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~ress Adninistra ion
Works·
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REPORT ON
- SN~
I
PROGRESS OF
7194
MA
THE WPA PROGRA
JUNE 30, 1939
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
I
F~~~• Q¥
I NTIWWA"'* r ; i : _ a
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
I
REPORT ON
PROGRESS OF
THE WPA PROGRAM
JUNE 30, 1939
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
F. C. HARRINGTON , Commi ssioner
CORRINGTON GILL , A ssistant Commissioner
EMERSON ROSS , Director, Division of Stati stics
Mf\R 7 194
RECEIVED
I
I
r
-,
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
F E Dlrn .\l ., \\'ORKS .\ (H~NC' Y
\YOHK .PHO,Jl~( 'TS .\l ) .\ IJ ~ l ST J-U ' l' ION
\\ ' ,:-; 111 NG'l'O ',
I) . (' ., lh , <·1, ~113 1.; 1{ lf) , 19:39
~ I H. P 1rnsrn 1.; N ·1· :
I ha ,·p t ill' ho nor to t r:111 :-; 111 it l1 <'n• ,1·il h t h l' R(Jwr/ 011 / ' n>ur1ss 11( th
H P . 1 J-> /'1/qra ,,1 fo r l hl' _,·1·:1r 1•11< li11 g ,Ju ne :rn. lf):39. T Iii' l'< ' po rl s u pplil's
cl l'l nil t' d in fo rm :1t io 11 011 ( 111 · p rn j1 <·l :1c·c·ompl is li111c 11 ls 1·1•s ul li 11µ: frnm
1
\~ PA wor k , t li <' kind s of pro j1•<·ts n pl'l':, t <·d . t li t• 1· 111plo_vm en t p rn ,·id l'd
by t he \YP.\ . :rn d ti n' f1111d s 1·x p1· 111 k d .
Jn (' 0 \'l'l'i ng t ill' Yl'a r (' lld inµ: ,Jllll (' :3(), 19:rn , llw r<· po1·t cka ls ,,·it h a
p t ri od d uri n g w hich \YI' .\ OJ H·r:1 t io ns ll' <'r<' co 11d11 ct('d 1111 :111 t·x p:rn decl
S(':t ll' ns a rl's u]l o f l li 1• s1·,·1•1'<· h· limi ll'd o ppo r t u11 it i1•s nf t li l' ll l ll' lllp loyed Lo fi nd wor k in l l1t· li l' lds of pr iY:111· 1· 11 t1• rpri s1•.
H 1•s1wc· t f u lJ~-.
I,'. C' . ·11., llll l NGTON .
( 'o mn1issio n11 <(/ \\ 'od· J >/'()j1r/g
:'.\ IY D E.\ R
1
1
T 11 g
P RESID ENT
T /11 l\'lt ite llou se
]JI
PREFACE
R enamed t h e W ork Projects ,\dmini str::ilion and mad e n p::irt of
th e F ederal W ork s Agency as of ,J ul)' 1, 19:39, th rough H eo rgani z,tt ion Plan Io. 1, t he WPA has continuvd to 1 roviclc projl•ct work fo r
large numbers of Lhe co unLry's un ·mploycd . In cove rirw t he period
prior to th e r eo rga ni zation, thi s report deals wi th t he acl ivili cs of
th e ,vorks Progr ess Acl rnini s lralion , as s uch , g ivin g p,1 rli c ular emphasis to the year endin g on Jun e '.30, 1939. As lllHll _\' ,1S :~.:rnn.ooo
persons wer e workin g at t he peak o f t ir e _vear 's ::ictivities o n proj<•ds
operated with \YPA fund s and at t be end of ,Jun e 10:rn a totnl of
2,550 ,000 perso ns were so employ ed.
This report r evie\\·s the actiYities of th e WPA in t he li g ht of it s
primary r espon s ibili ty t h:1t of providin g work for l it e urwmploycd
on useful public proj ects. ll s umm ,1ri z<'S th e proj ect ,1cco mpli :-d1m cn ts and opera ti ons of th r \\'PA , th ' proj ct cmp lo_vnwnl prov ided, and th e ex penclilur('S tha t hnve he ' 11 nrnde . Th e pro visio n ,
fo r continuin g t he \YPA program durin g th c urrcnl fi se al yenr ,m•
o utli ned in th e seco nd c hapter . T he fo ur th and fifth c hn pt r rs ,1n·
includ ed as illu s tra t io ns of WPA proj ect activ ities in pnrti c-u l.1r
in s tances . On e rev iews th e em e rge ncy ;l nd r eha hi litat,ion work thnt
was done in New 8ngla nd fo ll owin g t he Septe mb er 1~1:38 l1urr icnm' .
T lie other describes in o mc deta il t he no rmal o pcrn ti o ns o f t ir e
\\'PA a cn,rri ecl on in four se lect d a reas, indientin g the nature of t he
accompli s hm ents reali zed t,h ro ug h t he prosec ution of \\' PA projects
and t lie adapt a tion of WPA act ivit ies to loc<1l cond itio 11 ,-; and lol',1'
11 eed . The final cha pt er di se usscs th e scycral prog rams pro1·idi11gemploym en t on F edera l 1n>rk ,111d co 11 st ru<.:tion projects .ind publi c
r eli e f ; th e ,YPA program is o ri ented in this se ttin g .
E cnti a l to t he prcpar.1lio11 of thi s report has IH·<•n th r 11·illi11 g
oo pcration prov id ed by t he se,•prn\ ndmini strnl iv P diYisio11 s of t lw
v\TPA ce ntral o ffi ee ;:r nd by rn ri o1 1s of t h(' rrgio11,d ,u1d s tnt e .rnd di strict ofi:ices of th e \\' PA . Th e report ha · bec11 prepared u11dN t ir e
V
Vl
di rcdion of R:nwrso n Ro. s, DircC'ln r or t lr <' l)i vision of , tn,t,ist ics; its
d cvc lopnH' nt lras ht't' n an imm ediat e r<'s po nsibi litv of Dwigh t B .
Ynt ern a ,1ss is led pri11C'ip:1 lly by A lice M. At.wood , ElL':rn o r NeiJl, :1,nd
\Vilfred P. l'a mpb ell. Among ll1<' co ntri bu tors to the report par tic ular me ntio n mu st be m ,1 dc of t ir e followin g persons in the Di v isio n
of St:1tis tics: Malcolm B. l'atlin nnd nH' rnlw rs of hi s Openiting St..1,tisties Section , who s uppli ed mu c h of t he s tati s tic:11 infornrntion rn,ed
in t he report a nd who also ass is ted in th!' deve lo pm e nt of the rel,1te d
(('X l , in cludin g 13 . Alden Lill _ywbi te whn carri ed o ut t li e preliminary
11 (i rk le,H lin g to the E cam hin a nd Portsm o uth sec tion o f t he fifth
(' lru pt er (pages .57 t.o 75); D owa rd C'. G ri eves who ass unr ed r e po ns iliility for th e firs t ch a pter (pages 1- 7); ,111d T heo dore ]~. \Yh iti 11g a n I
rn !' mbers of bis R eli ef Stnt is ti cs Section who suppli ed cla ta for , a nd
('o llabor:1ted in the wri t i,,g of, t he ten t h clr ,1pt er (pages 129- 1.52) .
lGd11·:1 rd A. vVilli am s o f t hl' Di Yisio n of Resea r h prep ared a la rge
s lra re of the seC()n d el"' p te r (pag-es
I -:le ) . Data on th e s ta t,us and
<',qw,,diture of F'edernl fund s h:11·0 lwe n tnke n b rge l~· from re ports
pre p:11·<'d by the D e pin t rn ent nf tlr P Trc:1sm _1· , Offi ce of t he C'o mmi ssionN o f An·ot111l s :ind Depos its.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
l
Prov ision s for th e WPA Program During th e !?isc:1 l Y e:1r I 9-10 _
8
\VPA Proje t .Acco mplishm ents and Operation s ___ __ ________
15
Ne 11 England ll urr ic:ine :rnd Flood s of Septem ber 1938 ______
35
\\' PA Project Opernt ion s u1 Se lected A reas _____ _ _________
45
Emp loym ent and Emp loyees und er th e \ VP L _____ . __ __ _ __ _
89
Fu1:m cial S umnHH _,· ______ -------------- - --------------
10
1 l ater ials, S upplies, and li_;quipm ent_ _____________________
11 6
vVPA -Fi.nan ced Operation s o f F eder al Agen c ies __ _ _ ___ _
121
Emplo_v m ent on Fe.demi \\·ork and Con struct ion Projects nnd
Puhlic R elief _ __ ____ _____ _
129
Append ix : Ta hi es
153
\'II
LIST OF TEXT TABLES
.... .
I. Schedu le of M o nthl .Y 1<:arni11 gs on \\'PA- fi'inan ced Pr j cts- E ffec ti w
Se pte mbe r I , 1939 __
_____ ____ ___
2. ' 11111ber of \\'ork Projects Ope rated by th e WPA, by T y pes of Projec ts- a s of Jun e 2 1, 1939 __ _ __ ______ __________
3. 8c lected Ite n1 H of Ph y ica l Ac co mplishm e nt on \\IP A-Operated ons tru cti o n P ro jec ts o rnpl e ted During th e Year i<; 11din g Ju ne 30,
1939-- l-l ighways, R oads , a nd 8trce t ____________ __
4. 8clected I tems of Ph ys ical Acc omplishm e nt o n WPA -Operated Co 11 tructi on Proj ec ts Co mpl eted Duri11g th e Yea r Endin g Jun e 30 ,
1939- Bridges, C ul vc rtH, an d Oth e r R oad AppurtC' 11 a nccs _ _
5. elected Ite ms of Ph _,·sic:, l Accompli shm ' lit on \\" PA-OpC' rated Const ructi on Projec t Co mpleted Durin g t he Year End ing Jun e 30 ,
1939- Puhl ic lfoil d in gs __
_______ __
6. SC'lected Hems of Ph y ical Aecu m plish mc11t on WP A-Operatcd Constru c tion Projects Co mpl e ted During t he Yea r Emlin g Jun e 30,
1939- \Vatc r Suppl y a,nd Sanita r_,· and 1-itorm, e "·e r li'aciliti e
7. Selec ted Ite ms of Ph ys ical Accompli s hm e nt on \VP A- Ope ratcd Co nstru cti o n P ro ject Compl eted Duri11 g th e Yea r Endin g Jun e 30,
1939- Miscc ll a nco u fi'ac il iti e _ ___ _ _
Se lected I te ms of Ph _vs ica l Acco m pli s h1nc11t on WPA -Opc ratecl Constru cti o n Project - th rough J II nc 30, I 938 _____
_ _________ _
9. Se lec ted I te ms of Ph ys ical Acco mpli shm e nt on \\'PA-Operated N onco nstruction Projects- th rough Ju nc 30, I 93 _ _
________ _
10. Tota l E s timated Co t of Projec ts Appron' d by th e Presi d e nt und er t he
ERA Act of 1938 for Ope rati on by th e WPA , b.1· M a jor T yp es of
Projects a nd by Sour ces of Fu nd s- a s or J un e 30, 1939 ___ ______ _
11. Exp nditures on \VPA-Ope rnted Proj erts , b~, Fi scal Years and by
So u rce of Fun ls- throu gh Jun e 30 , 1939 __________ _ __ __ ____ _ _
12. Expe nditu res of F ed e ral a nd ::lponso rs' l<' und s on \\' PA-Operated Projcts, b_,· Maj or T y pes of Prnjcc tsumu latin, t hrou gh , and Yea r
Endin g Ju ne 30 , 1939 __
_______ __
13. Expend itu re on WPA-Opcrated Projects , by Obj ec ts of Expe nditur
a nd by Sources of Funds- Cumul a tiv e throu gh , a nd Year Endin g
Jun e 30, 1939 ______
14. Valu e of Produ cts of vVPA Goods Projects Dis tributed t o Vi ctim s of th e
Ne w En1sland Hurrica n , b y States- Cumu lati ve thr ough Jun e 30,
1939 __ __ _ ------15. WP A E xpe nditu res on E me rge ncy and R eco nstru ct ion \York in th e
e1,· England Hurri can e Arca, b y 8ta tcs- Cumula tiY e throu gh .Jun e
30, 1939 _____________
16.
umber f Perso ns Empl oyed o n \\'PA E111 c rgency a nd R eco nstru cti on
Proj ects in th e Ne w E11gland Hurrican e Area , bv S ta tes- Se ptember 2 , 193 l o J un e 28, l 939 __
__ _ __ _ _
17 . Number of P e rso ns Empl oyed o n \VP A-Operated Projec ts, by T .1·pcs of
Projec t a11d by ,"ex , Mahaska Coun ty, TO\rn- i\larch 22 , 1939
1 Ex pr n litures of F ed eral a nd Sponsors' fi'und o n \\'P A-Operat ed Constructi o n Projec ts, b_v T y pes of Proj ec ts , Mahaska ounty, IowaCumu lative th rough M arch 3 J , 1939 __
___________
19. l~xpe ncli tu r 's of fi'cd c ra l and 8po 11 so rs · Fu 11d s on \\'P A-Ope rated Co ntru c ti o n Projec ts, b.1· T _,·pcs of Projec ts, E camb ia ounty, Al ab3 ma- Cumulalive th ro ug h larch 3 1, 1939 __
20 . Numb r of P e rso ns Employed o n \\' PA-Ope rated Projec ts, b y T _1·pcs of
Projec ts a nd by 'ex, l~sca m bia Count., ·, Ala bama- March 22, 1939 _
21. l..: xpe ndit11 rt·s of Fed era l a 11d ~p o nso rs' l<' und s o n WP A-Ope rated Co nstru ct io n Proj ects, I _v T ype~ of P roj ct ·, P ortsmouth, Ohi o- Cumula ti,·e thro ugh i\l a rch 3 1, 1939_______
__________ ____________
Page
11
16
17
17
18
18
19
20
24
29
30
31
33
39
H
-13
-1
.- 6
60
ti2
6
IX
X
LIST OF TEXT T .\BLE
22. N11mbe r of P !'rso ns Emp lo.1·(•d (111 \\' PA-Opnatcd P ro jects, by T ypes of
Projects :111d by Hex, HC"ioto Co 1111ty and Ci l y of P o r tsm o11th, Ohio1\Jarch 22, 1939 _ _
23. Expenclilurl's of l<'!'deral a11d Hpon sors' F1111ds 011 \\'PA -O pnaled Conlruction P rojects, I>.' T.'J><'s of P rnj\'tb, E ri e, P e 1111 s.v h ·a11ia____ _ _
C11m11lalive through i\ l arch 3 1, 1939
24. t\'nmhe r of P(•r,sons Emplo_,·erl o n \\' P .\ -Op\' rated P rojects, by T~·pe of
Proj\'cts, E rie, P enns_d,·,rn ia ;\ l arch 22, 1939 ___ ___
25. r urnl>er of P ersons Emp loy(•d on \\· P .\ -Operaled Projects and \\' PAFi11a11ced Proj ect~ of Other Federa l .\ gencies- i\lo nthly, .Jul y 193
-------- ---to Jun e 1939___
qu a rterly,
26. Xumlll'r of \\·omen Emplo_n ·d 011 \\-P .\ -Ope rated Project
D ece mlll'r 1935 to .Tu n(' 1939 ___ _
27 . t\'urnber of Persons J,: mpl oyccl 0 11 WPA - Fi11a11ced P rojects of Othe r
F t•deral Agencies, by Age 11ci es- Qua rte rl y, He pte 111 bcr 1938 to .J unc
1939 _
2, . Xumbe r of P ersons Emplo.n ·d on \\.PA -Ope ra ted Proj ects, b _,· T y pes of
________
P rojects J une 21, 19;39
29. Distribution of Each 1,000 Perso ns Employed on \YPA-Op rated Proj ect , b .,· ;\l ajor T y pes of P rojects He leded P eri od s, M a rch 1936 to
- - ______
June 1939 _
30. Distribution o f Each 1,000 P e rso ns En , ployed 011 \\· p A-Operated Projects, b_,· \\·age Classes He lectccl P eriods, :\larch 193fi lo .J u11l.' 1939
31. Dist ribution of Each 1,000 P e r ·ons t:mployed 011 \\' PA -Ope rated Pro jecL, b.,· i\laj o r T y pes of P rojects and by \\'age Clas,;:e --Jun e 2 1,
---------------------------1939 __ __ _________ _
32. Di s tribution of Each 1,000 P (• r~u11 s J,; ,1 ,pl u., ·ed 0 11 WPA-Opcrated Projects, by t · rban izatio11 <.:rou ps :-lel ected P e riods, N o,·ern bcr 1937 to
J11n e l 939 ____ _ __
33. Accessions and Reparation s of P ernons 1,; mplo _,·ed on \YP A-Fi nanced
Projects , by Types of Access io ns a nd He pa rati o ns- i\Io11t.l1l y, J uly
1938 to Ju ne l 939 _ __ __
3J . Access ions a nd Heparatio ns of P erso ns E 111 pl o.1·ed on WPA -Fin anccd
Pro jcds, b.v Sex- i\lo11thl y, .J ul_,. 1938 to .J11n e 1939
3.'> . I-l ou rs and t:arnings uf P e rso ns Emp loyed 011 \\' PA- Ope ra t ed P roject s ,
by Major T _,·pes of Proj ects Cnm11lat i,·c through Jun e 30 , 1939
3fi . ~nml>e r o f Disabli ng l1 1jnri,'s on \\' PA -O pe rat ed Project , by CausesYear ~'. nding .J 1111e 30, 1939 ___ ___ _
37. P rcentagc Dist ribution of \\'PA Wo r ke rs, by Age Groups and by
Sex ~o,·e m b r 193 i and l<'eb ru ar.Y 1939
3 . P e rcen t age Dis tributio11 of Gainf11I Worke rs in April 1930 and of
\\' PA \\' o rkers in Fchrna r.,· 1939, by Age Groups __ _ _________
39. P ercen tage D ist ribution of \Y PA Wo r kers , by Size o f Fami ly and by
Rex Feb ruary 1939 __ _ _ _ __ _
40 . P crre 11l agc Di s t r ib11tio11 o f All Fam ili(•s in 1930 and Fami lies o f WP A
\V o rkt> rs in Fe brnary 1939, b_,· Si.~e of l•'a 111 il_,-__ ___ _
41. ~ eg rn Fa111ilies, l' ne mpl oyed R eg is tra nt s, a 11d WPA W o rk e rs as P e rcentages of R espertiH' T o t aL, by Geographical R egion s ____ __
42. Dis trih11tion o f WPA Wo rk e rs , by Durati on o f Employme nt and by
He x Fe brnary l 939 _____ __ ____
43 . Dist ril rnt io1 1 of WPA W o rkers , by Age Gro ups and by Duration of
_ _____ ___ ____ _
E1nploy ment- F hruary 1939 ____ _
44. l)i ~trib11lion o f WPA \V o r k(' rs, by l l rbani zation Group - and by D u ration of l~1nploy m ent February 1939 ___ ___________ _________ __
45. D istribution of \T PA \Yo rkers, by T ype of Pro jects and by Duration
of Emp lo_nnent - F eb r11a.r.v 1939 __ ___ _____ ___ ______ _________
46 . So11rce of Funds A,·ai lah le to th e WPA und r t he E R A Act o f 1938as of .Ju ne 30 , 1939 _____ __ ___ _____ _ ______ _ ______________ _
47. \\'P A P1111ds Transfe rred to Fede ra l Age ncies und er Sectio n 3 o f the
ERA Act o f 193" , b~· r\ g\'nr ies C1 rn1ul ati,·e through .)11 ne 30, 1939
H
76
,4
90
\l l
92
92
94
9.j
96
96
98
98
99
100
I 02
102
I 02
10:3
l 03
10-1
10 5
106
107
10
109
LIST OF TEXT T .\ BLE
XI
Page
4 . F'C'dNal Expcndit11 rC's on \\'PA-O 1 NaLC'ci P rograms, by Fi cal Y C'ars·
th rough .J unt• 30 , 1939 __
49. Ji'ecl e ral ExpC'nditu res on \YPA-Operat C'd P rograms l\lo nthl ., , .J ul y
193.i to .June 1939 _
-o. Ji'ede ra l Expenditures on \\' P -Operated P rogram s , IJy Objects of E:-.pC'n diture C1 111uli ati,·e throug h. and Y l'a r Ending .J\i11 e 30, l!l:39
5 1. Arlmini s lra!i vC' 1•: xpC'nd it 11rcs o f lhc WP A a11rl t he I YA, l>y Objed >< of
J•:x pendi l11r
Y ar l•: 11ding .Jiin e 30, 1939
-2. \'al11e o f i\latcrials , Supplies , and Equipment Procu red fo r \VP AOpe rated Proj cts, by T yp s of :\Iateriab and b., · So urces of Fund · th ro ugh .J1111t• 30, 1939
- 3. N11mb e r and Cos t of S11rplt1 s C:a nn e 11t s P u rc hased by the WPA , by
T _,· pes o f c:armcn t s- as of .J u11e 30 , 19:3!)
54.
11mber of 'arments D is t ribu t ed 1111dcr the \YP A Rurp lus C lot hin g
P11rchasc Program , by St a l es a nd b.Y T y pes o f Gar lll cn ts -as of .J un e
30 , 1939 _ _ _
.5.- . E111pl oy m e 11t o n Fed e ra l \ Vo r k and Co11sl l'll el ion Proj ct b and R ec ipie nt o f Publi c R e li ef, by Prog r::uns .f1111 e 1939 __ _
56A. E 1npl y ment n Fede ral v\'o r k a 11d 0 11 s tr11cti o11 I roj ec t s and R ec ip ie nt s o f Pu blic R e lief, b., P rog ram s :\l u11th l.,·, .Ja1111ar.,· 1933 to
D ece mbe r1 93; ___
- tiB. Employme nt o n Fede ral \Yo rk and Consl r11 ct io n P rojects a nd R ecip ie n!.s o f P 11bli c R e li ef, l> y P rogr a ms M o 11 th ly , .Jan ua ry 1936 t o
Jun e 1939
.57. l•'. mploym e nt o n F ederal \\'o rk and Constr11ction P roject and R ecip ien t s o f P ublic R e lief, by Rtates and by P rogranrn- .Jun e 1939 _
5 A. Earnings o f P rso ns E mpl oyed o n F ed e ral Wo r k a 11d Construction
Projec t s and Pa.,· m c nts fo r P11 b lic R e lief, by Prog ra ms- M ont hl y,
.J anua ry I 933 l o D ece 1n bc r 193.'i _ _ _ _
5 B. Earnings o f P ernons F:mployed on Federal Wo r k and Con tructi o n
P rojects and P ay m e nt s for P 11bli c R e lief, by P rog rams- M onth ly,
.Jan ua r.,· 1936 t o .J1111 e 1939 _
59. Earnings o f P rso ns l~mplo., ·ed on Federal Wo r k and Con struct ion
Pro jerts and P a .\' m c nt s fo r Pu bli c R e lief, by State .. and by Prog ra m s -Jun e 1939 ____
_________ _________ __ _______ ___ __
l l1
111
11 2
11-1
J 17
11 9
120
130
132
13-1
139
144
146
149
LIST OF CHARTS
l. E . timatcs o f U nempl oy 111e nt - .J a1111ary rn :115 J un 19:rn ____ ___ _____ _
2. \\"P .\ \Yage Rat e R eg iu ns- effec·t i,·e K pl e mhe r l , l\l:39 _______ _
3 . E:-.pend itur , on \Y P .\ -Operat cd P rojeds, l>y :-fajo r Types of Project
a nd hy i:lo urc·es ot Fund s -c umulativ e thro ugh J un e 30 , 1939, and
Yea r Endin g Ju ne 30. 19:39 ___________________ ____ _______ ____ _
4. Empl oy m e nt on WP .\ Project - thro ugh .Jun e J \:):39 __ ___ __________ _
5. D istribution of \VP .\ \Yo r ke rs, by Siz of l<'ami ly- Feh rnary 19:39 __ _
6. F ed e ral E x pe ndi t ure, on \VP .\ -Ope ral cd Prog ram <;- Jul y 193.- .June
1939 ____ ____________________ _____ _
7. Di s t ribut io n o f WPA E x penditures, by Oi>j ects of E xpend itur
Year
Ending .J un e ::$0 , 1939 __________________ ___ _
Tl o use ho ld s and P ersons B nefit ing fr om Employm e nt o n F Pde ral \Y or k
and
onst rndi o n Pruject s a nd Publi C' H. eli ef- .Jan11a ry 1933 .Junt'
rn:39 ____ _
9. P erno ns Be nefit in g f ro m 1.: mpl o.nn e nt o n l<'ed era l \Y o rk a nd Co ns trn ct io n P roj ed a nd Publi c Reli ef, By Pro gra ms- .Janu a ry 19:33 .Jun e
1939 __ ___ -------------------- -10. l nclexe of nemploy m e nt and Pe rso ns Be nefiti ng from Employn1enl
o n F eel ral \\'o rk and Co ns truction Projed a nd Public R elit' f J a nuar~· 1n::n Jun e rn:~9 -
.~
12
31
90
10::i
11 2
11 3
13 1
136
13 c
REVIEW OF THE WP A PROGRAM
than 7,000,000 different perso ns \\'Cr
at ome ti m ·
beb,·een the initit ti n f th e progrnm in t be
umrn er o f 19;35 and the e n I f ,Jun e 1939. Th e
number of jobs provided by t he \\"PA ha vari ed
c n icl erabl y durin g eac h o f th e fo ur yea rs in
whi ch th e progrnm h as o pe rat ed , ge ne ra ll y
parallelin g t he o urse of un e mpl oym en t ove r
t he p eri od. Em pl oyrn en t on th e prog ram has
been expnncl ecl durin g peri ods \\·h en private
employment lrn s dcclin ecl a nd b ns bee n co ntracted wh en t he numb er o f p erson s in need of
WPA empl oy ment has fallen o ff as n res ult of
in cr eased e mpl oy m e nt in pri\·at e indu s try.
Durin g the year endin g Jun e 30 , 19:39, a n aYc rage of approxi m ate ly 2,900,000 perso ns \\·e re
at wor k on \\'PA proj ects; t hi s is exc lu s iY e of
approx im ately I 00 ,000 p erson s wh o \1·e re c mpl yed on th e proj ects f ot h er F ed e ral ng cncies
t hat were finan ced by tran sfe rred WPA fund .
As many as :3,: 60 ,000 perso ns hncl work o n
WPA-finan ccd projec ts in Novembe r ]9:38 and
a few ns 2,.5 .50 ,000 at th e encl of June I 9:39 .
Th e avc rag numb er of WPA .io bs prn\·itl ed
cl urin g the yctn e nd in g ,Jun e 30, 19:39, \\'a s h ig-her
than durin g Ctlc h o f th e three precedin g yearof t he prog ram 's o pcrntion s . In t he 12 mo ntlt en din g Jun e :30 , J 9'.38, nn ,we rage of approximately 1,900 ,000 pe rson s " ·e re empl o_vccl , and
in the precedin g year empl oy ment avNn gc d
2,200,000 pe rso ns. Th e progr am wa put into
p crat ion in th e s umm er a nd fall of 19:3 ,'), a nd
in th e firs t half of 1936 a n aYCrage of 2,7 00 ,000
per on wer e at work on \\'PA proj ect .
F cd e rnl cxprnclitures for th e opera tion o f t h e
WPA progr am t1mou n ted to ·2,15-5,000 ,000
ORE
M empl oyee.I on WP .A proj ec t
durin g th e y ar ending June 30, 1939. 1 IMt
o f th e e exp endi tu res (9.5. 9 p er cen t ) we re mad
in th e ope rt1 tion o f work pro jects; they in d ude
th e wa ges paid to project work er s and th e co, ts
f t h e mat erial s, upplies, and eq uipment r equ ired for proj ect operat ions . Th e co -t o f ndminis tering th e prog- rnm amounted to :3.-1 p ercen t of th e tota l trnd expenditure - for mi sce ll an eo us purpose - auth o rized und er th e R:RA
Act of 193 (th e purch ase of surplu clothing
a nd exten sion of ,lid to self- help coopcrnti \'es)
nc ou n tecl for t he re nHliJ1 in g 0.7 p ercen t . 1n
addition to th e fund s used fo r the \,VPA program about $7'.3,.5 00 ,000 of \YPA fund wa
to oth er Federal
ex pended from tnrn s l" r r
agenc ies; the, e fund s \\·ere used b:v t h e m for
imilar to th o e
tl1c operat ion o r pro ject
conducted by th e WPA .
Since the amou n t of fund expended by th e
1VPA is d e termin ed by th e numb e r of jo bs provi led on work proj ects, xp cnditurc, during
t he fi sc al year end in g ,Jun e 30 , J 939 , exceeded
t h e exp e nditures or c,1c h of t h e three precedin g
to
amoun ted
exp enditures
yea r s . \\"PA
I .-!00 ,000 ,000 during th e ~·ea r ending .J une 30,
J9 :3, ; ." 1, 00 ,000 ,000 in tlt e preced in g- ~' c,u-;
and $ 1.300 ,000 ,000 in the ~·etn endin g .Jun e :rn,
1936, during the (':ul~· month s of 1d1ich t h e
progn1m \\'tlS bein g- put int o o prration .
p on so rs of \\' P.\ projects prO\·id ed .-..J:9:3,000 ,000 townn l th e rnst of \\'P.\ pro ject Of)l'l"ations durin g th e ycn r ending ,Jun e :30 , I g::rn.
TJ1i s re present ed 19 .:3 pe rcent of th e totn l cost,
of \\"PA work pro jects durin g th e :ven r . Th e
amo1mt s cx 1w1H lcd Ii~· s pon sors for \\' P.\ proj ec ts ha\·e innenscd duriJ1g each of th e four
1
2
REPORT OK PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRA1\1
)·ears the program !ms heen in operat ion . cliITer•
ing in thi. respect from the trend of Federal
expenditures which \\·e re lower in th e )·e11r
end in g .Tune 10, 101c , th an in th r pre<'rdu1 g
12-rnonth period . From the beginning of th e
program th rou gh ,Jun e 1939 , sponso rs' expenditures flYera gecl 17.0 percent of the total <'O s t o f
project op ration s :1s comp:necl 11·ith 19 .:~ percent durin g the ln s t of the fou r )'e:1 rs.
in nil except two s tntes in .Tunr Hl3\:l . 'Pa)·men ts were ini tiated u1 t li t,,·o remammg
tntes in ,Jul)· . Durmg the middle week of
.hm r I 9:39, OYer 00.000 per on, r cei,·ed unemplo)· ment compen 11t ion payments. Th e ocial
ecu ri ty Act like,,·i e pr o,·iLled for a pr gram
of old -age in surance . Amendment to this
ac t haYe nrnde it pos iblc to initiate th e e
insurance pn)'ment s in Jamlflry 1940 and ha,·e
extended th e ys tem to illclucle un·iyors '
bencfi t,; as ,,·ell.
Federal Wo rk Programs and
Public A ssistance
Federal Work and Construction Programs
Th e depression begiJrn ing iJ1 1929 brought
,1 bout an intensification of efforts at al l lenl
of government- Federal, s tnte , nnd loc11l- to
deal with th e prob lems of econom ic iJ1secu rit)
It coon became npparent that th e origin s of
mnn)· of the problems of msecurit:,· lay outsid e
th e local communities where tlt e ne eds for
assistnnee arose ancl that th eir extent wa s su ch
th e)· cou ld not be met th rou gh use of local
resou r ces nlone . A. fl result , s tate ngencies and.
later. Federal a,,, encies Wt' re orgnnizecl to mitigu te th e effects of unemp loym en t and po,·er t)·
and to promote econom ic recoYrr y. In 1936 a
Federal , York Program wa s l:nmched. th e
Socinl Security Act passed , and Frdernl g rant s
to state for general relief ,,·ere di, continued .
By the end of the yea r a ll of t hr nrnjor program that ar e cmTentl)· in oper:1 tion had been
either es tnb lish ecl or , chedu led for futme
opern tion.
Th e extent and cope of goyernmentn l effort
to deal with the problrms of in sern ri t)· are
evid en ced b)7 th Yarious progr:im,; in ope rat ion
ill ,June rn:rn. 0Yer 6.G00 .000 difl'r rent h ousehold . ,,·ere benefiting nt tlin t timr from cmplo)' ment on Federfll ,,·ork :md cons truction program or ,,·er e recei,·in g puhli(' assis t:rn ce.
Th se hou sel,old s included :1pproxinwtel)'
19 ..500 .000 persons.
Other securit:· program. haw heen deYelopecl
ill nddit ion to tho e proY iding emplO)' ment on
Fedrral work nncl cons truction projects and
public ass is tance. Pnemp lo)·rnen t comp nsation program , develop d 1tnd r r th e ocia l
Secu ri ty Act 1111d covering most of the employed
popu lat ion except for ng ricul tura l , domes tic,
and govern ment empl yees, were iJ1 operation
Th e work and cons truct io n prog rams finan ced
in " ·bole r in pflrt b)' the Federal GoYernment
prov id e jobs an cl in com e fo r un ernpl oye l
work ers. T hese prngrarns in clud e the project
" ·ork of the \\'PA. N YA. CCC , and P l'I.A, and
th e project nctiYities of numerou s oth er Federa l agencies th at nre financed b)r both regular
and emergenc)· appropriation s.
An a,·era ge of mo re than 3,.. 00.000 per on
,,·ere employed on a ll Federal " ·ork nncl co n truction program s in ,Jun e 1939, includin g 2,600 ,000
persons working on projects finan ced with
1TPA fund ,;. T he s tudent a id an d work proj ect
progra m e o f the N YA ancl t he CCC program
accounted for -190 ,000 and 270 ,000 emp loyees ,
respectinl)·. Practically a ll of these ,,·er e
youn g person , 2-1 )' ears of age or yo un ger.
P1YA projects proYidecl jobs for nea rl y 240 ,000
" ·o rker of ,,·horn more than four-fift hs wer e
employed on non-Federnl projects i1wolYing
pub li c con. t ru ction in the finnncing of which
s tate and loca l go,· ernment ,,·ere assis ted
through P ,,·A loans and g r:in ts. Federal
projects co ndu cted direct ly by Federal agencies
wi th Pl'l'A fund s accounted fo r t he remai nin g
emp lo)·ment under th e P 1YA program. The
reg ular con. truction actiY iti es of tbe Federal
Gowrnme n t proYided job,; fo r fln additional
240.000 workers in .Tun e 1939.
?\fore th ~rn half of a ll t he employmen t on
Federal work and con truction programs has
been proYided thro ugh t be vYPA sin ce t he en d
of J 93 5 when th e program reac l,ed fu ll de,·elopment. In ,Tun e 1939, th e 2,G00 ,000 pe rson
workin g on projects firnrn ced wit h WPA fund
accounted for two-thirds of the total of 3, 00 000 person " then em ployed on a 11 Federal work
7
•
Hl<~\ I l~ W O F T ll E WP.-\ P ROG HAJ\I
:111d <·011 s lru c lion p rog mm s. Th e prnporlio ,1
re prrst' II ll'd by \V PA wor kers h:i s IH'l' II l:1rgest
du ri11g prriods of r elatively hi g h ievl'ls of u11 emplo_vm e11t :rnd s malle t wh en unr rnpl o,vment
k1 s dedi11rd . Jn th e summ er of I !l:38 , for
exn mple , \\' PA crnpl oyme11t :1ceou11l ecl for a
nrnximum of almos t O percrnl of tlr r total
numbN t'rnp loy ed on all F ederal work nnd const ru ction prng rarn ' , whereas in t iH' f:111 of I !):37,
when un mploym ent was at a re l:llin,Jy low
le,·el. t lr \ \' PA account ed for so nH'w hnl lrss
lh:rn fi() pr rer nt of all tlrr F('drr:11 projl'Cl
employ11 1r 11t provided .
Public Assistance Programs
Puhli <" :1ssis t:111 <·r prog rnms for tlr t' 1':ll'l' of the
nN•d)· agPd, drprndent c hildrrn, :ind l it <' blind
nr r rnrri d on by s tate and lo(':il go,·rrnmrnt '
with finanei:il :1. sistan ce from tlt r l•'rdr r:il C:overnnH•nt. Fo r tl1r e prognim s l•'rdrr:il fund s
nrr nrncle :1vnil:1ble under thr Soc i:1 1 S0<·u rit)·
.\('[ to sl:1 lcs h:n-in g :1 pp ro,·ccl pl:i ns. !<'eel ernl
parliC'ip:ition in pro viding publi c :1ss is t:111 c·r :dso
t:ikrs lhr form of subsi tcn<·e g rant s to nrrdy
form f,1 mi Iies. Pu hlie :1ssis t:lll C'C' in the form of
g nrr:il r clid for dest itut e person s not pro, idrd
fo r und e r oth r prog r:ims, l:cll1 <'1·r r, l.:1 :,; in rrcent
yea rs heC'n :1 respo 11s ihili t:· of s t:1t e :llld itJe:11
govern men ts; li'cdc rn I f1llld s lr :i ve not brcn m:id e
av:1i l,1hlc fo r th is type o f a id sinC"e tlr t' di seonti.nu:111 ec of li' l~RA g r:rnts in I !-J:-~:).
T h e special e:1tpgories of puhli <" :issis t:rn c·r in
" ·hieh tl1 e l•ederal Go,·ernment pa rtiC"ipnt e,
under th e SoC"i:il St•e urit:· .\ C" t inclutkd. in
Jun e I !H9 . I ,S-l."i ,(HlO re C" ipi rnls of old -age :i ss is tanee , :3 11 ,000 f:i 111ili<•s re<"ei,·in g :1id for de pl'nd ent elril d ren , :rnd (\8 ,000 re<" ipi <' nt s of :1id to th e
blin d . St:1te nm l loC":11 :tgl'n C" il's in t li nt rnontl1
provid ed ge rw r:11 r·C' li d for :1 to t:1 1 of I ,.'i(iS ,000
familie s :rnd sin glr pe rsons. T lt l'Sl' :t g<' ll <· i<'s :1l so
d is t rib utrd surplu s :1 µ: rieulturn l l'O lllllH )(lit ies
m:id e :lY:t il:1hl <' b)· tlte Frdl'l':il Surplus ( 'omrnoditirs Corpor:ition :111d clothing :rnd utlier
::irticks produ<" ed in "\\' P.\ sr 11·in g roo111 s. Subisten C"e g r:lllt s rn:HIL' hy tlt l' F:trm St'<·urit_,· .\ dmini st r:ition to IH'rd:· f:1r111 f:1111ilies numbered
(Hl.000 d11ri11 g ,l tllH ' I n:rn.
The WP A Program
Tlt e \\' P.\ opn:1 les tltr princip.11 prng rnrn of
prnj eet ll'ork dt'sig ned :Ille! :1d111inisll'l'<'d for the
emplo:' ml' llt of u1w111plo:·cd 11·orkc' rs. .\ -. ... uch,
4
REPORT ON PROG RESS OF THE WP.\ PRO(:RAM
it p r imary objertiw i one of s upplyin g johs o n
u dul public projects t un e mployed person
until private indu s tr~· is able to r ee mploy them .
ln keeping with this purpos , the pn gram is
r g anized to p rovide. wit l1 the fund s a rnilable ,
the maximum number of jobs co ns is tPnt witb
t h e ski ll of t h e un emp loyed , to opernte proj ects
yielding s ubs tantinl I en efits in the form of public improvements and se n ·ices . and to integrate
it o pe rati on s as closely as poss ible with th e
labor market.
Cost of Employment Provided
To p r ovide th e maximum number of jobs
with t h e fu nds appropriated , the \\' P .\ ha s
u sed mos t of its fund s in mnkin g wage paym e nt to proj ect empl o!·ees. \Y P.\ 11·orkers nr
paid in acconl,rnce with an es tabli s h ed schedule
of earnin gs \\·hi c h detenni11es the .unount each
" ·orker r eceives durin g a m o nth . Scheduled
ea rnin gs 1·ar.Y accordin g to t h e g eog raphi cal
area and the co n cent r,lti on o f popubti o n in
eac b co unty ,,·her e the work is d onP and according to the s kill req uired for th e .1 ss ig ned work.
Th e actual ea rnin gs of \\' P.\ project 11·o r kers
throug hout the co untry aYernged :1 bout $.53 ..'iO
per montb during th e year e ndin g .Jun e :30,
193\:l .
F ed e rnl fund s ,11'e m ade nvn ilnhl e for project
costs ntlier than wages. but 0111!· to the extent
that they arc necessary to: ss ure t he o perati on
of \\·o rt lnd1il e projects h!· s uppleme ntin g the
mat e rial s, s uppli "· and equipment which it is
in c umbent on project s ponso rs to s uppl!· · LTnder the te rm s o f the ER.A ..-\ c t of 1n:38, non labor
expenclit11res from F'cdcral fund s in ,111!· . tate
w e re limit ed Lo a nrn xi murn of :· 7 p(' r worke r per
m ont h.
Assignment of Workers
In o nl r t h at operation o f th e \ \'P. \ proj ec t s
will ha1·e a nrn xi mum efl' ect in r eli evi ng di s tress
causrcl h.Y unemplnynwnt , the \ \' P.\ requires
that at lea s t \l :) pt' rce nt of the p<'l':-on s nssig nrd
to its projed s in eac h s tall' he ce rtifi ed a s in
n eed of relief. ~t,1te and local r·t,licf agencies
d es ignated by t h e \YP.\ .ire r espo ns ible for
r ef e rrin g unrmplo!·ed person s to the \ \· p A.
Durin g t h e ye,1r ending ,Jun 30 , I 9:39, almos t
97 p e rcent of tb e p ers on employed on WPA
projects were certifi ed a s in n eed of relief; t h e
r emaind e r- about 3 p ercent of th total - r pr esr nt ed certain types of ki ll ed , technical , and
s upr1Yi ' o ry pe rsonnel r equirrcl for the s ucces ful o pe rnti o 11 of proj ec t ;; but not avai lab le
amon g t li e perso n s r efe r red to t h e \\'PA by
s tate and local r elief agencie ' .
Unemployment as a Determinant
of WPA Employment
T he Yo lum e of un employm ent and r e ul ting
need is c han g ing co ns tantly in each ection of
t h e co untr_v. C h anges, affecting la rge numbe rs
f perso n , have, at times, occurred wit h gr eat
rapi d ity. To b e s ucce s fu l in t hi s setting , a
work prog ram mus t b e ab le to ex pand rapid !!·
11·h en unemp loymrnt and nr ecl in c rra e and to
contra ct a s unemployment and need decrea se.
on sequ e ntl~T. a hi gl degr re o f fl ex ibilit)· i
necessary to the ope ration of the w o rk prog ram
cond uctrd hy the \\" PA.
Th e ahrupt increasr in un r mplo.1· rne ntamounting to about four million per onswhi c h took plac e in the m o nt hs fo llo,1·ing eptember 1937 is, p er haps , the mos t s trik ing illu strntion of t he dyn a mic a spect of t h e uncm plo.,· rnent prnbl em . T o mre t the res ultin g incrrase in need , \YP.\ empl oy m ent ,1·a s ex pand ed
at an a1·e rage rntr of almos t 150,000 person s per
month n1·r r a period of a :Tea r . Fro m 1,450,000
numb r r e mp loy ed on
in O cto ber 1\137 tb
\YPA projret s ro:-e to ow r 3.2.'J0,000 hy tbe e nd
f O cto ber rn:~ . l n , o m e hi g hly indu s tria lized
areas wh e re the un empl oy m e nt problem 11·as
mu c h more acute tli.111 in the co unt ry a s a
who le, \\·p "\ openllion s 11·ere mor than treb led
in less than s ix months.
Adju s tment oJ the le 1·el o f operation. in acb
ection of th e country in accordance wi tl1
chan ges in the ex t(' nt of need r es ultin g from unem pl oy m ent is a co ntinuo us procrss in the
admini s trati o n of tbe 1YPs\ p rogrn m . Th e
primary d e ter111inant of t h e need for \Y PA jobs
is, of co urse, th e numb er of pe rs on s wb o are
m1<1ble to sec ure priYat l' e rnpl oym e 11t. \ ·ariou
co n;;idrratio11 s, li oll'ever , m dify the relalionsbip br t11·er 11 t he total numb e r o f un e 111ployed
and t he numb r r o f jobs provid ed I y the \\' PA.
Amon g the ·e ure the seas•mal increa ses in n eed
5
HE\ lEW OF Tl:iE 1YPA PHUl:H.L\[
CHART 1
whi rh nppNtr 111 t h e " -intrr
ESTIMATES O F UNEMPLOYMENT
111011 t hs 110( 011 ly bec:1 use of
January 1936 - Jun e 1939
curtni lnw 11t of outdoor <·011M ILLIONS
MILLIONS
OF WORKERS
OF WORKER S
. trurtion :1C'li,·ities nnd ,1griC'lll - 16
---i 15
------t ur:1l ll'Ork hut :1 lso bec,1u se of
14
14
i11 r· rc':1sc's in the s ubsiste nce rrq uirr 111 r 11ts o f f::inii lies du rin g 12
12
t hr co ld 111011tl1s o f tli e ~-e:1 1·.
10
Sirni l:1rl_v t ill' rxle nt of n eed i1 1 10
rural ,1r0:1s is not ade 1u:1te ly
8
---8
h o,n1 by t he com·ention:1 I
6
---6
m :1su r0s of un0mpl yment.
Like"·i:,w, not all of t he un em4
4
p loyed J)('J'So ns ar0 eli g ibl e for
\\' P.\. "·ork: so me ,we in familit>-wh r(' :111o( h r member ha s h ePll
as ig ned lo n 1Yl' A proj eC'l:
1936
1937
1938
1939
ot hers :ll'e r lig ible for u11en1plo., ·m e nt co mp ens:1tion benefits;
that man:- persons "·ho had lost t l1 C' ir job prior
and , till ot hers, co n titutin g a ro11sidc r:1h le
number of the unemplo.,·ed, li,·e in f:1milil S
to that t in w rel it'cl for ,1 \\·hi.I on u nemplo:rment
where some ot her m ern ber ha s n pri ,·:1le joh
compens:1tio11 p:1.'·mr nt s, ' :l\·ings , :rnd ot lwr
rrsources. C'ontinu d fa il u re to find new emupplyin g t he f:~mily " ·ith in co m s uflici ' nt lo
plo)·mC'nt 111:1cle it ne<·ess:i ry fo r 111:111 _,, to ,1ppl.'m eet Ii vi 11 g costs .
.. \J thoug-)1 lh rse and m any ot he r fneto rs modJ'o r ass is l:irn·e . O t he r fa ctor. " ere :i lso oper:1tivC'. Alm ost li:ilf of th e inC'l'l',l se in \\'P.\.
ify the 1· l:1 tio nship bet\\·een totn l un employemployment from .July tlirnu g l1 OC'lohe r ocmr n t :rnd th e n eed fo r '\YPA jo bs, tli e mo,·ement s u1 un employ ment rind 11- PA e mp loyment
cu rred iJ1 the' so uth e rn ' t:1tes wl1cre Ll1<' incom e
re:1 lized from ti 1<' C'otto n cr op w:i s so s m,1 ll t h :1 t
base gene r:1 ll y p:nalleled e:1ch ot l1N n1lher
close l:v rv r , iJ1 ce the program reaC'li rd full
it beC':1 me nc'c·ess:1r.v to prO\·iclr tern por;tr:·
deYe lop ment ea rly in 19:30 . •\. n ot ic·r;1 hlc differemplo:·m ent for se ,·e n1l hundred t li ous:rnd l,1ence bet"·c'en th e t ,rn appe:ll'ed in t he f:1ll of
bore rs and te na n t farmer . ln addition, the
1936 wh en t he assignment o f l:Hge numbers of
dr,·:istati.ng li11rrir:rne t hat st r11ck ~<'". J•.ngemergen <·:· d rought " ·or ke rs ra used :1 tem porn ry
land in Se pl<' mbC' r I \'l:3R oec:isioned t ir e mpl o:·incrc:i sr in \\' P.\. emplo:·ment in t ire droug-l1t
ment of t l1 01 1sn ncl s of emcrge 11 C'y " -orkers in
talc's :it a Lime when gen er:ll unr rnp loyment
ord er lo C'a rry out t ir e rehabi lit :1tion :1.ncl reconwa s de('n :1s u1i,1;. (U n emplo:· mr n t estin rn tes fo r
s truction tlrnt. wn ;;; mnd C' necess:1 1-y b)· l ir e Jnrrrith e p ri od ,J:rnua.ry 1936 to .J un e 1n:rn :tr<' sh o \\71
ca n c nrnl flood s. Alt l1ough ff PA e mpl oymen t
in 'h :1 r t I .) Th e mo,·ernents o f u11 e111plo,v111 r n t
ront unr ed to rx p:111cl for so me tinw ,t fter th e
and \\' PA r mplo.n11 e nt de,·i:1trd tc' 111por:1 ril y iJ1
peak had been rP:1ched in unemployment its
th e ' urnm er and ea rly fa ll o f I \):37 when t he
s ubseq uent ckd irw durin g t he sp ring nncl e,i rly
amou nt of fund s an1 il able for the o per:1t io n of
c;u rnm C'r of I \H\l "·n.:; more rnpid t h:111 t h drop
the prog ram llHHle i t necessa r.'- to clC'C' reasC' \Y P.\.
in unernplo:-ment th0n taking pl:H'e.
employment at a much f:istcr r:ite th :111 11ne111plo.'· menl w,1s dropping. .\.not her di,·crg-c'n<·e
Labor Turn over and the Return of WP A
a ppen rC'd in thC' second li:1 If o f Hl:rn wh e n t he
Workers to Private Employment
need of tl 1C' tuiemplo:· d fo r \\. Pr\ work c·o11 ti.J1u r d ,1L 11 high level for so me mont hs :ifte r
Th e WP ,\. prog r:1111 is adm ini s tered n ot onl,v
uncmp lO_\' llle n t reac hed i t pea k in .June l \:J:3 ~.
to dist ribu te' it s r mpl oyment mos t c' fl'( <·lin,[y
The C'O n(inu ed ri e in 1YP.\. e mp lo_v ment ,1ftcr
in te rm ' of n ell :ll'is u1g o ut of unemployment ,
,June 1\:-l:~8 is :1ttributahle iJ1 p:1rt to the !'net
1
1
1
1
6
REPORT OX PRO ,RESS OF T HE ,vP A PRO ,R.UI
hut also to f:iril itatc th r<'cmployment of it
"ork r s in pri, :tt<' indu s tr!· · Prrsons emp loyed on \\TP. \. projrrts 11111 s t nrnint::iin artiYe
rrgistrat ion with thr p11hlir r rnpl oymcnt agenric designated by the l ' nit cd Statr. l~mplo!·rnent Sc1TiC'e. Th e reg ulation s of thr \YPA
requ ire t h::it honn fid e job offers from p riYate
emp lo!·ers pro\·iding re::i sonahlc wag rs and
\\·ork ing conditions must he accepted by proj ec t
\\·or kcrs and, at the same t ime, pro\·idc thnt a
\YP .\. emplo!·ee who k:ffcs a project joh to
accept pri,·,1te ernplo)711ent he prompt!)· rea ssigned to \TPA \1·ork if t h e priYntc joh pron
to he of short duration through no fault o f the
worker :rnd if the worker is s till in need .
E\·id enre of the close intrgr:ition of the prog ram "ith unemplo!·ment cond itions ::incl thr
trend of prin1 te employment is to he o hsc1Ted
in th e exten t of l::tbor turnoYer on \YP . \.
proje(·ts. The net clrclinc in emplo!·ment OYer
t he year ending· .lun e 30, l 9:30. docs not mea s ure
the tot:11 n11mbcr of p ersons \1·ho left the prog ram . During the 12 months '.? .-1-00.000 persons \1·cn' artuall!· added to the 1\T .\. progmm;
th ese inc-ludrd 1. 050.000 who h ad ncnr hrfore
rcrri \·eel 1Y PA emplo)711ent. The decline in
1YPA emplo!·mcnt in the fore of :2,-!00.000
assignment is aC'countccl for b)· th e foct that
a total of nhout 2,800 ,000 \1·or kcrs , eparated
from 1Y PA jobs during the s nrnc year . Of
thes , OYer J ,.5 00.000 sepnratccl -volunta ril)T,
ch icily to ta kc pri,·:1 te empl0)7llcn t.
Th e labor turno-vcr that is present in the \Y P.\.
prng rarn has no tc,\·orth!· imp! ica tions. 1 t means
that t he indiYiduals employed on \\·ork projrcts
are :1 con..;tantl)· changing g roup . Th e extent of
tunH>\·e r is the primary facto r influen c ing the
dunition of the r rnplo!· rncnt of \Y P \. \\·orkers.
,\. s11rYC)" to determine the length of c011tinuou s
cmplo!·mC'nt on '\YPA project..; conductC'd in
February rn:rn l'C'YC:1led that 70 percent o f th
p rsons then r m ployed b:· the W PA s tarted l h eir
projrct \\·ork during the tlC'prcssion period beg i1111i11g in October 1937. Only 17 perc ent had
been e mployed continuou , l:v for th ree )·ears or
longrr. The aYerage duration of continuou mploymcnt for a ll person s on proj cts at t hat time
\\·as ,-, [i g lttl)· more than 01H' year , a lthough the
program had been in opcmtion nhout three and a
half years. Breau e of gradual ch ange in the
composition of the uncmplo)· NI population it-
. elf, it i:,, 11rcc:,,::.:lr:· each month for the \YP.A to
a ssign person s \1·bo ha,·e ncYer pre\· iou,-,ly been
employed on \\' PA project . B)' ,Jun 1939, a
noted a l OYC, onr 7.000,000 different per on
bad nt one tinw or anothe r been uppliecl wi th
emp loyment 011 WP.A projects.
W PA Projects
Practical! !· :111 \\' PA-operated project h::n · e
been initiated :rnd :,;ponsorcd by tate and local
public agencies. "' uchFederall_\T- pon ored proj('Cb as the \Y PA ba s operated baYe neYer accou 11 ted for more th an a Yer_Y rn i nor share of
\\' PA :1ctiYities; t h ey h aYc been of ewn les
im porta nce follo 11·ing the passage of tb e E RA
.\.ct of 1939 whi ch prohibited the pro "ccution of
\Y P s\. -sponsor ed projects . ~pon or shi p of projC'ct s by the comm unit ies in \\·bi ch the \\·ork i"
conducted a ssures t hat th e project ,\·ork is in
acco rd with t h e exJJr essC'd need, of the communities. The influence of local condition al o appears i11 the operntion of projects that are in
keeping wi th th e occupationa l abi lit ies of thP
worke1"" proYidcd 11·ith 1YP.A employ m ent in
the communitie:-;.
To rerciYe :tppr oY:1I for \\'P . \ oper ation
p r ojects mu s t he public!!· s pon sored nnd in volve
us<'ful work, the bcne!-its of 1d1ich ticcrne to the
public. Project s for ,\·ork \\·hicl1 \\·01Lld di place
persons normal]!· employed by the ponsor ar e
not elig ible for approY:ll under th reg ulation
of the \ \TA. ~'unong ut h cr factor giYen considrration prior to the apJH'OYal of a proj ct i
the s h:ire of the costs. particularly the nonlabor
costs, that is assumed by t he pon sor.
A lar ge rcsen·oir of appro,·ecl prnjects is contan tl!' mnintained from which nppropriate
\1·ork can be selected for op<'rat ion in order
th.1.t conditions a risin g fr om the changing
cm ployment situations in t h e Y:1riou communities can he inunediatcl.\· met. Th e project
scledcd from the r csenoir of apprcwed project
nnd placed in operation in res pon c to th
Yar!·ing needs of indi\·idual communitie h an
coYC rcd wiclcl!· di\·erse acfo·itics. R oad and
s trrct impro,·cment h in-e been undertaken in
all parts of the country. Th e er ect ion or
reno\·ntion of publi r buildin gs, th e extension of
sanit:ltion and 1rntcr ' Upp!)· facil itie , and the
deYclopment of p:1rks and playgrounds ha-ve
RE \ 11!: W OF THE WP. \ PRO(:J. .\.\l
I e n prominC'n( among the oth er c·m1,,lr11dion
,1 tint1 "' :\'oncowtruction "·ork Jrn s ,·:Hied
from c"·i.n g room operations and h usckccpiJ1g
:1 id e projPcts to health , r ea rcl1 .rnd l'dt1C':1tion:1I
:1ctiYitics.
Physical Accomplishments
The 1111 lo:n11 ent of WPA " ·orkers 011 pni.it'<·t ,-;e]ected for th eu· conf rmit)· to loC':11 rwt'ds :1,"·ell a their suita bilit)· to the work :l hilities
of the uncmplo)·ed h as re ultecl u1 signifi l':rnt
improY mcnt. :md nddit ions to tl1 c puhlic
fnci.litic :1 nd pu hlic en-ice throu gh011 t the
count1T. Bcc:rnse road :md -tre l "·ork h as
heen ,;a rti cu lnrl)· appropriate for proscC'ution
under :1 prog ram who e objective is lo l'urnish
jobs to the mn xunum number of workrrs nmong
wh om 1m killed "·orker. predomi11<1tc :ind hecause of th marked need for better rond s
nncl trcct. in many - ct ion of the country .
t he nccornpli ltm ent m tl1is t) pe of ncti,·it)·
hnY been c pccinll_y out tandmg. l n the pn " t
year alone (l 2 month endmg Jun e 30, Hl39 )
~11pr0Yemcnt or n e\\· constru ction "·ork \\·a,;
com pl t d on :1bout 111 ,000 miles o I' hi gh wn)·s,
rond , nnd s t reets. A l:Jrge shm·c ol' t he c·om pletecl milr:1gc is repr esented h)· th e rn:1d work
done in I'll ral area .
During the same year 6,!00 n 11 public· buildings ,1·cr~ compl eted. Th e:,.e building,- ,·:Hy in
t/pe acto rdin g to the specific n ed . of t he
s ponsoring cornmw1it_y. Th e.,- include man)·
school:,., admini trnti,·e buildings, muni cipal or
county gara ges. nnd gy mn asium . and s rn:1 Il er
n urn hers of ho-pi tal ' , arm o ri es, fire houses, and
aircraft h:rngars. B esides the n ew bui ldin gs,
oYer GOO build ings were enlarged by th e addition of n w ll'in gs , suc h as the additi on of ne,1·
cla sroo rn s or a library to a school ; :rnd irnp r·ovcmcnt . often i1woh· ing nhljor altcrntion --. 11·r n ·
made to 17 ,000 cxi ' tin g structures.
lrnporl :1nt co ntri butions haYe a lso IH'en n1:1dc
to the \\,ll r s upply and anitary f:il'ilitiC',- nf
the Ya ri ous mun icipalities of tlie country .
L' ually thi s work i1w h ·e tbe xtcn ,-ion of
. ewer sys tem s and th ons truction o f di ,-,pos:11
plants ·o r Ilic layin g of 11·atcr m:1i11 s :111d th e
con s tr uction of rcsc1-Yoi rs to ,-; upp l(' 11w1ll <ll' n' place xi s ti1w fnci lit ie . Octa ' ion,1lly , li o11 t'\'l'r,
7
.l llO l T .\ F I FT II OF TII E :\'E \\' BU Ll >IXO;o; EllE<" l' E ll llY
TJII, II P .\ ,ll!E S ( ' IIUOL N-TIII S 0;-;'E IN IX C.\LIF U H,' l.\
nn entire 11':ll cr di st ributi on o r sc,1·crngr ,-;y,; lcm
ha s been ins l:ill cd t hrough ff PA opcr:1tio11 s in
to,1·ns \\'h ich h:1 vc prcYiOLkiy had no suC' h f:i ci Ii ties. ln t l1 r field of reercation:11 fnc·ilitirs ,
1\'P}, \\·orkc rs c·omp leted in one )' Car t h dcYcloprncnt or impro,·cment of approxim:1kly
'.? .000 parks c·ovc ring about I00.000 :HTt'S, :rnd
built hundred s of athletic field s. playgrn11nd s,
tenni s co urt,;, s\\'imm in g pool s, and fncilitics
fo r ot her spo rt,;. Fl ood a nd eros ion co ntrol
work and c·o 11 scn ·nti on acliviti es h:wc been
cxten iYc in cc rtnin sect ions o f th e co untry .
In additio n to the work in t he con s truction
field , ,d1ich has a l\\'a)'S predominated in th e
1\' PA prog ra rn . m,111 )· t)·pes of noncrn1,-trnd ion
\\'Ork ban' been undertaken . ' c\\'ing room
operation s l1:1 n ' produced millions of g:nnH'nt s
for di st ribution to need~· fami li es. Otl1 er sctTiccs of p:1rtirul:1r benefit to the welfare of I011·income or IH'<'dy families a rc t he lun cli c,-; scn·cd
to schoo l C' li ildrcn :111d ho usekeepi ng :1id prov id ed :1 t limes 1d1cn the us u:il l1orn c111:1 k('r is
i11c:1paeitalcd . I le:1 lth me:1 s urcs pnimoted by
'\YP,\ activities includ e dC'nt:11 and medi (':ll
tlinic \\·ork. immunization s :1 g-:1ins t ()l'Cvalent
di hca ,;c-, and s te p,; taken to11 :1nl ,; the' dc's tru etion of mosquitol's and ot her di sc:1 sC'-s preadi11 gagcnts. Thrnu g-11 cdu(':1tion prng rnm s \\ C'II o, C'r
a million :1d11lts h:1,·e lc,irned to read :\IHI 11 ritP
and many forpi g n-born person ,; hnvc l'CC'l' in' d
as,-,is lan ce in qun lifyin g t hcm,-cll-cs for citi zl' nsliip . ~\lt ng-PtliC'I' tl H'"!' nnd ol li n it C' 111s of 11o rk
rcp1·c,;c1ll :1 ,-; ubs t,111tinl i1H·rcm t'11t to tl1l' 11 :1tio11:il
11ealt l1.
PROVISIONS FOR THE WP A PROGRAM
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1940
:,ctinn cau . rd m:1jor drnn gc.
C in the ,YP.\ pmg-rnm
at th e beg innin g of th<'
ONGRE:,; ,· 10 KA L
new fi cal year on .July 1 , H):39 . ~ome of the
c ha nges \Vere requirtd by pro,· is ion contained
in th e Emerge ncy Relief }.. pprnpri~1tion ,\ ct of
1939 \\·hi ch :1ppropria.tecl fund R for continuing
\\'P.\ aetiYities luring- t h e fis ·al )' ear. . \m ong
the more impor tant proYi s inn. a,fl'ecting the
program of the ,YPA are those whic h determine
the levrls of employment during th e yenr, th e
co nditi ons under ,\·hi ch reli ef work ers can be
e mployed nnd paid , t.l1r s izes and kinds of
projects that may be opernted, .1,n l t.hr con tributions required of project spon;;or:-. .\ lditional ch:i nges res ulted from Renrgnnization
Plan No . l , which was pre pared by the President
in accor lance ,\·ith the Reorganization . \ ct of
rn :39. \\1ien the plan went into effect. on July
1, 1939 , it grouprd t he \YP. \ a long with ot h er
pub lic workR agencies under a newl)· e. tahli s hed
Federal ,,·orks 1\ gency . In di . cussing the proYiRio ns for conti nuin g th o 1YP.\ program in the
ne,\· fi sc nl year, se lec ti on is mad e from relrYant
mn,ttcr ront:,ined in t he r eorganizati011 plan and
t.he :i.ppropriation act.
WPA Placed in the Federal Works Agency
Th e new Fecler:tl \\'ork s .\ ge ncy , ns exp l.1inrd
by the Pres ident in trnnsmitt ing Reorga ni zatio n
Pinn N o . 1 1 to Cong- res,;, \\·11 s to include " those
:1gencies of tl1e Frdrr.1 1 (;oYe rnm ent dealin g
1
The pl au w as prepnred pur:-.ua nt to !l ie Re orga 11i1nti on .\d of IH39,
3P!H'o\ed .\.pril 3, 1~:m ( Pul ► li<.- Hesolul ion
~ o.
rn. 7Gth Con ~ress) .
\\·i th public works not inciclen ta l to the norrn:1.I
,\·ork of oth er department , a.ncl which adrnini tcr Federal grant s or loans to tate and local
goYernments or other age ncies for th e purposes
of construction." Grouped with the II orks
Prog:res . \ drnini trntion (renamed th e \Tork
Projects . \.clmini s tration ) in th newly er ated
Federal \\~ork. Age ncy \\'ere the Bureau of
Public Roads of the Department of .\ griculture,
the Publi c Buildings Branch of th e Procurement
DiYi ·ion of the Trea ury Department, the
Branch ofBuikling j\ fanagementof the N a tional
Park e1-Yice of th e D e partment of the Interior
(so far as it wa concerned \\·ith J ublic buildings
,\·hich it operate I for oth er departments or
age ncie ), the · nit ed States H ousin g Authority,
a,ncl the Feclernl Emergency Aclmin istration of
Puhlic \Yorks (familiarly knO\rn a P"IT". \. ). The
National Youth . \ dmini s tration forme rly in t he
\ YP.\ \\·as tran sfe rred to the Federal Security
Age ncy.
Tb e enra l unit s of the Federal Work
Agency are h ea ded I y commissio11ers (Public
R oad , Pub lic Buil ling , Public Works, and
\York Proj ect Adminis tration ) and an \ dminis trator CCnit ecl States H ou i.ng Authorit)·) .
The com mi sioners ::ire appointed by th e Adrn u1 is tra tor of the new consolid ated agency
and, with the United States Hous ing Aclmini trntor , ser ve under th e direction and s upen-ision of the Fe leral , Vorks Adminis trator. The
Federal \To rk Administrator i r e pon sibl e for
the coordination of actiYities wit hin the ngenc:c
13_\· sp ec ial action of Congr e Plan To . 1 \\·en t
PRO\' IS l ON
FOR THE WPA l'ROGH.\i\l DL' RIN(: T H E F I SCA L YEAR l 910
into effect on Ju ly 1, 1030 .2 011 th :lt elate . :-I r.
,Jo h n 1 1. Ca rmody \1·ns nppo i11 trd Fede r.i i \ \' o rks
.\ dm in is trntor and Col. F . C. Jl:1 1-rin g ton , 11·'1 0
h ad heen s\ dmini . tr:1tor of t he \Yorks Prog- r<'ss
.\ dm inis trntion became C'ornrni ssion er of \\'ork
P r ojects.
Appropriation to the WPA
T he \YP ,\ progrnm is being cn rrie1l forn·:Hd
du ring th e fi sc al )·e,1 r unde r t he nut h ori ty of t he
I~rn erge nr_'I' R elief Approp ri .1t io 11 Act of 1ti:rn. 0
T h e :lC't pro ,·ides for t he eo 11 tin uat ior 1 of t he
\\'PA t hrou gh .J une :rn , 1040 , :i nd makes :l\·:1 il nhle to t he \\'PA t he s um o f $1.-!77 ,000 ,000 ,
toge t her 11·it l1 hnl:rn ce, o f \\' P.A fun d s r em:1 i11i ng
from t he E R A Art of Hl:3,. T he approp rinlio n
of ."l ,cl-77.000.000 fo r t he ye:H rontemplnl r d :in
aYern ge \YPA rmp lo:·ment slig h t!_\· in exr <'Ss of
2,000.000 person s. T hr :1mount i1ppropriated
for t he ,vear is o ne-t hir d less t hnn \1·ns p rO\·ided
in t he precedin g year (:1bo ut $2,250,000,000 )
a nd r e 1uires n emTespo nd in g r eduction in
,1vernge emploYm en t.
T h e np p rop riation to t he \Y PA , as in t he
ca e of appropriat ion s to ot hrr agen ies undN
the ne t , mu s t be so ,1p po rt io 11 rd and ndrni nister ed du ring t he L:2 mont hs of t he fi sca l ) ' C':11'
a to constitute th e tot:1 1 nm ount that 11·ill be
fu rnis hed over th e peri od for the purposrs of
t he act. lt is fu r th er prov id ed th at n ot m o re
tlrnn , 50,000,000 (less t h:111 :3.cl- percen t o f I he
WPA appropriation ) mny hr s pen t h_Y t hr
\\' PA for ndminist r atiYe purpose 11-it h drfi11ite
restri ct ions p lnced 011 tli r ,1motlllts thnt ma:·
be expended fo r sa lnri<'s, comm1111ic:1t io11 s<•n ·iee, trnYel, n nd pri nt in g- :1 11d bind infr
T l1 e
Comm issio ner of th e W PA is g i,,e n 11ut l1 orily ,
s uch n he had unde r t hr l~ HA Act of tl 1L' prl'ced ing year , to :1ll ocn t e \\' P. \ fund s (up to
'fi0 ,000 ,000 ) to other F edl'r,il agencies for t li e
prosec ution of work pr ojl'C·ls sim ilar to t hose
o pr nit ed b_\· t he \\' PA. T hese F ed eral prnj<'d s
arr to be carried o n und er rul es and regul:itinns
pre,;c rihed b:· t he C'ommissionrr ; in 110 cnsr,
bowrYC'r , rn ny mo rr t h,111 cl- pc' rc·rnt of th e ,111 0Cfltion h s pent for :1dn, i11i s tr:1live expensl'S ,
no r m a)7 th e per centage of nonrrlief perso 11s
on any of t he F eclc rnl prnjects finan ced II it li
• Public· Resolution i'\o. 20. 7fHh C'onj!res.~.
3 Puhl!<· HPsolution No. 2L ililh Cong ress, np1iro,ed Jum• ·m. PJ;{U
9
tra11 s fl•rr<'d \\' I' .\ f1111d s rxc<'rd IO prrcrnt of
t li l' tot.ii 111111ilH'r of person s e111 ployed .
Types of Pro jects
T l1 r fun d s :1p p rn pri :1tl'd to t he \ \' P1\ und e r
t he 10:.rn .\ et nrr .11·.1 il nble for ll1e prosc'c· ution
of proj ed s :1ppro1·ed by the Pres id n t 1m d er
prior EJL \ a\.<"l s :i nd for th e prns1'<' 1l(io11 of :1
varietY of Federa l :md non - Fed<'rnl puhli e
proj ects subject to t he apprn,·:1 1 of t h e Presid en t . Jn speC" if_v in g t h e difl'Nc'n ( kin d s of
proj ects tli nt m:1y he c·1mdu1·t<·d li_v t li r \\' PA ,
tli e act lis ts n e:1rly .il l of th e 111:1 11.v kinds of
wn rk th at h :1d pr e ,·i01 1sly been don e 11ndr r tl1 e
:tgen cy . These mny he u mrna ri zed 11s fn lln11·s:
h igJl\rn)'S, ro,1ds, :rn d s treet ; p11h lic bui ldin gs;
p:1rks and othe r rec re:1tional fnc ilitic,s; electrie,
se wer , :ind \1·:1ter s_vs tern ; :1 irport s :1nd otl1er
trnnspor tat io n fnC' ili t ies; flood eont rol, d r:1 i11:1 ge,
irrig.1 t ion, n n cl conse1T:1 tion ; and ed 11c:1t iom1I,
pro fession a l, eleriC': 11, cu l tu r :1 1, rene:1( ion:d ,
pr och1d ion , nnd se r viC"e p rojects. 4 Jt is required th at , insofar a:,; it is prnd if':l hi , prnj eet
wo rkers shall he en1p lo)·ed on pn1jrcts nc'a n's (
t heir respec tiYe hom es.
A number of n ew prO\·ision s in t he a c l
defin e :rnd cirC"urnsc·ri he th e proj ect \1·ork t li :1t
m,t)' he proseC" uted. It is p resnihed t li nt no
fun d s ma)' he mnde :11·:1 ilah le for th e oper:1 lion
of :1 th eatr e pr oject, n or mny fun d s be S])l' lll
nfter .\ ug ust :3 1, I 0:rn . for th e oper:1 t ion o f :rn_\·
projpc t spo nsored solcl)· by tl1e \ \' P.\ . Fund s
ma)· no t b exprnd<' d on tli e cons truction of
an)' F ed e ral h11ildi11 g th e totnl es ti11111tl'd eost
or 11·hicl 1 exceed:,; . ·.50 ,000 , or on tl 1e c-onstruttion o f nn)' 11 011 - 11\'d l' l':ll build in g o f 11°lii !'.11 th l'
port ion of t l1 e lot:i I C'stim:1 ted co::-t p,1 .1·:il >ie
• ~(•<·l11m I { h ) ~pec1fil'S ·· 11 11.!11,\ays. road :-;. a11d s trrels , puhlit· hu1ltl·
inl,!s; park s, nnd other n·«·11•a11onnl fnr1ln1e:-., 1m•\11d111g hu1ld111l!:-. 1lw1 l'lll,
puhlle ut1l1t1es. eleetnC' trnll '.'-llll'-:-. 1011 :111 d d1...,tr1hu11011 Ime s or :-;)sl 1•111 s to
~L•ne 11t>r:-,ons in rural arP<l'-, 111d1111l11g proje<•f s spon '.-ic HL'ci h) a11tl for tlh.'
hent•fit of non1•rC1fit and 1·01111(.•1at1,e as..;:oe1auons; .se\\c>J syste111 s, \\alt'f
s u pply. and purific·nt1011 sYMt• 111s, air port~ and other
lal'ilit..1rs;
trn11:-.p111tat11111
tlood
con I rol ; dra11Hl~(•; 1rril!Hl ion: ('OJl!-,t•n at 1011, md111llll!!
projt•c·ts s111u1so red h~ t·n11sl'l\llllo11 d1qr1c-ts 111d otlwr hod1rs dul) or•
t.!Ulli1ed under Stau~ 1~1,, fn1 soil t•ro:-.wn ('ontrol and t·o1bt•na1ion. pn~ft·r·
hl'lll l! l! I\ en lo JlfOJl't·ls \\ ll1t·ll \\ ill 1·0111 nhut(' to 1 IW n.•haliil11 .111011
of ind 1, iduab and an 11wn•n.., ,• 111 tlw 11n1ional 111c·n111t-; erud1rntio11 of
111seC'l, plant, nnd fu 1q..: 11s IwsI s, thC' pr odut'tto11 of \Jmr a nti marl for
t't1t't'
fnt tl11111 g srn l for d1st11li11L11111 to fHrmrr~ UIHh.~r :-. 11<'11 1·0111l1t1on:-. as 11111)
Ue determined h) till' :-.po nsor:-. of st1<"h projed :-: un<h•r thr pro, 1s11111s or
:-- t tllt'
la", edul'atlonn\, prufess 111nal. den('al. l'tJI I 11ml. re(·reat 101:al.
produc:tion , and -.,en IC'(' JffOJl'<'I.;, 111l'ludin~ tra1111m: fnr domestll' SH\ Ict~.
aid to self.help and c·uo1 H'rnl I\ C' asso('ia1 ions for the h(' Il('fit or uePtl)
11ers1 111s; and misc·ella11eous 1m1Jeet:-; . ··
10
HEPOR'I O .\' PHO(:RE S OF T H E \\'P ..\ PRO GHAM
frnrn F0d('l':1 l fund :-: ex<·<'<'d :-: $0:? ,(HlO, un k :-::-: t lw
buildin g i:-: oil<' '·( :1 ) for wlii<"li t ir e prnj0c·t k1::h00n :l ppro n 'd by the Pre:-: id ent o n or prior to
,Jul _,. I , I !:J:3\:l, or for whieli an i:-::-:u e of bonds
Jin ,, bee n approYecl at an elPction h eld , on or
prio r t,o s1J('h d:1t 0, o r (h) for th e compl etion of
w]ii (' !r fund s l1:1,·p he0n :1lin<":1t0d mid irrevoc:1 hi~- ct :1 sid e under prior relicl' :1 ppropri :1tion
.\ C'ts. ,,
~<'1·er:1I spe('i(-ic limi t:1 lio n,; on pmject net iviti es nre conti nu rd in tli P :-:nmr or slig htly
c-!1:1n gr d form by the ElL\ .\ ct of rn:rn . \Yi th
t lr r 0xce ptio11 of ::w thori zed flood co n trol nnd
" ·n tnr c·on se1Tation projects, no F ed era I constnr d ion proj0et can he prnsee11tecl uncll'r th0
net unic':-::< funds s uffi c ient for it. cornpktio n
Io r, wit. Ir minor
a rt' irn:woca hl y set aside.
h)T :1.ny ag0ncy
eel
u,
he
s
fund
m:iy
ex<"<'pt io11 ,,
ri 0s 11"11ic h
f:1ctn
or
mill.
pand
ex
or
to rst:1h li sl1
n " ·it lr
comp0titio
in
s:tle
for
le.
produce :H ti('
pri,·:1le ind11str)'. Otlrer sedio ns prohibit t lw
us0 of funds :1ppropri :llrd by t h<' ac-t for n:1,·:1I
Y<':-:,-0ls , :1 rm :1ments, :incl m1111rl1nn s or for
111ilit:1ry o r n:n-:li fo rc0s and prt'Yl'nt t l1 0 pro:<<'cution of non-Fc-der:d prnj0c-ts cit':-:ig n0d In
co ns truct. or improYe pe n:1I or rcfor111:1 tory
i11,;( it utin 11 s unl l'ss t l, r Prl'sident find ,; t lr :1.t
t l1 0 prnjC'f't,- wi ll 11ot pr(ll11ti! <' (li e r·n 1111H'fitinn
of pn1du<·( ,; of ('O ll \' ir·t l:1hnr ll'i( l1 prod11<·(,-, ()f
f I'(' {' 1:11 )( ,r .
Financing of Projects
~l'Y(' r:1\ illlp()r(,111t II('\\- J)l'!l'\'l c, l(ln ,- ,ll"(' [<1 IH'
f011nd 111 t h<· :tel <·11 11 c(' l'l l in g t Ir e n's p<'din•
pa r ts t" hl' pl:1yl'd hy s p,111 sors a nd hy t lH•
\\"P.\ i11 t lr <• fin:1n('i11 g of prn.i<'d s. 011 :111d
,1f(<'r ,):11111:Lr_\' 1 , l\l--1-() , " 11 ot to ex<·crd t. l1re\'fou r l lr ,; of ll1c• lnt:tl c·(ls l of nil 11011- l ◄' ed<> r :1 I
pmj 0rt ,; t l1 N<':1ftc' r appm,·!,d to h0 1111d0rt:1k<·11
\· ,; t:1lc• sl1 :1ll h<• honw hy t l1 P
11 it l1i1 1 ;111 _
. . ."
l'11ifc'd ~ ta[<',;. Tl,i ,-, prn viso due,; 11ot 111r,111
tlr:d e:1d1 :-: po 11 ,;or in :1 g iYen s lntt' 11111 ,; f l>C':ir
at le:1 s ( (>11 <•-fourth of t l1 e co,; ( of 0:1!' 11 :111(I
CY<'ry prn jc•c-( : t l1 !' ,; pon ,-(lr,- in \':1c-l1 ,; [:ill', l:1k<• 11
:i s n, ll'l111l e, l1m1 <'Yl'J' , mu ,; [ co11 lrih11l!' :it l1' 11,;(
OIH'- fourtl, or t lit• (,o[nl ('(1,- j in (li e ,; (;de• pf :ill
OJWl':llion :-: of 111111 -Fl'ciPl':l i pr(l.i<·C'l:-: appr111·(•d
hy t l1 1• Pn•,; ide11l ()I! (11' afll'I' .l:11111:1ry J . I \l--1-tl .
In , it•11 uf ()[ l1l'r prnYisi1111 s of tlr<' :I('[ 111aki11g
th e ( 0111 111 i,;si, 111c•r r0,; po11 ,; i hie !'or (le ll'l'lll i11 i11 g
1
t ir e ;1clt'quacy of spon ors' co n tribu t io ns, it
h,t,; hec'n dct ermin cl th at in sofar a prnctic-n hie :t i! operation in eac h t,1 te after .J n, nua r:·
l , Hl.J-0 , wi ll be o con lu tccl that spon ors'
ro 11 tri l>11tion s 11·ill he equa l to at least onefourt lr of t he total cos t of a ll 11 nn-F ede ra l
projN·t s.
1t 1:-: f'trrther provided t hat ex pe nditu re
:,ut ho ri zatio n of F clernl fund s in an_y s tate ,
tN ri to r_,,, possession , or th Dis t ri ct of C'olumhi,1 fo r ot her t lrnn labor osts of 1YP.\ projects
:-: li :i,11 not exceed an average of $6 per mon th
per worker during t he fi scal ~•c,1.r endin g .Tun e
:rn , 1040 . The Commiss ioner is emp011·erecl
to r a is<' t he a,·0rage to as muc h as . 7 , th e
111 :tximu m po sihle under the ER .\ .\ ct of
I \l:38, on ly if and to th e exte nt ju t ifi ecl by
inC'l'e,1s0d cos t,s of mate ri als. Tn t his connection t ir e rn:39 ,\ ct requ ires t lrnt co ns t ru ct.ion
oquip111ent and nrnchinery mn:· not he purd 1:1sed by the \\"PA if th ey cn n he rented at
n',1 so n:1h l0 price, a, determirwd hy t he ( 'omm iss io,w r of 1York Projects .
:--: o 11 on -Fedeml project can 60 pros0cuted
undt• r th0 new act (exce pt, under Section .J-Pue,·to l-{ieo R econs tru ction Admini s tration)
u11t1l t l1 c s pon so r lias :1greed in writin g to [·inn.n ee
,;u<" li p:irt ol' t li c' total cost of t he projut as t he
ht':1d of t ir e l◄ ed e rn l ngeney in que, tion " det<'nni11cs under tir e .ircums ta nces is :111 ndequ.1.te
rn11tribut ion t,1kin g into con sid 0rntion t he
li11:t11\'i:d :ibilit:' of the s po11 sor. " Th0 he:1d of
t Ir <' :1 g-c•11t·y i :tl so directed to drn ft regu lation s
rl'g:ml i11 g t he 1·al11atio11 of co ntribution s in
kind h_,· proj ect spu11 sors c0Yeri11g the use of
f:1c- ili lit•s , eqlr ipment, and ser l'ic0s of t he empl()n'<',- of s po11 sor . Credit is to be a ll011·ed
\ lid\' lo t lr t' extent, t.lrnt t,he furni sl, in g o f such
(·011t ril>11lion s r0present a f-innnc·ial hun len
u11tl<'rl:d, e11 by t he spon sors on account of t ir e
J)l'llj<'C'I S.
Monthly Earn ings and Hours of Work
Tl 1<' ~:1,A Ad of 19:39 in S0c tio11 L">(:1 ) introdut·<·d impnrt:rnt modific,1tion s in t l1l' mo11tlrl,v
,,,·IH•d1rl<' of ea rnin gs of J roject emplo.Yt't'S and in
l l1 P 11u111hn ol' hou rs to be worked per montl1.
' l' l1 <' li r,;l of two g·encral prov isions rcl at i1 1g to t li e
11ulllllii,v !'arni11 gs of person s emp lo_\·t'll on
\\' !'.\ projPC't s dir0C't ed the Commi--:-: io11e r of
PROYI 10.'.\
]l
FOR TH E WPA PROGRAllI D RIN G THE FISCAL YEAR 19 -l U
Work Projc t to fix a month!)· ea rnin gs sr hr cl LLle " which sb a.11 not llbs tn.11li 1ill y a ffr cl Lh e
cmTent national ,n-Nagr l11 bo r ('O t per peron .. . '1, and t he seco nd intrnduced t h e principle that "after Allg u t 3 1, l!:i:30 , s uc h rnon llil y
ea rnin gs sch ecllliC' s lw II not be vn ri ed for wor kers
of t he same type in d ifl'r re n t grog rnp hic,1 I ,1rt'ns
to any gr eater exte nt t h :111 nm)· be jus tified by
differ en ces in th e CO ' t of li vtn g." A t hird provi 10 11
ets th e wo rk 111011th for proj ec t r m plo)ree at 130 hours nnd requ ires th at projt'rt
employees s ha ll n ot work more th an
h ou rs
per da)' or 40 hours per week . Exception s to
the fo r egoin g limi tat ion s 0 11 monthly ea rnin gs
and hours of work ma_v be 111:1,d r in the (·;1se of
relief \\·orkers ,\·i t h 11 0 clepe nd r n ts \1·h o, if they
nre required to work fe \\·er hours, nre to r ecein '
correspo ndin gly srn nller e:1 l'lli11 gs a nd also in
ca e it i neces ary to prot ect wo r k a lready d one
on pr oj ct , to permit \\·o r kers to make up los t
time, to ca rr.v o n em e rge ncy \\·o r k irffo h·in g tir e
pllblic we lfare , ,rn d in t he c:1s<' of super visory
per onn e l emplo.vrd 0 11 projec ts .
A r evi e l ch edulr of monllil)· ea rnin gs to
take e ffe ct eptem ber 1, 19:30, \\":1 ' iss ued on
Au gu s t 15, 1939 , 11fte r tudy o r ,1ll compnrnbl e
cos t o f li ving dilt:1 nv<1i l;1blr for both nrr:1I :ind
urban ,H ee s. As is t ru e of t'n rlie r sch edu les
und er whic h work e rs h aYe !wen paid monthly
ecu ri ty \\·ages sin ce th e in it iation of the \\' P.\
prog ram , t he new scJ1 edu le prm·id r s fo r rnontlil y
e:1 rnin g, t h at \' ,l r)' :icconlin g to th e reg- ion o f
the country and tl1 c d g re r of urhnni z,1t io11 of
the cou n ty in \\'h icl1 tl1 e~· work . (See nccomp:1 n)ring sch edul e of mo n t lil y earnin i.•·s. )
Different wages a rr pnicl fo r di fl' Nr nt cb ,;scs o[
work in each co unt y in n r eg ion . in accord.m er
\\·ith a o unt_v sc hr clul e tli :1t d e pend s on th e
1930 popubtion o r tl1 e l,ll'!!c>s t municip,1 li L)'
\1·ithin th e co unt .v. Exception s ,i re 1rn1d t' in
th e cn se of 19 lnrge metropolitan ,11'<':l s :i s
defi n ed in the I 9:30 Cen s us o f Popu la t ion ; in
ac h of th e e th e wag-e ch rdu lr of t h e co un ty
\\7th t he lar ges t rnur1ic ipality ,1pp lie to lli r
entire m e tro po litnn a re,l. Th e p ayment o f
imil:1r wages in e ntire mrtropolit,l11 arc.i s h,1d
earlie r been accornplish ecl in mnny cases by
conhg uity ad jll s trnrnts .
T h e n w clwdule , hke th t' on (' it r e plnc cd ,
nrnk r u e of thn' <' \1·no·c mt 0 r eg1011s. As
sho wn in th nccomp:1 nyrn g map , " ·,1ge H vgion
T ABr.ri
1. -
Sc rr EDLTLE o ,,,
M oNT flLY
E A RN I NG>-1
WPA - l<' JNANC lcD P1l0.I EC1'H
F. ..' F'EfTI\. E
, EPTE\I BEH
I.
o,
19:m
\\' age Class
C'ou n lh•s in \\'hirh t lw 1930
Populat ion of tl1e LorgPs t
\ I 11 11icipality \\' as:
100,000 and o, l' r '
2,1.000 to 1011,IMK)
5.IMKI Jo 2:i.lMI0
l ' nd t•r ,1.(MI0
Unski lled
"13"
Un s~,'.~~.u
I ntermecliote Rkilkrl
$52 (Ml
1, 10
12 \JO
$5,. 20
~1;, !Ki
and
technic.-n l
52. (JO
62 10
$W 70
'1 \JO
·lh 10
57. 211
74 10
" ;;i
7fi. j'(l
~ 2. \.10
52. !MI
ti7. fi0
l)h HO
I
It)(),OOtl and o, l'r '
25.000 to IIHI.IMIII
5.000 to 25.IMIII
l ' nd,•r 5.t XI0
Proh•:- sion al
~H I !J(I
\\' ag,• H l'g1on 11
52 IJO
,n
·1'
-I ll Ill
I .,4 20
I
49
"-,f ~ l tl{I
,i• . !ltl
fl, 20
52 00
.111. 70
•10
112 10
fi l 10
,1 !JO
79. 30
SU ~II
if>. 70
~, fl()
I
XI HO
ib. IX)
1
\\' ag-P H,•g 1on 11 [
100,000 and on·r \
l f-i. ~}
42. !Kl
'.Hl. 111 I
3 I . 20
25.0IHI tu 100.mn
.1,()()(1 ln 2S,1Xltl
Uncl<' r
s.ono
.'i{). ,0
4, 10
Ill. 30
35. 10
fl l Ill
!'17 211
·I ~. 10
42.
uo
I
79. :{O
7-1 Ill
',} \NJ
i ,'l_ Ill
fo2 -10
H.'i. lKI
5.'i. \HI
I
54. 60
\\' a~e l·frginn I C1)11m·<·!1eut. D,•l:.1wan' . D istrie l ofCol umh ia. llllno1s,
Jndia na. Jpwa . K an sa~. ~\ l a11w . .\l·1r~l and. ;\J a."sar·hu:•w ll s. ;\Jic-t11 gu 11.
;\ I innt•so ta. ;\ J 1sso11ri . ~t·hrask a, ~l'" fl ampsh1n•. :'\l'w Jt: rst•Y , '\' 1•w
Yo rk. North D a ko ta . Ohio. Pl•nn s ylvnnia, Hhod,• Is land, ~outh J) aJ.. o la
\ 'e rmont. \\\ •s t \ ' ire:inia, \\"isC"onsin
\V ng' Rp gioo 11 ., ri zon a. raliforni a. r o lorado. I daho, .\l onlana,
Nl' vacla. New 1\ l <. ,ico, OrpgfHl. l' la h , \\' as hin g ton, \\' yomi rrn.
\V aj!C' H l'g ion I IT , la hn nrn. ,\ rka nsa.:: , Fl orid a, 01·11r!£1n. °Kt'nl1H·k,v.
L ou isiana, l\ 1ississipp!, -~ or l 11 f'aro lin a, Oklahnrnn, ~outh Caro lina,
'l"'t." n rlt' ~SPP , TL)\'. aS , \ "1r~dnia .
1
'Tlw sclwdult"' of 11\onthly "~H 111n gs applitahh.• Lo C'ountlt•s 10 whieh the
rn:{o popul :.1 1iun of tlw ltHC!t'Sl rnunir1pnlity w as 1110,000 or m ore is a pphcn hl,· tn t ht· Pill in • art>A inc· luded "it h111 tlw follm, ing- 11wtmpolitan d1 <..;triC't s. as s11rh di .:: tnet s :Ht' defint.>d In· lh(.• 15th C'l·nsus of th e l ' nitPd
S tn11•s . nno· Bnltinion·: Bos ton ; Buffti ln-N 1agarn; Chicago: Cincinn:1t1 ;
C l1·Y<'h1nd ; D etroit ; K ansas C'iiy, Kans.- K: ansa.s C' il y , I\ l o. ; Los An gl'h
l\ l 1\wn ukP1.' ; ,\ l in111·npolis-~ t Pa1 il : NI'\\ York City-North easte rn N('"
Jrr<..; 1•y: Philn<l(' lphin , l'i I tshu rt! h . l 1 ro, id1~ncr - F:1I I H in' r-New Bt'd fo rd : St.
L o11 is: S:111
F'rn,wi s<·o· <)ak 1;::inri: RC'ran l on- \\"ilkt'S· HnrrP :
\rn sh111 g ton, I) C' .
1
-; ;
l in c lird t'S t h r nort lr 0:1 s t 0rn and no r th-c r n trn l
p:Hl o f tlw cot111lr_v ; \\' ngl' R cg i n U , t he \\'Ps tl' l'll s t:1t rs; a nd \Y:1 g l' R egion LI] , t h e sou l11 C' :1 s tt•rn ,rnd , 011t h-ct•n tr:1 l sect io ns o f t he c01111tr)' . 'This divi s ion of t hl' col 11 1l ry into w:ig t'
rnt l' rl'gions n ' pr<'SP 11ts a suhs t:111ti:1l clrnn g·
fro m t ill' divis ion pn' v iou sly in Pfr<'C't . On l11 0
e,1 rli l' r h,1 sis, 1Y:1g<' Rl'g ion J i11 c l11d <•d t he norl hl' l'll :1ml \\' {' S tl' l'll nn' :1 s of lh l' co11 nl1y; it \ \' US
se p,1rat !'d from l hl' t hird n 'gio 11 co mpri sin g t ill'
s011l lH',1 s t1'l'II :ind sou tlr -<·Pntrnl s l:1t<'s b)· \\' ,1 g<'
H egion 11 , ,1 til'r of s t:1 t <'. rt111 ni ng \l' <'s tw,ll'd
from D Pl,1\\·:1n', ~Lnr_v l,rnd , ,rnd lh l' l)i tri l o f
C'o lumbi:1 :111d inc·h rdin g 'IY Ps t V irg ini,1 , p r:1clic:il l)' ,1 11 of K Pntu c k)· ,ind ~li ssouri , J\.a rts!l s.
Okl:1l1om:1 , ,111d a Sl'dion in the north\\·c-st pnr t
of '1' 1•,a .
12
RE P OR T ON PROGRE S OF T H E 1V PA PR0 <3R.U'1
CHART 2
WPA WAGE RATE REGIONS *
Effective September 1 , 1 939
* The schedule ol monthly earnings Is shown In T able 1.
T h e eo11ntie~ in c•;1cl1 rc•gion :H e d is t ribut ed
amon g fou r u rb:111iza tion g roups h nsecl upo11 th e
siz1' of t bc la rges t mun ici pali ty in r nch r o1.m ty.
Co un tic•s com e wit hin O il (' of t h e fo ur g roups to
which cliffl' rl'n ti:ds in wn ges apply d <'pcnd ing on
wlll't h er t he l:u g1·s t ci t)' i n th e coun Ly b ud
100 ,000 or mo re• ill li :1hi t:111ts in HJ :30 , hdw re n
:2.5, 00 0 tlll d l 00, 000 inh :1 bi tan ts, lw twcc' n .5 ,000
:1lld 2.5 .000 in l1 ahi t:rn ts, or less t b nn :),00U
ill lw bi t a n L . C'o nsoli cL. tion in to a sin g]<' cla ss
of t lw hrn gro upin gs (2.5,00 0 to ,50 ,000 an d
:,0 ,00 0 to 100, 000 ) thnt wer e pn•sent ill tli c
1·:1rli l'r sc lH·duk i,-, :1 si.rn plif-ica tio n warrant ed b)·
t h e• r d at iYl'i)· 111ill or clifl'c·n •nces in the co- ts of
li vin g: in ci(i1·s comin g 11·itl 1in th e hroa cl cr gro up .
It i. sign ific,rnt to n ote th a t th e cl ifl'Pn 'n ces
<•xis ting in th e 1\'est b et,,·ce n t h r cos t o f ln-ing
in sm all tow ns and th e ('0 t o f li Ying in l:u-g0
(' iti es ar r t)· pica ll)· lrss than sim ilar diHeren c·0s
in ot h r r sPd io ll s of t h r <·n untr)·.
wPA
~ 30
T he n e11· sc hedule continue th e differen tiation by d egr ee of skill th at was conta ined in
th e old sch edu le . Three of th e categories, in 1·olvin g interm ediate , sk illed , and I rofe si nal
and te chn ical 11·ork, are m aintain ed ; t h e old
uns kill ed clnss, h owever , is diYicled into two
cla sses-uns kill ed " A' ' an l un skilled " B ."
T he un s kill ed " B " e la s inrl ud es work of :1
simpl e n ature re q u iring li ttle edu cation or
training and for 11'11i ch p roficienC)' may ea -il)7
he acqu ired . T h e 11· rk of t hi ch s is not
li aza rclo us and d oes n ot r equ ir e heayy p hy ic:11
labor . C b an,·oman, fla,.:man , se arn s tre s, janitor , and nwssenge r se1Te as ill us trat10ns of
th e O<T upations t h at l' Om e 11-it hin th e un killed
" B " da ssif-i ca tion .
Alt ho ugh t he reduet i n of th e n umber of
u rbnn iz,1 tion g rou ps is offset by t b r increase in
th e number of wage classes, t he n ew wage
schedu le acco mplish e- m uch implifi e.1tion in
PR YISION
FOR T H E WPA PROGRAM DURING T HE F I 'CAL YEAR 1940
th e wa ge pnyment , tru cturc th rough t he elimin::ition of adju s tment ' th nt l1 :1d been in fo rce.
Th e new r hedule effec t :1 s ubst.111t i:1l incr ea e in iVPA m onthly errrnin g, for wo rke rs
in th e o uth e m s tate . U nskilled w:i ges in
rural cou nti es of the So uth nr e in c re:1scd from
'26 .00 a m onth to eith er $3 1. 20 or ." :).5. 10 dependin g upon the type of un skill ed wo rk .
Compnrabl c i11 cre:1ses apply to ot her gro ups o f
countie - in th ose havin g cities o f 100 ,000 or
more pop uln tion the new uns kill ed r:1tcs a rc
'-!6. , 0 and .".50. 70 a m onth , ::i s :1g:1 inst t be
e:11·li er rnt e of .'40.00. Upwa rd a dju s tmen ts of
about the nm e mn gnitu le we re aL o mad e fo r
the ot h r kinds of work in the Yariou s urbaniz:1 tion g ro ups of R egion III.
In t he no rth ern and w s tern st at es gc ner:1 11:·,
onl y sm all chan ge r esult from t he new sc li r d til e
of mon thly e::irn in gs. For sonw :1re:1 s wh ere
co ntigui ty or oth er adju s tnwnts h ave bN'n in
eff ect t her e nre slight r duction s . In cities of
\\' age R egion l having 100 ,000 or more popul:1 tion , for exa mple , th e un killed wage "A" rnt e
is ." 57.20 as ng::iin st the prec edin g bnsic rate of
."5.5.00 which , a a r esul t of nd,iu stmen ts, h:i d
been mi eel to $60.50 in cer ta in pin ce . L:irgt•s t
in cr ease in v\Tagc R egions I and JI ar c prnYid (•d
in the lcs populous counties of t he \Y e t. wlw r e,
a alrea dy not ed, the co t of livin g i not n
much belo w th e cos t of liYin g in urban co unti es
as i t i in other part of th e co un t ry.
Labor and Emp loymen t Prov isi o ns
Th e sec tio 11 s of t he ERA Act of' I 03\:l d c·nling
with cm pl oynwn t nnd eligibi lity of work ers
requir e t lrnt no r elief worker 5 is to be rct:ii,wd
on t he v\TPA program , nor is any reli ef work er
to b e given cm ployment, unl ess hi s m'l'd for
mploym cnt bas b en certified eith t' r by a
locn l public r elief agency or by t he \YPA. Th e
Commis, io,w r i further directC'cl to ca usl' a
p eriod ic in vcs t ig:1 tion of t he m il s of r<' lid
cmplcl)' <'es on \\'PA proj ec ts and to Pli n, in :ltl'
fro m th e ro ll. those not in actua l ,wed . Th t'SP
invc tiga ti on arc to b e co ndu c ted o as to
~ Arlm1111 strat i, c pra ('t il'e requi res t11ri 1 nt it'tl:-.1 Hf, pPJTt" nl oft ht•,, or kers
on C'flC'h offi cial proJeet sha ll he pC'rson s "ho are l"t'rl1fied as in n1..~rd :--; , ate
1
ad1111 n1strntors are aut hori 1 d to e\empt a.dd 1t1onal ,,mkers from l he
ce rtific-ation require111eI11 if 11eees~ary to ass ure the opt'nllion of :-;ound
projec·ts: hm\ e, er, t hr num ht•r o f noncen ified ,, orkt•r :-. on n prnjt•c.·1 ma~
not e\ceed 10 pCrl'enL and nt least 95 percent of all projl.'d employees w 11 hio
t•ac-h s1n1e mus t he persons C"e rt1fi d as 10 n ed
13
ensure a ch rck in g of eac h en , c nt lrast one
n'ry , i., m onth s.
Th e n ew prin ciple is laid clown in th e act
th:1t. a far a, pn1 c tic:1 bh, . pr efer ence in employin g work er on \\.PA projects or r etai nin g t lwm
in employm ent is to b e bn secl on relatiYe nc('d . .
\\'h er e rcln tivl' n eed s :H'C found to be th e sa m e,
prcferc•nces slrnll be ::iccorckd , a wa r eq uired
und er th e pn·eeclin g act, in t he f0llowin g ord er :
(1) U nit ed St:1u ,s vctC'nrns ,vh o are in n eed
nnd a r c Am eri c:111 citize ns; nnd (2) o th er Anwric,111 ci tize ns, lndi nns , and oth N person s o\\·in g
,1 ll <·gi,1 ncc to th e U nit ed States w ho a r c in ,wed.
.\.liens are n ot eligible fo r employm ent on
prnjccts prosec ut ed und er th e Ac t of 1939 :rncl
person s who have not m ade ,1ffidaYi t as to
C nitccl Stntcs citi ze11'11ip tll'' not to reeein
pay und er th e net.
A n ew provis io n, effective no t later than
Au g us t 31, 193\:l, c::i ll s for th e removal from
employm en t o f all relief wo rkers, with th e
ex!'eption of vetcrnns, who h ave been continuo usly employed on proj ec t for m ore t bnn 1
m o nth s . iVorkers so remo,·ed are n oL eligibl e
fo r reemployme n t on iYPA pr ojects until 30
days aft er t heir rcrn ov:1 1 and un t il th ey h ave
been r ecertifi ed as eligibl e for employm en t .
Th ose p erso ns in ncc<I \\·ho re fu se bona fid e offer
of p ositions in pri,·ate employ me nt which th ey
are ca p::ible of performing (und er reasonabl e
" ·orkin g co nditi o n. a nd at p rcn1 ilin g wages for
s uch work in th <·omrnunit)r) ,He in eligible for
\YPA employm ent du r ing t l1 c period " ·hen
s ud1 private empl oy men t wo uld h ave been
ava il able. As in previous ERA Ad s, it is provided tlrn t WPA workers who take private
employm ent nnd Jose , ueh empl oym e nt t hrough
no f:rnlt of t heir own are entitled to imm edin tc
resu mpti on of t heir previo us empl oym ent
s t:1tus with t he \\' PA. S uc h workers, howc ,·e r,
m11 st s till be in need and rcc111p lo)'m cnt is
.: ; uhjcc-t to th e n " . :s tntutm·~· prm·is ion (:1lrendy
in force under :1d 111ini:st r,1t i,·c rnlin gs of t he
\\"PA ) t h:1 t l li e person scckin r· rcin s t:1 temen t
on \YPA p ro jects mu s t first li nve draw n all
11n crnplo:·rnc nt <·o mp ensa tion pn)' rn cn ts Lhat
11 :we :1cnucd to him :ind wh il' h :uc avail able to
him as a res ult of hi s priv11t e empl oyment.
KH"h of t he agc nl' ies op ern ti ng projects with
fund , :1pp ropriatccl b)· the ERA Act of 19;39 is
nut ho ri zcd to d('tN111in r wl1 cl hcr perso ns are
14
REJ>ORT ON PR C:HE
a hl e to perform t heir proj ect work and n o
person in (' ap:1 hie of pNformin g ' :l tisfadory
\\·ork m,1y be assign ee! o n a proj ec t.
Other Provisions
T li e firs t of a se ries o f pro,-ision s in the 1939
ERA Act mnkc it a crimi11al ofl'en sr to so licit
co ntributio n for p litin1l purposes from perso ns ha,·in g employme nt under the :1cl. Th e
seco nd makes it a crimin a l ofl'e nse to promise
employment or ot her bl'n efit s m:1de possible by
th e ac t, as a reward for politi ('a l nc ti,·ity or to
clepri,·e o r threat r n to depriY r nny person o f
be nefit b ecause o f r ace, cree d , cnlor, or politi cal
act1nty. "" uhsequ ent pro ,·isio ns prohibit aclmini s trn l i ,·c and upe1Tis0 ry perso ns from usin g th e ir ofli ci:d a uthorit.,· for influ en cin g
politi cal elect io!l s, and fo rbid t he pa~rrn r lll of
a.lnry or ex pen , e ' of any ad rninis trntiYe o r
supc1Tisory employer " ·110 is a andidate , or
the campaig n manage r o f n candidat e . for a
ta tc o r local ofli ce paying a sa lnry mid rcq uirin g full-time sen ·ices. Y a rio11s f\rc tio11 s of the
act d eal , in som e detail. with m :1tters relatill g
to :1dmin is trntion and ,1dmin ist rnti,·e nnd sup er,'i so ry empl o_,·ees. .A mo ng t he net 's ot he r provision s ar e those concernin g employee ' comp e ns:1tion, property d :rnrnge claims, r eceipts
a nd coll ec:t ioll s, cstab li s hnw nt o f reYo h·ing f11nd
in co n1H'cl ion " -it h supp lies :tnd equipment , and
fal st' st al ellll' 11ls :rnd frnud .
Appropriations to Other Agencies
Tn additio n to t.he ap prop riation to the 1\"PA
of $ 1.477 ,0 00 ,000, th e El-U.•\.ct of 1\-139 co ntain s nppropr int ions for seH,ral other ngr ncies.
T o t lt e Xalional Y outh .\ dmini s tra tion is approprin trd .· 100 ,000 ,000 fo r t he fi .;;c :ll !re,n 19-H}
togl't hcr wit h b:11:lnres of pre,·ious :tpprnprintion::, . TIH•se fund are to be used to prcffide
part-time wo rk nnd trnini ng to llCl'd)· !·011 ng
p e rsons wli o nre llO longer in regular a tt endarn:e
OF THE WPA PR GRAM
at r l1 oo l and 1d1 0 b an been un a bl e to o bt ain
emplo)·rne n t. a nd to enn ble m'ed)- young perso ns to continu e th eir education at srh ool ,
co ll eges, ,md uni ,·ers i tie . An ,lppropri,1 tion of
$ 1,1:3 ,000.000 toget h e r " -ith tl1 c bnlnn ce. of
unohJiga ted fond s i 1rn1 de to the D epartme nt
of Ag ricu lture. Tht'se fund nre m a d e aniila hl e fo r eon tirn1ing to pro Yid e rum! r eh abilit :1 lion a nd relief to needy former a nd relief to
o th er ne d~' per, o ns through lo a n , grant , project
\\·ork, :rn d debt adju s tment prog ram condu cted
large !)- wider th e Fnrm Sec urity Admini tration. Th e Pu rt o Rico R econ s tru c tion J.. dminis tration recci,·es an appropriati on of ."7,000 .000 , toge th er " ·ith balance from it pren ou
,lppr o priati o ns , to continue it rnrnl re h:1b il it:1 tio n :l1HI project ncti ,·ities i11 Puerto Rico.
T o t he Bureau of Indi an .\ ffoirs is appropriat d
•· 1,::ts0 ,000 to pro,-id e relief a nd rur:d rcl1abilitn tio n for needy Lndi:rn s.
Fund fo r ndmin~ tratiYe exp en. c in e urrecl
by nuiou , F ederal :1gencies and bureau s in eiclcntn l to th e earryin g o ut o f the purpose of
t he ad nre appropriated as foll o11·s: General
Accountin g Ofli.('e, $.''i ,22.5 ,000; D epartm ent of
the Treas ur)· , ." 1-1 ,.-g ,82.5 (Procurem e nt DiYisio n , Brnndt of S upply, ..5,2 00 ,000 ; DiYision
of Dis bursem e n t, .-2, : 00 ,000 ; On ice of t he
Trea;;; urer , $5 7.5,000 ; Sene t Servi ce Di,·i ion ,
."2.50,000; Ofli<- e of Commi s ioner of Acrnunt
nnd D eposits nnd Di,·is ion o f B ook keepin g a nd
1\"a rran ts, .'.S,9 7:1, c 2.S ); Buren u o f t he Bud get,
$2o, 17 .5; Public H en Ith Se rTi ce, .·:rno,ooo; and
C i,·il .\ e rnnauti cs .\. uthority , ."2.50 ,000. F o r
paym e nt of meclicnl a nd bospit:1! c· are a nd disahilit? a nd d e,1th C"ompcns ation for p ernons
injured " ·bil e at \\·ork , ·s,2:50 ,000 is mad e
:1rni l:1bl e to t he Un it ed States Ernp lo.vecs'
Cornp e ns:1tion Comm iss io n . Lndudin g the ,Hlclitinnn l appro pri at ion s made to the Exen1tiYe
Oflic-e of the Presid e nt (."c .50,000 ) a nd t l1 e
National R eso urc es Pl a nning B onn i (." 7.)0 ,000 ),
t he total fund s sp c<· ificn ll)- pro,·id ed in t he
ER.A J.. e t of 1939 a m oun t to ·1 ,755,600 ,000 .
WP A PROJECT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
AND OPERATIONS
of 'IYPA project \\·ork are
Tfound in eYiclences
a ll part of t he country. Atlapt ed
.-\NGIBLE
to tbe particular n eed of the m:111_,· cities, t0\\7ls,
and rural areas, t h e a cco mplis h ment s reL1lizecl
through 'IY PA operations includ e large numbe rs
of \\·idely varied public impron' men b, nnd public ac hieYements. Among the ,\·e:i lt h of project
accornp lislnn -nLs are many ne\\" or improv ed
public bu ilding , m or e adequate road and t reet
sy s tems, new ai rp or t s, impro,·ed rccrcationn I
grounds, additiona l se ,\·er and wnter faci li ties,
an itat ion and health m easure , and Yariou s
kinds of owe1Yation ,tnd fl ood control \1·ork.
Non ·onstru tion " . rk lw s contributed dothing and ot her necessary Lrtides to fnmilic s in
need; it has proYiclecl leaded1ip and in s truction in r ecreation and in adult and ot her kind s
of education; it lrn extended public hc:1ltli
serYice , mad e possible th e improYemcnt of
public r ecord s, and upp lied information of
general inter es t thro ugh trnHic , 11:1turn l reou r ce, and r e en rch and s tt1 ti. tiC':l I s u rYc_vs.
ign ifica.nt e 1Tice ha w nLo b t'll p1m·idcd
throu gh th e n r t , mu sic, t h c,itn' . \\' riting. :ind
his torical r eco rd s projects of th e 'v \'PA.
'IY ith t he exception of n Yer~· limited umount
of :B eclernlly initiat ed w ork , 'IY PA projects nre
unclertnkin g. that are prop osed by t he s t:1t e,
cit~' , count~· - and oth er loc,d go \·crnmcnt s of
the communities ,\·h er e th e \nffk is ca rried on .
pon o rs hi p b~, uch bodies inYoh ' es not on ly
the initi, 1 phinnin g of th e ,rnrk but nlso th e
a ce ptan ce by th e spon so r of p,nt of th e rost ,
particula rly t li a t incurr d in pro\·iding s upplies ,
nrnteri,1ls. equipment , an I o th er no nl abor
items . In o rde r to be a cce pt.11 le for \\' PA
operat ions projects mu s t . L1tisl\' tli e n1riou s
eli gibilit)Tr equir<'rnent s. These ,1re built around
the progrnm 's b,1 sic object i\·r of J)l"OYicl ing \\'Ork
for th e unemployed o n useful publi c project s.
A r eser vo ir o f :1pp ro,·ecl proj ec ts is on tinu ,, ll y
nrnin tainecl from which the WPA se lect s for
active o pe ration su c h projects a s are mos t
s uit ed to the s kills o f the unemployed person s
aY nil.1hle for ;1 ssignmcnt and th e work r equirem ents of t he nrnn~' communities.
:-l ost \Y PA undert,1kings are con s tru ct io n
jobs. Proj ec ts of t hi s kind :1ccotmted fo r m o re
t hnn 21.500 of t he . 1,100 \\' PA undct-t:1 kin gs
in operat ion ,1t t l1 e end o r ,Jun e 1939 . ln t erms
of cmplo~' lll nt con truction proj ects \\'Crc eYe n
more importnnt sin ce co ns truction undert.1kings proYided ,\·o rk for about 90 per ons per
proj ec t ns ag,1in s t nn averngr fo r ,di types o r
act i,·ities of 78 \1·orkcrs prr proj ect. Almos t
8,700 road and s trrc t con s truction projec ts
nlon e ,\·ere in opcr,1 tion ,1t th e end of th fi sc,d
)rr,u , with nn :1Yrr,1gt> l:ib or for ce l>I' 120 persons
per proj ec t . Besid es its c·on s truction \\·ork th e
\ Y PA wn s eng,1grd in 0Yr r 7 .400 \\·hi te co llar
projrcts ol n trio us kind s :1 nd ,tlmos t '. . .200
sc" ·in g project s . (Sec Tnhl c 2 .)
T ot,d ex pr nditurrs on \ \" Pj, project operation s throu gh .Tun e :rn. HJ:3~). amount ed to
$7.!i 7o.2-5-! .0 00 . l ndudecl in the ,1ggrcg,1te \\"ere
. '6 .:3 7:3 A 17 .000 in F ctlcrL1l f uncl s of \\"liich :drnos t
nin e-tent hs ,\·:1s use d in pnyrn<'nt of \\·,1 gr, to
project \\·orkcrs . •'i..s note d :mcl di cu ssed bclo,\·
15
16
REPORT O.\" PRO ,RESS OF THE \YP .\ PROGH.\;\I
TA BLE
2. -
N C1 ~1H BH or ,Yo HK
TU E
" ' P.\ .
P,w.rncT-. 0PLl!\TED BY
Pl{()Jt~('T-. \
BY T YPE,-; OJ·
A~ OF
Jt
'\F 21,
IH:m
:--umher of
l'roj-
T) pt• of l'ruJeCl
::\umllt'r of
Typ1· of ProjPCt
Jlroj-
•·<·ts
t•tts
.\.irport s aud othl'r trn11:-.237
portation faC'1ilt1t•s
and
roads.
Bi1• ll\\ ays.
.\ irport s
S lrt'4'lS
roads
O t he r
____
·
ErluC'ational
3. JS:l
l. l(:S:!
3. ,5;-11
\\ hilt• collar
Edut~ll ion
Hc•tn·atitm
Park s
and-.;l•n·iet•
Conspn ·a t ion
J,2f>-l
~l'"
s1on. or n•\ i,11111
nnnwnt
!,.,Ill
ArC"lit•olm!ica l 11rnjt•c:1s
ll orru.• ,·eonomieo.;
191
Ft•dl•r a l
);o. I
C>tlwr
I. 073
Proje('t
321
11-l
2. 509
S1•\\ i11c:
Sl'Wl'r SYStt•ms
I. 429
Otht·r .
I.Oi,O
Sanit·Hion and lwalth
::\[iscPllan1•t1t1'-
_
Goods. o tlwr than s<.• w ing
A
2. HO
sen ·-
itl'S
St udil'S and sur\"l'YS
1•r S) sll•ms and o t twr
ut1htirs
____ _
or JIU bli(.' r P('ord~
E,tt•nsio n of )!o\·-
2,025
953
1,012
335
l m,tallation,c:\ll' □ -
'· 79-1
2. 9.'>-l
Otlwr
Flood tont rol
Other
:l!-l
J>rof,•ssi,,nal. ckrical ,
Parks and othl·r n.·tn·ati onal faciliti es
17G
fil
" 3\"S
P u hhc· hu1l<hags
Other ____ _
air-
(ltlwi-
Farm-to-markl't anti
olht•r Sl'l'Ontla r y
Streets and ulh•\"S
arid
age11C'ie li11:tn(' ed \\-itl1 trnn l'C'rred \Y P.\ fun l
or for the\\ ork project :rnd - tudent aid program
of the NY.\ .
lt is t h e purpose of the sec tion s th at folio" ·
to l'e\·ie\\' llie \rnrk project operation of the
\\' P .\ , Jilli.ng i.ri th e broad outlin e l li at ha b een
- ugge~ ted. Tlie d iscussion deals ucce si Yely
\\·ith tbe wo rk accomplished , t b e nunner in
wh ich p roject operntions h aYe been carried on ,
:rnd tb e nuious exp enditure that baYe been
made . li:mplo~·ment on \\'PA project i r \·ie\\·ed eh,e\1·h ere on pages 9 to 107 .
'.?. 15'-I
7.'lh
'-120
471
Data apply lo c·onum•n tal roiled Statt•s.
on pn ge 30 , s pon sor s pn)\·ided .: J ,:30'.Ut3 7 .000
of t he tot,d . contributed prin cipn ll y in t b e procurt'm en t of su p 1 lie and equ ipment. The
project ex pend iture tot,11 relnte on l:'- to projects opC'rated by the \\' P .\ :rnd do not includ e
expenditun's for undert,1kings of other l1' eden1l
Physical Accomplishments on
WPA-Operated Projects
.\ n irwentor~- of tll \1-ork completed on \Y.PA
projects mu s t i.ndud e a count of s uc h di Yer
phys ic.i i acC1)mplishments ac th bu ilding of
ro,Hls and bridges. tbe e rect ion of huildi.ng , the
in s tn Ument of 1\·ater s uppl_1T a n d nni tntion
)Ts tem , th e c reation of recr e,1 tiona l facili tie ,
and t he \\·ork performed in se1ving r om and
t he ot he r nceom pli hmen ts in the non eon truction field . Some indication of t he amount of
th e d ifl'e rent kin cl of \1-or k is . of course, to be
found in th e m a n -h ou rs wor ked , t he n umb rs of
per on cmplo~·ed at succe siYe period , and
t h e fund s expen ded on the sewra l t:'rpe of
prn jects. B ut because .;;uch information in
\11' 1-ll l lL ' I ,- 1.11·_\C,E lJJ,pu,- .\ L l'L .1:--- ·1 , cu:--TH I Bl-TI·. :---oT .\BLY TU ~ll.,X!Cll' .\L F.\ 'I LJ T!E,- I X .\I\;-(\ CJ T!E;S
. \;'(IJ TU\l'X:l
17
\VP ., PROJ E T ACCOi\lPLI SHi\IEXTS AKD OP ERATIOX
each ca e nrnke u se of a common d <?nornin:ttor
it provi le at bes t only a Yer indirect m en · tu·c
of t h e m.rny ace rn plishments.
For a t ru e im·en tOJT it i- n e ·cs a1T to defin e
ancl obtn in in fo rm :tti<->11 on a num b~ r of (·o mparatively broacl classes f \1·ork whi('h as a,
group a r able to co \·er t h e gc ncn1 l field f
act1ntie . Each dass of a(' ('O mplishrnent mu t
relate to . om type of a e('omplis lun en t t h at is
ob jectiv and mea s urable , co,·c rin g- t hings tl1 at
are at leas t ro ug h ly s imilar. Sin ('c t he nurnbcr
of la es mu t not I e u nduly large, irwentor y
can b e take n of o nly t h e irnport:rnt kind s ~f
accompli hm ents. Qu11 li fi cat ion s s ueb as li ave
been sugge ted ar e in herent in nny i1w en to r y of
p rog;·,1111
p hy ic-a l ac-c-ornpli hrn e nt fo r a
of acti \·i ties .
In t h e followin g disc-u sion of th e ,\·ork ('0111pletecl t hro ugh WPA project op e ration _ two
kin ls of in\·e n tory inform a tion are used. Th e
fir t relate to t h e work done on t l1 e ·w PA ('Ontr uction pr jects tl1a t \1·erc ('Omp le ted durin g
th e year e ndin g Jun :30, 1939, and t h e t l1 er
to th e w rk accomplish ed on a ll projects, in cluding con tru ction ancl non c-o ns tru('tion undertakings and comple ted a nd active project ,
from the beginnin g o f 'iYPA aC't iv iti es in Hl 3.S
th.rough Jun e 30 , Hl 38. Th e firs t is o f se n ·i('e
in h o \1ring the r ate o f complet io n fo r important
kinds o f acc ompli s hm e nts durin o· a re('e n t
period , on a n annu al or a clay-to-da;r ba sis, and
t he se ond , t h e m agnitud e o f the p hy si(' :) I a reompli hm nt totals for t h WPA program
" ·h en ·umulated over a p eriod of alm os t t hree
~rear .
,;road
Accomplishments on Construction
Completed During the Year
Ending June 30, 1939
Projects
Con st rn c tion pro je t of th e 'iYPA were
fini h eel at th e rate o f 70 per d ay durin g tli e J:2
month s ending Jun e :30, 19:39. Th rougl1 tli t'se
proj ec t s th e 'iYPA in cooperat ion with spon sor mo- agencie h ad m ade ren cly fo r puhl ir u e
a pproximately 111 ,000 mil s of 1ie\\· and im ])J'O\·ed hig hway , road , an d treets, 6,-100 11 e \1·
building. , 2 ,130 miles of new wnter m ai 11 s '
3'.2 0 m ile of n ew C\HT lin . , and many o t l1 cr
kmd o f n ew a nd recon diti ned public fac ili tie .
The potential b ncfit accruin g to the public
.
.
T ARLE '.1. - :,.;ELls C'TED 1TEil :S O V P11 YS I C'AL A C'( ' O\I Pl, l :S ll ;\ll•;;>1 T 01' \\ ' PA- OPEHATEO Cn'1:-;T1tUCT 1ox P1t0JE <'T S
Co ,,1 PL ETEO D lf lH N : Trrn Y 1,.\H E/\D1 NC: .J UNE 30, 1939
'l ' Y Jl('
or C'o n ~lrn<: 1011
N(' W
I, Hl a
4, i92
2. 2a,
2, lfi3
2,
121
2. 3:ll
tll
101, 1411
93, 21!;
-
Jm pro,·ed ____ __
~,o
from th e many kind s o f ac-l'omplishrn ent, " er e
\\·ides pread t h rou g hout t he country.
H ural road s of th e farm-to-;11nrket type
ac('ount cd for a large s ha re of t h e 1 l l ,000 miles
of ron d and s treet s th at were fini sh ed on th e
projects " ·lii ch wer complet ed durin g t he yea r .
An a \·erage f 255 miles of unpaved road s cons t r ucted or impr Yecl pe r day we re inclu led
a mon g th e project accompli shm e n ts of th e
WP A. Pa,·ed road s an d s treets were compl eted
at the rat e o f 27 miles per day. As may be
noted in Table 3, abo11t h al( of the p~nd
mi leage \\·ns 11 ew con s tru<:t ion work ; th e nc\\" lY
paYecl s t reet s in citi es nncl t he ue\\·ly paYe~I
road s in rural a reas we re abo u t equn l in length .
'iYPA accomp li shm ent s in th e line of ro nd
and s tree t a ppurtenan ces inclucl ecl t he co 11 s trn ction of 17 ,000 n ew brid ges and Yiaclu •ts
nnd th e ren ovation of 8,.5 10 durin g t l1 e ~' ear48 nml 2:3 rc ' p cti \·ely o n n. cla il_y h:1 s is. Approx imately rn2 ,700 c ul n r ts also wcr i11s ta llcd ,
T .\llLE -±. -SELE 'TED TTEirn O f' PHYS I CA i, A c ro M PLIS Tl ~lf~:-1 1' ON \ \'PA - 0PERA 1' ED CoN~TR UC'TIO N P ROJECT ,-\
COMPLETEO D D HIN C: THE 1 ' EAH E ND I NG .J l'XE :30, J 939
Unit or
Typ(' uf Hoad \ ppur1rnance
;\ 1l'as ure
mrnt
\\' ood
~ l<'l'l
~ l a~onry
C' ul n•rt~
S idt' W~llks aort pal h..:;
Paved
Un payed
Cu rhs. _
Outtns
I
I
:S.- umh er ......
17, 5 ll
8. o lO
~ u111 hcr______
~ um ber______
13,803
1,111
4,'2fi7
~. 1n2
:-..; umh0r ______
2,G52
1, 0°'1
:>.: um her _.. _..
162, 61i2
15, S!~l
~I Ji cs_____ ___ _
llfil cs. __ ......
i\ l ilcs _____ ___
1
M iles ........ .
i\liles ________ _
==
3,257
2,690
567
1,0\Hl
173
===
:J. 005
1, 067
1370
106
rn
JU~ PORT OX l'HO( :REI"
nnd thr lr11g l1 1 of nr"· sid ,rnlks, curbs, :ind
gutters bui lt h~- the \\'PA rx<·<'<'<kd 3, 000 milrs
in thr firs t t\rn instancrs :rnd l ,000 m iles in
the ln st ms tnnrr. Crrt:1in import:rnt typ<'s of
the rn:iny kinds of ro :Ht\\·n~- :1pp11rlC'n:111<·<' \\·ork
are shown in 1'nblr -l.
\\" PA wo rk on public bu ildi ngs jo bs lh:it WC'l"C'
fini shed du ring the l2 mont hs ending- .Jun<' :30,
HJ:30 , l't'Stdtrd in the completion of f\, -HlO new
building-s :rnd f\30 :1dditions to rxisting stru tures nnd th<' re110Y:1tion of 17 ,3-10 othrrs. ..'u1
nYer:11,::c of 18 new huiJclings nnd 48 rentn-ntecl
buildin gs ,,.<'I'<' completed r:ich dn~·- "\York of
th e lnttcr kind ranged from m:1jor remodeling
to grnernl rpconditionin g :ind included the reconditioning rrquirecl afte r flood s :111d t lw ~ew
E nglnn d h urri cnn e. Of the nrw b uildi ngs :1hout
n . ixt h ,,·en' sc hools nnd :1 t hird WC'l"C rccn':llional
build ing , , ur h a audito riums, g)·nrnn sium . .
stndin , and bath hou se . Among thr other
kind . of \\' P .. \ -ron trurtcd public buildings. ns
nm ~· he see n in Table ."J . ,,·ere h osp itnl s, ('ourlhouse -. city lwll s. nrrnoriPs. jail . fire ho11 srs.
and :1 ircr.1ft h:111g:1r .
Th e complrtion of "\Y P .\ w:1tcr supply nnd
anit:1tion project during tl1e ~-ear resu ltrd in
not:1h l innrases in mu n icipn l fn('i ]it ics. l n
thr cour e of the year 2, no mi lr of m'w water
main s nnd di s tribution lines (about 6 milrs prr
clny ) :rnd :3,280 mile of JH'\1· sto rm and s:rnitary
sp\\·N lines (:1bout n 111il rs pl'l' day ) wcrr pl:1erd
in se n ice. \\'ork wa s also ('ornpktrd on significant mi lengt's of improwd line:,. of each t~· pc .
Rclatrd ,H·c·omplishments included thr con, truc·tion of 21 ne\\· ,,·ater tre:1t111rnt pl:rnts . 1:)0
sr,rn g-e di-;pos:1! plant . :rnd :20 ga rh:1 g<' :rnd
OF 'I'll~ WP.\ PRO( :H. .\ J\ l
T
:-;ELE( "TEll fT E ~J S OF PHYS ICAL Acco~IPLJ,.,H~11-;:-:•r o:--.- \\ ' PA - OP1rnATED Co:-- :-T 1WCT10 :-- PROJE TS
\l<l, E .-, .
Cn~IPL ETED
D Pn 1:-.i;
NE
THE Y EAR E:--Dt:--G .)
30, 1939
Pt B IIC B 1 IU)JXti:-.
'\urn twr of Bu ildi ngs
Tn w of
Bulld1t1 1!
~t'\\
('<H1 :-. tr111 ·-
tin11
T nt:ll
li2i)
I n.·12
:ta,
I 0:?i
31
1,!1
i . H.59
2;1
1:1;;
un
I , 44 9
70
11 2
221
31
"
3.1
~d10ols
IJ1l1rarit•S
H l•CTl·a tionsl hmldincs
2.
. \ud 1toriu111:-
~ radi a. µrandsland ~.
17,339
7. , 51
li,:JH"\
E1luent1mml
n~ muasi ums
l mproq_• ·
nwnt s
.\ddi tion s
l'tC'
O!lwr
1J osp11nls.
Pt•nal 1nstitu1ions
Court houst•s, oll1<·t>s, a nd ol lw r admi nislrnl l\ '1' hu ildlll)!S
Fin• lwust'S
~7'\
:lli
II
alO
~9
2
41
12
22
3
1i;i
17
:w;
,,·:.1 n •h1 1ust>S
.\rm ori t·s
Othn
lfi3
2r.
2fiH
fiS
.\1 raaft hnmrnrs
lOfi
202
I. 1112
:JO
Oarac,•s
192
, 30
411
313
i :t
II
27
f,
i03
r,;
l. '117
i9
.:;, 01 5
tr:1 sh incinrrntor. a \\·r ll as 170 purnpmg stations and -WO torage tank . resetToir , and
ristPrn , . Th e mnjor accomp lis hment in the
,1·:1tl'I' , upp !Y ,111d s:1 nitation fie ld are shO\vn 111
Tab le 6.
' l'hC' m pid sl ri drs th:1t h aw been mack in
a irport all([ airw:1~- facilitie- in t he pa t scw rnl
)·r:l!'s h:we brr11 grratl)T furtl1r red by \YPA
prnjrcts for thr <'nnstruction nnd imp r~Yem nt
of :iirporl s and air nn,·igat ion aids. T h rough
th r projrrts romplrtf'd in t hr pc ri cl from
.foh· I. l 03S. to .fun e 30 . Hl30 . ."J? nr,1· landirw
fic,J;J.., ,,·err m,1de a,·ailablr f01-- u e and
r xisting 1:rncling- :neas wrre improYecl (one in
62
T
P11n,1
AL A ccO ~I PL I S ll:-;ELECTED f TEM;-; OP
0'<,-TRllC'T I ON PROJE('T R
\11-; \;T 0:S: \\' P . \ - O!'EP. A 1' Ell
C'<l\l l'LETEI) D ('l!ISG THE Y EAR ENDING .J o;,rn 30, J !)39
ll l i.t; l> .
\\ \TFH "1·p1•1.y
\'.\I) ~.\'.\IT \ RY
\ '.'\ D ~TOH\! :,:EW~R FH'II ITIFS
, ·nit 11f \lt•·1,. '\·pw ( 'on• l m11r•1Yf'11wnt ,
srr 11 (' t ion
urr1111 •11 t
\\ a t,·r m:1in,. aqtwd u<· ts. ;i nd rli'.--·
tnhution Hne
f-,1Hl'lIJ1l1•f ('11Jllll't.' fii 1 11 ,
\J iles
"'\ umher
2, J:-\'t
lG. non
~tor:t~I' t:u1ks. fP't• r n,ir~, 111d cis•
11111
t.t•rns
Tre:1t nwn t pl an ts·
~t'\\
'll.:!l~
\\' •1ter
< }:1rh:lc:1•
in cinrrn t, 1rs
Pu1npin !! stn t ions
Storm nnd s·rnitnry St''' Pr''
~l'r\ ic•p eo nnrr"tions
)l anholes nrnl c·1tch h'lsin~
Fl:--:E
\ HTS
.urn I'.\( Ll l>Ell
PL"llL!f' Bl'li.1>1.'\'Cl ,-;
:\I L,-;El .\l~
Sanitnry t11i lt'ls
;\uml,l·r
Xumht.•r
:'\ um her
~ umher
~I lies
~umhl'r
.Xumh<•r
XumhN
l fd
21
211
l(ili
3 2ii
7~. 000
Qfl,
~:J
~n 2
)l:1i
ltl~
'.?H
13
73
,}114
I. 200
i~. Ii l
'.?. -~21
WPA PROJE CT .-\ C 'O MPLlS H lVIE NT
eTery even and ix clay respectiYel)-) . WPA
,rnrkers on airport an l airway pr jcct al. o
completed th e on. truction of 4 7 new aircraft
hmwar and placed air marker 111 1,670
lo ::ition .
election of a few of th out t:111cling kind of
ph y sical accompli hment per tii in in g to roads,
public build ings, wer an d water sys tems, and
airports an d airway loe not cover ma ny kinds
of wor k in ench of th e e field . F w t hcnno re no
re ference h ns been ma le to many oth er fi eld of
W P A work. ThTough work on rcnea tiona l
facili tie , for example, newly developed park
area averagin g 30 acre in ize were opened at
the rate of on e each day a well a eicrh t n ew or
improYecl playgr ounds, five new ternu courts,
and two new athletic fi elds. Th ese and oth er
kind
of accomp li hments are cover ed rn
Tnble 7.
T AB LE 7 .-SELECTED ITE ~1s OF P 1-1y,-; 1cA L Acro~1r1, 1,-; n~1 ENT ON "W PA- OPERA T E D CONS1' HUCTION P1W J ECTK
CO~I PLETE DD U Rl ' ,TH E Y EAR E N D ! NG J NE3 0 , 1939
?\ ll SC'E LL\NEOU S F .\CILITIE S"
Type or Faci lity
Airplane la nding field s
Parks
Playg rounds -------------.\thletic field s_._ ----Tennis courts
Swimming and wading pools
Dams (other tha n storage
or power) _
Riprap (other than ri,·er
hank)
Retaining walls anct re,·et ·
meats
Landsca ping around puhlic
huildinis
Hef restation
·-
I
emt of ~r easurc-
New C'onstru ction
l mpron!men ts
Xumber __
.\ cres. ____
Xumber_
Xumber __ ::::_
Number.
---····
Number. ..
_________
52
11,059
,~. ~1~3
' umber Square yard s sur·
raced
14 , i99
rn
2. 39.J, !MIU
ITi ,000
meot
Linear feet
Xumher or build-
,J),,j
fl()i
1, i65
~->3
I , 620. :JOU
ings __
i\um ber of tre
planted --
s
--
62
2,331
456
69U
Gfi
96,
uoo
:,, HOh
---------
.\6~ 1.000
'O ther than hi ghways, road s, and s treet s: public buildings; nnd woler
snpp: y and sa nitary and s torm se wer facilities.
Ot he r broad groups of proj ec t accomplishm ent th at h a,·e not been referred to abo,·e
include fl oo d and ero ion cont rol , ntwiga tion
aid , and irrig11 tion work; grou11cls impr vcrnent ; con. e1Tation rnea ur e ; and rni:-;ccllnncous work in the c n s truction fi eld n ot
elsewhere covere l. Table 7 r \-iew · som e of th e
work c mple tecl d ur in g th . pa t year in eac h of
thee fields. A a lrracl_y noted th e inw.11tory or
,\·ork done on th e 'i~'PA projec ts w hich were
completed du rin g th e )' Car ending ,Tu 11 e :30, 1939,
cl e n ot coYer tl1 e noncon trnct ion tlctiYities
f the WPA.
AND OPER.\TlO.\'
19
Acco mplishm ents on Al l Typ es of Projects
th rough June 30, 1938
The i1wentory of 'iYPA accomplislim enl:-;
from th e beginning of operation in 1935
through June 30, 193 , s ummarizes the important kiocl of work don e du ri11 g a perio l of
almost th ree y ar. i ncl 11 di 11 g non con truction
as " ·ell as con tru ction wor k. It indicate that,
as of J un e 30, 1938, th e extent of WPA a omplishments b ad already as um e l large magnit uclcs . Furth er accomplis hm en ts effected in
th e year followin g June :30, l 93 , probably
were roughly propor tional t th ac ompli hments r ealized in th e other year if allowance
is made fo r diifer nt levels of ar ti-Yit)·.
I t h oul cl be noted , h owever, that cumulafo·e
totals through June 30, 1939, cannot be obta ined by combinin g t he data for pr je ts completed in t h e la t )' ea r with th e cumulative data
as of J une 30, 1938. Th e latter tahulation includ es completed work uni ts on a ll 'iVPA projects th at h ad been placed in operation up to
t hat time , including \\·or k on both completed
and active projec ts. The Jun e 1939 data , on
th e oth er h and , relate to work a ccomplish ed on
\ VPA proj ec t s whi ch \1·er e completed during the
year endin g June 30, 1939.
ome of the e project were in operation pri r t ,Tune 30, 19;3 ,
and contain wor k uni ts whi r li \vere completed
at th at time . Such work is included in the 1938
ummary . I t h ou ld be noted also that \1·ork
done clmin g th e la s t year on proj ects "'h ic b
wer e being op erated on .fun e :30, I 9:39 , i, not included in eit h er st1m 1m1 ry. S ummary tabulation of WPA accomp lis hments, a of June 30,
and 9 and s tate dis1938, appear a Tables
tributions of selec ted items a Tabl e :XYll of
the appencli.-x.
Construction Act ivi ti es
Th at ro.1d and s trce( \1-ork bas Il ee n of imp ortance in th e \\'P ~\ prog rnm i shO\nl in the
in,·entory of arromp lish 111 ent through .Tune :30,
19;3 , in mu cl1 t he sn mc \l'a)' th:1 t it appears in
th e accompl is hmrnt cltl t tl not.eel .,boYe and in
tb e employment , man - hou r , a nd ex penditure
f-i g- ures noted else where in t his report. Through
,June 1938 proj ec t emp lo_ncs had built or
r econditioned a total of :2 '0,000 mile of roads
:20
0~' T H E WP.\ PROGRA M
RE T'ORT OX PHOC:HE
:--:umber
:'.\umhn
l·1111 nf .\lt•:h tm· •
ltt•m
nwnt
I '\\ ('1111·
111111
tot»I
Pubile h 111ld1tws
Edu rn t ionnl
Jni,!s
hu1ld -
Xt1111l11•r
;\umt11•r
~thon ls
l.ihrnrit1s
Ht'c r,•n t1onal huildtncs totnl
:!,'.?-..,il
7:{
16,32~
A
21,:')f}()
11 ighwoys, road s. st ree1s ,
a nd rrlau.1 d farilit ie-sCont inuC'd
Bridgt>so 1HI \'iaduc1 sC'on1 in 11Pd
S teel
li22
:X u mlwr
C ul n•rt s
.\ ud itnnums
!! r n nd~ t :1dia,
stf\nds. t'I<'
(hmnnsiums
A
;\umlll'r
:'\ u mh1•r
'171
1:i
Hl7
!Ill
( ir:1d1·-trnss111g
11:11 loll
hat hh ou"rs. PH'.)
ll ospll :tis
Pt• nol institution s
ot1ir,•s,
Co urt hnu st•s.
and ot lw r ad minis•
tr:1tl\1 ' h11ild111!!s
Fin• h 11 11s1•s
Garac, •s
~\irrr,1f1 h:m l!nrs
\\"3 n_•h11t1St 'S
.\r 111 11 ril's
~urnh,· r
""lltlllwr
Xumlt,•r
Xumtwr
):uml-1· r
="umlll' r
'\11111twr
'-="11111hn
tt•rs, ctr )
l'n,, ·d
l ' np1,l•d
l. 122
12 1
!Ill
tl2
71 12
rurhs
Outt:.rs
nu:1rdrnlls and gu a r dwa lls
L ich1s fo r road~ and
s trt 't' t s
Hondsidt• draimll'!I'
•) tjtjlj
i: 403
1-4!1
o-17
"l ,11.11
)02
(lh
1. 17\i
2;0
-.. 11t1
JflH
Ot hi•r hmldin cs and
small s tru <• tnn•s hu s
nnd s trt•t>tr!lr slwlDemolition or huildiOJ!S
elim1-
~umher
Lmg tb iP fe!'l
Hond, 1d1• l,rndq•a ping
~t n •1•t :0- 1.L'll'.
12, 17:i
12, ~12
2HI
="umhn
'\umht• r
1
17.,. 11311
X umhn
:ll:l.20 1
L emrt h in ft't't
,tunhPr of r r os..-.;illl!S plimmatl'fl.
I
' · :Jti2, 6:l t
t>n•cted
;,o. •x1,
I. 3flh, ;,3
II
4, 11411
)l1 lt•s
:\lilt•s
.\lilps __ _
Length in rnilt •s
Length 10 11111t•s
Lt•nct h in rrnlt•s
J'\"umher
l.\ l i le ~ of r nnd
equiJ)JWd
.\lilt's of dit r h
.\l ilt's of pip(•
\I 1lt•~
'\umht• r of S l(?ll S
m ade
'\"umhP r of sil' n ~
Imp ro,-ernent s
i , Oil
437, r,55
2. 206
ifi. 2fi3
2. 51fi
t3.,. :mo
:l, i 13
:X umh rr
Lt•mnh in flit' !
~idl'" al ks and pot h:--1otal
( p~nilions ,
oitwr
f\('W('(ID-
s trt1<'·
lion
iHtl
Xumt\1•r
tolnl
lt pm
lm prov1·lllt'Jlt.._
\d di
l ions
-.; trm·-
Cnit of ::'\l rns urement
2. ,iti
I. 201
I\, 5,,1
l ••iftfl
!Xl4
11. , :;5
S3, 632
2. :.m11
-1 92
:Yl\l
I. 4,3
42\1
22. 2.17
' · 3,2
.... . 2:1.:;
311
17, .~.....
!Hil, fNlO
120, !MIO
\ irport s a nd ai rw ny t'fllllP ·
nwnt (t>xc·I bldg:-- \
~llllllll'r
lli ~hwnys, rood s, Slrt' l'IS,
a nd n•lnt1•d rariliti1•s·
ni g liwn,·s. road s, n nd
stri'l' ts- total
L n ntlmc fi,•ld s
Hunwa\' s
.\1r h<'nl·ons
.\ ir markt •rs
Het'rentional rnd l11 ies re, C'luding h1J1ldin,c s)
\ t hl(1t i1· fiti ld s
l\file~
H 11ral r ond!-i- tot nl
~t'\\
I mpro, t'tl
npnu•d
:'i.liles
!,, !l:ti
'.\111,•s
)f ih•s
2:ti, 713
\,
t,. ti:i t
I
t · rh :1n qr4..•e t sto1 :,I
f' :ur 1n ,1 m1tb
Pl ftyg rounds- total
~('h11ol
Othrr
~l'\\
Impnl\Pd
l ~np:-fft'tl
Ottwr ( p!lrk s. c·t•mNr )
1'tl ' rit's,
total
.:.lilt~s
, utt•:-~r itt•-.;
fi,',? , (l
:-,;\\ imllllll.l! poob
Pl, 111:i
\\ .!ding pools
~l'\\
~umhe r
~um he r
.:\"um her
ifl(I
T ennis ro urt s
I l anclha ll ro url !-_,
11o r..,es h11e c·ourt s
l(•e-skn 1ing rink s
t.)ti
~ l ilt•s
:II il<•s
:11.il,•s
Xumher
S urface n rea in sq
ft
::Xumher
S urface aren in s q
fl
4, 1111
'.\I il,•s
rotnl
I mpro,·t·d
ll npan•d
.:\"urn her
.\ r res
Xumher
.\ r r e~
="um he r
.\ r re.s
Xumher
.\ r res
~:n
a. 2.oi
~lltn lu> r
Numhe r
1\'"umher or holes
.\ e res
.:\"um he r
Xumher
,umbe r
:\'"umhe r
~u rfare a r en in s q
ft
~klJUillp:-~ki trails
R oR<l ~houldns (not
includt•d ahon•)
Bridg,•s and nad u('ts-
totnl. ..
\\~nod
:\[Iles __ _
153
19, 4i2
I. 483. r,9.,
201
no,. s,,
3S, iitl
w
41
10. 223
I. 787
10. 01 2
l. 0fi7
1, 5().!
IO. r,2,,
4. 232
32,,i;:w
I 10
I , fifiS
:?lfi, fi't
2,
1. am
ti,
I , t1U I
.,, OIO
,u,.
11n-...
12,'l
7qq
1. 0 12
Qfi,
-~.001
Clolr ('O ll f ~('S
Pan•d
:--: umber
.\ r n •s _
Len~th in ft•,•t
~umher
'\"umher
:'\1'\\ t·11 n -
l mprn,·p.
s truction
nwnts
4. 3fi~
211, tlll,
~1. n-...4
2:t 52 1
(llfi. 13i
f:'\muhf• r
't Lenet h in f.,rt
!J:t~. ti t...,
Xumlwr __
L eng! h in feet
20. ,2,5
11. 2-H
li22, '.?5~
1112. 2Hl
.'."\"umher
.:.liles
<•utd oor the,ll res
Xumher
B and she ll s
.'."\"umher
\\' ate r s uppl y, sn mtatinn.
and drainaJ?e sys tems:
,,·ater main -.;, aque- rliles
durt s. a nd di .., trib11X o. o f cons umer
tion Imes.
coa neet ions
Rtorage tank~. re~e r- (Xumbe r
n,i rs , and rist e rn-.;
I Gallon s capari1 ~
~tornge dam s
\\' ell s
{t'oncluded on nt:',t pngt" )
!\'umber
Xumher
171
22,'l
,. 25 1, (XKI
110
3. /;40. (KKI
I. 190,000
113
2lll, (l(}O
I. f,02
2. ~51
21, 21 t
1,%1
62
70
11. 170
I, .~~2
72"',
I, 112
I, 037
fill
2 11
20.,
41, SIU. (KKJ
II
fi2
I',, ·173. (1()()
73
1 lfi
12
31
fi. Q',!\
2,204
i:l
32
201 . 1100
l4~. 000
3,,,
I. 3 12
716, .'i()(), 000 lf>,269,!111\,000
469
4,091
2. 02'.?
2, 059
----
21
WPA PROJE T A 'CO MPLI HM ENTS AN D OPERATIO S
T AB L E
OF P1-1 Ys 1CAL A cco~1PL1s 11 ~rn T ON \YP A - OPE HATE:ll CoNsTRUCT 10 ' P ROJECTs-Co n.
.-SE LECT E D TTE ~I
Tu RO UGO J u,rn :Jo. 1938
:(umber
Unit of l\!easu re·
meat
Item
ew constru ctioo
:-<umber
001 t or .\ft.•a ~u re -
I tem
I mprove-
men t
New C'o n- 1
s trueLi on
mc nts
Improvenwnts
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - , vater supply, ~a oitat.i on .
etc.- Contin ued .
T reatment p lan1s:
Sewage (excl. cesspools aud septic
I
Levees and embank- {Linenr feet
mea ts _ ---· -- · ____ C' u. yd s. placed
N u mber
Numher
3 79
15 1
· urn b~r
. umhe r
35
P u mp in g stati ons
sanitary -
M a nho les and
;\liles
{ •umbe r ,~f sen-ice
eoooect I0 0<.: ___ _
222. 0IJO
23,. 000
Nurnher
Number
ani tar y toi lets
I , 1-14 , 000
Numbe r of open-
l ine sealin g
ings sealed _____ _.
11 1iles of ditch
l\I osq uito control. ..
.\ r• res drained
Cla llons of spra y
used
Drainage (othe r th a n
road side and m osqu i-
to eradicat ion).
F lood and e rosion controlna viga tion aids- irr iga gation :
\\ ha r ves, and
piers
__
_
l l !J,M)I
s. i~j2
I. fi -12, 000
puhlic bui ldings.
).\ ~~;:
2.~. 000
Nr is ee I la neo us la ndsca ping
L ighting a irp o r t s ,
Ac res
126. 0011
A cres drained
2. SYI . 000
8, 72S, 000
322
:(umh~r
l{
of
Canals and ch annels
ments_ _
I £\ 1iles
_
(othe r
ri ve r ha nk)
158,000
i, 9ifl, 000
I
12ri.1IOO
I , 407
.
Numhe r
vet ments _
2fi. iifi3
365
ooo
I, 46,. IKIO
:J, 725. IXXl
41i:I, 000
tha n
R taini11g wal ls a nd re-
Sq . yd s. su r faced
_ Lin ar f et
Ii. 859,
a nd treet , a di s tan ce s ufli c ient to en circle tit
ea rth el -v e n t im es .
:-Iu c h of t h \\'Ork \\·a s clo ne o n rnral r oad s
a dis tinc t from urban s treets. On a s tat -hytate bas is t h e r o ad and s tree t m il eages of th e
m iddle-\\·este rn a ncl sou t h-ce n t n1 I s tn.tes \\'e re
o utsti nclin g . A pre po nd eran ce o f tl1 e 24 .5, 000
mile o f rura l rn a cl s compl e ted duri ng tl1 e
three-year p e ri o<l " ·r re unpaYe d ; th e unp aYrd
rural r oad \\'Or k innlh ·cd th e d eYclo pmc nl o f ,t
p ro p er!~- clrn,in e I ro a dh r d and t he 11pp lic:1.t io n
of g raYc l nr r ru s hccl roc k to proYi d e all - ll' catli e r
tnw s p ort:t tio n .
Jn urh :1.11 a r eas \Y P.\ \1·o r kcr. laid h a rd s urfaces- co n Tr te , hrick, bl ock , o r bitumin o uso n ,3, 000 mil e. of s tree ts, rr('o :i d iti o ncd (i. 00 0
m il e of pn Ycm c n t , a nd m a d e imprnYe m e n Ls Lo
~0 1~77 °---J0- - 3
10. 4\ln
3. 127
4, 5011
;,
5. 40,
11
3, 2211
35
10
1,2H
71
N u mbe r
Other
Length in feet
10, 9Sfi
Tum her
Le ngt h in feet
111, 184
208
N u mber
l31
20, 9ti~
113
5 17
HXI
ca paci t y
.i\ f o nu111ents a nd historic ma rkers
Nuwber
~,~um her
I-
f'on se rva ti on
(not . else- 1
whe re C'lass ifi ed) :
Heforestal ion
19,
M·iles
__
57
,. v:,g
10, 5(ifi
ru m her
P edes t ria n
1(i
usahle
D a ms (othe r than storage or power)
7, 800
410
Annua l fin ~e rlin g
.i\1 iles
Linea r feet
l\ l iles
St ream bed impro,e-
Yehi e u la r ___ _
Fish ha tch e ries
F'cet
:i. o:Js
2. 72'1, 000
,\ e res
'funnels:
I
:!79
13, 30~
3-1. 100
L ngth in feet
9,490
3,6 11,0011
11,3 15.000
r
~ u m her of places
ltghted
parking lots, ath let ic
{ Ac res ltghted
fi elds , etc
Fencing
l\ f iles
Cemete r y impro vements
1\ 1isce ll a nco us :
4 9fi()
784. 000
brea k-
R iver ha nk impro vements
.
I
··---~~·-~~i
I, 422. flOO
2, Ill~
U86
wa terfro n t
.\ re::i in sq ft
and
179
t , 3,12, 000
13, 74 X, 000
11,9, 000
JN~mhe r of huild-
2,600
l\ 1iles of ditch
l\ 1iles of pipe
j
waters
Bulkhea ds
Riprap
G ro u nds improve ments:
LanclsC'a ping aro und
;,, .570
Numher
Septic tanks
Jellies
Miles of flu me
canal
26
cat c h
ba si ns
D ocks,
3~6 1
,85:i
.\c: re!:i
229
91
i rJcioer -
ators .
Storm and
se we rs.
C'nn tinu ed.
l rri gat ion
ta nks) _
\ Vate r
Oa rba ~e
Flood a nd ero'- io n co utro l-
Fi re hrea ks
__ _
!?ire and fores t t rail s_
Spra y trcat111ents. cl1s eas.e , a nd in sec t pes t
erad1catioo (exce pt
lllOS(J U ito control )
R oden t des tructi on
Pla nti ng oys te r"
_\ cres
Numbe r o f t rees
planted
M iles _
l\l il es
.. .
.\
f
cres s prayed
I
-
,5 1. 300
24,026.000
2. l86
3,344
3, 44 0, 000
Gallons of s pray
used
'T'oos or poi soned
food used
N u mbe r
_
Il ushels plantert
18. 1~4. 0011
b3, 407
3 t,.5:J2.000
4. 9 11 ,000
Hl ,000 mi les o f unpa.n cl t r ccL a nd ro a d s .
, \.l togetl1 e r in bo t h rural :tnd urb a n sert io n.,
including pa rks, mo r e t h a n 2:3,600 mil es o f
p avc m c n t 11·er c la id or reco ndi t io n ed , r e pres(' n ting aho u t 8 pe rce nt o f th e total mil eage ·omple tcd h~· t.lt e e nd of .Tun e Hl3 .
Buildin g or reco nditionin g a s tr t ch of r oad
u s u:111:v i11 vo h ·cs n o l o n ly t h e w ork on t li e ro adbed itself bu t a lso t he con s truct ion or impro\·em e nt of a ppurt e n a nces ' llC' h a. brid ges, (' \ll n'rt..
g11:1rdrnils, a.n d c urbs. B y tl1 e c 11cl o f ,J11n e
I !:J:38, \\'PA wor kr r s 11:ld c-on s tru ctcd or r crnndi t io ned .52.(i0 .5 b rid g l'S, Y:1 r_,-i11 µ: in leng th from
a fc \\' k e l t.o rno rt' tli:111 n llllndrrd feet. A ·
ma.n~· :ls :...!l,08..Jc o f l11 (' brid grs 1n' r C' ne 11 l rueturr s t h:ll 1n'J'l' lll'('l'Ss:1ry i1 1 t l, e den•lo p m cn t
of 11 e \1 ro:1d ' or i n rc pl nein g b ridges tli :Lt ll' er e
22
R E P ORT 0 ~ PR O(:l{ E SS OF TH E WP.\ P R Ol:H .-\i\I
.\ R .'.lU H Y B V l LT BY T U E \ \"PA
un suit ed for furth er u e or s,1·ept u 11":1:V by
floods. Oth er ,\ccomplishments in conn ec tion
with roads ,rnd s tr ets includ ed th e ins tallation
of :3 i:3 ,000 new cufrerts, th e reconditioning of
51,000 exis tin g n dwrt s, and the contpl etion of
llH\11)' miles of curbs, gutters , gu,1nlrnils, ,rnd
road ide ditches. ( ' cc Table 8.)
Durin g th e first tlu·ce )·e,u·s of 1\' P ,\ operation ne,trly 17 ,600 ne,,· public buildings, were
cons tructed . additions 11·ere m ade to I ,700
building' , and -! !:i ,000 oth er 11·ere modernized
or retonditio,wd by pruj ec t \\·orker . E lem en tnry an d high ' Cho ols fi gure predominantl)·
among th e 2,2 9 new school buildings and some
college and lmi w rsi ty buildings nr includ ed.
?'1 ,111)' of the elem entnry sr hool buildings ,\re
small scho ol in rmal ,1reas accomm o lnting
fe\\·er than 1-50 pupils. Floor space of 75 ' other
cbools ,,·as enlarged by the uddition of new
ction to e:\.is ting building . B esid e th e Dell"
cons truction ,rnrk 2J ,.55 0 chools were recondition cl. \York on educa tional buildings nl o
includ es th e ·onstruction of 73 ne\\· libraries
and :32 ad litions cllld the r enon1tion of li22
J thers.
Facilitie for sports :rncl other recreational
a tiYities , often in corui ection 11·ith educational
in titution s, 11·ere increased by the erection of
97-! grand tands and tadia , 497 gymm1 itm1 ,
and :21.j aud itoriums, nml the renon1tion of
nearly a thousand such tructw·e . About 3, 00
other recreational buildings, sucl_1 as pavilion s,
bathhouses, or p,1rk shelters, were completed by
th e middle of Hl3 . Other ne,,· buildings
erect ed b? 1YPA workers include I 100 hospitals,
' 00 e urthowes, city halls, and other admi.n istra ti ,·e buildin g,; , l 50 tire house , :rnd l 00 aircrnft hangars.
Greater opportunities for pu bli participation
in m any r ecre a tional acti,·ities 11·ere pro,icl cl
through the constrnction of 1-!0 golf cour e
900 swimming and 1rnding pool , -! ,600 tenni
com-ts, 3,400 at hleti c field s and playground ,
and many other facil itie such as i ·e- kati.ng
rinks, and handball, hor eshoe , Yolleyball , and
badminton comt . ::-.lore than 5,000 parks were
de1·elopecl or in1pro 1·ed through the clearing of
underbru b , planting of sl1rubber)r, building of
outdoor oYen s and other picnic equipment, and
miscellan eous ,1·ork.
WPA PROJECT A 'C01\I PLISHi\lE.:\''J':-\ .\ND OPEH .\Tl0.\1,
, in ce t he prohh,rn s of nrni11ti1inin g an adequate 11·:1 lC'r s uppl)· ,rnd of pr01·iding for prop<'r
e,rnge cl is posi1 1 arc of gr al irnp ortn 11cr in
cities and Yil lage through out the countr)· ,
many proj cL have bee n directed to11·a rd these
ends. Throug h .Jun e 30, 19:3 c, not only h ad
th e di tr ihution of water to con s um ers he<'11
faci lit ated and increa e I through th e i1 1s ta ll.1tion of 6, I 00 mil es of wat er main s , 1.J. ,000 ne11·
onstLme r con n ectio n , and 79 ne11· watN purification p lants , bu t the capaciti e, of 1rntN
y tcm h ad a l o been en larged t hroug h t hr
con s tru ct io n o f l ,3 -! 2 torngc tanks , reseJTo irs ,
and ci tern s .
To11·nrcl s better . ewage di s po. al fac il itirs
\YPA proj ect work con tribut ed nenrl )· 9 ,000
mile of ewer lin e , nnd :300 n ew se 1rnge
t rent ment plnnt . A t ta] of :35 ga rbagl'
in cin er ator s wer e er ected in urban nrca , as well
as l ,144 ,000 sanitar)· priYic in arl',l S not
en ·cd b:v se11·ers. Approx irn n tel)· 1,(\-!:2 ,000
acre of lowl a nd s and wamp nr c:1 s 11·cre drainC'd
by tb c excaYation of ,700 miles of mo quito
control ditcb e , and m or e than l 15,000 open in gs
o f a band on ed min es were sen led in ord er to
r edu ce trcnm pollution and cles trnction of
Yegcta tion .
Nonconstruction Activities
\YPA emplo)·ce workin g o n no ncon truction
proj ct a lso acliieYed a wide rn riety of tangible re ult . By the encl of Jun e rn:3 , wo rk ers
in sewing room h ad produced m or e than
l 0,000,000 ga rm ents and h o useh old art icles;
item of childrens ' and infant · apparel 11·cre
mo t num ero us but millions o f g:nmc nl s fo r
m n a nd won1c11 11-cr e al o mad e. Th ese an'
di stributed free of ch a rg th rough local puhliC'
relief agenc ie t o p e r, on in n eed or do11:1ted
to tax- upport cd in titution s for purpose,; t b al
could n ot be ati ficd throu gh t heir currc rrt
bud get . B e id e being an importan t source
of n eed ed cloth ing f r r elief fornilie and of
ndditio nal suppli es for tax- upporlcd in s ti t utions, the produ ct of sewin g rooms b~n-c been
of gr eat impo rt ance in m ee tin g emcrg cn y
needs during peri od o f flood s or oth er disnstcrs .
V:1luablc er vi es h aYe also bee n rcndC'rcd
by 11·orker empl yecl on ca nnin g , cl1 oo l lun ch ,
and hou ckecpin g aid proj ecL. By th e firs t
of .ful y I \l:38 more tha11 4R ,OOO ,OOO po1111d s of
meal, fruit, and Ycgct.1blcs had brcn cann ed
for d is tribution b) relief oqranization and for
u e on ch ool lunch projert . Owr '.t 3 ,000 ,000
hot lunrhes lrnd been se r ved to undrrnouri shed
sr hoo1 children . l n the homes of a million
fti rnili cs temporarily clepri nd of t he rcg u l:1 r
l1 omemaker b)· illn s or othe r cmr. cs , hou sekc ping .1 id cs n ,·cragcd a h out seYell 1·is it ,, pN
fomil)", h !ping 11·ith th e hottsc11·ork nt t l1C' ti111e
of t l, e cmc rgenC')' .
)._cfo·ities of :1 professional , ted111ir:1l, or
clerical nature h:11·e included work in libraries,
nrnseum , and du1 irs ; a wide rn rict)· of resear ch and s tatistic:1 1 sutTe)' S; cdurnt ionn l :rnd
rccre:1tion ::d programs ; and th e Federal arts
project. Rea ding fo ciliti c were exten d ed by
th e Pst:1 hlis lirnen t cl u rin g the three-year period
of nu mcrou s new t ra ,·cling and hrand1 Ii hraries
nnd new rending rooms, t h e renovation of
::;o ,000,000 volumes of public library :rnd pub lic
..;cJiool hook , and the tran, rrip tion of o,·c r
2 .000 ,000 page, of Braille fo r blind rend e rs.
Doctors, den ti, t, , and nurses emp loyed on
puhl ie li cn lt h projects assis ted in 1.5 .000,000
ex.rn1 ination , immuni zations, or t rentmrnts.
Am on g t li e sur veys concl u ded h)' prnje<'t
11·ork ers arc li s tings of historir:1 l reco rd , l'nginecring surveys, :md regi n:1 l pltlnning SLll' l'l')·s .
Tli e J ,:300 rcse:uc h and s t:1tisti a l s Ludie,; 11·cre
conducted in . uc li fie lds as agricu lture , na tural
resou rces, indu s tr)' , scien ce, and go,·ernm cn t.
.\ mong tli c numerous edu cat ion cou rses o ffe red ,
cl:isscs in gen era l adul t education and for the
ll O .Vl'
C' O:S ~T Hl T T IO X II 1T H TII E JrnL P
H EC HE\ T JOX .IL L E.l llER
OF
.\
\\'P.\
24
RE PORT OK PROGRESS OF T HE WPA PROGRAM
T A BL E
9.-
f-i E LEC'TEO
I TE ~l f- OF P 111
It em
,S [ ('.A L
A c·co \l P Ll f- lDI E:\'T 0:\'
rnit of :\ l ensure111e11t
I tem
Numhr-r
----
Unit of ~I easu rement
N urn her o r ,·olumes cata loecd
libra ries ...
R cuo,·alion of bookstotal ..... ____ _
P ubli c sc hool ,-olumes
__ i\ u m tw r
Pu h lic li bra r y vo lu nws _ ___
:'\umhn
Otlw r ,·olumes ____ ?-: u mhrr
Sew ing rnoms:
A rl k hl::. madt•- to tal
Garme n ts- to tal
J\Ien's
\V omen 's
B oys·
Gi rts·
__
1
I
In fa nt s·
Other art iC'l ,·s
Ca no i n ~ and pn'Sl'n· ing
Sch ool lu nchl~s srn·1•d
1\l r <l ical , rlrntal. and nur~-
Tlwatrirnl produc:tious
:?O, 1."il.UOO
N um ber __________________ _
-\ 1~1.210,000
' 139. 643. 000
2n. s ~r,. 1100
35. ~09. 0O(l
um lw r
N u mht:• r
N um he r
N umbC' r
Tum be r
N um hC' r
1
I
t h ro ugh
r~~mbe r of pe rsons exam-
1\ l t• d ieal f',nmi n atio ns J~ u mbcr ofad u_l ts rxami nf'd
' o• her I hnn nt c·linics_ · ( 11';'tr o~-~ ~'.'.~r~n: e,sm-
f
➔ , 211.m,
u rsi n g aid at imm un iza t ions _
of
persons
N:,m';adt:
:i~~;l
of
home
__________ _
/I
N u m h.-r
or im mun iza ti ons
3.9"0.l)O()
4. 737. 0O(l
X\13. 000
.\rt :
Plannin~ s u n·C'vs
dt1C't1•d
and
sc ul p lu n.·d wn rks
N u m twr __ . .
Et eh ings, ltlhographs. (N" u mtwr of or iginals
woodblocks, etc
) :--.; u mlwr of prints
911. fiO:?
Ar ts and crarts______
:-.:umlwr of ohjerts marlC'
I ndex or _.., nw r ican Dl'sigo plat1·s ____
N umlwr of platrs rnaclP
St agP Sl'ts. dioramas,
a nd modt•ls fo r \"ism.11
pduration
____ N u mhn _________________ _
1
n.ooo
I
l fi. 7:)fi
i H. 000
reduction of illi trn1c!· k1n• predominated. hut
gr :1.t inter st k rn been , hown in Yoc:1t ional
tra ining cl:tsses, parent ed ucation , and homem a king education as well a, in the n ursery
sc hools in " ·hirl1 t ho usand s of presehool child rcn li:i ve recr iY Cd (',1re . T li r pu hlic bas parti cip:1 t r d in l,n-g-r rn 1mhers in tl1 c rec reat ion
prog ram s condu cted under \YPA lende rsl,ip.
Sport s and oth er typ es of phy. in1l r ecrr:1 tion
h ,n-e met ,\·it li pmticulnr intcres t :rnd socinl
and culturnl recrl'ation and in stit11t ionnl recreation nlso h ,n-e been cx tcnsin•. T hrou gh Fcclera l Prnj cd No . 1, art , music, and tl,e thentrc
wer0 nwde an1 ilnblc to millions of persons to
476,000
293
3, 550, ()00
2. 302
16. 2-l-4
17. 480
'2\lO
ii5
545
Num he r of st a tes w hose record s ha,·e hec n li~ ted
__
N um hC'r or co u nties w h ose
rt'C·ords have been listed __
~ u mh r of coun t\" in Yeo tori(~s puh lishect ·
__
N umber of to,-..-ns ·whosP rrrords han" hC'en l is tPd
Tu m her of to wn in ve otor irs p uhlishrd
__ ____ __ __
K um he r of r hurr hrs w hose
rrrorrl s h a,·e h et• n list r d _
N u mhc.· r of ai;rf' nrit>s whose
n •cord s were sur n"'vrd ___ _
L int•a r frt· t of files sui- \·e:r ct __
1. 117-1. noo
Drawi ngs. rasel pain t-
1. Oi 7
_
11 istoriral R erords Sur-
l ,;:1~.1100
F ed eral com mu ni t y a rt {"_u rntwr t>st:1hlistwd
ceott>rs____________
..-\ eE!.rPf?rtlt• a t ll•n dnncP
_
J l isl o r iral Am e r ica n { N u m ber of vessels su r \C'yed .
.:\Ierl'ba n t ~ l armeSur - :'\Tum her of drawi n gs marlf' __
"'Y _________ __ _ _ N ~,'~d~e r -~r___P~otogr ap~~-
io-
dsfts
an ce __ _ ___
l l isto r it'al sur vr \·s:
215. 000
N um her
I. 13
N u mber or boo ks a n d pa m p h lets p u b lis herl
X u mhe r or copies distr ihut ed __
N ursmg \1s1ts _________ ~ umhf'r of gro up mspecmade
N um ber __ _
N u mbe r of st ru ctures measured
H istnriral · .\ m er ira n
N
u mbe r of drawin~s made::
fluilrlings Sur n•y
{ N u m her or pho tograph s
made
_ ____
_ __ _
23, 02(), 0()0
4S. OGI. lllXl
,23~_ 41 1.11011
Jun(' 193) •
I
:lO, 440. 000
23, 52~. 11011
11 , 5fl7. 1100
1N~:ier of PC:TSO-nStfC3tecl: _
1
4,355
3. 030, 050
'l'h,•;ll r1 C'al p1•rf o r m- {.\ Yerage nmnhr r per m onth
an c· ,~ s ( J n nu'.\ r v .\ ,erage mon thl y at ten<l -
-\ :?Ii. 71-l-t . 000
1 ~- 3-13. O(X)
i\ um her
1ions
530,000
.\ I ll SIC.'
Tlwntn•
Net po u nds
N u m hrr
fk- nta)
cl 1nirs conductt.>d or
ass is tl' d __ _
murals,
Xu mber
.\lusic- .-lasses (J a nusr y {A verage month ly a ttcn clthrnrnzh J u1w 193")
l anre _
J)\'rfor 111 aJl('l'S
(:\ l on1hof Ju 1w Hl:N)
"N'u mhe r
. _
_.\ eg:ree:a te au d ience
27. 5,1:l, f!f)0
in e- assistH nrP
ings.
PROJECT
.:\ l usie·
C'a t aloe-ing for P\ ist in g
and
~ ONC O N,ST R C'C'T IO N
-1-
,, or k in lihrari es:
1\ l rdicnl
\\ ' PA Ol' E IH'l'~~ D
.
ro n -
H:1•s1•a rc-l1 ancl statistical
~t u dit•s co nd u rll•d __
~ laps
.
__ _
l ndc,i n g ant! rata loein~
8
2. 051
16
14
50. 355
:?t-J, l 42
4. 91 . 000
N um ber _________________ _
N u mh r _ ____ +--~
;\' u mbe r of m aps draw □
__
N u mbe r of items indexed or
ca talogcrl _
. . ..
___ _
Br:1il!P ___________________ _ N u mbe r . of Brai lle pages
transcri bed ___ _ _
N u mbe r of \"isi ts mad e
11 ow-t>kl't•pini:r aid
N u mher of familirs aided
l\ luse u m nr t.id t ies ________ _
u mbr r of a rt ic-lrs c·o os tru r ted or rc, ooYn ted __ _
u m ber of a rt ic les ca ta loged ... ____ .
I
1,282
llfUlOO
593. 17.>, 1100
'2. 136. t)O()
A;_ or,o. ooo
I. Oili. l)O()
4, i4 5, 1100
9, 4%, 1)00
\\·horn th e)' had preYiously been ina ccessibl e
and, b)T .July 193 , a tota l of 293 books and
pam plilets prepnrecl by \YPA \\Tit ers h a d been
pu hlishetl.
T lt is emm1cration of som e of th e more rrnportan t men surabl e items among the nccomplishments of \YPA projects , ern to indicn te
t he broad cop e of th e program and t he ex tent
of cert:1in kind s of nc hievern ents. .:\Iu ch of
the \Y P,1._ 11·nr k, h o\\·e,~er , is no t coYerecl by the
im~entory ancl som e is not su ce ptible to
measurement. This discussion, consequentl? ,
:rnd th e accompan!Ting tables (Tables 3- 9 a boYe
and Tnbl e XYll o[ th e appendix) nre unnble to
"\VP. \ PRO.JECT \ (' ( 'Oi\l PLJ81L\J l;} :>;TP. .\'.\:I) OPER.\TlO , t,
OYer in fu ll t he wor k nccompJis hed tltrnt1gh
the operati o n of \\'PA project.
Initiation and Prosecution
of Project Work
1YPA project s, with fe11· except io11s " ·hi c h
no longer exis t, h,we bee n i nitial ed in lbc
communitic ' wh cr the 11·ork is clone. The
Yariou s tale and locnl goYernm enln l agencies
thnt propose th e proj ect uncl crt,1kings ,lllcl
thereb:v beco me pon sor of the " ·ork nre r equire l to bclp in d efn1:yin g project ex pe nses,
particulnrly those ll)Yoh·ing materia ls, s upplie , nnd equipment. Project propos,1 ls and
application s nr e reviewed by th e \\' P,\ for
conformit:v 11-ith t he rules nnd reg ul ntion
of th e \YPA prog rnm. If a project is nccepta ble in these re pee ts, the a pplicn tion is s u hm.ittecl for npproYa l b:v t h e Presid ent 1\'11 0 b,1 s
final auth ori ty o f proj ect approvnl.
Th e 1YPA maintain s n r esen-oir 01' ,1pprn1·ed
pr ject from 1d1ich i t sci ct s projl'cl 1rnrk in
kreping 11·ith t he c hang ing r quircments of t h
\\' PA prn12:r,1m . Th e nc l ual work r hm;c n for
oper:1tion ma.v i171·ol" eit h er an entit·e projl'd,
,1. appro,·ed or a self-cont:1in ed unit of work
tJwt i includ ed in t he npprol'Ccl project. Th e
prosec ution of proj ect 1vo rk i. cnrr ied out under
th e \rP},.._ lt is t he purpose of the sections th.it
follow immedintcl~, bclo11· t o d eserilw briefly
t he seYcrnl as p<•cls of riroject proc·<•cl11n•s tltnl
ha1·e been mentio 11cd .
Proposal of Project Work
\York prosecuted h.v th e \\T ~\ o ri g in,,tt's
with project pmposal o f s tate and loc-al puhli<'
a;encies a nd , to fL very limited ex tent, of [;'<'deral agencies. The various tate , co unti es,
citi es, tow11c, an d other gm·ernmenla l enti t ies
and the lcgn ll:v co nstitut cl pul1li c age ncies
t hereof that p ropo e YfP .\_ under taki ngs an•
knoll'n in t heir relnt,ion to t he WP~\ a,, proj ccL
spon sor s. L nof li C'ial or nonpub li c g roups may
not act as pon sors of 1\'P,\ projerts. T hey
m:ty , hm1·c,·er , coopernt ,,·it h t. li e spo nsor in
::-C JIOOL C IIILllHlc:--' llE '\ EFlT t1 RE .ITLY f' HO\I LI :s'C' ll lc"
PHl': l'IHED .l i\ l J c-(E l!l'E I > BY \IP.I \l"OHK Jci{"
26
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PR
t h e planning and prosecution of the proposed
work .
Th e fi rst step in th e !rw,[opment of project
" . rk is the prcp:1rn tion of n project proposal
by the ponsor. The sponsor ma)" reques t
assistance in thi connection from t be state anrl
local 1YP~\ offices. The proj ct propo al contains detailed specification regnrding the ch aracter of t,h e proposed project work; it also
cont ains sectio n - in ,,·hi ch the s ponsor recognizes expli citly the respon ihilities th at h e
assume in proposing the projert.
rpon approYal of th e project proposal h)the state 11PJ.. administration, :1 project :1pplica tion is prepared and uhrni tted to th e central 1YP}l ofli ce in 11ashin gton . In th e applicat ion are included a detailed de crip tion of the
work to he undertaken; t he location of the proposed " ·ork: the ch eel ule of t he n um her of required workers classified by occupation ; th e
e timated cost of the labor, m ate ri als, equipm ent, and sen·ices n ecessar)· to the project's
operation in te rm s f Federal and spon ors'
costs; and other pertinent information. Preliminary plans, specifications, and \\·orking proce lure that h aYe been prepnred hy the sponsor
accompany th e project app li cnt ion, t he n atu re
of the project determining the detail in \,·hich
uch information is r quired.
Review of Project Application
In th e \\·ashin g- ton office of tlie ,YPA th e
project application is referred to the operntin g
di ,·ision h a ,·ing jmisdiction over th e particular
kind of work i1wolvecl , fo r examin ation of
technical pha es an d general desirability o f th e
project. lf fa,·orn ble action i recommended
by th e operating di,·ision. rnrrful study of oth er
aspects of the project's eligibilit:· i th en m ade.
This iiwestigation is ba eel on lega l interpretation of th e Emergenc)' R eli ef Appropri,1 tion
Acts and pertinent Executi.\·e order , rulings of
th Bureau of the Budget and the General Accotm ting Oflice , reconunenda tions of interested
Federal agencies, and the general eligihili t)·
rule, of the 11TP A. Certaii1 of th0 more ge neral
eligibility requirements are noted in the fo llo\\·ing sertion of this statement.
Jf the project application has the f.n·orable
rev ie\\· of the Federal 1YPA, it is submitted for
RAM
Dp])r<ffal I)' th e Pre ident in whom eac h of the
EH .\ .Acts haw w tecl aut hority fo r fin al apprornl of proje ·t . (Applicntions h av-e been
su brni t ted firt to th e F ederal ,Yorks \.gency
ince the cr eation of th at agency on July 1,
19:39. ) 11l1en such fina l approval is given, th
project enter the reservoii· oi approved undertakings from wliicb selection for operation m ay
subsequently be made.
Eligibility Requirements
] 11 reYie,,·ing a pro po al for project "·ork a
n um ber of factors are gi,en careful considerat ion . The project must re. ult in benefit to the
pu I li e and mu t he s uch a to provide \\·ork for
th e unemplo:·ed of th e communi ty in accordance
,,·ith their occupationn l kill . It must be clear,
also, th at the spon or lrn the lega l authority to
engnge in the \\·ork proposed and the authority
to a sume or pr ,·icle for the operation and
mnin ten ance of the comple ted \\·ork if such i
req uired by the n atu re of the project. Th e impronments proposed must be made to public
property, th e O\rner hip of which is ,estecl in
the state or a political ubdivi sion thereof, or a
lega lly constituted public agen cy thereof, and
such property mu st be h eld eith er for the condu ct of normal goYernm ent functions or for th e
general use of the pu hlic.
In excep tional ca e " ·h ere large public benefit ,,·ill result , work on private property m ay be
permitted ,,·h ere leases, easement , or oth er
legal authority granted to the spon or are sufficient in duration to coyer the n ormal expected
life of the improYe ments to be accompli heel hy
means of th e propo eel work .
Consideration i g iY en in the reY iew of proj ects to the djs trihu tion of costs bet wee n labor
and n onlabor item and F eder al and pon ors'
fu nds. This is of import ance because appr ved
projects become pa rt of the reserToir of w· rk
from \\·hich projects a re se lec ted for operation .
ln each state the 1\·P .\. program must be
operated in co nformity 11·itl1 legislati,·e req uirements ,,·hich limit the amount of F edernl fund
nvailable for nonla bor co ts.
ponsors mu t
defray the costs, neces m-_v to the operation of
useful projects, that are in addition to th e cost
for 11·hich F ede ral funds are aYaiJ ab le. The
ER.\. .\. ct of Hl:39, COYering operation after
\VP .-\ l'H< 1.JE 'T .\ CCOl\ l l'LISHl\I E:\'T~ .\:-SD OPER.\TIO:-S,
27
RO\D c,
P .\\' ED
.lllE
STREETS
CO\! l'LE'l'ED AT TII E
t.l
OF ABOUT
I I TE
J\ 111, "S PER IHY
NE\\'
1;,.;n
Jun r :rn, I ~J:39, co n ta in clrfinilt' m1111mum requirrrnent for aYerage ponsors' p::irticipation . 1
Among proj ects ,vb icb nr e not elig ible for
approval und er \ VP A c ri ter in n re those for
cu r rent mainten a n ce work or work w l1 ich is R.
r e urrent r espon s ibility of th e s pon sor o r " ·bich
would dis place or prHent t h e emp loym ent of
per onn el by the sp o nsor, s uch a n ormnllv
11·o uld be clone by the spon sor witho ut I\'
n i ta n ce . The o bj ec t of this rest riction is to
, ,·o id th e prosecut io n of proj ecL 11·hic h " ·otild
di plnce perso nn el regu la rl_v e mployed by the
pon sor or by o rn e ot h er agen cy.
of work rein ti nO'
Proposals for cer tain types
,...
.
to th e a t iYitie of variou s Federal ,wrncirs
r quire r view by t h e int er ested ag~n cirs.
Thu s applic, tion s for proj ect in volv in g w ork
on or nlong highwa ys in th e Fed eral-aid ystern
nr e ubject to r eview nnd npproval by th e
Public R oa ds Admini trntion (the Bureau of
Publi c R oads o f th e D e1 nr tme nt o f .Agriculture
prior to th e e A'ect iYe date of Jfrorgan iz:1 tion
r eq uirePlan I o. 1). Th e purpose of
ment i to perm it th e 1YPA to o bt ,1in adnrnhwe
of th techr~ical expe ri ence of t hr Public R o:1Js
Adminis tration nnd to in ure that th e work
accom pli h cl ,vill co nfo rm to ge neral policirs
of t hat agen cy a nd not co nflict 11-ith proposrd
work which wi ll be trnder its s u peni s io n .
PA
ui
Airport nnd ri inrn_y projrc t :ll' C' . ubjrcl to
th e :1pp rova l o f the 'iYil .\.ero n,1ut ie Auth ority
1
See page 10.
" ·ith r es pect to th e loc;1 tion of tlw 11·o rk and t he
technica l aeron nuticn l feature i,wo]y I. Flood
con trol a nd navi,;able s trc:1m improv emen t projects are s ubj ect to r evi w , a pproval, a nd
ad visor y t echni nl s upervis io n by th e appropriate dis trict engineer of th e Corp of Engineers. Commu ni ty an it ation , malaria control, and mine-sea lin g neti,·i t ics ar e subj ect to
a pproval and technic:11 s uper v i ion of t h e
e1T iee, a nd crrtain type of
Public H ealth
drnina ge a nd land r l:1mat io11 " ·o r k affect in g
\\-il c!Jife habitat s require apprnrnl of t he
Bureau of Biolog ica l Su r vey.
Th e Nationa l Pnrk Seffice n o t on ly r eYie" ·s
proj ect for w ork wi t hin ti 1c na t io ;inl pa rk s
und er i ts jurisdict io n but a lso 1 ro,·id es a
simil ar type of cxnrn in ation a nd n•c1mu11cndation o n proj ects in s tnte a nd loca l p1l rk , parkways, a nd r ecr entiona l areas. Constru ctio n
projects for th e restorat ion or r e hnb ili tat ion of
:1rrlwolog- icnl a nd l1is toric,1 J nrr:1s o r stru ctu res
also nrc subject to rc,·ic" · by t ill' ~ :1tional l\Hk
' ernce.
Selection for Operation
Pla cin g a proj <·d in opPra lion i,n·o lY<'S a
S(' lcC'lio n pro PSS for 11·hic h t lw sttt te \ \' Pj,.
adm inist rator is res pon s ib le, in add i tion to t be
proct'SS throug h whi ch th e pro j PC't ,1pplic,1tion
h11s pa .. sed pri or to n pproval . On e of t l1t' foremo t co nsickrnt ions in s<'I PC't in g a proj ect for
prOSl'Cution is, of c·ot11·sl', t h<' 11<·t•d f r the
2
R E PORT 0 1. PROG RESS OF T H E \\'PA PROG R AM
Pmploym r nt " ·liich th r proj Pct \\·011lcl pro Yid r
:ind th <' in111wdi,1t r llY:1ilnhilit)· of th e kind s of
Jn hor r eqllin'd for th r " ·ork . Th e F ed er:11 cos t
ptr nrnn-montli , tlw porti o n of th P cos t to be
ddrayr d b)· th e proj ec t s ponsor , tlw social
b 01w fit , and tlw Pconomic u ' efllliw ' s of th 0 " ·ork
proposrd , :ill influ r nc r th . r l<·ction of proj ects
for nc tual op('r:1tion . Th e pn'fcrt'nce of th e
spon or for llnd !'rt nkin g Oil <' :1ppropri,1tl' proj ect
in adYancc of an o th er i .1 d et ermining fa c tor.
Prosecution of Projects
~-Ht er :rn und t,rtnkin g h:1, b en srlrc t r d for
01w r,1tion , :1 proj ec t r ngin ('rr o r proj ec t up t·rYisor is sel<'ct ed h~- th r loc nl oflic e of th r WPA
nnd th e sc lwduks of " ·ork nntl of rnnt erial and
equipm ent d r liY Prie' arr arra11 ged h t' hn't'll th e
op 0rn tin g cliYision conc r n w d ,rncl th r s pon sor.
Th e nutb orit)· of th e po nsor is n o t ext'rci eel
in such a rn:rnn r r a to conflic t with th e n 'gulation s of tlw 'l\' P ~\., b11t full consid <'ration is gin'n
to th e r ecommt'1Hla tion s of th e s ponsor r egnrding
th e conduct of \\·ork , th e S('Cjll l' nce of 01w r:1 tio ns,
m ethod to b e empl oy ('d . and th e int <' rpn' t:1tion
of plans nnd c- p<' ilication which mu st h t' fu rni h eel by tlw sponsor. 'IYhen all dl'l ail of
workin g proct'dure ha n' h een d eVl'lOp('d, th e
work ers Jll'C'l'SS,HY for proj ect op l' r:1 tions :i r e
r equi ' itioll <'d front tlw Di Yision of Empl o_,·nw nt
by th e diYision h :1Yin g SUJH'ITision of till' proj ct,
USU[lllr b)' th e proj C'C't , ll])l' l"Yi sor.
During th e course of th e " ·ork th e proj ec t
sup en -iso r is respo nsibl e for t li t' eflic-ient operation of th e urnk rt ak ing- to th e loc:il representatiYe of th e 'IYPA opl' r:1ting diYi sion having
jurisdiction OYl' r th e proj pct. T o thl' necessary
l'Xten t th e proj ect sp on sor is required to furnish uch clem ents a tec lmic- ,il ath·ice , inspec tion , and , 11pe1T is0ry ass is tance . Th e sponsor
and the project ,,upe1Tisor coopera te in arranging fo r th e sponsor 's share ol the m;1t e rials,
eq uipment , [l Jlli se n ·ice to he on h:rnd nt th e
proj ect sil l' wh l'n n eeded . Frequ ent ins pection
by th e lo<" ,11 r epresentn ti n of the 'IYP ~\. and
r ep orts n t sc- li Pduled intc 1-Yals kC'cp th e local
,YP.A office i11formed of tlw progress of th e work.
Fiscal control of th e pro ject is nrnintninC'd hy
th e Di...-ision of F iiw nee of th e ,Y PJ. n nd the
Treas ury s t ate accoun t_ offi ce . All docum ent ' r elating to ohligntion and expenditUTes
for both lahor :1ncl nonbhor items :ire initi a ted
hy th e Finn ll l' l' Di \·ision for a ti on by the
Treasury D e p,u tm ent. Th e Finan e DiYi ion
nl o r l'corcl s th l' receipt of tl1 0 l' items f projec t
co t \\·hic h th e s ponsor h:1s ag reed to as ' ume.
A continu ous check is maintained to mak e certain t lrn.t Federal ex penditures on th e project
d o not exceed the :1mo unt approYed in th
projec t applica tion or s uch uhliinitation a
mn:- haw been presc-rih ecl b:· th e 'IYP .r\..
All po sihle s teps :ne tn ken, e\-en before the
proje ct is heg un, to proYidc sn fe working condition . Buildings nre ins pec ted for fire, acc ident , and he;1lth h n anl s; tru cks and other
Yehicles of trnn spo rtation mu s t [lti f:v safety
requirement . During the course of operation , reg ubr inspect ions m:1ke effecti,·e the
appliention of comprl'h ensiw safct:· regulation .
Only experi en cl'd m en 111[1)' be assigned to job
iin-oh ·ing unu s ual haw rd s nnd \\·orker in
genernl mu s t hC' fomilinri zC'd \\·ith J recnution[lr)- mea tlre ' if these :i re nec es ar_v.
Elimination of dnnger from fire i a contant objN' tin and th e r egulation s pecify
pnrticular ca re in h andling and torin g ii1fl,rnrnrnblc nnd ex plosiw materials. P eriodic
inspC' ction is required for tool , machinery,
and other equipment , inclucli_ng trucks. On
ce rt:1in t)' pes of jobs spec ial cle,-ice for the
prot ec tion of th e ,\·orker . s uch a goggles,
rl'spin1 tors. and hl'lmets mu s t b e provided.
ProYisions [lre nlso rn a.cle for nssi tance wh en
nccidents occur, \1·ith firs t-aid kits and p rson
qualifi ed to nclminis ter firs t aid always aYailabl e.
Project Expenditures and
Related Information
Approved Projects
Th e 1YP A cons tnntl.1· has nYnilable for operntion a large rese 1Te of apprond proj ecL " ·hich
en a bl es it to nclju , t its prog-ram quickly and
l' ffi C- i<'ntl:, . Th e r ese tTe is s ufficiently large
ii1 size to p ermit n , ubstn ntial increase " ·h en
n eeded in th e number o f jobs proYid ecl for unemploye l " ·ork er and sufficiently cliYer ificd
a to the t)Tpes of work to permit adjustm ent of
th e progrnm to shift s in th e occupational chara teri tic of 1memploy ed workers.
WPA PR J E TA
OMPLISilll l ENT ' AND Ol'ER.\Tl O.N'S
Proj ecL npprond b)· th e Prrsiclrnt under
th r E H.A .\..d s of ]9:35, 10 36, 10:1, , .md nns
numbered in t h hundrr d. of t h ou sn nds :rncl
th ei r cs tima tr d co t in F ede r nl fund ,-, as of
.June 30 , 1930, amounted to a b o ut :·J0,000,000,000. Th e cos t tot:11 inducl r t he rnlt1 (' of " ·ork
project s th at h nd h r n p ]n.ced in opN:1t ion hy
tbat time a , " ·ell :ls th e Y:1.lu e of :lll projt'ct
" ·ork t h nt \\':l s held in rpsr 1Te nt th e Lime; it
doc not i:nd11cle project ,1 uth o riz,1t ion , of t he
N atioru:i l Y o u th 1\ dminis trntion or th e valu e of
project oper:1t ed by o th er :1gc11 c ies " ·ith funds
tran fen rcl from t he 1T PA . Spon so r ' fund s
p lccl gccl to \\·,ucl clcfr:wing pro ject
x pensc
totaled ·2,397 ,000 ,000 for all the a ppro ,·ecl
projects. Conse qu ently t h e es tim a ted total
cost of all projrcts approwd t h roug h ,June 30,
1939, agg reg11trcl ·12 , 54 ,000 .000.
Und e r t h e E RA ~\.. t of 103c nlone the t otal
estimated valu e of appro,·cd projec ts :~mounted
to n ea rl)· $3,7 7--1 ,000,000. Sp onsors' 1 ledgrs
of $ 30 ,000 ,000 acco unt ed fo r 22 pe rcen t of
t hi, tota l as compared wi th a b out 10 perc-rnt
ver th e fou r years endin g in ,June l 0: 9.
Bighwa y , road, and s treet projects as a pproved
du rin g th e las t yea r reprc. cnte d -! 3 perc ent of
th yc:i r 's total v :1l11 e o f app roved p rojects .
"\Yhi te colhn projects 8CCOlmtcd fo r ne:,rl)· 13
per ent of th e totn l , e" ·cr sy stem und ot her
TARLE
1 0 . -TnT A L
E'-''l' I ~L\TF.D
Cn ,-T
OF
PR O JE CT S
APP H.0\'ED BY T H E P R 1;: ,;11)£X'l' UXDER T II E ER.\ A <' T
OF 193X FOR On;RAT IO X RY T H C: \\' PA , BY :\ J.~JOR
TYP E>; OF P no.1ECT" AXD BY FioPHC'ES oF Fcxo,;
As OF J u ,rn 30, 1939
[Amrnu1l s in I ho11:--a nd s]
~ponsors ·
Fund s
Total
Fed(•ral
Fund s
'l' ype of Project
l 'n•
.\ mount c·(•nt
..\ mount
of
t o tal
Total ··--·---·--·-- $:J. ,;:i. 94:l
Il ighways , road s . and
stn•N s. __ ____ ___ __ ___
Public buildings ____ ·Parks and other reCr('ationa l facilities __
C'om,;en ·ation
_
~l'WN sys tt.~m s and ol hl'r
tllilities
_____
__
Airports and other tran sportation faC'ilitiC's. __ __ _
White collar
St''"·ing
__ ------ ===== === ==
,oods, oth r than scwiog _
Sanit ation an<l hC'alth
) l iscc•llanPo11s ___
---
:!:?a. . .,a,
II )~l. ; ;~tl
:1 .... 2
!10, :!-t .l
i. 1
3. .j
21~. o,.~
Hl:!, ~li-l
:11. ;; ....
9. h
2,-.,1,
1.r;:n . .rn1
1.
:{-HI , fi2/
2H7, HlG
127, 7S2
u:J. 1:i.,
17:l. ,02
23!1, 25~1
IHI. 4~1
110. 2., ~
n .3sl
2. 5
12. 5
fl. 3
l
n
:J l
I. 2
~:,!I.
l!t , 3!il
tl57
:il . ~!11
; I. 2H:,
2,. :n1
l fl, Jf)."1
2 1, /:!I i
II ), iGfi
34. 2
15. i
11 ,
1/i ....
1~ i
21. 3
29
puhlic 11tilit)· work , for JO p0 rren t , and puhli C'
bu ildi n g" uncl erl nk in µ:s, fo r \l p c rC'cn t. Proj ects for t he oprni tion of e \\'in1; room s and
for t he improYrmrnt of r ec rrnti011:1l fa cilities
a lso " ·er e imp or t:rnt , ,1s j , s ho \\·n in Tttbl e 10.
Project Expenditu res
E x penditures of Fr,kral and spo nsors ' f11nd s
for th e prosrcution of 1YP~\. proj ects t11lwunted
to %2 ,.5.5 ,o:3::5 ,000 du rin g the ) ' C' :H l'nding ,lun e
~O , l039 . Th e total " ·as s ubs tantially larger
than th e s um s pt1id Ollt in ea rli er yrars, a s nm)·
he see n in T a bl e 11. Proj ect rxpcnd iturcs
li aYe , of cou r e, vn ri cd with t he I Ycl of proj ect
operntion s a nd th r numhn of \\TP A emplo yees .
Th e larger ex pendit u res of t he last hsc al
yenr res u I trd p rirn a r i ly fro m t li c con l in ued
expn ns ion o f proj ect act iYit ie fo llow in g t h e
, h a rp d ee-lin e in pr in1tr employmen t that h 0gan
in th r latt r r h alf of rn:n . Th e innrase in t he
. cope of \\'PA o p crn tion s took pin ce oYer a
p ri od of fib u t on e year. Continu ed fai lure
to hnd jo h in p r iYate in du s try forc ed u 11 ernploycd workers firs t to dr:1w upon s ayings,
un empl oym ent comp e nsatio n eredit s , and other
reso urc es a nd CYc n tw1 lly to seek ass is t a nce from
reli ef agcn eics a n d th e "\YPA. Ad d itional foetors co 11 trihutin g to t h e ex pm1 s io n toward th e
e nd o f th e period were t,be New En gland lrnrricn ne ,rn d fl ood s of Scptemher 1 rl >{ , n nd t h e
, cri o us condi t ion oft n:rnt l'.lnn ers and bhor er s
in t he Sout h.
Th e cu lminn t ion of th e cxpnn s ion i11 11PA
actiYit ies is refketccl in a tota l project expenclitme of alrn o t ,'.70 0,000.0 00 duri ng t h e t hree
m onth s end in g Dc crrnb cr 3 1, 19:3H. ~ Including
bot h F cdl'r:tl and spon so rs· rx p c nclitlm's t hi~'
to t a l is larger t han orrcs po11di11 g ,l m o unts
used in any ot lt e r qu:1rter ;; inc t he i11iti,1tion
of lli '\Y PA prog r:1111 . ~\..pproxi m ,1tely $6:3 5,000 .000 ,ms cxp rn d r d on '\YP"\.. proj ert acti,·ities duri11 g th e tl1rce-mont li periocl pr C'cdi ng,
:rnd du r in g t bc thrcc-mont li 1wriod rn-eN' ding,
tl1e quc1rt c r of larg r s t outln.'·s . Jn the . \.. prilJun r Hl:3\l qua r ter projrct ex pe nditures o{
s pon so rs' and Fcdc'rnl fund s a m ou nt ed to nbout
.5 85,000,000. Tol:11 expc nditurrs for W PA
projec ts durin g t he four y e:11·s e nding .l un e 30 ,
1939, we re ~7 ,!i7(j ,2:i0,000. (See Table 11 on
the foll ow in g p:1 ge. )
REPORT ON" PROC:RES
T AB LE
11.-
EXPENDITURE>, ON
OF T I-Iii: WP.\ PROC:RA.M
\\ PA- OPERATED Pno.JE('TS, Hl
Fu,CA I, Y E.\ H S .\ND BY , O O H ES OF F OND
[In th ous'1n<ls]
:-,ponsors' Fund s
Yea r Ernlill~ JUne :30
F'e deral Funds
T ola!
-.\ mount
--
$7, 6if>, 254
t93fi
Ott hrr- Deremher Hl3i
Jan11a ry-:..\ [arch 193,
.\ pnl Ju ne I93S
July-~ernern her ltl3.. ,
Oetoher--l>eec111her 19~'
Ja11 unr ;· i\ f nrch 1939
A pnl- Jun e 1939
A lnclu<les pu rchases
or lanrl,
tota l
I
$6. 373, 417
$i,302,X37
1. 193, ,5, 5
I , 751 . 293
132. ,go
~01 , 671
H i
17 0
IO. 0
,,o
I. 363,5 12
375,23>,
21 fi
37f.. 3r,,
3,1, 013
120, 130
555. 2fi9
292, 7fi3
2S3, 923
33,, fi39
448 , 2! 7
, 3, 60fi
22 2
25 ..i
2. .55~. 035
2,064,997
493, 03,
19 3
fi3~. 644
699,
635, 44 ,5
584, 073
527,2'19
235
506, 39~
463. 155
111. 43j
13 1, 63,
129, 0-17
120, 9 1,
20. 3
20. i
I 73..;,
Jul y-~eptemher IH37
Pcreen t or
I ---
1.:i2r,,n5
2,052, 96-t
I
1q37
A
--
~73 1
w,.
97. o,g
87,49 1
107. 052
"
20
19 3
Ii I
18. ,',
lnnrl lr ;1c.es, ea"-e rnrnt s, 'lml ri gh ts-of-way.
Source . F e1 lernl funJ s reJire:seut \'OUthe1 p:t) n1ents as reported by tbe Treasur y Department; s ponsors' fun ds are hased on \\'PA repor ts o f spon~i ,rs'
rert ifica t ions.
Spon so rs ' Funds
Project ex pend iture. m th e 12-m ont h period
endin g J une 1939 includ ed . ·2,0u4,997 ,UOO in
Federal fund s nnd $493,03 ,000 in sponsors'
fund . As a gr up , th e vn rio us sponsorss tn te dep ar tm ent , co un ty boa rd s , C'ity <·o uncils ,
t0\n1s bip tru s teen, and ot her p11h liC' bod iesdefrayed 19.3 per('ent of totnl projcd ('Osts during the year. Th earnountof s pon, ors' expen cliturcs bas in C" reascd signifiC'antl)· sin ce t he first
ye ar\ of t h program 's operat ions. Th e ·493 ,03 L,000 tota l for th e yea r endin g in ,Jun e 1939
was nn in C" rease of near ly $ I 18,000 ,000 l>Yer the
precedin g year and of . 191,000,000 oYer th e
ye:1 r endin g in June 1937. On a quarte r!)· basis
sponsors' o utl ays \,-ere at t heir peak, ,' ] 31,63 ,000, durin g th e Octo ber- D ecemb er quar ter o f
193 . (Sec T able 11. )
Spon so rs' co ntr ibutio ns haYe tended to increase on a perC'en tage basis, as "·ell as in total
amo unt , in(' e the initiation of 1YPA operat ion .
HmveYer, sponsors were unn bl e to increase th eir
expenditures in the ame proport ion as t he
l ◄'r d r rnl Government when rapid expansion in
\\'PA employme nt beca me ncC'cssary heginning
in t he fa ll of 1937. Conseque ntl y, th e perC'entagc of ponsors' expe ndi tures wa som ewh at
l0wer in th e yea r ending ,Jun e 30, 1939, than in
the preYio us 12-rnon tb pr riod , t he fig ures being
Hl .3 and 21.6, rcsp ectivrly. Th e J 9.3 p er cen t
repo rted fo r the yea r end ing Jun e 30, 1939, is
con id era bly high er tha n th e 10.0 percent and
14.7 pen·e n t r ecord ed for the fi scn l :vear endin O'
Jun e :30, 10%, and 193 7, rcspcd i\·cly .
In gen eral , an expanding or rclnt ively high
level of project operations h as been associated
with mail er per C'e nta;e expen ditu res of sponsors eve n t ho ugh th e amo unts o f s ponsors' fun cls
ha ve i ncre:1 , eel u bstantia lly " -i th th e exp an led
act iYities. This is a re ult of the F ecl e rnl Govern ment's 11bility with its greater finan cial r eo ur('e. to dea l ,,-ith eme rge ncy it uat ions and
rapid incre:1 scs in th e n eed for project employment more quiC' k.ly ~md acl e 1u ately th:rn state
and loca l go ,·ernm ents.
Sp onsor ' fund s on a relat ive basis were
gr ca test (n m oun ting to alm os t a fourth of the
tota l ) in t he last half of 1937 wh en WPA
em ploym ent wa at a low leve l foll owin g a
pNiocl of contrac tion. T)rpi cal rela tion ship
nre nl o fou nd in th e last fi. ca l year. EYen
t hough t he nmou nt of sponsors' fund s expended
denea eel from t he 131 63 ,000 expe nd ed in
t he October- D ecC'mber 193 qu art er to th e
$ 120,9 18, 000 expe nd ed in th e April- Jun e
Hn0 qua rt er , th e relntiYe volum e of sponsor '
to 20.7
expenditure increased from J •
perC' ent of total proj ect costs. Over the fouryea r period in " -1,ich th e WPA h a bren in
31
WPA PROJ E "I' A COM PLISHME "' I'S AN D O PERATI ONS
operuti n , projrrt p onsors h ave born e 17 .0
l rcent or $1,3 02,837,000, of t h e total cos ts of
project oper atio n .
CHART 3
EXPENDITURES ON WPA - OPERATED PROJECTS
BY MAJOR TYPES Of PROJECTS AND
BY SOU RCES Of FUNDS
Cumulative through June 30, 1939, and Year Ending June 3 0 , 1939
Types of Projects
WPA proj ect work hn s he.en conducted
alm o t exclu iYely th rough t he operu tion of
tate work progrum s. The rel atively s m a ll
:unount of work which ha b een prosec u tecl
thr ugh t h e op er ation of Federal Nation-wide
projects accounted for only 2 p erce nt of pr jert
expencli t u r es throu g h June 30, l 939. Th e
N ation-wicl e proj erts h ave been p on sorecl by
F ederal agen r ies and h nve emph a ize cl w hit e
oll ar activitie. .2 Preclominnnt a m on g th em
ha ve b een the und er ta kin gs spon sored by t h e
WPA, including the Federal ar ts project. , th e
hi toricn l record s s urvey, and t h e s tudy of
r eem p loym en t op p or t unities a nd r ecent ch anges
in in lustrial techniqu es .
HICHW .. YS, 1'10 .. DS, .. N O
STA[ [TS
S CW[R S YST[ M S ._HO
O THCA V TII.ITICS
PAR!($ AN OOTH CA
R[Cl'IU.TIO HA I. rACIUTl£5
A.1RPO l'fl S HID o n•Cl'I
TR.AN SPOATATIO N , .. c ,1.rnt.S
r'l:OEIIA1. S PO N50AS'
T AB L E 1 2 .- EXPEND I Tl'RE S 01' FEnERAL A N D SPON SOR,:'
F oN D s o N vTP A - 0 1·ERATEn PROJE CT"', RY M A.ion
TYPE f: 01' P HOH:CT S
r~/
§==j ;::."l~~•l~;>"lh
I
lllillllillll ::::~'.'~~
FV NDS
r u NOS
C U M U LAT IVE TH R<HTGTT , AND YEAR ENDI NG J UN E 30 , 1939
Cumulati n·
lh rou g h J1111c
30, 19~9
Y ea r End ing
Jun e 30 . 1n39
Type of Project
P erce nt
Amou11t
T ota l .
_______________ $7. l\7fi, 2o3. 945
I Pe r-
•\. m ount
.
ce nt
,.,x. 03.,. 229
IO0. 0 $2..
100. 0
1 - - - - - 1 - - - .• - - - - - -
High,vay'-. roads, and stree ts_ 2. 93fi, Ifi9. 121
Public buildings _____
82, . 43G. 8 0
P arks and other recreatioOar
7~i. S7l. 4!)fi
facili ties
------------on,;;er,-ation
:l 12. 2Pi0. 4RO
Sr wrr systems and other 11 tilities
71\2, .,99,
--- - - ----Airpor ts
ot h r transpor197. 280. 528
tatioo facilities ------- ...
9 :,. 99 1. 719
\\'h ite collar
7721
-ancl
Srwi og__
____
Goods, othrr than sewin ~-
5 13. 766. ,191;
10 1. 179. 191 1
174. 3 11. 324
I ~6. 3S0. 979
Sanita tion and health _ .....
J\Itscella neous ,, ..... _... - ___
38. 3 J. 090. •136 .•; 12
2r..1. 079. r;3~
10. S
·12. 6
10. 3
9. G
4. l
19fi. 004 , 74t i
9~. 444 . .,3 I
7. 7
3. 9
9. 9
24.ll, S!l.~. S71-i
9. (;
1§:~
6. 7
1. 3
2. 3
l. 6
lifi.022. 198
32:l. 177, 185
14~. 52·1. 217
28. 195. 7Y5
•19. 202, 33!\
5 1. 092. ]f,7
2. {i
12. 6
5. (i
I. I
I. 9
2. I
1
' foclu des adj11stnw nt of Fcc.kra\ c•, pc ncliturrs to to tal re ported tl\· th r
'I'rrasury and sponsors' ex penditures for Janel . lc1 ocl leas s, easP m(•nts.
and ri ghts-or-way. fo r which the distribution by t y pe of project is not
arn ila hle.
Source: \VP A state ofli eC' report s.
tate work program proj ect s a rc undcrtnkings th at have been propo eel n ncl s pon or et l in
the areas wh e re the work is clone . Th ey nre
p on sorecl hy s tate and loca l public b odies nncl,
to a very lirnite l ex tent, by Fedcrn l agenc ies
u h as th e Qu nr ten nn . te r orps, th e Bureau
1 The ope ralioo of projects sponsored onl y by the \VP .\
tinu ed under pro\'isions of 1he EHA 1\ c l of 193!=1; see page 9.
w 1;1S
discon-
of Yards Ull( I D ock , an d the Forest Se rvi c.
Th e initiation of th e projects in th e communities
where th ey nre carri ed on h as b een the primary
facto r in adapting the YVPA program to th e
p a r tic ulnr n eed s of t'ac h communi ty .
Approximatel)' four-fifth s of t he totn l funds
expended on WP.A proj ects (82 p e rcent during
th e la '; fi scnl year ) Ii ave bee n u sed for co ns truc tion pro jec ts. Se\\' in g room ope rations nrnl
white coll ar work ha ve accoun te d fo r th e noncon s truct ion acti vities conducted unde r t he
'\YPA . Th e high way , road , nn d s treet proj ects
of th e WPA h ave predorni11ated amo ng th e
major types of work . Proj ects of t his kind
w e re of even g ren tor import,111 ce d1 1rin g th e
yea r endin g ,J1me :30 , Hl3n, tkrn in ea rli e r years.
As sh own in TahJe L . , th ey 11ccountrd fo r
almos t 43 percent of t li e p roject exp c11di tmes
of th r Ins t fi sc al yen r ns compa r ed witJ1 3 percent over th e r1 1t in' prriod .
1Vl1i te co llt\r prnjrcl s a a g rnup, incl udin g
the ed11 cat im1 a 11d recreat ion prog ram , resea rc h and 8un·ey proj ects, h om e eco 11omi ·s an<l
32
REP ORT O.'\" PHOC:RE S,
OF THE WP.\ PROGRAM
un dertake n . Tl1 c hi?- h\\':1:·, road, :1nd str eet
\\'ork, whic h acc ounted for 43 perce nt of the
f1111ds ex pended on n cou ntry-\\-ide bnsis in the
)·r :ll' end in g ,June :30, 1!130. ,rn r ela tinl_,· mo t
importn.n t in \Yest Yirgini8 11·her e it acc ounted
for approx imately G:3 per cent of the aggregate ,
and in P cnn s)-h·nn ia . . b·kan as , T enn e see , and
,\ ri zona \\·her e it represented more than 60
percent of tota l ex penditures . (See Table
of t he appcn lix.) Outla~- for public buildin g .
:n·rragin g l O per ·e nt fo r all tatcs com bin ed,
constit uted 2-! percen t of the :vear 's disbursem ents for proj ect work in X ew ":-!Cxico and 21
percent in th e Distr ict of C lumbi a and in
South Carolina .
Th e consen ·ntion program wa. m ost ernpli:1 sizcd in I da ho n nd R !, ode L lnnd 11·her e it
arco untcd for more than a fourt.h of proj ect
costs. In other Ne"· En gland states, as well
ns in Rh od e I sl:rnd . exp en ditures for con se1T8 t.ion work wer e rel a ti,·ely mu ch larger in the
l:1. t fiscn l )' ear th nn in preYiou s )' Cars as a
res ult of th e September 193 hurrican e . . 811It:1tion and health 1rnrk 11·as tressed in the
, outh. \Yitl1 r rgnrd to outl a)' fo r ll'hite co ll ar
projects , Ca liforni a , th e Dis trict of Co lumbi a,
X r 11· Y mk , and Yirginia s u hs tnn ti,1 II)· cxceed r l
tlw nation:11 :11·rr :1gr of 1:3 JWrcent.
The differen ces in the relatiw importan ce of
,·ario us t Ypcs of proj ec ts nmon g t he s tates are
att rihut a hl e to the needs of th e cornmunitic
for th e kind s of work ca rrir cl on . the skill s nncl
experien ce of unempl O)' Cci worker in the nrea .
nnd the :1 bility of spon sors to pro,-id c m ateria ls
:rnd equipm ent for the projcrt s_ In;,smu ch as
rx pcnditurcs of F edera l fund s a rc principnll)'
clrYotecl to pa:n11ents of ,rn ges of "\Y P.\_ ,rnrkers
"·ith onl:· th e minimum 11ecrs a1y for effici r nt
projrct operation use d for nonlabor pmposes,
projects ill\·oh·in g- li eay:· nonlabor costs haYe .
in gr neral_ been und ert nken on])· wh ere sponso rs luwe been :1 hie to proYiclr n large portion
of t he nec·pss:i ry rn:itrrinl s and equipm ent.
x,·r
LABOHEH S FRU.\I s 1-<: _\H-B IU :·1 FIE:LI>,- LE _\H:S- 1:SG TO
HE.\IJ _\ l\ll \\- HITE
rlcricnl ,rnrk. :rnd lhc F'vckrall~- sponsored :l!'ts
progra m ncc ou11t cd fo r nlmost 13 1w rccnt of a ll
expenditures both in the ia , t fi sc:1! Ycnr and
o,·er lhc entire period of operation s. C ons tru cti on work on public buildin gs, such as schools ,
l ibrarics , courth ol! ses, cit~- ln1lls, fire st ation s ,
and a rmories nccount ed for sligh tly m ore tb:111
10 percent of to lal outl:,:,·s, n11d public ut ilit~projects, prirn·ip:111:Y for th e in s tallmen t and
improY crncnt of sewer and 1n1ter systems, for :1
little less than 10 p ercent. Tli esc proportions
" ·ere :1hout th e sa me i11 lh c ~-car endin g .Jun
30. H-139 , as in the f ur years of act i,·it ics,
eYiclcn cc th a t th ese kinds of act iYities \\·c rc
cxpa11dcd in th e last fi sc nl )·ear ;1t rntes eqll:11
to th c gen era l i11c rc:1se in the scale of opc r:1tio11 s_
Projects in Yoh-ing th e deYclopmcnt or impro n 'nwnt of p:Hks and oth er rec rcat ion:11
fa cilities- , ucl1 as pla~·grounds, a th le tie fi elds.
tennis courts, :rnd golf cm11·s s- accoun trd for
8 percen t of the las t fiscal year's cxpcn ditu rrs.
Outlays for se\\·in g projects represented [j
pcrcc11t of the lota L TJ1 c relnt iYe import:rnce
of th ese (Im major t)·pcs of proj rc ts dent•:1sc,l
sligh tly in th e In st fisca l ~-car si11ee th e_,- a ,·co un t r d for 10 a nd 7 J)l'rcent, rcspectiYe l~-. of
th e cumulated tot:1 ls for the entire p erio d of
"\\'PA n1w ra tion. through ,Jun e 30, 19:3\l. .\_ ,
in the preYious ~-e:us conscnation acti,·iti es,
ai rport and other tra11sportation l':icilit)· pro jects, sa nitation :rntl h ea lth 11·or k, ,rn d goods
projec-ts oth er thnn scll'ing eac h accounted for
Je:=;s than .') pcr('cllt of totnl proj ect rosts.
Con. id cr nble din:'rsit)· cxi ts among t he
se, em ! -; tat e programs in t he relat iYe importance of nu·ious typct\ of projects t h:1t lia,·e been
Objects of Expenditure
\\'age p:1yments to proj ec t employees durin g
th e :"ear end ing ,Jun e 30, 19: 9, amounted to
.'· J,fl58. 000 ,000 and compri . ecl 77 percent of
tlie to tal project outlays of th e F ecl ern l OoYe rn men t :rn d spon ' o rs. Tb e perccll tn g-e in th e
" ' PA PROJ E T A CO MPLISHME KTS A:-:D OPERA.TI N'
T AB LE
13.-
ExPENDITl'RES ox \\' PA - OPER.\'L'ED PROJECTS, BY OBJ ECT!', OF ExPEND L' IT !lE IND 8\ ~ Ol' R('E,-; OF
CU M l'LATl\' E 1IIROl'GH,
\ NI) YE .\H
Fvxos
E-.;ni~,; J1_ '-l 30. H,Jg
I \mounts m 1housantls]
C umulntne 1hroug-h Ju ne 30, 1939
Object or l~, pernliture
Totnl
S ponsors' fund s
1---
fund s
Total
_____ ... __
Purchases of m ateria ls , supplies , a nd
eq uipm en t.
P ercen t
of Lot31
$i, fi7f-i, 2:i4
100. 0
5. 850,272
ifi. 2
I , 037, 722
t:l.5
,137, 12:l
600,599
Other' ___
____
-----------------
$6,373, 41 7
$ 1,302, 37
17. 0
fund ::.
reent
.\m oun t Pe
(If total
A 111 ount
Pcrc·e11t
$2, 558, 03.,
IOO. 0
$2, 0(i4, 997
$-rn:i. o:i,
71j. :l
I. 881. 020
76, 6·13
-1. I
11 :i, 075
22,. 56a
ofi. ➔
1 ➔ 9,
-------l. 957, 66:l
-1. 0
224, 384
,ii. 9
342, f.38
13. I
19. 3
8. 4
266, ii9fi
3,8, 801
;JS 7
200. ifi l
~. 2
fiO. 174
290
,I 2
370, .'"lfi3
27, 1;-: I
1.8
0. I
19 1,270
20, fi6.i
179, 29:J
120, ~91
:J, 105
1.8
0. I
49, LOT
I, LOO
71. 1:-.. 1
11.~Hl
48. -1
2-1 8
,i9 . .t
fl-t.fi
2:30.fiifl
Jf,, 77-t
1-12, /fi:~
3. 0
0. 2
I. 9
51,983
178, fi93
13, g9r,
99,
7i . 5
83. l
69 -I
in, fiHfi
6. 202
47,970
9,824
4-13
8, -12.,
fi~. 7-1 2
\jj
0. 2
I. 9
:i. 7,e,9
39, :il2
92. ~I
H 0
Renta l of equipment_· ··- .. ·-------- -1\f otor ,-eh icles ___ _ ____________ __
Teams and wa go ns
.
Pa,· in ~ and ot he r road-bui lding machi ne ry and ef}uipment
Ot her. including oOke eq uipment
!-sponsors' funds
federal
Amount
Perso nal sen·ires
T otal
Federal
2. ;7~
43, 7 10
o.,3
3.
I
2. 00.1
.
-" Includ ing spon sors' purc-lrn se~ of land. lnnd leases, eu~ernents, and nghl~•of.,,ay.
Source : 11· P A state office report s.
la t fi ral yea r \\·as approx im ate !)' th e snrn e as
t he cumula tive fig ure npplyin g to the pe riod
from th e summ er of 1935 to ,Jun e 1939 . (Sec
T a b le 13 .) Mos t of t he ,rngc pn y m cn ts h nvc
been nm le from F ed era l fund s (96 percent in
tli e l:i t yea r nnd in th e four ,ven rs o f op erntion s). The relatiwly snrnll am o un ts pro,,icl ed
by spon o rs ltaYe been use d for th e ,rnges nnd
ala ri c pa id to specia lly qua li fied cmplo_vces
of ponsors \\·ho are necessa ry for t l1 e prosec ution f project .
A major p rtion of t he out ln)·s for nonlabor
pu r po;:;es has been u eel in t he pu rck1 se of t he
upp lie , m ateri als, an d equipm ent required for
project o pern t ions. 3 Sue h expend itures ,lC'co un ted fo r $343, 000 ,000 of t he $(j00,000 ,000
ex pended for nonla bor items durin g t l1 e ) ' t' ,ll'
endin g Jun e 30 , Hl 39. R enta ls of equ ipment
tota led ."'.2 I 0 ,000 ,000 ; uncl th e Yn rio u. ot l1 cr
non lnbo r cos t of proj ect actiYit ies, ,·,t .000 ,000.
Th e r elati,·e amo un ts expended d ur in g t he I.1 s t
6sc L,l year for pmchases of . uppli es, matrri:ds,
and equipment (13.4 perce nt of t h e tot:11 ),
eq uipment r ent als ( '. '.2 pnee nt ). :rnd otli r
items (l .9 perce n t ) \\·er e s uhstant i:1 11)· the same
as in t he entire period of '\\' P.,.\ opernt ions.
Table 13 re,·iews t h e d i(l' r ent t)· pes of o utl:1 ys
and item izes t he c 1ui p1ren t r enb l tot:1 1. H is
of interes t th n.t t he major s har e of Llic r ntals
3 .\ d1scu:-s10n o f lht.> rype!- nf flHlll'rt: il '- 1H1rc·ha:-.1·d :111tl tlil' a11101rn1 s
expeude d for eaeh fl ppear~ on pa_!!e~ 1lfi LO 1~J
of eq uipm ent r elated to motor ,;ehicles and to
paYin g and other ro:1d-bu il d in g machin ery and
eq uipmen t .
Spon sors l1 n,·e prn,·icl cl an in crea , in g s l1 are
o f t he nonl a hor costs of proj ec t actiY ities.
Durin g th e fi sc a l yea r endin g ,Jun e 30. J 9:39.
t l1 e ir contributi ns acco un ted fo r 69 percent of
tlt e nonlabor tota l as co mp ared ,,·it h .59 percent
oYer th e entire period o f op rat ions. Ln th e
!.1 s t year. ' pon sors finan ce d (Hi perce n t of t he
s upplies . materials , nnd eq uipm e n t that ,,·ere
prncurecl fo r proj ec-t act i,·iti es. nnd 71 pe rcent
of t he equipment tl1 at ,,·ns rr nted .
The cliffere 11 ec t hat ,1ppear i11 t he relat iYe
amo un t of pon sors ' expe ndi t ures on the nniou s
t)' J)e ' of proj ec ts ar c H res ult o l' rn ri:1tion in t he
Tl! I ,-\ --.;r,:11· BH!l)(m ~r I KE ,; 1' 0,-\S I B L le I S JJOHT-r 1·1, BE·
T\l'EEX T\\'() TOIi/\" ; _\llOL T I ,; JX T l l OF T i ll•: :,.;":,1·
BH! I ){: E~ JJL !LT B\ I' ll I' \\ I' \ \ Ille OF \ [ 1 ,.:o:-. 1n
34
REPORT ON PROGH.E , OF T H E WPA PH.OGRAM
expe nditure. for the nrntrrials and eq uipm ent
nee ssary for opernting different types of
project . Since there are limibiti ons rrn Fed era l
funcL avnihble for dcfrn y in g nonlahor costs in
excess of minim urn amounts, it is neressn ry for
spon sors to meet the hnge r expenditures on
types of proj ects tl1:1t require g rea ter nonl.lhor
outlays. This tend s to inrrense spon sors' fund s
when v ic11-ecl in pcrcc nta gr term s.
On publi c buildin gs and on airport and oth er
tran portation proj ec ts- work which i1wolvcs
relatively large o utlays for material s nm! ot her
nonlabor items sp on sors defray ed 22 pcrcen t
of th e total cost from the beginning of prnjeet
operations thr,1u gh ,func 19:39, as co mp:Hed to
an ~werngc of l 7 percent on all prnjects. Sponsor ' expenditures on sewer sys tem and other
ulility u11d ert:1kin gs; on liigl11rny , road , and
s trrct projects : and on . anitation and l1c:1lt h
\\-ork were nl so 11-ell aboYe the nYernge . In the
latt er two in stn nces the explanat.ion of the
r ela tiYe size of spon ors' expenditures is p:utly
attribu tnble to the locn tion f a con id ernbl e
share of the work in nonrnetrnpolitan a reas
where lower monthly ea rnings are schedu led.
Lower e:nnings in combin at ion with more or
!es fixed non labor costs tend to raise the non-
labor percentage nncl therehy the relatiYe . ize
of sp o nsor ' fund s. " · tiite collar proj ects, for
which ·ponsors co 11trihuted but 12 perc ent of
the tot:11 amount expen <l ccl , h:we required r cln.tiYely smnll expe nditures for nonlahor purp . e ;
furthermore , these projects tend to be concen trated in urb,rn area.' where higher earnings
prevail.
lJll1'in g t he fisc:1! )'Carl 9:HJ, ,,·li en the sponsors
pro1-id ed 19 percent of lolal project cost , their
ex penditures on airport :rnd other tran s por t:1,tio11 projects ,1ver.1gcd :31 percent of the total
eost :i.nd on public buildin g , 24 percent.
Sponsors ' co ntributi ons nl so accounted for OYer
:20 per ·cnt on sewer sy,; tem an I other utility
prnject., on highway, r oad , and s t ree t prnjects,
and on sanit:1 tion and h0alth work. Th e innease in sponsors ' expenditures on white collar
prnjects and on sewin g projects was marked ,
11-i th near!)' l .5 and 9 p er cent r especti n ly of
tbc to t:11 expenclitme bein g nwde from spon sor '
fond s. A was tn1e of t,he (·1mnd:1 ti,-e f-igm·es,
the ~1 umption by sponsors of a large sh ar e of
the no n labo r cos ts of prnject operations and the
lcYels of ,,-age payments ,1-ere important fac tors
,1 ffec tin g the rel,1ti,·e size of sponsor ' contribution s. (Appendix Tables Xl find XII .)
NEW ENGLAND HURRICANE AND FLOODS
OF SEPTEMBER 1938
\. pro~rnm h: cl sca r-cely hee11 iniTtrn,ted1YP.before
1t becam e i1 ecess,1r_v to meet
I-J_ E
unforeseen emerge ncy cond iti o ns bnn1glit nhout
by floo ds and oth er natural force s. 111 the
fo· t and eac h su cceedin g yc:1r of o peration s,
emergen cy m easure ha ve been undert,11-:c n :1t
the time of d anger and dis tress , and subseqttcnt
recon truc tion acti,·ities ha Ye b een c.-1 rried 011 to
r eh abili tate public properties. Dmin g t l1 e :;;umrn r f 1935 \YP.A labor was used to rep:iir
damage caused b_y flood in sc,·e n wcs tcrn
tate , from 1Yyomi.n g south and cas t to
1\.i-kan sas a nd Texas, as well as in N c 11· York
and Penn yh-n ni a . Durin g l 9;35 the 1YPA 1rns
called upon to cope with emerge ncy fl ood rnnclition s in t he "t\ ew England States, Pen nsy lvan ia , and t h e O hio Va ll ey . lntcJ1 sc dro11 ght
over ,1, wi.de area in the wes tern s tates in the
umrner of the same _year ncccssit:1 tcd emerge ncy operatio ns l'or th e assis tan ce o f nHrny ol'
th e people in the :ue: s mos t seriou sly s tri cke n.
Early u1 1937 torrenti:1! rain s on r th e Ohio
Ynlle:r fl ooded th e Ohio Ri nr n.ncl the .\li ;;i ip.pi Ri ve r from Ca iro, Illin ois, to t li t' Gulf ;
thi ga1·c rise in 11 bord erin g s tates to a s itu:1 tion in whic-h \\'PA :1id ,m s lll'ge 11tl_v need ed .
Th e fo ll owin g yen r 1YPA labor c-omh:1ted flood s
in C:1 li forni:1 and cl enn ecl up :ifter a t.orn:tdo
in C'harks ton , South Carolina. But t he largest
task in terms of t he popul ation cxpos<'d t
dnn ger :rnLl of th e property des troyed rr,;u I led
from th e Icw En ghl,l]d lnu-ricane nnd fl ood s of
, eptember 193 .
\Yim! and 1n1ter combined , on September 21 ,
l !"-J:38, in the N e11· En gland St,ltes nnd th
coa s tal ection of • e w York ,mcl New J ersey ,
to brin g to t ltat s ction t l1 e wors t d isas ter of
it s kind in m ore tli an a ccnt111T Otl1 er hurrica n es in the Unit ed States l1 :1ve taken a gr eater
number of liYe but no single s torm has eYer
ca used as much pr perty damage. Th e imm ediate toll of tl1e cknster included more tlian 600
death s, th ousand of homeless p erson- and
sc,lttered families, ancl propert)' dnma ge c n sen·,1fo·ely es timated 11t a fourth to a third of
a biJ lion dollars . 1
The hurric-an e s t ru ck L ong I sland in miclafte rnoon, progr essed :1t an unu s ually rapid rate
throu g h C nnccticut, Rh od e fsl:ind , and 1' l assacl1u se tt , and s wept over New H amps hire and
Y crm ont witl1 force only slig h t ly abated . En s tern :Ke11· York and Ie11· :Jerse)r, to th e lcJt of t l1 e
l1u rric- an e cente r, ,mcl .\ lnine , n th e ex trem e
right , 11·ere al o subjec ted to Yiolcnt 11·ind ".
:\l <n-in o- n ortherl)· 11·ith a rapid c-ounten:lo ckwise motion . the center o f tlie hurric-an e r each ed
Long l slnncl ll"ith a 1·elocit)' of about 60 miles
nn hour . T t he ea. t of t li e hurrica n e renter
t hr forwnnl JJ1otion of t h .:; torm 11·a added
to the co unt e rclock11·i e nir-11Hn·ernent of the
1 Su. "llurr ica ncs in 1o New En~land ,
leteorology of the Storm of
Repternher 21. Hl:{S," (hoyrnf)hira l Ntnltt' (.\ 111enran Ocographical ~O·
eiet~ l , Jn11 1\:13Y. pp 119 117, " llu rril'ane of :-;ep l ernber lfi to 22, ma~;•
JJ 011th /!J 11 ·rnthu R tu u1 ( lT ~ - \ \ ' eather IJurC'au l , September 1938, pp.
2:-iti 1~~; arld "The Oeoi.: raph~ of n 11 urrirane ." 1Yational Geographic
J/a(J<J z 111t. . \.pnl 1\-t\9. pp !'l2H M :!
1.: arl!er hurn<:~l.nes in ~ \\ En g1aud
are abo d.P:--<·nhr cl III t he:-;e puhl\{'nt u111 ~ .
35
36
REPOR'I' ON PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAl\I
hmri cane , produc ing hig h wind ve l0cities. I n
rnnny in:- brnces th ese gr e11 tly exceed ed t h<' '0mil e-n,n-h o m aYer age nlo ng exposed con~ts and
t h e 60-milr-a n-li our avenige inl nnd i11 di('nt ecl
by comb ining wind components nllCI tnking- into
acco unt lo. s l'rorn con tact wi t h t he ear th 's s urface. A t 1\ lil ton, n ear Bosto n, n wind Yeloci ty
a hig h ns Ut3 milr an ho ur wa , r ecord ed by
th e Blu e llill :.l cteorolog icnl Obse rva tory.
Th e ga le was r espon s ible fo r only part of
t he d amage ; water co n t ributed its fu ll sh are.
Alo ng tb e Iew E ngland s hor es th e pi ling up
o f t he "s torm waye" of t he hurri<·a ne was the
immediate l'H U S of m ost of t he d e truct ion .
, __ eri ou enough on its own a<·co un t, the s torm
waYe was s t re ng th e ned by t he fl ow of t he tid e,
since t h e h o ur at whi ch the s to rm s truck was
only a li ttle arli e r than t he expected time of a n
unu s twlly high t ide cau se d by t he nea rn ess o f
t h e m oon to t he ea rth and th e ('O nj oin cd action
of the m oo n and s un. 2 Th e s torm waYe s\\·ept
int o t h e cl ownt o" ·n ed ion of Pro,·id e nce,
Rhod e I slnnd , snbmcrg in g base m e nt s o f buildin gs and ris in g aboYe parked automo bil es to
t he tops o f s tall ed troll ey cars. Dnmage inland
wa s in p nrt the res ult of t he li cnv)7 r nin s that
fe ll for seve ral cla) ' S irnrn ccliat ely preced ing an d
fo ll owing t he lmrrica n e. In t he hig hl :rncl s of
cw Englnncl th e rninfa ll amounted ton s much
as 17 in (' hes during t he fiye days e ndin g
, eptember 2 1. Th e rain s n ot o nl y so ftened th e
soil so t h at trees " ·ere more ensil y uproo ted hut
also caused Yery seriou :- fl oods in th e riYer
vn ll eys. F ire likewise took its to ll , th reat e nin gman)7 ('Ommu nities a a res ult o f . hort<' irni it ed
po,vt'r lin es a nd broken gns m a in s, pile. of
\\Tec-1.,age , nnd high \\·ind s.
Damage Caused
by
the Storm
Drso lnt ion \\·ns gre:1trst a lon g t he r·onst.
S umm er ('Ottagc. nnd eYe n t h e more s uhs tnntinl
permnnent re:-id en ccs n en r t he bcad1es wer e
torn frnm t heir fo1111clntio ns and treated at th
w him of t l1 e ele me nts .
Tot on ly w ere w hole
se ttlement s s\\·ept :nn1 ) ·, hut in rnnn y in st an c s
th e grou nd on w hi 1· h t li e_v s tood ,va. wn s hed
aw11y hy t he sea. D e bri s :rnd sa nd were s trewn
2 .\I Pro y1 dpn c·P. the t1mp ofe '\f)e<'t{'d hic h tid e ,,as.i:3!i p. m ; thi s m ay
be ro ,npart.'d with I Ile 11rn£• al "h1 C'h I ht> h11rr1c·n11e passed, as shown in
the nc•f•ompunyml-! m::ip.
inl a nd h)· t he force f wind a nd water . Innum e rn hie bo:1 l , from ma ll era ft to freig h ter ,
wer(' broken from th eir m oorin gs nnd b m e to
d est ru ct io n o n t h e sh ore. \Vith the force of t he
gn lc inneasin g ns t he s torm m oved in from the
sen, th e hurri('a ne lif te d roo fs, Lopp lecl c himneys,
nnd s m ash ed windows. Trees nnd telep hone
po les wer e broken or torn from th e ground ,
(' ru . hin g ve hicle a.nd buildin gs be neath them.
Th o usa ML of acres of fores ts were ruined.
F looded t ream brou gh t des truction to river
va ll eys as norma lly small a nd ha rmles waterco urse. were tran s form ed into fom1iclabl torrents. Dams nnd hrid ge h y th e score were
\\·nsh ed o ut. Buildings wer e fl ooded and sewer
and wat e r sy , t ern were damaged . Road . wer e
in uncl a tee! and in some cnses whole sections of
roa dbed we re wa sh ed awn)7. G ulli es appear ed
in pin ce of fnrm -to-rn a rket road s . Th e damage
to road s, together with wa sh o u ts alon g th e
rai lroad h ed :- nnd badly cripplrd power and
communi cn ti on lin es, ternporn rily i. olated many
town s.
Great crop losses resu lted from t hr torm and
flo od s. L ossrs of 1 l assnc hu setts f:1rm er s were
esti mated at $10 ,000 ,000 (includin g darnn ge to
farm bui ldin gs); ove r $3, 000 .000 of thi s wa s in
appl e tr ee. : lon e. :M an y orc hnnls were cles tro)'cd in New ,Terse)' , ea s tern Tew York , a nd
espec iall)· in Ye rrnon t. On e-third of t he s ugarproduc in g mapl e trees upon whi ch Ve rm ont
farmer, depend for a consi d erabl e pa rt of their
Cflsh incom e wer e uproot ed . Th e fact that
srvern l cl ec:i d es will b e r cql1i recl to replace
thc:-e trees is indicntiw o f th e . eri ous ness of
thi s loss. Dama ge to t imber grmdh s wa s extreme, p ar t ic uln rly in New H nmpsh ire , wh.er e
whole fo r ests were laid wn , te. D es tructi on of
farm huildi ngs a lso wa s ex tens iYc. In lL1d ley,
1 Jnssachu . c tt s. 20.5 out o f :300 toh:ic co barn
WC'rC hl0\\71 dmn1 nnd their cont<'nt s d estro)·ecl,
an d in Co nn ec ticut omt' -100 toh aceo h a m
wer e d emo! i:-11 ed .
In a pli g l1 t CYcn ,1·orsc th :1 11 tJ1 :1t o f t li e formers were t l1 t' th ousand s o f perso n, wl1 ose me1m s
of livelih ood w re wiped out. Numerou s
m 111lllf:1 c tu rin g pl:rnt were forced to clo, c do ,1·11
bec:i use o f U1 e dnma ge to , or d e moli t ion of,
their hui lclin gs nnd equipment. In so me cnses
non nnl operntion s could n ot be res umed for
mont h . Amon g th e mos t seri ously n fl'cctecl
NEW ENGLAN D
HURRIC ANE
September 2 1 , 1 938
CANADA
M A INE
NEW
YORK
(J
LEGEND
ce nter ( poi nt of l ow est
barometr ic pressu l"e) • cou r se, mo ve ments of s urro und in g air c urrent s.
e nd ho urly loca t ion (p . m . )
H urrica ne
Pa th o f hu rrica ne destruction • heavy
s had in g de notes area o f the grea t est
da mage
A c tu al h igh w a ter le vel above pred lc1ed high t ide (p . m .) - In feet
D
••-·'"P•rl,,_,_.._oll"• ""'nltl.,8"•••"•°'"9••""•"!o1Avlotulh"•
·"" ot. ,,_
11••
Coul · "" GNhllc s.........
o.,.,u,,.... ., c.,.. .....u
WP A
3207
REP RT OS PROCRES
g roup were thr fi sh ermen \\·]10 los t their boat
and 1\·orkin g tool s :1long \1·ith their hom e
Flood Control Mea sures
Pre c e d ing th e Di sa ste r
Th e haYoc \\TOught h:Y the hurricane nnd
flood s might haYe heen con id erabl)· g reater
lrnd it not been for tlie pre \·entin• mea s ure
thn t \\·ere taken ,\·h en th e Sept em her Hl3
fl ood clanger b eca me imminent and ror the
flood control work of recent yenr . ln some
ection of New England, 1Y P.\ and s tate
officials ,\·ere already making preparations to
combrrt major flood s be fore tl1e hurri cane
truck. Divisions of thr Federal Surplu Commodities Corporation ,\·ere preparin g to m eet
emergency ca ll s for supplies. \fomrn on \\' P.\
S(' \1--ing projects " ·ere trnn sferred from th eir
us ual assig nments to the more urgent \\·ork of
mnking sandbag . Lo c,11 and \YP.\ eng in eers,
profiting b.Y experience in the flood s of 19:30,
s tarted sandbag op rations at danger point s .
. \ lon g the Connecticut Rinr at llnrtford the
tlireatened break of thr dike ca lled for special
rfl'ort s. Three thou sand men were assigned
to the trr k and 250 ,000 bags were h:1st ily fill ed.
l◄'o r three days :rnd three night s men piled the
hngs to a heig-lit of fiye fe e t and a \\·idtli of 1.5
feet , erect ing ,l b,uricnde o,·er a dis t,111ce of t\\·o
miles. Throug h thi s ,1·ork, a ,'5, 000 ,000 prop-rt)· loss was preYented in the southen s tern part
of Hartford , :1t·conling to est imatrs b_\· citY
oflif·ials . "\" C'\I l3ri tain. Com1<.>rt ic11 t. \1·:i,- .11,-o
OF ·1H E WP .\ PIWl: R.-\:\I
prntrc- ted from flood s h)· the "trengtl1rning of
SJ 1ultl c :- l eadcrn· D,1111 by \\"P.\ ,\·orke r .
Cn,,1ter d:1mag(' \\-,L a,·r rled in many place
•hroug h th 111:111)· flood control project of th e
\YP.\ and ot her l•'rd r rnl ngrnrie that h ad been
c·omplet d :1 fter t I1e H):3(j flood demon s trated
thr need for them . HiHr brnd beaYily damagrcl b)· flood in J 936 lw,d been trengthened
h)· riprappin g . Dik es ,llld ri\·er walL had been
built. Channels of ri\·ers :1nd smaller tream
li:1d been cleared :rnd derpeneLl. In Yermont ,
t he' to1rn s f :- Lon t,pclier. Ba!'l'e , and '\Ya terbur)·
\\·r r e sa \. I by flo d control clam which had
brrn con , truded by the Federal GoYernment.
.\ !thoug h flood \rnt er - rose a foot aboYe the
peak of the 1936 ere t in Fil c h burg and Lowell.
:'d assnclrnsett s , recent flo0d control work preHntrd a r e pet ition of t he 193ti flood dflmage.
l n \rest Springfield . :-la ssac-. husetts , buildin g
th.it liad been flooded to the second s tor)· in
I o:rn \\' ]' protectrd h)· tlH' ,r P . \. -built .\.ga wam
Ki n r dik nnd the Connrcticut Ri,·er wa ll .
Agencies Rendering Emergency Assistance
Federal, s ta tc. loe:il. :llld pri,·a te ngcncie
mobi lized thrir forees to pro\·id e a sis t:rnce at
the time f the dis.1 -ter. Through experience
in rec-en t y ea rs m,rn)· of the ,1gencie had knowlr dg(• of th e need s undcr - ucl1 circums tance and
of thr s teps to be' taken. Th e Federal mplu
( 'ommoditie ( 'or pomtion made food and clothing- n\·,1ilable to dist rrssrd communitie . The
Farm Sre1trity .\ dm ini s trntion turned o \·er it
1.'s TD E 11·.\ K E OF
T HE JJl. HH!C.-1.NE
focilitirs in t h s torm-stri ckr n :1 rca for rt> li d :111d
rrli:1biJit,:1tio11 of f;nm fomi lirs. Ofl'crs of fi11: 11 1cia l nss i t;1.1H't' \\' l'J'l' nwd by tht' l)isuster L,0:111
orporation, :lll :i ge rH·y Jin: 111<·rd :111d nw11:1 ged
b:Y thr Hreonstrndion Fi11:111C·t' Corporntio11 .
The F eclrrn l L1 01 1si11 g .\ dmi 11is t r:1tio11 :1111101111<·ed
th at it was rmpO\\·errd to :issis t in 111:1ki11 g lo:1.11s
to ownr rs of proprrt)' in dis tressed :1re:1s.
11enmd1 ilr, thr Cor p of E11gi11rrrs , ( 'o:ist
uard , ('CC, ::-;Y,\ , an I tli r \ \'P.,\ 11g:1grd i11
inntm1cn blc emrrge n ')' tn ks throug hout till'
area. In YiC\\' of th e mergr 11 e,v broad aut ho rity wa give n \ \' PA s tate ad ministrntors fo r t hr
oprrati n of ernr rgr nt)' projrets ; rrgu lar 1111drrt:1king were tl'mpornriJ:r u pcndrd o t hat a ll
re OLU'C - cou ld be thrown int o thr rmr rgr 1H·.v
In om r pb e work was co rHIUl't<' ll
a.ct1Y1tl
in hifts, a.n d gro up - f \\·orkr rs \\·ere , ent lrom
one li tres-ed arra t anot her as fn t a, progrrss
permitted . Two broad t)' pes of r11dr:1Yor nrn .Y be
distingui Lr ed : one in pre parin g fo r eme rge 11cies
and allc\·iatin g immr diat r di s tress :rnd di sordl' r
and the ot hr r for rcl1:1bilit :1.tio11 of d a.m:1g1'd
public proprrty .
WP A Emergency Work
.Al ong wit h t l1l' ir o th er pn·ventivc activitil's
i sued warn in gs :rnd a is ted in
eYacuating d:rn ger z ne as th e t hreaL of d:111gcr incrra rd. La trr, the work i1n-o lYed n'scuing an I earchin g for victim s of tlH' di sns [Pr
and upplying tli r food, hl'it r r, and nwd icn l
attrntion that \\'C' l'C' urgrn tl)' IH'eded.
cbool lun h oper:1tio11s were tra11sforn1ed
into em rgrnC)' fred i11 g activitie . ln ,1 scl1 oo lroom in Eas t JIn r t ford , Connect icut, tl1 e \\' P.\
ooprmtrd wit h local ,rn t li oritie in set tin g up
a port, bk kitchen in which , for eYern l day, ,
morr t lr :111 1,500 men! \\' re cooked and . en ·pd
daily to fl ood ufl'pn• 1". l n P roYidenc<•. Hhodc
I l.rnd , from Sc' ptt' lll lwr 23 to Sept em lwr 27, ll1 <·
\\Tom n ' and Pro fessional Di vision coo pn:1 lcd
with th r city dep;1rtnwnt of 1vdf.rn· b~· ,1s::;igni11g
C'\vin g- room emp loyees to tl1<· \1·ork of pn·p:1 rin g
food f r ·>,000 men <'llg:1g d in <'11H'l'!!_'<'l1C'~- work.
Womrn from tlH' \ \"e· terly, H hode l sl:111d , sc· \\·ing ro m cooked for t he l1 omdc• s, workin g in
hift , h\·cnt)·-fou r hours a day f r n pe ri od of
fiyr d:1ys. S<"\\·i ng room \\'t'I'l' em pticd of t IH•ir
tor<\ of clo tl1i 11g :incl l10 pit:d supp li es. Si1H·<·
\YP.A \\·ork er
(' 1,!lTIII ' ' • \I \l )F 1, \\ I ' \ ,.; \' I I " ' ; H!l!l\l:' II h Ill,;' \ Hill
I '11•: I > T<> \ WTi\1~ !lF TIIE Ill Hill( ' \ :\'E
IHl reg,il:11' distr il rnt in g- e1•11t<-r,- 1•xistt•d in 111:111~·
of tlr l' :d llict<'d co mnrnniti rs, co mm od ity liPpol s
wr rr set up for tl w purpo r. F o0< I, clot l1i11g,
and nwdic:11 uppliPs wPr r a lso di, t ril)l1t<•d b)·
\\' PA \\·orkc'J" m:rn11i11g trucks ,rnd bo:1ts. 111
Hh oci<' lsl:rnd nlo,w , repo rt s s how that :37,71i2
g:1l'llll'nts werl' d is tr ihut rd durin g two days lo
1wrso 11 , in Hi tri cken ,H L';l.. Articl<-. producl'll
011 \\'PA , e\vin g :ind c:rn nin g proj(·cts and dis•
trilrn tcd in th e s t:1 tes in which t lH•~· ,vr rr pro
hown in
duced had a v:1 h1 e of •· I 29,790, :1
r,
ho,\·evt•
,
Tnbh, 14. It mu s t be rl'cognized
trndl'l'rnhlr
thnt this total inYoln ' a co nsicltsta tement of thr t l'll t' nmount i11:1 smuch as it
dot's not in clude tht' \·:1h1e of produets -;c• 11t fro 111
one stall' to a not hr r.
\\' omrn rmplo.,,c,d 0 11 , l"\\·i 11µ: proj ('C' ts \\·I10
\H'l'l' not nerded in prep:Hing food or 111:1k i11 g
sa ndb:1 g, werl' s hift NI to clr rica l jo l s, re pl;1cing
men drnft ed for lw:wier clut)r. Oth er \\'Ollll ' l l
\\·orkl' r S<'t-vrd :1s m11·se and :1id c's lo dodors
:1nd He'd C ross \\·o rk<'l's in :1tt<'1Hli11g- t l1 c i11j11n·d
,111<I Pl'l' \·1•11ti11 g tlw -; prc:1d of d isc;1s1·.
T\HI. E
11
P llo.J~;,·-r,E -..; 1,1
,,ll
\ ' \1.l'~; OF 1'1t01>L< 'T,.; 01
D1 sT JUl!l TED TO \ ' 1cT 1\l s
111 1rn 1c\,~;, 1n ST.\TJs" 1
\ \'P .\
01-
\ ah11·
l 'on rll'<:I i('l'I
\\,\HIii
:\ 1nss:1t·h11-.;1•11s
;{Ii, 110;,
;s,:i,;\\
\ :thll'
\.1·\\
ll :1111p•dlln·
'\1·\\
York
Hhrnlt b.l.111d
!Ii, 71:!
:\lnuw
(;o!ll) ,
r11~;
\ ·,, rmunl
I 'l;h
11 I'!:{
I:!. hll
(ll)
1
\ l> :11:1 rt·fi·r 11 11J y lo \!u11d, p1rnlt1t·1·d ,llld di-,.1r1h1111•d ,,11hi11 lh,· s,1111,
:--tall•; I h1· \ alut• or l!OOcls d1,1 I 111111,·d \\ II h111 ., ... ,:11, h111 prudllt'l'd 11111,1d1
thal -- tall' is nnt :1, :111:ihlt' .
I l>at :1 rur , ·l' flll OTl l 1101 1,.111:ddt•
...1:()
HEl'OH'I 0:\ l'l'Ol,HE ' :3 OF ' I II E \\ l' \
E, <'ll in '-<'<'I i()n,- ,d H'l'l' t Ill' :1d 11:il toll in lifr
:rnd propt'l'l: \\ :1, n•l:1 ti, l'ly hn, . tlH· ncl'd fo r
n1:1i11t:1ining :111 unpolh1tl'd :rnd .;;uffie il'nt \\·nter
"uppl:-- w:1s acute. \\' P.\. t• mplo: ·<•Ps n•p:1 ircd
hrok<·n \\·:tlPr nwins nnd :1ssistt•d in thc ust' of
port:1hll' ehl ori11 :1ting l'quipnwnt tl1at ,ms
rush ed to t o1n1s " ·h er e thl' "all'l' suppl:· had
bl'l'n contn min :1led. ln :\l:1ss:1<' ln1sd ls sco res
of to1n1s ,n·n• :1id ed b:· t lw port:d1k clilorin:1 tors
m:Hk :n-nibhi<- by n \\'P.\. ,niter pollution
\Yorkl·rs on thl' projt•ct sent
Sll!T<': ... project.
s:1111 pl l's of suspt•ttl'd w:1 ll' r to thP sta tl' d Ppartnwn t of h t•a lth for :rn:1lysis :llld pos[pd s igns
wh en' lll' l'l'S,:ll': · . w :1 rning i11h:1 hi t:rn ls to boil
tlwir drinking w:1tt'I' .
. . \.l th011gh rdi1•f ,rnrk \\·:1s 111111k d ifl icu lt at
<'Y<' IT turn h:· in r<•ss:rn t rain :rnd l'ailun' of
l'H<H:l{.L\I
f
communil':1t io11 s:·strm . . t h<• d isnq t ion
trn11,po rl:1tio 11 foril itit•s w:1 s t lw grpn t l'S t h:111d ir:1p of :1 11 . Lnr~t• m1mbrrs of \\' P.\. ernplo:-<.'<.'
bhorcd d:1:-- nnd nig ht to r .:- mo ,·<.' uproot<.'d
tn•t•s, tnngh•d " ·in•s. :rnd <kbri, from irnp:1 abl
thornuglif:1n•s; hn•nt:---fou r hours aftt•r t h e
storm , main road s wen • s ufl'1 rr ·ntly cleared t
:1lhrn· the l'ntry of ::u pply trn r ks and fi r fighting n ppn r:1tus int o lnmdrcd s of ron1mun itit•s. \\' P. . \. fo r rp, \\·en• also a . . s ig ned to the
pn•ct io n of tPmpor:n:-- bridges 1rnrk which in
som<.' s<.'rt ions " ·as <'([11:ilh · urgent.
H esr11<.' of kno\\·11 su ffe rers and prons10n for
th C'ir wC'lf:Hl' " ·en• :1c mpnnicd b:· lo ng- ho urs of
ooperatSC':n eh for perso ns los t in th e s torm .
"-itb
and
ics
ag<.'nr
er
th
o
of
in g " ·ith C'rnplo:·eC's
1·ol1t11tl'<'rs, \\'P.\. wo rke rs so ug ht ,·ictim ' in the
.\ FT E H T II E II l' H H [ C' .\XE:
E'>IEI <,E:-.·c y
1 XG
CHEii·,-
A BADLY
C'LEAH-
BLOCKED
\XI) lll-[LllI:-."n
LEFT
Ho \I>
·1 e: '>IPoH \HY BHllH,E ( BELD\\'
NE1Y EN'G L.Ar D II
HHJ ',\ .\'E .\ ND FLOODS OF
wrec lrngc of hundreds of clrmoli sli ccl homes.
p cw l ·rcws 11·crc tktaikd i11 bunts lo ,;t':t rcl1
wamp, :rnd rn .nshc .
Aft er imm ccli:1 Lc di tress had hcc11 rrlirn'cl,
cmph n i shi ftccl to ·lean up wo rk .me! sa fcly
m a urcs.
nd er th e direction of sL,1Lc nncl
I cn l h cn l tl1 authorities, ernNge nc_y wo rkers
pumped to n o f water a nd sil t fro m hnse mcnts.
\Yh eth cr in prini.te or p ublic builcli11gs, cd lars
that were considered a h e:1 ltl1 rn e11,1cc 11·Nc
clean d out ::ind furnig:1tccl . Ekctrician s ,111cl
nm te r plumbers among 1YPA Jorres a~si Led
city build in g de partm ents in in specting ckctrica l and plum bing equipmen t lo mah cc rtnin Lhat i t 11·as safe fo r use. Th e rcpnir o r
clamngcd e\\·crs t.hrougbou t t he fl oo ded :1 rc.1
served to r heck thr deYeloprncnt of un s,rn iLn ry
co nditions.
Rehabilitation Measures
Th e end of th e cri tic.i i emerge ncy period
marked the ini tiation of ,1 11 (' \\. ph:1sc of the
C' merge nc_y nctiYities of Fctk r,1l .1g-r11 cirs. Th e
F a rm Credit Administration , th e F edcrn l I lousin g Ad mini s tmtion , the F ed cnil , ' urpl u, Commoditie Corporntion, the Public Work, AdministraL10n , t he ational Yout h Admini stration , the C i\' ilian Conse rYat10n ( 'o rps, :rnd t he
Fore L en ·ice, in add ition to t,hc \YPA, all
aided materi nlly m the major t,1sk o f rernnstrneti n. T o draft plnns fo r tlii rch,1bilit,1tin11
\\' rk the F ed ern l Aclrnini tmtor of t,he \\· P,\
111 t with Ne w En gland GoYernors in Bost.o n 011
'cpternber 26. Offi cers o f th e Co rps of l~ngineer upervi sin g fl ood control work , R ed Cro s
repre entati \'es, nnd technical ex per t fr0 m
ta te publi c works clepartm en ts li ke\\'i se :l tLencled Lh e co nference at whicl1 tec l111ic:il n,-;
well a general ns1 ects o f reliabiliL,1tio11 \\ere
di u ed .
Among the for C'most rehabilitation mrn ur rs
wa t be r ernoYal of fallen tirnhcr, whi('h had
t h du a l purpo e of preYcnting fir r ,1tHl sn ln1gin g lumb er . T oward s this end th r Northa tern Timb er alY iWe _\.d mini trn tion wa
c-rea ted thrnu gh th e cooperntiYc enclc:n-or of
the Rccon tru ction Finance Corporn tion, t h
Federal , urplu s Cornm od itie Co r poration , and
ther Fed eral agencies . Durin g t he sis month '
followin°· the hurri can e, 1 .5,000,000 board feet
41
EPTEl\lBER l 93
of log \\ C'l'C sent to thr 2n pond. i111d th :-r,o
s:l\nnill s u11dcr t hr ('Onf roi of' the .'.\ortlwm,t<'rn
Timber SalYage _\ dm ini s tration. A ('lm,c'I~·
rrlated nl'tiYity \\·ns t he work of tlie 8 ,000 IIH'n
in -!O of the N cw Engla nd ('('( ' c·a mps, \\·J1i ch
s tres. eel th e r r rn ova l of firr haz:ml s Jrrt in thr
wn kc of th r l1urri C'i1 n e. Anothrr typ r o f nid
s uppli ed by Fr d rnil n~·r1l<'ir, wn s in tl1 r form or
cx t r nsion of C'r r<i il . th is wn in ord r r Lo ex pedite
priYnlr rr huildin g-.
0
WPA Rehabilitation Work
r◄'ollowing t he ~ cptemh cr 26 con frrcncc certain rest riction on 1YPA projrC't nctffilit'S \\·rre
lif ted in · e\\' E ngland , and s tat e adrnini s tni tors
were given the autho ri ty witJ1in bl a nket projrct
lim i tations to ,1 pproY C' work proj ects 11.n ·in g a
Ya Jue up to .' J0 ,000 cac- h . Esprncliturrs on
th r Yarious kind s of crn r rgr nC'V nnd r rC'ons trnction work thro ugh ,Jun e: 0, 103!=l, nmo unt cd to
$3--! ,639.000 . l,nn.trst \ J) C' 1Hli t11rrs \\ l'H' mnclr
in ~ f nssad1 use tt s (.''1:2 ,00:~ ,000 ) , Rh ocl e Island
(. ·-1, ,11.1 ,000 ), nncl C'onnceti(' ut (. ·:3,2~--! ,000).
0
T AR l, E 1.'i.-\\' PA ExPEND IT l l HES ON E~1EJWEX<'Y AND
R Ef'Oi\:ST Jtt' <" r 10N
\\' 0 1rn
1x
T II E
NEw ENGLAND
11 UH RIC'AXE A l tEA, 1n :-iT AT 1,:s
('l \II I \TJ\' E T HHOI
~late
(";fl
J 1 :,.;Jo; ;l(),
1939
.\ mount
. \lll (I UJll
$2 1. r,:m. 356
Total
:1. 2,:1, ,01
Connec.:t1cut
)T aine
IIXI,
:\l as.sachusetts
141
12, 9U3, 13,
~ew ll nmps hire
:'\·e ,, York
Hhotl e bland
\ "errn ont __ _
I, H2fi, 180
r,22, 320
4, ,, I.\ 2.12
I, 198, 52!
In C'onnrcticut :3 18 reli nhi lit :1tion projects
(iiwolvin g F ederal fund s o l :i;:3 ,000,000 n nd
sponsors' fund s of $1,000,000 ) were ,l]) IH'OYecl ;
u11d er these, open1t ions were i11i ti,1 tcd in practic,111)7 eYe l') sect ion of thC' ~t,1tr. Fifty-t\\'O
of the projrcts \\·ere for th r rrl1:1hilitation of
public buildings. One of t hr building pro.ice-ts
im·oh·cd \rnrk on t he t.1te c,1 pitnl at Ll nrtford
\\·here the sto rm h nd dc,-,troyrd the copper
coping of the c,1pito l, b!O\rn slate from the
rool , broken Lhc sky li gh ts. and \\·c,1kened the
under tructure of the s lnt.uc of th r Ceniu s of
Connecticut on Lhc dome . HemoYal of tl1 r
:.0-ton bronze s lalu . wn one of Lhe mo,;[
difficult assignrn rnls Lh,1t thr \YPA cn~inccrs
f,1ced in th e relrnbilitation \\ Ork in Connecticut.
7
HEPOR'J' 0.1': PHOGHE SR OF T H E \YP ,\ PH.OGRA M
42
1/
\ Kll\' I)
OF
1<1-: ll \llll .11'.\Tlfl:\ Tl! \ T
~l.\:\Y :\J<:11 is:S<li,\:\I)
:Sf:1•1,;,;,;_1RY
II\,-;
TOIi· :-;~
I :\
It 11·,1s 11r<·rs,-;;1n· to e11l tl1r figu rr i11to >-L'('lin 11 s,
r:1(' !1 of 1d1i (' l1 11eigl1t'ci l11 111 dn'd ,- of po1 11 Hk
Th r '' J>.\ J'('JlO\';ltl'd :mo p 1h]i(' buil d ing,-; i11
l{hocl t' Jsl:1 11d t hat liad het'll d nrn ngrd by ,1·in d
:111 d w11trr 11·!1 C' 1t t l1 e l1 u1nc-anr ,;t r u('k. Hp,-;idt',t l1 t' work o n t l1 r hu ildi ng-s t h<'l 11seh·rs , it 1rn s
lll'l 'l'ssn ry to rrstor l' tli <' r rl'on ls krpt in t li e
hnse111 <' 11 ts or on gr ou nd fl oors nftrr tl1t')' J1 nd
lwl' n dr e11c-J1 ed !Jy \1·:ltt'r. He!'oYen·d do('uJlH' 11t,s were ,HL dici,1 Jly drird a11d s terilizt'd :111d
th en copied b)· \\' P.\ wo rkers. T 1,·enty wo r ker,;
,1·erp nssig-11rd to t li e r eL_Yp i11g of 100.0011 go1·c n 1111 e11 l rN·o rd s 111 Pnll·id r 11 ('e. .\ mo ng t l1ese
11ere th e fil es <1f t li t' Rh ode lsl,1 11 d a11d the
L' 11itrcl St:1tes E 1np loy 111 c11t Se n ·ices a11ll the
reco rd,-; of th e bo:1nl of c,111Y:1sst'rs of Pnwiclence. R egiste red YO(e rs i11 Lim 11·11 rd s oi th e
(' it_, co uld 110( h:11·e <'.V'J'l' ist·d [,h eir r ight of
frn1ll' l1i st' without rl'J'<'~6 st r:1t io11 if' tlte rr('ord s
of tl1e ho:nd of c,rn1·,1sscrs l1:1d not. hee11 reston' <l.
T lir rt'f lo:1li ng of' lli <' frJ'J'yboal "( ;oYc•rn or
C'aJ'J'" was o ne of t hl' major re l1:il>i li t11tion
p ro.i<•<·t,; in J{hode Js l11nd . This ho,1t 11as
l Ii<' prnpPrt )- of a m u11i!'ip:111)· 011 ncd ('orpor:1t io11 :1J1d 11 a,; l it e 011 ly f'<'rry ht'l11·een ,J :1J1H'stow11
:111cl J\<'11·1><)J't. \\'li en t li e ,;[orrn ht•:1 d1 ed l il t'
l'l'all nt :1 -J..,-dq!.T<'t' a11glt· 011 :1 sl1 :ill' l< dge
,111d di,-;ahlt'd t l1 t' f'<'l'I')' to Saun1kr,-to1111,
,ln111p-;(m\·11 11 as le-ft 11·itliout means ol' trn11,-porl to t he 1nai11land . ,\ \ \'P.\. project 11·:i s
npproYc d for rigl1ti11g t he 5:":iO-lon boat, and t ill'
t ·n il<'d St,1lt's i\nY)' s upplied ,l uhstitut l' until
h<· l'(':Slllll<'d I>)- tli t' ··( ;()\'(' l'JlOr
l-'l' I'\ i('l' l'ould
C':11'1' ." \\'ork i11 g 11·it h t he tidr :rnd t hr \1·rat h er,
t l1<' -wh·.ige cTr11· (Yar_yin g f'rom lli to 30 m en )
<·ornpfrtrd th r job in :39 cl a)" . \\' or k on th e
proj ct in clud ed th e c·o n tl'u ction of a 300-by l/s-Joot launc hing tr ack an d th e rebuil ding of
darn11ged . i'a 1va !L as 11·ell as th e actua l rig h ting
of t he boat. Among oth er re lia hili b1tion 11·ork
p 'rfo,.rne d by t h<' \ YP.\ in Rhod e l sland was
t li e r el'o ns trn d io n oJ' sea 11·a]]s at ?\ e11·por t and
Xnu agansct t and of' Y,1rio us piers requ iring th e
pl:1,·ernent an d jettyi ng of scYera l hund r ed
pi]('-; _
\Yitl1in a m ont h after th e hunica ne :)2 1
prnjects 11 11 dt' r ,1 .•:j,ll()0,000 bla n ket reh a bili tation au t horiz11 tinn had bee n 11 pproYetl in
:-J ass:1l' husc t ts. B)- tJi e fi rst of :- la rch , ,YPA
,1·<1r kcrs lwd rcn oY:l t ed 346 buildin gs, clear ed
l ll. l /s\l mi lt's and buil t or rel'on ditio ned n earl)][)O 111il t's oJ' r oads, built t ,1·0 hridges and r e<·onstrudc'cl ]{i , huil t 40 l'u h ·er ts and recon clitionr l 'F i ], n 's ton'd :17 ,080 lin ear Jeet of se11·ers,
i11stn llc< I :1, 00 1111d rr placecl 650 feet of water
li1 1t's, and c ut :tnd rcm oYecl 161.7 00 fo ll en
tn't's to rn ent i() J1 only par t, of the accompli sl1 me nts . Jn :-:orth .Acl nms wh er e t he
.L1 o()s,1c Hi Yer li :1d 11·:1shed ,l\rn ~- 300 fee t of
Fro n t Street,, lc11 Yi11 g nin e ho uses li terally
l11rngi11 g- onr t l1 e r dge of t he ri 1 er , 1YPA
,1·or kerc; fil led in t he roadbed , r es m faced it ,
:rnd bu ilt a 480-foo t suppor ting wa ll. In
Pitt,-Jii'ld rn l1·ert s a nd hricl ges 11·er e r estor ed
:111d :1 14.i-foot. r rt.:1i11 i11 g- 11·nll ,1·as co nstru cted .
1111•: \II "\trlP.\LJ,Y-011",Ell FEHHY "GO l'EH:\'OH C.\HR "
\\'.\ S HEF l,tl \T l, ll .\:-,:1} HEl ' O:Sl>LTillXED
JlY ll' l'A \\'OHKF.H"
43
NE W ENGLAND H URRI '.\ :-:E AND F L OODS OF 'EPTEMBER 193
By Fehrnnr)' I , '\Y] A worker s in Y r rmonl
had clem·ecl 70(i miles of roac\ s ancl trni\ :,;, 712
;HTe of l:rncl loca trd within 100 fret of bu i \cl in g , ancl 2, () Pi :icres of land const itut.ing fire
lrnzm·d and lyin g within 50 feet of publi c
higll\ni,y s. Thi s \\·ns in addition to the clrnrance and r e pair work done by loc:1 \ publi c
agene 1e.. Of t he 75.000 to 100 ,000 nc rN, of
forest in Yermo nt that would be consid ered
rxtreme firr li nzard s as a r s uit of t he bl<l\l ndmrn t imber , 1.5 to 20 percent had been clr:irccl
h)- t h e firs t of 1 Jnrch . \\'h ere clcmoli . li ed
l okout to"·crs on some of th e n 1 ounk1 in s m:1de
fire protection more cl iffi.rult. WPA work :1 \so
contr ibuted to fire preYention . The crcC'tion
of one of t he new tO \\·ers, on Elmore 1 1ou ntnin
in Yermont , \\' fl comp li cated b)' i ts loC'ntion .
teel frmn c\1·ork nnd concrete mixin g matrri:ll s
had to be hois ted OYer an OYerhan g in g lccl ge
in ge ttin g th em to th e , it e at the top ol tlir
mountain .
In 153 ' cw 11 :rnipshire tmrn s the \\'PA rrhuilt roc1d nnd trect s, se \1·ers, water mnin ,,,
and bridges. Project. for th e r eduction of
fo rest-fire lrnzard s \\·ere op rated in 74 loc:i litic's.
R eli a bilita tion mc:1 s ures mo t extensiYc ly un d ertaken in 1 1nine \\·en.' for the remon1 \ of
l(i.-
T AB I E
timbrr from fores t c1nd rerrention a reas, t h e
op ening of ro,ids H nd t rnil s, an l the re torn t ion
of fores t telephone lin e .
Project Employment Provided
On Septem bcr 28. ~n.ooo 1\· PA wor kr rs \\ ere
cng,1ge cl in e merge ncy :111cl recon s truction ac· tiYities occasioned by t I 1c Sep tern ber h u rriC':lll <'
nrnl fl oods. Ncnrly half t his numhcr (-± 0 ,( HHl )
\\-ere in l\ lass:1cl 1use lts, as s hown in Tabl e Hi.
'] h e small er but CYCn more scnrely :tf lli C'!C'd
s t:1tes of Com1cct ic u t and Rh od e l land l1 :1d
22 ,000 and 10 ,000, re pec ti\-ely.
Si nce :1 large I :u-t uf th e n ee d for exlr:1 l:ihor
\m s clue to eme rge ncy s ituat ion s al'l:-; 1ng
immediate!)' a ftN t he di s:,s tcr , a sm:ill c r fon·<•
\1·:1 s r equired in s ubsequent \1-ee ks. By (ktolH' r
rn the number of \\'P .\ workers emp lO)' ed 011
e mergency projcC' ls h,1d bee n cut a lmos t in
ha lf , the g reatest d c(')'c:1scs occ unin g in \l:1 ss:1cliu se tts and
o nn cclic ut. '\York in R l1 cdl'
l s \ancl required a f:lirly co ns tant number of
,YP.\ workers unti l Lho middl e of Nowrnhcr ,
wl1cn the emerge ncy e mployment decrease d hy
about S, 000 \1-orkcrs. 1;_: mployrncnt in t he ot her
stri c ken sta tes incrc:1 scc1 after th e middl e of
I\l'MBEH OF PER ::-ox,, F~I PLOYED ON ,Y PA EMERGENCY AND HE<ONSTHL' C'T I ON P ROJEC'TS I N 'JIi t;
EXGL.IND Jl l'BRl<'li\'E ABE .I, BY ST\ 'IES
t-.Jo~PTf~\IHld(
Tot al
Numher or
D ate
Ernergenr:',
\\'orkers
Conneet1cut
:--umber
l!n-.,, TO J l Nt~ '.!'-\, 19:311
J\ 1U'-sac·huset l s Ke,, U an1pshirc
1 1amc
------- Percent
l'er eent I
of a ll !Kum - or a ll
\\' P .I
ber
\\' PA
,, orkers
'.!"'.
>,t: 11
l\e,, Y ork
Rhode Is land
- - - - - - - - - --Numher
workers
- - - - - - ---- - - - - ----
IPereent ,
of a ll
\\' PA
'i,
N umbe r
orkers,
Perc·ent
of a ll
\\' PA
'"' orkers1
_ _ _ 1_ _ _ _
- - - -
-
-
\ ·ermont
-------
um-
PerC'ea t
of a ll
N um-
her
\\'PA
"orkers
Pereent
l'ereent
or a ll 1\um- or oil
\\' P.t
\\'PA
ber
workers1
workers
-----
--------
her
J9S~
Bepteruber 2h
October 5 ___
Octobe r 12
Octobe r 19 _
October 26 _ l\ O \CDl her 2
~ o, ember 9 _
X o, ember rn
~o,·embe r 23
Xo,·ember 30
1Je('ember 7 _
JJecember J.J
De re mher 21
Dt!cemher 2b
,\ 2, ii9
-HJ,
j'j't)
11;, Ill
42. 127
•IH.9,~
:i5. ~:H
liQ,:320
;ii,020
[, I, fi2i"I
{ii, 279
1,.%,
rn.
'..!'2. 001
12. 5
3, . 9
33. 5
rn. 1
rn. 9
11. 15
HI, 23:l
h. 125
Ii, ;{GO
fi,tlltl
22. 1
I. 972
h, 2911
~- 200
~- ·155
7. 9b9
7. 9b9
24.:,
2.1. 1
25. 4
25. i
25. :3
2fi. 7
Ill. 372
17, 74-l
293
44,
2. 9
4. 2
fl. Ii
ti. 1
H. I
J. I
710
6i,9
tiH3
lfi, lfi2
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'21,~14
I
2 1,tltlU
'27, .ilh
27, 3tlf1
2fi, o:{i
12.i
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21. fltio
121
4, J
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4?7
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421
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a- 1. lj!J!.I
a. ~-i ,,;
:.:9. 11 a
:l0,>01
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2, 237
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-l, 71 5
-l,tHi.i
ii. 394
n. ~i!J
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1-1, 279
:-.. 21~
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fi, 192
.\, 174
4, ,40
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:l, ,\13
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211. I
HI. 2
t!I. 3
rn "'
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l,h91
2. ouo
2
10, 77•1
\ , ~lh•I
2. "'
Ill, 030
B, fiYfi
9. 071
!i, 294
[1, 21i!'1
2.
2. 9
3. 2
Sb. 3
2, ,'.)02
:l.;
51.i
2, 52h
3. ;,
2, 120
:3. 7
2. 2:1.;
2. 221
2. 2ti3
3.,\
,\] f,
45. i
13 II
40. I
::lti. 2
111, 2·1U
JU, ~2
3. 4
:i. ;l
2, ::1:,fl
3. -,
1, 3S4
2 3
5,326
-i , 1-1:.m
I, 91i
4, ;o:;
-l , H54
liO. 7 ) 2, 411>
62. 9 A 2, 41
fi2 fi
3. Otli
:;:i. 1 , a.mi;
55. ,;
,\:J, 3
51. I
29. i
:?!1. /-1
29. 5
21-1. I
2,'-1. H
'21-1 ;
21- . i
:l,11,\11
I IKJI
-tfiltl
I , 7'2:.?
L t.62
:!,!ts(!
a./ Iii
a.; ,.~
111. 0
HI. II
311. 2
:1:,.:1
30. :,
2
a;
Hi. l
, , {I
HI I
ti \i
ti :l
3, 21:1
I:? Ii
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11 !i
2. ::11i."1
aa. t,
:1. :, 1:i
1989
J an uary 25 _
Fehruarv 22
Jllareh 29 _ _ April 26
-
lll a) 31. -
June 28 ___ :
A
-
-
-
H, 21~
g, o
2, 2111
I, o3\I
l,bVU
Emplonnert durin g previous week.
,.o
I
.1
1-
I
w.o
i-Hi
lfi. I
Ii. I
14 3
27. 3
:!I. -l
:!I. :m7
:.?II
22.
1;, fl{.()
14. 2
Ill, 10:J
HI. I
h, h;JI
~- 6
1\1, i0.'-1
l~I. htij'
h. H
I
35r,
, 3111
I
, W5
:.?.i.0
-t,-:l!H
I, 100
4. tl(J
3, 410
lli.ll
14 . ~
2. '"',\Jl
21.
2,2%
15.
~
2H.
29.
1, HlH
:.?.'-1
1;:m
1U \i
111. ,
23.
5fl7
3;1
3 1,
Ill. !i
~- 2
i. 3
-14
REPORT O
PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
October, reflecting the initiation of recon s tn1ction projects. Tli e peak of th up,rnrd m0Ye111 ent in all th ' s tates 11 a , re: cite l on K OYem ber
\J, at wJ,ich t.ime more than 60,000 ,YPA
\1-orker
" ere employed on reconstruction
projects.
)._ large prnpmtion of all 11P.\ workers in
s tates :1ffeeted by the storm were employed
on emerge n(·)- and reconstruction project s.
Nearly 7:3 percent of :1ll the \YP.\ " -orker in
Connecticut on Septc-mber 2c " -ere so emp loyed.
In Rho le l slancl and Ne"- Hampshi re t he
proportion of 11P ..:\ worker. employed on
emergency and recnnstrnrtion projects a,-eragrd
more than 50 percent during th e eigh t-week
period hq!;inning " ·ith the last week of, eptemher. \\' P.\ employment in the other tate. also
reflected the importance of emergency and
r eh abilitation HdiYitie . (See T able 16 on the
preceding pagr .)
Ko one task performed hy the 1YPA and
ot h er agencies in connection " -ith the h urri ane
and noods of the fall of l 938 can be in gled out
as preeminent. Flood pre,·ention measure
precluded additional hard ships, rescue work and
the pro,-i ion of food a nd clothing alle,·iated
s uffering , and c]e;rn-up \1-ork and reh abilitation
activities gra dunll)- brought order and restored
damaged propert:Y in an area temporarily
st unned by di ;1ster.
WP A PROJECT OPERATIONS
IN SELECTED AREAS
in th e 1YPA p rngrnm in th e
D m a ny communities
o f th e country ar e th e
n ' FEREN CE
r e ult of th e kind of WPA o p erati o ns p ro posed
by th e s po nsorin g agen cie o f t he locali ti cs,
th e mann er in \\·bi h th e und e rta ki ngs a r c
pro cc ut cd , and th e Ya riet? in t he lw ndit ,:;
tlrnt r es ult fr om th e cornplct ccl proj ccl w o rk .
Th ee differ en ces are o bsc ured in a Na ti o nwid e tren trn cnt of th e ·w P.\ . Th e s ur H )"S
deYelo ped bel o" · are d esig ned t o illu s t rnt e t hi,
:1 pect o f \YPA actiYi ties by desc ribin g t he
act unl op c rntio ns o f t h e \YP.A in fo ur SjH'cific
il l'(':1 .
Th e s urYcys coy er \YP,\ proj ect o peratio n
in q uit differ e n t p a r t o f t h co untry . Two
rurnl co unti es a r e in ·lud d :1 m o ng th e d escriptio n of th e community pro1c!,T am s of th e \ \' PA .
Th e firs t is 1\ l a l1a s lrn Co un ty, l o wn , 11·hid1 lies
in t he heart o f th e co untr)' ' corn lw l t. E scmnbia Co un ty , Al n bmn a , o n th e ot h(' l' h a nd ,
i in t he dee p So u th . Of t he t wo (' itics s urYeyed o n e i m edi um-sized ,,·i th -! :>. O( Hl inlwb i(P o rl m ou th , Ohio ) . Th e ot her is a
tant
la rger c ity o f 11.5,000 inh nh itn n ts (E ric , Pe 1111 y lnrni:1) \\·hi ch h a m :rny o f t h e c h t1rac( e1is tics
of t he co untry ' iml us t rial ·en te rs.
Th e proj ect op er at io ns of t he se ledPd :treas
ty pify in c -se n ti al r esp ·ts t he o pl' r:1lio ns co nlu etccl by t lw \\"P.\ in m a n)· p a r ts of th
coun t ry. Each of th fo ur a r ea s iR m o re or
le s r epreson tatiYe f ·ompa r a ble lo ·al g oYorn-
me n tal subdivi s io ns in C'OJTCRpo ncl in g p a r t. of
th e co un tr y . . \ s a g roup th e urveys illu s tr at e
th e Yari ecl c t t ing in ,,·hi ch m os t of th e di ffer en t kind of prnj ect ,,·o rk haYe been clo ne .
Tii C)' to uc h up o n th e co nd iti o ns whi ch h :we
lc (l to th e proposal o f pnrt ir ul :1 r prnjec t un de rt:,k in g-s, t he p:ir t ic ip a ti o n of th e va ri o us local
public ag e nc ies wh ich s pon sor tl1 c proj ects, th e
act ua l m a nn er in w hi c h th e w or k lrn been
1•,1 r riecl on , a. ncl th e p ccific be nef its t hat h a.Ye
acer uccl to t he co m mu n ity fro m t h e ,1·or k
perfor med.
Th e rcYio,,·s of \YP. \ ope ra.tio ns in t h e fo wn rc,1s h:n-e bee n limi ted to :irrou n ts of th e
p rojec t ,rnrk it sr lf. No atte mp t h ns been
m nd e to d escr ib e th e p e rso ns g- iYr n jo bs or th e
m e:rnin g o f WP. \ Pmpl oym c n L to t he m and to
t lw ir famili es . P :1ss in g m e n t io n is nwde , h owC'Yrr , 11f t li e numb e r of jobs proY idcd a n d th e
ex te n t of u nem plo)· mc n t.
The s u mm a ri r s coyer \YP.\ o peratio ns only.
The)' do not include t he ,,·ork perfo rm ed under
t he ea rl ier wo rk prng-rams :ls to ndudcd b)· t he
( 'i,-i l \Yo r ks . \ dmi nis trntion a nd t he Lfc d eral
E m cr g cnc., · R el ief . \ dmi n is t ratio n . X c ilher do
t hey inclu d e th e 1rn r k pc r f'orni cd u nd e r age ncies
co nc urrc n t l)· o perati ng- ,,·ork proi<'d s, s u h a
t hc X a(io n:11 Y out l1 .\d111ini s lr:1(i o n , t he Pu b li c
\Yor ks .\dmi n is t rn tio n, t he C i,·ilinn Corn,eiTat ion Corps, a nd t ho o t he r l◄\, d cntl ag e ncies
th a t ca rry on p rojeC'l upe r:1tio ns .
45
-:16
REPORT ON PRO(:HESS OF THE \\'PA PROGRAM
MAHASKA COUNTY, IOWA
1falrnska Coun l!T is ,1 : f\4.000-,,cn ' exp,rn se of
fertile , slightly rollin g, fo rm la nd in the southcent ra l sect ion of ] oll'a . The county's farms
produce an :,ll\1ndnnce of corn , s ,nall grain s,
and h:1y . These printip,1,l fa rm crops :,re
la rge ly fed to bog:- and heel" catt,le t.he pri,nary
frtrrn pro lu cts s uppiYin g c-:ish income . lmportant productiY o ,1,ctiYitics in ,1ddition to farming
a.re c:u ried on in t li e small facto ri es, creameries,
and poultry h:1,tcheries of the county .
J.. ccorcli ng to l he H':rn Cens us of P o pulation ,
the cou n ty had :2.i,SOO inh :1bitn.n ts, nearh · h:11f
of -,d)()m (l 1,(500 1wr.3on s) li Ye l 011 r:,rrn s. No nfarm resid ent s were l,ugely con cen trated in
Oskaloos,t- tlie c-oun t!- s<'a L, a c(\llege town , ,rncl
tho mn.rk etin g ce nter or t.Jic. cou n ty- ll'hicli hn,d
a popul:1tion or 10 ,000 . Small tmrn s scatte red
t hrou ghout the <·ount_,- include Ne,,· Sh,1ron in
the nort,1, -ce ntrn.1 p,nt , ori g·inally :1 Quaker set t.Jernont ; P'remont to tho snuthe,1 s t o n th e diYicle
between t he Des :\foines and Sku n k HiYors;
B eacon , near Oskaloosa in the c·e n t,ral sedion,
once n thri Yin g- c·o1tl 111inin g co 1nnnmit.y; :me!
Rose 11ill , the c·<' n ter of :1 purebred hog- and
cat.t ic- rai s ing nn'a ne,1r Lake l( co111ah State
Pa.rk in t he e,1 s t-(·r n tral p:1rt of thP county .
A pprox imatcl!- P, :)00 person s ll'C'l'e engaged in
gainful occ upntion s in :\fah,1s ka County in
[9:30. .\ g ri cullur.tl ,n1rkers accounted for more
than .J. ,000 of th e g,1i 11 fu ll y employed ; ret:iil a nd
" -holesale tra de , (lYer l .000 ; and persons 0111plo_,·ecl in fo r tories, nenrly ,no .
Des pite t he lo(' ntioll of :\lalwskn Cou ll ty in
one of tl1t' most frrti le agrirnltural section s of
tl,e c·ot111t ry , th e e<·nno111ic s btu s of tl,e co11nty's
r esident s lw s hee11 :id YPrscl:· affrct ed in n'cent
year;; by th e lo\\- pric-es n'<·ciYcd for ngri c1iltur:1l
produ r ts, t he drn11 g hts ol' I ~l:H a11d I \n(i , and
th e depressed leYel s o r g"L'lleral hu silless act i, it!T·
· 011e of the fi, c h:rnks opn:1ti11 g i11 Oskn loos,1 in
HJ:3:2 s urYiYPd t l1 e b,rnk C' ri sis; t l1 ('_\' ha,·e hN'n
r epla<'ed , l1 0W('\'l' r . b)- hnJ ne\\· lrn11ks a 11d a
home loan ,rnd s,n-i11 gs :1 ssoci,llio11. S11("li i
th e ge ,wral se ttin g of tl1t' 1rn emp loym e nt problem of the r ount _\'; in 0 :-k :il<,osa condition s lrnve
b een :w<·enluntcd durill g th t' pn st vear hy tbe
shuttin g d<"rn ea rl! in l \1:3:-. ,1f an o,·erall
facto ry w hi ch ernpln:·ed o,-er lOlJ \\·urkers .
At the tim e of tl, e unemployment en sus m
N oYemher J9:37 , 1):29 person. between tl1 e age
of l :) and 74 (iutluding :3d \YPA and oth er
emerge11<·:· workers) registe red in ::\fa ha s Im
County as tota ll y unemplo_ved and .-30 more
registered ns p,Hlin ll y unemployed. About n
fourth of t he totn ll!- unemployed " ·ho Imel work
ex perience re ported them selYc' ' as common
I,) borers, n11d 11 en r ly .) fifth as farm laborers or
fornwrs. Onl:· lig h tly les numerou than
th e ag ricultural " -orkers were two ot l1er groups
of reg is tnmt s- ski lled workers and foreme n,
::ind se mi s ki lled workers .
1lan!· or th e unemployed in :\[ah a ka Cou nt)·
lrnve been ,_: iven " -o rk on \ YP.\ projects aince
the initintion of the WP.A program. In total ,
1,\:30 clifl'erent wo rk ers held project jobs nt
some time bet"·ee11 th e begin11ing of operations
in Nm·e rnl wr H):3:''> ,md :\forcl1 :31, HJ:39. Tl1e
numb er \\·11rking :1t any one time , bowe,-er , ha s
ran ged bdween :300 and 650 \\·orker s. Th ese
person s li.1 Ye been g rnding ,rnd wid nin g fa rmto-mark et n ad s . di ggi ng sewe r di tch es, deve lopi ng parks , n1:1ki11 g ga rments for n eed)'
familie s , :rnd doing the m::iny oth er kinds of
wo rk th at haYe heen carri ed on 11nd er t.he \YP.\.. .
The· result s of t hi s work l1aYe ad led materi::ill_,to th e public facilitie s and ' O<:i::il " ·elfare of the
COUJl ty.
Construction
Road Work
The ro:1d s!- tem in :\fa li askn County, as in
th res t of Iowa , h:i s been great!:· improYed
durin g recent _ve::irs tl1rougl1 the reg-u lnr road
work ca rri ed on in the state . To a la rg-e exten t
this imprm·ement .)11d rnainte11,1nce " -o rk has
been dired ed towards th e bui lding nnd upkeep
o f primary (s tflte o r Ji'edern l) rond , wli ieli ,ue
st,1te-mai11tnine I. Sennty of th e eigl1h·-six
miles of prim:H!' ro:id s in tl1e <·ount!· " ·e re p,n-ed
by th e end of l 9:38 , and th e r nrni11der \\·ere
gn1Ye led , ,H·,·ording to reports of th e t::ite
hi g l1 way ('Olnmiss ion .
He:-p()n sil>ilit)· for t he 1,105 miles of secondary rond s in t he <"ounty, however, r es ts on the
WPA
ROADWORK
IN
MAHASKA
COUNTY, IOWA
Through March 31, 1939
WPA Roa dwo rk on Co un ty a nd Other Local Roads
R oads s urfaced or re surfac ed by WP A
c l eared and grubbed and / o r
graded by W P A
R oads
0
S ca le o l Miles
■
R ock qua rry location
A
G r ave l p it location
Hi ghways a nd Roads
~
U. S . highways
~
Sta t e h ighways
County or other l oc 3I ro3d s
WPA
32 2 7
4'
HEJ'OHT OJ\ Pllo(:HESS OF THB \VP .\ l'ROGR.\.M
rounty. It is thC'se form - lo-markC't road s tbat
h,ff<' been dC',·elop ed throu g h '\\'PA proj ect
operation s . Before the '\YP A program ,ms
hC'g un the ('ondition of the ' ec-ondary road
Yaried g reat!)· . , ome bad been g raded nnd
, urfa('ed , but well OYer h alf were s till unimproved dirt rot,d s . Tnn·cl on un s m-fared road s
in .:-lah aska County ecornes exceedin gly difficult during rainy period s . Deep ruts t1ppPtll"
in ome ec-tion of the roads making two-way
tran sportation pradin, lly impossibl e. Frozen
urfares on rou g h road s cau se discomfort to
motoris ts and greatl)' in crea ' e the operatin g
co, t of car and tru('ks. In th e spring , espC'c ia lly aft e r ver)' hC'a,·y snow and rainfalls, su<'h
bad mudholes often de,·elop that tra0i<' is
blol'ked.
'\YPA work in :--fah aska Count)· ha s aln,,Hly
don e 111ud1 to improYe road condition s throu g h
the farm-to-market road projects that haYe
been prose<'uled in eYery town ship of the
county. By the end of :-larch 1939 exten sin
grubbin g and gradin g had been completed ; a
total of about 100 miles of secondar.,· ro:1d s
bad been s urf,1c-ed " ·ith ('ru shed tone nnd 2-!.res urfa('ed . The a<·<·ornp,111~·111 g map
m il e
sh ows t he lo<'ation of road s on whi('h work h:1 s
been done.
X1 ·,11n; R oF P E:H,-;o,,-; E\I Pr,111 ~; n o-.:
17 .
T A BL E
\YP .\ - Op ~; H , T trn P Hn n ; , •T,-; , AY T, PE~ o v P l\o.t E< "T,;
AXD
131
:-, F X
\I
\I I \ "iK \ C' O t "'•\T Y ,
JOWA
\ I \R l'I I 2:?, JIH\I
T ota l
.1111
1--
F'arm -to-m nrkt.' l ·11ul othe r s eco nda ry ron d s_ _
Puhlic hu1ldi n~:,.; rnnd equipment building
...;l' \\ N
sv ~h•tw:.
J-: du ta t ion
H rcrN1 t io n
P rofrssion f! l and r knra l
I fou sC'ket•pi ng aid(~
Sewin g nnd otlwr goods
~urpl11 s r omrnm llt i(' s
3' 11J
· A.~
~i
:3
H
I
I
5
5
"'
l~I
3;,
~j
3
I
IP
, \ ltho11 g h some of the " ·ork h,1 :-; hl'e n limitl'd
to dre-,:- in g ,rnd :-urfo <' in g f,1irl~· " ·rll-b11iJt road s,
mtl<'h of the mile,,ge impnffed by t h e \\· P.\
con s is t ed of unimpro,·C'd dirt road s . \\~hen
work w,1 s clone on :-ud1 ro:1<hn1ys th e '\Y P.\
undertook pr.H·li<'all)· th e buildin g of new rond s.
Care h:ts !we n tak en to SC'C' th:1t enc h '-<'<'I ion of
road on wl1id1 work is initiated " ·ill :-en ·e a:- ,Ill
011tkt lo :1 s mfo cecl road.
Since the rights-of-,\·a)· for . ome of the
ro,1d -;(•(·lion s " ·ere not -=; ufl ici ntly \\ ide to permit buildin g to tbe ,\·idth de. ired f r improYed
roud~ in the county (66 feet with a 26-foot r ad
\1·id t h ) it wa necessary to ,,cq uire tr ip of
hind a long the ro,1d side . Owners of ,Hljoining
f:irrn s l1twe in genern l made Lind an1.ila,ble fo r
t his purpose w it hout barge . In return, '\YP A
\\ orkers moYed th e formers' fence s hack from
th e nrnd to t h e edge of the new rig ht-of-way.
Th e np\,·ly acqu ired strip of land were t hen
cbu-ed preparatory to ditchin g and grading.
Bu sh es " ·ere grubbed. trees fe ll ed , a nd ' tump
rC'm11,·NI along the rights-of-\\·a~·:-\tCl' p grades haYe been C'lirninated and sight
dis t,1 neC's lengt hened b~- c ut t.i ng t he high er rises
:111d fi lling t h e hollow . Th C' dirt excaYatecl
from roaclsicle ditches . which are made at lea t
six feet \\ icle , ha s heen us<'d full~- in making
till s . ,rPA work ers htn-e done ,1 l,uge amount
of both the grnbbin g and the exc,wnting \\'i th
h.1nd too ls but tbe count~· has us ually proYidecl
the <'quipment and mac hi11 C'1y required fo r t h e
be:lY). cutting in addition to some foremen and
,1 few s pecia l machine operntors . T h e cru h eel
rock requir ed for tbe r oa d s urftic in g h:1s been
obt,1 in ed from rock quarries in t.hC' co un ty a nd
hns hL' en hau led in count)· t.rucks from the
1w:1n's t quarry to the locat ion s \1·h ere it is
lnid .
Prnp(' r dni in age of the rot1(L hns frequC'ntly
m' n 's:-i ta kd t h e in stalln tion of cu h- rts and
brid ges. From the beginnin g of the progr,1m
through :--l arch 31 , 1939, '\YP.\ worker had
con~trncted 635 cu h ·erts and bad built 12 new
bridges (four \\·ooden , seYen ted, and ne
m,1s01n~·) and recon trnct d :31 in t h cou n t)· .
.Alth oug h t he great sh a r e of t h e work d one
on transportation facilities in :-lnlia kn County
h:1:- been on fa rm-t o-market roads, the \\'PA
did undert,1ke a small amou nt o f street repa ir
,\·ork in Oskaloosa late in I f"l:3!i . Brick ' were
remoYed , cleaned , and r elnid :ind t he I asc rep:1irecl on 1,500 feet of briek -s urfoced s t reets.
Tl1C' n1 riou s kind s of rond irnprlffement actiYities h,n-e occupied the majority of 1YPA project
,\·o rke r ' eYer ince the initiation of the program.
Thi s type of \\·ork pro,,id ed emp loy me nt to
1warly two-third of th .-01 'iYP.A \\·orkers
" ·ho \\·e re emplo~' ecl in the county lurin g t he
la s t 1\·eek of :-larch 1939 .
"\YP. \ PHOJ E 'T OPE H .\ T JO X i::, J \. S l~ L E 'TE D \HE ,\ S
County Road Equipment Building
For a road sy s t!'m as e:" ten s i, :ls :\ I ahn sk :1
ounty Li as , a con s ide rab le :1mo11nt of ro:1d
equ ipm e n t i requ ired . Proper c:ll'e of t he
equ ipment i :1, m:1tt er of import:rncr ,1nd on e
that h as he cn mncle diO-icult in ::\ In hnskn by t he
lack of :1c lcq 11:1t s p:1c e for s tor:1 g :incl rn:1 i11t ('nance. So for , t he count)·'s ro:1c l m:1chinr 1y
and u ppl ir s lt :n · br rn hou srd in t \\·o old h:nn , .
Th ese b:nn . \\'hirh nre loc:1tccl t\\'o rnil('S
out icle of O k:1loos:1 , ar c poorly lig l1 tcd :rnd
ban' f w faci li t ies for rep:1 ir \\·ork . Th e county
high"'n)· clepartml'llt ne dccl not on l)· :1 li ,1t r d ,
well-li ght rd, ancl proper !)· equ ip ped rep:1ir s hop
but al~o , toragc s p:1ce safe from pctt)· t hi cY in g
and t h effects o f \\·cntherin g . Furthcnnore , if
storage space \\·en' :1 d equ:1tr nnd s,1fc , s:n•in gs
could he rcn li zccl from qu:111tit)· pllrc-hn scs of
uch . up plic :1s lumber , cement. n:1i ls. o il , :rnd
grc:1 . c.
l'ndcr n count)·-s pon sorcd 1YP.\ projcc·t ,
oper.1tion s s tnrtc cl in l\oYembcr HJ:3S o n t he
con . trnct ion of :1 ~:3 2 ,000 road equipment buildin g at Os ka loos:1 " ·hi r h sh ou ld he :1clcqu :1tc for
the co un ty fo r 2.) )·c:ns . The buildin g is in
the s ha pe of a n L with ,1 front two-s to ry
sectio n , GO feet " ·id e and :~2 frd cl rrp . In
t h e r ear is a 011 r-s t01y section :n fc,ct wide :1nd
nmnin g hack ,lK feet.
On t h main fl oor of t h e hrn-s tmy front sc'c·t ion ar c an office. a s torn ge room h:n·in g rack s
and s hclYcs for tools, t ires, :rnd ot he r s upplil's ,
a nrn ll , well-equipped work. hop , :rnd n lnrgcr
work. h pinto \\·hi c h mn chin cr)· c:111 he brou g ht
for rcpnir. T lw . ccond floor is :1cl:1 ptn hie :i s n 11
office for t h e co unt,)' en gin eer or :is cxt.r:1 s tor:1 g-e
pnce; a h eating unit is in t he b:1 ,wm c nt . Th e
re:n sect ion prm· id cs toragc s p:1 c·c for ro:1d
machin cr)' . Doors :ire large e nou g h to adm it
truck s, graders , :rnd o t her pi ece's of h e:n ·y
mac hin ery so t h nt tru ck lo:1d s of rn:1tc,ri:1l s m,1 :v
be driven in ancl unlo,Hled ::ind brgc piece's of
equ ipment nrny I e repaired uncl r . helter.
perial nrran g ment lia ve hccn mncl e for t he
tora g of hunbcr (u sed p rin cip.d ly in bu i Id in g
b ridges an l one of t h e major mntl'!'inl s purcha eel by th e co unty ) in n m ,\ll n ('r t h:1t will
tend to preYent p il ferin g nnd red uce d:1rnn ge
from " ·ent herin g. Plnn s r,1ll for the e nclos ure
of nn .1rP:1 11--1 fp p( i>Y 1,--1 fed ,1djoinin!! t l1c
( <>:\ ::; THL ( ' T l :S<l \ UL I Ll >I XU TO BE I s ~; J> I :\ 'I II I•:
JI OL ,-, 1:\(; .\ :S I > \1.\ 1\.'TE:\ .\ :\CE l>F COL:\TY
HO .\ I! E(/ l I I' .\ l E;-.;T
r ::id cqu ipme n L buildin g by n scvc' n-foot s tone
\mil \\·ith projcC'l in g :Hm . at th e top s uppo r t in g
three ba rbed wir s . A series of c-oncrete docks
nbo \·e :1dequatc ly drnined gro und nre prO\·i< IPcl
for piling t he lumb er. Three lo:H Iin g pb tform s,
loc:1tcd :do ng- t he r.1ilro:1d trn c ks jus t north of
th e e ncl os ure , will f.ici lit:1te t r:rn s fcr of lumlH' r
from r:1il ro.1cl c,1n; to t he s torage dork ' .
The ro:1d equipme nt buildin g- is situ.1tccl :it
tbe ed ge o f t he t0\n1 , in th e rcs iclcntinl sect ion
nenr P enn College . Efforts h ,n·c , th crdorc,
been dirc' dC'd tow:ll'cl s mnkin g l he bui ldin g
thorou g hly ,1ttrnrtivc as \\·e ll :i s useful. Th e
n:1tiYc rock is lnid \\·ith :1ttentinn to de. ig n :ind
bnd s<·:1pin g of t he e n tire grnund s " ·ill fo ll ow
th e con s truc-t io n work .
Edmundson Park Development
Tltc dC\·cloprncnt of S (i 1~ acres of pa. turc .111cl
fi eld in to a we ll -equ ipped p.uk is one of t lw out s t:1ncl in g pr jc t. in l\ fn haskn County . P :1rk
:1 rc:1s s 11pplicd wi th r cnen tio n:1 I f:iC'ilit ies :1ncl
aY :1il.ihle to t h e' people of Os k:i loos:1 :rnd n e:1rby
commu111t1 c
\\·ere, for prn c tiC':d purposes,
limit ed to t he s t,1t c p.1rk nt L,:1kc E:l'om:1l1.
Th is p:1 rk is loC':1tc'cl fi\·c mi les from Os k:iloos:1
and offers li ,-lii ng as it s chief nttr:1dion .
PurC' h:1:-c of land for Edmund son P:1rk \\:I S
m:idc' poss ib le h)· t he use ol :ii20 ,000 lwquP:lllH'd
to Osk:1loos:1 h)· th e' son of t h l' firs t shPriff of
:\bh:1 s kn ( 'ou 11 t)', for \\-horn thl' p:1rk is n.1m d .
Tlic city cou n<' il , s pon sor o f t he projPC'l , ;-;elected a s ite in t h soutlrn·es t sc C'! ion of Os ka loos:1 \\·he n ' 11 umc rou s hngp t recs, sli g ht I)'
rnllin !.! !.! l'O t1 11d . n ncl :1 \\ indin g nrr k c·ontril)llt <'d
REPORT O:\" PHO GHESS OF THE \\'l' .\ PHO (lHA i\l
lo th C' s uitnhility of th e' area as 11 -,it ,, fo r park
d C'vC' lopmC'nt.
.\ rLi,·ities on t,h e p:ir k projC'd IH'g-:111 o n
D erC' rn ber u, l 9:3.'i, \\'llli t li c re 1110 , :il of fC' 11<· cs,
dc:1d t,rees and brn s h , :ind buildin gs. T,rn
t h e llC'\\' P\\'. \ - huilt
houses wer e m ovecl t
as de ·('l'ihcd bclcl\\·,
and.
s
e \\ :1gc d1s po tl l pln11t
th e pl:111t allcmlr
fo
s
om
r ec·o 11 s tructed i11t o li
ttn ls. A11 old barn nnd --l , 100 fe e t, of fe11 ce
WC' rc torn d own a11d so m e o f t he sa h ·,1ged
m:1 tcri,1.ls " ·ere u t.il1 zed in erect m g lli e park
builclin g-s.
011 th e pa rk g rounds project 1rnrk e rs built
a b,1t.hh o use a nd s,1·immi11 g pool , ,1 p layg round
(equipped 11·i tli S\\'in gs, slid es, a nd tl n1 c1T~·-gorou11cl ), a pic nic a. rc:t, a.11 outdoor t h c:ltre and
bu11d s hcll , nnd n soft.hn.ll fi e ld . AJI t.li c huiJclrn gs ,He of na t ive lim esto n e nnd includ e, bes id e. th e b:1thhou e, a. conces ' io n buildin g ,
resr rooms. ' h elt e r , and a co ,·e recl ,1·ait ing
s l:1tio11 on the bu s r ute . Drinkin g fountt1 ins ,
(rn tHle principnlly of nati,·e
011tdoor OYen
s ton e). rustic benche , a nd picnic t:1 bles hnYe
been built t hro ugh out th e park . \\' ith a
S(':1tin g capacity of 500 p erso n . t h e outdoor
tlicntre ca n accomm odate a mu c h la r ger
ni,dicnce by use of t,b e s urroundin g grn ssy
slopes.
. \p prnximntcl~· t\\·o mil es of \\' ill([i1 1g driYes
" '<'re laid out . grn dC'd. nnd eill( lt-rC'd. :111d 15
('t1h c'rls \\·crv in s tt1lkd . Almos ( :.?,:300 lin enr
frd of c·o1H-rr(<.' sid r ,rnlks were lnid and many
pnt l, ~ l' i11d e n 'tl. Snwll footbri< lgl':,, of rnc-k and
ti111ht•r s pan t li e creC'k \\·liiC" h run s throu gh th e
pnrk . .Jus t aboYe t he mai11 drive th e s tream
,1·:1s dammC'd to p1 ·0,·idc' n s m,1ll lagoon , th e
o,·c• r!lm1· from \\·Iii ·h fo il s d 0\n 1 in cascades.
To minimi zr th e erns ion of tl, e trenm brrnk,
ret,1 i11i11 g \\·a ll s we r e built.
\\' o rk 011 tl1 e swimmi11 g pool, the park 's chief
:1ll r:1dio11 , s tartC<.l in ,Jul!· l D3u and was compl<.'lc' d for public op c11i11 g of th e pool on .July 4 ,
l!l 37 . Th e pool is 1:50 fret lon g and 75 f -et
wid e :rnd r:rnges ill depth from 2 1~ feet to 9 %
feel. l n :1 cconlan cc with r eg ulntion o f the
s l :ll(' tlc parlment o f h ea lth it bas a pur ifi ca tion
s!·s tcm c:1pable of r ccirculntin g all o f t h e " ·ater
in the pool every eight !, oms . T he city
prm·idcd over , ·22 .000 o f th e total $5:. ,000
outl:w fo r th e pool alld the .5 3- by 100-foot
tone bleach er
bathhou se. A conc rete and
s<.'c lion built al011,,.. tl horclcrin g terrnccd n ren i
1:u gr enough to scat 330 s pcctntors. E lectric
lig hts \\' CJ' <' in s tall d for nig ht use of th e pool
a nd a p:1rking lot aceornmo d c1ting 200 ears wa
h11ilt :rnd eq uipp ed " ·ith ligh ts .
Equipment of th e park wi th clri11kin g ll'ater
a nd s:rnitn ry fac ili ties required th e in s tal lation
of .) ,+!l :2 feet ol 1rnt,er m a.in s, 100 feet of 10-inch
sa11it:1ry se \\'ers, a nd m:1 11 holcs for both th e
":i lrr s upply and th e sc 11·er sy s tem s. In h11d S(':1 pin g t he pnrk, \\'P ~\ ll'Ork c rs se t 011t app roxi -
P.IHT OF ED.\J(";\1),-:u;-; P .IHK , TIIE :SEIi LY DE\"ELUPEU 56· .\ ' HI<: l<ECHE.\'f!U:\ .\L .\ HE .I :\E.\H o:-;K .\ LOOS.\
WPA PROJ E T OPERA.TI NS I N SELE TED AREA
nia.tely 7,000 trees, brubs, n1Hl plant . T a
great exten t, those tha t were ki!Jcd cl urin g th e
1936 drou gh t lrn vc bee n rcplnc cd . T l1 c la nd
and development of t he p:1 rk (cxclu siY f the
\\·imrnin g pool nnd bathhou se) co ·t ·1 17.000,. ' 5,000 for wngcs, $20 ,000 fo r land , and $ ] 2,000
for oth r nonlabor items. 1J ore tl1a1t 1,: 00
ton of untive rock from local quarries \1·ere
required for th e buildings. fo un tain s, entrances,
and other stone work . Timber used in t he
bu ildin gs and brid ges cam e chi efly from trees
and buildings cleared from the park ite ancl
from 100 oak t rees purclrn cd by th e park
boar l .
ince the opening of the pa,rk , :1,tL nd rrn ce
ha aver aged 500 or UOO perso ns daily , with
crowd s of 4,000 to 5,000 on Sundays and holiday . Persons comin g to th e park in clude not
nly the re. icl ents of Oskaloo :1 and f neighboring loca li tie , but also partie from a mu ch
greater distance .
Th e WPA ha s not limi ted its park work in
:-.1aha slrn. Co un ty to th e Os k:1100 a deY eloprnent. P ark proj ec ts have al o been operated
at New Sh aron a nd at the staLe park at La ke
K eomah. ,vorkers impro n d th e 20-acr e to wn
park at New Sli aron, erecting a bands tand fo r
summer concerts ancl an enclosed shelterhouse, grad in g and surfocin g wi tl1 cr ushed rock
about onc-halr nule of drives, n.ncl constructin g
a footbal l fi eld , table , and ben ches. Th e
project at La ke J-;:eo ma h St:1 te P ark (a 352-acre
tract in cl udin g a 70-acre la ke) \\'aS sponsored
by the Iowa State Co nsen a t1on Comnu ssio.n
and involved refores tat,io.n an l oth er imp rovement work.
Sewers
Project. for the .xtension of sc\1·er S)'Stems
!Jaye be n in op ration in Os k:1100. a a lmos t
continuously sin e the ini tia tion of the \YPA
program. i\los t of the work h as been don r
near the outskirt of the city in section which
lacked sewer fac ilitie . B)7 tli e encl of 11arch
1939 , V\TPA project emplo)'ces had l, id nearly
23,000 fe t of sani tary and to rm se,\·er lin es,
with conduit rn11 ?i11 g: from small pipe:- 8 in ch es
in diamet 1.· to large ~tonn sewers -1 2 i11cl1 r s in
tlinmeter . About, 00 mauholes aud catch basins
were also ins talled .
51
lll Oska loosa, :i s in m:rny growing cities, the
origillal sewer S)'slcm rr quirc-d extension and
011l nrgement to scrYc- lli c in creasing population.
~ Lorc-o \·er , un trea led sewage was nm in to a
creek, a proced11re wl1ich en lall gcrcd public
hen Itl1. This ornli ti on res ult ed ill t he erection
of two di po al pla nt as Public Works Adminis tration proj ects alld the layin g of main s
ll1 rough projects of th e Fl£RA ancl the 'v\l PA.
Previously both th e torm an l sani tary ewagc h:1cl been emptied into a sin gle o utfa ll.
K cw outfall sewers to th - disposal plant were
ins tnllecl by the \VPA in uch a wa)' tlrnt tli e
s torm ewers emp ty in to the creek as before
but the sani tary sewn g i carried to tbe new
p lan ts . Thu the load on th e ou tfnll s:111i tary
sewers is greatly le senecl . \Vhell the present
\YPA proj ects am com pleted , the sewer sys tem
sh ould be adequate fo r 15 or 20 yea rs.
The two P\'\'A scwag lisposa l plnnts are
located just out id the cit)· limi ts, one to the
nor theast and tli c ot her to th e sou t hwest of
the city. Wh ell nctivities star ted on the park
proj ects in October 1935, WPA workers moved
two farm houses from th e newly acquired park
grounds to ites at th e di posal plants, remodeling th e h ouse into hom es for the plan t
attendants. Th e work included n0w foundations and new roofs for both houses and new
ex terior walls of s hin gle for one. These i.n1provements, togeLhcr \1·ith the in ta llation of
pl umbing , complete refini shing of interiors, and
paill tin g, c01werted the ho uses in to attractirn
m odern dwellings .
Grounds at but l1 plants " ·ere graded a nd enclosed with :1 high , 11·0\·en-wirc fen ce. Shrubs
and gra s seed were planted nnd concrete sidewalks a.nd paths were laid . Orn:1.me.n t:11 entrances wer e built of na ti,-e ro ck. At th e nor theas t plant tl1 e \\'PA bu il t a shelt erhouse and repb ced an old wooden brid ge \1-itli :1 li'>- foot steel
s t rwture . ln the ~ro ,·c :l !:joining tl1e southwes t plan t t,vo picnic O\·ens 11·ere cons tructed.
Gymnasium-Auditorium
As a result of th e g r:1du:1 l consolidntion of
rn r:il schools in l o\1·,1 . con struction of sch ool
h11ildings l1 as not been fc:1tured in the tate as
it l1 :1s in some seet ions of the count ry \Vher e
school cons truction represents a, very important
RE P ORT ON PROGRE SS OF 'l'I-J E W PA PROGRA M
s id e furni sh a mple acrommodation s for sp ectato rs :t t lrn ll ga mes. Th e s t rrge i nankecl by
h rn dressinf?: room s .
'ouncl -absorbi.ng wallh1>n nl on tli e ceiling and upper wal ls and cind er
brick in t he lO\\·er pa r t ins ure good aco ustic
cffr<"ts. High -sch oo l nnd old er grad e-school
s t 11d cn ts m a ke g r a t e t use of th e n e \v gym nn,; i1un , lcav inµ- th e old gymn a ium for th e
yo un ger cltil lren .
O ther Projects
p li.1 se of \YPA work . Tli c on e- roo m dis t ri ct
sel1ool s h.:1 ve gradu :tll)· g iven w:1 y in l\lalia s kn
C ounty , as in tli e s t ate gen e rnlly, to conso li cl :1 ted sclioo ls \Vltich pro vid e for liigh -sch oo]
trnining : s well ns for g rndc-scliool work . R ecent gr o w th in :1t te nd:mce :md exp :rn , ion o f
sch ool ac ti vities , ]1 0\vevcr , h ave rend e red som e
of th e bui l lings inad cqua te fo r c ul'J'ent n eed s.
T l1e consolid:1t d school building at Ced ar , n
vi ll age south f Os kaloosa . i illu s tra t ive of tl 1is
situ a ti on . Tl1 e gymnasium \\·as too sm all fo r :1
s t nnclanl -siz d hnsk et lw ll floor :mcl th e onl y
sp :1ce avniJ n blc fo r sp c t:1, tors \\' .l S a small h:11 con)· on on e sid e. The bound a ries o f th e court
wer e only :1 fe w feet from t h e wa ll , :rnd two
co lumns un Ller tl1 e h alc01t)' add ed to the d a ngt'r
o f injury to th e p la )·ers . In asm uch :is hi gl1 scl1 ool g:nnes mHI t ourn :1ments con s titut e th e
maj or rec re:1tion a l int erest of t he entire co mmuni ty durin g tl1 e wint e r m onth s, t h e need fo r
:m ad eqwi t e Jl oo r w:1s fel t keenl y. l\ l oreon'r ,
th e sc hoo l b11ildin g h nd n o aud ito rium for
drnmatics and musical produ ct ion s, for g r:1<lu:1t ion exe rcises . :rnd fo r n th r sc hoo l o r com muni ty programs.
Und er t l1 e sp o 11 sors]1 ip of t he con solid a tecl
scl1 ool d is t rict of Ceda r an :111dito ri11m-gym n:1 sium ln1s b een :Hi d ed to th e sc-l1 ool huild i.ng .
Tl1t' dis t rict assum ed 11:lil' (% 10 ,057) o f tli totnl
cos t of ::.ti ,.-07. The ne\\. bric k-and - til e s tru ct ure is app roximately 72 feet squar e an d prov id es a 40- by 50- foot {l oor tha t c:m be u cd
eith er fo r bas ket ball or a :m ,rndi t orium .
E lenttecl scats exten ding nlon g th e entire ca s t
ide o f th e roo m , :1 hnlc- on)· o\·er t li c lo bby :it
th e r'llCI, nnd t h e fl oo r of tli e stnge on th e \\·es t
\ l a jo r :il te ration s \\·ere mad e on th e :-.blrn sk a
( '()llJl t;'I co ur t h o use. Tli e co urtroom wa s larger
tl1 nn its use r equired nncl cOtmcl carried verv
p oor]~, . Th ro ugh a proj ec t ca rri ed on in tl{e
a utumn o l' 193 7 , the ceili ng o f th e courtroom
\\·as lowered a h ut ix fe et , the wa lls were
CO \"er ecl \\cith so uncl-n hsorbing board a nd th e
rl onr \1·a, r efini hed . Fom offi ces for tbe j ucl ge
nnd o th er ofli cia ls \\·ere parti t ion ed o ff from th e
co ur t room . Wall s, ce ilin gs , nnd floors throu g ho ut th e res t of th e buildin g \V r e r econditioned
and ncl litio ns were m ad e to th e plumb in g and
h ca ting sy s t em s . In l 9;3 5 improvements were
m :1d e on tlte Oskaloosa high -sch ol building,
trnd th e s urrounding gr o unds. Throug h oth er
proj ct op er a ti on s th e interiors of th e fi ve
Os k:1 loos:1 sch oo l huildin irn. th e count)' courth o use, t he count y h os pi t al , and th e city h all
wNe r en ovated .
LTncl er comrnunit)' s a ni ta tion pro j ec ts sp onsor Nl by th e U nited Stat es Public H ea,ltlt
~rrYice a nd t li r s tate d epH tm ent of hea lth
a lm os t 392 sanitar y toilets wer e plncecl in
public p1Hks, on rnr:il sch oo l gro unrl s, and ,
wh ere th e o wner m e t nll co ts of m nterial , on
priY:1 t c pr op er ty. Th e exp r ncliture of ·7 ,400
l1y Lh e sp on sors, throu gh :l\forch 1939 , w:1s
lnrg-ely fo r m atc rinl s and pmc ticall~r ;1ll of the
~l :3,200 p aid o u t from F ed eral fund went to
p roj ect work er
Profess ional and Serv ice Work
Se wing room op er ation s <1 nd prof e sional and
srr v icc pro j ec ts nr e c urren tl_v prov iding rnpJ o~·mrn t fo r Abo ut 1.5 p erc ent of th e \\' PA
11·ork ers in :l\Ia h nslrn C un ty (74 o u t of 501
r m p Joyrcl durin g th e las t week o f :l\hrd1 1939).
Alth o ug h two-third
f th e non e-o n, tructio n
W PA P ROJJ~ 'T U P ERATI OS
wor kt' l" (m o. tl)· wonw n) 111·(' 11 s. ig n cd to t he
C'll'ing projr<'t o r a h usr k ee ping aid es, th e
1d1itr coJl a r program in th e co un t)' i qui te
diw•rsifi r d , en comp assing a r ecr ea ti on prng-rnrn ,
unit 0£ th e wri ter ' and mu sic proj ec ts, f! dtllt
clu rn tion cla. SC''> , b ookmrncling , a Brnill c
proj ec t , nncl c lerief!I enices . R r l,1 tecl ac tiYitie , br ·c1rs th e buildin g r en ov a tion proj ects
m en tion ed ab ov e, in clud e prn:jrcts l'o r th e di tribution o f urpJu s comm cl itir s arnl 11 s ubsis tn e gn rd en .
Rec reation , Federal Arts, and Education
Th e tatr B oard of 'o ntrol spon sors th e
\YP,\ r ecr ea tion projec t in l01rn. Jn eac h communi ty in 1d1ich a unit op erat e a lay commi t tee compo eel of intr r e~ ted ('iti z('n . from
n rious clubs and occ upa tion a l fi e ld s erves as
ospon or a nd work lirec tl)' 11·i tli t h e pr0ject
up erYi or . Th e com mi t t ee in Os kaloos:1 ,
Kh er th e M a h a ka County p roj ect is Joc ntecl ,
ecm ecl p ace at th e ('ity hall for 11 r ecrea tio n al
cen ter and o btain ed th e us e of th e wor ks hop
and rea ding room a t th e Y::\l ( \ \ and use o/'
choo l pln:vgrouncl .
L ea th r ll'Ork, pln s tic ar t , fin ger pnintin g ,
fl o wer craft, m etalwo rk , a nd clay rn oc klin g,
ancl om e 1rnodwork ar e includ ed a m on g th e
ph a e of t h e handicraft 1rnrk conclu de l a t t he
rec ren ti on c-e nt er a t t h ci t)· h a ll . Th e cen ter
ha facili ties fo r indoor ga m es, a noYelty orch e tra, and a pupp etry club .
uch typ e of
acti,·i ty ar e popul ar in the wint er ; in th e s ummer , ho wever , chj cf in ter es t att;ich e to p orts of tb all , ll'immin g , p addl e tenni., croqu e t , nncl
hor esh o pitc hing. I-l 9ndicni/'t is popul:11' tli c
I .\' ,' ELECTED .\REA '
53
coa l- proclu r i11g- c·o un ty . 'T'h r s urTry r o,·c rs t hr
locn tion of t he mines bot h t he fr 11· t h:1t an'
till active a nd th ose th at h ave been ,1h,u1lon ed- t h e techniqu es u C'd in t l1C' mine , a n d
t h e ph y s ical as pects of t li e mi11i11 g c·ornm trni t iC's.
I n nrnn,v in s ta nc es t he. e communities l1 ave becom e " g h os t " to wns following t he ex lrnu s tion of
mos t of t h e coa l veins JO o r .I ~ ye:trs ,1go.
1lateria l rela t ing to ::\ l ,1li as lrn Co un ty ll' rts compil ed for inclu sion in th e l o1n1 g uide book publish ed in Au g us t I 9:3c:, ,m Iow:1 e neyelope( lia , an
I o w:1 almana c , a hi, tor)' o f s ports, and s t:1t ewide sol' ia l-e thnic s tudies .
A uni t of th e F eckrnl m us ic pro j<'C'l 1rn s
in itiated in B eacon. Opp rt unitiC'. to s tud)·
mu siC' h ave been scarce in this impovC'ris hed
mining community, in whie h th C' maj o ri ty of
residenLs :1re \\'clsh , a n at ionali ty n o t ed for i t '
mu sical in te res t and a bili ty . Thro ug h t h e
project, g ro up cla sses in in s trument a l mu sic
bave been (' Onclu c ted in roope r:1tio11 11·itli t he
reg ul n r sf' l1 ool c ul'l'ic ulum .
)'E'fl r round .
Under th e lead e rs hip of eig ht pro j(' d wo rk e rs.
bet ween 700 an d 800 person s par t it" ipa.te d u ring
the ummer and from 400 t o 500 in t h e win te r .
ne of t he reg ula r sch ool ph)"'it"a l trn ining
t ac he rs jg retained b)T th e ch ool boa rd t hroug h
th e .;; ummer to wo rk wi th th e \YP~\ lc:1 d ers.
T he F eel ra,l ll'rit ers ' p ro jl'ct beg an o pe r:1 tion s
in 11ulrn . ka Co unt y in D ecemb er 1935 . Thro ug h
tbi p rojec t \YP.A employee prepared :1 g uid (•
to P elln, :1 to wn in an a lj oining co un ty n o ted
f r th e annu al tulip fe tiv:11 h eld in t h e t raditi o n
of i t Dutch se ttl rs . Th )' also cond ur t cd n
s un·r )· of co nl mining in ~[ a lrns k :1 , on ce :1 l:irgl'
:!OJ .1 77 -
4' 1 -
fi
\I
1.1 <> 1{
11, TE l{I I 1<1, ,-; \ I \ I ll<; TO CO l ~T \ l'O l H T H!l<I\ I
J, ( ' Ll' l >E l l L() \I Jc l!l ,C; T II J,; <'E lLJ ,<: I , I I CO \ ' J,; [l.
1:-.'<:
\\' LT II ,.;0 1 :S. l >· lf l ,.; ()J{Jl l :\!, ll!l\l{I)
11·.11, 1,,.;
5-1
REPORT OC\ PROGRESS OF T H E WP.\ PRO ,RA:\I
The nchilt e<lu ('ation program in :\Lth <1:-drn
Count:,· is <;ponsored hy tb e Jown D epartment
of PubliC' l n s tnl<'tion a a part of a s t,1t c-wid c
project. lt is ('Osponsored by the Os k,l.loosa
sc hool board, \\·hi ('h has s uppli ed rooms, desks,
and ot her fa (' ilities. C itizclls liip cl,1 sses for
ali ens who de, ir to beC'ome citi zen s h,11·e been
opcrn tin g since .)anu ar>· 1936. Th ese cons titute
th e most import ,rn t pli ase of t he work and
inducl e cla sses in English nnd (' ivics held three
ni gh t. ,l \\·eek in the high-schoo l huilcli.n g. D urin g- the pas t ~- ar an a ,·era gr of 1 persons,
h11 g ely fmrn t h , mining dis tricts, h,n-c been
enroll ed. T en pr rsons ,d10 wrrr m cm br r, of
th e dn i:;ses lune l1eco mc nn tur:1 Iizcd citizen .
ln addition to th e C' iti zcns hi p cla sses, two
types of adult edu cation C' h1 s, cs nr e in c·urren t
oprrn tion. From 50 to 60 r1irollecs re c iY
ins tructi on i:n in s trumc11tnl mu sic. An adu lt
sc" ·i:ng cla ss provides tmining in elec ting and
('U ttin g pat tr rns, making ove r ga rment , and
ot her ph ases of sewing.
Clerical
~en• ral cliffr rent kind of wo rk ha ,·e l ecn
carried on t hrou gh the oper at ion of clerical
projceL. 011 the book.mendin g project 1. 396
sch oo l books had been cleaned and mend ed
b>· April l 9:39 nnd :300 volumes h:id bcc' n
Thirty-fo ur Yo!umcs of Braill e
(':7 talogc•d .
trnnsniption had bee11 rnmplrt r d fo r d is tribution to blind rend ers th rou gh t he s t,1te tr.n-eling
lih rar_,·. C'011:--idt•rnblc work h,1s nl so !)('en don e
in incl rx ing ,md tn hula ting rr('on ls in th e oAiec::-of t he <·ount>· clerk . t rens urcr , reco rd er , an d
s upcrintcrnlr nt of ' d ioo ls.
] n 1ri::rn th e h1x reeonls and as:--csscc l \ ' :JI ua tion
for n 'a l propert _Y in t he nnious ro unti e in
l own wC'J'e :rn:1 l>·zed in o rde r to <lcte rrnine the
probable eff r ct of a homcstr,1d tnx rxcmption
In"" . Tl w findin gs in :- I a hnsk,1 l'ou nt>· "·ere
i11e or ponitcd ""it li rnntcrinl from ot he r ('Ounties
of the :-- late into ,7 repo rt \\·hi (' l1 was utilized
b>· memb ers of th e 19:37 s tntt• legishlture in
fram ing th e l lomes teacl Ta x l~xc mption Bill.
.\l a lrn skn Count>· is a lso partiC' ip ,1ting in a s ur\·ey to prO\·icl r ,7 complet e filr of the names,
w,n l'<'('O rd s, :rnd oth er fa ct. rr lnting to war
,·rtr nrn :-- \\·hose gm,·e<; ,ll'<' in Iowa , 11"11ic- h in
a ddition to identifyi11g the g rans of t he
wtrn111s 11·ill suppl ement the vita l tati tic of
the s t,1,tc.
Housekeep ing Aide Project
Ou ts tarnl ing among th e en · ice proj ec t
opcrntccl in .:\ !ah a ka ou nty is the work f
t he Li o u ekee pin g nides . U 11d cr thi pro ject an
a-vcrage of 1 aid es h n-ve been employed e-v r
inc c M arch 1936. n·omcn nssign cd a aides
are cnt to the hom e of th e n eedy to g iYe
ass is tan ce in housework and r elated home
problems \,·h en th e hou sewife or hom emaker,
because of illn e s or childb irth , i temporarily
unab le to prrform th e minimum hou ehold
dutic that nrr c srnti al.
Eac h wee k tl1 e supe1T isor of th e proj ct
makes out fl program fo r th e aides. Som e
familie s arc giY en nssistancc o,·er a con id erablc period \\·h er as for o thers the need i of
short durat ion . F,1rnilies requirin g hou ~ehol l
ass istn n ce ar r re fcn rcl to the proj ect . upen · i~or
b>· the co unt)· r elief agenc)-. ,\·ith rcc-ornrn cndation s a to th e number of days a week an l
leng th of prriod durin g wh ich ::ti I should be
gin n . Th e purpose of tlw project is to scJYe
only emergcnr )· cases but in som e in s tan s a
limited amount of ti me rach week is giYen to
dm1n ic cases. A tabulation of th e Yi sit s made
cl u rin g th e In s t \\·rck of ".\ fnrc-h bowed that 96
Yisits wer e mad e to 20 fnmili cs. Eighteen of
the e wer e familie s " ·h ere th e hom emaker
wa s ill.
Th e work of th e aides includ es gcncml
houc;c bold duti es. care of sm all children and
infants, simple ho me nursin g (onl)· und er the
direction of a doctor or public nursc'l, wa h in g
and ironin g, se,\·in g. and m endin g clo th es nncl
beddin g. ,Thile doin g tlw nece, nry general
work the a idr also do es \\·lrnt she ca n to m ake
th e home neater nn d more attracti ,·e.
Subsistence Gardens
P ersons rcc·ci,·in ~ ge neral relief a nd fomili e
of ,YPA \\·o rkcrs are en('o 11ragecl to gard en
under th e s u hsist c11 ('e garckn projcd sponsor ed
by t he co unt)' reli ef nclmini s tration. It bas
n ot been nr<·rssar)· for the c-o unty to r ent la nd
for t hi s pmpo e sin re a s u Aicicn t number of
pl ots of unu sed land ha,· been , upplicd by
WPA PR JECT OPERATHL S J;,_
int er e ·ted !'itize ns . ,\.l t hough th e s tand,1rd
ub is ten('e plot is .-o feet by JOO fe e t th e
ga rden area a ·tually worked depend som ewbat o n t h e size of the lots nrnde ,wail ahle .
eecl , h ot ho use phlnts, seed pot:1tocs, and
in ectieid es ar e furni sh cl b)- t b e C'ounty to
p r on recci,·ing relief. Althou g h fomilics of
11PA ,rnrkcrs a rc not s upplied with seed, they
are enco m aged to g ard n ,rnd nrc gi,·en t h e
ame upervision in th eir ,vork a ar tbc relief
client . \ VP A wor kers wh ar e assig n eel as
gar l ners see th at fomilie get proper seeds
and pbnt ; t h e latter, chiefl y tomato a nd
cabbao-c plnnts , are mi cd in h otbed s by th e
proj ect ga rden ers . The gard eners ,1l so s uperYi e all plots, h 0\\71li; th e in expC'l'icnccd b ow
t cu l tin1 tc their ga rd ens nncl l1 ow to use ine ·ticides . ]n the spring of 1938, :3 78 gard en s
" ·ere plan tee!.
Sewing Project
Approximately $69 ,000 h as been expend ed
on the cou nty-\\·id e sewing project located at
0 kaloo a; t his kind of work has furni sh ed t h e
majorityoftheWPAjob forwomen. \Yorkers
on this proj ect not only m ake <·Jot hin g and
bedding sufficient to m eet mos t o f the n eed s
of t h e relief recipie nts in the cou n ty but t hey
also uppl)' a rtide for the cou nt y home and
t h co un ty h ospital. Th e 33 ,.500 g nrm ents
made for n eedy per on s b et ,1·ec n No\'c mber
1935 a nd 1farch 3 ] , Hl39 , indud ecl pradir·ally
all types of wom en 's nn d childre n 's ,1·c:1r
S WDDll :\'G P OO L
AN'D ll.\ T 11 JI CJ U S E
BUILT RY 11 1' 1 l N'
ED M UN' llH O ' 1' .IHK
ELE CTED .\RE A
55
CX!'C'J)t !'Oats ,111<1 ot he r ,1rt id t's o f hea1·y lllat crial. .For m en ,rnd boy s , s hir ts, 1rn jam ,ls,
short s, ancl overa lls ("mall s ize · nly ) ha ve
been m ade . Comfort ers h:11·c be n th e lllos L
<·omm o n item of' fwdd ing prndu<'ed on tl1r
prnjec·t.
,\rti!'lcs J rc1rnrccl for in s titution s (7,700
article::; t h rou gh .\Llrd1 1930) arc m ,ld e ,l<·<·ord in g to pecifi c·:1 tion s s upplied by ::; up crin tend ent of th in s titution s. All sewing ma<"hin cs
in u e on th project are of th e treadle type.
About t 1rn y,1rd s of doth ,nc <'UHcntl)' Jurnis ltccl by sponsors for each y:1 rd proc m cd by
t h e u s of .Fed eral f unds .
Su rpl us Commodi ti es
\ \'o rke rs on projects for the <k trihution of
s urplu s comm oditi es to needy families eh cck ,ill
ineoming con s ignments ,1 nd iss ue tl1 e comrnocl itics to r ecipients . .Families of \\' PA workers
ns well a s famil ies 0 11 gcn crn l n·lid r c ivc s urplu s comrn od i ti cs . Among the kind of food
di s tributed nre na vy bean s , corn m eal , graham
flou r . \\·h eat !lou r , butter. nnd fruit s s ue h ns
grnpefruit. ora nge, , nnd someti m es prun es.
Jn Okaloosa m ember s o f r elief famili es us unlly om c to tl1 c h ca dqu:1rt cr::; of tlie proj ect (a.
room in t l1 c ba sement of th e <·o urt ho use ) to rccei,·c their allotment s. \YJ1 cn all member,; of a
n eedy famil y arc eonfin ed to tlwir borne t he
commoditi es ,nc dclinred by t h e project workers . For pcr~on s in o th e r p,Hts of th e co unt)·
t l1 t' food is tr:1 11s po rt cd in c·ou 1ity t ruck s from
56
REPORT ON PRO(:RE S OF THE WPA PROGRAM
tht' prnjt•d <·r 11 lrr in Oslrn loosa to ln(':1 I g n1<·<• ry
sto rt's . l•: :1<'11 s tore rn,rn:1ger , li kr (li e projl'd
work ,., i11 Os k:doosa, has a li s t 1rn1d r o ut h_\. tl1 r
l'Olllll)' rrlief :lg<' lll'Y of thosr f,1milir s to \\·horn
tl1 r s trrpl11 s <·o mmodi t ir s nrr to h r givr 11 . Tli r
ln<·:1 1 g-rn<·e r_\· m en n•<·<'i 1·t' no <·0111pl' nsutio11 fo r
tli r ir work in t·n 1111 ect io11 w ith di s t1·ihutio11 o f
comm odi t iPs.
Tl1 r c·o1 111t.v rl' lid :1 d111i11i s trator, \\'lio s uprrYi,-rs tlil' distrih11tion of s urpltr s <·ornm lH iiti l's , ts
nlsn rrs pon sihk for t he di s tribution to rl'lirf
rr<'ipir11Ls of dot liin g prnd11<·ed in thr \\'I' ,\
srwi11 g rno111 s. Artid es nreded hy till' i11di v idt1:1l f:1111ili es arr ord ered spel'ifit·:tll)' h_y c·,ls<'
\\'Orkers , wlio indil'ntr t he kind of g-:HnH'nl :111d
tlir sizt' rl•q11 irr d . lf t'. 1e :ll'til'les :ire not i:1
s tn<'k ord1'rs for t ll('m nre sr n t to tl 1r se wi11 g
1n :1ddition to the c·tr J'f'<'llt dis tril)IJtio11
room.
of g:1rrnrn( s m:l<I <' on t he sewin g- prnjrd , tlir
<·nnls, s tril s, :111d ot li t>r item s of dothi11 g- ptrrl' ii :1srd 11ndrr l it e EH. .\ Art of 1i.r:rn 11·erl'
isstred to f:1111ilirs in nel'd dming t he :1trtt1111n
nnd winlrr of I \t~k :rn.
c•o ntrih 11t io11 to t he resid ent s of t ll(' cotm(v.
In ad dition, tl1e possibilit)' of using tnl('k. at
all)' t i11l(' of t he year to trnn sport ca ttle and
hogs to rn:1rket means much to the farm ers of
t hi s p:Htin1l:n rnral cou nty . Th e ro,1cl proj ect,
:1 lsn, haYe prnn' n \\·ell uited to t l1 e cmploym en l o f th e majorit y of th e workers in Mnha ka
( 'ounty, who h ave d evelop ed no pnrticular
0(·<· 11p:1 tion al skill in their typiC":l l employ m ent
ns fnrm hnncl s or as rommo n la bor e rs.
Tilt' s(•lec·(ion of tl1r proj rds trnd r r tak r n in
1\ l :1li:1 s lrn ('ounl ,v, ns in t l1 r rest of tlir Nat ion ,
has hre n d rtl' rrnin ed by the spe<'if-i<' needs of
the c·om11111nit y, t he :rn10tr nt of fund s n1·,1 il :1hk ,
and thr ,-k ill s :t nd O!'l'll]):ttional hal'kgrounds of
t hr \\·orkl' rs 011 thr n'l id J'O lls. Thr predorn in :ll H'<' of ro,1d \\·o rk amo ng t hr \\' P.\
,1di1·iti rs is in di<',ltive of t l1 e outsta ndin g 11r<•d
for hrttl'r fann -to-rn :1rket J'0,1<l s in t he l'Otr llt)·.
Sul' h work n<·c·otr n ted fo r !i8 P<'IT<'nt of expr ndit11 res for c·o ns ll'lldion :ldiviti es, indtrdin g
s:111i( :1lion nnd l1 e:i lt h work , t l1rn11 g h :-l:1rl' l1
:11, rn:~!l , :l s ('O lllJ):lJ'l'd to -Hl ])('J'('ellt for t li e
t·o1 111 t ry :i s :1 w hole.
The g rr:i(rr :l('('('Ssi hilit y to SC' hools, (' llllf'(' h('S,
nnd tr:1di ng- :111d social l'en ters that is p rm·id ed
hy i111 prn1·c'd se<·o 1Hl,11·)' road s i a YCl'_\· n':d
Th e project act iviti e d escribed nhove cost
slig h t !.\' mor e tl1an $ 1,200 ,000 l'rorn t he initiat ion or \\'PA o peration s in H):3.", t hroug h i\I a rch
:~ I . I 0:rn. Th e tot:11 in clud es t he expe nditme
011 <·o ns trudion projects as s hown in Table l
:111d t he !j;(i\l,000 s pent in the o pernt ion of th e
<·ot111ty sewing room. It d oes not includ e
e:q)l'11d it u res for a fe"· s tate-wide 11·h it e co ll a r
projert s tl,nt 11·ere condu cted in 11:ilrnslrn
Cou11t_,· 0 11 :1 s m:111 sc:1 le. ~J or e th:111 fou r-fifth
of t he tol:il of approximate ly $~70.000 ex pend ed
from F<·dPr:il l'u11cl s was for the payment 0f
or the $:3.S0, 000 s upplied b)· s tat r,
11 :lg'('S.
c·o unt_v , :rnd town agen cies po 11 sor ing projec t ,
more th:111 two-third s repr ese 11ted out l:i_vs for
111 :1t<-ri:1 ls. s upplies, eq uipment , rpnt s. :rnd oth er
11 011 1:1 hor itl'm s .
ExPE N D I T\TRF.s 01,. FEDEtl\L AND I PONT,RL E l~ .
soR-;' F PN Ds 0:-1 \VPA -OPERATED Co:-1 s TR UCT 10.:;P1toJ F.C'Tf\ , BY TYP Ef\ OF PROJ ECTS
C'l' \1t · 1 \ T l\'E THROl'(; IJ i\f.\RCII
=--
31. 1919
--c=====================
.\ mounl
I .\m oun t
Type of Prokd
T otal
$ 1, t.',(),43-1
Puhl i<· hu ild ings- Cont.
7:-..3, 43.5
R oad 1qu1pnwnt
huildine
and
n athholl"l'
s wimming pool
1
F'arm - to• markt'l and
o th e r
s,•<:ondary
road s \
1;)9, 239
l'uhl l<' h111ld1nc::-- _
l1111 1ro\1·1111• 11 1
of
puhli<· h11ild1n.{!s
l :yr11na~i11m-audi-
71. 071
Parks and o llw r n•cn•ational fnC'ilit it•s
f'onsl•n·n1 ion
S.rw,,r S\"S ll' lll S
Snni tnt ion nnrl lwnlt h
11 , 418
52. 2-13
13 1. 701
1 .,
5 1. 162
20. fil7
ton11m
WPA PRO.JECT OPER .\Tl ONS I N S l~L:EC'l'EO .\Hl<J AS
ESCAMBIA COUNTY, ALABAMA
E c:1mhi:1 C'ou nl)· is loc,1l ed in ! ii l' so1d ll\\"\'S t
part of Al:1bam,1, next to Floricl:i "s norl li l'l"ll
border. It i essentially a r11rnl c·o11nly wlios('
clrnrnetcr is indicMcd by th e f:1ct t h.it o nl y ~.ooo
fit 28 ,000 i11li:1bi tn11t s r es id e i11 incorpo 1·:1 !r d
places nnd tliat its two larges t lmn1 s, J, tmore
1llld Bre\\·to11 , h:1,·e onl)· 3 ,000 inli:1hit:1nl s e:1c h.
.\.bout one- hnlf of the I 0 ,000 gai nful \\"O rkc' rs in
E scamb ia ar r cn g:1ged in agri e ulturnl nC'li,·itir:-. ;
nl)T o ne-lifth nf t he
th e c work ers c ulti,·at
aren of th e co un ty. Th e 1·em:1i11d er s upport s :1
fairly h eavy gro wth of lo ng- :111cl 1:- ho rt -lenf pine ,
acco untin g for t li e inclu sion of l~scnmb i:1 :1rnrn1g
the 1G co unti es in th e ou thc·rn pnrt of tl1 r
-tntc frequ entl y referred to as the " pin ey ,,·olHis
-ec tion ." C'ypress ma y be fo und in t he lowland and in the E scambia nncl Co necu h Hi,·n
s,1·arnp arc:1 . tlu ch o[ th e oak th at g rows in
th e county i of n noncomrne rc i,1 ! ,·nrie'ly commonly kno,,·n n " black jack ;" som e, l1<rn·e,·er,
uitable for millin g purpo. r s.
Farm Jund in t he we tern linlf nf t lw c·o1 111 ty
compares f,fforn hl y ,vi th l it e lw::; t c ulti,·ntrd
h111cl in Alnb:1ma nnd th e nor t h cr nlrnl :1rr:1 h:1s
fnir formin g soil. Farms arc ge 1H'rnlly snrnll ,
producing s uc h lendin g crops :1s s ugnr c:1 1H',
corn , millet , potatoes. p en s , s lnl\,·hr ni C'1:- , :rncl
pea che . Cotto n is al-o gr01rn . bul 11 0( to tl1e'
ext.ent that it is in ot her p:ll"ts of th e s tnle .
P anut have become an in cr C':1 sin gl)· irnpnrt:rnt
crop in r ece nt years. LiY cs tock prnd11 d io11 is
limited to sma ll numbers of c:1lt le' nnd hng-s.
.\. of J anunr)· l , I \'. 3.S , t herl' ,,·en· :2 ,ti:2:1 l':Hms
in th e count)'.
F o ur lumber companies ,ire' loc:1l<'d i11 IGsc: 1n1 I ia Cou n ty. Th e brges t of tli csc is :1( l~rt'\\·(011
,111d em pl oys :300 m en in its crt'osol(' pl:111t, hos
factory, an d planin g a nd ,·e1H•e'r mill s; :111otlip1·
compa ny , nl .\. tmore , cmplo)'S :1pp roxi111atc-l.,·
:200 persons. Six oth er ·:l11·mill s :ind ni1H'
turpe ntin e di s t i.lkrie al. o prnc ess !'ore's ( prod uct . Othe r estnhli hm cnt s in clud e' t hree silk
mill . two brick pla11ts, ,m iro11 ,,·ork., :1 ,·:llll!
eornpnny , two ice plants, a millin g :111 d ek,·:itor
compnn. , :rnd :1 fertilizer plnn t. 'J'wp11h·- t,10
nm nu fa c t uring 1-i rm s. empl oy in g 1,48-1 11·orkL' rs ,
11·er in ope r:1t io11 in 193 .S .
Some i11dic-at io 11 of tl1l' 11umhl'r n11d l_l'J)('s or
1,·orkprs in (,hp c-ou11t,_,· who 1111\'e' bt'C' ll 11n c'm plo_ved :incl i11 neC'd of 1rnb lie :1 ,;sis ln11 c- e is fou nd
i11 t l1 e c-01111( o f perso ns C' rtili ed :i s in need of
rdicf 011 ,);i.Jl\ 1,1 1")' 1.S , I n:rn , :llH I in Lhe ("('. ll ,;u s o r
1111emp loyme11 t of NoH'mhe r I 9:37 _ Ae·<·ord ;ng!o t,li r fo rmer , ;1, totnl o f 1,58-5 r mplo_vahlcpcrson s need ed reli ef ; u 11 skill ed In bon'rn ,H'1·01111 ted fo r nc:Hl_v :1 tl1i.nl :ind fnrm l:1 hor(' rs
:1 houl n fourth of t hose 1,·11 0 li:1d work ex perirnc-C' . Tn t he 1037 1111emplo_1·rnent. c·e11s 11 s
:2 ,.5 7~ perso ns (i 11 <' 11 1d i 11 g o:3n \\"PA and ot her
e•mNgr ncy workc' rs ) re'gis tC'l"rd ,1,s tot:1ll y 1111 l'mplo_ved, :rnd I ,f):37 pe'rso11 s rq!;is ll'l"ed as p:1 rtin.Jly 1111 ernpl o_rt'd . l.,ik c tl1 C' i11\·entor.v oJ r rn ployn hie 1wrso11 s i11 ll('('d of rl'lid [ li e ('('JI S l lS o r
1111ernplo)·11w n t report ed rrlnti,·pl_,· lnrge proportion s of ll11 s ki llrd 11·o rk ers nnd farm lnho rers.
or t he' tota ll y llll<'111plo_,·ed !):"50 , or :3 7 pnre11t ,
11·er e Ne·g rne's ns ,1·Ne· 77-1 of l lw parlinlly unrmp lo_vrcl .
Durin g t l, e t\\'o _n-:1rs follo1, in g- t l1 l' i11itiat,io11
of the \YP,\. prog r:1m in A11 g 11s t I n:3.5 t he 1111mhe r of wo r kr rs pro vidccl wit.Ii prnjC'c-t jobs in
IGsenmhi:1 ( 'ounl _v ll uctunt r d bct\\'l't'n :300 :ind
(i00 . Curtailment of ,1<-ti,·i!ies in t he ,;urnmpr
of 19:37 hrnu g hl t he numb er of \\'PA emp loyees
liclo,1· :200 . lJ o\\'c',-er , with t lw exp,rn sion of
t he \\"PA prog ralll to pnwide wo rk fo r fornwrs
in IH'C·d o f e' 11tp lo_v11te' 11l to s11ppll'lllt> 11( thl'ir
f:1 rm i11 comc', prnjl'd r m ploy11w11l in t hl' c·o1uily
i,l("reasl'd r:ipid ly in t hl' s ummer :111d fall of
In:3x lo a 1w:1 k of approxim:1lC'l)' \l f:> tJ 11·orkt>rs.
.\. t t he' encl of ;,l a re li 19:39 , linti pl'rson s ,,·en '
e11 g:1ged in prnj ec·,L ad ivities. l l i. cs t. imnl ecl
(,!rn,t. more t.h,rn t hree times thj s m1rnher of
workers h:n·e !ind \\"PA emplny 11 w11! :ll sonw
t inw d11ri11 g- t l, e p<'riod of \\' P.\. opl'ralio11 s.
Construction
Tlil' \\'P.\. prng- r:1111 in IGsrn111hin ( '011 11 (y . like'
t ill' prog r:1 111 s ("Ollciu c tecl in ot licr ("Olllnl llJli (i('S,
h:i s heC'n drle rm inPd in part hy tl1 e \VO rk proposed h_y lo<' nl public ng-enC'i<.'s and in p:1rt hy
tl1e s kill s :i nd :lh ili t i<'s o f the' ll N'ciY tme 111pl n_n 'd
11ork('rs in Lite <.: ounty. Locnl cil'lll :md s for
!58
REPOlt'I' Ol\ J'HO(:HEl-\1-\ OF T II E \\'I' ,\ l'HO GRAM
hrttl' I' -..;(' <·ondnn· r0:1ds. :1cldition:1I sd1o()I huildings, :i nd impron·d puhli!' lir:litli "·r re rel:1ti,·el_,·
g rc:it. :111d 111:1nu:1l l:ihorers , prin('ip:1lly unskillPd
\\·orkl'l's :1nd form l:ihorrrs , \\·r re num rnu s
:1rnong the rmplo_v:dl le person s on rr li ef f'()ll s.
( 'ons('(!Ut' ntl_v , c·on strndion :1divitirs im·oh-ing
ro:1d s , buildin gs, nnd snnitntion :1nd hrn ltl1
111(':l SUJ'('S kn·e prrdominntcd :llnong \YPo\
opN:1tio11 s in l-i;s!':1111h i:1 County .
Schools and Other Public Buildings
Tli c i11 1pro,·cmcnt of s<'hool f:lc-ilitit's, although
it li:1s rcprrscnted on!~· a ,-mnll sh:1rc of tJ1e ent ire
\\' PA prog rnm in h,sc:1111hi:1 County , h:1s been
one or the mo t signil-ieant ph:1 ,;c,- of \Y P:\
pro_j(•(·t operations in the cot111t_,·. On onr
prnjrc-t a n c" · ,·ocation:1I sch ool ,m s crerted at
l1' lo111:1t o n. As :1 res ult of tl1is project :rnd ot her,;
tliJ'()11 gJ1 whid1 :H lditions \\"Cl'C 111:1d c to four
s<"l1ooll1011 srs, the nonn:11 c:1pncit_y of tl1c schools
in l~sC' :1111hi:1 C'ount_v h:1 , been in c-r :1scd hy 8.'j()
pupil s :1nd <-ro \\·dcd conditions in sr ,·cml build ings l1 :n·r hcrn elimin :1trd .
Th r Fln111:1ton vo<·:1( ion:1I sch oo l i. :1 f-i,·rroom , o.rw-s tor~· . hric- k s tructurr (·ontaini.n g a
food l:1hor:1tor~•. :1 s " ·ing- room , :1 mod el li,·i.n g
rnorn , :1 (·:np rntrv shop , and :1 gencr:1I cl:1 ssrnom . i'\c:1 r tlir sc-l100I buildin g- \\'P"\ \\·orkr rs
errd<'d :1 hl:lck smitli shop in wl1id1 studt'nt s
lc:1rn \\'riding and oth r mct:11 \\'ork . Grounds
11·pn• i1 11 prn ,·(•d I,~· g r:1 ss -; prigg-in g· :rnd pl:rntin g
of shrubs :111d [\\·o :HTCS f adjoinin g lnnd \\·ere
d r ,·cloprd for dcmon stmtion ,rnd rxpr rimentfll
purpOSl' '
TIH· 11(•11· sc hoo l :lt L•'lom:1ton fil ls :1 ,·er:· ret1l
need . .Ko l only li:1 it clin1in,1tcd ove rcro wdin g-. hut it h:1 s a lso rn:id e po siblc t he cxpan ion
or the l1 ig- h-scliool c u rric u turn to incl ud c course
o r p:1rticul:1r interest :111d benefit lo rural tudcnts. Prc ,·iou l)· the hi g h schoo l did not
h ,n·c cq uiprncn t to c:1 rry on voca tion:1 I work and
co uld not obtain stnte fund s for vocational
ecluc,1tion until suitable facilities "·ere nrnilable.
As a dire ct resu lt of the erection or the building
s tate fund "·ere g ranted to th e sc hool, and
nlra tio 11:1 I lc,1ch ers ,ne 11011· cm ployed to conduct cl:1 ssC's in ng rinrlture , li orticulturr. nnimal
l111 h:1 ndr,v , l1 ornemnk in g, cooking, nnd sewing.
The sc hool buildin g se r ve as a re nter for cl ub
work ,ind rrcrc:1tional:1 rti,·itics of rurnl s tudents
nnd is:1Lo usrd by fo rmers and t hcir\\'ivcs \\·ho
n ttend n>r:1 tional classes.
Other \\'PA \\'OJ'k on r hool buildin g in
~~sr:11nbi,1 ( 'o un t!· includes a t\\·o- room add ition to the clcinentary hool at Flomaton, an
addition to the school at Eas t Brewton pro,·idin g ,1 lihr,1 ry , s tudy h:111 , :1nd t\\'O cl:1 srooms , :111d fou r -room brick addit ion s to ' ch ools
:1t D ,1m:1sc·u s and \Y :1 ll:1 re. Th e nc"- cction
of the (' lcmc nt,n)·-srh ool buildin ?; :it Ji'lomnton
incre:1 srs :1c·f·ommod:1t ion s by nbout a third ,
m:1 kin g t lie built! in g sufliricn tl:· l:i rgC' to hou e
:ill t he gr:1d c-scli ool (• n rollcr, (nbout -±00) .
T II E
1' 111,
l :'\
\DDI T l OX TO
ll! Ci ll S ' H OO T,
Ii 1ST llRE \\"TON'
l' ll O\' I llE S LlilRA HY,
C ON FlsH E;,,.'C is, .I KD
(' i,\S S HOOM S
\YP.\ l'HOJ J<XT OPEJL\'l'lOX
ProYi ion of :1dditioni l cl:1 :-s room sp:1cr :1 t
D:1ma scu s :1nd :1 t \\' :1 ll11 cr li as lrd to l:ll'gN
trnc hin g s t:1fl's 11·il11 t li r resu lt tl1:1 t t hese lo ,1·11 s
arr now on t hr s t:1tr ' a rrditrd li s t.
.\n nnnrx lo t hr c·ou rthou sr :1 11d :1 ne,1 city
h:111 wNr co ns lr11C'l rd in Brr,1·to n in i1dd ilion
to the \\'PA ,,·o rk on ed11 c:1tio11:1I buildings in
thal t ,1·11. V:1rio11 s co-unly ofli C'cs- hc:1 lth ,
welfnrc, rduc:1t ion. san itat ion , :rnd :1grieu ltur
,,·hich wr rr former!~· lor:itrd in se,·rrn l
cliff rrnt bu ildin gs are no,1· r fl'<,cti,·dy c·o ncrntr:1ted in the to urlhou se :1nnrx . On r of tl1 r I :'i
ro ms in t hr n ,,. :rn nex c:Ul hr c·o rwl'l'trd into
11 , mall nudilo ri um for mee tin gs :1 11d demon stration s condurtrd by Ynriou. c·n unty organ iz:1 tion, . Clinic s p:1rr for t l1 e lkp:i r trnrnt of
publ ic hrn lth is rorwrni en tly :1rr:1 ngcd , wr llligli ted, nnd ad quatr ly e iuipp r d . :llHI cx:i rnin:1 tion and trratmrnt are gi,·<'ll muC' h mnn'
rfl'ect i,·dy :rnd r:ipidl~- tlrnn ,rn ;- pnss iblr in t hr
former I cat i n .
B r 11·ton 's new cit~· ball . C'os tin g nbout
, 3 1,000, has pcrrnittrd tli e remov:1I o l' l hr tow n 's
oflire from old qua rters iJl-s uifrd to the p111·po ' e. In nddit ion lo offices for lilt' eity counc·il.
mayor , nnd rlr r k , l hr new muniC'ip:il bui ldin ,.,
provide rnom for :1 jnil nnd for t hr eily ',; firc'fi gh t in g and s t r rt equ ipment. The h:1 srnwnt
hn . adrqufltr s p:1cr fo r ton1 1;c' :rnd for :1 com munit>r aud ito ri um o r aclclition :d ofliers.
Airpark and Recreationa l Facilities
.\ mile and :1 h,111' from Brr,1 lon :111 " airp:1rk ''
proj ct hn rr. ull rd in th e drq•Jopllll'lll of :111
airport in co nrwcl ion with rerrr :1tion:1 I g rnurHI ,- .
Sue ll a prnjrct drn' iopment may hr approvrd
\\·hrn ufhcicnt.ly jus tifi ed b_v ur111 s unl C' ir(·un1 . tan er . Th r pn r k :1 t Brr,,·ton l ir s hrt\1·rr11
~l onlgomrr~· :rnd :.l ohile and sc' n ·r . :is :1 rcfu r lin g ground for light pl:rne .
Brcwton's .1 ir p:1 rk is on thr silr of :rn old
lnndin g fie ld . IJ,111din g s lr ips. lot.din g 5,000
frrt in lrngt h , h:n·r hrrn ,1·id e11 r d . :1 combination hnn gur and <· lubhou sr hn s hr n rrrelrd.
nnd a ninc-ho lr golf eoursr h:1,- brc' n built on n
00-nnr plot. T IH' lot:il ('OSl of lhr :1irp:1rk
amounted to $2:3 ,000 of 1,·hiC' h ll1 r s l,1 tr ('0111 mi, ion fi nd t,lt r r· il,r of Brr wton , :i s s pon :-ors,
ontribul cd .'(),000. Th r nircrnft l1 :1 ng:1r , rn:ide
nf brick \\·ith strcl tru s r s. is l.1rge c' IHlll gh for
rx
RELE ' TED .\ 1{1£ ,\ ,
(' .\l<l ' l•:/\T H Y
S I IO l'
I '\ ' I' ll~: \\' P.\ -llll lLT
VOC' ,l ' l' I ON .\L SC JJ OO I,
l•' LUM .\ 'l' O '\
fou r pl:rnrs. nnd t he' .1djoining cluhho11 sr of t"·o
s tories hns n hou l -1 ,.)00 sq unrc frrt of floor s p:lte.
On t llc.' firs t floor of tl1 c clubh ousr, wl1 id1 is u:=;ccl
exte nsi,·ely by tl1 e C' it ize ns of 13rewton as n
commu ni t)' l uild i11 g, tl1 crc are :1 gr1H'r:1 I rcncatinn ,rn d rendi ng room , a l:idirs' loun gr, a
kit chr n , a nd locke r nloms. Tlic sc'c·ond floor
ha s one 1:ngc rnu111 s uit:1bl e for ,·,1rird enlNt:1inmrnl. Pinc pnnrlin g :ind apprn pri :1tr fi xtures
:rnd furnishin gs c·o 11 t rihut r to LIH' :iltf':ldi,·rnrss of t he duh l1 ou sc .
Athl<'li c fi r lcl s on t hr higli -sc hool g round ,- :1t
Atrn orr and Flo111:1lo11 h:1Ye been built tl1rou gh
t he opcr:1 t ion of \\' PA projects s ponson'd hy th e
eou nt_v brnnd of t'dt1C',1lion . From fi,<' :ine:=; of
grou nd 1rnrl i:1lly <·on' rrd with s t1m1ps . trrrs,
and brush . :rnd C'lll by n11mernu s srn:ill g1illic's,
t l1 e Flnrn:1 ton :1 l lil d ic fie ld \\·:1 s de·, t' lop<'d . The,
-
II I'\ \I OH Kl'H ~ Bl 11.IH:,r; BHE l\'TO'\'~ '\I( \\ C I TY JI ILi
60
REPORT OJ\" PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PROC.:RA M
\\·o rk performed on the project inrluclecl cle:11·i_ng , grnd ing- , clrnining, and , odding- of the hrnd.
~ Y .\ proj!'cl ,,·o rkers cons tructed :1 gn111lLl:rnd
and fcnc d the ent ire :ire:1 . .\ t .\ lmore, in
ndd iti on lo t h e lcHlin g, dra inin g, ocld in g. :rncl
fencin g required on th e tliree-nne nth let ic field,
the ,,·ork tll\·ol YCd the erect ion , on eith er sid e
of t he field, of g r:md s t:rnd s " ·hi C"h h:1,·e :1 tot:11
se:1 ti n g c:ipncity of noo. A srn:111 brick buildin g
,,·it h h, o dre ing- room s for plnyers was also
built. ln sln ll at ion of ,1 lig h ting s:·slem by t h e
town of Atmore makes it possible lo u, e th e
field at ni g ht. Gener:1 1 commun i t:· :1ctiYities
,1s ,,·ell :1 , athletic contests ,rnd gymna sium
cbsses a r e h eld on both the Atmore and Flomaton field s.
Extension of Water and Sewer Mains
Pri or to 1935 certa in part s of Bre\\·tnn \\·ere
not rearh rd h:· th e tmrn's \\·ater di st rib ution
s:·s tem . Thi s romlition occas ioned the initiation of :1 \\"P.\ project th rom:d1 which about
fin, miles of w:1 trr mains 1n•rr l:1 id . Tlw extensi011 of th e \\"ll trr sy s tem nol on l:· prm·ided
fac ili t ies for aclclit iornll consumers. hut also
m :1de poss ible the placement of I Ii fire h:·clrants
so t lwt fire protection h as hern extend ed to all
proprrt:· within t h e corpor:1 tr Ii mi t,; of Bre wton .
Hrrrnt in s tallation of 1.700 fl'd of S(' \\· er li nes
h:1 s pennittrd Bre1do11 's di sposal s:·s tem to
-;e n ·e nn nddition:11 .50 homes.
Sanitation and Publi c Health
.\ st:1 te-\\·ide cnmpnig-n in .\ lab:1ma ha. h en
din•c-tecl tmrnnl s th e in s t:111:ition of san il:11y
pri,·ie. nl h om es not renched hy sr\\·er lines.
Thr p rim ,u-:· purpose of t hi ~ progT:1m is to
combat hook\\·orm. trnn srnilt(•cl from infrctecl
so il t hr011 g-l1 har(' feet to thr l1urnnn s:·s tem .
Thr .\ lalrnma , t:lte Bonrd of ll t•:1lth rC'po r tC'd
that for sr,·C'n rou nties, i11dudi11 g l~,-..<":lm hi:l . the
i11c-id rnre of hook\\·m·m amon g- sc-honl child rC'n
in 102!) w:1 ,-. fi0 percent nr more . B:· (':lrl:· 103!:J.
howC'ver, t he ratr of inciclrnre in l<:sc:11nhia
Count:· l1 ad bee n reclu cc•d from rn pr rc·('nt to 39
perrr nt , according to a surYry cond11rtrd by
the E sca mbia Cou nty Hrnlth D <'p:1rtment.
T lw \YP.\ h as contributed m11t erinlly to thi
drc·l i1 H' t h roug h th C' co nstruction of fi72 san itnr:'
pri ,·ies c·on fo rmi nr to the sp C'cifi ca t ion o f th e
s late hoard of hC'nlth . Cpon appnn-al b)· t he
propN he:ilth nuthorities, sni1 itni')· pri,"ies can
be plncrcl 011 t]l(' propert:· of nn:· p erson \\·h o
prm·ides th e ne cessaiy mal<'ri:1l s.
OtlH' r major liralth rnra sure in E scn mbia
County in ch1d l' tlH' rlimin:1tion of con d ition
enu , in g malaria and typhu . fevr r. , in c(' the
clim atl' nnd topograph:· of t h e cou nty proY icle
:1 f,n·or:i hle ('11Yironm e11t for the nrnl aria-bearin g mosqu ito . llH' \ YP.\ ha conductC'd proj ec t
furth e rin g st :1t l' and count)· rffor ts to rliminate
mosqu it M s b:· dr:iining infl'Sl<'cl pond , and
wamps. This ,,·ork has pron' cl Y<' r:· C' ff('cti,e
in rrd u cin g mnbri n in th !' fl l"l'll thnt havr been
cowr ed . ln1 <'n' frns ible. clit ch rs haw he en
prrrnanrntl>· lin l'd ,,·itl1 eoncrdr or nprap .
SomC' 7-L 000 i'Prt of ne" · clit c hr . li:1w been
constrncted :111d thr 37.000 fc>r t of olcl ditche
h:wr hc·r•n improwd . T lw prn ct icr of ocld in g
unlin l'd d itch('S \\·ith :1 la:· (•r of B r rmucl a gra s,
giYin g t l1 <'m somC' prrmnn r nc:• at a mnch
smaller <'XP(' ll S<' th:111 riprnpping invo!Ye ha
been follo\\·ed sinc e 193 .
Highways, Roads , and Streets
From thr standpoint of fund rxpe nd r rl and
emp loyrnen t r r ra ted. the most important t>' pe
of \YP.\ nrt iYit:· in ]~sra mhia C'o unt_,, ha been
t he " ·o rk donr in ronnect ion ,,-it h t he dc>Y lopmrn t of hig-lnrn:·s. ronds . nnd trc>rts . ~ early
.·470 ,000 of t hr .f\G:~.000 rxpr nckcl on al l \YPA
<·onstn)('tion projects from t he initiation of the
prog ram in .\ u~ust rn:35 t h roug h :. far c h 1939
TABLE Jfl. - EXP EX DJTC"RE <s OF F ED}~ HAL AXD i--PON·
fi'Lrx n;-; ox \YP .-\ . nPER 1TEu Cox ,;Tn u TION
;-;o n ,;'
PROJECTS , ll) T n>E,-; OF P RilHX'l' K
CC\ll I \Tl\"E TIIRl>l"GII :,.1 \RC'!! :ll, l9;:J9
'J'ype nf Prn~ert
Total
Type of Project
.-\mount
'.::fiH:1.~19
\m ount
I
lli!!hway~. roods, and
'-tree1~ and
fn('llit1es
relute,J
-1n. . . nofl
Recreation al hC'11ities.
inrludin !? g r nn<l•
on :- rhool
stn nds
Public· lnnldin gs
5~. l(i9
g-round s
Sewer sy:-.tem s
Educational
.\dmin istrnti\e
37. fi...,l
Ii. 192
\\"ate r 1li s trib~1tion
systems
3, 296
Sanitntion nnd health
Impro ,-emeo t o f
ground s
.\ irports
"' Count y datn esti ma ted from s tate totals .
13. 943
I. 043
l'l. T'iG
22 . ._ 3
A ~~-
50()
bl
W PA PROJECT OPERATlONS l l\ SELE 'TEO ARE .\ S
,Yas . p nt for road huilding and irnprnY('lllC'nt.
I uring th at p0riod \rP.\.. workers built or
improved 910 mile of econdar :v road; th ey
al o laid bitumin u urfacing on onC' and a hn!J
miles o f sta te high"·a:v and built th 0 bc1 se
preparatory to urfacing an a ddition al three
miles. A lm s t fo ur miles of s treets 11·er c prwed
through \i\-PA proj ect work, an d a ppro:rnnately
fom miles of id ew:l lks laid. In colln ect ion
wit h th e road and s treet 11·ork in th 0 co un ty
65 brid ges (m o tly wooden ) wer e h11ilt , 607
cul vert install ed , and extcnsiYe drninn g r nnd
h ould er ,,·ork compl eted.
B ecau e of t h e m ark ed in ad equac? of t l1 e
county roads in m eeting th e n eed s of tJ1 e rur:1 1
popu lation, th e \YPA h a con centrated its
activ itie in Escambia County on this secondm-y
road work . \Yi th ou t an y plann ed pattern , t h
ounty road s h ad developed over a p riod of
year from th e crud e wagon ro ads tlrnt had b n
u eel wh en tirn ber wa s cut :me! Janel cleared fo r
fa.rm . Tl 1e ro ad s wer e often crooked and
indire t, avoiding g ulli es and s wam ps and
cro sing hill wh er e elevations wer e Jo ,,·est and
creeks wb er e fo rd in g was slwllo\\·est and s:1Jcs t.
tr eams that cou ld not be fo rd ed ,vere spa nned
by wooden bridges which \\·er e not tr e:1 tecl to
prevent rot or bt,il t to \\7.th tancl high wnter.
EYen wh er e roads h ad been improYecl som 11·h at t he h e:w:v rainfall on easi]~, ernded soil
till dogged drainage ditches and ca us<'d
wa h ou ts on ro ad su rfa ces.
T hrough V11 PA road projects Jll:lll~- oJ th e
county roads h a ,·e been traighten r d , 11·id n ed,
graded , granled, an l proYided " ·i tli better
lrainage . C'on sicl e rablc grubb ing nn cl clc11ri11 g
wa req11irecl in widen ing the s urfaces. Th
heaYy rainfall of th e region n ecessi t.1 ted the
construction of la rge cuh-rrts. Rninfoll also
was a factor influencin g t h e const ruction oJ
bridges ince th e neosoted timber brid grs th at
haYe been buil t by th e Y,PA h nYe been made
to with ta ncl th e high " ·ater of flood easons.
Bridge J thi kin d elimin ate th e inconYrnic'llC' P
and h azard s of l'o rcl s and the cos tl? upkrep oJ
tlw ol l ty p r wooden bridge .
When th e \\' PA program was initi n trd , srYeral f th e s tr eets in Brewton and En s t Brl'wlon
were unpa ved and n on e of t h e s treets in sid l' th e
of F lomato n wr r0 hnrdcorporate limi t
' urfo eel
fn .\ tm or r, \\·h ere only a fpw of thr
1rp1
F'IH:lf -'l' (). '\I.IHKE ' I'
l!O\IJ
\\()1{1,
[ ,\
J-: ,s('. \\lllll
CoL·;s:·1•y ('O:\'TR \ST 1rn·111· 1, tc\ 11· p 1- l{l(lll· tL I' . \ :\' I) l ':,_l.
DI l ' l{()\' lc l) RO Ill s 'IE \H \T\ l (ll{I•: 1TOl 'J. :\'le i\ ' l'JIHl•: E S ] ' I \ ('O:\'(' JH: Tr: llHllll:I•: 0\ l•' I{ 111!1 s ll Y CH ts gK :\' I•: \R
.IT .\10 l{E (C E:STEH 1 <ll{llll'\li I 1-'1'1•: 1>1, R RO\ll '\"IR
f. l.ll\l \TO\ 1 l lll I TO\I
62
REPORT
N PROGRESS OF T H E W PA PROGRAM
mos t importnnt ;,, trert$. lrnd ('Oll('f'ete sidewalks,
t h e r 1ti 1.<'!lS pelitioned t he lllcl)' O r to spo nsor a
side\rn!k pro.it'd so t l, at. among ot h rr tliin g ,
the)' mig-1,t li ,lYe rity mail cleliYrry . Thro ug h
work o n Yn ri ous road and s t rert proj erts the
11' PA l1 11d pnYrd Hl,.'i30 linrnr frrt of r it)s tn,rts ,111d l,1id npprox irn atei)' fou r milt'. of
id ewnlks in ltscurnhia Cou n ty b)' th e end of
11 HJ'(' h Hl30.
Professional and Service Work
•\l tho11 s h most of the nonco ns truction projerts in E s<"amhia Count)· h :ffC' operntrd in
A tmore nnd Bre\don , tl, eir hendits ban • extended to persons t h roughout the county.
Only the recreation and ad ult Nlu C"ation pro_jrrts
ma)· he said to he le. s than C"o un ty-wid e in
cnpe. At t he en d of :-[arc h 10:39, prnr tirall)·
nil workers engaged on tho. e projrr ts \\'er e
wom en.
Sewing Rooms
In orcl r r to suppl:- g:1rrnrnt s for nredy families in E srn mbi n C'011nt_\- two ,rP.A srwing
r oo ms h:-n·(• hr rn op r n trd . Th r sr\\-in g room
proj r cts, onr in Bn•\\· ton nnd t l, r ot hrr in
Atmorr , h nvr proYidrcl n lnrgr s lrnrr of t ill' job
for \\"0111('11 \\' PA workrrc in tl w rount:-; apprnximnt r l)· .50 \\"Olll('n 11·rre nt \\'Ork on cC'wing
projrct. dmin g the' s pring months of 1030.
Total rxprnd itures on th e projects thr011..,h
Lnrch 1030 nm01mtrd to , '69,--100 .
Th e prod11rts of thr cC'\\·in g room s th at \\'rre
madr prior to .\ pril ]!):rn inrlud r d 16,700 garmpnts for children, 13,675 for wom en, 6, 50
T ABLE
2 0 . - N(l\lBER
OF'
P E R fSO'.'ff
\\. PA - OPERATED PROJECT S,
AND
BY
E~IPLOYED
0:--'
BY TYPE S OF' P RO JECTS
SEX
F.SC .\. \!RI\ r01·st1, \ L ABA \I\
~
r , Rr11
2'.?, 1939
Ty pP nf ['rnjN't
·1 o<a l
rrotal
~II\!
I-
Highw ays, roads, and streets
48;
~f en
\\·omrn
f>l l
168
----4g;
Puhlit li ulidin gs, in<:l udin g impro\"C•men t of
izrounds
Sllnitation and hra lth
Ed uration
Booknwnding
Jl ou ~C'keeping: aide
$('wing
72
103
;
____ _
Distrihution of surnlus commodities
57
26
54
3
49
103
:2:/
23
;
57
26
54
l
for nwn, and morr than . ,000 each of in fant '
11·e:1r nnd arl ir l<'s ot h r t h :1 11 r lot l,in g . •"\.pproximntdy JOfl ,000 )-,1nls of doth \\'t' re u eel in
nrnking these p roduct , \1·hic h havr ber n distribut<·d b:v th r \\·elfa r e wo rkrr to fomilies
un nhk to purcli,1 se uflici(•nt clot hin g. The
w f' lfnr(' 1rnrk c· r cons tantly :tch·isrs t lt c proj ect
st1pr rYisor o f t he ag , sizes, and clo thing r cquirrmrnt. of member of th r n erdy families
and, 11·IH'n' ronYrnient, t hr prnsprcti,· r ec1p1ents nm)· br r,ilkd to t hr se\\'ing room for
meas urements a nd fitting .
Housekeeping Aide and Nursing Projects
\\"PA lt ou ekrep in g aid r project a rc imilar
to se \\'in g roo m proj e ts in t l, at wo men are
assig nrd to t l, e work and al ] person ben efiting
from the prnjl'ct work a r per on in need of
relid . \Y or kers on this prnjcct nre t ra in e I and
nss ig-nl'd to p rrfo rm a n riety of ho usehold
duties for nl'ed:· fnmili e 111 which illn e s or
ot h er cond ition;,, h a,-e mad,. th e usua l h omemaker tempor:1 ril:· un:1ble to prrform the
n orm nl house hold ta k s . T o qunlify for a sig nm r nt to t lti s \\'PA pr ject n wo man must
h,ffr had home makin g experien ce a nd mu st
pa ss the plt_Ysir:11 exa min ation giw n by the
cou 11t _Y l1 en lth o(J-i crr . Ench 1\-orker is gi,-en a
two-11·rrk tra inin g cou rse whiclt i supplemented
one dn,Y each week b)· ndditional demonstrations and in s truction . , ubjects in which the
workers rcceiYc training include h ome budgetin g-, diet. food Ya! ues, ca re of t he ick, prenatal
and pos tnatal cn re, nnd general li ou ekeeping
duties.
Families needin g h ousekeep in g aid com e to
the atte ntio n of t he co un ty clep:1rtmen t of
puh lir \\-elfa re throu gh i ts contact wi th recip ients of pub li c a i tance. The \1·elfnre department cooperates witl1 the p roject uper\'1SOI' in out linin g hou seh old problem s nnd
indicatin g thr duties to he performed in the
home . _\ n aid e may be nssigned for a rnnximum
period of one month; if afte r thnt time further
nssis tnn r e is nec·essnry a new 11·orke r may be
assig ned. Alth ou gh at th e end of :-L1rch 1939
t he project had been operat in g only ix month ,
approxim ately 1 ,000 ,·isits had been m a d e by
t h e a id es to 130 fam ilie . _\ n nYerairt' of ,1bo ut
20 women h ave been engaged i.n this work .
\YI'.\ PI W J E(" I' Ol'E: l{ .\T I O:-:
Th \\' PA . C' ni rC' projects und C' rtnkcn in tliC'
r<Hllll_\" 11 lso in clud ed ;i project to g iYc nursin g
:,id in co nn C'rtio n 11·ith immuni z11t ion, :1g:1i11 s t
rontngiou s di sC'asC's. Durin g t l1 C' I .'5 month s
tlrnt t he projC'd w:1s opcrntcd 1,0 17 immu11i z:1tio11 s Wt' rc g i ,·en.
Education and Recreat ion Programs
Tlw diflicultic l'ncou ntered in 11ttc ndin g
choo l because of th f' demand of farm duties
and, until recent ycnrs , tl1 e in :1ccess ihilit_1· of
ch L lin,·e hnmpered m:111~· rurnl r('sid t' nt.-;
in an1 ilin g t hem , eln's of educ-at ionnl opportu111t1 , . 1YP.\ c-l:1 sscs in 11 dult edt1(':1l ion
con:-C'quently haYe fill ed a " ry dcfinitL' ll f'l'li
in l~·c:1111hin Co un ty. (Adult eme rge ncy ('( lt1 c11tion 11·ns tr:1 11 ferred from t he Jf l~ l-{A lo t he
\\' P.\ in 19;3,j_ ) .\ \\' P.\ project 11·as initin led
in 8 camh ia 'o unt~· in Decem l)(' r l ~l:3:> a nd
ub, cquc nt ly bet11·een 139 a nd :3.J7 men nnd
women haYe bee 11 en roll ed in co urses of t hi s
kind .
C ln . sc. ha Ye heC' n de,·oted t1i lit C' r,H·_y . nw:1tio11,1 l duciltion , :rnd genera l :1du lt educ·:1t ion.
The xtent of the program and it s s<·opc li:1Ye
Yilried directly wit h th e numbe r :1 11tl qu;ilifi(' :7 tion . of th e nYni ln hi e te11c hcrs o n t hC' re lid
ro ll . ] n ~larch 10:rn there 11·cre seYc n \\' J>A
employee teach in g citi zen ship to 70 person s ,
Yorationa l ubjcc ts to (i:2 , and gcnc r:il C'du('a[ion
. uhjccts to 1:21 . Any per o n in t he ('Ount_v
is (•hgililc- to a ttl'11<I t hesC' C'ci U(',1 tion c-l:i ssL'" ,
1d1i<'h :u·c us un lly hr ld 011('(' :l 11·(•Pk 111 priYatl'
I :\ S8LE CTE I) .\ll8A ,
dl'pnrt11H•11 t of C'cit1 <':ltion and t l1 <' c·ospo11 sorsl1ip
of l hf' C<ll1nt _\. hoard of C'du a tion. .\ -; uc.cc•l'd in g projL'c-l c·011ti1111c•s th e booknH'nclin g ac ti, itil's of t l1is prnj('('l. 13y the ('lld of :. larch rn:rn,
I 3 .2.J(i hooks n 11d :i,7 I .i dC' ks a 11d ot hC' r pil' C<'s
of s(' li oo l furnitu1T h:id l)('cn rcco11 ditio1w d .
Hooks fo r mc• 1Hli11 g haY hf' n hrn11 ght frnm
t li SC' hoo ls t hn ,ughout the c·ounl_l' to the
proj('('[ hC':1clqu:1 rl c•rs :ll Brewton in ,H·(·ord,u1<·('
" ·ith :1 sd1cdu lf' pn•p,nC'd b~· thr count_,· ho:ll'd
of C'du c:1 tion . Thi s in s ures unintcrl'llplcd \n>rk ,
wit l1 :1 min im um o f hooks out of use. E:1C'li
mployf'l' is rC' pon s ihle for SJ)f'('ifiC'
projcc-t
plia sc•s of th rl'p:iir work. A hook needin g
l'Olll pld f' rcncffn t ion is firs t thorou ;d ily dC':1 11t•d
,1 nd it:=; torn p:1gf's mended witl1 tr:111 sp;1n•11l
t:11)('. If t he bindin g is broken , :1 pi cc·C' of rn:1l Pri:1 l is s tit ch r d nlo ng t he h11 ck to l1 o ld t l1 C' p,1 gl's
sC:' c·u rC'. Som(' of t he' hook a rc l'C'C'OYC'rcd \1-it h
doth hi11di11g wl1i('h i:=; then leth' rcd. ,\ ftcr t iH'
finn l prn<·t'SS of s l1 l' ii:il'ki11 g th e coyer, ,1 book i~ in
good us:ihlc' c·n nd itin n.
0
hOlll('S .
\YP..\ rC'ne:ltion :1ct iYit ies h:n-<' l)('f'll (·on -
ductC'cl int c rmitlC'nll _Y in Bre1do11 , .\ tmon• , :rnd
th com munity of ( 1:1noc . \Yor kf' rs num l)('rin g
up lo 20 h:1Ye prn,·idcd leaders hip in soc i:11
l'C'Crf'nt ion . mu sic·, ('rnft . softhn ll . lC'nn is, :incl
baskC'tb:1 11 fo r a numbe r of partitip:111ts ran g ing
from -iOO to ncnr ly :UJOO p C'r mo nth . For rc<' rPntion ar 11 s , puhli(' school grnund s h:lYl'
grncr:dl~· been u-; c'd .
Book and Desk Renovation
In ,func 1937, tl1 c \\' PA init intcd i11 l~sc·nmhia
'ounty a unit of t hr stat('-11·id c• projC'cl for
renoY:1tion of lihr:ll'y and school hooks il lHI
, rhool dC'slc under thC' spon sors hi p of the . tatC'
l) H 11 :-: .\1 :E l)J ' l' ( ' II FOR :\f.\ L I HI I l ' l >YIHOL
]ll l<.: s(':1111hi,1 , :i s in oth er c·o 11nti C's in .\ l:1h:1rn ,1. frcc ll' xt hook:=; arc furni s hC'd to lh C'
rl1ildn' n in lhC' firs t t lll'C'C' gr:idc's of thf' puhli ('
schoo ls. Jk(',lll SC' in rC'C('llt yc•:lf's it has hc' l' n
llf'<•css:irv to prnvidC' hooks fo r :111 incr C' nsin g
nurnhC'r of s tudent s, t he hook-rPp:1ir \l·ork li :1 s
hC'l' ll of pnrliC'ul,n importm1 cc. Th C' work al so
li:1 ~ prm·C'n "f'il s uitC'd to th r <'mplo!· mcn t of
\\·onH' n . 011 :.l :1rd1 23 , 19: 9, n lot:11 of .i7
64
REPORT O)." PROGRE
\\·om en, 5;3 of " ·horn \\·ere un sk illrd workrrs,
were cngi1µ:c cl in ,1ctiYil ir on Lh e bo k-rcp,1i.r
proj t.
Th e new and improved focilitics and t he
cer...-iccs proYidcd throu gh th e oprrntinn of
\\"PA projects in E carnbia Coun ty arc rnjo~·ed
hy th e co unty 's entir e population . AltLou glt
the ex ten sion of wa ter and sewer lin es and t he
edu rat iou and recreation programs ha ...-e het' n
con e ntratecl in the larger town s th e impron'rn rnt of roads h a been general throu ghout tli r
co unty and oth r pha cs of th e \YPA program
hn...-e operated for t he brnetit of persons li ...-i ng
in both urb an and rural areas. For the rural
r esid ents the roa l work h as m ea nt greater
arce sibilit,y of m arkets, sh opp in g cen ters. a nd
cho ls; more regular mail leli ...-cr~·: more adequate medical c-ar e at lower rat es; and wicler
opportunities for recreation. Person s residing
F THE WP A PR GRAM
in tow11s have aLo benefited from the road
improYrmenls t hro ugh the re ulling s timulation
to trade; new ly p11Yed s treets have eliminated
muc-b of the inrmwenience cn u eel by mud and
du . t; nnd ade tuate culvert. for th e r emoval of
storm waters lmve r educe I th e losses an mg
from flood ed streets and ba em en t .
In makin,,, the man~· contr ibution to the
soc ial and econom ic welfare of the county the
\YPA ha. nccornplish ed it complementary objec-tive of providing r rnployrn e n t oppor tunitie
to need~· un emplo~Ted persons. Th e prosecution of the proj ect \\'Ork has supplied jobs not
on l_v to m n ny of the county's unemployed workers hut a lso to low-income farmers. During the
pNiod of nearly three and three-q uart r s year
l'rorn th e heginni11 g of op eration s in 19: 5 to tbe
end of .:-. Jar eb 1939 , m or e tlrnn 2,000 differ ent
prrsons, almost a ll of th em with families, hiwe
found a tcrnpora r:' liYelihood in their employment on \YPA proj ects.
PORTSMOUTH, OHIO
Locntrd in th r so uth cen tra l part of Ohio at
th e junction of the Oltio and S ioto Ri,-crs,
Portsmouth is protected on thr south and \\·est
by flood walls. Behind th ese fl ood dcl'en se :1 re
carried n th e commerce an d produ c tiYe aetiYit:· f a medium-sized urban center that par ti C'ipntes in th e manufacture and agr i ulturc of
tli e Middle \\" est. Portsmouth se1Yes ns th
trading nnd bi pp i11g crnter of the surroundin g
ar ea nncl obtain it indu strial life from the s teel,
shoe , railroad, and muller cliversiJiecl e talilisltments that are located within th e city and
its em·iron s.
The land on which Portsmouth stands " ·n
hid out in lots by :\lnjor IJ enry :\ra sir, n
, · irgin inn who en.me to l he N orth,,·est T erritory
in 1797. P ort. mouth wa incorporated n,s n
tow11 in 181-± and six yen.rs later had :iOO
inhabitants. The present iL:v accou nts for
hnH th residents of Scioto ('ounty, of wl1if'li
P ortsmouth is the county scat. Not indudr<l
in its 1930 population of 42 ,.jG0 persons :Hr
t,hc res idents of N'e"· Boston (:l nrnni('ipalit~- of
6, 000 inl1:1hitnnt,s that lirs witl1i11 Portsmout h),
th e resid n Lia! di s trict a .r os t he Scioto River,
nnd ot her su burhan ar ea that are part of
' 'Gr enter P or t. mouth."
Durin g t.lie years followin g the introduction
of the s team boat and th e completion in 1 3_
ol' the Ohio Canal (ex tending from 'le,-elancl
to Portsm outh ), P ortsm ou th played an actiYe
rn lr in handling the river and cann l traffic.
T lte shipment of local products and trn.nsh iJ mrnt of produ e brought to Portsmouth made
the cit:' an important link in th e Ohio and
1\ I ississ ippi " ·n te rway tr affic of cen tral Ohio
during tl1 r pre-rai lroad era.
Portsmouth 's first r ailroad, \\·hich later bec-:une pnrt of the Bnltimore a nd Ohio y stem,
('o nnec tccl the city wit,h lin es rnnning throu,)1
ll amde n, Ohi o, oon after 1850. ~"- t the present
ti mr tl1c city is ser ved b.v the Iorfolk and
'iYestern , t.lrn Chesapeake and Ohio, and the
Baltimore and Ohio ra ilroa ls. :.\Io t imp ortant
of these to P or tsm o uth is the Norfolk and
'i\"estcrn road \\·hose main line nms from Iorfo lk , \ ' irginia, t its Port mout h j un cti n from
,,·hich lin e turn nor th to Columbu s and " ·e t
WP.\ l'ROJ EC' I' OPER .\ ' I J 0;\'R I :-; SELECTED .\HE. \
to inri1111:1ti . Th r rcp:tir sl1 nps n.nd l' rr ig- h l
_rn rds of t his rn:td , 11·hid1 olitni ns mu<'h of its
traflic from the \\·r s t \' irg-inin roalf irlds , s11pp l_y
Portsn ,out h 11·it h one of its mnjor indu st ries.
Since its ear l)· days Portsmouth hn s been a
manuforturin g toll'n. th e res u lt, of its ach-antageous locn tio n on t he Ohio Ri Ycr :\ 1HI its ens)·
accc to t he 11 at 11r:il re ou r rcs of t he s111Tou 11< l,\ rnon g- t be r csourres t li :1t liaYe
ing area.
1 la)·etl a signifirnnt rol e in t he d eYe loprne11!
of the cit)· arc ron l, iron ore , limcstonr , s!J ndtone , fire rla)' , a nd timber. 1n t he c:nly da)'s
muc h of the loc,1 II)· prncl urccl pig iron 11 ,1s
hipped 11·ithout m:1nufoc-turr thi s ll'a S p:lrticularly tru e of t he period before t he buildin gof an iron bar an d nail m ill . Por tsm outh 's first
tee! plnnt ll'as ro nstrurted in L 72 nnd sin ce
t.bat time iron nnd stee l production lrns prrclorn in ntcd among t he indu stri c::- of th e commun ity . J n mm :1 ste"l pl:tnt wns built in
:X ,1· Bosto n , which hns emp loyed n 11u1jorit:·
of the ar ea 's factor: · ,1·orkers durin g t he recc11 t
decade . Th e hoc incl ust1y of Portsmout h hn s
like,1·i c been irn port ant to t he comm unit:··
.\bnufacture of shoes ,1·a beg un in t hr cit)· ns
early as I 86\:l a nd is noll' c:nriccl o n by t hre(
firm ll' hi c h se ll :1 vn ri cty of s l1 ors in the 11:1 tionnl
market. O t her loc:1' ind us tries produce p,n-in g
and wn ll brick : s hoe hsts . hee ls, :rnd lnCl's;
paper boxl'S ; st,m ·cs; cement; ,rnrl sto ne
products .
The extent of unrmplo:·mcnt th:1t l1 :1s preYailed in Portsrnoutli d11ri11g recent Yl'nrs nlllst
-
TTIE 1\1:J, FLOOD
IX PORT :- \IOllTJJ
he ex plnincd in terms of t,he inclu st.ri,1' life' of
thr nren in 11 lii C' h t he city is loc,ttNI. Curt:1il1·d
m,rnufncturin g- :ictiYitics, p:nticularl)' in thP
stee l :rnd brir k ind us tries, h,we c11 usccl a relati,·c l)· hig h deg ree of unemploym ent in the cit)·.
At t he time ol t h e n11tional uncmp lo)·nH'nt
ce ns us of i\'on' rnber l !'l:37, ::i, :5 :'j person s (inclu d in g 7Ml rm rgc nC)' workers ) n'gistcred ns
A Jarg-c pro1 ortion oJ t lH•sc
unemplo)·ccl.
pcrsn ns h:id been skilled and semi. killrd
11·orkcrs; m:1 n)· had hcrn common la bon'rs ,
clerks , or dome::;tic sc1T:111ts, and a f II' !i nd hC'en
proprietors or m:1nagcrs of bu sinesses.
Th e projcd 11c-tiYities of the 'I \ I'.\ in Portsmout h nrc clis t in e ti,·c of th e ci ty in tl:at tliP
\1·ork proYid ed fo r t l1 r llill'mp loyed lrn s gi1·1· 11
sp cc i:il stress to fl ood d rfcn sc work a nd to
t he l'l'p11ir of cl11rnagc afte r th e flood s nf rn:rn
a nd J\:l37. The ll l'<'d fo r s uc h projects wa s o, il:v
too l• ,·id c•nt. The· ,1cco unt of ,YPA und('l't:1kings t hat fo ll crn·s is not. hmn·n'r, li mit1·d lo
flood cl den sl' n nd rdi a bilit.1 tion act iYiti!'S si 11c·1·
in t he' opernt ion of ,Y P~\ projects from l!J:~:'i
to l \:1:3\:l :1 Y:1 ri1•d progrn m of work Ii.is IH·rn
rnncluctl'd . Thrnugl1 t his progr::im Ports111outh
11011· (• nj oys t li l' adnrn tn g<'. of 111 o rl' acleq 11:1 tc·
fl ood ddrn ses, im proved road s 1111d st n ·ds,
l'Pll OYatl·d public buildin gs. 1·xtl'ndl'd s1•11·1•r
:rnd 1rnter S)'StP ms, and hl'ttl'r par k :ind n'c·reation:11 foe iliti l's. Th r accomp lis linwnt s on
1d1it(, c·ollnr, good s , and ot lH' r no11C·on stn 1dion
proj ects suppl)· ,1cldition:1l ll!'ndit s to tl1 P
CO Il l Ill I 111 ib·.
66
WPA
REPORT ON PHOGHES,
FLOOD
DEFENSE
WORK
IN
OF THE WP,\. PROGRAJ\I
PORTSMOUTH,
OHIO
Through March 31 , 1939
P""'l>l"I Station
CD,w;rete co re llood wall con1trvc ted by WPA
Flood Control and Sanitation
Project d esignetl for (kfensc 11gains t fl oods,
for th e rchnbili tation of (\oocl-danrn ged facilitie and property, and for the assistance of
f:lood- trick cn famili es ha,-e been 011t tanding
among \YPA opemtion in Portsrn011th because
the loc11 tion of the cit)· at the jun ct io11 of the
Ohio 1rnd , cioto Rin•r makes it partic11larly
s11sce ptible to flood s. Th e . it e on " ·l1i c h the
cit)· h a deYt'loped n•st•rn hle a h11si11 that is
expo l'd on th e south to t hl' Ohio RiY cr and on
th e west to tlH• Scioto RiYer ; th is may be seen
in tlw accornp,rn ying map. Th e ground slopes
up fr0m tli c rin•rs to fo rm a ort of tnhle lnnd
on whic h most of th l' city is built. I !ills rise
tee ply nnd irn·g11brly from tlw tn hie Lind on
the north 1111d east sid es of the cit)·.
Prior to the const ru ct ion of flood defenses
Portsmout h " ·as su bj ected to floods in two out
of en'ry three )·ettrs. The sout l111·estern part
of the city in " ·hi ch most of the business section i loca tecl lies at an eleYn tion of from ,520
to -5:30 re t.. Since the low-,rnter rinr cleYation is 470 feet, a -50-foot rise in the water level
brings 11·n tcr to the edge of the city on both the
Ohio and ~cioto ides. .\. t the ,5;j-foot tage
•
P"mplr,1 1taUon1 oon1lnu;ted by WPA
f:j
PUfflplr,1 •t..llo"s Im-eel by WPA
•
W•t••· • o"'- etrv~ .... CO<IIINCled by WPII,
[I
W1ter - -oriYI 1trvctM,.... .--a1n,cted by WPA
approximatclr one-third , a nd at the 65-foot
st age over t11·0-truT<ls, of the city i below the
\\·:1,ter lcYcl.
Because l'xperi encc had s limrn t hat th e river
se ld om ro e more than 62 feet from the lowwater mark th e earlier floo l clel"en e of Port mouth prm· iclecl protection up to that height.
This prot ection " ·as supplied by a concrete wall
along the Ohio Ri,·er, about 3 mile ' long , nnd
railroad embankment which e1Ted a ]eYee
east,rn rd from th e wall a long tbe Ohi o RiYer
and nortll\rnrcl a long th e !-,cioto RiY er . The
firs t sec tion of th e con cr ete ,rnll " ·a const,ru cted
in 100S and ea t"·arcl additi ons were built in
10m a nd 1020. A a furt her protccti,re mea ure fi Ye pumpin g tations "·ere er ected to expel
se,n1 gc when th e " ·ater rose t,o a heigh t that
preYentecl the normal flow of sc11·1lgc in to the
riYCr.
The city experien eel no major calamity
until 10:37 alt hough f-loocl frequently brought
th e crest of ,rnter near to th e top of the flood
,rnll. In HJ:3:3 and again in Hl:36, 11·hcn other
c-i t ics alo ng th e Ohio R i,· r " ·ere inundated,
Portsmouth wa onl:v lig htly clnnrngc cl. H o,,CYe r, the leYce on th e Scioto RiYer ~ide, part
of it a lnrgc cinder and furnace slag fill , allowed
W PA PROJ E 'T OPER.\ T I ON
exc s iYe scc p,lge during high water a nd freq u n t ly lrnd to he bols t r ed with :rn d hag
when th e ri ve r roe to fl ood , t,1g c . Furtl1 ermor e, th e , ew age pump ing equipm e n t , wh ic h
b a d t be op era ted 24 h o urs n cl ay wh .n t he
river r ea ch ed th e tiO-foot lev e l, wn s o bsolete
and a.lm o t, worn ou t.
Th e l . ;37 noo cl p r o-ved to be o ne of Ll1e w()rs t
in t h e c ity 's h is t01y. A t it s g r eat es t he ig h t
th e ri in g wa te r \\·as 12 fee t ,ll loYc t he top of
th e 62-fo ot fl ood ,m il. ·" m a jo r par t of t h r
city wa coYer ecl a n d t h e !l oocl wn ll :rnd lcnes
w er e d :m rn g ed . Th e high- a nd l0\1-- lu ty ,rnter
pumpin g t at ion s " ·er e di a bled a n d drin k in g
\Yater fro m :J s torage r e erToir h a d to be rntion ed I y clrn11·in g from t he r eseIToir fo r only
a few m inut es each cl ay .
WPA Flood Defense Work
Aft e r th e 1936 fl ood , t,h e ci ty beg nn t o r econ tru c t and ex t end its fl ood defen ses- wor k th a t
wa co nduc ted m ore in ten sively ubseq uc nt, to
th e di a s tr ous 193 7 exp erien ce . T hrou g h t,he
op er a t.ion of WP A proj ec ts, th e fl ood w a ll w:1 s
rebuil t and ext e nd ed , th e lev ees s tre ng th e ned
with c n cr c te cor e wa lls, t h e waler sy t ern protect ed ,1g,1 ins t fl ood disa blem e n t , and t he se w,1 g e
p u mpin g ' Y tern recon s tru c t ed to :1 ss11re :u lequate expul io n of sew age dmin g flo od peri od s .
In th e 193 7 il ood a lar ge ec tioll o f t he levee
al n g t be Ohio RiYer at th e eas te rn e nd of t h e
flo d ,rnll wn' wa sh ed a 11·ay . T h e levee w a s a n
earthfill emb ,rn krn en t that in earli er :ve11rs h:1cl
be n ' llbj ec t to execs iYe leak:1 ge a. ncl con sequ en t fo il m e a. t high wa ter. T h e wo r kers em ployed 0 11 fl ood d e.fen e proj ect s 0x lt' 11 d ecl t l1e
con cr ete wn ll ,1 dis t a nce of 80 fe e t to r0p lac0 Che
demolisl1 ccl pnrt of t h e len.e and nrn tl e t h e ad join in g sc ·ti o n oi Jene, abou t 1,000 feet in
leng th , impcr viou to leakn g e by t h P co ns lrn etion of ,l eo ncre tc cor e w a ll.
T h e necessi ty o f d eep exc ,irn lio n in to t he
l v
in bu ildin g th e cor e \\·,1II 11·:1 s r li rn in :1ted
by clJ-iYin g t he r ein fo r ced co 11CTc te p il es (a bout
500 i.n numhc r ) t hrough t,Ji e e11rth fi ll i11 to fi,·e
feet of o li cl g ro uJ1d . Projed \\·ork ('r s prd:i brica ted th e pile. , each 24 fee t lo ng , 1vitl1 int er ! eking joint o as to fo rm nn unbroke n s true tur e over th e entire len g th . A co 11 c- re t e 11·,il l
\I' ll
bu ilt O Y cr th e c-o re , p r c n ' ntin g c ro,- ion ,i t
I N ' ELE CTED .\REA
67
th e top of th e kv('<' nnd raisi ng h)· seY ml feet
t h e le ,·el at wh i('l1 prot ection is a fford ed.
On th e , cioto Ri YCr id e, th e cinder and lag
embankme n t i s ub jec t to p :n-tic uhr expos ure
beca use of i ts p roximit y to th e jun c t ion of th e
l\rn ri ver s. T h e poro us 11 css of th r nrnte ria l of
which th e fi11 i. com posed n! lo wcd . er pag e• d ur in g hi gh -wn ter pe riod s, fn r beyo nd th e cn p:ici ty
of th e ci ty pump ing eq uipm e n t . 1n or der to
r edu ce s uch Jen lrn g e co nrrct e pile sim il nr to
th ose ernplo)7 ed in s tr eng tb cn i ng t he O bio Riv er
cm hankm en t w er u eel . ·" man )' : 700 prefa bricated concr e te piJ . " ·e re d riven into th e
Jeyee in m aking a core wa ll Urn t is 11pprnxim ately 1,000 fee t lo ng. Th e pile v aiy from
c
to 3 feet in len g th d ep e nd ing 0 11 th e d ep th
of th e fill. Dur ing t lw l 030 fl ood s tage no
a pprecia ble lcnk :1 g c wn s obse n-ed throu g h t his
cc tion of th e levce. Th e ci ty 11·:i s furt li er prot ected from fl ood 11·:1t e rs o n tl1 e Scio to Riv er
side by th e co n ·tru c tio n a long th e emb a n k m e nt
of a con cr e te 11·1l ll n bou t -! fee t in heig h t a nd
extendi ng ups t renm a pproximat e ly 4 ,.500 feet
fr om t b e n or th encl of t h e cor e ,val!. Thi s
s tructure mises t he maximum l('Yel at w hic h
p ro tection i pro-vicl ed and preve n ts th e erosion
t ha t wa s form e rl y nHIS l' d by th C' overfl o w o f
th e riYer.
The ace um u!:1t io n of sc\\·,1 g c d ur i11 g th e 193 7
a nd earlier fl ood s fa r exceed ed t he c,1paci t)' of
th e city· s o b olct e pum ping eq uipm en t.
eep:1ge th ro ug h th e leYee , run -o ff of m in w :1ter
from th e s urro undin g highlnnd , :rnd nor mal
sew ag e colJectecl so m i idly th 11t, e,· cn " ·i th th e
a id of fire d c partm nt ,l11d r:1ilroad pumpin g
a ppara tu s , th e city equipm ent w:1 in ra pn l,le
of r em oving th e ncc 11mul:1tio n . Proj ec ts b eg un
in Aug us t l 037 r es ult ed in th e con s t r uc tion of
fi ve n ew e ll' ng e p umprng tn tion . on t r u n k
sew er lin e , t he re nonition of t 11·0 old s tntion ,
,rnd d em o li tion of t he ot her t hree.
Tc"· c lee t ricn Jl)· cl riYen pumJL. 11·i t h n totn l pumpin g
capaci t!· of l OG, 000 µ;:ii Ion s p er minut e, 11·rre
in s t a Jl ed and nil n c<·('ssary co 1m r d io11 , 11·er e
lll ,Hlc . Th e s b1tio ns a rr <·on s trndcd of h ri ck
on ('onc r c t e fo urnlnt io ns wi th th e excep t ion o f
t h W asl1ing- ton S t rc'c t S t ,ition 11·hi ch is 111 1Hle
of c·on n-ctc . On e nc' II' . tat ion 11·ns a lso b uilt,
and on e rep nin,d in N r ll' Bo,, ton .
Un li ke tb c o ld s t c:1m -dri H 11 p umps , th nt had
h ec n p] :wPd di red ly i11 [ li p c-<'ll'(' r lines ::nd 11 er e
110\\· r<'pla<·('s thr old hig h-clut.v s tntion . ,Ynter
!':tll hr pumprd from t he fi ltrr tanks to the
n'sen·oir, from ll'hich it i forced by grnvit.Y
into llir tily m:1in1:,. A sr<· tion wa nddrd to
thr low-dul.v s t:ition locatrd on th r bank of
t hr Ohio Ri ve r so that it <"ou ld oprratc at a
flood ._ t;1 gr of 90 fret :1 lrvr l I (i feet hi g her t han
th<' I !l:{7 flood :rnd l O feet hig-li l'r t hall t h po, sihll' 111 :1ximum flood :l~ estimated by :irm)·
{'llµ: ll l<\(' I'~.
111< : ll - l>I I Y Pl \11'1'.'..<: ST 1 '110'.'.., fl! IL T TO F l '.\('T IO:\'
IT FLOO]l LEI FL:S \fl 1' 11111 <: IIFH Tll.1'.'.. T IIU 8E
H" .lf ' IIFI > I '.'.. f'l:!7
(ljl('r:1 ted ::!-I ho11r:s :1 d:1y dur,n g flood 1w riods,
t he 11e,1· pl1rnps (I \Wrn lt' di s<·o 11tirn1ous ly for
period 1:, of I ii o r ::!O minutes :ll :1 time. This
is mnde possible b~- the undergTolnHI <·ornTete
n'::-e1Toirs th:1 t were (·o nst n1dC'd :1 t l'ou r ol' the
11e11· s t:1 tion~ to hold sew:1ge "hen I lw regu lar
011tlcts nre !'losed. The pumps s t:1rl op<'rating
:i u tomn ti(':1lly when the rese rn1irs :1 re filled to
:1 s pe(' ified point, e:qwlling tlte se 11·:1g<' into th e
ri Yer throu g h :1 by-pn ss outll't under the surfnee of the w:1ter. The n'sen·oirs have a
s lornge cap:i(' i[y of :ihout (i00 ,000 g:il lon s :rnd
t he nc\\· pumps :l!'e c:1p:1 hle o f empt~·in g them
i:n less than se ,·rn minut rs.
\\"P..\ project:;; rnHkrtn k<'ll i11 <·mrnedion
with a third p h:,s<' of the flood def<'ll S<' progrnm
arr dcsignrd to protect the eity 's w:ll(' r s upply
up to a (lo()(\ level of HO fe t. A new co ncrete
, tornge rcsrrvoir, ,rn tl'l't igh t to the 90-foot lc,·el,
21. - ExPEXDITCHF s OF F EDE ILIL 1 · p !-il'oX\\ P .\ . ( )p ;,; n \ 'I ED c,,:--sTRUl 'TION
OX
FllX D"
r' n.o.JECTS, HI T, PJ~s OF ·1,Jl() .lf<~t · r:--
T A BLE
,;om;'
PoH Ts\lul'T11. 0111ci \
:\I \ RI 11 '.<l, Hl;j!j
C'L \111 \ T l\ Jo~ TJIH0\1,11
•r ype or ProjecL
Total
Type of ProJl'Ct
Amount
s,·sll' III S
~t•w1•r
oth1•r 11iilt111·s
-~
nnd
8trt•l'ts nml nllt:ys B _
~1•w,•r :--~sl1•111s
!'ulthc· huildmf!.s c __ _
\\ :111•r '.'> llJIJII~ sys-
~('hcmls C .
n'c- 1
Park s and oth1•r
n•a1 ional faC'i\ 11 ies
Flood c:ontro l __
'Jt1V. 17h
fi,;-..., 1v..i
11·111:--
Telephone :md
:!71. ""HI
2!1.1, li:H
Otlwr
.\ mouut
lt•lt'Cfilph
(!1•111"r:d
2a-.... fiOO
Iii:~. bUO
( '
lll t'Il !
3. '"''
1- --
llood n·ilahili- - - I JO, 000
t:it ion D
t ' Ill{' l 1• r y
i111pro,·e•
_
i, 670
A J>atn relate only to those projeC'ls I hat "pre oprrnted 111 Portsmouth
Jlropn
n l nf'lud111e l'Oll"lnH·tion of sidt'\\a lk s 111d en•t·tton of .._,n.•1•1 .-..wns.
<' l 111•l111les exJ1t->nil1111n•~ ,1( ~11.71111 for t'IIH.'fl!t'lll'Y n•,1cir:1t11111 11( sc·h4}(J)
lu11ld11ll! s :1fter thl--' Pi:{;- flornl.
n Estim:1TP1l.
l ◄' rnm .\ 11g-l1st 1n:rn lo .\ 11g11 s t H)3 nn ,1 ,·Nag
of -100 \\"P.\ 1,·o rkrrs 11·f' rr empl o_vrd n the
flood dcfcn sr projects cx(' \usi1·e of the waterwork s job. Peak rmployment of 600 men \\'l1S
l'l':1<' hrd ju s t prior to the flood in ,Janun ry 1937.
The total cost of the \\'Ork, in cluding Port rno11l\1's Sl' \\':lgr-purnping :;; t:itions but excluding ll1 e wntrnrnrks, \\'a s $-J.G-l- ,000. (Tahir 21.)
The firs t trs t of thr flood defcn , e faC'1li tir
An in :;; pcetion b~- (' ity
C,lllH' in Fl'hru:1r.Y l 9:39.
ofli!'i:il s nt t h r tirnr 11·he11 t h r \\':ltcr reached the
:i::!-foot st:1gr sh o11·NI that there \\'a no sre page
in t Ii <' le,·rrs 11·herr the <·on cTrte piling hnd bren
dri\'l'n : t hr pumping s tation s 11·rre di pojng of
the ~<' 11·:1gr :is l'n :;; t as it :1e·c·umu lntrd in tbe
s tor:1 gc rrservo irs; and thr rrp:, ired 1va ll wns
ho ld ing up in n sn.tis f:ido ry mnnn e r. At t he
~.1rnr flood s t:1 gc in earli r r ~·e:ll'S , n large cit?
forC'e \\'ould ha,·r hren laboring night :rncl da.~prote<"ting t lw le\'l'rs, trying to prennt _er page
through t he r:1 rth l'mbm1kments, nncl building
rnmp~ to highe r Ie,·rls "'ith snnd bags and
timlwr . .\ notlwr <orr\\· 11·<Hild haYe been on
duly 2-l hours :1 da)· to kl'l']) the tcnrn-drinn
1:, r11·:1ge pumps in Of cm tion. Dcspi tc thi
lnbor. C'Osting thr ('tty from $20,000 to ,'25, 000 ,
somr \\':ltcr wou ld have r nt red and fellr of
g r:1n' r troub le wou ld h:we dl'V loped . \11 1939
t lH' C'it_v 11·ns dry .mi\ b11 ~i11 rss C'011t inu ed with011[ int<'l'l'Uption s.
Emergency Flood Work
\\' h(' ll Porl smou th \\',l s flooded in l 9:rn nncl
:1g:1i11 i11 19:37. nlmost the entire forcr of \\" PA
11·orker:;; nssis lrcl in carrying out the cme rgr ncy
protectio11 me:1 s urr ' t hat 1,·rrr nccess:1 r v :1t t he
lirne and Jnt r r hr lprd in rehn hilitatin g t.hr d nrn:1 ged pu hlic l':1(·ilitirs. In I 9:30, :1pproxi m:1 tel~·
I ..iOO prrsnn s " ·rre ernployrd for tc11 dny, : nnd
in JH:r, . 11·l1<'n flood 1rnters rose 12 frrt hig her
\\'P .\ PRO.JECT OPEH .\TIOX · I X SE LE CTED .\ltEA
t han t h d frn sr " ·nll. ;1ho11t 2,000 \\'P.\ 11·o rkC'rs 11·r rr r ng nl;rd i 11 rrnrrgrn('y 1nll'k fo r t" o ;1 nd
n h:1lf 11·<'rk s.
\\"P.\ r m p loyer ' g-aYC' nssis tn rH·e du rin g- tlr<'
em rgr ncir s in cn1cu:1tin g f:1111i li r s from thrir
born . n nd m oYin g t h C'm to hig hr r g ro und , ro nstnr t ed tr mpo rnr~· sh elt C'rs for fl oo d rcfugrrs ,
fillC'cl . nndb:1 g s :ind piled t h e m 0 11 wr:1 k r nin g
le,·rr. , bo ls t r red [ill s nt ro achl- n~· o pr nin g s :rnd
wenk s po ts in t h e rl ood wn ll , protrctrcl un[ini h eel \YPA pro j ect 1vork b~, fas te ning down
lumbrr nncl ot h er m ateria ls. bu il t r r sc ue boat s ,
11ncl co n t r uctecl anitar~' toilets for 11 s c whrn th
ewer sy tC'm ceased o peratin g . i\' o m r n r m ployed o n \\'PA projects a s is tcd in frcdin g and
a rin g for refugees who w er ho used temporn ril y
in sch oo ls . c hurc hes . prirnt r ho m e , publi
building , nnd lrn s tily- built h e lt rrs.
Reconstruction after the 1937 Flood
\\'h e n t h e 1937 flo od 1m t e n:; rccr d r d , n ft r r
h aving cover ed a major part o f P o rt s mou Lh fo r
nb u t two w eek s , mud and fl ood d c hri li Ucrcd
the city. Practically a ll \ YPA 1vo r kcr in t h r
c mmunity wer e e ngaged in clea ning nnd rr toring the city to :1 n o rmal c:o nditi o n . On e o f th r
to remo,·e d c bri , fr om t Ir e
fir t ta s ks wa
tree ts- :1 continuo us process as lo ng :i s ho m es
nnd bu ildings 11·er c bein g clea ned o ut. Sc hoo ls
and oth e r pub lic buildings \\"Cl'E' c lr :111 ed , furni ture put in pla ce, and n eces ary r epa irs m:1cl r so
that normal fun ct ion co uld be res umed . \\' Pc\
workers also re paired d a m aged s trcrl s, s idc'walk , c urbs, g utt er s . and s e11·er :i ncl 11·:1tr r
mam s . E mpl oyment on r eh nbi litati o n pro jrct s.
whic h totn led 2 ..500 perso ns wlr e n t h e wo rk
ta rted in F c brumy a nd wa s g rncl ua ll y r ed ueed
un til th e wo rk wa complet ed in .Ju 11 r, :1 verngrd
about 1,000 11·o r kcr. o ,·er t h e [i1·e- 111 0 11th period .
work n r :1rl.1· 011 r and a lr:1lf rnill io11 d o ll :1r,- oi
F0d (' r:1l :rnd cit., · 1'1111d s lr:1d bee n s pe11t by t li e
e nd of ~ l nrC'h 10:39. ~om e f Lh c s trrl'ts, tir e
origin ,11 s urfoC'in g of w hi c h w:1. no t d rs ig 11 ed
for present-day t.rn fli c, were in n se riou s s t·:1t e
of di s rep:1ir be!orc they wr re furl.her danrn g rd
l y fl ood waters. ~ J:111 ,r of t h e s t reet s url':1crs
t lra t we re cove red 1ViLl1 brick laid on :1 s:rnd
bn s gave way 1V l1 e 11 ex pos ed to h e:1 vy trn rli c.
l n th e o utlyin g d is tri rt s the rond s we re eith er
g raYel-coa.ted o r els e quite un impr ov ed with
11 a. 1Tow brid g es a nd i11ad equ:1te dr:1 111 ,1g e .
\\'PA workers h a vc fo ced m:1in t h ornu g l, farc a nd i mpo r t an L seco nd :u.v s Lree t 11·it lr
co ncrete. p:1Yed oth e r s treet with reclaimed
and a l n:1ged m nte ri:1ls , a nd co ns t r ucted s id e1rnlks, c urbs, a. ncl g ut ters . Th e cxpe 11 s e of
torin g a nd relo :1clin g safraged brick, co 11 cr et e,
a nd s to n e t:1ken fr o m t h e mam s t r eets lr :i s
fr equently been sn vecl by timin g the mmor
s t r eet projects so t hat t h e s a.l1·:1ged nrn.tcri,1I
co uld b e u eel directly o n th e m. Such ma te rial provide n. good bed fo r I utL1re h a rd s urf:i ein g, nncl also m a d e p oss ible in P o r t . mou t h t h e improvement of :dley s \\'Or k wlric l1
the cit:· oth e rn-is e co uld no t h:wc finan ced .
~Jnn y ex amplrs o f \ \'PA trcct improvemrnt s
migl, t be cit ed . Th e Sc io t o Trnil ( t h r o nl:·
nortl, ern o utl et from t h e city ) whic h nr11 s
through t h e h w inrss sect ion was wid ened. s urfaced 1vith co nc rete , a nd eq uipped with 11 r 11·
s idcwnlks, c mbs, a nd g utter s. On Fifth St r 0l't
:1 se tion of r o ug l1 brick s urface 11·a s r em o Ycd
a nd n co n crete s urface laid. At t he same time
t he s treet wn s 11·id e ned rr nd l'urni s lr r d 11·itlr
O th er Construction
Stre ets an d Sidewalks
The J' ('('l/ lTCll t fl ood dnmag·(' Sll rrrrrd h,1
PorL mouLl1 lrn s 111 eaut tl111 t :1 1·(' IT co 11 s idc' rable portio n o f t h e \\'PA projcct.s ·in t ir e (' it .1
have bee n d cYo t.ed to r ep la ·ernent or n ' h1il iili b1tion of t h e n u-iou kind of' public fn (' ilitiPs.
On t h e irnproYern r nt of ~t ree t · nnd n'l11ted
2111~77 ° 4 0 - - G
ll U ILT .I S.\ l' IH T 0 1<' T Ii ie fl.( l<l l) l >E ~' E:--:s rc l' H()(1 1{ \ .\I ,
HO .\ l) SS L (' J I \ ST III S \111. 1, l' HO \Jl >lc ~ I E \ NS( H ' lc::'l' \1 ' 1•
S Ii<>! LI JT II~: ~ I \ I I\ HOlll S II " 1•' 1. 00 l lis l > l <l \l '\
70
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E WP..\ PROW'l.\M
c urbs and g utter . A one-half 111ilr co ncrrtr
rx trn ion of 17th Strrrt no" · r nn hlr workers
rmplo_vrd at the riY er-front mill. nnd h ops to
nvo id thr do\vntown bu sin ess sec tion in rrncbin g (h eir plnces of employm en t. Second Str eet
CL . , . Higlnrn.)' .52, lending to C in cinnati) i
bring wid ened to .-o fret from thr Scioto Rinr
to C hillicoth e St r eet nncl p:wed \vith concr ete .
Thi work, wh en completed , will gTrntl:· ease
thr f!O \\" of the Port mouth-Cineinnati traffi c
and pro \·id e more direc t acce s by truck to th e
wnreh ouse, alon g the Ohio RiYcr .
On e proj ec t in the r esid ential sect ion i,wolYccl
the improYement of a n::uTow but much-u sed
s treet that was virtu nlly irnpn ssa ble in wet
wen ther. Thi s s tree t , whi ch led to the hi gh
sch ool , was wid ened an I s trn ig h tc ned , paved
\\·ith co ncrete slnbs, and s upplied \\-ith c urbs
and drain s. \Y PA workers co,wcrt ccl :-la bcrt
Road , form erly an old ston e nnd dirt stree t
th at becnrnc h azardou s in rainy weath er , into
an all-weat her highway by hard -s urfacin g it ,
la ying g utt ers of alrngrd brick , and buildin g
cntch basin s. Am ng oth er streets in the outly in g sec tion , Sch er e r H ollo\\" H o:1d , Thornn s
A ve nu e, -r-. 1dldale Ron cl , and Dn ni els Dri vr
wer e im pro vcd .
.A ltoge ther nbout (i 12 miles of s treet s had been
hard-s urfnced and slightly mo re th:111 26 mile
of paYem ent had been improved t hrou gh t he
operation of \YPA projects by t he encl of :-lnrch
193!-l. l n addition, li,.J1tl:· o,·cr 2 mile of
park roads h ad been p:w ed n nd -l-0 miles reconditio ned . R elated co nstruction complet ed
h:· th e \Y P,\ in the city include, :2-1-.200 feet of
sid ewalks. :i\1, :iOO fret of curbs . s:UlOO fret of
.\ I L"N lCll'.\L U .\RAOE F'UH ST RE:E ' I ~; \ll "JJ •:I IENT
g utt r rs, 2,-'j(l() frl'l of con cr ete marking strip ,
and 30,000 n \\" s tree t wn .
Public Buildings
Fol"C'rd a. \\"NC' ot her ci ties to conserve fund s
durin g th e depression , Po rtsm ou tli kept th
const ru ction a ncl improYemen t of public buildin g at a minimum from 1930 throu 0 h 1935.
iYh rn fl oods durin g 1936 and 1937 damage I
mnny of th e public buildin g- of the city it
became impernt i\·e to unde r take a large rehabilitation prog ram at once. City app li cation
fo r iY PA projects iin·oh-i:n g the erection and
reno \·a tion of public buildin gs were approved
and a ub tant ia l amount of work of t his type
was in i tinted th rou gh the WP A program. By
th e end of 1la rch 1939 , about '.5 70,000 in
Federal and cit:· fund had been expended on
"\YPA public bui ld in gs project . Among the
major n ew buildin gs con trn cted in Port mouth
through \YPA p roj ec ts are a m emo rial h a ll , a
ga rage for th e cit)·'s tree t-maint enancr equipm ent, a cit:· ,\·a te1works sen-ice bui.ldin g, an
addition to the high -school buildin g at Sciotovill c, nml the s tndium at Labo lcl Field.
Becau se resid en ts of Portsmouth had long
been wit hout an adequate hall fo r civic and
rrcrra tional ga th Nin gs, the ci ty in l 036 sponsored n project fo r a nm\· municipal h a ll . The
--11 ,000 l1 all thnt ha s been constructed is a onestor:· buildin g, h:wing a large auditorium that
is equ ipped \\·it h a stage aml removable eat .
In the basement ar e a gnme room , kitchen ,
s torn gr rooms, and a heating plant. U e of
th e building is in such dem:rnd thnt i t is open
dail)· with a fu ll -t ime c:1rr taker in ch arge.
A n ew bric-k alld concrete bui ldin g was cons trn c ted for storn gr of equ ipment nnd mat erial
u eel by the city watenrn rks department. Co t
\\·ns kept low thrnu gh extrnsi\·c use of salvaged
mat erials. Tl1r bri ck nml s tructurnl steel used
in tl1 e strn ct ure we re sah·a,.,rd from th r drmoli hr d city wntr rwmks plant. Lumber nnd millwork \\·ere ,-imil:lrl_\· obtained . New material
\\·er e limit ed for th e most part to cement and
sand necdrll for the concrete floor , electrical
fi.'s:ture s, and windm\· glass.
On th r , c- iot<ffill c hig h-sc hoo l grom1d "\Y PA
workers clrrnol i h C'cl an old c-hool building,
whi ch had hern usrcl to r liev e oYen-ro wclin g
WPA PROJE 'l' OPER.\.TION
even th o ug h it h a d been ro nd crn n cd 11. 11 ns nl'c
b.v th e state d cp artm r nt o l' r d11 C'atio n . 1n pl11< '<'
J' er ecting an oth er stru C'tur e apHt from t lH'
main hig h- ch ool bui ldirw, a two-s to r.Y add iti n containing eight r oom s wn s built o n to tltt'
ma in b11 ilding. Th e ne w sec tion will a<·c·o1111110dA te 150 pupils . The worker on th e pro,i r'd
al o in ta ll ed th e plum bino-, h eating, and ek('tri c1d " ·ork.
Pr j ects h ave a lso b een op erated for tlw r en ov11tion of many of th e publi c buildings in th e
u ch work , in c luding both gcn ern l im i ty .
p r ovem ents and r ep air of l111nagc ra used hy
floods , h as b een done on the cli oo ls, til e firr
station , the armory, tl1 e municipnl h ospit:il ,
the memoria l h a ll , the co ur t h o u c, th e puhli('
librar y, and other public building . located 1n
th e ci ty.
Ear ly in th e WPA program it was pl ann ed to
reno,-ate each of th e city' 19 sch ool bu il ding-s .
Thi work wa well under way wh en t h e 19:r ,
flood caused h eavy dam age to n ine of t lw
chool . ·w ater fi ll ed tlic b a em cn t s ,rncl rosr
fr m l to 11 feet a b ove th e gr o und fl oor . .\ n
em ergen cy pro j ec t was inn11 ccli:1tr ly appnwed
for th e r eh a bilitation of h eatiJ1 g ysterns, plumbing fixtures, elec tric wiring , brick work , fl oor -.
bJackb ards , window , s t ep s ,rncl w ,1 lk, an d
playgrounds. After t his job wa cornplctt'd , th<'
prior impro ,Tem en t program w qs contin ued.
WPA workers r em oved ol l plumbing and li en ting eq uipmen t and in stall ed n ew p l11l nbi ng fixtures and h eating ystem s . Th e~, built <·11hin et ,and s b e!Yes in home econ omic room ,:; , ('lit ll<' 11
door and \1-m do" · , an d laid til e lloors. \Yind ow sash es an d panes wer e rcf-ittrd and reset.
Old brick driYe1rnys and worn st n c sid c11·,dk s
and concr et e tep were torn o u t arnl rcpln ct' d
with new materials .
Portsmo u t h 's fo m fire station s bad het•11
built to house th e old type h orsc-dn11rn Jin,
equ ipment. Th e tation . we re hea tcd h~- g :1 ,;
or coal stoves, in terior we r e un f-in is hcd , dryin g
towers for h ose and equipm en t for repai r ,1·ork
were larkin g, nncl second (loor. were li ttk l>c' tt <' r
th a n loft . Tluo u g b v\'PA proj ect 11·ork tht'
city now h a s four modern ffre tatio ns ad equ ,itt'
fo r it n e d . R epair sh ops h ave been in s tnll cd,
t wcr provided for tl1 r dr~·in g of hos r , :1ddit ional r oom h ave been huilt , and s te:rn1 l1 eat
in talle l.
IN
71
E LE TED .\.REA
.\ lllll <· h n r edc,d rr noYn(ion job II ns prrfom1 <'d
:it t lH' 11n111i<'ipnl ho. i,itnl , 11 iti <' h is la q..('<' <' no11 g lt
to se rTe J 7F, in -patient s. WP.\ ope ration ,;
in clud ed 0Yerh:111lin g t h e p lum bin g ,ind bC'ntin g
,;y s t r rn s, r e building t h C' ll'Hll and roof, a nd
n 'JH1inting th woodwork .
Water and Sewer Systems and
Other Utilities
\\'PA publie utility projects in Port.rnout h
hn1·e not been limit ed t o t he ewer and ,rnter
sy s tem undertakin gs described in connection
with t he ('ity ' flood dcfen e prog ram . Throu g h
\\' PA p r oject operations a number of w,1trr
lllain s haYe been extended to pro,,idc :1 s u fli (' ien t . upply of w, ter in uncl erser viced arr:1 ,;
n nd to rea (' h t h e ne,1·er outlying section s of t h <•
<· ity . Some 12 ,000 feet of pipe h nve hN' ll
ins tal led , nc11· co ns unwr connections nrnd e, fin'
l1 yd r n nt rc<'onditioned , an d drinking fountain s
put in . Thi h us improved , e1TiC'e and :1ffordrd
g reuter fire protc<'tion in both t h e bu sin ess :ind
res id ential s ection s of th e city . Other p roje ct
operation s in volv ed th e in s tall at ion o f 1n1tC'r
meters in Portsmouth and Ne,1· Bos ton. Tl1 e
meters \\·er r placed in fro s tproof , nonC'orrod in g ,
connctc boxes a long t h e curbs, with ('OpJ)Pr
1,·ire <·o nncetions to pre,·ent ru s ting . , 'inc·c t he
in s ta ll ation of t h e ne\\· boxes thcrr h a s he0n no
in s ta 1wc of m ete rs freezing- a diffi('u l t_v t l1:1t
preYiou sly h ad cos t t h e ci ty approxirn,1te ly
!fi:3, 000 a year.
~ewe r con s tru c tion \\·ork on
projcC't s
h:1 s been directed to 11·:-1,rds rrmedyin g a sit ua t,ion res ulting from th e lack of pl:rnnin g- i11 lo<':1 tio11 of th e o lder e11·crs and irorn the d c tcriorntcd condition ol man~· of the old lin e.. l 11:1 dcquat c draina g e after h euyy nun s 11:i s
(Ypicnl in som e s ct.ion s and in oth ers ope n
"<'11·r rs con . ti t utcd ,l hc,1lth mena ce. BriC'k
s:1h·:1g cd from r e p:ii r ed s treet s h,1s heen 11lili zC'd
e:den siYely in th e . e11·er C'o ns tnr c tion 11·o r k .
\l os t of t h e se\\·ers we rr built entirely of ll1i s
nrntcri:11 :ind th C' fc 11· c·o rHTc t r se 11·0r::; t.h:1 t 1, <'r<'
l:1icl h:i n bee n linrd with b rick . In ndditio11
to ( hr ('Oll s tnw t ion o f -JS ., 00 fc r t o r S(' l\ (' J'
1i11('S :llld i1npr01 (' ilH'l l t of 1.i:,. 000 fC'C't , :mt)
(':t (c·h h:1sin s :111d 111 n11 li n ll'e- h:1 1· hce n h 11 il t o r
in1pnn l'<I.
Th e l11 rgrs t single -;c' 11 <' 1' joh 11:1 s that of
,vPA
72
REPORT ON PROC:RESS OF T H E WPA PROC:RAM
ro, ·r rrn g thr L:1w:,;o n Run o prn sr,,·N n11d reclniniin g th e :1rr:1 t h roug h wl1ich i t ra11 . This
se wrr- fo rm r rl y :, :~,000-foot open ditch bo rdNcd by :1 dump g-rou11d w:1 s thr sou r ce o f :1
nwj ority of t h e typh oid c:1 scs in th e C' ity. Th e
ope n neck lw s hcr 11 repl:tC'rd by a eovNrd sc,,·r r
lin e O\'C I' ,1 h ouL hrn -t hinl s of its lrngth , a11d
the rPm a indN to the po in t \\·h er e iL e mpti rs
into tli c Ohio Hi n• r l ,n b rrn ripra pp cd with
s,1 h',1 ged co nc rctr t.o prc ,·r nt, rrnsion . Th r
old dump , whicl, co lllp riscd nn area of a ppro xim nLcl)' four :1c rcs. ,,·:1 s g radrd after t hr sc ,,·f'I'
t r cnC'h wa ' back fill ed and is to be co nverted
i11to a p:nk and phyg round . ln s t:1lbtion of
the sewer line ma.d e possible t he exten sion o f
road s n.nd sidcwnlks so tk1t , upo n co mple t io n
of t l1 e proj ect, trucks :rnd other h ravy ve hicl es
wi ll be a ble to pass t h rou gh th e city with out
entering thr bu si11rss rct,ion . T l, is projret
li :1 s done mu ch to reviv e t h r section of t h e c ity
i n whic h t he improve m ents were made .
Rch ahilit:1. tion of city po licr tclephonr lin es
was unde r taken o n a project s ta.rt r d in NoYrmhcr 1\):35. Cpon co mp lrt ion of th ,rnrk in
i\farel 1 l\);3G, :?10 ,000 fret of c irc uit h ad bee n
n ~novatrcl and 148 policr eaU hoxrs pa int cl .
'\York has :d so h en clon e on swi te h b a. rel in
e ity bui ldin g a nd wirrs for t he po lice and fire
a lann :-,:ys trm . lia Yc hrr n la id undrrg ro und .
Pa rks and Playgrounds
L,i. hold l1' ir l<l in P(lr!s m outh i on e of t h e
fines t park d rn' lo pm e nt s in t he s tll.te. I t i th e
]'('St ilt of \\' P a\ oprration s w h ic h have transformed fl lit.tl('- lL ('d :ind in a clrq11:1Lcly equipp cl
arra o f '2!'i :1.e rrs in to a well-equ ipped re r ation:1I pnrk S(' rv ing t l, e r n t ire e it.v . \\'PA work
al Lah olcl Fi(' ld in(' lt1(kd eon s truc.t io n o f a new
s tadium r quipped ,,·it h a footba ll fie] l , a
runnin g- l rn,rk, a nd faci li ties for fi eld events;
r e noYat io n of tli e ha:-;r hnll fi e ld; co nstrn etion of
12 trnni s C'n1 1rt s: :1.nd d rYc lo pm en t of a 1.1-acre
pl:i.y ;l,l'C:1 .
T l, r se:1tin g (·:1p:1city o f' th e s tadium i uffi c ient for 7 ,5 00 s p ec tator ; s ta nd are o n both
s ides of t he football field and hig h br ick ,,·alls
at eac h end . Drrss ing room s for contes tants
arr locate d henr:1.t l, t he s ta nds and are equ ipped
\\·it lt lock er s, s h<m rrs, and ot h rr foci li tie
T li e g-rnnd t:rnd at t li c baseball fi eld " ·as in a
dil:ipidn.trd s t:1l c t hrou g h y ears o f' neglect and
t he fi r ld n.nd enclosurr requi rrcl con s iderable
attention .
Proj rc t ,,·orkr rs pra c ticu.Jly r rhui lt the g rands tand , providrd d ugn u ts for t he playrrs, and
r rec led :1 n inr-foot h ri ek ,,·a ll around th e e n tire
fi eld . T hey a lso conYNtecl t hr area across t he
rn :1 d,,·:1y from t l,rsr s tru c t urr into fl large
\Yl'. \ PH.O .J EC'J' O l'EH.\'1'10 .\'S l .\' SE L1'X 'T J;; ll .\RE. \ S
pl,iyin g fi<'ld ol' apprn xiniat e ly l:3 :H· res <·o nlainin g three so l'tb:il1 di ,1rn o ncl s, ('l'Cl (j ll l'l (' ()urt ,; ,
and fac ili ties for o th er outdoo r g :1llH'S. Tl1<'
park ,.,rou nd - 1d1i c h ,; urrouncl th <' pby ing fi eld,;
h:1Ye bee n l:wd ,;C"aped , s li <' ltcr ho uses built , :incl
drinking fo unt:1in . , p:1.rk hcn c l1 es, and c lC'd ri c
li O' h ti ng frtc ili ti<'s fo r nig h t g :1,111(',; prnYidcd .
Oth er p arks in t h e c ity kwc a lso hecn im prowcl. Thi \Y PA " ·o rk includ ed t11 c bu ild ing
of ton e sh elter h o uses, nrnl t h e con s tru c tion o f
por t faci li t ies s ucl1 a crnq 11 ct , roquc , :rnd
hor. e hoe-pi tcl 1i ngco ur t , marhlc- pla)1 i11 g fi e ld s,
find sof tb1dl di::im ornl s . B encl1 cs, s id ewalks ,
mh , roadways, ,,·at er ma ins, :1d equat e drnin nge foci li t ies, and clri 11 kin g fou n t :1 in s w r e :ilso
in s talle 1 in Port sm o u th p:1 rks.
Professional and Service Work
White Collar Projects
Wh ite collar und e rtakin g of t h e WPA in
P or t moutli i nclu le n ot o nly tli ose proj ects
pon sore l b)· ity ng e n(' ies but a lso cer ta in
cou nty - a nd - L tc-s p o11 sor cd proj ects t h at arc
pcrated in tl1
it) prin c ipall)· with Port smouth worker . \Y PA r ecr eati onal lead ers,
with t h e coopera ti on of Y11CA ,,·orkers and
m mb er of church e.-, sc hool hoard s, an d Ya r iou ciYic or g nni zatio ns. h nYc co ndu cted da sscs
in lrnndi cmft , formed ba ll le,1g ues, ,rncl s uperv ised playO'rouncl in th e c ity pm·ks .
T encb er , on the ndult e lu cn tio n pn)O'nllll
(usually numberin g about 1: ) haYc rn :1 d e a
de termine l effort to incr a sc li teracy in th e
c·ou n ty, \1·h er e, a.cc rd in g to th e 1930 cen s us,
l , 3 per ons ,,·er e c·lnssiJicd a s illitcrntes. Th e
fund am en tals o f r endin g nnd wri ti n g lnwe b een
tau gl1t to m orr th:111 :300 per on s ince 11 nr ·h
193 and m or e a d Y::i nc ed cln ses li aYe been condu ted in ubj ec t such as arithmet ic, g eography, hi tory , o·oyernme n t , b oo kkee pin g , short \.11 aYerag e of abo ut 55
hand , itncl typin g.
ch ildren h a ·e b een enrolled in tli e two nurser v
, chool for children o f lcrn·-in ('orn e fomi li ~s
du r ing t bc pas t sch oo l yc,ll'.
Throug h ho usekeeping- aid e adiY iti es, pl'oj ect
wo rker hitve gon e in to h o nt es o l' mr, J"e t h,w .", 50
needy fa mili e in ,,·hi e h t he h ou se ,,·il'e ,,·ns tempo rarily incap ac·ibite d, a nd lrn,vc a ss is ted 11·iLh
th reO'uhir h o usc ,rn rk an d t he ca re of d1il d ren .
l{ ()(/ l E ( ' OUHT S
urn
.\\'.UL .l ll LI, l :S. .\lOUN I ) P .\HK .\ li .\
HE S l . T.T OF \\' l' .\ P R OJ ECT Ol'E H.\ T H 1N ,-;
Th e di s t rihu tion of s urplu , co mn 1oclities to
l'arnilies in neell of relief ha s been facilitnted l>y
the use of \ YPA bbor. O t her WP. \ 11·o rk er,;
h,1.Yl' cle:w e I :i nd m ndcd hooks in public :u1 d
sch ool libraries a nd r eno vated fu l'ni sh ing,; :tnd
intcriors of Y:i ri ou s publie buildings .
. \ Y:uied prngrn.n1 of s 111T ey proj ect s to aid in
municipn.l ad minis t ra tio n has been co nd ll('ted in
th e ci ty o f Ports m o uth a nd in Sc ioto Co unt!' ·
. \n example o f thi s type of proje t, is th e c it!·sp o nsor ecl r eal property i1wc 11 tm y take n during
rn:36 . . \ tota l o r 1:3 ,75-! ch,·clling units, covermg ll ,(j85 separ aLc st rn c tures, ,,·er e enum e rat ed . The 16 ma ps and grap h s a nd t he
t.1hulat io ns prepnrecl fr o m t,hi s e num er:1 Lio n ,ll'C
n ow bein g used in c ity pl an nin g .
In .\ pril HJ:37 a project 1rns underta ke n to
cnm pletc , crn, s-in(lox, a nd ril e ,~a ri ou s couu t! ·
reco rds, inc luding auto mobil e hills (If sa le a nd.
ca ses of th e criminal a nd dis tl"i ct courts . On
a no t,h cr proj ect s ta r ted in Octo ber rn:3, , all
hi r Lh nn d cl ath r ecords of t he county for tit
ye nr
1856 to llate arc hci ng c hec ked a nd
reindexecl to faci l itate ,,·or k in co nn ec tion ,,·ith
t he ad mini s t J"atio11 of t li e ::-;oeial ::-;ecu ri ty ~\ ct.
Cn rd riles of tl1e reco rd s of birth s and clea th s
sin ce Hl08 :1. r<' :1.lso he in g made /'or th e c ity n,nd
co unt!· d ep:Htment. of hea lt h .
\\To rk e rs o n o thel' proj ect s arc ni aki ng, () r
hrin g- in g up to date , indexes fo r rccoJ"ds of wi ll ,;,
m:irring e,;, ado p t io ns, hill s of sa le , settle1n e 11 ts,
,u1d o fi i(' ia l le tt er s . . \ fil e of t ho :lQ,000 pupil s
in t he ::-\c ioLo l 'ou n L.,· sc hools for th e year s HUD
t hroug h HJ:38 ,ms comp iled /'or th e county
s up erint e ndent of sc hoo ls. The fad ed a nd
torn h :1.11<hnitten d eeds in t lH' cou n ty reco rd e r ',;
74
REPORT ON PRO ,RESS OF 'l'H E WPA PRO fRAM
o nic c \\-er e typed on lonselcnf ledger sheet s a nd
were hound in pcrmanent loosclenJ bind rs.
Locatio11 of section corn ers, ncrornplisli ed
tluou gl1 an engineerin g s un-ey , lin s proYided
th e basis for publi c and priYa te smTey \rnrk
in ll1 e co unty nnd ca n be used in th e preparation of :1cc urnt e tnx and road maps. L'nd er
anotli er prnject, nrnps and rec ord s lia Ye been
prepared shO\\·in g th e location nnd condition
of :111 rotH ls ,llld drainage structures in th e
cou nty. Tli ese nre of sen·ice to tlie count.v
engineer in mnintainin g and renoY ntin g the
ro:1d :rnd dr,1irw ge s tructures.
T Attu; 22.- N'u~, 131,n
01-
P 1cn,;o:-1,-.
E .\11 • 1,o) ED
o ., \\"PA -
Ot• EH \TEil P HOJ l•;C' T>', BY TYl'J•;,S 01' P1,0 JE< " I',-;
\:,/1)
HY
~ J,;c\,
:-:.( IOTO C'OI
:-..r, \ ','l)
\I
CITY OF' PoH:T~\101 TII, 01110
\IH I I
:.?~, HJ:3H
Sc:iotu Count Y ( lnc.·lud111g Purt s1iwuth
Sewing and Other Goods Projects
In Port rnou th , a in mo t cities, the majority of th e \rnmen empl oyed on '\Y PA project
lnwe been gi,.-en \\-ork i.n e\\ing rooms. The
women thu mployecl h aYe not on ly produ ced
thou and s f gn rrn ent s f r dis tribution to families in neell of relief but lmve also made quantities of arti !es for u e n t t he municipal
hospi tal-. 1,ee t , pill \\- slips, ho , pital gown ,
:rnd furni hings, uch n.s clmpe and curtains.
To~rs , furniture , and clothin g donated through
the Hed Crnss for flood victims have been
re co nditioned. Some of th e garment required only cleaning and min or repnirs; other
J)l'OYiclecl material for mad e-oYer clothing.
Left-onr pieces of loth ha,-e been ,rnwn into
rngs l)I' used in making comforters and quilt .
Por1 smou I h \
T .\ Pl' of Projeel
Total
en
l. 121
:--t rt>l'l" and :illey s
roads
·
-1 ,-124
I, 5\JO
1,;)H{)
2,S:ll
'!,;-;:{ I
0
Sc11oul hu1ld111 ~s
8ewer
en
sv~ tl'111 :,;
1,079
I, 11;~
1, 117\1
fil
fil
nnd
~YO
Ed11C"nt1on
12
Heereatic111
Pro fessional.
1,07\1
=1-~~=I=
ot her ut.ilitil~s
:md sen
\\"om-
Total
roads, and
S I ff'Pls
('01111l.\
\\"0111·
A, 1...,i
'l'nl :d
n i!,!lrn :1y s,
,.\ !en
"
1fi
f,
II 111
4S
11;-.,4
lfi2
lfi-l
fl!
1
:JtHI
H [1
11
fl
" II
"
j
f'lt>ri<:al.
11·l'
Se\\ ilH!
fi-l
2
" Hi2
II;-( ....
If.:?
.\ 1):11:1 for Port srno uth reprt>.-..l'nl the estimated n111nhn of pn.-..011:--
work1 Ill-! 111 Purt smout h proper; the\· ind ude some workers from ~ l'\\
nc,ston a11d 1 ·ther 1n rt ~ or :--.eioto \ •mjn1 •· :ind exc:l ude 111.111,· Pons111ot11 h
\\orkL'rs e1111iloyt'd on proJl't ts. IH1rtic;ularly the c·otrnt/ r11ad under
takinl!s. oper:ited outside of tile l'it, limits. 'T'he nurnh1~r nf worker~
e111plo~t?d in Portsmo uth 0 11 ce rtain c:o unt y-wide prujec:ls ha, heen
psti rnated fro111 c•ounl\ totals.
H F>,ti lll;t !l•rl.
.
Work in Suburban Areas
ln tli e precedin g desc ription of th e " ' PA
projects the di ·u icn !i ns been limited to
acti,-iti es omlucted within the cit~· li mits of
Port ' m utb . No attempt h a be en made to
coye r the proj e ·t ,nirk und ertaken in th e sep:1 r:1 tcly incorporated town f ~ e\\- B o ton- the
l\\·o pumping station , c n tructed there nre
mentioned in c nnection \\·ith tli e Portsmouth
llond defense progr am becau se t.he s tation s form
p:ll't of th e Portsmout l1 C\\-er sYs tem. Th e
di sc uss ion of Port mouth proj ecL nlso excludes
the work perfo rm ed b~- resid enL of th e city on
prnj ec ts o per:1ted C>lrtsi le the cit~- limits.
IX
l' !I RT:,~I O l "l' TI ,
·'" J<:l,,.;F;\\"UF:HE •
.\ L .\IH1E :S IL\RE
OF T U E \\"l)~ I EX
~; ~ll'LUYED BY TUE
11· I ' I
\I <l ll K
IX
SEIi I ~(; H OO M
75
WPA PROJECT OPERATI NS IN SELECTED AREAS
Unemp lo_yccl per ons from Port. m o uth h:we
performed mu cli of th e ,rnrk u1 conn ect io n with
the in s tallation of complete ~e \\-er a nd drnirrn ge
facilities n t th e coun t-'- fair ground , :1 t the
community r ecreational center in \ \'11c liin gton
Townslii p, and a t tbe ca mp built for the use
of y o u t h in th e RooseYelt Game Prcsc1'\'e
seYe n miles from P ort m outh . At tb e c11mp
th ey .:d o participated in the erection o fsc ,·c rnl
log s t r uctu res u1clucling a mess hall and cc □ trn I
building, livu1g qu arters for the group lende rs ,
hunk howe , and a ld ition to th e bathhouse.
A \\'P.\ -b uil t swimming pool and ,rn o utd oor
amp hi t heat re ,Hid to the facilitie s provided .1t
t he ca mp in the H ooseYelt Game Pre e 1Ye.
Al. o illu s tratiYc of con s tru ction work outside
of th e city accomplis hed primarily by Port mouth labor are t h brick dormitory and th e
ne"- poultry house at t h e County lnfinn.1ry , the
sil o and mod"ern d niry bnrn at t h e Cou n ty Poor
Farm , and t h e two-story I uildiug fo r playroom
nn I s unnin g pu r po es at the C hildren ' H orne.
P ort mouth worker have , in ad di tion , been
employed in large number s (approximntel_','
1,000 in 1larch 1939 ) on the ounty-wide road
projects .
uch projects m clude t h e Aoo l
escape roa ds whic h con n ect with main highway s at n u·ious points in , cioto Count)- after
they c ut ,1 cross t he hill th at ar e located along
t h e northern edge of th e city limi ts _
ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA
Eric , P nn syh-,111ia , " ·ith a n estimated population of I 23 ,500 p erson s in 1938, b:L m a n y of
th e clutracteri' tics of the large incl us trial c iti es
of the co untry . Its locntion on the so uth ern
b or e of L nke Erie, about h a lfw ay bct\\·cen
Buffa lo a n I Cleveland and n lm os t du e north of
l_)itt burgh . p laces it in the gen eral section uf
the co untry in wh ich large manufacturing cities
ban cleYelope I. E r ie bas a rclatiYel)- diwrsified gr oup of indu s trial e tahlishm c nt and enjo)- faci lities for both r a il a nd ,rn ter tra ns port:1tion. Th ese are among t h e m or e signifi c,111t
factors wh ic h have tended to pattern Eric ,1ftcr
much larger cities and to giYe a m etro po litnn
ch nrfl ctcr is tic to its problem of proj ect work for
t h e un emp loyed.
Th e heavy good s indu str ies account for a
large percentage of Erie's numcrou m an ufacturin g co ncer n . Among t h e more importa1 1t
durnb le product t h at are made in t h e <" Oll rnun ity a rc clectric,1I machine1y :111d s upplies ,
includin g locomot iYes and refrigerators; 1w1 chinc ,rnd ha nd tools; boiler ; buildin g lrnnl wnre , plumbin g upplies, and beatin g equ ipment ; and tee] forging . The lcs d urn blc
manufactured article that a r e signi(i cn n t in t l1 c
ind u trill I Iife o f Er ic includ e paper produ cts of
various ty pes , \\"as hing nrn chin cs and ot her
hou , c liold rq u iprnent, rubber goods, a nd certain textil e produ ct .
Traci e in t li c city ce n ters abo u t the req mrement of th e commuJJi ty proper a nd t he s urrounclmg a r ea , whi c h are prim:nily ,1gri cu ltmal.
Orchnrds, ,,u1eya rd s, and t ru ck ga rd en are
cxtcn si,·e a lon g the lake; inland from t h e 1n ke
hore ur ea dairyu1g and gen era l forming ar e t he
l1icf pur uits. Commer cial lake fi bing 1s
anicd on from t h e harbor.
Tndu s tries in t h e cornmunit) mus t rely m
large mea s ure for their materials and markets on
regions outs id e t h i. limit ed trnd u1g area. Such
tn1 ffic- is adeq u:1 te ly h and led by t h e trn nsportation fnc ili t ie of Eri . Th e loading and unloading of coal a nd coke, grau1, iron or e, pulp\\"ood,
and pn cka ge freig h t- nrnj or item am o ng shipm en ts by boat- are exp ed i ted by gn1 in eleYators , frei gh t " ·arehou scs , a nd special equ ipment fo r h,rnd lin g iro n ore . Two ruil rn,1d
sys t r m s (Ne\\" York Cen trn I and Pcnn s~·h ·,rn in )
licn-e di,·ision headqu,nters in Eric; th e ~ew
Y ork, Chicago, <rnd St. Lou i (Kickel Pl.1 tc ) and
t lw B essemer ,llld Lake Erie Hailro,1d s ,ilso
moYe traffic to ,111d from the cit)' . These road s
pn)\-id c a n ct,nll"k of trnck on which iron or e
and oth er g-ood can be shipped inl:ind to consumin g di tricts, nnd coal nncl ot h er produ cts
can he brought to boats for re-s hipm en t .
Th e gro\\"t h of E ri c ha. been t he re ult in
no small meas ure of iL location on the hny
f rmed b)- Presqu(' L le . This penin s ub ,1ffonls
7
76
REPORT
();>,
l'Hoc:RE S OF T ll E WP.\ l'RO(:R.\'.\1
n protC'l'l<' d h:1 rhor for t hC' la kC' ho:1ls pl:· ing
to :rnd from thr ('it:·· LnrgC' I:· :1 -.;l,ll<' p,irk
thnt i. noll' d for its nttr:1c-tiYC'nC'SS :rnd n'n<'ational possihilitiC's. tbC' pC'nin. llla is joinC'd to
thC' mninlnnd by a narrow ncrk of lnnd :1t n
point ::ihout n miles ot1tsi<lc th e WC'Sl<'l"n !"ity
limit s. E riC' proper is built on tl1C' l:1kC' shore
plain on :l tn1rt h ctwrC'n two and lhrr<' rn ilrs
in width :ind :1hot1t 11'.i fC'rt :1h0Ye thr l:ike IC',,C'l.
Th e pC'nin. 111:1 protC'<'t'- thC' cit:· from the
"torms nnd lhC' lake afford , rdicf from C'x lrcmcs
of tempC'rn t 11n'.
,YP A opC'r:1 lions hC'g:rn in Erie in . Ppt C'm her
193.'i . , in rC' tlrnt timC' prnctirnll:· nil th<' kinds
of " ·ork gC' nC'nl ll:· undC'rtnkrn h:· tlw , YP.\
hnYC' hC'C'n prosC'c- t1tcd in lhC' cit)· :rnd its irn nwdintC' Yirinity, furni shin g C'mp loy mC'nl for
SC'Yer::t l thou . nnd Erie workC'rs. By th C' C' nd
of l\farc- h I 939. approximn tely $5,330. 000 hnd
hccn expC'ndC'd on projC'cts in Erie nn d 011 PrC'S(]lle
Lie . Thi. totnl doC's not inc-ludr fund s usC'd on
. tnte-\\·idC' whit C' collar proj rL opC'ratC'd in Eri c.
Of p:1r(it'ul:ir import:rn<· (' to EriC' li:1 s \ )('(' ll
tllC' storm s(' W(' r r onstruction work wh ich :don e
:wroun(C'd for :1lmost 30 pC'r<'C'llt of thC' tot:il !"Ost
of ro ns tnl('l ion projer ts (. 3.,, G, --L 7). St rC'ct
pnYin g :ind rC's 1rr fo r in g hn s do nC' 1111 ,r h to
i rnpro w t hC' ci t:·'s thorou gh fores nnd the
drwlopmC'nt of Eri C' .\ irport . \\·e, t of t hC' ci(Y .
!ms hC'en -.ign ifi r:rnt in t br 1YP.\ prog-r:1111 of
t hC' romm1111it:·- ThC' rity h:1s pnid !J;~-11.000
tmn1nl s thC' rost of th C' projC'cts it s po11 sorC'd
(::is of \1 :m· h :J 1 . 1mm ) : t h(' CO UlllY suppli ed
~'.?."i.(100 for projC'rts opC'rnti11g in tlw !" it _y :ind
for ro unl y-11 idC' projects opNnted prim:ll'il:·
in th C' (' it y: :rnd state nge nr ie. . s uch :is t he
StntC' Pnrk :rnd ll nrhor Commission , <'xprndcd
$·J9 .000 for ,1·ork pC'rfornlC'd 011 . t:1tr prnpertY
in EriC' nnd on PrPsqm' lsk. in ndditi o11 to th:it
C'XpC'ndC'd on . tntC'-,1·ick projC'rt s.
Closely re 1:1 tcd to tl1P ,,·ork don(' i 11 l•:ri t>
proper :1 r<' tl1C' 11·Ps\ :1rt iYiti es in s uh11rh:t11
nrC':lS, p:1r(i('1rl:1rly in :-. Jil l C'rC'ck Tmrn ship .
Th r sc,,·N :1nd wn ter m nin s lnid in \ Iii I ( ' rC'C'k
Township by WP.\ ,,·orkC'rS ro rrn C'<·t with tllC'
EriC' syste ms ancl nrn r h of thC' st rC'd ,1 ork rn nst itutC'S :in exte nsion of tlic impro,·crnpnts
mnd C' wit hin thC' cit:· limit.. T he \rpslC'_n·ille
sewin g proj C'cts hn n' pnwided g,1 r111 cnt s and
o ther artirl s for the needy fnmilie, in Eric a
well a 111 Wcsle:n ·ille. Project. in th e sub-
~3 - 1:xPS'.\'lll"IT;lE,S OF FF.DER
F1·, us o, \\'P.\ -OrEP ITLD
PnnJEr-r,;, 1n T, rf:,; OF Pnorn, ·-rs
T .\Jll,ls
',()f!S'
I \mount
'ry pe of Projr<'I
--
Pnrk s n nd 01 l1Pr r(•c· r r:i1ion:i 1 fa<·i l11 it"'
Total
~t rt 'f'l'- •ulfl nlh•,·s, 111-
rludmc rn:v lsi;k
P !lrk s n
Play f..rT011nil"
1111-
1iro\"Pllll'lll
F.1! uc•:1 t 1ona I
St• l11Jo b
~r horil dist ric·t
S:t•wN s ,. s t 11 111 s n nd
ottwr u·1ilitif""
1. 074
81·,n·r s,·s tt'lll'" "n tn ; upply s~·s-
f( 11 ,1
Lihr:iriPs
-1, 12~
11, ,21
\fus1• urn"
.\ d111inist rat in•
. \rTllOf )
Chnrir~tih,. 11wd1 rnl. and mPnt:il
ins1itt11ion<;,
C'ounty jnil
Rtadium
] mproY('J1H'111
:1 nd
2.,i,. !f~!)
~i:1. ~14
\ \ :1n •l 1011'-t
''· 341
n,. n,o
X,fi:i9
fli , fiii
11 3, 4~5
'.!9:l.1114
:Hh lPlir fit•lds
noH rou r'P'-
Puhh r h11ildiJH!S
• PON-
Amount
Type or Projcet
I- - - -
gro1111d ,
A'JI)
\L
CoxsTRCrTION
'-1. '.!95
3fi, ISfi
1.22.,.'.!93
lPms_
SI I I fi
.\irport
S:init:ition :rncl hralth
(mosq uit o !'rndication )
1\ 1isce ll a1wous
s tru c t ion
con -
25. 953
of
:1rou11d
puhlir huildirws
, F:x<·e JH where noted, dntn relate only t o tho-.;e projert s that were
operate, 1 in Erie proper
B Inelwles e\penditu res f,ir Presqu ble Park and municipally -o \\ ned
prirks out!-ide the c11y limit s.
11 rb:111 are:1 of :-. !ill Creek Townsh ip :rnd 1Yrs\py,·illr . irwo h·in g expend itures of about. 1.400.000 t hrou g h :-. l :1 rch 31. 1939, nre in cl uclccl in
t he fo llow in g dC', r ription o f t he project \\'O rk
tl1:1l lrn s bee n unclNtaken by the 1YPA in E ri e.
Construction
Storm and San itary Sewers and Wate r Mains
Th C' plain on 1d1ir h l:i: rie is lorn lC'd rise
g rndun lly to t hP first rid ge of foot hill. . outh of
th<' r ity :rnd i. c- ut b)· a er ics of rn ,·inc fo rmed
lw st rC':1m s tl 1:1 t empty in to th e l:i ke. 1 Jill
( ' rC'C'k, G:1 1Ti so11 R un, ::i n cl Cn cn dc CrcC'k d rnin
most o f t hC' n rc:1. During n pNiod o f hen ,ry
r:1ins in 191 S. \! ill Creek hC'r:1Jn(' blorked "'ith
drifhrnod ,111d dC' bris. :rnd when t he jam finall)T
g,1\'C 11·a:· thC' impound ed " ·a tN, , wept tit rou gh
thC' eit? , causin g the loss of 2.'i IiYes nnd prnpNty
d:nnagC' in C'XCl'S, o f . 2,000 .000 . Th e , cct ion
of thC' ncC'k t hnt run throuo-h th e city h :1 s since
heC'n ro nfin cd 1,·ithin n concrete sewer f nmple
rnp:1cit:'·
In orde r to :woid simila r diffi r ultie, 111 conncet io n wit h ot hC'r drn in agC' nrcn s nnd to rem ove
thC' now of rnin w:1ter from the nnitll!')' . ewer
'-Y tem , th e r it:· mnde app licat ion to the W PA
for , C'\'C'r:1 l s torm S(' \1·er project . Topog rn phical
77
\\'P ,\ PRO.JE T OPEH .\ ' L'I OXS J X SELECTED .\HE.\.S
and b)•cl rologiC" :11 s u n ·c.vs w e re und rt:1ken hy
\Y P.\ worke rs to d etc rrnin c th e n,1turc o r (he
quiou s dr:1in:1 gc ,ll'c:1 s in t he ri t:· ,11HI \' iC' init)· .
Th e findin gs o r th e s ur nys kin s uppl i(' d :1
sricntif-ic bn sis for pLmn in g S) ', terns s ufli c icn t
in c,1p:1 city to m eet t l1 c dn1in ugc need s or the
city ,1nd h :wc been Ht ilizc d in s ubsequent sc \1·c r
I rojcct wor k of th \\'PA .
Th e ln rg cs t of t he \\TA s torm . cwc 1· prnj cc(s
1rncl th e m o t ig 11 ific::111t from :111 c ng in cc'ri n~
brncl 1 oin t is th e Garrison Run job . Gn rr ison
Run drn in s a large area t hat frin ges t he bu sidistr ic t in t he ea s t ern part o r E r ic . lt
ne
flo,\· t h roug b a somc\1·li at Cl'O \vclccl inclu . trinl
part of tli c C" ity and under r ailroad )' nn ls :111d
crossmgs . T h e co ns truction of n r e in rorC" cd
co ncr e te conduit more t han h nlf a m ile in
lengt h a nd 90 inch c in d ia m eter to cm ry tl1 c
trcam th ro ugh th e ar ea prese n ted rn :111:·
compli cate I prob lem s. O p en cxc:w:1t ion an d
tu nn eling in a s tr a tifiecl sh ale fo r matio n wPrt'
nee ary th ro ug h o u t th e e n t,ire le ng th. Contn1 ction wa fm th er comp licated by ::rn exis t ing
an it,1 ry rwer li ne w hich in ter sected th e p roposrd lin r at t he level plan ned fo r t he Il l'\\' sc1n•r .
This C'on fli ct n ' quin'd C"o11s(r1 1 (ion of nn in ,·Ntr' d siphon to (':llT)' th<' srn ,1 ller sa nitary
• C\l' l'l' under tlw ,; to rm sc"·er .
. \ m eth od of i11 s t:1llin g- the flO-in C"h prccas t
C'O ll C'rcte pip r i11 t he tu 1111 cl sec tion s wn s nd optcd
11'11i c h mi nim ized t he amn11nt o f cxcaYntio 11
need ed . Th e tu1111cl 1m . so lidl y r ci111'orccd " ·it h
tirnher a11cl a co11e rrtc floo r 11·(1s poured in \1·l1ic h
tr:1cl-:.s were Jn icl . Scet io ns o r t h e sew e r w er e
th en low ered th rnug h th e tunn el sh aft , m o unt ed
0 11 a p ecia lly des ig ned car , a11d mm·cd int o
place. T h e s pac e b e tween the timber lining
and th e pip e \\·ns 1\·cll rnmm ed with n quick
drying co ncrete so th at u po n the s u l sequ ent
deterioration of th e t imb er , t he s treet ,rnd
track s abo,·e t h e t unn el \1·otil d not he cl:1magcd
hy excessiYc se ttlin g o r t he cnr t h .
Two ot h er s to r m sc\\·cr prnjcet s , 011 w li ich
s imila r wor k wa , d one , im proYcd clrain:1 ge
nlong portio ns o f C'ascndc ( ' reek. T he Casc,1de sew er , dra in in g a n ar ea of npp roximatcly
:3, 000 acres in tl1 c wes tern sec t io n of t,h e c ity,
re pla ced an open di t<.:l1 a n d pe rm itted Lhe
el im in ation of a bad jog in tb c Bu ff a lo- 'leveland h ig li way.
Wl' O lD I ~P, ll'ER C'O:-.' STHFC'TJON IN
~: nm :
( llE LU\\' ) PART OF
RL. N STOH .\ l
~~: \\'EH .I N Jl ( LEFT ) T U E P.PP, C'J.ILLY l lE8 10NED C'.\H L'P. ED
IN l'l ' TT INC: ~F:C'T IO NP. OF T Ii is ~TOH.\ I ~Ell'E I( IN PL .I CE
T l! le l :,.'\"EHTED t,; I P U O:-.' L':,.'lllc H T JI E
0.1 HB ISON
REPORT ON PRO C:Hl.ESS OF THE \VPA PRO(;RAM
O P EN- U'f
S E ' TIOK
OF
TD E
LIBER ' l'Y
S TREET
S T O H .\I
E W ER
Th e Li bert:-,· Stree t s torm se\\·er proj ec t
inYolwd reco ns tructi on f an old and inad equate ys tem on a hnrncb of Casc ade Creek
that fl ows under the bu sin es. sec tion o f th e
city . Fl ods occu rred here wh eneYer nlinfoll
" ·as hea vy. En gineerin g clifliculties s imilar to
tho e encountered in t he work o n the Garrison
Run ew er " ·ere present. particularly on the
sec tion s wh er e the tunnellin g m et h od o f cons truction wa necessa ry becaus of the damage
to adjoining properties t hat would h aw res ulted h ad ,1ll open cut been mad e . Th e
m e tltod u ed o n tl1 e Garri so n Run proj ec t w,1 s
applied to th e co ns truction of ,1 ~l-">.'i- foo t
tunne l, which terminat ed at a bluff OYerlooking
Lake Erie . Open-cut co ns truction " ·as used
0Yer th e remainin g dis tanc e to the lak e.
Tl1e three s torm se,n•r proj ects required t li e
in s tallation cJ almost fin mile;;:. of tru nk line
('ome as much as nine fpet in cli,1m eter ) , :3.1!-l
feet of la terals , 133 rnu nhol e , ,rnd s uch s upplem entary " ·ork as g radin g along th e course
of the ' ewer, c n;:; tru c tion of Y,1rious rl'l,1ining
,rnlls, r pla cem en t of cu rh~ nnd si dewalks,
and imprm·ernrnt of open sec tion ' of s trrmnbe<i . In additio n , th e operation o f a proje ct
near tlir eastern bord er of tl1 e cit:-,· drnin<'d
large ,-rn·amp ,neas wh ic h " ·err in fe s trd h~m osq u i to s. The \\·ork i1P,oh·ed gra d i11 g :111 I
clea nin g some q.'i,800 feet o f creek ch annel and
digging of nen rl:· t,rn miles of ditcl1e ' ll':1ding
to .:-lot ch , Cem eter:-,· , and .:-L cD n1111el Hun s.
After t he sanit,1r:-,· sewe rs " ·e r relieYe d of t he
large Yolurn e of sto rm w,1te rs t hnt l1 ad pre-
Yiou sly hee n ca rried to th e citY disposal plant,
a n e" · trunk lin e inl e t " ·as c-ons truded and the
disposa l plant w,1 reconditi on ed . SeYen projects \\·ere ope rated in outlying ections of the
(·i tY to in sta ll ne\\· sanitary se" ·er line . By
.\ lan·h 31, 1939, about 13,500 lin ear fe t of
pipe had be n laid ancl -1 maob le had been
("o ns tr11ded .
In .\l ill C r eek TO\rn ship t he use of incliviclual
or s ubdiYi ion septic tanks resu lted in the
lenkag of consid erable quantities of untrea ted
1rn s te int o the l:ike a nd led th e s tate board of
healtl1 to ord e r th e ins tallation of sanitary
"e" ·ers. Since t he Erie e" ·age treatment plnnt
h11ilt ahout 19 30, had been de ign ecl to m eet the
C'XpH ndin g neecl s of the c· it:· a nd s urrounding
t rritmy , t he to\\·ns hip ,nranged with Eri e to
me ter t lH' se\\·age as it e ntered t h e city y tern,
paYin g for th e sen ·ice . :,.fo c h of th e work on
tli e U \YPJ.. sa ni tar:· se wer project operat ed
het" ·een t he foll of HJ:3.-'i :111d .\fard1 3 1, Hl39 ,
in t hese resid enti al sect ion s in,·olvecl the
('on s trwtion of pipC' lin es ,1 long th e slope OYerloo kin g the lake.
On t he high e r --ed ion s th e \\·ork ,1·as accomplis hed 11·itli compar:1ti1·el.1· littl e cliffi("u lty
he!·a use of t h e f:worab le nature o f th e ' Uh oil.
l n t he lo11·er a rea,;, hm1·e,·er , t he presenc of
s,111 d, lllll ('k, and water in a gr:n·el Yei n in cr eased
the in st:1 1l:1tion ('Os t. T,1·0 lift pumps ,,·ere
in "talled to mi . e t he se,1·age from t he lo\\·-lying
le,·els to t l1 e main inten- eptor. B:· the end of
.\larch J!-l:39 proj ect worker h acl laid over
92,000 lin e,H feet of til e pipe a nd had con-
WP.A PROJE 'T OPERATIO N
trurted
124
manhole
at
11
total cost of
'-:164,751.
Projects fo r th e in b1 llntion of \\'11.ter nrnin
h11Ye been operated c- hirfly in ne\\' ee tions o f
th city . WPA wo rkers h:1Ye bid two mil es o f
pipe to any water in to sections inco rporn tee!
" ·ithin th e ci ty limi ts in 1919 a nd in 1927.
At t he s tate oldiers· a nd a il or ' home }lll
xten s ion wa m a de to the main to imprn,·r
circ-ulat.ion of wnter t hroug h th e ll' atc r ystern
of t h e in, titution . This res ulted i_n a s upply of
fres h er water and a. much-needed increase in
t he press ure , especiall:v at t h e f-ire h,vclrnnts.
ln 1h11 C reek To,171ship th 11·n te r s upply
\\'fi chiefly from incliYidual ,,·ells mid a fte r t li e
in tnllation of the sanita1y se ,1·ers t he in, ufli ciency of water frequently ca used slu ggish
flo w of wn ste matter throu gh th e SC\\'ers.
Con eq uen tly the to"·n sbip - u pe rYiso rs s pon , ored project fo r th e ex ten-ion o f the Erie
water upply sys tem into t h e to wn ship . B eb1·een th e initiation of th e first WPA proj ect
for thi s purpose in December 1035 and tli e
end of March 1939, a totn l of nenrl)r fivr milP
of wat r main s h a d b ee n laid in tl1<' outly in g
ec tion .. , particularly in th e Yicinity f "\\"est
Lak e Road.
Streets and Related Work
"K ea rl y a tl1ird of th e exp enditure f r con tru ction proj cts op erated in E rie h ave bee n
made in conn ction "'itli s tre et improY enH:nt
\\'Ork. By th e n l of ~larch 1939, a lmo t
'1,150,000 h a d been used fo r this purpo r .
Outs tandin g among t h e Y,niou s kind s of
trect proj ect work is th e resurfacin g clon r o n ;1
nu mb r r of th e m ain s treets of th C' bu si n<·ss
ection; this may b not d in th e accompan)·in g
nwp. Th r la y in g f l '.).5,.560 quflre y :1 rd s of
a phalt h a gr eatly impro n cl th r co ndition of
th ese rnu ch-u l'd tr eets. Durin g t h r p ros<'Clltio n of th e work t be project was operated on :1
24-hom ba sis with three shifts of ,1·o rke r,: in
orclc'r to r educe t h e length of t im <• t hnt t r:1fl iC'
wou ld be incon ven ienced hy proj 'C t :ictiYiti <'s.
"\YPJ project oper ation s in Eric• han in clucl <'d
otl1C'J' s trrC't impro,·c rn ent \l·ork. Dr:1i11:1 gc'.
grncl in g, u rfa ·ing ,,,itli gnffcl o r asplrnlt , :ind
lan cl cn pi,w bav ' b en ca rried o n extr nsinl!-;
new curbs, manhol es, and g utters hnvc b<'<' n
I;'\
ELE TED ARE.A
79
b uilt ; and ne\1· st, rrr ts IH1YC' he n oprned. For
c',·c•ra l block · in one p art of tli <' cit.v a railroad
track runs a lo ng on e of t he prin ipal highwflys
on 11·hicli most of th r trn ck trn fri c i routed.
.\.I tl1 ough provid ed with a, ub ta n t ia l concr ete
f undation, th a l h nlt surface on th e s t r eet
\\'as ontinuall)r c rac kin g a nd cnm1bling as a
re, ult f vibration cau ('(I by passing tn1in .
A "\\' PA p roj e t w11 s pro C'C. ut 'd to co n truct
epnra te concr etr ba se's, cliv id cl by a phaltic
joints, fo r t he rnilroad t ra ck a nd fo r th e road•
,1·n!, on c'ithrr si le. Th e a.s plialt tr eet urfa ce
is no longL' l' subj ect to fa ults r esul tin g fro m
he:ff!' frc io- li t t ra ffi c sin ce it is se parat <'d from
tlw t ra cks. Th e rnilroncl s uppli ed t he city with
nil t h e mate rial n eecl ecl fo r t h e work .
A smn ll p:1 rkway in t he center of one of th e
main hig lnn1.vs leadin g to th e Erie Airport bad
been t he sc en e of several serious acc id ents
be en use a dip in the road under a railroad
bridge o bsc ure I th e parkway to m oto rists
a ppro11 chino· from th e east. R emoval of the
parkw:1Y by WPA workers a nd paving of t he
nr en hu s se1Ted to limin n te this dan gero us
trn fli c haza r l.
N umerou s oth er ty p es of p roj ects h ave
cont ributed to th
a fety nnd convenience o f
motori ts a nd pedestrian . On one pro jec t
a n :t ,·erage of eigb t m en w er e employed fo r
fou r mo nths in making 1111d erectin g 9 (j stree t
sign s fo r 2-:16 unpo ted intersections. Traffic
cou nt s were made at 130 sta ti on s to b e used
hy th e p ln nning c,)mmission in redesig n a ting
i1iglnrn:v ro utes throu gh th e city . Tli e city
sh:1<le t ree commission s pon sored a city-wide
prnject fo r th e in s pection ,rnd removal of trees
tl1:1 t 11·ere dead or were oth er\\'ise a source of
clirnge r , a nd t rees wh ose excessive root gro wth
int erfered with s ubsmfn cc utiJitie .
Co n id ern hle WPA impro ,·em ent \\'Ork has
been undert,11ken on ma n y of th e streets in
t h e expandin°· s ub urban a rea o utsid e t h e city
limits. ~umer ous short s treets i n t h ese outl)·ing dist ricts, pa rticuln rl~r th ose ju t so ut h
,111d \\'est of th e city in n Jill C r eek Township,
1,·ere g rflclecl find graveled a nd t he adj:1cen t
ditches clen necl and , in ome ins tance, , riprnpped. ln addition, outly ing sec tion
of
some of the lo nger treets s uch as GmnclYie" ·
Bou lenucl along th e
ut h ern cit) limit and
South Gore Road, pa r:1llel to 'an l just outh
80
REPOH'I' 0:-S PRO(;RESS OF T ILE \\'l'.\ Plt<l(HL\.i\1
of thr houl eY:nd . " - rr ,,·id rnrd nnd reconditiorwd . .\lth ou~b this ,rnrk \\·as loc,1ted
beyond tlw cit.\· limit s , most of thr " ·orkmcn
on t hr project s c::nnr from\\ ithin l~ri e.
Projl'Ct wo rk on thr st,1te l1i g l111 ,,.,· . .'·s tLlll
in l~rir ( 'o unty furni sh r d ;1 s ignifiC":lllt pcrcr11t:1gP ol tbe tot,11 \\' P.\ employment for
EriP l'it_\· ,rnrk r. durin g ce rtain p eriod .
Althou gh employment fi g mrs ,11'<' not ,n-,1ilahle sc p;1r,1tel.\· for 1n>rkcrs from the cit_\·. it
b.1 s lwcn estimated that frnm lHl to 7:"'J peffl' nt
of thr t<>t:11 numb r rm plo.'·etl on tlwsc projects
at ,·,1riom, period s were Eric rcsidl' llt s.
Ai rport
C'ih·-s pon snrcd project work nt Port Eri .
the m1111icipall.'·-mn1cd :1irport 10<·,1 trd about
fiyc mill's wes t of thl' hu si11 $S crntcr of the
city nt the i11terscctio11 of two s t,1lr higlnrny s,
h,1 s r rsu lt NI in th e dcnlopmcnt of ,1 lirs t-class
nirport c'quippetl for both da.\· ,111d 11ight oprrntion s. The project \\· ,1:-; c-ornpldcd in t li r
autum11 of 1037 and air-m,1 il se rnc e \\·,1 s
inau g urn trd the fnll<m·in g spri11 g.
.\. 11 import a nt ph :1sc of t l, r work 11·as t he
con s lrndion of tlll'Cl' hard-s urfnced rnm1·:1ys .
I t ,rn,-, fir,-,t plairnccl to h:1nl ---11 rfnc 0111.'· one
rn11\\ ay and lo fine-gTndc a11d sred th e other
t" o. Throt1~ h an additional allotment of
f11rnls, it lwC"n me possihlr to make all three
" it h sl:i g hn sc and aspli:1lt . urfnce . Th
sou tlrn·rs t- norlhrast n111w:1Y is 150 fl' t \\-ide
and 3,070 frd lon g , and th r ot h er two , runnin g
r,1st-wrs l and north -so uth , nrr 100 fret wide
a11d , rl'Spl'dln' ly , 2.11 IO :llld 2,:rno fre t i11 lrngth.
Otlll' r improwmcnts to th e bndi11 g field
im·l uded c-lc:1 rin g o f a \\"O<H lrd arr,1 \\·hi cb c ns titu tl'd a11 ohstrurti,m a l 011 e end of t he field,
plncrme11 l of power lines lllHlerground, g radin g
of th e rntirt' 1-!0-acre f-i cld, in s t:1lh1tio11 of a
c-ompktr dr,1i11a ge sys ll'm , and cxtrnsion of
t he liµ: h tin g s~·s t em . Proj ect " ·nrkers al o
built a h:111 gar equipped with co11c rrle apron
nnd tnxi s trips to th e rnm1·a~·s . Con s tn,cted
of I 0-i1wh <·on net block s, th e ha11 gnr is 0
h.'· l 00 fed i11 size and has s torage s pace for
1,i pl a m's ol lin than tran s po r ts . Repair sh op ,
(\flice. ,lll(I 11·:1iting r om are in a s tructure
l\\·l'nt)· fc,et " ·idc tha t is built a lon g th e entire
Jc,11 g th of tlir ,",Q-foot side of thr lian g:H.
Th e :iirport proj ec t pro,·icl ed rmploy m ent
fo r :111 a1·t'rn gc of :3:)() pr rson s during m os t of
it s l IJ mn11t l1s of op eration, with ll1 e exception
POHT
\ S .\
!' O H T
EH JE.
l >Jcl""LOPED
F J H,-T-(' l. ,\ SS
T II H O I C: II
AIR\\ " PA
PHOJE<' T OP ls H .IT!OX S
('fl.\ ! B I XED
I TS
U .I XG .IR \:\I) .\ll?IJ! X I S·
Bl:JLD!NG
T IL I TJO,
.\ :Sil
"\YPA PJW.JE('T O L'EH.\ ' l' IO XS I X SE LEC TED .\ ll E ,\ S
I
1
of t hr " ·in te r m o n t hs " ·h rn " ·r:1t hrr c·o 1Hlilinn -..;
lim it r d t hr ,1111ou n t of \\·ork tl rnt cou ld hr d o nr .
l n t hr s pri ng of 19:3 7 t li r job \\·;1 s put on :1
t \\ o-. hif t h:1 s is , r11rl1 sh ift \\·or k ing s ix hou r,; 11
cln ~- a nd fi\·r d ay,; :t 11·rrk .
Parks and Recreational Fa cilities
A 110 (11 hlr ain o unt of work lin s hl'l' n 1111d r rt:1 kr n by t hr WPA i n cl e,·r lo pin g re<'l'r:1 (i o 11:1 I
fa iii tic in Eric' p u blir p:nk . ,rnd srl1 ool
p layg ro und s. T h r sr acti,·iti r . , prom otrcl by
ag ncics ucb as th e Eri e Sch oo l H o:1rd , t hr
City Pnrk Comrnis ion , an I th e Stn t r Pnrk a nd
H arbor Cornmis ion , ex te nd b yo ncl t hr ci ty
limits of E ric to th e d enl p m r n t o f fac ili ti es
on I re q uc lslc P e nin s ula a n d in Z uc k J:>a r k .
Two pr oj ects h aYe bee n I r oscc ut cd to irnp ro,· th e grounds and bu ildings o f Gl r m rno d
Park , th e J 2 -acr e municipally-0\rn c I r rc rrnth e o u th em p ar t o f E ri e
tional cc n t er
wh er e n nin e-h ole golf course, te n nis co u r ts , n
ba ebnll fi eld , a m od ern zoo bu il d in _g , and
picn ic gro un ds ar c loca ted . 1 1ill C r ee k fl ows
throu gh th e en tir e len g th o f th e pa r k . T hrough
a WPA pr oj ec t th e banks of th r cr ee k w e re
riprap pcd to preYe n t f ur th er er osion a nd excl cnni11g o u t tl1 e
tensiv e wor k was clon e
cr ee k ch a n nel , includin g th e exc:1vn tio n o f
7,000 c ubic :v arcl of dirt a n d rcf we. P ro jec t
\1·orker. nJso clrn r ed :2:.. ncr es o f t he p a r k ,
r em oved I :2.5 d e:1d tree . an d m nd C' IO horseh oe co ur ts .
T h ma in entran ce to tllC' pa rk 1\·:1s by \nl,Y
of a inglc-la nc w ood en brid ge w h ich wa s
in a !eq ua te to lrn n dle th e p enk lo ne! o f 10 ,000
car en tr ring t l1 c park on wee k-e nd s a nd holidays . Th e old hrid ge h as l cr n r c pln ced with
a t wo-1:rn c, rei nfor ce I con cr e t e' brid ge. F oJlo\1"ing t he eliminati on of tliis trafii c bot tlr ncc k ,
n dccid r d in C' rr ase in th - u e o f t l1 r pa r k facilitie \Vfl S no t ed , s pccia ll_Y of t he h:1sr baJI
diam o nd on " ·I 1ich ad missio n- free T\\'il ig h t
L -ag ue g11 m cs wer e playc I. A s helt er ho u
nnd p e n for r cin clccr , b uffa lo , a nd ot h r a 11ibuildin g is of
mn l wer e con s trn ctecl ; th
e prcial in ter es t fro m a n ar ·hit rctu r:1 1 s t:111d poi11 t. In or d er to provid e t he 11 ccrss:1 1y
pace
numb r of p e n " ·i tbin th e lin1it cd
:n·11il11hle a r ve n-sid ed bric k t l'll r tu r l' \1·it h
gin s bri ck lig h t ing sec ti o ns 11·ns h1 1il t. Otl wr
u1
u1
RR [I) (;£ .\T EXTH \ :STE TO C: L EN\\"()() I J P.u n:: \\' JJI C il
REP L .\ C ED .\ ONE- L.1:-.'E ST H L' CT l ' HE
,\·or k comple ted o n th e p nrk projec ts in cl ud ed
th e co n tru c ti o n o f fl :1gs t o ne wa lk :rn cl tn i:r,rnys , g rueli ng, a nd seed in g .
T h e mu n icip al g olf course, form erly a
pri ,.-ately -ownccl course t h a t 1rn s nc quired by
the ci t)· in HJ:3 0, rrrc ivccl nccd r cl imp roYem en ts throu g h a \\"P. \ proj ec t e mp loying an
a,·crage o f 4 ,5 men for 1.,1. mo n t l, s. T l1 C' m e n
in s ta lled a d r ai nage sy s t e m and a sp rin kler
sy s te m , r cloc a tcd t he 1 h oles a nd ltazarcls,
im proYccl t he fa irway s, I uil t be nch es, a nd
reco nd iti on ed t he cl u b a nd c:tdd y hou ses a nd
Th e co urse a nd its
a rn st ic fo o t-hr idg-r .
foc il itil's \1·e re uti lized by so m I o,OllO pc r,;o ns
in Hl:3 .
T he B ay Fron t s lo pe a dj o ini ng Ln kcs ide
Park a lo ng t he Eri e \\·nte rfro nt un t il rece ntly
h a.cl been used as a clump . T h i lope , \\·hi c h
is 70 fee t in d epth , \\·a ~ cl eared o f rnhhi s h ,
g-raclecl , a nd eecl ecl t h rnu g- h a \\T .\ p rn jcc t
sp o nsored by the city 's bu rcn u o f . t rcets.
T li r \\·or kcrs huil t a br ic k g u t Lr r a nd rxc:1,·a t,cd di tc hr s fo r t hr d 1·:1 i n:1.gl' o f l I1r t i1r cc
S E \ ' f-:X -~ il lE J) \ N I \ I \L I I O l .~ I•: (' OX ST Hl" C' TEll I X
I' \ l( K
U L E:S \ \
00 1>
82
REPORT OJ\ PHot:HESS OF T H E Wl'A PROUH.AM
A not her city-o wn ed
lope.
n the
acres
r ecr eatio na l nrca im1 roved by \YPA la bor is
th e Hl ½-:1,c re ll' ood ed tract in :.\ lill C reek
T o\,·n ·hip g ive n to th e cit.y irnd named Zuck
Pa.rk a ft or its donor. Although t he ar ea is
p ar t o( t he C ity Park Development Plan , lack
of muni cipal fund s h ad prove n ted t he co rwersio n of t hi s land into a park and rrc rrat io n
ground . \Yith t,hr aid of the \YPA , th r gwunds
have been grubb ed and g rnclcd ; and v:u iou3
athl etic a nd picni c faci Ii t ies, includin g horseshoe courts, a h:1,sch a ll diamond , a child ren 's
playg rou nd , pi cni c tn bl es, and firep laces, have
bee n co ns tructed . P rov ision fo r t he mainten a nce of the pn.rk has been made by t h e city.
Presque Isle Penins ula , which exte nd s in to
Lakr Erie to fo rm t he harbor of t he community,
hn s been pre, r r ved in its wild and nntural condition as a s tate park. \YPA work t her e hn s
been clesig nr d to fa('ilitate t he public ' u e and
enj o)' mcnt of its 3,±00 neres of wood lnnd ,
pond s, a nd be:1chcs. Among t be projrct :wtivitics condud rd on t he penins ula wer e th e
clcn rin g and g rnvelin g of JO mil es of fire trn ils
r igh t feet wide , t,hc b uildin g of 100 co mbin:ition
picnic tahlrs nnd hcnc hc , and the re novat ion
of two ha tl il1 0 1kCS and of 800 o ld t,ahl cs.
Project wo rke rs covered over 400 a cr es r em ovin g poiso no us vi nes nnd s hrubs (ivy, oak, and
s urn aC') a nd plantin g s hrubs and sn plin gs.
Th ey co nvr r tccl fallrn timber in to 100,000
board f et of Ium her a nd -! ,000 r-o rd s of firr\,·oo<l
for use in t hr pa rk.
An adm ini stra tion buildin g of ru s ti c <lrsign
wa s erectrd to ho use t he police headq11artr rs
and res t-room s, and parking nr ens wnr laid
ou t. Alon,., o ne of th e !)('ach es on thr la kc
side o f t he p nin s ula n. spcciillly desig ned boa rdwalk wns bui lt; durin g th e seasons \,·hen it is
not used as n brad1 prom en ncle thi, s tructure
cnn he turn rd over to co ll rct a nd hold thr snnd
t ha t would otJ1nwi e be wn s hed away. A not her
type of wo rk don e in th e pnrk was t he digging
of a, C'h annrl brtwccn two of th e pond s to
eliminate t he stag rrnnt co ndition of o nr of th em.
Among t hr ..\rP,\ projrds to improYr recreational f:wiliti es in Eric ilre t h ose irwolvin g
athktic firld s :rn I playgr ou nd s. Co nsid er:ible
work was unde rtaken at Erie P.t::iclium, which
bas a sent in g capacity of m·er 13,000 nncl is
u , ed for footbnl l, track, a nd field eYcnt b)' nll
thr high sch ool and for activ iti es of loC'a l civiC'
org:inizatio ns. T he tad ium w:1 s built i.n 192.S
o n iln earth fill. \Yater seeped throu gh join t
in t he c nnete and , when it fro ze, damaged
t hr , up] ort s upon wh ich the scats were buil t.
Thi s condition wa s rem edi ed by rr plil in g 1,200
<' Ubi c ya rd s of reinforC'ed c-onncte an I in ertin g s teel benm s to bra r t hr wri g ht o f t he entire
structure . WPA workers also laid a sid ewalk ;
co nstru cted s tep , eurbs, a nd drain ilge g u tter ;
renovnte l t he bleacher scats; nncl, il fter grn clin g
mid apply in g top so il and fr rtilize r , serded over
2G ,000 s tu n r e feet at t he sou th encl of t he fi eld.
At R oscvelt ,Junior Hi gh Sch ool, a grnnd . t:i nd and two bleac·h er h ave been er ected of
rr infor ced co ncr e tr to rr p lacc th e wood en
g rnnd s tnncl d es troved by fire in 1937. Indiv id 1wl fold ing grnnd s tand srnts- 1 ,640 in numbrr- have been in s tall ed ; loC'ker room s, sh ower ,
to ilrt s, drinking fountain s, ilnd s toragr s pn C'e
bui lt und er the gra nd tnnd ; and a pres box
built on th e roof. Th e hasrhall diamond , also
laid o ut by WPA worke rs, wi ll be use d in all
int cr-sc-110 01 gn m es and for thr ho me gnrn e of
t he Erie profe sional hasc hill l ten m , a m emb r
o f th e 1Iidclle AtlnntiC' Lrn g ue. Additional
work on t hi s proj ect inc-ludrs cons t.n1 ction of a
ed ion of conC're te wn ll , wirr frnC'in g, gates,
a nd il quHter-mile C'ind er runnin g track .
M any of th e ci ty's plnygr und s h ave bener
t
fi d by t he gra din g a nd ben 11tifying o f sC' hool
gro und und ertaken in an r ffo rt to kcrp th e
C' hildren from plil v in,.., in the s treets. A a
sn fr ty men s ure ncnrl)· 300 t rcrs o n or n eil r th e
ground were trimmed nnd t h r d ra d tr ees rem ovrd . A two-s tor>7 frnm c ho use on prop ert y
ndjo inin g t h e .Ton es P.rhool \V:l . rn zecl and th e
nrrn use d to ex tend t he p lnyg-rouncl .
Public Buildings
PuhliC' buildings projects in Er ir hnvr hee n
confinrd la rn:rly to improvr mr nt, mid r enovation. Th e work clone o n sr hool buildin gs h a
consisted chi r n~- of r esto rin g woochvork and
pla. trrin g, pninting \rn lL a nd (·r ilin gs, rrp11ttyin g doors and \,·ind ow. , :ind repo intin g briC'k
nnd tone work. Th e S(· hoo l di s trict warehou se r ece ived needrd miscc ll aneou improvemrnt in t h e form of in tr rior painting, m ovin g
of p:irtitions, dosing wind o" · openin gs, il nd
83
WPA PROJE TOPER TI NS I N SELECTE D AREA
WPA CONSTRUCTION WORK OF SELECTED TYPES IN ERIE , PA.
Through M arch 31 , 1 939
E
R
I
E
\..
:::.-:::~i.
[11'
:=U
1\1
l-1
I I ~HI
'
C, 6th l ,;.,.
~
'
r-,
=
21
I
S t.
\
11
I I
e---- ~
ti =;::::
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!
Ee=
=r==t=+
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11T !.I,
rq:-
I
1
••
[i
~i-++
i :
i
i
i=H 1~
--:---+-.
II
~- \
~I
~~
Erie Airport Built by WPA
~~
·•... ~
'•
'c-
---',;::
- -e
M ajor 11trffl resur111d nc
Stonn se we,. con11truC1ed b)' WPA
Sanitary se w ct"S constt"uc t ed by WPA
■
PubUc bu!ldlnc• com!itrueted br WPA
Public bu1ldlng11 lmpro"ed by WPA
....
re toring the roof. M iscell ane u improvement were m ade to th e interior of th e Erie
Public Library, an adjun ct to the city scho 1
ystem. An abandoned steam boiler and it
brick found~ tion were rem oved , and a wooden
floor wa cons tru cted to convert the boil er
room in to a book tor , ge room .
WPA work wa also perform ed on rn nny
other pub lic bui ldin ;s, botl1 city ai1d cou nty
tructures . Th e ·ounty courtl1 o u c nnd juil
were rehabi l it ated nnd part of th e yard wu s
conver ted int n payee] parki ng .1rcn . Th e
mayor' ofli
wn renova tcd and a wa 11 fence
built, around tl1 armory . A new concreteblock cl o ubl garage wa s erected nenr tli c Sti1tc
Fish H atch ery and Aquarium . La ck of city
funds h ad prevented adequate improv m cn ts
,.,.
to th e house in whi ch Commodore P erry lived
during the building of the Amer ican fl eet in
18 12, an historica lly importan t tru cturn in
Erie Coun ty th n t had been restored by the city
in 1923 as a rnemoriu l to th e Comm odore. The
necessary restoration work wa. completed
throu gh vYPA work.
The Penn yh ·an ia Soldiers' and Sailors'
H om e, occupyi ng a trnct of 1:33 acres at the
foot of A l Stree t ovrrl ook in g Prcsq1 1e Isle
Bny , house an nverugc of :3 .jQ war ,·cterans.
Throu gh a numhcr of ,YPA buildin g an l
gT0 1rncl s proj ects, all chimn c_vs, £ undut ion
wall , and other ex teri or briclrn·or k h ave been
pointed and loose brick re. c l ; window have
been
a ulkecl nnd \\"Cn t her- tripped ; roofs ,
elm inspouts, and o·u l tcrs h:n-e bee n replaced;
REPORT O.:\' PlWCRESS OF THE \\'P.\ PROGRAi\l
:rnd an ol I pi ggl' ry has been torn down :rnd
repla ced hy :1 hlrgl'l" well-dn1 incd cu1HTl't c
tructure . Otl1l'r projects at tliC' hom r hilYC'
pnn·idrd for tl1 l' hrnd srn ping of the ground s,
tree s urgery, and the installation of ,1 sprinkl er
sys tem for th e l:l\n1 s " -hid1 required tl1 r pln cPrn r nt of morr t it an t\\-o miles uf pipe and ewer
uon co nnertion s.
Thr Erie crn rnt)· h ea lth an d tuh('rculosis associat ion i' cos pon sorin g :1 \\"PA project propos('d
by t he county co mmi ss ioners to con v('rt tlt c
Loui . c ll ornc S:111atoriurn in .:\lill Cr('ck T ownsh ip into :rn in s titut ion for th e car e and ohsrryation of cl1 ild rc11 w ith sub-standard heal t h . T li e
home was ori g i,rn lly :1 farmhou (' on the estate
of n wea l thy rnnn who ga,-(' it to the tube rc ulos is
assoc iat ion about -10 )"Cars ngo for USC' in the
treatm ent of nctiYr pu lrnonar)" tuhl'rc ulosis.
Since t h e reccn t comp le tion of n ne\1- county
h os pita l for this pu r pose, t he Louise Il omc l1:1 s
not hc<'n in us<'. T h e 1YPA is construct ing a
one-sto ry frnrnr nddition and t\1-o dormitory
win g , nnd nm kin g irnproYement s to th e existing
bu ild ing, inclu d in g t h e construction of a b:1 scment under th r ntirc s tru ctur e. T h e g ro 11n d s
a r e to be lnnd sc npccl :ind n cinder road \\·:l)" nnd
pa rk in g nr ca cons tru cted . \\"h en com pl ctcd ,
th e horn (' wi ll not onl)- h :we n h ous in g capnc ity
of more th an 50 c hild ren, " -ith sepnratt' win gs
for ho:vs and g irls, hut " -ill also contai11 adequate
sc h oolroom pnce _
Professional and Service Work
Sewin g nnd w h ite colbr projects in Eric h nYe
proYidcd a suhs t,rntinl frn ction of total \\" P..A
employment :rnd ,1 l:n gc sbnre of employment
for " -omen . T li e nu rnhcr of wonwn ,1ssigncd
to jobc in sewin g room s nlon e h:1 . CXC<'t'dcd :iOO
durin g rn uc h of t he )·C:l r e ncl in g _;\ l:1rcl1 :3 1. I n:rn;
t hi s tot:1] dors not induclc t l1 e mnny \\"Om en
fro m E r ic \\"ho were " -o rkin g on th e 1Y rs lcyYillr sc\\-i11 g p roj rc-t, just outside the city limit s.
0Ycr :300 pC'rso 11s \\-ere cmplo)·cd 0n tb(' v :1 riou s
locnll)'-spo nsor cd profcss ionnl and S('rYicc projecL durin g m os t of tl1 (' )·c:n and :30 to •10 (preclorninntely professio nal \\-ork er s) \\-('re cngngcd
on th e Feclcrnl art prog ram . Approx imntclf
70 crnp lo)·ccs \\-er e " -orkin g in leadership ca pnciti c on tllC' rcn rnt ion nnd eclucntion prog ram s,
a nd a muller grou p , :fferag in g about 20 per-
so ns, di s tributed ·tu·1 lu cornrnocl itic from t h e
s t:1t e \\"arebouse in Erie to nc<xl)- pC'rson in tbe
city and its em-irons.
T .,BLF
'.!
1. - Xu~IBER OF PEnso:-1-, ,,: ~1PLOYED 0'1 \\"P _\\1ED Pm,.,E< r,-, , BY Typi,, ,-, OP P ROJECT"
Orb:ll
:_\ I \RC'IJ 22. Hl:{tl
To1al
Type of ProjeC'l
I
Total '
PuhliC' buildings
___ _
I. 303
,1
Park ~ and other recreational facilities
Se" er s ,·stems
Sa111tation nnd health
17:?
179
,\ [en
680 I
81
\\·o men
623
_ ---
172
179
25
25
13
25
38
E<lueatiiin
Herreati<,n
__
30
30
_ --------------------=l=i=
191
127
:m,
Professional and serdce
Housekeepin g aide
_____ __________ _
_______________ _
llis torienl research
___________ _
Draille
_______ _
F ederal l'roject Xo . I
s _____ _
record
public
of
Installation
Other
.. ew111g
____ _
l >istribution of surplu s commodities
:
130
r,s
14
30
31
IS
--,-~o
10
2s
28
26
26
16
4
5
=
=
19
415
22
4
' Does no• include the 2.-122 men employed on the state highway
projec·t or the 2 ~ ~ persons employed on .\I Ill Creek Towns hip a.ad \\"es leyv1lle proJect s, a ppro:\inrntely three-fourth s of the worke rs in these groups
were Erie res idents.
Sewing Rooms
T wo-t hird of th e 600 wom en em ployed in
Eri c 011 WPA projects d urin g th e las t wee k in
\ I :1 rch l 930 were engaged in e\\·in g ga rme n t
for d is tri bu tion to needy p ersons. R oom , ,
sup p li es , and eq uipment for th e fiYe uni ts
opcrnt in g in E ri e h aw been su p plied la rgely
oopcrn t in g loca l ch :1 rita blc organizat ions,
I )'
sch ools, :111d ch urc hes. 1n l\\-o la rge rooms at
t l1 c s t:1tc soldi er ' and snil o rs' !t om e work i
carried 011 in two shifts to obtain t he maximum
use of t h e elec trica ll)- clri,-cn machine .
IY rk in th e sewin g rooms has in clu ded t he
f 21 3, 000 ga rment s and oth er
product ion
nrt iclcs nm! the r('non1t io11 nnd rcpnir of do11:1tcd clot hin g nn d h ou se hold furni s hin gs fo r
dis tri bu tion to f,mulies cert ifi ed as in need b)·
t he s tatr dcpnrtment of pub lic ass is t:rncc mHl
to public in s titut ions. Uniforms fo r th e hou sekl'epi11 g .1i(lcs :ilso \\-ere m:i d e on th e cwing
projects. From scrnp m,1tcrinls t he \\"Omen
h:n·e made cloth tO)" , ra g rug' , and oth er
hous hold a r ticles. P roducts of t he ewmg
rooms nre se nt to th e " -n rc house, ma inta in ed
in Eric b)· th e s tnte clepn r tmcnt of I ubli
:1 ssis tance , from " -hicb th ey, toge th e r " -ith ur-
5
\\. PA PRO J E CT OPER.\ TIO X , I .\" i'>ELECTE D AREA
plu. co mm dities, a r
employee .
dis t ribu te d by \\'P},_
Education and Recreation
Th re l,1tio11sl1ip be l\1·ce 11 tli c· rcerc:1ti0n nnd
th e adult educ.1tion ,H:ti\·it ics of th e \\ PA in
Eri c ha been close. Sch ools. chmchcs, ciYic
or<Y,111iz,1tions, ,11l ll cit)· ofli cinls lt :n ·c coo pNate<l in pro\·idin g s p,i ce for mee tin gs o f th e
recrca tion,11 and cdu cntional g roups, m,1kin g
-!:2 en te r aniihible for th e \\·or k. ActiYitics
un der t he two progr,1m h,1 Ye bee n Y,Hicd.
with a man~, us :2 75 different gro u ps totalin g
:3,H 2 participants bein g upc1T i cd in plann ed
recrea tio n or in edu ca tion cln s ' es (, uch as n:1turali zation. public affa irs, ,·oca tion nl trninin g ,
pre- ch ool, and ge nera l ,Hlult edu c:1tio11 ) by tli c
73 ,YPA lead e rs employed durin g ::\ l urch l fJ:39.
Cb e in li tera cy nncl n:1turali zntion a re
pro vin g o f pn rticulnr importn nee since a con id rn bl portion of th e po pub ti on ,1 re fo reign
bo rn or children of foreign -bo rn pnre nt s. Le,1der elec ted wh en eve r possible from t l1 e s,1m e
n a tionality group as th e enrolle es ,1id th em in
obtain in g record s n ecess,n~· fo r n:1tur,1lizn tion
pnpers :1 s well n, in struct th em in th e r udi.Jn c nt s
of th e En glish l,rngun ge nnd in th e pri Yilcgrs
and respon ibiJi t ic of citizens hi p in t heir new
homel.rnd . After nnturnlizn tion, th e- new r itizen are cnco ur:1ged to enroll in cb sscs in pub li aff:1irs to ac qu ,1int th em, cln•s m o re l'ull _,.
\\7t h loc,11 , nationnl, a nd int ern ,1 tion ,il eve nt s.
On e of the mo t popu lar nm ong t he- g-e nl' rnl
adult edu cation classl'S is t lw s,1i'l' driv in g
chool. 8ponsorr d b)· a loc:1 1 safr driYin g
hoo l council , in coo1w rnti o11 \\·ith t lH' 1'<' 1111 )·lvn ni a ~Jotor P olic<' .rncl th P O<n-<•rn o r's
Higlnrn)· Sa.frty Col1n cil , th e sr l1ool gin s
twen t)· how · of cb s. roo m ins t ruc tion in tr,1fli c
problem mid dri\· in g tec h niq11(' a nd a t il',1 s t
t\\·cnty h ours of prac ti ce' driv in g in c.Hs Pqu iprwd
uc h e n s :H<' 1'11 rni sl1 <·<i b)·
with dun ! c-o nt rols.
,ariou ti utorn otin • d<'nl er;:: in or 1wa r E riP. 13)·
~forch J 03\:l , 13 1 <· nrnll <'<'S h:1d lwco 111<' li cc• nsc•<i
operato rs sin ce tlH· seh ol O])l' IH'd t hP precc •d in g
August.
P nrt icipnnts in tl1 r \YP.\. rc·r rc•nti on .1 c t iYit il's
ha,·r hO\\·n gr<',1 t in tr res t i 11 mu sic. D II rin g
1'1 a rch 1%\l t lwn• " ·en ' 05 orri H's trn :111 d el1 o rnl
gr up co mprisin g rn orc th a11 700 pP rso n , most
2111 ~77 - -~11- -7
of \\~hon1 h:ul hnd no prpy jous Pxp rri cneP in
orcl1 <'s lrn l o r cl1 o rnl \\·or k. Oth er n•rrc•.1tio1w l
activili l's uncl <•r t it <' k a<i l' rship of \\' P.\. wo rkers dr.1111:tti c g ro u p , linnclicrnf t wo rk, a nd
various s po rt s, s uc- 11 :l so ft b:111 , squ ash. swi111 mi.n g , :rnd Yo lle)· bu ll- ., l o have lwc n of \·,i\11 <'
in d l'VC' io pin g tlw ·,1 p11citil', of th e parti eipan t
in crc,1ting IH' \1· lcis ure-ti.rn ' intt'n ' ts.
Clerical and Service Projects
Proj c·cts ope rat ed prim ,Hily to prov id e' C' mpl oy nw nt for cleric.ii and ot l1 cr 11 011pro l'l'ssio11 .d
\1·hi tc, collM wo rk ers ha \·e co Yc •rcd n \,·id r
vari r t)· of wor k. [lo usc kcepin g aiclrs h,l\'C
g i,·cn ternpon1 1y help to l \\·-in ome fami li es in
tun • r cnwrgC' ncy . Y oun g women h:n·l' b('(' n
train ed for I1ouse \1·ork positions in priYa te
li m es U1rough tli e liousehold service d em ons tra tion proj <•ct. As mnn) as 4:21 vo lum es
ha w been trnn sc rilw d into Braill e for blind
re.Hiers. \\' P,\. nurse hn n · ,, ssis tr d regul :1r
sch oo l nu rses in examinin g schoo l childn•n, in
ndmin is tNin g immuni za tion trcn t m en ts, :1 nd in
notifyin g pnrent of remcdi nbl c ph ysicn l <il'frc t
disco vl' red in tlH'ir cl1il clren.
C!Prical \1·o rk c·rs on boo km r ndi ng proj ects
han' n' nOY,,ted mo r(• th:rn 30 ,000 books and
catnlogNI 6,7 00 vo lwn cs u1 city .rnd co u11ty
, c hoo l librnri c• , in tli c col!rth ouse, nnd in tl1 c'
librnr)· of UH' s tnte solclins ' and snil ors' home.
\' a riou kind s of cit)' and co unty rec ord s and
docunw nts h a,· c bN' n ort ed and ,,talog<'d , nnd
bot l1 en gi11e erin g a nd a rch eol ogica l
lllTey
- h nn• been uncl ert:ik cn . S0111<• of t he morl'
7
pa
ND
,_
JNIJARVLB!O
ONO,-
c o::-.;TH .\ ~T
l!ETII 1-: ~: , l' l. l! L IC HEC' OHDS llEF<>lrn
.\ FTEH llE XU\- \ TIOX
1:--1,
REPO RT 0 .\" PH,O( :H ESS OF 'l'H E WP .\ PRO(;IL \M
impo rt :rn t o f lli< ·S<· proj<•cts a r<' d esn il )('d in
tlH' fo ll ()\\·ing p:1 rag r:1 pli s.
\\'o nH' n ser vi11 g ns J1 ou sek l'l' pi11 g a id <•s :1n·
in . t rn rl <'d a l t r:1 i11 i11 g C<.' 11 t ers i11 nwt l1 od s of
d o in g hou sl'h old wo r k u nd er tlw cond it io ns lli e.v
en rou n l Pr i11 t hr honws to whi ch th c•y :1n•
nssig 11 r d . Th l' u ua l sil11:1tion in th e hom es
th e., · <'11 l l' r is a sick mot li er or 11 mn l<•rn it)TC' :lSl' in
n fo mil)· tlt nt is not fi 11 :rn r iall!T :1bll' to hire lh l'
help ll <' <'drd fo r o rdi11 :1 l')' \\·ork of rlra ning, cookin g, a nd g r tti11 g ll H· childr en r ead !· fo r sch oo l.
Orr11 sio na ll v , hom•n r, th e fa rnili r ' to whic h th e
a id<•s :11'<' assig rw d up on r rc omnH' rHla tion o f
npp ro\'C·d social a g r 11 cil's foc<' s p<.'c ia l pro b lem s
of lo ng <" r " t:1nd i11 g. lllu s trativl' of th l' k ss fr l'q1 1c' 11l l_,· <•ncountl' rl'cl situat ion s is th e h o nw of
two sc hoolb oy wh o, although ob t:1ini11 g high
grn d r s in tl1 r ir s tu di es, (':llll l' to sC" h ool un kl'lllpl
a nd 11 1Hi<' l'll 011 ri s lH'cl . Jn n ,s tigat ion d isc-losl'd
th at t h<' bo:rn \\' l' fl ' mo tl H• r less , t hat t l1 1•ir di l't
con . is l<·d nlmos l <·nt irdy of u n cook ed foo d , th at
th <•)' hathl'd in fn,qu ent l!·• an d l l1<1t th e h ome
wa s seld om . if <'Yl' r . rl l'nrw d . T h l' h ou se kc•l' pin g
nid e :1 ss ig rw d l o this ho m e n ot o nly c- k:rn <•d tl1 <'
h ou se but nlso t.lll gl1 t t he bovs lo rnok t l1 l'ir
fo od , :il t c• rHI lo t hc·ir j)('['Sonal clc:rn lin ess, :111 d
kr<'p til l' ho11 s<' i! l o rd e r.
\\" PA l! ()l, ,; J.: J;:EEl' I '-<: \ I I> ~;:,; HE< "E t n :,,: J?\ ,iT H Cl" l'I U.,_S
.I T TH .\l ?\ ! X<: ! ' EXTE H
U ornw li o ld ,;c •n ir !' d l' mon s t r a tion \\·ork wn .
c- o nd rn·ted in I \);3,-; o n :1 rC'lated type of p rn jl'c l.
T h rou gh t his ki ne! o f :1diYity :30 girl s from E ri e 's
r elid ro lL ,1·<•tT tr:1 i1wd for positio ns in priY:ltl'
lionws . F.: ighl l'<' n in t lH' g rou p g r:1dm1tecl :in cl
12 ,1·1•n · pl:tr(•cl i11 pri,·nt r r m ploym rnt . Tlw
[l':l i11i 11 g of anot l1<•r grou p of l(i ,1·,1 s b egun in
,J t1 nl' I !):3~l . Trn inc'l'S n 'C(• in • ap p roxinrntt,]:v a
ld f o f tlw ec11ri t)T \\' ,l g (' p a id to un skill ed
\ 1 orkl'rs .
A B rn ille projc•ct on whi ch somr 40 w or kers
h ,tY<' bee n ('mplo_Y('(l is o f p a rtic u ln r inter es t.
Tl1 l' n r :1n 's t ourc r of b oo ks for blin d pro pl r in
E ri (' was th e Ca rn eg ie Lib ra r y in Pi t tsburgh .
Even th er e, th e r hoic of mn l c•ri a l wn s lirnitr 1.
Th e 42 1 y o)urn r s tha t 1YPA e mp loyers h a d
lrnn scrilw d in to Brnill<' hy April rn::rn a nd h o und
fo r fr <'l' di s tributi on t o th <' hlinll of EriP Count y
\\' l' r<' S(' il'c t r d for tran sniptio n o n th e b a i of
r eq u es t s m a d e hy th e blind a t lorn l libr,nirs.
Tl w total com pris<'cl 33..J. Yolum rs of fi c tio n , ,5,5
,·olunw s o f no nfi c tio n (in cludin g srn'ral tex thooks nnd a cook book ). fi ,·olum r s of p oem ,
nnd 26 Yolurn es of h ort s to ri r ::in d a rticl (' . .
Th ou san d of Y:1 lt 1:1 hle cl o<" urn en ts :rnd ph o tog raph s b elon ging t o th e Eric Co unty His torical
~oc ie ty th a t \\·er e s t:1 rked m o pen boxe
th rou g hou t t he Old C us tom , H o u e we re
C' ican r d , sort ed , cnt al ogecl , nnd filed by WPA
worke rs in 1936. A ron solida ted loose-le af
led ger ind ex o f th e 3fi ,000 n a turali za ti on
rec- ord s in th e co un ty w as prep a r ed and n n ew
fi le o f pet itions tra n snihr d . O ve r 380 ,000
rr('o rd s in the coun ty rn urth ou se \l' C'l'C' ind exed
:1 11(] rrfilrtl and a re b ein g e ffi cien tly maint a ined
t h ro ugh a S)Ts t em , es t a bli sh ed b)r co urt order,
for t h e ir " ·it hd r a \,·al an d r epl acement . Sin ce
mos t o f th e ln rge r ecord hooks fi led in t he
rc(·ord e r's o ffice \\·er e h a dl :v worn and could
not hr r e plac ed , p r ojec t empl oyr s m end ed
:m d r e h ou n d th em . Th e c-odi firn ti on of t he
c- it!· building r eg ula tion s , nrncle by WP.A
wo rkers, is I eing use d ro ns t:mtl y in t h e con s iderat ion of ap plirn ti on s fo r con s tr uc ti on pe rmit s. :1ncl an index file o f nil exis tin g building
pr rn1it s in th e ci ty is in prep a rati on .
. \. co un t)·-sponso rr d project fo r th e es tabli s hm en t o f a ra r cl s~·s tern fo r t ax rec ords has
res u lt ed in a g r rnt saYin g o f tirn r in th e co unty
t reasurer 's offi ce . Prior to Hl :3fi, records of
de lin q uent taxes " ·ere co pied in large tax doc ket
hoo ks :rn d tr an m ittecl to th e count)' trras m r r
l'o r coll ection . 1Yith legis lation p :i ssr d during
t he clrprr ssion to p os tpone tax-snl es :rncl permi t
p:1n nen t o f delin q uent t nxrs in ann ua l ins t allments O\'C' r a p e ri od of .v r:1.rs , th e numbe r of
WPA PROJ ECT OP ERATIO, 8
dock et. n eces,ary to con tain th ese re('o rds
in reuse d from one in J!.1 29 to eig ht in I \J:Hi.
Eac h Oc tober, " -h en payment he(':ime due ,
taxpayer , toocl in line fo r h urs whil e e:w h of
the eigh t reco rd books was earc li ed to ,1 s(·r rtnin
all h:1ck taxes b efore a r ece ip t fo r pay m en t
c 1ild be iss ued .
\YPA projec t work er. inst:1llecl a e:ud system
containing u, card fo r eac h prop e rty own e r on
which i, a record of hjs tax paym en ts over a,
pe riod of ten years. Under this sys tem th e
svera ge time required to comp ute the amount of
b:ixe. pay:1 hie ,ms r edu ced from over ha 1f an
ho ur Lo less th an fin minutes and the possibility of owrlooking item. \\·as r lirnin ,1.ted.
Th e coun ty h a permanently rntn in cd on e of
the proj ect employees a s upenisor of th e
cl erks wh o post th ese r cord .
Under ano ther tax pr ject property id entifi ca tion m aps and an index showing th e locn tion
and ar ea of every parcel of proper ty in th e
c unty nre being prep ared f r th e 11. e of th e
coun ty engin eer and assessor. \VP A workers
nl so have ins talled systems for taking a.nd
maintaining inventories of th e equipm ent ,
property , nncl supplies o wned by p ublic intit uti n . Th ey have prepared a ca rd index
of all births, den th s, and marriages taking pin.re
between l 20 and 1906; thi index is bnsed on
ba ck fil es of local ne,vspapers, the only so 11rce
of uch info nn:1 ti on been.use the P enn s)rl v::rnia
Vital Sta ti ti s Act was not passed until 1906
and nll co urth u e records had b een des troyed
by fire nca.r th e encl of the n inrteen th cen tury.
Among th e o ther projec t nct i vit ies were se,·ernl engineering SUIYC)'S uch as th e t ract line
st ud ? of the m etropolitn.n :w en, o f the ci ty which
iden tified the almost comple tely obli terated
tract line and co rners esta blished at t he time
of the original purch ase of th r land . Th e
finding of the trnct urwy foc ili t: te th e dete rmination of th e ,·a.lidi ty of titlrs, t he making of
. ubclivisions, and oth er s urv eyin g nnd m a ppin g
work. A topogrnp hic s urYe_,- of Presque l le
P enins ula and B ay aids in the planning of mo re
adequat e rire protect ion, r efo res tat ion , reco rd ing of ripn. rian growth , an l t\1 ly of ero ion of
hore line.
Of partic11lar in ter est to hi torian nnd
archeologi ts are a group of proj ts spon sor ed
by the coun ty and tb e tat hi torical commis-
I;-{
8ELECTED AREAS
87
sion for th e col lection of info rm ation concerning the e,1 rly hi, tory of Ji; rie nnd it 1wiron:-;.
Thr work h as includ ed eng ineering and archeologica l urvcy , exc:n ·a tion of sites of Indian
reli cs, and extensi\·e re en rc h in ra.rly F rench
and English doc um ent s.
SeYeral unit s of N:1Lio n-wid e projects ha,·e
operated in Eri . Employees o n th e Federal
, rit ers' projrct co mpil ed :\ ci ty and county
g uid e, nssemblccl loc nl mate rinl for t he state
g uide , a nd nssis tecl in prepnri11 g m a ps , pamp hl ets , and r eports. Eight ee n m usiein n , ernplo:vecl on t he Fe lcr nl mu sic project, hn.ve
giYCn approximately 600 free co ncert in the
sc hool , parks, pu l lie in s tituti on , and 011 the
rndio. Clerical \VOrkers r ngngrd on the SlllTey
of his torical r ecord s prepa r ed an im·en tory of
the coun ty nrchi-ves and c,1tal ogecl newspaper
holdin gs, manu script collect ion s, and m ap
located in th e public library. l\lcasurements of
3-! bistorica l buildin gs were obtained by " ·orkers
on an his toric American building s urvey und ertaken to make ta ncl anl archit rc t,ural drawin gs
fo r tran smission , toge th er with pbotogrnphs,
to th e Fine \..rt Division of th e Library of
Congr ess.
Th e project \\·or k initi nted in Erie by the
WPA ha s r efle cted th e p articu lnr n eds of the
community during th e period fr m l 935 t o
19:39.
Emplrn sis given th e con trnction of
storm and sanita r)r sewers r esu l ted from the
potential danger th a t fl oodi ng- of the exis ting
sewers of the citv wo uld cause, from th e need
for segr ega ting th e s torm nnd snnitn 1y sewage,
nn I from th e h ealth m cnn ce origin ating in
areas not ser ved by th e s:1 nit:1ry ys tern.
Th e rx tcn si H s treet irnpro,"cm ent work that
h as been cl o ne, part ic ulnrl~- th e res urfacing in
t he bu sin ess sec tion, h as contribu ted both to
t he co mfort of m otori sts and to th e sightlin ess
of t l1 c s treets.
Tl1 e airport clc,,elopm en t work repre. ents
anot h er kind of demand fo r proj rct prosec ution.
in this case th e r e ult of increa ing relinnc e
upon air transportation.
Th ese an d oth rr kin ds of con tru ct ion work
an d th e wl1it e coll ar and sewin g ro m activ it ie
that h n.vc been carried on in Eric h a,,e th ir
co unt erparts in th e \VPA program of mo:-; I
REPOH'I' ON l'HO(:J-U:: ss OF T H E WP .\ PRO ·,RA M
r it irR . Th r rr l:1 ti q, i111po rtn1 H·e of c•:1 <"11 t~·pr of
prnj rC'l in l•~ ri t• . lto,,·en• r, h:1 ,; drprnded 011 t hr
speC' ifiC' IH't'd" of t he city ,111d thr oecupnlio 11 11 l
,;k ill ,; of 1111en1plo:n•d Erir 1n>rk ers assigned to
th e prngrn 111 . Tlt c> r 11tirr \\"PA progr:1m of
projt'C't 11·or k l'or t hr unrmployNl ha s brrn
,;uppknwnl rd i11 l•:ri r h_Y ,1 li mit ed :1mo1111t of
work prrforrn cd 011 project oprrntrd by other
l•edernl ng-rncies (mainly. t he Cu:1s t Guard
:rnd tlt r Bmraus of Labor ' tat i tic a nd of
l11 lerna l R c1·enue) for the emplo_nn nt of r lief
wor kt•rs, and by th e program of th r X ational
Youth a\drnini s tration an l th e Ci,·ili1111 Con cr,·11tio11 Corps cond ul't cl f r you ng pro ple.
EMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYEES
UNDER THE WP A
thr fiscnl
t hr
putt rn of \\"P.\ cmplo~·rnenl durin g thr ,nnr.
l'n lcr the bmcrgc ncy Rclirf .\.p propria.tion .\ ct
of Hl3, , :in employment 11Ycr:1gc of :1huut
2, 00 ,000 perso ns 1va, con tc 111pla ted for t he f-i r;;l
eight month s of t,he ~·car. Th e :lC't prm·idcd ,
howcYer , that if some cxt r:w rdin ,ny enH' rgenC"y
or unu s ual ci rcu mstancr :1rosr wlii r h li :td not
heen :111ticip:1ted at t he beg innin g of t l1 c fi scal
year, the l res ident migl1 t w:1in' t he rcquirl'd
di tribution of fu nds o...-er th e eig ht monLli s :ind
horten the per iod hy ,ls muclt as one nwn( l1.
, uch shortenin g of th e period hec:1,rne nc'c·ess:1 ry
h1l'ge ly a :1 result of four cleYelo 1,mrnts : t lw increa c, prior to t hr p:1 ss:1ge of t l1 r :1cl, in tiH'
number of un emp loyed person s :1w:1iting :iss ig nment Lo \\'P.\. project 1rnrk ; t he uhseq11rnl
o-ro\\'t h in th e numbe r of un elllp loyecl 11·li n 11·e.rc
in need aftrr t hey had exl1 :111s ted their priY:1l r
resou rces nnd unernpl(>)'lllrn t c·ompr 11 sat,ion
paymrnts ; the hurricrne in ~<' 11· l~ngland: and
the adYcrse efl'ect of t ltr fo rc'ign s ituation on
prices of cotton and ce rtain ot her c•ofllnwdili<'s
enteri ng into t he world m:1rk el. \\' ith tli r
eight-month peri od c ut to scYen month s :111
aYerag emp loyment of about :3.200 ,000 11·:1s
po ihlc . .\. pprnp ri at ion s for the remaindrr of
the ~-rar (Publi c R eso lution No. l , 7filli C'on gre s, approYccl H'ehr11:u·y -! , l ~J:30, and Pub lic
R e olution To. 10 , 76th Con g rrss, appro1·rd
.\pril 1:3 , 1030 ) prnYided for t hr omploy1nt'nt of
a little less than :3,000,000 \\' P.\. 1rnrkrrs until
,\.pril I and for ,1, succrssiYr ly redu ced numb er
llOPIUAT,o:-s;; to t li r \\"P .\ for
TyearAPPendin
g in .Jun e rn:rn d rtr rrnin<'d
11 E
in each month t hPrC':tftrr until :l total slllalle r 1,y
-!00 ,000 1rn s rr:1 cl1 ed in .l unr . The \rP.\. p111plo~' ment for ll'hiC'h prm·ision ,m s rnnd <' i11 t l10
:1ppmp ri ation s includrd :l-11 :1Yer:1ge ol' rnu gJiJ ~,
100 ,000 1n,rkers on Fr d ern l :1.ge nc_v project s to
he /in:1 nced wit h Lr:rnsfrr rcd \\' P.\. fund s .
Trends in WPA Employment
1
Fo ll llll'i11g clo;;c• ly tl1c· f(C'1H' 1·al pattrrn prnvicled for by the :1pprnp ri :1ti011 s, ernplo)·ment 011
projeC'ls fi11:rnC'ed wit h \\'PA f1111d s rnse i11
the firs t four lllll11th ;; of the fisC':1' : ·c•:1r l'rnm
ne:1rl~· :3,000.000 11·orker;; to :1 p<':lk of nhout
:3.3.i0 .000. B~· t li r c'1Hl of Dt'C'<' mlwr tlil'
total number r mplo~·ed h:1d f:1llr11 to :3.100,000 .
This was 11ol f:1 r l'rnrn tli e :3, 000.000 lcn,J th.it
11·as s uhs t:rnt inll~· mni11tni11rd U11lil e:1 rl ~· .\. pril
1939. B)· t ho ern l or the fi sen l ) ' l':H, l11 n1·r 1·r r,
-;u ·cl's;;i1·e r<'duc-tio11 s rneh mo11th h:1d hrn tlf( id
to 2/i :i I ,000 (ns of .J u11r 2~ , 193~) ) t he 1111 tnll<'r
nf p<'rson s :ll work 011 \Y P A-r-il1:rn(·ed projec-t :--.
The total nt the C'lose of tlH' :·cnr represented
:1 dr('linr ol' :ihout :-S00.000 l'rnm tit<' ~-l'nr 's
JW,l k :rncl of 01·er -!00.000 from the :,., I :1 r<' li
fi ~11 rr .
Proj<'cl s <> iH'r:1lc'd hy the \\' P.\ s uppli(•d hy
l':1r the' l:Hgr;;l sl1:1rc pf the ernploynH' nl (()tal
tliroug-lwul thr _l't':\r . ,Jobs pr01·id ecl by ol,IH'r
l•'e de rnl ngencics on prnj ects si.rni l:1r in t_ypr to
thos of the \YI >,\ ,rnd ti11,11H· d h)' t hr \YJ> .\.
fund s tnrn s l'<' rrrd 1111der Se<'!ion :3 of thr ~: I-< .\.
1
l >e1a11t~d dn t a
011
t'III J1ln> n 11.•11 t a re ~ho\\11 i11 Tahle~ l I\'
or
the
' !)
90
F THE WPA PROGRAM
REPORT UN PROGRES
T .\131, E 2.5 .-
; \ l ' \IB F:H OF P ,:R>-OX>- F: '1 P I OYE!l
OPEH .\'l'EO P1H1.1E< 'T>'
F
OTll~~R
\XO \YP _\ - F1 X\'- <'R ll
mum of npproximntcl.,· 140,000 during tbe final
quarter.
1lore th an :3,2 70 ,000 per ons \\'ere working
on projects opcrn ted by th e W PA at th e p eak of
th e year 's :1ctiYitie . This n umber includ ed
emergency workers engaged in the r ehabili tation work n ecessit ated by th e New En°-land
burricnne nod iloocl of Septemb er 193 , as well
a mnny ten<mt formers nnd farm la borer in
the outh " ·ho e sm all in comes in fl poor y ar
" ·ere being s u pplcmented by a limited amount
of WP.A. employme n t. After No,·em ber , employment on W P .\ -opernted project leclinecl
to th e win te r 's t1Ycr:1 p:c of about 2,900 ,000 worker s tha t w:1 s uhstantin ll:· maintained until the
encl of i\lnrch . R eel uctions during the r emainder of th e yenr br o ug ht the tota l number employed on projects opemtccl by the 1YPA clo,,'11
to 2,421.000 at the encl of June. At this tage
in the decline the munber of W PA worker
" ' a smaller than at nny time during the pr c ding 1 - month s. (See Chart-! .)
ox \Yl'A P1 w J E<"J"
FEllEH \L .\ r:E'\'< I E:<
\YP .\ ·
Total
3, 0,\3, 32 7
:J, 171, l',4
3, 22-.... 0-..2
3. 34fi. lO,
3, 2'-,fi, .i92
3. 0\13, , ss
July 21
Au gust 31
E:eptemher 2""1
Oetoher 2H
Xo,emher :io
Deremher 2~
Operated
Projects
ProJCC'lS
or Other
~-e<lera l
\ genries
~fi. -Hl.l
,",,), 122
YI, .C..i i
2, 9fifi. '-:32
3. OS.1, j1 i2
:t 13/i. :10[1
3. 2:>:l, ti23
:3. 19'.i.fif,:-.
3, 1102. 241
2. lh-1
't?. \1;~--4
!11 ,til -1
19>.4
Januarv :?fi
Fehrwin· 22
2, 9',5, 620
:l. 043, 36,
2, u. . o, -172
2, 7fi0, !l:l9
J\farrh 2Y
.\.pri l 2H
i\ Ia, 3 1
2, ',Y9, 6;3
2,55 1,41b
June 2 ~
1HI,
2. "-19,i, 12:i
2. <Jf>;), 022
2 . ....-...2, i22
2, fi2V. :H-1
2, -1 5i. ~IOL
2. 420. i 11
19,i
"'· :3 15
Oi, 7,10
121. ~2.i
141, i72
1::m, ,,,,
Art of 193, repre se n te<l. rou ghly , from 3 to ,5
percent f the tot,11. The number of .F'edernl
:1genc:v w rkers fluctuatecl ,1rounll 90,000 during
t he fir t n in e months nf th e :·enr. ln nen ses in
April nnd :'.\by brought their number to a m:1xi-
CHART 4
EMPLOYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS
Through June 1939
MILLIONS
OF' PERSONS
4
MILLIONS
OF' PERSONS
4
3
3
2
+-i---4--+--
- - , - •{
-,-+--
,.
1
I
1r
I
WPA • OPERATED
~
II
I
L lLOYME ~ T I ON
2
PROJECTS
+ +
11 TT Ir11 ~,I I
1
II
O ' - - ' - - - - ' - -- ---'-.,____,L..J.-'---'-- ~ - - - - ' - --'-...!.,._-'-- - - - - - - - - ' - --'--...!.,._!......J.-'---__, 0
J
ASOND
1935
JF"MAMJ
JAISON
1936
O
JfMAM
J
JAS
1937
OND
JF"MAMJ
J
1938
AS
O
NO
Jf
M
AMJ
JA
SO
ND
1939
WPA
329-&
91
El\l PLO YME:S:T .\ :S: D E ;\I P LOYEER L' :S:DER T H I£ \\'P A
T he expan sion in \YP "\ e m ployment \\·hic h
hrga n in Octohr r 1 ~l:3 7 nnd r u l111 inatr d a .vra r
l11ter i att rihut a hle p rim,1 ril., · to t he un (' rnploymen t ituation which d rn·loprd a ft e r t lH'
reYrrs:1 1 in bu s in ess conditio ns t h:1t orc urrr d
in th r lnttcr h a lf of 1!1:3 7. :.\ l n.ny o r t he \\'orkC'l'
who lrn,cl lo, t, the ir jo bs \\·hen co ndi t io ns g n '".
wor e d uring t li r 9 or 10 mo nt h, end in g "it h
June 19:3 \\'er e ab le to s upport t hr m, rh·cs fo r
a tim e on t he ir pri Ya te rcso m-ccs a nd t l1c ir
unemploy men t com p ensa t ion 1m y mc n ts in r :1scs
wher these \\·ere clu e ; but t he cx h:1.ust io n of
ucb r es ur es later forced t he \\·o rkc rs lo
app ly f r aid a nd u ltim a te!)· noccs. it a lcd a
large expan io n o f t he \YP_\ prngTam. Thi s
influence wa of p rin1:w)· impo r tnnce in tl 1r
upward tr end of t he \YP.\ emp loymen t Lotal
un til la t in t h e ca lendar )' enr HJ:3 . Pa r t of
the upswing, h m1·e,·er , and pn rlicula rl)· th:1 t
taki ng pine dm ing ,Ju l)· a nd ,\ ug 11 s t rrf lrdrd
the proY ision of jo bs for n eedy 1rnrkers w ho
had p re viously been engag ed in oth er F cd t' m l
work and co nstnrct ion act iYit ir s . Nu ch p ers11 ns
probahl)' acco un ted for r o ug hl)' 100 ,000 of th r
r i e du rin g tb e latr s ummer mo n t hs of l 0:38.
T he hurri can e i n N ew E ngla nd :1.nd t he condition of . ou th ern te nant form ers an d fo rn 1
cont ri but ed to t he ri se in \Y P_\
labor er al
employm en t at t ha t tim e . In t he m ont hs of
Augu t, ept emb er , and Octo ber 1.50 ,000 of
th o un try ' increase of 27 , ,000 \ \'P~\ wo rke rs
took place in t he South , " ·he re t he rel,lt iYe
gain wa about fiye t,ime, ,i s la rg-r n. in t he
rest of the count ry. The ri se in \\'J>_\ c mpl o_1·m en t in .I' e11· E ng- land oYer th e ~am e (l1 rN'mont, h peri od amou n ted to nea rly :3 0 ,000
person , la rge!)' emerge ncy work ers 11·ho 11·<'r<'
employ cl a a r es ul t of t h Sept e m ber l1 u rric: 1.11t'
and fl ood in th e N r 11· Eng la nd ,1,rr ,l.
Amon g tlw p er son s 11·orkin g on projt'cl s o pera t d by th e \YPA a t the end of .Jum· 1n:rn
were abo ut 3.53, 000 women . T h is n umb er :H ·co untecl ror a lm os t 15 p er cent o r tl1 e \YP_\ e mploym ent at th e tim e, a larger pro por t io n t hnn
wom en had r epre entecl a t ,111)· o th er pe riod
du ring th e year ,L m ay be src n in T a b le 3{i .
Th e ,Ju ne fi gure for vorn en , li m,·r ,·r r, wa s ,1hn11 t
,- ,ooo below the peak r each ed in th e autumn
o f 193 . Al t hou g-h an in r eQs in gl)· lar ger number of jobs h ad bee n proYid ed ro r nc dy un em pl oyed wome n in th e period o r rapid x pn ns ion
:w .
T .,B L E
:'.\t" \ IHJ-;11 () I' \\ ' 1) \ l f; ~
() I' ~: ll
\ I' ,,: I)
I'
\\' or kers
19$6
:1:io.n2
D ec·em he r 24
1936
M arch
Ju ne 3U
:i 1
.
·----·-
) 2_ I
15. :i
I IO. IV:l
:i "'i i, "'i i I
:1Ha. -.. '2.l
I i :.?
15. 7
3.ti2, 911:{
lfi. I
3,> l , 63<J
323, 2i,)
2.)f;, :ifi~
2~ 1. tKl.1
lfi, ',
l b. 2
Ii 7
19 ,7
~ep 1em her 29
D erem her 2\l ..• :_.
17
/ .9.'/~
:\[arch :lll
'.la.\ fi l ~
:if:?. tlS"-1
Ju ne 2\l
~epte rnher 2~
D ec·em her 2h
IO!.I. U5.t
IO.~. fill,'1
Jfi1.'J
~fa rC'h '.l9 • ., __
Ju ne~~
-----------------
\YP _\ -
Pen:ent
of all
i\'" u m her
D a te
.\ lrlrth '..?f1
Ju ne 24
:--:eptem her 3(J
D ece mbe r 30 __ ~: ____
l•: \IPI.OYED ON
HO.I l•: t 'T S
:l'.11 . 14 2
1.12. 7,4
I
I
0
13. 7
13. 1
1:i.1
13 5
13. 6
14. ~
in \YPA employ m e n t after Oc-tohC'l' 19:37, th e
proportio n of \\'orn r n wor ker s on v\'PA pro jec ts
per cent in
d ecl ined fro m approx im at ely I
Oc tober 1937 to abo u t] :) pCl'(' C' llt n year lat er.
Th e d ecrea se wa s du e ch ie f! )· to th e r e]Qt iYrly
gren tcr in cid ence of t he g rowi ng u nemploym e nt
on me n .
F c, lrrnl agency proj ec t wo rk finnn cecl " ·ith
trnnsfcrred \Y PA fund ,; pnn-i(l('d r mploy rn l' nl
a t th e end of .Jun e H):3 H for aho u t 1:31 ,000 person s . T h e larges t numb er of t hese wor ker s ,
39,{HlO , " ·er e \\·o rkin g on pr oj ects of t he Qu Qrterm ns ter Cor ps of th e \Ynr D cp,ntm ent. The
~o il C'o nsen-a ti o n ~r ni ce of t hr l) e pnrtmcn t of
. \ g rinrl t ure em pl oy ed abo u t 18 ,000 workers ,
Qnd two ot her ngrn c ir s th e Nntion ..1] Park
~c rYice of Lhe D c p,nt.m r11t o f t he ln tcrior and
tl1 e NaY)! 's Burea u of Y ,1 n ls ond Do c ks- eo('h
r rnplO)' ed (lbo ut rn ,ooo p r rsow . Th e onl y
nth er F cd e rnl ag-rnc il'S h,n-i ng m or e tl1 an 10 ,000
pe rson s Qt \\·ork o n \Y PA- li11 ,111 ecd proj ec ts
\\'er e t he Bu rc:111 of Entomo log_v ._ ml Pinn t
(Juar,rntin e and t he Fores t Scr Yite o f t h e D ep:1rtm cnt o f .\ g ricu ltmr w it h J.! ,000 :in d 1:~_ 000
prr:;;ons , r espcctiw ly . (See T :1 ble l \ ' or t lle
a ppe ndix .)
Almos t all th e wo rkC'l's o n proj ects fi n,rn c('cl
with \YPA fund s ,n r pn;;o ns rdr n r d t tl1 e
W P.A by loca l pub lic rdi d 11ge 11 (' ir s an d cer tifi ed a s in n eed of rr li d. "\ t th e end of t h e
ye ar certifi ed workers r e pn'sPnf,,d OG. !5 pe rcen t
92
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PRO RAM
T A BU~
27.- :1\r~IBER
\\"PA-
OF PEm,ol\,- I• \ll'Lm Eu o .'
F1 :-. ., x< ED P,w.,1~CTS OF O ·111ER FEDERAL A GEXC' I E S,
8 ) . \t: EX( ' JE,-
A ge ncy
Tot a l
Depnrtnwnt of .\ gri <:ulture
~Ii, ifiO
130, f'lii
".?Ii,
tH. llfili
'.{ I ,
-----
A gri<·ultural Adju :-; 1nwnt .\dmn.
A gril·ultural F.n ,: : irwnin j!
Ti iolog ieal Sur n')
121
1,1
I. .~ 1-...
2. 48f>
13. 303
3fil
Entomology and Plan t Quaront 1rw
Fores!
10., II
' · 'i22
~l' r viC'l'
lJ oml' Ero nomirs
,,.n tiona l Agric·ultural Re~ea rch
D epa rtm e nt of Comnwrce:
Dun•au of Fish1•ri1's
'· 3i4
9. 0~(1
4!i3
1, Ofik
11, :i2f\
n'.:m
902
1.i, 70fi
13, i-33
I\, lOfi
1. 0:\3
Oflire nf Eclurn ti on
Na tional Park Re n · irP
Tnritories and r, lan d Posstssions
~\ las ka R ailroad
2. llS9
I, 1~10
12.Ha:t
1:1,!l~I
11,n:J i
!iifi
41 2
11. OUO
:i2,.._
11. m19
IO. !i3\l
,')fil-,
1:,,.,, ;rn
I
miscl' llarwo us
fiO
D e pa rtm,•nt of J u s tire :
911rt'3 U of Prisons
D rpa rtrn f' nt of Laho r·
B11n•a u of L ahor S tatis ti cs
Lihrnr~ of f"on g n'ss
Nat ion al Hi'sotirc•ps C'ommittee
Dfpart mt'nl o f th r :O-:a,- y
Rurrn u of Y a rds ::rnd Oocks
Rural Eh•rtrifiration Admo .
iOi
16, 0,8
300
Go,·t. of tlw \ "irgi n Island s
39:\
I , 2!14
i3
lffi
179
!Pi
i ?O
9fH
I Ii
121
12 1
1. 779
I ll
f>O
1.i. 2r,n
1i ~{
!.\ 9,!i
'21'.l
11, !191
2 1fi
I
2~
_
Proc· urrnw nt Oid'sio o
Puhlie ll ealth f\,• r dre
O!l1 r•e of the Seer la r y __
1.5, fi!iO
24'.l
?I i
2.lill!l
I
2. 9m
1iUO
I fi 7
3ft"I
Si.5
8!i4
83n
I
:N-1
l.'12
I, '..?fl'-\
I, 7:if'i
I====
\T (' trrn ns ' .\_ctminis trati o o
T ABIE 2LXU~ IBER OF PER ;:\Q N f' E~I PLOYED ON \\
OPE RA TED P1w .1 E('T,-; , B Y TY PE~ OF PROJECTS A
-- --
132
--- :?2,.=iOi
4S!i
30, 433
I. 4~ I
39, 12~
Percen t
of Total
l\Tum ber
Type of Project
2, 135, 9311
Tola ! ·- ·---· ·-Jl i!l'h,, a ys , road s. and s treets _ __
100.0
I , ll3\1, fi03
F'a rrn -to-m nrket and other second ary roads
,-; 1ree1, a nd a lleys • ···-···-··· __
01 her ----·-·-·-· -------·-------------
3 6. 391
193,193
!i lO, 0 19
Puhl1c• hui ldinJ:?S . ·-
22:J, 758
.Educ·ational
r,;, 83 1
I M, 927
__ _
Othe r
42. 7
I
=
,3 _
7. 9
21. 0
9. 2
2
6. 4
Ii2. R40
i. 1
Parks
Other
95, 150
i7, fi90
3. 9
3. 2
C'onsernttion
103,379
4. 2
29, 013
i4. 366
I. 2
3. 0
Flood ('Ootrol. ______________________ ____ _
OJ her
---------··--·--·-
of th<' total emplo_v rd on iYP,\ -op<'rntrcl projC'<'L and 95.0 percent of thr nurnbrr rmplo_,·rd
on F d<'ral agrnc:v projrcts finan ced wi 1b
iYPA fund s.
T onrclief
emp lo~' <'es typically
comprise s upervi sory p er. onn I and killed
worker essential to project operation ,d10 ca n not he ecured from t he reli ef roll s. Th e relief
percentage di splayed only small Yariation
during th e year ending in June 1930. Cornpa ri, on with the earli er year s r ('wa ls a sligl1t
i.ncr ase in thr proportion of c rtifi ed workers
on WPA-operated pmjects hut at no time
since the prog ram 's initiation h ave certified
personnel cons tituted less thnn 04 percent of
th t tal employment on proj cts prosecuted
by th e WPA .
PA-
J l ' NE 21. 1939
P ark ~ a nd o th er recreat 1on al f:lci li t ies . __ _
\V ar I ),,part nwnt
C'orps of Eog:im•ns
qunrlPrma s ter C'orps
A wide!)· nried project program is operated
h)' the \Y PA because of th e cliwrsc r equirnmen t for public improYemen ts in the cl ifl'crent
communities and beca use of th e many k inds of
occupa ti ona l s kill s posse secl h:v th e unemployed J <'rsons for whom the \Y} A proYicle
jobs. 'lh e con !,ruction work th at the WPA
ha s conducted in Yariou fi eld s, howeYer, ha
nhrny s s upplied the prepondenrnt hare of employment, u uall~- accountin g for apprnximately
four out of eyer)· fiw project employees . A
of Jun e 21 , 1939 , alm os t 1,941,000 per ons
were at work on constrnction pro jects; these
person repre en tecl about 80 percent of the
238
1. 29\
304
I. l2fi
D cpnrtm rnt o f the 'rrf'as ury _
rons t n uard
Tntn nnl Re,~('nue
-.. ,nH1
===I=
D c pnrtment o f lhl' lnt t~ ri or
A la.sk a
13. ;2-...
~3'1
f'Pn t('r __
.. oil Consc•n ·ation Rl~ rdce
7, 17
fl:1 1
Employment on Different Types
of WPA Projects
:,-;e,,er :,,;yst('ms a nd other utilities _____________ _
:--e,, r sys tems ______ ______ ..
Othe r .
_ -------·--
14 ,. 027
83,941
.\irport"' nnd ot her tran s portation fae ilities ___ _
.. \1rport s and ai rways
________________ _
Other •• - ____ ___ __ ·--·-·- ----------···- -\\"h11 e co ll a r .•• ____________ ·---------- ________ _
Education .____
Re('ren11on _ ____
-•-·--····-
____ __
__
Profe:-;sional. elerirn l, norl sen-ice _____ ----- ....
In stallation . e,te n-.; 100, or re vision o f
puhlir records
____ _
E\l('nsion of gon•rnme nt sen- ic
S tudies and sun eys __ _______ __ _
.\rcbeo!ogieal projects _______ . __ _
Home economics _____ __ __ _
Federal Project No. L _____ •.
Othe r . _
Sewing __ __
______ _
noorls. other than se,ving ___
:--a nit a ti o n a nd health _
i\ risce ll a neous. __ __ _____ _
• D a l a a ppl y lo continen tal l'nited
227, 9fi"
tat
o n ly.
I
9 4
.5. 9
3. 5
47, ]63
2. 0
40, ,179
r,_ !i84
l.i
0. 3
3 1,\327
12. 9
37,676
II , isO
23/i, Ril
I. 5
1.7
9. i
42, 396 1
55,905
!i2, 1RO
2,0tO
•16, ~9/i
32, 428
4, 257
179,830
31,447
47 ,355
47, 2r,o
1. 7
2. 3
2. 2
0.1
1. 9
1.3
o. 2
7. 4
I. 3
1. 9
I. 9
Ei\IPLOYM E:\'T . \:-;'I ) EMPLO YE E,
l'
U:-;' l>EH T H E \\'J'.\
NS TR l'C TI ON
\\' O H K E H S
P l '1' -
T t N G I N T ilt•;
FOU , D .\TIO l\° FO H
A N E\\' PlJllLI
B U!LD IN O
t ta! employrn ent-- u perc('11ta ge slightly lower
than that o btainin g during mos t of the ye:1r.
Tb e remainder of th e "\\'PA worke1" were employed on white collar and se\\·in g project .
The highway, road, and s tr eet projects of t h e
WPA, as a gr ou p , have co nsi tc ntly provided
job for more workers t h an :1ny ot ber type of
project. On t hi ' kind of work, \\·hiC' h s upplem ents an important spher e of r eg ul ar public
activi ty in both urban and rural ureas and has
com e to be r ecog nized a p ar ticularl y wellu.ited in many cases to a " ·ork project progr,1m,
almost 1,040,000 "\YPA \\·orkers, or a bo ut -137
out of every 1,000, wer e employed at t he end
of June 1939. ( ee Tabl e 2 .)
Three oth er types of projects a('('Ountrd fo r
a large h are of th e remainin g employ mrn t on
constru ction jobs- pro,ieC'ts for th e ('O ns tru('tion
or i.mpro\7em ent of sewer nnd w ater sys tem s ,
school and oth er public build ings projects , a nd
pr jects for t he d evelopm ent of pu rk and ot he r
recreational faC'ilitie . Th e kind s o f projrds
provided job a t the end of ,Tun e for 9-1 , 92 ,
an l 71 workers, r especti-v l)', ou t of eve ,y 1,000 .
Over 100,000 worker , or 42 from eal'h l ,000,
were employed o n fl oo d control and other ro ner vation proje('t" ; nlrnos t 50,000 were eng,1ged
in t h e cons t ru e tion of nirpor ts and rt' l ,1 tcd
work, and approximate!~- t he s,1m r nll!nb rr
were empl oyed on sanitution ::ind l1 ea lth
proj ec ts.
About 495 ,000 \YPA worker , reprcsr ntin g
320 out of eYery l ,000 empl oyed on June 21,
19:3U, 11·cr e \\'()rki n~ on prnjeds t hat did not
iin-o lve ('O ns trudion \\·ork. These workers li cld
jobs on \\·hit e l'Oll ar and se\\·in g projects whid1
a cou n ted for 129 and 74 p erson s, r e pedi\·el., ·,
o u t of each 1,000 workers. I t i these projed '
whi('l1 have p r ovid ed m os t of th e emplo:v mrnt
available to wom en workers under t he "\YPA
progra m. ·w om e n :1< To tm ted for almos t linlf
t he number employe d o n wh i te ('Ollar projects,
whie b includ e edu eation ul and r ecr eational work
a well as the variou s kincl s of professional and
en ·ite ac-tiYities . \Yorn en were also employed
in larg e numbers on sewin g projec ts wh ere t hey
represented 96 pel'l'ent of t he l 0 ,000 perso ns
eng aged in makin g cl ot hin g and hou sehold :Htides fo r clis tribution to nred~· fami li es nnd publiC'
in s tituti o ns.
Compnrisons with r,1 rli r r periods show th at
th ere b us been impo rtant hift,in g in th e dist- ribution of proj ect wo rkers amon g th e seYer,11
types of proj rcts . Uiglnrny a nd s treet work,
for examp le, \vhi(' h :1<TOtmt ed for -127 out of
ea C' h l ,000 empl o)' ees in June 1939 nnd -1 7:3 in
September 19;3 , h,Hl provid ed on!~• 35 7 out of
eaC' h l ,000 jobs in :--InrC'h und eptembc r of
1937 . On t h e oth r r hand , t h e proport ion s of
tota l workers who were employed on re('ren tionn l
fo('i li ty and se\\rin g proj ects, and to a more
limit ed exte nt o n public I uildin gs proj eC't. ,
d edin ecl in r elati ve impor tan C'e durin g mos t
of t he fi sl'ul yr:1 r and were lower durin g t li e ~-rar
th.rn in mos t of t hr prrC' ed in g period .. Th e
Y,Hiou s C' h an ges in t he dis tril ution o f "\\" P.\.
94
REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE
29.
DI STR IB
T I ON' OF EACH
Type of J'roject
J,000
P ERSOXS E,1PLOYED OX \\'PA -OPERATED PROJECTS, BY M AJOR TYPES
OF P1w.1Et "r,-;"
:If arch
W3r.
N+•pll'lll
:r-.rarch
ber 1n,;
1937
${'pt rmber 1v:17
~rptC'm-
:i i areh
30, 1\13,
her 21.
rn3,
lh•cemlwr 2,.
i\l~rch
22. 1939
1~3--
J une 21,
19 9
---Total
P::irks aod other recrPationnl farilitil's
Conservation _
____ _
Sewer s~·stL•ms and other :.itilitit
Airpor1s and other transµortation facilities
1
"-
Professional, clericcll, arid s('n·irl'
__
Good.::; , otlwr than sewing
!i. l iscrllant'ous
I. IKlO
1. 000
l , IK>O
1. IKXI
:i,,
3Si'
lllfi
4:Jll
7fi
17'1
i,2
Illa
'17
:t)i'
Sa
lllO
4,i
87
~(i
79
S()
111,
I,
"
3~
911
'.l9
93
1~
~u
,"lfl
I, IKKl
21
C S~
l)(l
124
IH
lOti
l(l.t
lla
20
12
l,
20
20
lh
II
12
H
7~
11
14
19
I,
"
~2
,,
1
If,
----
1.000
81
70
92
19
43
94
19
IOI
16
I.~
,l
==
119
129
--------------- ------21
a:J
7fi
,3
100
21
36
Jll4
1.~
2,
17
lf) ,)
c23
I, IK)()
=
=
442
121
4~~ I
HO
.5fi
103
1,
-----
Education
R ecreation
Sanit.at ion and h1..•..1 lth
1. !KIil
372
==
\Y h;te C'Ollar
Sewina
1.om
----
llig:hways, roach·, and .::; trL'L't ~
Public hui ldines
JG
29
21
l'.l
103
rn
==
102
ifi
lfi
13
31
11
3~
,0
I
12
24
13
~i
14
11 1
91
==
;-n
6S
12
2fi
20
12
2.;
1
15
17
97
74
13
19
19
' D:1t3 a pply to continental LTnitc<l States orily.
e Data fc.r :\fnrch and Septem)l(:r 193fi and :\Inrch l<l~7 app!y tn the luc:.t half of thr month: for Sep lcmhrr t03i, the entire month.
c N'ol com parable with late~ penotls. since miscl.'llaneous group fo r ~rnrch 103!'i includes ccrt'lio types of work wbich ha•;-e suhsequeollr been included
under white collar projects.
employment for th e ?\ at ion as a whole, sho,n1
in Tab le 29, are brou ght aho ut by diYcrse
influence . :::,easonal factor affect the employment on the different typ e of projects; in some
ins tance , these re ult from changes in priYate
employment oppor tuni tie in agriculture and
other fields of art ivi t? and in others they are
ne ces itn tccl by adjustments to weather conditions th nt are required in a program of project
,,·ork. Oth er important factors , some of them
closely interrelated, are th e fa('ilit)' ,1ith \\·hic h
large number- of unskilled workers can be
as igne I to f'ertnin t)' PC of proj eds- such a
highway, r ad, ancl street \\·ork \\·hen employment mu st he expanded rapidly , t he
diYer ity in th e trends of priYate employment
in differ ent sec t ions of the f'ountr)', the cban ge
in the occ upational dis tribution of persow
as ignecl to \ ,PA work , and the ,·ari,1 tions in the
local need s for project work in different communities and at different time .
The extent of the wide Yariation in the composition of i..ncliYiclual stat e ·w P.\. program s in
response to the many influences that bear upon
proj ec t operations ma)· be een in Tables YI
and YII of th e appendi.., . As ngain t 43 percent
of all \\·orkers haYing emplo.Yment on higb,,·a:v ,
roa I, and s treet project on a N'ation-,1·ide
basis in ,Jun e 1939, more than 60 percent of
the worke rs were so employed in four s tates A.rkansa , \Yest Yirginia , Kentu cky, and Ten-
nessee. In nine other s tate, thi kind of work
engaged bet\\·ecn iiO and 60 perce nt of th e total
number. On tbc. other hand, hi"'hway work
wa s cmnparati-vely unimpor ta n t in si.., area Ke"· York City, the Dis trict of Columbia,
'alifom ia. D cla \\·are . New H nmp hire, and
R hode l sbnd- wher e less than 20 per cen t of
the \YPA jobs wer e proYiclccl on project
f
thi type. i\11ere th e emphasis giYen highway,
road, and s treet prnje t was relati.Yel:· lim ited,
ot her typ e of construction work, of course,
assumed grea tcr importanc e.
i\71 itc coll ar jobs constit ute I from about 6
to 30 percent of the Yarious s tate totaL but
only in 'ew York City , the District of Columbia, rrnd alifo r nia did th c)r rise to more than
20 percent of the total. In Texas, D elaware,
X eYa da . Florida , ilyomi..ng, and N' e\\· Hampshire sewin g project ,,·ere cornparatiYel:· importa nt , " ·i.th at le.1 s t 1.5 pe rcen t of all \1 PA
worlw rs in the st n te engaged in this type of
actiYity.
Worke rs in Different Wage Classes
Th e distribution of per on s employed on
i\' PA proj ec ts according to the d egrees of skill
of t heir \\·ork is of importance partl:· becau e
of its influ enc e upon the t,q)cs of project that
can be opera tr d and part!)' because it constitute n major basi for cliffrrcntiation in th e
Ei\ ll ' LOYJ\IENT _\ ;s:I) EJ\ I PLOYEES LJX l> E l{ 'l'll ls \\' I'\
\l ,a r ('!1
,o\\'lll·
\prli
~t• Jlft 'lll·
lfUfi
l1t>r l!l:\11
rn:17
hPr 111:r;
I, !HK)
Tnrnl
l, !KHI
I. (HMI
\I :i ~
1, IMMI
1, IMHl
H!i.i
tn, killed
l ntt•rrnt•iliatl'
Skilll'd
1.),
1,n"'
:-,t'Jlli'II I·
lh'l't'lll·
hn'..? I.
hn 2,.
1\ll,
lfU.'-1
I , IKHI
:is
Pro(l•ss ionnl nrn l tt•rh111rnl
fiil
71"-i
Ill.I
Ill
:17
fit!
:1;
I
•>••
w.m
I
I lllKI
li!I\I
117
l:.!L
llh
~fl
II S
:12
'171--:1:11
111111• 21,
l!nq
1,IKIII
u1;7
!17 I
ti7ti
10!\
!Lil
1.om
'l ·trd i
4
7111
l'..?1
11:?
:n
I
:12
I
1111
:rn
, 1>:w1 nppl) 1111·11nt1t1t'nt:il l nlll·d St:,,, ... 011!~
B Dnhl throuµ:h ~t' Ptt•mlwr rn:r;
:lrt'
fo r 11 11• fir._, h:ilfof 1h,· month.
monthl:v C':1rn in µ:s of \ \'P.\. \\·o rkc ·rs. Pr:1di<':1 lly
all (nbou l fl(i() J)('J' 1,000 ) of tli l' projt·<·t 1rnrkt ·rs
W l'l'l' p,1 id durin g l he y enr :H·co rdi11 g- lo lli<'
rstab li slwd SC' hl'dllk of montli l)· scnrr il)' (',1!'11 in gs which proYid ed for diffr rl' nl mont lil )· p:1)' mt>nL to \\'Ork crs ,1cco rdin g to wl1d li t·r t l1(')'
1n'rt' a. sig n<'d to unsk illed . intl'rnwdial< · (:-(•1nikilll'd ), skill <•cl, or profession:il and t<,,· h11i <'al
job . P er. ons :issig nl'd at t hl' un sk ill<·d r:it1 ·s
at th t• end of th l' fi sc,i l :n•n r (:is of .J un<' 21.
1939 ) co 11. titutl'd 658 out of l'nC' li 1,000 prnj1·d
ernployl'e, . Skilll'd and int l'l'Jll (•d i.1tl' 1rnrk 1· rs
accounted fo r 129 :111d 142 1w rso11 :-, r<'S fH'(' tiYely, nnd proft•ssio nal :rnd tl•(' h niC' :il wo rkns
for 3,3, 011 th <• per t housand h:i sis. Tl1 t' n •mnin ing 3o out of <·:iC' h 1.000 l' mplo)·<·<•s II t' l't ' :1-;sig-1wd
ns non , <·<·u rit .v 11':lgt• work ers ; tlH·)· in r lud ed tl1t>
trc bnica l :rn d s 11 pt• JTisory pl' r:-on 11 t•I t•-;:-<•11 t i:1 I
to project 01w r:1lion th .it cou ld not 1,., oht:1i11('d
a t the montldy Sl'C' t1rit)· rat <':- of lii(' \\' P.\ .
L .\ Y I
TILE
~
0
.I
HOo r
0 :S
I
11· p \ .
C'O"ST HlTTEI)
Bt.:ILDJ KG
Th e rel:i l i ,·e num hC'l's of \ \' PA workPr::1 ssig11 ed :1l un s killed rnt es d ec lin ed so111 e11 li:1l
durin g t hr ye:11' ernlin µ: in ,June I n:rn :llld :I
c·om pen s:1 tin g ri se o,·r t1 1Ted in l hr s k ill <'d arn I
S<'mi s killrcl µ: roups. These di:mges n'f l<'t·l t h<'
int rplay of the' 111;111)· fa c tor::; influ en<' in µ: t lw
c·omposition of tlw \\' l>A <'mp loynwnl lot:1I.
Th e dmn1w:1rd lre1HI of total emplo.\'llH'llt 11·:is
of pnrli <' ular irnp11rl:lll('(' in tlw lntter m1111t li -of t ill' )' e,ll'. Efli C' ient opc rntinn of n <·11rt:1iled
prograrn do <'s not permit t he prnporti1111:1 le
reduction of work r rs among th e 1·,1rio11 " µ: r:1d ('S
of s kill . Th e inlC'J'mediat e, . ki ll ed . ll'<' lllli<':11 ,
:ind prnf<'ss ion:il pe r::;011 s c:1nnol h<' rl'i<-:IS<'d in
t he s,1m e n' l,1ti1·e rlllmhers as the un s kill('d .
I lo11·r1·e r. wh r n rrnp lo)·m rnt C'an li r ex p:rnd<'d
:ig-a in . tlie 1111s killed workC'l's 11:- ually <·0 111pris('
n prnportion:1tel.1· l:Hgc 1-(l'Oll J) of tlw ,w,·('ss ion -,.
Dill'Pn' IH'<':- :1 mo11g t he ,·,1 riou-; type-; of
projeds in till' di -; lrihution of 11·ork er:- :H·1·11n li rnr
96
REPORT 0 1 PRO GRE SS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
I ) 1sTR I B l· T10,;
Of' E .\C ll
I ,000 P EHSO:\":-, F:,1 PL01 f: D ON' \YP A - OPERATED P ROJECTS , BY M AJO R TYPE '
OF PHO.JE('T;; AXD 13\ \r \CE CLA>;:;Es A
J l'N'E 21, H.13Y
Securit! \\"age \\"orkers
Graml
T otal
Type of Project
9fit
l.UOO
=--=
Total
l.(KJO
11 ig:hways, road s, and s1reet s
Puhlir huildings
Parks and other reeren1ional facilities
f'on-..ern1tion
-Sewe r sy~tems a nd o ther ·utilltiCs
~\ irports a nd other transportation r3.cilities
l\' l11te colla r
----------
- .
1.om
I. fKJO
I. ()(HJ
I. 1100
1,000
-----------
-------
t-: d11C·~1tion
H el' r Pat 10 11
Pro r('ssio nal. rle~ic:11. and
-
~er~·iCe
Rewing
noods, other tha n se wing
Sanitnt inn nncl health
l\ I i.:;c•P llanrou s
- - - - - - ------ -----------
-------
l ntermediate
l'nskilled
Total
ilfiH
H:1,
Skilled
143
12:'<I
35
36
7!HI
101
Jfil
Ill
fi7
2H~
II
14fi
14
!OJ
273
IO
12
13
31
42
37
29
32
45
If,
Hi'l
Hfi,
tl;'iS
fiH"-.
,539
lo4
130
I, fKJO
9.14
?J:,.,
2H2
2fi-l
1,0
1.0011
1.1100
1,000
H 17
91U
95fi
4,
100
!OR
354
311
3 13
33,
451
225
111
117
46
HfiH
~02
fl!lfi
9fi:J
~72
R79
435
'<!
10,
2i9
Vii
W orkers
terhnical
fi9:!
770
1,000
1.000
1,000
I. 000
" 'aie
sio nal und
65,
4,3
!U1:i
Xonseruri t~
Prores-
I
163
Hi
199
46
---53
51
44
15i
12
16
I
1~i
196
lfi
42
I
23
31
37
128
,. . Data apply to ronunental Cmted ~late~ on lr.
to "·ngr clnssrs are sh own in T:1 hl r ~ 1. l'nskill rd workr rs " ·ere rel a tiYel:v mo t numr rou s
on rond and s trrd, con. ern1tion , and e" ·ing
projec ts on eac h of " ·hich they rnnde up more
th an th rrr-qu:nt ers of the total. A mnjorit >·
of th e iYP A " ·orkers in the professional and
tec hn ica l group were employed on whi te collar
projrrts. Th ese projects, as well as the projects for th e cons truction or improYements of
public buildings and of airpor L, provid ed \\·ork
for rrl:1 ti-vrl>r ln.rgr number ' of the skill ed , nd
emi killed employee .
rrm :1 111mg 197 of each l .000 were at work in
rur:1I <"ounties " ·hich inclucl r d no mtm icipal ity
" ·ith :1s many a ' 5, 000 in hnbitant in 1930.
' !'-\ ALE 32 .- Dr. TRIBOT!ON OP Ji: .\(' 11 1,QQQ P ER RONS
l•:, IPL OYF.D O\c " ·p -0PERA'l'F.O PROJECTS, BY t · R D.\N 17.AT l ON
Anolhrr di:,;lrihution of 11P.'i._ workers that 1
signifi cn nl hrc , use of its relation to montbhr
earn ing. is that " ·hi ch takes into account the
size of th e conununit>· in \\·bicb projrct work i
prosecuted . At the end of .Tune 1939 , -!23 out
of ewry 1,000 1YP A wo rkers were employed in
t he mos t popul ous area s of th e countr)r-countie containing citie that in 1930 had a population of 100,000 or m re persons (Table 32). In
counti e whose largest cities had between
2.5,000 and 50.000 and bet" ·een 50,000 and
100 ,000 inliabitants r mpl o:nnent was proYidrd
for 82 and 74 , re pcct i,·el)T. out of each 1,000
\\TP A " ·orker . Le s populous counties- those
with town, f from 5, 000 to 25,000 popltlationbacl 22-! out f each 1,000 1YP .A workers. The
J9:3i
TO
Jt1 NE
1939
\\' PA \\. or ke rs
l 'rhanization
nroup s (Popu-
lation )
Oainful
\York ers
1930 D
Nn-
,·emher
!9:3i C
Total
Workers in Different Urbanization Groups
CnoUPh A
~t.::J !<XTEn PEBIOD~. XOVE MR EH
Owr 100,IIIKl
.,O,OIKJ IIHl,!K~I
25,IKIO· ,ifl,lKKI
5.l~J;J 2!i,(IIJO
l'nd,•r 5,000
J,()()(I
l. 000
1,000
1.000
I. llOO
1. 000
1.000
-li-l
45R
i3
,1
444
,4
4;lJ
424
ii
i9
225
201
423
74
2
22-1
19i
410
69
- - - - - - - - - - - - --i4
i5
21ll
li6
21:i
liS
~3
2Ii
I ~2
72
79
22 1
19i
-~
21i
200
A n atn app ly to co ntinental lJnite<l Stat<•~ onh.
B lTrhanization ,e ro upin gs are hased upon a rins~ification of coun ties
11crordin g tr, the 1930 po pulation o f the larges t municipalit,· in each
·
county.
c Data app ly to th e ,·nti re montb.
o Source· Fifteenth Census 01 the l ' niled States, 1930, Population.
-:\ finor ch anges baYe occu rred in th e gen eral
pnttrrn of the urbaniza tiondist r ihution on-VPA
r mplo)Tees. During the pas t yen r the proportion of \\·orker locnted in th e co unties containin g c1t1e of 100 .000 or more inh abi tants
drc rr:1secl from 456 to 423 out of every 1,000
\\"PA workers. In fact , onr most of the period
in ce 1 onmber 1937 employment in th - populous nren had h o" ·n a gradua l rrlat i,·e decline .
El\ lPLOY 1\I E .T .\:-s'I J 1'~1\ll'LOYEE::; L:X IJER THE WPA
?\[o. t o f the offsett ing in<-re., ses hn ve oc<·urrrd
in cou ntir. wh ose l:Hge, t muni cip,1litie:-- \1·ere
town , \vi th 25,000 or f \\·er inhnbitnnl .
hange on•r the course of the p., s t year li:1Ye
in ge nera l tended to brin g t he dist ribution of
,TPA worker m or e n m·l:•, int o lin e " ·ith t he
li trihu tion of nll g,, inful wo rker s in 1930, ns
ma. be cen in 1\tbl 32. Th e p ropor tion of
WPA worker in tb e m o t popu lous ,u-cns, for
exa mple, decr ease I fr rn 45li per 1,000 in .Jun r
193 to ,123 in June 1939; ga inful worke rs in
the e aren accounted for 430 out o f eve ry l ,000
in th e lation in 1930. Durin g the sn m c prriod ,
on th e oth er hnnd . the proportion of WPA
worker. in rurill co un tie incrc11scd from 17 5 to
197 out of eac h I ,000, a eompnred wi th 206
ga inful workers o ut of each 1,000 in rum! co untie in 1930. Th e Farm ecur ity Admi.ni strntion , thro ugh \1·liich fund nre s upplird to form
fomilie , nl o operate, in rural counties.
Labor Turnover
\YP \ project emplo_vers 11re a cons tantly
ch anging group , \1·i th t ho usa nd s of wo rk ers
leaYin o- th e progr run in t he co urse of ea h
month an l thousand s of eligibl e un cmployrd
per ons I ei.ng add ed . Durin g the _vcar ending
rn ,June 1939 th e numb er of wo rkers C-('rtified
in nrrd of r elief who \1·rn' srpnrntl'd l':w li
fl
!:)7
month from ,YP.\ -fi nan crd projrf't. rnnged
from LG:1,000 to over :{40,000 1w rsons, or from
6 to 12 perc-rnt of lh r toLlll numb er mploycd
l onthly
at the bcginrnng or t he month.
aece . ion , o n t hr ot h r r hnnd , va ried between
\:17 ,000 and 327,000 prrso ns ,rnd rcpr escn tecl
from :3 to OYCr 11 prn- r nt oJ total employm ent.
Th e rapid adYn 11 <·es llrn t took p ince in th e
\\.PA emp loyment totnl du rin g t he pe riod
from J ul:v thro ug h October l !J:38 l rn,Ye their
co unterp a rts in t he turnover ra,tes t hat apply
to t he pe riod. ~ J O I'(' t lrnn :rno,ooo p rsons
wer e added to th e prog rnm pe r mo nt h during
this period . \\'e ll onr lrn lf of t he ne\1·l_v
assigned per on s h ad nrver hrforc worked on
\\·P ,\. project ; th e renrnincler rcpr entecl
workers who wer e r eassign ed to " .PA work
after a bscnc- es oJ varyin g leno·t hs. Th e numb er
of workers leavin g t he " ' PA program each
month durin g t he four-month p eri od of expansion r anged from 16:3,000 to 22K,000 per ()n s,
of whom m or e t han 70 p crc n t left of t heir
own vo li tion. Th e exc-css oJ accession over
eparations wa n ecessar y in t he m n tbs of
ri ing empl oym ent in ord er to cfl' cct not on l:v
the re pl acem ent of person lcwvin g " ·p ~\ job
but a lso the addi tio n of ot l1 r r 11·orkrrs to th e
cxpa ncli ng- progr am.
Th e r el:1tionship hrh1·er11 H<Tt'ss10n ,i nd
.;ep,,rntions tlint obtnined in t h<' ,July- October
9
REPORT o;s.: PROGRESS OF T I-rn \\' J>.\ PROGR.\M
T .\ BLE
33. .\
r<·E,-;,-;[OX,';
\ l o nth
To tal
LnJtial
HP-
a:-s il!ll -
ass 1v n-
m, ·nt:-;
nH'nt s
147, liO
lltl, lii3
lfi-1 , 3H'
146,037
127.-tlfi
J ti . 112
l ti:l, llli2
191,l'I;,
227.~:!2
212,-..,2,
fH.~ il
UH.903
2:li,'-\ 12
2~•. 703
67, 353 , 2!1 l, I Ii i
prriod n r ,,· assignm rnts had predomina t ed .
Separniion s rea<'h ed a p ak of OYC'r 340,000
p rrson in April. Larger n um hers of di clrnrge and la~·ofl's of \\·orkers (n rcessary in
ord er to r rdu ('e \YP1\ empl oym en t) were
(' hi e(l y r rspo nsihl e for th r in cr r asr in cparations ; s uc h sep arations a. s um ecl pr domin ant
import nnre in eaC' h of th e mont h wh en th e
lnrgr . t redu ction. in emplo:n n r nt \\' C' l'e m ad e.
This ,rn . t rue E'YC' n th ough th r numb er of
n llu nt ary separa tions continu ed to exceed
l 00, 000 cl uring each month excrpt F ebru ary
and to r r prrsrn t a t Ira s t 3 percr n t of empl oym ent .
Th e rrl nti,·e slnhility of m onthly reassignmen ts in co mp:u i son with initial a signment
and of mont,hl)' Yoluntary e para tion in comparison \\'ith discharges and lay -off direct
a tt ention to certnin persisting char:1cteristics in
th e t um oYer takin g pla ce on WP '\.-financed
proj ec t . Durin g th e y ear rea ignm ent of
,,·orkers to proj ect pay ro U ,,-ere mn.cl e a t the
mon t hl)· rat e of a bout :3.5 perce nt of total emplo~rrn en t,. The rate ,Yas cornparafo·ely con. tan t in th e different m onth s of th e yea r
althoug h it exceeded th e ? ear's a n rage in the
July- throu gh-Octoher period , wh en employm ent ,,•a, r xp:mcling, nnd wa.s somewh a t below
th e :wr rn ge in th e \\'int er rnontk . Th e pre ence of n deg ree o f tahili ty in the ren, signment
rntes may be a ttributed to th e fa ct th at a conid cra ble proportion of the person reassign ed
PEl!S()'\S
\VD s~;)'\l!I II<)'\ ,,-; ( H
T1P1,,-;
J<: ~11•1 , 01 E D t)'\ \Y P . \ - 1<'1'\'ll',('ED P1 to.JJ,( ' J' ,S, H\
OF A( '{'.E:-;:.; HL'\':-; AN D ~EP .-\IL\'l lO\; S A
\ .(1! 1111 -
D 1s-
tar~
C'harg1•s
~t•pa r·1-
and
layoffs
t io ns
}!l;j~
Jul)
311..lifi~
_-\.Uj!Usl
;in,, U;l2
I
Septl'lll her
Ortohn
Non•mhL• r _
D ert•mtw r ____
lfi2. !H.i
27fi, ,.w
327, 0,'-15
Hi t, i'i4
97, 0.16
14\1.HIJ
117, iUH
4:l. 26:i
137. 27ti
172, :1,1
I,=;;, Y'-lli
,;,\ 2ll
J>J2
141;_
1,=;, 47:,.,
J
.>3, 919
,)4 ,
I Ii ..._,
,11
Ul, fi20
fi(i'-,
JU,-J!}
Janu:uv
Fehr,J~iry
~far{']
A nril
~lay
Ju □ e.
______ _
I Ill, 301
3fl, Jlli4
73. 1h37
215, "\';"ft
239, 7.=:i4
177,-177
114, H3...,
119, Oftli
i0, 5:!1
2H, 1-...!1
120, ri,1.,,
I '-0, I "-I:{
130, ,,92 [ :si. 1::w
31, 775
139, 574
2rn.a1I
1 HI, 127
'J.7!'1, 12 1
l/"'i, 9fi2
107, 7H9 I 22A, UO I
1on.utri
"-1,1, -l lY
10:\, :322
!14. 707
I 12. flf>.1
1a1 . .:;27
112_7...,;
2lfi, "-I f>
'-.fl, 17fi
12:i, fi..._2
J.1!1. fii fl
I \ fl, 7..f'-
I JO~. lf9
I 122 7:t~
-\ Data ap pl ) to continPn t:l l C111tt•d Rta lt'S, irl<' ludm c 11nl;- Jlt' r~ons
c:e ri ifiPd n-.; in nt•rd of relit•f.
period was reYrrsrd durin g th e eig-lit month s
irnrn edintrly foll owin g, a period cl rn ractc ri zcd
by eYere redu ction. in th e nurnh r r of worker
add ed to the prog ram and large increases in
th e numlw r lea ,·ing. i\Ion thl :v acrr.-;sibns wer e
cut to a h alf and Hen a third of th rir preYi.011s
level , except on l:v in F ebru ary when the
downwnrd trend of \VPA empl oym ent wa s
tempora ril~- in terrupt ed. :\Jos t oJ th e Bree si,m s durin g th ese m onth s reprrsr nt rd r ea,signm r n ts of worke rs ,,·ho h ad prrYiously hecn
empl oyee! by the \\' P.\ ,1·lwreas in th r p re<'cding
.'.\ lo-.:n-11.Y
Jt I Y IH3..,_ TO JtTNI-.: l!l:\H
Separation s
\ ('('PSSWns
To tal
~ l o nlh
:,..'"w11her
/93
11 ,,,liS
1--3
July
:,;,eptemher
netoher
::"\on•111her
Decrm her
Hate
Hi4, ii 4
~17. o.,ri
II 4
Ill
9. 0
10. ,1
5. I
3. I
I JU, 30 1
2:39, 754
177,477
I I I, 938
130, 592
139, .174
3 7
" 4
6. I
4 0
,) 0
5. 6
3u,. 95~
27fi. :-.,4(j
Am?; Us t
~27, 0 "-1.1
\\"omen
\I en
,u111l1t;ir
'
Hate
2.....~.1-1 1.'i
I:? 0
JO ~
2SO, h.'i4
~fi.Htl9
!I :J
10 \I
,;_
3. 3
:i.,o, 35-1
.
1,\(1, !.13.>
!1(1, 2!.13
Rate
:,(um her
2.'l. 7.53
2,, 59 7
25,992
30. o, r,
1:1, , :i9
Tota l
F'ehruary
:I l a rc h
.\pril
:l ! ny
June _
-----
-------
' l>:11a :1 ppl y to continental U nited ~ tates,
the l1pg1nni n g o f the mon th .
101 , f~l7
211, H32
!,l;), 1-,1,g
10.,. 017
119 ,944
12, , 34i
I
i nc:lutl1 □ g,
3 \I
,>, 5
6. I
4. 2
5. 3
6. 0
,>. 9
ISO, 977
1\11, 195
fi.fi
227. 1"22
212. "-127
2a7 . .... 12
~ II , UR
' ,I
Ii.
7 4
9 3
177, 106
213,666
200, 1,9
221, 199
7 li
R. 7
i ,1
3 3
I 6
6. 7fi3
",, HY4
2 2
2h. 122
7. j
5 7
21, 60,
9.89 1
10, 648
11,227
Xumher
Hat e
-----Jfi:i, Oli2
7 I I
IH'/9
Jan ua r~
Xumher
I
2. f)
3 0
3 3
21,\ 876
ISO, 183
2 lfi, 3 14
3 10, 427
270, 424
22 -1, 904
o nly persons l'C rttfietl as in need or relief.
\\"omen
i\len
',
3
Ii, 3
.....
II 9
10. 5
9, I
I
I~
X umher
Rate
6. 3
6. 8
7. 9
7. 4
12,085
14, 0,9
14 , 156
7 9
If,, fJ 13
2', 034
3. 3
3. 7
3. 6
3. 2
4 0
6, 7
3Jl, 367
1:1, 2 17
Ii:,, 451
27, 473
2fo , 628
13, 744
9 2
3 C
4 9
7. 2
7, 4
4.0
2'16, 112
!L 7
179, ,'il)9
166, 966
227, 1,53
312,954
2 l~. 796
212. mo
6. 7
9. 0
12, 6
II 0
9. 9
7 0
12, fi3~
The ra te represe nts peree ntage o f employment at
E:'l ll' LO):'I I K:\T . \:\ll E:'l ll'LOYEEH l :,1>1~1{ l'JIE \\'PA
". re form er ·w P.\ lllployees ent.it.lrd to more o r
!cs au to lll:lti c ret11rn to projt'C(, \\'Or k aftr r
tcrmin:1tion f t heir trmpor:1 r>· jobs in pri, :1Le
uch rc:1ssig-nlllt' 11Ls occ ur 111 <·onindu try.
id en1 blc Yolum regn rdle ' of the trends in
pri,~n t employm e nt,.
Th e rate of ,·ol u 11 lnr_v scparn Lion s w n. r.>:enemUy hig h throug hout th e _ye:1r; i t :wer,1g cl in
xcc of 4 per('ent of the cmplo>·mcn t, :ll t lw
beginning of t.he month , flud11ntin g \\i(h
en onal cond itions nncl ch anges in tli c busin ess
i t uat i n . Th e rnl e \\'as l<rn·est durin g Che
winter m ontk :i nd reached its high point of .i ..5
p rcen t in Sep tern her 19:3, . Th e m:1jority of
the pcr.on s ,·olu11t:1ril_y sc p:1r:itcd left to tak e
priYn te job .
Gre:1te r s tability hn s bee n cY icl ent in t.h c
emplo.nnent of \\·o men \\"Orking on 'IY P,\.finance l projects than in th e ernplo>·m ent of
men. l'l'i thout exception durin g th e >·c:1r
ending in .June 19:3fl th e monthly ace ,-sion
rate ll"er e lower for the ll"Omcn th an fo r th e
men; ,,·om en \\·e re add ed to the prog r:1111 :1(
rate ,· aryin g bct ,1 cc 11 l.G an d 7.7 percent of
t tal emplo>·m cn t wh e reas for men t.h e mont.hl>·
accession rates r:111 gcd from :3_:1 to 12.0 p rC"cr,t.
In th e case ol scp:1r:1.tion s t,hc rcln tiollf;] ri p ,1·:1 s
imilar. \\'o men left their prnjcct jobs :it the
rate of from 3.:3 to 9.2 percent per mont.h ns
compared ,,-it h mt , of from fU~ to 12.(i pcrC"cnt
for male ,1·o rk crs. ,\. part from di/l"crc11c· s in
degree, howcYcr, tt 11·11 0Ye r rates in t he clllplo_,·ment of ll"Omcn nn d ot men in the difl'l'J"ent
month ll"Crc sirnil:ir.
Hours Worked
-n·PA emplo>·c . h ad work ed 11 ,S 1:3 ,000.000
born· from the beginnin g of \YP~\. oper.1tio11s
in th e ummer of I rJ:3,) to th e encl of .Tune I !l:rn.
Dming th e hi st >·cnr of th e lour, project ,rnrk
:1 fi g ure .iO
totnle I 3,7-!8,000,000 m,111-hour
perc n t large r Ll1:111 the rn:rn-hour aggn'g-:11<' of
th yea r imm d i:1tcl>· pre <lin g (2, -12-1 ,000 .!HlO) .
Th e m an-h ou r dat n, lik e prnetir:111>· c,·c ry ot her
mca ur of W PA ncti vi tic. , re ,·c:1 1 t. hc predominanc e of wo rk o n hi g hwn_,·s, road s, n 11<1
trcet ; two- fifth s of th four->·cc1 r tota l, o r
4,G21 ,000 ,000 hou rs, \\·er wo rked on proj(,c(,,
of thi type. 1 1orc t han a billion h ou rs ,,er
pent on enc h f four oth er kind of under-
T\RI ~;
3,i
li en Rs .\'\D E\11, 1,<;s OF P1mso ,s h,1\ r1, u PHo.11;, r s , BY ~l.1JOR
Pr ,o, f' D o, \\ P.\ -On; u
T, I'~; ,-, ()f' 1 l{OJE(T S
Nuruher
I Precr•nt
'rott1 l t•:nrn•
1
m ~s
1 ot. 11
Hi ~h"
1~ s,
ro:tds . and street s
Puhl )(' h11ild1n l!s
P :,rk s ·m d oth er recrea tional f:\ C'1lit1es
4. H'..?(). ·lo:?. 1:1~
q2 1. , :{ / . :!~ I
I, 00'"1, l tll . ~Ii:{
w
1
\ .0
\
2, O~l. ;{'-Iii . ...,_,~.I
570, '-\07 I 27:?
,;W, fi l ti. (.;:?
I ,i
5ffi . :J lt l, O!lli
2.1 3, 0:'-17, :!OS
Se,\ er systems a nd otber utilities
.:\ irport s and other trans portation
facilities
I, 0-1 3. ;>;{H, OH'-1
U 1
5.1:i, :10l , :H 7
H.IH. Iii , lift
I 7
\\"htte ,·ollar
l , 272. fi-l I. :H I
C onsen ·a t ion
EdtH'alion
Rer re at1 on
- -1
I r,
1~9.fi l~. 70fi
I.G
113. b0l . 07.5
7. 8
550. lt1.",,fJ7'2
Professiona l. clerica l. and serv-
ice
Se win g
Ooods. other th an se" in g
~a nitatinn a nd hen lth
~fi c.;rell :1 11ec1u s
11 0
1~9. l.i '-1, !}.if
I. IOfi. ~.,7. 1/i:l
17H. '-1:i:2, ffii
3 12. fi2ti, 150
2(J I. t:,fi, .12 1
1:ll. A! ll . ~II
Hn
1 f,
1:i11. 0!111. :1.>?
6!1. H;Jti, 1:i,
30
!:iii, '1112. fi Ii
13\1, 2.·12, "\/ 4
2. 6
Sourre . \\"P .\ s. t:n e o ll H'P repo rt s
takin gs \\'hit c co ll:1r, SC\\'rn g, , wcr >·· tern
and ot,hcr u ti li ty, ,l.lld park :ind ot her rene:ttional i:1cility projects :1nd on l_v n, little [pss
th a n n billion hou rs of lnhor ,,·en' used in tir e
cons truction :rncl rc 11 0\':1Lio11 of p11hli c buildin gs .
Th e hour work d :111d th e tot.al :1 rni11 gs o f
perso ns employed 0 11 c:1 ch of t he major typ<'S
of project ar e shO\\"ll in Table :1.i: st ,1t e distribut ion:-; ot totn l bour~ and c~1r 11i11~s appt}ar in
T:1hlc X of t,h e ,tppP11dix.
Safety and Compensa ti on
Compreh cnsiYe safe(>" r egulat ion. applying
to t h e op c r:1tion of \YPA proje cts and periodir
s:1fcty in s ped ion s ens uring t he cfl'cetive n.pp li r :1t ion of th e r cg ulntions Jrn,·e prote cted tl1 e
h :11th and sa fct>· of project ,,·o rkcrs :rnd tl1c
general p11 blic . These nwa surcs hn ,·e hcen intn rm cn tal in keep ing llH:' aceidt'ntnl injuril's of
\\'Or kcrs on \YP~\. projects nt n mininrnm. I 11
the course of 1 l 1~ hi II ion rn:rn -h ours of ,1·ork
sin ce th e beginnin g- of th e \Y P.\. progrnm in
l!:J:35 , di sa bling injuries ha,·c occu rred at tht'
rate of less than 19 1wr million man-h ou rs of
wor k. On cons ln rdi on 11·ork , :1s rnig li t he rxpcctccl, t he ra.tc wn s some11'11nt highcr- :1ho11t
23 in j11ri "- per million hours. lt sho11ld he
noted , hm1·c,·er , th:1t s uch di ~:1h lin g injuri<'" include all i.njurit's (\\"hl'ther compc nsnhle or not )
] ()()
HEl'OHT o;-, PHO<:HE '.' OF 'l' IJ g \\'I' .\ PHOUHAM
whiC'h in<·np:w itntrd thr \\·orkrr in thr prrform:rnr·p of liis rPg-t ilnrl,'I assig-nrd tnsks on thC' nrxt
cn lrnd:1r da_\' , C' \·rn thoug-11 he was ahlP to do
ot li N jol,s :111<1 wns n ot :1hsrnt from \\'Ork .
TJ1r n1:1jority of thr injurirs t li:1t oc·c11 1Trd in
con nc'c·tion \\·itl1 \Y PA oppn1t io ns \\.NC' ('.lUsPd
h_\· \':l rio11 s h:1J1d tools or b,'I· tl1P 111 :1 tni:tl s, s uch
ns lumlwr nnd brick:, which workrrs J1nndl c on
tlir joh ; tlrrsr two grou ps of ohjP<"ts \\·crp rcspons ihl <' for en-er 55 percent of :ill di snb ling
in j11ric's rcportPd during thr ,\·c:1r PJHlin g .rune
30 , I ~):rn . F:dl s from sc:dfold s or into pits :ind
otl1cr hnrmful cont:1cts \\·ith \1·orking s urfaces
Wl'l'C' rpl:t tin 1,'I' fr equcn t cau,-cs of m.1 ut')' .
\m ong- l hP rema ining injuri es vc lti dcs nncl
m :1d1in cs wprp most often the so urC"c . Explosi\·rs :rnd infl:mnn ahlc matcri:i ls wrrc very se l(:-:ice
dom th cnusc of dis:1bling injuries.
Tnhle :rn .)
F:it:ditic's lr:1\·c been rclatin, J_y r:tn' in the
opt'ralion of \\' P.\ projeds. anwunti11g to onl_\.
onr for ca('h 7,:200 .000 mnn-l1ours of work.
TJ,i ,, r:lle applil's to the entire period of \\' P .\
opcrntion,- :tnd doe- nnt refJt,ct t li t' imprm· nu' nl ,- that 11:l\'C' been rc:1lizcd during t hr lalrr
ye:i rs. Durin g the firs t two yt'ars of opcrnl ion,
t hr f:1t:1 lit y rnLc \\·:i s on e for r:l(' h !l ,:200,000
SIIOHl '\<i
PHOTE('T~ \\"P l \\'OHKEH:- I'.\
EXC.\ \'.\TJUX:,
l>EEP
T ~.au. :~f;
\" 1 ,1uER nf' Drs1RL1'\'<: f 'I.JOR IE s
UPEl! .ITEn P RO .JEf' T:s, B\ ( '.1l·s ~;,;
nx " .PA-
:\ um ber
T ota l
I l and tools
.\l att·ri a ls( handhnc: of)
\\'ork1nc: sur[:H'('s '
\ Tehitles
.\1 :t('h111es
P oisonoll" \ l').!C'l:ll IOll
f'u rrosl\ e s11hstanres
ll ot suhsrnnees
E\plosi\·es
lnU:u11 111 :1 l1les
Other
7:l. 110
21. !i'>:l
I>,. lilO
12. Ji,()
I,, .533
2. !lfiU
2. 100
!i ll
-1-10
Jil 7
73
. 031
Percen t
JOO. 0
29 -I
25. 8
Ii 0
.9
35
2. 9
0. i
0 6
0. 2
0. 1
JO. 9
' I ntl1 1clt\s I renches. quarries. pits and ot h r excn va t1 ons, scaffold s,
and plntrorrn s.
hou r,; work0d ; (' \·e n t his ratr w:1 , o nl y about
hfl lf the origina l m orta lity r. tinrnt 0, bn sccl on
former work project exp0 ri0nrr.
For workers injured 01· ki ll ed in t lw rour e of
rmp loYnl<'nt on \\. PA projects comprnsnt ion i
prn\·idl'd through the C nited Stn tcs Ji;mp lo,'l·ee ·
Compcn s:1.tion Commission to which fumL haY e
b0rn m:1dc nn1 il nble under c:ir h of the Emerg0 nr- _,. I{ lief .\ ppropriation Acts. Pro,·i ions
for f):l,\' IHC'nt of compensat io n in t he ERA Act
of J 0:38 pl:wed t he ma:,,,.-imum monthl:v p.1 ym ent
:it $:30 :i nd set at 4,000 t,hr rn:1 xim11m :1,gg reg:1 !0 payment in case of pen n:1.n0nL di sa bility or
dc':t.l l1. These limi tations , whic h :1 r0 exclusive
of t he' cost of medical rnrc. rcp rrscnt increases
01·l'r th ,llltounts peeificd u11drr prior E H.A
.\ cts . Cnd(' I' the ea rlier act" month!)· pa)·mcnts
h:1d bt'P ll limit ed fir - t to , '.?0 :ind su bsrqucntly
to .·:rn and the mnximum amount set :lt :a,:-oo.
PrO\·ision s under ,,·bich thr C'omp nsnt ion
( '0111111ission operate requ 1rr th:tl monthly
pay111e11ts mDy not exceed t \\'O-t liirds of t he
1\o rk r r ',- mnnt lil,'1' \\·t1ge rnlr .
TJ1r (Tnitrd States EmplO,'l'ec. ' C'omprn, ntion
( 'om mi ssion itse lf is clwrged 11·ith :idministcring
l hr t·o1111wns:1 t ion sect ion s of th r I~RA Act. .
I lo11·rn'r . in \'icw of the Ye l',\' limited reso urce
of pru_i<'C't 11·orkcrs and thr ('Onsrq11rnt nrcd for
..; perd in nwl'ting- t he prohlC'ms t l1 :1t nrisr from
:lC'(' idl' nl:li injuries on a prog r:1m of the size
C"ondtrc·tl'd h_,· the \YPA , thr ('0111111i ss ion authorized t il e \\' P.A to pay in s t:1 ll111 r nl s of co mpt'ns:it ion loc:111,'I· for period s up to :30 dn.ys of
d is:1 hi Ii[ _\·. Brncfi ts ar e pnid for t r:n1rn:1 tic in j 11 ri!', 1d1ich res ult in more t hnn thrrr dnys of
di -:1hility. Th e compensation bccomrs pnynbJe
E IPL YM E
T AN D EMPLOYEES U NDER T I-I E WPA
aft er the "·niting p riocl o f three clay. follmving
an accidental injmy. \.[t r :30 lay th ra. e is
tnkcn oYer b~· the Compen ation ·commission .
Pro,rision is made hy the ff PA for tli e reCOY ry
f wages lost lurin g t he period o f disa bili ty. An injured worker is not separated
from the pro jec t on which he is emp loyed un til
:30 day after the inju1y nncl he i.s permitt ed
to m ake up time , s ubseq uent to hi recove rv
to a maximum of half his monthl y nss io·n~(I
hour . If th e wor ker 's clisabilitv ~xceed: 30
day another qualifi ed m emb er of h is fomi lv i
given preference u1 ass ignment to project, \\;Ork
until the injured worker himse lf is able to
retlu-n to his job.
From the b ginnin g of the WP A program in
1935 through June 30 , 1939, \YPA compensation offi cer to whom authority bad been delegated by the Commission recei vecl reports o f
173, 26 cases of injury n which time had been
los t, and which migh t in vo lve pa~nnent of com pen ation for one la_v or more. aom e 6 .5,000
adclition::i l cases not in volving compen ation
but likely to requ ir e m edical or l1ospit.:t.l car e
were reported durin g the sam e period . Compens::i tion wfl s all owed in co nn ec tion with l ,630
en e of fatal injurie includin g those t hat
occurred while th e worker was going to or from
the WPA proj e t; 18 1 additional fa talities were
under con ideration by the Commission at the
end of the fi sca l year.
The um of $3,.-oo ,ooo was appropriated
directly for the United States Emp loyees'
Compen ation Commi sion by tbe Emergency
R elief Appr pr iation Act of 1938 and an additional $2 ,000 ,000 provided in Public R e. olution I o. 7, 76th Congre . , approved April 1,
1939. T hese amounts togeth r with $. 3,925 ,000
allocated from earlier ERA Act , mad e a total
of $39,42-5,000 a.vailab le for the Commission to
meet obligation arisin g from accident:1 1 in jmies to proj ect worker . From t,he i'tmds
appropriated , paym ents amolll1 ting to approximately $19,7 6,000 had been made as of Jun e
30, 1939. Th e total include compen ation for
all worker injure l or killed on proj cL fin anced
under the ERA Acts of 1935 t.ln· ug l1 193 , t he
laro-e t shar of whom were \VPA worker .
A major proportion of the total payment
(60 percent) cover e l medical, hos pital and
incidental o t. . Thirty percent of the' com201:\7 7 - 40-
-8
101
pen s,1tion \1·n.s pnid herau se of disabi li ty la.s ting
more th:111 : 0 d,1_vs , pen1w11ent disabil ity, o~(kal h from injuri('S. Th<' remain in g 10 l ercent represents cm1tpr 11 sn lion p:1 id localh~
b_v \YPA rmnpe nsation offi ce rs fo r :30 clays ~r
le s of di ,1bi li ty.
Characteristics of WP A Workers
Th e men a n l wom en employed on \iVP A
project include s in gle perso n. nnd heads of
families, incliYi chwl s of all :tges from 18 years
upward , m embers of d ifferent rac s, · and
\\_·orkers \vith pra c tical ly eYe r)' kind of occnpat~nnal and edu cat ion al background . Th e part icul ar characteri stics o{ t he un ernplo)' cl person wh o work on \YP1\ proj ec ts hiwe defi nit e
he::iring upon thei r employment opportuniti e.
in pri vate indu s try . They also are an importa.n t element in det rminin g the na ture of the
work project program conducted hv th e 11P,\ .
The fo llowing paragrap hs describe ·briefly som e
of the outstan di ng ch aracte ri stics of t he persons
employed on WPA proj ects .2
The typical \iVPA work er in F ebruary Hl39
was a little more than 39 years of age; ~vomen
workers were a bout a year rlnd a half old er
than m en . Thirtv-n ine perc r n t of the worker
were und er 35 years of age, 4.5 prrccn t were at
lenst 3.5 bu t under -5.5 , ancl the remaining 16
percent were 5.5 years of age or older . Tl1ere
were larger proportion s of m en th a n of women
in each of the five-~7efl.r age groups of younger
and older persons , i. e., perso ns \\·ho we;·e un ;ler
:3.S or at least 60 years of age: wom n \\' ere
relatiYely more num erous in the age r ange from
3.5 to .59 years.
Considernhle change had occurred between
N overn her 1937 and F ebrua ry 1939 in the age
2
'rhe d ata in the see t ions co ncern ing age, famil y com pos it ion, duratio n
of \\' PA employ ment , an<l oth er ehnrae terist ir:-; of \\' PA ,Yo rke rs rela te
to :'' PA e mployees in th C' co nt ine nt a l Uni ted S tates w ho we re ce rtified
as 1.n neect of re li e f 'T'his inform a t io n was secured thro ugh the general
re,·1ew o.r tb e nee<l. stat u s of certi fied reli ef work ers w hi ch w as req u ired
hy Pu h hc Resolu tion No. 1 of the 7fith C'o nj!ress, approved Fehruarv 4
193~1 'T'he ct ata co ve r the 2,i32.2.1 1 perso ns w hose na mes appearerl· 0 ~
F eh ru ary payroll <:. a nd who we re ce rti fi ect in th e re dew for cont inn ed
e mploy me nt. \\·orkers wh ose certifka ti o ns we re canceled as a re~ult or
the redew , worke rs a.."Signed 100 late in th e monl h to he inclu<led on ~ e hru ar y pay ro~ls , an d non relie r pe rsonne l are e,rl11d Nl. Pn lcss othe rw ise
sta. t~d , tins rev iew is the source or th e inform ati on prese nte<l in the
s~ct1 o ns su_m mari zin g: t he charac te risti cs of ,v PA \\ orkers and the dura•
tio n of t~ e ,r e m p \~y me nt. Sta te dislrihutions of \ VPA workers by age
groups. sne of farn 1ly, and durat ion of employ moot are shown in T able , .
or tb e a ppendi x.
102
REPOl{'I ().'.\ PROGRES
37
TA AL E
n,,.,,
Pim,
\r oHhFHS,
Toi al
,,
ltHl fl
l' otal
I
7
10
II
19
:...>o :.!-t
:it,
:m
W 44
-I ;)-
.iO
1q
:..i
..
... . ..
,;,; :,9
WI..J
fiS and
3
<;
,
5
12. fi
:..~J
:m :o
'2ft
1fft>r .
l\ l t>dian age_
...
---1
OF'
:-;EX
Ill Bl IIO's
E'sT\(;E
B) .\ , a ; CAOl l',S \ ' I) Bl
12. 7
12. ti
II. 7
9 5
fi I\
2. 9
42. 4
l\ll'n
!(HI II
I I
7 2
lll.'1
11 {1
12. I
12 ;-,
JOO. 0
ICHI. 0
ICHI ti
ICHl. II
a
I Ii
LS
2. 2
II fl
II I
14 3
13. 0
10. 4
2
HI.,;
Ill,;
11 i
14 . i
1:i s
12 ~
12. 2
11 i
13. 9
JO. I
10. s
Ill. 3
~I tl
j, 0
:i 2
i ~
4 7
.';_ ,4
1.3
1. ti
12. 9
10. I
12. fi
12 0
PA
\\·o mca
i\ l en
Total
\\ omC' n
\\
12 5
I
3(1 4
12
n
II 4
IO h
IO. 2
' 3
9
5.
I 7
JO. 5
II 4
1:J. 5
13. 4
12 5
11 0
1,.fi
5. 3
I. 2
=
=
-IO. 7
39 2
"' J>nta arC' from a special surn•r of the rm ploy rnPnt hi ~tnric s of "\VPA
workNS "hich madr 11st' of 1tw s1wrinl C'h<'C'k l':trd"' fi l11•d out for racb
\\- P.A workrr at tlw tinw of tlw ('\•n~11-. of P nrl ial 11: rnploymrnt. U n-
P1n1•l11ynwnl, an1! C>t·eu11 :.1 tion ~
tt
For wo rkns 1ndudt>1l. seti foo t note '..? on page_• IO I
di s trihution of pmjerl " ·or kc r. , ;1 res ult in part
of the murli la r ger '\YP.\ e mployment tota l t hat
applied to th e later period and rcflc r tecl the inr r cas .cl unemploym ent of t he time . R elat iYcly
more w orkers in Fehru:u•)T ]9:3!) than in Nm·rmhcr 19;37 \\·e re in eac h of the ngc gr ou p under
:3:) ycn rs, n. ncl t he median age of a ll workers was
lower by about t hree years . Thi s indi cates 1hat
m ,rn)T of t he \\·or kers 11·ho " ·er e added to the
'\\·p. \ prog rn m durin g l he period of xpa ns ion
\\·er e apprcf'iabl~- youn ge r th nn th e t)· piral
\\·orkcr in NoYemher H):37. Th e declin e in
nYc rage ag , h o" ·eyrr, " ·a. tru e onl)· of the m en.
\\'omen w o rkers aYe r:1 ged a hall' )· rn r older in
Fchruary Hl:39 than at t he en rl i<:'r elate. It
ho uld be not ed in co nn ect ion " ·ith t hr chan ge
in m edi a n :tgc that t he nurnh r r of m e n r mT
P 1<:Hl ' E'l'f.\(;E D1 ,-;T RIBI 110'1
\BLE 3, .
\\' OlthEH,._ I X .\ PHIL ]!)30 .\ 'sl) <W \\ P.\
F1rnnu.un
OF C: \J:-.:FVL
\\" oRKLll,._ IX
J!l39 , B) ,\ r: ~; C:non•,-, \
OF T II E \\'P A PRota't.\:\1
ployed on '\\'P.\ project d til >lcd during the
p e ri od 11·her :1s t he number of 11·om e n increa ed
only about 40 prrrent.
WP.A projrC"t worker a r c onl.v . lightly older,
3
Of the
in grn rrn l , thnn nil gainful w ork rs.
in
older
or
ga in f11l work rs 2.':> year. of age
year
39
and
1930, 47 per('r11t \\"N e hrtwer11 '25
of agr wher .a. on ly 44 percent of tbe WPA
em1 lo_\· cs n of F ebru:1r_\· 1939 w ere in thi
age rnn gc; a larger proportion of th e gainful
workers than of th e '\YPA w ork rs " ·er e in
each of the fiYe-:vear a gr groups under 40 .
In each of t h r a ge grou p s from 40 to G.5 )' ear ,
hm1·eyer , 11' PA w orker s ,1·0re propor tionall
m o re numer ous, fL mn)T b seen in T a ble 3 .
In the ra , e of ,1· rker G.5 _\' r:11·s of a ge or m re
thrre w er e rcla t iYel~- fe,1·cr 1YPA work er - a
r elationship r efl ec tin g the r ff rct on t he 11PA
of th e . orial ' ecurity progmm s for old-age
assis tance.
Jn t h r :n-rrnge '\\' PA f:1mi l_v in Frbrunry 1939
ther ,1· re n rn rl_\· fom (: .76 ) mrmher . Approx i.mn tcly GO p er cent of th e \\·orker w er e
upportin g hrn , thrre . or four perso ns, including
tlwrn srh-es , :rnd 30 per cent hnd to provid e for
3!l . P1rn <'t:'IT\C:E
\\ ' oH l,E lls , B, S 1zE OF'
T AR L is
' l olal
I
2.
3
4
5
\ Jiril
l'l:{fl II
\\ I'.\
\\. nrkt>rs
F1·hruan ·
Pl:{H r.
!IHI. II
JOO. 0
IO j
9 I
19 ;i
21 7
Ii . 7
21 -t
2'°1 5
211. i
12 9
7. 5
, 0
4 2
11. 4
n..;
2 3
I. 2
0. 7
o. 3
11 3
11. 3
0. I
, - 3 . 7'1
3. .,._
2. 93
7
A
12 3
.;_ 0
:! I
I 9
n. 9
fi
'
\Y PA
A
!IHI II
20. 7
21 fj
17 I
11 'i
9
Ill
II
12 or mon•
OF
St: x
Tot,11
:'.'\"um twr of Pnsons in Family
A H• rn.l!t' ninntwr pn famil)
n :1111f11l
\\ orkt•rs
D1:sTR 1 ArT 1o's
l".11 111, 1 A:-1 0 Bl
_:...---I
7 4
I fi
2. ~
I '
11. 9
o. 2
Fur workers inelutlPd. sl't' footnotl' 2 on paue 101.
ingle
( re T :1 hle 39 .)
numbering
pe rso ns cmployr d by t h e '\\'PA,
'202,000 , accou nt ed for nenrly 11 perrent of all
frn or more p<:'rson .
!IHI. 0
2fl~:..'Y
:l!l-:ll
:ltt '.HI
I(! 14
1.-.. 19
!"ifl !"~I
!t!'t ;,9
fi(l fl t
Ii!", nnrl oY('r
I Ii ~ I
1.i I
l ti :!
1:J 2
II ti
9 ti
7 I
.I. 3
fi.O
l.i '
14 Ii
14 0
1:1 4
12 4
11.'
q fi
fi.6
I
~ In dudf's only workt•rs. 2.'i yrars of fi[H' ond n 1d1 •r
h ~nurc·P: Fiftt•t• □ tb l•·nsuc: of lht· Cniu•d ;-;1:11t·s. 1c1:m. Population.
r F't1r workns incluckd. Sl'e footnotl' 2 nn pae:t• 101.
na..,C'<I on a eompnrisnn "1th all f!ai nful workers 2,1 :year~ of age or older
as slHn\ n i n the Hl~O C'ensus of Population There is reason to belie,-e
thnt C'hanges in the flJ!e di s lrilluti o n of nil wo rk ers ha ,·e not heen s uffi•
cien l ly ,l! rent to predude the ge neral ,·a lidit y o f the com pari son; the comparison is limited to \\ orkers 2:l yea rs of age o r older because o f tbe fart
that \ \' P.-\ l'lllplo:vnwnt b 11roYide<l on ly to 1he prinC'ipal "orker in each
CC and
Youn c:er per:-.on~ are typicnlly aided throu gh the
family
NYA programs.
10:3
E r.lPLOYl\lEJ\''l' .\SD Ei\ll'LOYEE:'l t · s 1>EH T II E WI' .\
C HART 5
WPA work(' rs . F:nnilies of the \\·omen on
,,PA pay roll " ·ere smaller b)' o ne, on the :1Ycrage, th a t th sc o f th e men , n ncl si_n gle-1wrso n
fn m ilie were reh1 tiY(']y about l \\·ic(' as numer::\ ten
(HI amon g the women as amon g th e men .
wi t h 1'::imilies of fi,·e or more members wC'l"e proportionntely t \vice n numerou s ns wmnen willi
uch fomilie .
Familie of " ' PA workers ,n'r e sligh ti)·
larger th:rn familic in th e ge neml po rrn lnli o n
of th country as indica ted hy the J ri:~o ('(,11 s11s.
Two-person families con titutcd 2::i pl'rcc• nt o f'
all families with two or more 1w rso ns in I ri:30
a compared with 23 pel"C'ent of the fomilic's o r
WP~\ ,\·o rkers. 4 (See Ta ble -lO.) :\fore th:111
TABLE -10.- P Fii(' E T .\ GE D 1s TR IIH fT I OX 01' .\ T.T, 1•' 1\llLLE ,-; I N Hno A'\'L F .U IILIES OF \\" P A \\" 0H 1, ~: n ,s I X
FEBRL" •\RY ] 939, DY ~I ZE OF l•' \\1 11, Y 1
Xumh r or Pe rsons in Family
- - - - -I
Total
19311 "
-· - •• ·-·-·--·- ...
6
9
JO
11
12 or more
700
700
-
600
500
5 00
400
400
2 00
300
-
300
2 00
~
100
100
1n:m r.
1()0 II
2.1. :i
22. fi
2'.{ :?
HI fl
IU. I
1:l I
1:i. o
K2
5. I
'· '2:1
.,.
:l. l
:1 2
J. 8
1.0
0. 5
0. 4
2. 0
0. (I
II ,1
O3
,dudes one--person familie~ hecausc of in(·o rnparn-
b1ht1es hel\,C'C'o (kfioitions applyi n~ to the two st..• ts nf data.
o ~'---'--'--.,_.,__,__,__...,_...,__c_.___ _.__,__..,__,__ __.__, O
8 and
7
6
5
4
3
2
over
NUMBER Of" PERSON S IN FAMILY IN C LUDIN G TH E WPA WO RKER
21 2
24 percent of th e \\"'PA workers were from
fa milies of three person s wlw re::i les th ::i n 23
percrnt of all famil ies in 192 0 were of thi size.
imilarly , m os t fomily izc groups of m or e
than thre(' p er on wer e ligl I tly more numerou , rcla tivcly, among ,YPA workers than
among ::i ll families. Except for the sm,1ller
number of t wo-JH' rso n fomilies, h owc'n'r , t he
ize of tb c fomilie of \YPA workers fo ll o wed
the di tribution of th r genernl populntion.
About 14 percent of th e workers on , VP.A
project in Febrn:iry 1939 were N rgroe . Till'
pereent::ige on esponcl cl closely witb th e relative number of Negroes regis terin g a rn1employed at th e time of the Nowmber I ~J:37
unemployment censu s; it w:1 s somc•wha.t l:1rg-c r,
•1:11 <' ('Om pariso n
THOUSANDS
Of WORKERS
OF WO RKE RS
1
' nl'-pe rso n familie ~ omi tt rd herause of i nC'o L11J lflrn hi11t iC'f. ht>l\\t'C'll
th1..• t,,o sC' ts of data.
tt ~ourre: Fif1 eenth rrnsus of tht• Coi t t..•d ~ t :.H t'!-i , ltl:{0, Populntlon.
C For workns inclu<kd, see footnote 2 on JHl i;!l' 101.
4
_
Fe bruary 1939
THOUSANDS
F :11111hP ~
of \ \" I' I
\\'orkl rs
Fl'hnrnn
0
JUI),
2 3
•••••••••
4
5 • -
Tot:tl
Pnpulat i11n
.lpri l
DISTRIBUTION OF WPA WORKERS
BY SIZE OF FAMILY ..
• See footnote 2 In the text for coverage of data
WPA
3368
howeYer , th a n t he nu mht' r of N eµ; rnes ,1mo11g t he
total families (9 perC'cnt) reported in t he l rJ:30
Cen s us of Populn tion. This is exidcnc of t he
gre:1ler incidence of UlH'rnploymen t on egrocs
thnn on \\·bi te worke rs :mcl s ho ws :m adjustment
in the WPA program to that f::iet.
Tli e differences in m.c·in I compos ition for :1 ll
fomilie ' ,1s again st unemployed r eg is t rants ,rnd
T .1Ru; .J- 1. - XEGRO l•'.1\I LL1~;,-,, l '\'B~tl'LOYED HE(:1 s THA:-1Ts, ,\:-I D \Y PA \ \' 0 1i1d; H,s ,1,; P~; 1{(' ~:.vr .1,:E,-; OF
HE ,S l' Jsl 'T l \ "E TO'l' \ L,S, B\' C:EO(: llA P ll l< ' \ I !lECIO NS
Hqdon
A
-
Xnrth ras tnn
11 '.!
" I~
;\ l id wes ll'rn _
Ill 2
21 I
Soutlwrn __ _
\ \.Psh'rn ____ _
I
2 '
\ ~tnll'S includt><l in till' rt •gw ns an.• n., follows: '\orttwastnn :\rw
England stat1.•s, ~l'W Jl'rSt.•y. '\e,\ York, and Pennsyln1 nia . .:\Jid,,n,t-
l l!111oi s, lndiana, I owa. Ka nsas, .:\lichieon, ).fimwsota . .:'\lissou11.
'=t•hraska, .'.'\orth D akota, Ohin, ~ou th D akola, and \\"i sron:--in : So11 th\ lahama. ~\.rk 1nsas, I )t'lawn rl', I )i strirt of ( 'olumhia, Florida,
<.ror1.da, KPntucky, Louis1ann, \l nrylaml, .:'\Ji s:-.iss1 pp1, ~orth Carolina.
Oklahoma. So u th C'arolin n. T1·1111t•ss4..11·, Texas, \ -i rgi nia, and \\'L•st , ·irt!i nia : \\"i'sll'rn the rcnrni 111nc. s tall's
8 :-iourc•p: Fifte1.•ot h C',•nsus of 1lw l ·nitl'd ~ta tt>s, IUan. Population
r Sourrt•: Census of Part inl Employment, l ~np111ploym e nt. and
,·rn
1-rn
I keupat ions.
n For \\o rh. ers ineludl'd,
Sl'L'
fou t11 11t 1.• 2 0 11 pa~l' 101.
10-t
REPORT 0 1
'\' PRO GRESS OF TH E WPA PRO ,R M
,YPA wo rkprs :,ppl_y i11 g-<'n('r:1I lo t,\i p n, ri o11s
n'gi1ms i1tto 1d1ich tlw c·o1mtry lllll)' IH' di,·id ed .
:t\'q.1,TOPs r<'p res<'nt<'d l:1rgn j)<'IT<'nta ges o f the
10 :3 7 unernplo)' <'cl rq ris tranl s t h:rn of to Lal farnili<'. in I 9:30 in fl ll S<'dions of the c·o1mtr)·; CX('e pt
for th e 80 11th , the' propo r tions of Negroes werP
s trikingly large r among- 1mcrnplo)· ed regis trnnt s
than among the gen e ral ropu lat ion . (Sec Tn hi e
41. )
egro 11·orkers on t he \YPA wer e moderatcl)' more numerous titan 1n're thP "Negroes
r egis t ring a unemplo:ved , exre pt in the So uth
,d1ere a reverse relations hip h eld .
In the ('O urse of operating t h e \YP A program
spe<"ia.l in t cr e t has, on O('ra.sion , been attached
to two g roup of emplo)' ees: pe rsons pres uma bl y eligible fo r aid 11nder SO(' ial se C'llrit)· pr,)gram s a.nd Yeternns . l\Jos t of the 1YPA workers
6.5 )' ears of age or older normall)' would he
elig ible for old -age assis tanC"e; \YPA 1rnrkers
of t his age numbered about 44 ,000 in F ehrnal')'
1939 . Simila rly , so me 91 ,000 fnmilic s of WP.A
workers were pres urnil bl_v eligible, on the bas is
of family <"ornposition, for ni <i to dependent
c hildren .
!fore than a third of these fnmilics,
however, were in six s tate, in whi('lt progrnm s
for aid to d ependent r hildren were not in opcrnt.ion. Veteran s n.re a g ro up eligible for prdcren('p in assignnwnt to 1TPA jobs under t lw
pro,· isions o f r crent ERA Ads. Amon g the
workers re rtifi ed for C"On tin ued 1\TPA employment in F chruar_v Hl 3\l 11·er e about 247,000
perso ns who r epo rted thern seh es as veteran s.
These persons, of \\·h orn almos t 14 peffent were
sin ~le lL C"ompared with 11 per('ent of nll 1YPA
workers, repre, entcd nhout \l per('ent of the
totnl l'i' PA emplo)· m pnt a t t h e time .
Duration of Employment of WPA Workers
Th e workers who in Febr11ar? 19. 9 wer e
co ntinu ed on 1YPA projPds after inves ti gntion
of need had been c·ontinuous l)· e lllplo!·e(! nt
'V\' PA work for nn :w r:1 g r prriod of n littl e
more tlrnn onp !' Par (the mrdian n11mlwr of
month s i . 12...1- )." r- l os t of tltr w o rkers had
h<'cn added to t li e prog ram s ubseq11<' n t to the
autumn of 193 7 follcrn·in g t he nhrnpt recession
6 1lnrati on of c·o ntinuo11!-i employ ment is 111ensurerl h~ lhe numher of
ron secuti,·e ea len<lar mnntl1 s inc·l11din iz and 1mmedi::itely preerdine
February 10:19 that a worker·s na111e appeared on payrolls of any \\"P.\ ·
o peraled projects: emplo~n11en1 on projec-t s o perated hy o ther Federal
agrncies is not included .
in hus iries, activity 1v hic-h beg an nt th at time.
the person s 1rnrkin g O il \\' P.\ projects in
F e bru,u)· l 930 nearl!· :W p r('e nt h:1d h ad continu ous \VP A cmplo_ymcn t for less t it an six
m o nth s, 2 pc r('c nt from ix mont hs t one year,
nnd 22 per cent from o ne year to a _yea r and a
half.
Toge ther th ese g roup
:1('C'Ount for
70 per(' ent of tir e total ,in(l r ppre ent the
worke rs whose emplo.v m ent bega n after Augus t
193 7. T he r e mainin g :30 p erC" ent of the worker ,
as of February i 939, lrnd been ('O ntinu ously
emplo!red at \VPA work for longer p eriocl s- 13
percent from o ne and a half to three year and
17 p er rcnt for t hree year or more.
or
T A BL E +2 .-
\\' PA
Dli<TRTBUT!Oi\' 0 1'
Di:rnAT l ON OF
,Y ORKER ., BY
E.lll'LOD ! ENT AN D BY
Sex
A
F EHHL1 .\RY 19:39
Toi al
Months or Continuous
!employment
N um ber
I Per•
cent
I eo
\\'omen
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -Total
D
Less thnn 6 ···-··-·• ···-·-··
6- 1 I
. . -·----·--·--·--··
12- 17
JS- 23
24- 29 •
30- 35 _
-
36 or more
!\fediao number or mootbs .
-- -
2, 732. 2Sl
100. 0
100. 0
LOO. 0
54,1. 066
77~. 829
500, 9.55
11 8, 928
151, 58 1
86, li4
4G0, G02
19. 9
28. 5
21. 6
4 4
5. 5
3. 2
16. 9
20. 4
29. 0
22 l
4. I
5. 2
2
16. 3
16. i
25. 5
I .3
5. 9
.0
,1. 0
20. 6
12. 4
12. 2
------
' For workers i ocl11ded, see foo t note 2 on
H
·nage
-----
91
I
14 . 6
101.
l ncludes llfi workers fo r whom Uurn li on of employment wa s not
repor ted.
As shown in Table 42 , the nu m h er of II orker
\\·ith JR- 23 month s f co ntinu ou s e mploym ent
\\' HS romparntiwly sm a ll (4 .-1 pel'C'ent) fl n I
s imilar small percentn ges appl? to the 24 29
month and the 30 :35 month int en ·a ls. Th ese
intcrYn ls COYe r pcrcon s wh ose 1YPA emp loyment hcg nn between ~lnrc h 1930 and August
1937 . ~lu ch larg-er prnportion s of 1YPA
workers :ire found i11 t h e (i- 1 l and J2- J7 month
in terY:1 ls, coYeri n g pe rsons whose employment
lwga n b etween SeplPmbcr 1937 ancl August
l\l:3 L. 1Yorke rs with 6- l 1 month s o f continuous emplo~·ment , for exa m.pie , ac ounte I for
rnorr t itan 28 percent of tl1 e Fehruar.v 1939
ernplo~·ment total; these were\\" rk ers t hat h ad
heen nssigned to 1\'PA projects beb,·een i\Iarch
ancl Au g ust 19:38.
The primar_v rea on for the grea t Yariation
in the numb er of worker in the differ ent !urn-
EMPL Yi\l E:'\ ' 1' .\.\i i
Ei\ l PLOYl~l£S l N l)EH THE WPA
t,i n intcrY:i ls is lo be fou nd in th e' trend s i11
iY PA rmp l,>ymen l s ince th e prog ram w,1 s
initiated . Jfor xa m pk , fro m .Februu r )- t9:3(i
un t i! th e fo 11 of 1037 t h e ge ner:11 trrnd of
employment wa s downward . D u rin g t h is peri od rebtiYe ly fe wer persons were brin g :1clckd
t
iY PA project th ::rn in t he p re,·iou :,; and
ucceed ing m onth s w l1 r n 1\' J>A emp loy m e n t
" ·a in r eas ing .
T he p::u tic-u la r cl d ri butio n of t he conlinuou ly em ployed ns of Februa ry 19:39, 11·it. h
re pect to tl1 e le ngt h of t heir employment, wu .
fundamen ta ll)' innu en eecl by th e c ha n ges tb:1t
h acl ta ke n place in totu l \\TPA emplo?men t.
T h e inn uence of ot her facto rs, s uc h as may be
seen in gro upin gs o f th e iVPA w o rkers hy sex,
age , p lnce of w or k, size of fu mily , and t~·p e of
p roject w er e ubonlin :ite to t he dl'c rt o f t he
employm ent tr en d.
Wom .n worker s h nrl :1Yer,igcll co ns id e r:1hl~·
longer cont inu o us ern p lo>·menl on iYPA pro j cts
a of F ebru:11-y 1939 tl1 a n m e n (l 4.6 us ompared ,,-itb 12.2 mon th s). About 40 per cent
of th e wom e n and less t ha n :30 per ce n t of th e
men b ad h eld a iYPA job fo r 18 mon t hs or
lon ger . ( ee T a bl e 42 .) Th e rel ut ively lnr ge r
number f m en in enc h o f t he d ur:1tion interYal s un de r 1 m o nth r e fl ects t he f: ct t h:1t in
th e expa n sion of i\' P \. em ploym ent a fte r l 937
t,h e prop or t ion al in nen ses wer e grenter for me n
th an wo m en . Act 11 nll_v, th e nrt ga in s in WPA
em ploymen t h et11·er n NoYem her l !=1 37 n nrl
Feh n 11 r y J 939 wNe 9--t. peJTe n t in t he cnsr
\\-Oil l lcN HE P llE ,-; 1,:\' T ONlc oc-r llF E 1- ~: l{Y :-;1s 1· 1,N
\\'PA ll'Ol{KEH :-
o f me n ,1n<I :37 pe rcen t in t he case nf 11-om r n .
_\ ge d iffer entia ls we re im po r ta n t in t he co nti nui ty of employm ent of \V PA wo rkers . Tli c
median lengt h of t he empl oym en t pe riod in creased consis ten tly wi t h eac h fi ve-yea r age
gro u p , from lcs t h an JO m o n t hs for wor ke rs
un cler 25 yea rs of age to at least 15 m on t h
fo r 1vo r kers of ,5. or m or e. (Sec T a bl e 43.)
Barely 15 p er cen t of t he worker. unde r 2.5
)'ears o f age h:1 d h ad WPA em p loy m e n t [o r JR
mon t h. or m or e a.lt ho 11 g-h ove r 40 p er ce n t of
t he wo r kers in t l1 e age g ro ups of ,5.5 or n ho1·c
Pt•rc·l·DI of \\"ork,•rs C'o n1in11ou sl~ Ernploy,·d F'or
:'.\. l l•tllan
Nu111 lw r
Ag(~ n ronp ( YC'ars)
~umlwr of
\\. ork<•rs
~{ n •:t rs
or ·mon•
12ot
1 ,,
of :\fonth~
,·,,ars
:! y,•a rs
1 1 :.i y1 •;1rs
I yP::tr
1i1on •
or ,non·
or mon•
or n1<m •
12
or
y1•1tr
Jll(Jrt '
of r ont muous
Employnw nt
Tola I
Jli H
L'n,kr 25
2.,;...29
:i 12. :i:.?ti
30-34
3.,;-39
40- 44
4fH9 ___
.\0-M
'\ 1-.... :i:.? J
5.~.19
60-G4 __ _
65 anrl over
:J ifi. O~:.?
1:32. 01:{
:ll8, :3 2!1
29A. 2R I
2ifl. \I l,"1
:.?:!i, :iii'-.
I -~i. fi:.?2
1:l. 471
Ii:{
If) ti
111\
Ii l
l\J 2
20 I
22 I
2~ fi
21 ~
2\l :\
:.?O I
' ·3
13.
2
17 ,r,
20. fl
22 . S
2-1 II
2S. 7
27 I
29 II
:1 1 ii
" For wo rk er s in r lu derl srP footnotl' 2 on pagp JOJ.
8 lnC'l u <h• s JHi workrrs for \\ hnrn duration of <'mploy1111·nl ,, ns no! n •port, •d and 111,n:{ I for whom
Sil I
II ti
1'2 I
11 I
21 :i
H -..;
II I
2,1 i
1 I ~I
211 0
311 :l
1'2 Ii
2~ I
30. I
~2 3
32. 0
17 7
'22 ti
34 7
3 1 :i
3fi. 2
13. 0
1:11!1•
wn ,
1:i . '2
\:{ ,1
37 I
40 II
11
41. (i
49 l
IS .,
not n •[Hlflt'd.
:i
J.1.0
Ii 7
106
R E PORT ON PRO C: 1-tESS OF TH E WPs\ PROC:RAM
Imel hern rmplo)·Nl at, leas t that long. Bctwr rn t ht'S<' two ex t rcrncs t he pen·rn tn gr;-; of
worker,- with 18 or mo re month: of employrnr nt s ho\\· c-o n. is tr n t innr:1sr s wit h ng-e. Thi.
indi cntrs thn( tli c rr prohnbly w ere rcl:1tively
numerou s :1dditions of )'O tmgcr w orkers to th e
program in t,hc ) 'C' :11' and a quarter between
NoYembrr Hl:~7 :rnd F chrunry 1939 . Com parison with infor mntion ns of the carlirr date
shows t lrnt the numhN of workers wh o wer e
under 40 yr:Hs of :1g-r irwrr:isrd l 2 1 pcrc- cnt
(luring this perio d w herrn s th r net incrcn sc in
workrrs 40 y r aL of agr or old er amount ed to
on l)' G4 percr n t..
The lor nl cmployrnrnt situnli o n i, :111 important fnrt-or nffcrtin,..; th r conti nu ity of WPA
employment. Stranded r omrn un iti<'s ;1nd di st r es. ed llrE'n s prcsrnt extrem e cxamp lrs of cond ition s under which workers mi gh t he experted ,
hcrnu sr of t he bck of pri vat r employm ent
opportunities, lo r r main on th e 'i'l'PA prngmrn
for long per iod s. In lrsscr drg rers the sam e
tcnden e)r is li kely to he found in mos t indu s t ri ll l
comm un ities wl1 r r r worker s d epe nd a lm os t
exclu sively on thrir pa:vroll en rnin gs. Th e
ex tent of t h r chnn g-cs in employment oppor t uni ties in difl'r rr nt :u rn s sh o uld nlso be eonsidnrd s in ce th r :Hra :,; in w hi ch no rn:nked
cxpnn s ion or ru r!n ilmcn l of priYn tc employnwn t or r t1rrr d nre likel)· to hr t he ones chllrn ctcri zrd h)' lon ger continui ty o f 1YPA cmploymrnt. ]n ru ral nrc•a , wh cr r lnrg-c srnsona,l
mnYrm rnt s in employment opport unities are
drnrntt r ri. tic- , a shorter aYcrn ge duration of
WP A cmployrn cn t is typ icn l.
Jnflu rnres o f thi .
rt ar e rc lkrtcd in t h e
clur:1tio11 data for different popu lati on groupin gs. The short rs t a,·cr agc prri od o f em ploym ent (11 m onths) wn s fo un d in rural co un ties
h:win g in HJ:30 no rnunicip::tlit)· "·ith as many
as 5,000 inhabitants. (Sec Table 44. ) Averngr durat ion of employm ent in cren scd om e\1·li at wi lh tl 1e s ize of muni cipaliti es, averaging
sli g htly Jr ss t han 12 month s for counti r s having
nnmicipnlities with from . ,000 to 25,000 and
from 25,000 to 50 ,000 inh abi ta nt , nncl n,bout
13 month s for count ies w ith citi r in t he 50 ,000
to 100,000 gr o up . For the rnos L popu lous
area s h nYin g c iti es of 100 ,000 or more person s
t he dm:1tion of 1YPA employ m en t nveragecl
18 1~ m ont hs (13 mon ths if Ne\\· York C ity i
exc lud ed ). Sirnihr r r ln tionships appear in the
prnportions of workers fo und in t he seYera l
gro upin gs arrorcl in g to length of continuous
employ m en t . Th e propo rt ion of workers em- ,
plo~·ccl fo r t hree years or more , fo r exn rnple,
in r rra scd with th e pop-ulll ti on con ce ntra tion of
thr :1rcn , :lYcrngin g abo ut tw ice as lll rge in the
mos t hi ghl y urban areas a, in tli e rural coun ties
(22 8s rompnrecl with less thnn 11 percent) .
The size of th e worker ' family clicl not h an
mu ch 8pparc nt, effect on th e clurnti.on of his
\YPA r mploym ent. Th e m ed inn p eriod per
work er inrrcn sccl , though very grndu nlly , from
l\ feclia n
X umber of
:l l ont hs ol
l 't'H'l•nt of \\' tirk1.•r-" Conti ou o11 ~ly Em ployr-ct F'nr:"J 11rr il H r of
\ \'or kt: rs
1
UrhA ni1.,1t1on flro u p 11 ( l opu lation)
1
21,
t. Hi2,8 1H
:10. 0
34. 4
1 - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - !S I. 77!i
12 I
Iii ~
IY. 7
Sf-. Ii
GI !i
!12. 2
13. 5
r 2, 732. 2."l 1
Nrw York C' it y
Other cit ics
11)11,II00 ..
I
R0.000
2S.OOO-o0,ll00
5.0011- 2:i,(lOO
=
oder 2.oOO
1.~,11:· (:~i: 22h. 21 i
h 10 CO2
::
=~
Yt'ar ~
or mon•
or more
20 0
25. 6
yea r s
or rnor
29 g
year
or mon'
51 .\
~=:~: I=::~ - : ~ : : I
i
l,{ h
n
~-l'a r s
... ---- •
....... _
20 /i
49 7
:~:
79 .
:::o
2'"? tl
2h H
49 5
7'l-. I
11 9
Ill !i
13 ..I
HI o
13 I
13 o
I
23. 7
22 1
.1·111, 1111> ,
.i
12. 4
l fi 4
2 12. 801
:1 I'· 1112
)(l
E mpl oyme nt
I Fi ,
____ ______________ _
n,lor 5,0011 .... ..
2,500 !\, 1100
l' s
Cont inuous
Toto!
Over 100,00I)
2
~>
yt>ar
or more
YL':Hs
or mcm'
"l
ll 9
===
19 8
24. I
4.\ . R
H. 1
l!. l
23. i
24. 8
73 2
7fi. I
10. 9
11. 2
19 f,
20 0
4 .1 0
4!i. :l
====
A For workers iurludcd ~<'1' foot notf> 2 on JKll!l' 101.
n Hrhaninltion groupin:r~ are ha-.;rd upon a cla ..::sifiration 11f ro1 1ntit>~ '\C'C'nrdin~ tn the 19~0 popul ntion nf the lari!l'C. t mu niripa litr in each co u nty.
Inrlndrs 116 workPrs for whom d11 rntion of employ11wnt wa ~ not n•porlc'd :111d 10 fnr who111 si7r of comrn11nity wa,;; not rrported .
c
107
E l\IPLOYME " I' AND E I PLOYEES UN DEH 'l'H E WPA
T A Bl,E -1.5.
D 1s 1' R I RUT I OX
OF
\\. PA
\\' oRKER>-;,
H)
' l'y pg,-;
F!<~Bl<I \I{'
OF
PRO.IE("l',S
I ND
R)
l h TR \T IO N
OF
1,; MPLOY\lB XT A
l! l:{11
~\l1•dinn
1 - -P<.'r(•Pnt of \\' ork 1 rs ron tinu o us ly 1.;rnployNI l•'or
1
of
\l onth.., nf
::-,.:lllll i H'T
'l' y pr of ProjPrt
Total
Numhl'r of
Work,-rs
A
2, i32. 25 l
3 yPa rs
or more
2 1'..! yrars
or morL~
20. 1
Hi
'2 Yl'fl TS
or 111on•
11.! yl'a r s
25. fl
30. 0
I yrn r
or more
or rnorc
51. f,
ani ta tion a nct hea lth
Goods. o t11n than sPwi ng
1' fisrell ancous _
Nooconstru cti on ___ ____ _
\\'b ite collar
Educa tion
R ecrra t io n _ _
A
B
16. 5
19. ,;
J1'1. H71
[33. 134
2;3, 11 0
38, 1.17
rn . i
12. 4
17. 8
21 8
22. s
2i~ I
ll~.R08
li . 2
20.0
14
20. o
2 1 ,I
2 1 .I
mrnt
12. 4
~0. I
22.
12. ll
--
11.f,
II . ti
13. 2
Ill. g
J:l. 11
29. 0
4; _7
~O. 4
19. ,i
25.8
28. 6
30 . R
23. 0
30. l
32. 8
.1 1 9
s:l. 0
2-1. 2
3 11
12. 1
13. 11
.1u
so. s
12. 5
=I====
580
84. 0
14 . I
15.0
ii-1. 0
ii2. 8
:11,211
17, 3
212
280
33.2
50,009
1\l. g
n .3
:l!l. 4
34 7
1=====1====1==1=
21.7
2G.5
34. 4
102
21~ ~1~
s
37. sr,o
30. G
38 r,
46. 3
51
~r,
WR
B 7
~I
2119. OG7
28, f,98
1. . f,
3:l 1
22 8
38;
29 8
4~ 4
3,1. ,I
.15. 4
1
·===
1s=3_=s=13= ===2=0=7
2s. 9
n
39. I I f>
_
Profess iona l anci -.rrvicC' (C'xcl. F('dnnl ~a t io n-widr)
FC'dera l Nation-w ide __
SC'win e; _
22,. -196
3 11 , 74 l
_
l~rnploy-
! fl ..
18. fi I
23 G I
2i. fJ
50. l
- - - - ! - - - ! - - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - -1, 2 1.~. 2 19
I t.;)
172
222
2fi. O
·Hl. 2
7R.~
2,212, i l.1
Ili ~hways . roads. and s trrr ts
_______ _ __
Public huilrlings
_
Parks and othC'r rcc-rratio nal rarilitirs
ConserYatio n
t'.iwrr sys1rms and oth(' T utilitirs
_
.\ irnorts anct ot her tra nsportation facili tirs
Cont iIIUOll '-
~
1
Constru t'lioo _
1 ~ yea r
or m ore
9
I
39 "
72. 4
811
82. 7
.1 1 3
7R7
.13. 3
807
12. H
~
--1 -1
r,r,_o
~R. 4
I
~ 1
~O
5,1. I
f,,I 7
8 I. 9
7. 2
.1s ii ~
14 7
20 0
!(\_ I
13. 3
22 7
,:= ==1=
4.=7
For workers in clurlrrl. SC'C foot notr 2 on nal!r 101 .
Includes 11 6 workrrs for whom duratinn of rmployme nt ,vas nnl n'portNl an<I Rfl2 fo r whom typ(' of projH•t <•mploy mrnt was not report rrl.
under 12 m on ths for sin gle workers to sli gli tly
more than 13 month for work ers " ·it h famili es
of eigh t or m ore persons. Sirn il nrl y , th e proportion of worker wli o h nd been continu ously
employed for 1 m onths or longer r o. e from 28
percent for single person s to 32 perccn t for peron from th lnrgest fnmili es (eight or more
persons) . The con tinui ty of n wor k er ', employment h owed eYen mnll er v:1 rintion n between race sin ce th e avern ge period wns bnrcly
a third of a month longer for negro th nn for
wbite work ers, 12.7 as comp:1recl with 12.-1
month s.
Th durntion of WPA employment nveraged
about two and a h nlf months longer for workers
on noncon struction pr jcct th nn for p er o ns
engaged in the vario us type of con s truct ion
work; for the fo rm er th e nvcrnge was l ei- ½
months and for th e lat ter , 12 m on ths. (SC'e
T able 45. ) This difference rnny be ntt rih utccl
in part to th e fa ct th at th e n et in cr ense in C'mployment durin g th e expansion period from
Jovernb r 1937 to F ebruary 1939 was co niclera bly greater for cons tru ction t h an for nonco n truction projC'cts. S uch n ri ntion as 1n1 s
present among the indiv idu al ty pes of eo 11 strnc-
tion proj ec ts is of limit ed signifienne e bC'cnuse
th e d ntn tak e no necoun t of th e num erou ,
shifts of workers from on e type of proj ect to
anoth er. Transfers nre less lik e!)· to be made
between constr11 ction and noncons trn ction proj ects or nm ong th e vnrious t_v pes of noncons truct ion nc t i,rities nncl J r obnbly, t her C' for e, do not
qunl ify too severely th e cl urntion data for different mnj or t,y pes of projects in th e no ncons tru ction fi eld . Th e duration of ,VPA empl oyment wn s longest (nlmo t 23 mon th.) for work ers
on th e F edernlly sponsored J n tion-w i le proj ec t ;
th ese proj ec ts, h owever , which nccounted for
only a small frn ction of th e totn l C'mpl oyment,
did not C'xp eri r nce th e lnrgc in c rease th at eh aracteri zecl total employm en t during th e period
between th e nut urnn of 19::l7 nncl F ebruary 1939.
,Yorkers on edu cn tion nnd on r rcr cnt ion proj ects
nlso we're ernplo)red con tinuously for n lo nger
nveragc period thnn " ·ere all 11PA em ployee. ,
th e rn ecl inns for th e. e group bein g 20 nncl 16
m onth ., respect ively. For all white collnr
workers th e avera ge continu o 11 empl oymrn t
int crvnl was lC'ss th nn 1.5 month .. A simil nr
in tcrvn l npplies to persons employed on scwmg
projects.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Appropriat ions
T Asu;
Iii.
:-;ot H< E
\\" P.\
,w Fl''-' D~
l 'X DER 1 11 ~~
EHA
Av .\ 11, 1RLE
. \ ('T 01'
TO
THE;
1938
th e \\'PA prog r,lln
Fthroughfort hecontinuingyear e ndin g ,Jun e 30, I Q:HJ , 11·cre
UN DS
,1pprop ri:1 ted in Title l of th e \York R e lief ,rnd
Pu hi ic W o rks Approprin tion Ad of I 9:38 , ,l t itle
e itrd ,i s t he Emergene)· R eli ef Appropriation
Ad of J!:J:38, and in t,rn su bse qu ent joint resolutinn s. Th e 10:3 L A et , :tp prnvccl .June 2 1,
HJ:ii-1, diffe red frnm ea rlier E H.A Acts in t1H1t it
nw d e direct .1 pproprintion , to t he \\' P A 11 nd
th e ot h e r :q:en(' ic's ,1clm inis teri11 g tbt' work re li ef
and 1·e lirf prng r:1ms wh e rem, in the pr io r :ids
t,li e :1 pprop ri,1tio ns 11·e re m .1d c for s pecified
types of .1rti,· itY th e fund s to be ,1 ll oc.1ted to
indi,·icl11nl ngen('ies .it th e direc tion of th e
Prrsid e nt . Sin('e the 1Q:3 .\ ct pnwid ed t li.1 t
\ \'J>.\ npproprintions s hou ld he npport ioned to
eo ,·r r t he first eigh t mont hs of t he fi se nl _ve,ll', a
prriod t hat mi g h t be reduced hy t he Presid ent
to seve n mont hs if co ndition , m,1d e t he a c tion
nN·c>ss,1ry , ;1ddit ionnl funds were r equired to
finnnc e t h e \YPA prngr:1111 t hro ugh out t h e rem:i in d er of t he _veur. Su c h fund s were prov id ed
in t\1· 0 su pplenH' nt ,il .1pproprintion s. the first
npp roved on l~r hr11 ,1ry -le , 1n:rn. :1 nd thr sec ond
011 April 13, I Q:3~l.
~ct ,1 ppropri:1tio ns to t h r \\' P.\ u nd e r t he
l g;rn Act a nd its s upplrmen ts nm ounted to
.-2.2.'i-!.000 ,000. (See Tn bl e -!6 .) Th e ERA
.\ ct o f 19:38 itself fl pproprinted .· 1,42.s.OOO,OOO
togrt her 11·ith b.dnnC'rs of 1037 Aet fund s
;111101mtin g to $:3 1.-100 ,000; $72.5,000, 000 wa s
m:1d e nv:1 il nb le thro ugh the first nddi t io nal
fl pprnpri nLion (Pu blic R eso luti on No. l , 7Gt h
C'o ngr es ) mid ,i' I 00.000,000 t h ro ug h th e seco n d
(Public Reso lution "o. 10, 76th Con g res ).
108
Spee1fic \ ppropriat ion s·
EH .I .let or 1u:1, ( Puhlic Hesolution
Xo. 122, 7.5th ('on ~ressJ
. -·· ___ $1,425, 000, 000
Puhlu· Hesolut10n :--o. I. 76th Con•
gress
..
725. um. tKIO
Puhl,(' Hesolul!Oll :--o. 10, 76th Con•
ercss
100. UIMl, 11()(1 . 2,250,000,000
Heappropriation or 1\137 EH .\ .\ ct Balanc
31. 399,671
Total Funds .lppropr1:1ted to the 11·rA
Transfer to He~ubr .\ppropn atioo of the
<,nrp~ or 1-:< ng1neers
___
T ransfers to Other _\ p:cncies for 1938 ERA
.\ ct Pt1 rposes:
18,000,000
\\"atcr c·onsen·utIon and uLiJiLy projects.
5,000,000
Puhlil' ll ealth~cnice .
Pur r! o I{ ico l-< eeonst
ruction
____
'2, 2hl. 399,671
I,211 , fi6fi
Administ r ::i.•
lion
·-······ -····. ...
ll'ork relief supply fund ................
:\"et F'und s .\ppropn ated to the \\'P A
Tr:111 .s fer:,;. 10 F'edcrnl A.gen ·1es under
.\ rt of rn:r"'I
~IKl,000
3,000. tlOO
27, 4l l , 665
2, 2.5'.J, 9
, 006
ection 3, ERA
81,628,607
Funds .\ , a1 lnhle ror Programs Operated by the II' PA
2. Iti9. 359. 399
.-\dt111ni strati, e e, pen ses H
2. OiO. 457. 962
IS, 750. 000
109. 7fi8
74. H55, 7S4
Undis1nhu1ed hy program s
h, I 5,
ll'orh projeets.
Purchn._e of su rplu s clothing
·-·-·-·--·-···
___________ _
.\ id to :-.el f-help and too per:lli,·e associatioos _______ _
' Does not I nc-lwle . i.1,000,000 approprrnted am ! . i:i2,000 reappropriated
to the ~ationfll Youth .\dmini strnti on.
u l nC'ludcs admtnistrnti,·e e,penses of the NY A.
Sou rC'e U . R. 'Treas ury Deportment report on the srat us of fund s and
nna ly~es ofe,pend 1tures under 1he ERA Acts of J935, 19:16, 1937, and 19 ,
,s or June 311, t93Y .
From the fl lll Otm ts appropriat ed to th e \ VPA,
$ 1 ' ,000 ,000 w,1s trn n !'erred to the Corps o f
En gin ee rs b? t he \Y :1r D ep nr tment C iv il Appropri,1tion Act , fi sc fl l year 1039 . Other \YPA
f uncl , ngg reg:1 ting . ·g .412 ,000 11·Cl'e t r:1ns l'errecl
for s peC' ifi r pu r poses in acrordan c wi t h lcgisln ti w prn,·is io n ', le:1Ying th e totfll o f $2,2.54,000 ,000 :n-a il.i ble for \YPA prog r,1m s.
1 J
nrluding . 1, 212,000 to the Puhlic I l ealth Sen·ice for medical. surgical.
·uHl hospital sen tees 10 injured emergency relief \, orkers, and for furnishin ~ technical supen·ision for comm un1t~ sanitatioo, malaria control
l<'J N .\ N ' ! AL S
Thr u gh , crt ion 3 o f th E TL \ .\ rt of I f:l3 , ,
a amended, t hr .\ drninist rntor n l' t i ll' \\' PA
,,·ns a uth o ri zed lo tr:lll,-fc r an :1mou11l 110( lo
exc eel '88,000,0 00 to o ther FC' dNal ngc'n cir ,;
fo r th operation o f proj .cL simil a r lo l hose
pro ' C'CU trd b)· Lh C' \rPA . Tm nsfr rs mnd C' in
accordan cr wit h thi s provi. ion tok1i0d $8-~,n:rn ,000 a of Jun e 30 , l!'J:39. C'o11Srqucnt l)' , t hr nC't
a1 prop ri a tions tlrn t wrrc avai la ble du ri11 g t hr
fi en! yea r l'or prog rnrns opc' rflte d directly by
th e \VPA totaled ."2 ,lti!l.3.59 ,000 .
J\1 1\I.\ 11Y
]00
17
\\' P \ F' n'1 DR Tn ,,>:svE nH ED -ro F~; ,mn .\l
T ,,HLE
~ C l 'T IO X
A nr,;"S; c· 11s "
lJ'\; l) !; l t
] !)3 , , BY
(; J~NC' I E S
C't
3
O F T II E
I•: H A
\ll f. ATIVF. TII HO l' GH J U NE 30,
man
A ni o1111 l T ra n~-
Age.ncy
ferrerl
D ep~lrt mC' nt nf \ gr iC'ulture
28, XOH. ,t; 20
A grit' rd t u ral \ djust ment .-\<lmin i'•-l r!l l ion
12~. OO:{
.\ gric·1 ilt11 rn l P.n e: ineering
_ .
______ _
En tomolo~r a nd Pl n □ t Quara ntine
Fores t ~e rd ee
3. !1011
B ioloµiC'nl Run e~
I. ~i2 1,
{~ I i
7, fl.1.1, ti t
6, Ri3,
rr om e Et'onom iC's
__ _
X nt ionnl \ gr ie11lt 11ra l R esen reh Cen ter
12:l
.111 , [)'.!:l
I , !M l(I, ~~Ml
9, Rf; J, l)i,;,
I. I ii! , 423
Soil ro nse n ·at i;m Re n iC'e
Ge n rn l :u lm i ni strnti ,e e, pe nses.
Transfers of WPA Funds for Projects
of Other Federal Agenc ies
, \ <" I' OJ,
A
Depart men t of Com meree ·
I==
__
Pi shr riC's ______ _
,
iTl .174
Depa rlmc-111 of th e 1nr er ior _____ _____ _____________ _
Th e 84,G 20 ,000 whid1 th r W P ,\. trnn sfr rr<·d
und r r aut hori ty o f , cc tio n 3 o f the ERA Ac t
of J 93 a nd i ts suppl l' m l' nt wa s di s lri lrnt<•cl
amo ng 27 nge ncit•s for th e pros<'c ution of projec ts imil ,1 r to t hosr opcrnted by t hr WPA.
A um o f ,·2 I .0-lS.000. or nn<•-l'ourt h of th r
total , wa s trn ns f'Nr r cl to tlw Qu:1 rt c rm :1 s t cr
Corps of th e -w ar D r pa rt rn rnt fo r t h e ro ntruction :rnd impronm c nt of build ings , for ili ti cs, and grou nd s :1 t army forts, po:-sts , :1 nd
tations . For similnr wo rk at n:w:11 )' :l!'d s :111d
tation , $ 14,782,000 ,,·:1 s t rn ns l'r rn·d to t l, r
Bureau of Yn rd s a nd D or ks o f l lH'
avy
D c1 a rtm r nt .
The WPA all otted .f:l,8G l.000 to th r :-;oil
on ervat ion St• rvicc cl1i fl)· l'o r !:ind dr:1 in:1 ~t•
and erosio n control wo rk ; .·, ,, 0 .5, 000 to t l, c
National Park 8C'tT icc for d l'vl'lo pin g pub lic
r ec rea tiona l a r c:1 s a nd condu c tin g stud ies :1 nd
urvcy in conn C'c tion with th e d <'vt' lop m e n t
and op r rn tion of nati o nal park. ; ·7 ,G.5.5 ,000 lo
th e Bureau of Entomo logy a nd Pinn t Qu:11':111tin c for th r prrYen tio n , co n t ro l, and e radi cation of p lant di . c:1sc and in sec t pests; nnd
6 , 43 ,000 to t l1 l' F o r<' t Sc n ' icc fo r co ns<' r v:1ti n wo rk includin g tlw d cvl' lopnH•nt o l' fon •st
an d ran ge a rc:1 . and t h e s urvey of m:1lt< •rs
pcr t in enL to su c h work . Th e.. <' ancl th l' sm:1ll <· r
all ocat ion mnd c to tlw ot h er 2 1 a gC' neit's t h:1t
oprra ted proj ects wi t h fund trnn sferrl'd b)· th e
draina~e. aad mine•senling projects of t.h e \\' PA (Rccond Defki l·m·y
.Appropriation Act. fi sC'a l )en r lll3" and ~erond D efi cienc·) .\ ppropn :1 11011
Act , fiscal yea r Hl:39L ,":\ ,000,000 to t he Pror urem enl D i\· i~ion of the
D parlm ent or t he 'Tr usu r y for a work relief su ppl y fund (E HA A C'I or
19:!S, Rec tion 17 ) ; $200,000 to th e Puerto Hi co HeC'o nstru C' ti on Admini stration for reli ef for need y persons ( F:HA .\ t t of 193!-. , ReC' t ion 1). and
5,000,000 for alloC'a ti on h y th e Pn' ~1dent for w a t er con~ern ll 10n proJects
(Second Defi r1en(•y .\ pproprintio n .\ ct . fi sea l ye ar I U31').
O0ke of l~d11ea ti nn
__________ _
Na tionnl Pa rk Se nief' ______
_____________ _
Te rr itori es nnd Is land P ossess ions·
Al nsk a Rail rn>1<l •.
.>!Kl, IIIKI
fl, hO I, 903
239,400
130. Ri3
A lnska ,nisc·ella neous
G m ernm c nt of \ · ir,l:!i n l sla nrl s
General arlmi ni~trath· e e,pcn c::es
Depar tmenl nr .I usll co
J:ll . H
' ·"Hl
.C12l.
.
.\tto rne y C: ene rnl's Office
Bureau of Pri sons __ _
3, ,l(HI
50, ()(H I
G eneral arlmin ist rn th· e expenses
2, fi3fl
D epa rtm ent of Lahor:
Lahor Rtnf ist ie!=i
Lihrnrr of ro n(! ress __ ______ _
Na ti ona l Hcsnurces Committee
______________ _
D e pa rtment of th e N"nvy :
Y nrd s :i ndDoc ks ····.
Rural Elec trifi ca ti on Admini strati on
D e part ment of the 'rreasur y _ __
892, (i() i
14 2,000
•JO, 000
14 , 782.01 I
2, 2 1X, -120
U . R r oas t fl uard __ ________ ___ _
omee or I he ~er rrl nry a .. __ .
Prorur(\m ent Dh·ision __ __
330, I Ai
I, fi39, 902
__________ _
Puhli C' ll ea lth ~erdce. ...
____ . ·•·-·•·
fl ent• rnl a. dmini strati ,·e expen ses ______ _____ _
\ 'eterans' Admini stration
IH7. .t,')0
------
____________________
,. <K KJ
1;g, 432
fiO, ~2!1
__ __
\ \-a r D e1mrlmeot ____________ __ __ _____ _______ __ ___ ___ _
C orps of Engioeers___ __
Qu :1 rtcr111 :1 ster r orps _ _
nenern l admioi st mti ve e~p nses.
2fi, 400. 1107
3. 3ii3, fKKl
2 1, 0-lo, 003
1. 092, 60-1
\ Tran sfers o f \VP .\ fund s pr ov ided fo r hy other set t ions or t he EH.A
A t of 1a'.'!~ nnd hy ol her co nl!re"sion::i I ar ts am o1m1 e I to $9. 111 Ofifi
n Tnr lud i ng- t11 B11rea u of I n tern al He,,. enue.
~our('e l r H Tren ..,ury Depa rt:11 eol repo rt on th e s tatus of fund s nncl
n 1rn l r ses of C\Jicnd i I u res u ndor th e ER A .-\el s of I H3,1. Jfl:36, IY:.J7 , nnrl 193, •
ns of Jun e :in, ID3\l .
\rP.\. :1rr s hO\rn in T nbll' 47 . A ll oc:1t io n for
ad minist rn tivC' x1w nsrs , in c- id C' nt to t h e oprrnt ion o l' proj ects a nd limi ted to ,5 percen t of cxpl'nditu n ·s, ,Hr , h o,vn as d c partmen ta l tot:1 Is
in c:1 sps wh C' n 11101· <' t hnn o ne agr ncy in a cl cpartnwnt n·cPi,·cd t rnn s l't'l'l'Cd 1\'PA fund ' .
Appropriations to Other Agencies
Tl, r l◄~ R , \ ,\ ct o l' rn:3g provided direct n.pproprin t.i(\ ns 1llld ren ppnl pria tion of bu In nc·cs of
1037 .\ ct fu nds for th e ,rnrk r elief and reli ef
110
REPORT 0 1 PROCRE
prog ram s of seYeral Wrdrrnl ,1g rncirs in 11cl<lition to the prog r,1rn nl' tlir \f P.\ . To thr :-:.rrrdnry of .\ g riculture , .· t , ,i ,000 ,000 ( plus :·2:J,~2~,000 in hnlrnr ) was :1.ppropriatrd for lo:rn s,
r<.'1,ef , rural reh,1 hiJitn lion for nrrd _v person s,
and adminis tration . Tli r e funds h:we lwrn
u srd principally by thr l<'arm :-:.ecuritv .\.<lminis tration to ,,·hich " ·a s allocated ," 180 ,056 ,000 .
To the Puerto Rico Recon s truction . \dmini stration the 19: R .\ ct m:1de aYailnhle . 6,000 ,000
2,700 ,000 in h:1lances) for loans, rurnl
(plu
rehabilitation for nrecly prrsons , work projrrts,
a nd admini s tr,1 tion. Thr PRR .\ al so rerriwd
'200 ,000 of \\'P.\ fund s tr:u1 fcrrecl for relief
purpo e and an additional a ppropriation of
·1 ,000 ,000 in a. s uhsequ <' nt ,1ct. ~
For t he student, aid nncl work prog rams of the
alionnl Youth . \.dm ini s tration $7:'i,000 ,000
wa apprnpriat<'cl , tog ther with balance s of
"7:32,000 from 193 7 R:R .\ . \ ct fund . . \pp ropriations for admini s tr:1 tiYe exprn ses incurred
in connect ion ll'ith work relief and relief program " ·ere made to thr General .\ ccountirw
Oflice , to fi-ve bureau s of the Treas ur_Y D ep:1rt~
men t , and to t he Commerce Departmen t.' s
Bureau of .\ ir l'omrn<.'rre (later incorporated
within the CiYi l Aeronautics .\u t ltoritv ) . Funds
\\·ere also appropriated lo the Cnited States Emplo:vee ' Compen sation l'omrni s, ion ,3 the Kat iona l Emerg nc.v C'nunci l, th e N:1.tiona l Reource Committee , th <' L' nitecl States li:mplovment Sen· ire in the Department of Labor, a,~d
th e Department of .Tu s li<·e .
In n t amount 2,.'.iSI ,l l ,000 wa s av-:1 ilnblc
for op ern tion cond ueL<>cl undcr the BRA
Act of rn:38 . Th e ,1ct itself appropriat cd
· l ,712 ,90: ,000 ; this sum plu s r ca ppro pria [ (' cl
hal:rnces of $.5S ,063,000, addit ionn l nppropria ti~n s _to tlw \YPA of !½825 ,000,000 nnd appro4
prrnl10ns of, 3 ,150 ,000 prm·id t'd in othl'r nets
res ult in a gross :1pproprinted totnl of ,·2, 590 ,11 , ,000. D('ch1rtion of tlH' .·1 ,000 ,000 tran sferred to t h<' Corps of E11gi11('l'r yidds t h e nt't
z Second Defiriettl'Y \ ppropriatinn \ C'l, fisC'al Year l!):i~I
3 The $J,f,OO CXlO appropnited hy th EH_\ .\~'f of Hti, to the l·nued
States Jl:mployees' C'ornpen:,;ation <'ommissinn fo r ·\d111111istrnllon and
pay111t~nt of rl.isahiltty or de:1th rornpl'l1S;ltion anti he1wtit s of worke rs
employed ~n projects opera1ed by the \Y P.\ and other Feder:11 agencies
fin•rn ted w ith E I{ _\ .\ l't funds was su ppl rnented by $:.?,IKK).000 pro,·ided
in Publ ic R eso l11t100 :--:o. i. 7fith Congress.
4 To the Puerto H,ro Reeonstruc·11on .\ dministration .. 1.000,000, as
noted abm·e: to the rnited States t<:mployee~· Compensation C"onunis•
sion, 2,000 ,001, as noted nho\·e: and to the neneral .\ (•eou ntmg Ulliee
'
$1f'lll ,00I\ in Pu bli c He~ol u uon l o. ti ! , 7Hth Congress.
OF THE \\'l' .~ PROGRAM
total :1n1ilnhll' under th e ERA Act of 193 .
Th e :1llocntio11 s . hli g~1tion s , and nnnunl rxpcnclitun•,:; through ,Turn• 30 , 10:3!:J , nncl er nil ERA
Arts nncl rn1dPr t ll(• 19. Art alone arc hown
by a g Pnri p-; in Tnbk VIII of th e app ndi.'-:.
Federal Expenditures on WPAOperated Programs 5
Exp Pnditure for 11PJ.. -op r rat ecl proo-ram
durin g the p e riod from tlw initintion of \,PA
actiYiti rs in 1!:J:3!5 throug h ,Tu n e 30 , 1939,
aggreg n t ed . ·ri.fi.j7 ,, G0,000 . Th e s1m1 is compri , r d prcclominnntl:v of rnonc_'I' expended in the
operation of work projects. It a l o includ e
fund s u sed in nwding t h t' adrn ini stra tive expen sc•s of the 1fPA and the NY.A, in purcba ing
urplu , clothin g for clis trihution among needy
pe pl<' , nnd in ,1icling self-help and cooperative
a or intion s .
Of t he tot:1! cxpencl itures incurred in t h e
operation of 11PA programs , 2,154 ,225,000
wa paid out during the _\' ear ending ,Jun e 30.
19:30 . The In. t fi scal year w as on e in which
".7"PA actiYities wcre carried on at a relatively
lngh ]eye] a a re, ult of the la rge amount of
unern pln_'lrment fo l lowing the r ec~ssion of late
1937. Expenditure, during the pre,~ious vear
tot:1lrd $1 ,427 ,37.J- ,000 , or about one-third. less
than in the _n :1r cnclin g in ,Tune 1!:J39. Durino"'
the firs t two _\· ear s of 11PA opcr ation expenditures o n 11PA progr:1ms amounted to , 1 25 ' '
130 ,000 and , 1,c l , ,131 ,000 , re pectively. It
should be remembered that WPA actiYities
" ·erc fully under way during only part of the
fir t _,_·ear.
,YP.\ funds have been u eel ve ry largely for
t h e opcrntion of ll'Ork projcrts, n earl y a ll of
which haYe been spon ored hv state a~1d local
ag encie . In the la s t fiscal _'17 e;r, as is true of the
entire period of \YPA operations, almost 96
percent of th e Federal expe ndi tures of t h e WP.A
,,·ere used on iYP.\ proje t program . ..Ul
except 2.5 of the 06 percent on a cumu la tive
ba is and all except 1.9 in the la, t year wa
"Not ind u cted in the fo ll ow in~ sections disC" ussing " ' PA•o perated
programs_ a re the fu nd s used in t he o perat ion o r ~ YA s tud e nt a id a nd
work proJec't programs. \\. P \ funds tra ns rerrerl to ot her Fectera l agenc ies
u nder ~ertion 3 of the ER .\ \ c t o f 193°"1 , a nd \\"PA funds t ransfe rred
u nd~r pnor arts for land u t ili1.at 1on and ru ral re hahi li tat io n proj:CT"ams
ad ~1ms 1r n?d by the Farm SC'C'un t y .Ad n 11111~t r a t ion an<l for a rerl ama tioo
proJect 111 T exas admin istered hy the Burea u o f Reclamat io n .
111
T .\ BLE 4, . -F E Dim \L ExPEXO I T RES ON \\'P .\
0l'EH .\Tl, D P1t0c:n .,~rn, B\ F i s '.\L Y EARS A
\I I'.\
Yea r
Ending
June 30
\\·ork l'roJet·ts
-
(lll! J '-
Y\
\ '1m1111strnti\ e
F:\pen ses
To tal
.\ mount
nn,1ly sis of prnjed expenditurrs with rrs pec-t to
types of prnj eC'ls ourres of fund s, ohjrets of
e:-..pe nditurr, and othrr asprC't of o p<'rntions
,1, ppr:1 rs in the di c us i n f W PA prnjecls,
J ages 28 lo :H.
.\lllOlllll
Monthly Expenditu res
Total
1936
1937
1938
1939
u, (;,li!i7 ,"-iH0,051
I, 2-1 ..... 1:30, :? 1"-i
l,hlS, 130, .002
1,427,371,309
D 2, 1.=. 1, 221, UfJ2
$f1,
an, -IHi. fi7fi
1, 193, :½7. ;r;,
1, 7fl l. 2 ....fi. 2~2
1. 3r.,1.
:')fifi,
a;n
2, 0(1 I , 99f\ Mlq
95. i
~:!ti~. filti, l !i5
I0
fi L .~~):!, ,70
lifi. '11 L :!"-iO
5. 1
3. 7
ti:l, ,07 cu3
n.-101.012
I 5
3. 4
\ Docs not include funtl s for XY .\ programs or \\ P .\. fund s used on
programs ndministered by other Federnl aJ;?encies under tlH' ,·:irious
ERA . \ els.
e Includes $ 15,027.320 c,peuded for purehase o r s urplu s doth1u g and
in nid to St..'lf·he lp and coopt•ra 1 in• nssoew t i1111 , in add1 t 1011 to work projt·c· t
nod ndministratin' t'\JW 1Hlllurt"1 S.
Source: Bn setl on reporl s or the L' . S. Trea sury I )epartment.
expe nd ed in con nec tion \\-illi s l:1(0 .rnd lorn !
project prog r am . The sm:ill e r ,t m o unt we nt
to d fray th e co t of a Fe<kral work proj ect
prog mm initiated un ler th e \ \'P.\ 6 and often
carri ed on with ~tate and local cospo nsor hip .
. \.dmini s tratiYe expenses comprised most of th e
rernninino- 4 percent of total \ \"P.\. expenditun's.
In t he year e ndin o- .J une :30 , rn:30, ot her artiYit ie of t he WPA accounted for $1.'J,c 27,000
of t he total ex pen ses. The s um of $ 1.5,72.5,000
wa ex p ndccl in purchasing s urp lus clothing for
di trihution to needy familie s and the r e mainder
in a i tin g self-h e lp cooper:1.tiYes, ,1s au ( li orizcd
by t he ER ,\. . \.ct of 19:3c. . \dmini , tr,1tiw
expenditure are disc ussed in g reater cl et11il
in a followin g ection and a di, cussion of purcha e of urplu . clothing appear in another
clrnpter. (See JMges 11 to 120.)
, pon sor of WP.\. proj ec t ' li:1w s uppli<' tl
addit io na l fund for t he prosec 11t.ion of prnjt'ct
work. T he ir o u tlay. amou n ted to ,·1,:302 ,:37,000 in t he pcrio I from t he initi a tion of th e
,YP.\ prog n,m throu gh .June rn :30. During
the la. t fi ca l year . p onsor 'exp endittu·es lol,1led
'493,039,000 ; thi s \\":1. ' the l.ngesl a m o unt co ntributed by spon sors in any year s in ce t he beg in ning o f the prog ram. I t excN'd ed the total for
the preY iou s (i scal year hy $11 7 ,k Ol ,OOO .
, po n or' funds r prese nted Hl prr<'enl of total
proj ect co ts durin g t he yea r e ndin g .Jun e :rn,
l!:J:39, as com p,ned with 17 pe rcent ove r tlir
entir period of ,YPs\. operatio ns. A d ebiil ed
11 Tht• Ft•deral
\ VP..\ pro~rnm m whil'h tht • Ft•dnal arts pr11j111·h pn•d<1minn1Pd was disron1111111·d. as s11eh. hy tilt• FU\ .\ c•t of 111:m, fur a
rt'\"\l'\\ of llt'rtint' tll pro\"I SIOll S uf the• ac:t. Sl'I' JlllJ,!4' 9
Follm\·ing- t he initi:1tion o f WP.\. oprrat ions
in t hr s unim er of I 9:1:) monthly rx pendit11n'~
from Fedr ral Jund inereasrd until in :-1:ir<' li
and April of I 9:36 a leYel of :1pproxim:1 ll'ly
.; 1, 0,000 ,000 per month wa reac hed. Duringthe en s 11ing eig ht month expenditures averaged
sonwwha.t helow this amount and further r t'rl uction s du ring the spring a.n d summ er of
1037 brou g ht monthly exp -nditures to about
, ·0G,OOO ,OOO in Octoher and
ovrm l e r rn:17 .
" ' hen the rapid decline in J rivate rmploymrnl
initiated an exp.m ion in 'iYPA pro ject work
t h at extended over th e follow ing J 2 rn ontl1 s,
}edernl outlays for t h e \VPA program i11 cr e:1se d co rres pondin gly and rear heel t h ri r
hig h es t leYel during the quart e r ending Drcemher 31, 1938.
In that quarter th ~·
amounted to almost $200,000,000 p er m onth .
urt:1i lment of t h e ,vPA program in thr sprin ,,:
of 19;39 res ulted in reduc d ex penditures whi('h
av rn ged about ." \G0 .000 ,000 in April, J\[:1y , ancl
June. Th e monthl~· nveragr for the fi sc:.ll year
TABl, E
F E 1 ER' " l•:xPE'-D!Tt11rns o};
0PER .\TED P ROC:R ,DI S A
If! .
\\'P A-
J\I o,-;rn1,Y -JuY 1935 TO Jt·,-; ,: 1939
[l n tl10usa nrls)
l\ l onth
January
$ 11,1 , 779
I.19, 5S6
,1, 1..il:.?
lli,ntin
:J!i, :!JO
.1 "\. lilil
1a 1. :..><:11i
IM,, 902
$1()2,fi:!7
$ 17t1. \/ih
Ill,\ 2;,,
1.r1:i. O!.i:?
11."1. n,4
l!Hl. \10-i
Iii '.?. ,01.1
l~i. 2141112. tM)i
I :11 :J!i.3
1.12, 1,!2
J.i ,, :!7:-..
141 , .i.i!i
liJU, tMJ
HiO, td !l
112. ,;fi
lfi.5. lfitl l
qu, 5 14
Jtt.?, I 1'
!J7, fiOS
I!1,i S!IO
Ii' I. 29"-i
lfiO. "\(;0
I 77, 793
Hil, :l i',i
qr-. h72
107. 0'-1,5
June
July
lfi:.?
.\u gust
~cpt1 111 lll' r
1
n rtc,h,•r
Xm·emll1•r
Dl'<Pm lwr
Total C'a lt•111l ar yn1r_ 2.71, 101
Total fisf·:11 ,·1•ar
ernl111P .iun t> ;{!)
$141. 3;,()
12s. 1179
l"\4 , II.ii
li'I. 1"'1)
II,~. U, 4
lf,O. Oli
l.ii,Ofl
1{1 ). ,50-t
Fl1 hrunry
.\l arc·h
.\pr1l
~l ay
1-11..i, Hfi
I. !1\7, tf,3 I I. 111,. 9SI
Hl'-1. lt'...>tl
J"-ifi. 71 ,fi
:?117, j'••d
_
I, !l i , ~1~M 1,,.,7,
I. :?!i"\ 130 I, "\I"\, 131 I. l:?7. :i/4
:?. 1· 1, '.?:?3
.\ lnd11d1 •s \\ l' .\ •0 1wrakd work projrr t s. pur<"hast• of:--11rplus ('loth111 g
for 111•t•dy 111 •r.s1 111s, aid to st• lf-lwlp 3D<l C'OO Jll' rtlti,·1' assol'intious. ~tnd
\\· P .\ and ~y \ ndm111istratin• l' \J)l'nses. D<ws 11ot inr ludp f'\ llt'nditure s ,~n NY \ progra ms or e\JH'rHli.t urPs nf \\. P \ f~md" un prognlrn:--:
'Hlnu1_11s t1 •n.•d h~- ot twr F1·d1 •rn l fif!c•n<·ws undl•r tht• ,·arious ER..\ A cts.
8 F1r,1 si\ nHmlh s.
Soun·t•
ll a-.;1•d
1111
rt'p11rl'- oft lw P. ~- 'f'rc?as ury llr pRrtnH'nt.
11 2
R EPORT ON PR O R E S OF T H E W P A PROGRAM
C HART 6
FEDERAL EXPENDITURES ON WPA - OPERATED PROGRAMS '
July 1935 • June 1939
MILLIO NS
OF DOLLARS
M ILL IO NS
or
DOLLA RS
250
250
1
200
I
I
200
Th e real le vel
in g proce dure
of ,YP J .. ex penditures in a gi,·en
m onth . consequ ently , is be tter
m e,1s urecl b }r an ,1 v rnge fi g ure
s uch ,1 s t he t hree-m onth m o vin g anm ge . hown in lrn r t 6.
Objects of Expenditure
150
150
P.1yment s fo r se 1T ices o f
employe s :lC'C'OU n ted fo r ,· go
100
100
out of each .·100 . pen t on all
I
\\-PA-oper ,1 ted program in the
i -1-'----'---H--H--H-+--'-+--r-'---+' · 50 ~-c,U' ending ,J une :30 , 1939 , an d
50
o u t of ea(' h . 100 d urin g
for $
th e entire period of \Y P A operntions. In t he b s t fi sca l year
193 8
1939
1937
1936
1935
,1 gg rega te of .· I .9-!0 ,670 ,000
an
• Nol Incl uding eJtpenditur es !or N YA programs or for projects of
other Federal agencies financed with trans ferred WPA funds
w:1 s paid out for w,1 ges a nd
tota l
al:1 rie . 1Jos t o f thi
(.' l , 8 1,019 ,000 ) 1rn s used for wngcs o f pr oject
endin g .J une :30, Hl 39, 11·as ' ] 80 ,000 ,000 as
1,·o rkers. T heir 11·age paymcn ts nc cou n ted for
compared wit h m onthly axerages of ~1 19,." 9 1 out of ach .·100 o f F ed e r.ii fun d that w,1
000 ,000 during t he p recedi ng ,ve,n and $1.52,s pent on wor k p rojec ts du rin g t he lns t )re,11' nnd
000 ,000 in t he year end in g ,Tun e 30, 19:37 .
$~S pe r h undred on r th e e n t ire pe ri od of \\'PA
T he a mo unt s expended in ea c h m ont h from
op cmt io ns .
th e beginnin g of \YP \. ope rations in .Tu ly I 9:3.5
T he compnrn tiYc sizes nf t he differ en t ext l, ro ug h ,Jun e 19:39 ar e pre en tecl in Tn bl e -!9
pe ndi t ures m ad e from F ed era l fu nd s durin g
aml s hown grap hi cally i.J1 Ch ar t 6. Basica lly
t he }-car end ing June 30 , 1939 , ar e s hown in
the am o unt of fund s expended durin g .rn y
(' hnrt 7. P r oject payroll accoun t fo r 8 pergiYen mon t lt i. d e termin ed by the num be r f
ce nt of t he total Fed e ral d oll ar. Of t h e r eprojec t jobs pnffid ed . Actual pny ments mad e
mnind er , 8 .6 per ce nt wa - use l fo r oth er t han
during- a m ont h , ho11·eyer , are in fl uenced by
In hor cos t,;; in curred in co nn ect ion 11·it h proj ec t
the number o f p.1yro ll period s endin g 11·it hin
:1c l i l' it ie;:; and 3 .4 per ce n t for ad minis tra tiv e
th e m on t h a nd o tlr er focto rs relatin g to a cco un tT ABLE
,50 .-
F E D E RAL
\\ ' PA - O1,1,;H .\TtD
EXP EX D IT l ' RE S OX
<' u mu lat,"<' th ro u gh Ju ne•
T ot al
Ohjccl of Expc•1Hl1tu rc
T ota l
P erso nal sl' n · 1cl'S
Pu rc hast• of m ater ials, supplirs. a orl
equ ip nw nt
Rental..:
f'on tr nc t ua l snYic•ps
Other
%. 657. ~r,o. 0,il
1
;,3
~n 110., . .;~3
5. •
~i.,
7 fl
2
1.0
4.
(B)
T ot al
A mount
.\ lllollnl
.. n. :in. 1w. Ai5
It )() II
46S. 27'.?, O'> 1
2,0. IO I ..
6fi. 790. Oi h
2, 0~7. i 26
Year l!.: ndmg J u ne 30, IU1U
1939
11' ork projec ts
A
11,·rcr nt
Am ounl
:m.
P ROCR ,U IS . B Y O B .JECT >S OF E XP EN D ITU R E
I
.5, G.!.\ ~/o.i, OOG
437, 122, !-JOO
2i 2, j \l, 11.,,7
3,1, 7,l:l, :J~)i
,ms
1.
,n:'\ ,
IOI) 0
I
A
P errPnt
4 3
0. f\
(fl)
.•\ mou nt
P cr ('(' Il L
$2, 154 , 221, 092
100 II
$2. 06 1. 99&, 59Q
100. 0
I , 9-10, ti 70. 3,12
VO. I
J , 8~1. Olo. 542
9 1.1
133, 223. 172
fi. 2
1 l.i, 070. :14 5
2 :-,
59, 124. 909
9. 6, 9!ii
5.6
29
0. 4
--------- ---
"f, 831
\V ork j)TOJC'C tS
,,9.
61i0
60,
1,. 933. 74,
50~. 0o0
0. 9
(B)
:ioo.
4h
<")
s,•lf•hPlp 'l nd cooperat ive associati ons, and
A Inr lu<ies ~t ate ,n! rk p~ogram". Federal Xa t inn•wifle prn!!ra ms. purC'ha.st• of ~urplus r· lolh in!! , ai d to
\\" PA and , ~y .\ ad m1 111stratn·e f'X Jl<' DSt'S. D ors. nnt mcl ud1• l'\.pend ll ures o n :X Y A progra ms or e\.peud it ures of \\" P .\ fu nds used on programs ad min•
is te red hy ot he r F rlernl fH!t·ncies under th e \""8 rious E RA '1C'lS.
e Less t h a o 0.0o pen·,, at.
Srn1r ,•,· Hase<i on reports nf th e U. 8. Tn=-a'- 11r y J>1 •part nu• nt
F I NA.\' Ii\L
expen , e. It s hou ld be noted that Lhc proj<'<•t
data r elate on l)· to l'i P .\ -o pcr:1t r d projcrt s :rnd
thHt t hr total Fcdrral dollar doe not i nclude
t h e r r lafo·cly sm a ll exp nditure for pur(" h:1 scs
f urplu . clothin g a.nd a id to r lf- belp and
coo pern t i, ·c assoei:1t,ions .
Fcdcn1 I cx pr 11 cl iture for o thN t h:rn p:1yroll
purpose ha.Yr 11C'c n m adr prrdnrni11an Lly i 11 t he
purchase of s upp lies , m:1 terin Is, a nd rq uip1 11en t.
uch outl:1)·, repre,-entcd somr\\·hat morr Lh:rn
half of t h e non lnbor expend it ure t,hrou g h .lu n
19:39 fo r all progrn m s < nd fo r projrct oprrntion, nlone . .\ imil.n r ela t ions hip ohta in rd in
th e In t fi sca l )·en r :llthougb , lwca us t h e totn l
non lahor propor tion \\" U.S lo\1·cr in t he l:1 ,- [. ye:n ,
the upplic , rn:1Lcri:1 l , and eq uipm e n t ex pr nditure re pH' en1ed n srn:1l l r frn rt ion o f Ll1 e
total- $G out of e:1ch $ 100 in t he l:1 t )' r:tr a
comp ared \1·it h . 7 o n a umulnti\·e h,1 sis .
The principal lwrr of th e :·11-5 ,07-5 ,000 expended in t hr lnst fisca l )· e}u in purch:1 sin g
uppl ie , m at0 ri:1ls, a nd quipm ent represented
outl ay for \\'Ork proj ects . l n r lu ckd in th e
totn l, h oweY<' r, \1·n. .":2 ,-Hi\1,000 0xpendcd fo r
pmch a e of s upplies, nrnt0rinL , ,tnd eq uipm ent
in the admini s1nitiYe ,cco unt and $ 15,(i70 ,000
u d in purc lrn . in g • urplu s cl otl1 in g fo r dis tribution to n erdy farni li rs and in aiding sdf- hdp
and coop erntiYe association . i\ l os t of t h r
remaining n o n la bor outlay were made in connection \\"ith r ent of equipm r n t (10s tli :rn $:1
p er ."100 in th e last fi scal )·ear and slig h t])· in
exce of , 4 o ut of each .·100 on a rumtilntiY<'
basi ). C'ontr11rtu11I scn·ire. , about lrn lf of
which wer e r r quircd in conn ection with ndrnin i trati\· e op er a tion s, amount ed to a ho11t $ 1 in
each ·100 ; th e. e includ ed u c h item ns li en l ,
light power, w::itrr, el <"tricit)· , traYrl , lrn11 sportation of t hings, and printing and binding.
Administrative Expenses
Th e ad mini strat i\· e expensr . in ruHrd in conductin g tl1 c \\' PA nncl :K Y .\ progn m s t hrough
,June 1!139 totalrd .·20, ,li l fi ,000 , or 4.0 prr('rnt
of t h e aggr cg;1te a m o unt expend ed on a ll \\'P.\ perat cl progra m sin ce ,July 1!135. The .-,:3,401,000 cxprnd eel for aclmini trative purpose.
in th e Jn t fi C'al yrar con s tituted : .4 p<' r<·<' nt
of total WPA cxpendi t urrs for th e yea r. Tl1 <'
per r en tage for the la. t year is s u hs tn 11 tin 11:r
113
i\l L\RY
CH ART 7
DISTRIBUTION OF WPA EXPENDITURES
BY OBJECTS OF EXPENDITURE*
Yea r End ing June 30, 1939
_
_ _ PROJECT LABOR
88 0 %
"redert l fu nds only •nd e oe lu sl11e
ot purchase, of au rplut cloth lne
lo wer th an t he .'i. l , 3. 7 , and 4 . .5 pr rrrnl fi g ures
th at apply to t he yenrs endin g .J 11nc :3() , rn:rn,
193 7, and 193 , r e 1wctiY ly . Sud1 y0ar-toyra r d1ffer en ec illu s trate t h fo,ct t hat on a
\\"Ork progrnm deign d to meet crnplo)·nwnt
n eeds in e-ver y pa r t of th e eountr)' t l1 t' L'Xte n t
and cost oJ adm inis trntive operation do not
vary directly wi t h tota l expendi t ures .
A !mini trative cxpe n li tu res increa c or d el' t'Ca e with c han ge in the volume of proj et
opcra lion s, but bea r a ha11 gin g pr rre nl:i ge
rt'lntion ship to to tal exp encl itmes. The yl'nr
end ing in ,J11n e I f):39 , for exa mple, ,va one of
expanded o prrnt ion s n11d as a r e ult :1d111i11i. [I·,1ti\' e co ts fell to 0111)1 :3.4 prrcrnt of t he tot:1 I.
This percentage s tnnd s in rn11rkcd eontrn s t 1\i t h
tl1 e pt'r<·enlag-e of 4 .5 appl)rin g to t he pn'("t•din g
)'r:tr 11 hen lotn l exprn di ture we re a hou t t \1 ot hirds as lnrgc n.' iJ1 the year e ndin g .June
30 , l\l:Hl.
.\L ost of t he a cl111i11i s lrative exp r 11dilurcs ( 1
J crcrnl on n cumu l:1ti\·r basis a \1rll as lurin g
t hr lust yen r) h:1 \·e !wen u eel in ])<lyin g t he
saln rit's of t he ndminis trati\·e s tafr. .\ bout
114
REPORT O ' PRO GHES
percent o f th e aclmini s tratiYe outlay, of th e last
fisc al year, hcrn Yer, went to clefrny the tnwel
f nclmini strnti,·e employee's, and 5
expcn c
percent for variou s otber contractua l sen ·iccs.
uch item as communi ation , printin g and
bindin g, transportation of thin gs, and utility
charges a ounted f r succe sively s mall er
amo unt of th e cont ract ual serYice tot,1l.
Purchase of supplies, material , and equipm ent represe nted 3.4 percent of tota l adminis tratin expenditure in the y ear endin g ,Jun e
30, J 9:39, and rent of l uiklin gs and equipm ent ,
the latt er much th e maller of t he hrn . represent ed 2.4 p ercent of the adminis trative
outby .
T ABLE
\YPA
5]
-
ADMI N ! fST IUT I VE
AN D T HE
XYJI...
EXPEXD ITORES
01'
T HE
BY OBJECTS OF ExrE'>DlTURE
Y1e,R E,;011rnJu,;E30.1939
_\mount
Pnrent
:,,3, 401,072
100. 0
S9. fi51, ,20
,1 3
meot
R entals
2, •Hl~. :-<i:--.
1. 7ti•L ifil
3. 4
Cont raet ual sen · icf•s
9. 498. ·1.S!I
12. 9
1. f,40. 1,.,
fi. Ifill. 924
403. li23
2. 2
.4
0. f,
I. I
0. 3
0. 3
Total
Personal st>rdres.
Purrha s1•
or
--- __
mat(•ri a ls, s upplif•s, and e(}uip-
Communication
_____________ _
T ra,.,e i, inclurlmg s uhsistt·ncp __________ _
Tran sportation of thinr;s
Printing and binding __
Heat, light, power, water. t'kc·trieity ___ _
Other _______________________ _
Other. _________________________________ __ ____ _
A
2-t ;i, 23H
25-l . ~13;,
( A)
Lf'ss rhan o Ofi prrf',~nt
Source
Bas,·d on rPports of tbe
s taff in 11'ashi11 g to11 and th e 322 regi nal office
a nd oth er fiC'ld empl )' e. accounted for the
r em:1i11in g 2, 0 1 adrn i:n.i trative employee .
The aYernge . al:iry of a dministra.tive em ployees at the encl f Decemb er 1938 amountecl
to 1,58 1 on an :1.nnual basis and $132 on a
monthly ba sis . The aYerages a pply to aclmini tratiH workers of the WPA thrm1 ghout the
countr_v , ind11cling s tate and loca l office employ ees as well as those of th e II a hing ton
central office and the r gional offi e and field
,; t,affs. Only 22 percent of the adrnini tratiYe
workers " -ere paid at the ra.te of 2,000 or m ore
per _vear. In reportin g on all administrat,iYe
employees on FNl cr:1.l payrolls as of Dec.ember
31 , 1937 , tbe lJnited States Civil Service Commission es tim:i tccl that the average annual
salary of nU F ed crn l adminis trative employees
,Ya s $ 1, 71. 7 Th e YVPA a,Terage at the encl of
Decem lwr rn::rn wa s . 290 belo\\- the earlier figure
for all Federal s taff .
Man-Month Costs
2. 4
7;,..-;,:,t.-t
17, 2nc1
OF T HE WPA PROGRAM
r . K. 'rreasury Departmrnt.
At th e close of th e fi sc al year in ,June 1939 ,
the ·w PA had 31,497 rcgulnr aclrninist,rat,i\·e
emplo_vees. Thi tot:i l represente l a r duct.ion
of about 500 from t he nurn ber at t he dose of
th e preceding )7 ear and of m ore than -1,200 from
th e largest number emplo)'ed durin g the year.
Comparison with the total proj ect emplo_vment
of the 1YPA sh ow t h at at the end of ,Tune 1939
there wer e 12 .9 ,Y PA adrninistrn ti \' e cm ployccs
for each 1,000 1YPA project workers- a rnti
which had b ee n above 20.0 in 19:17 but r e:ich ed
a low point of 11.1 earlier in the lat fi scal year
when project employment ,ms at i ts peak .
:;\los t of the 31,497 p erson s on WPA aclrninistrntive payrolls in ,Jun e 1939 (29, 4lo ) were
rmplO)' ed in the state and lo al offices of t he
WPA ; th e 1,7.-9 empl yec of the ce ntral office
The cos t to the Feclernl Gonrnrncnt of
ernplo)·in g one man at 1YPA project work for
one month ha , :werngecl 62.00 throughout the
period of -nrPA operations from the summer of
19:35 to June 30, 1939. Of this amount , .52.50
has been paid out to the \rnrker him elf, . 7.00
h as been used for nonlabor expense ansrn g in
connection " ·ith project work, and ·2 ..50 ha s
been e.xpendecl for administration .
ponsors
of WPA projects supplied additional fund s to
the extent of approximately ,'12.25 per manmonth of mplo_vm ent of project worker paid
from Federnl fund s. The largest portion of
the spon sors' outlays (,'10.00) wa proYiclecl for
upplie , materials, equ ipm ent, and other nonlabor cost of opcrn ting i'{P A µroj ect.s. Sponsors, howe, er , did incur l:1 bor expen es of 2.25
per man-month of project work of employees
paid by t h e Federal Government. Thi r epresente l w:igc payments to machine operators,
operators of trucks and other kind s of equipm ent, skilled craftsm en. supervi or , and other
kind s of specially qualified per onnel made
aYa ilable by sponsors f r the succe sful operation of projc>cts . The Fe lernl and sponsors'
0
7
rmted ~tates C'i\·11 8enire C'omm iss ion release daterl April 2. 1939.
F I N,\ NCI A L S i\ll\L\ R Y
man-mon th Lo ta l for the entire period ol \\' PA
operations amo unted to 74.25 .
Alth ough F ederal m an-m onth cos ts \\ ere
lower by "1.00 in the year endin g .Jun e :rn . I \l:rn .
sponsor,' funds increa eel sufli eicntl y to rn1 s p
the monthly fi g ure to '75.25 whi(' li w:1 !ii i .00
above Lhe fom-y ca r avcrao·c. Th e $G1.00 ski re
born by the F cden1l Governm ent in tlw !:1 s t
fi cal year involved m:1ll er nonlnbor mid
115
adminis trative outb _vs per pro ject em ployt•e
t h,rn were in curred OYcr Lh e pntirl' period :1 nd
sli gh tly larger ,lYer:1gc p:1ym cn ls l.-0 projl'rl
onl:ib or px pcnditures of ponsors
wor ke r .
\\·ere :1 bout ·2.00 higher on n man-mon th basis
o tha t the tot:11 con tributions of ponsors
umormtcd to upproximat ely $ 14 .25 per m a.nm ont l1 of F ederal employm ent during the b s t
fi scal year.
MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT
l s teel , bit11min ou s
product s,
and man~· ot her kind s of materia ls, s upplies.
a nd equ ipm ent kn-e \wen procured in l:1rge
qunntitit'S for use in the prosecut ion o f \\'PA
proj ec ts. Th e v alu e of nll u ch m:itcrinl ,
throu gh ,J1111 c :3() , l!:J:39, :imounted to almos t
$ ] ,o>rn,0 00,000 of 1d1icl1 t he s ponsOJ'S of \\' PA
project s Ii .H I proYidcd :1ho ut .58 per ce nt o r some
$u0 0 .000 ,000 . In 11ddit io n to t,h e purclw ses
made in (·o nn cd ion with pro:j cct work s ubsk1.ntinl q11:111titics o f s 11rplus cloLhin g were
pure h:i sed h.v t he \\'PA [or d is tributi on to
need~, persoru,; ex pe nditures for t his purpose,
finan ced from fund s made ,1Y:1ilnb lc h~, t he
ERA .\ ct o f l 9:38, :unount ecl to about
$ ] ,5,(j 0 ,000.
er . s tructurn
Cmixtu res,luml,m:1chinery,
petroleum
E M ENT,
Materi a ls for W P A -Opera ted Proj ects
Th e rn:itt•ri :il s, s upp lies, :i nd equipm e nt
r equired lor \\'P A p roject \l'ork w er e pn,(· urNI
rrom m:in y difl'l' rcnt br;in ch es of ind11 s try .
Ston e , d:1 y, :111d g l:i ss pr odu c ts on s tit11tcd
m or e tl1 :1 n :1 t hird of th e totn l val ue, nmo 1111 t in g
to about $:rn:2 ,000 ,000 in t he com s o f tl1 c fn uryen r pt' ri od e ndin g .Jun e :30 , l9 30. or t his
rtg 11re :1ho11t ,' \l-! ,000,000 wa s for Cl'lll cn t ,
, 71,000,000 for sand and g r:n-el , . (i:2 ,000 ,000
fo r cru :-- hcd s ton e, , ·."i 1.000 .000 for <·o ncrctc
prod1 1c ts, nml .''-!7 ,000,000 for brick , tile, :111d
o th e r clay prod11 rt .
R oug h]~· n fif t h of t h e total m ate ri al ou tl ay
were for iron :incl s teel products, a mon g 1d1ir h
ca s t-iron pipP a nd r ein forcin g steel " ·rn' outs tnndin g. Or the . I S, 000 ,000 spent on this
116
k ind of nrntcrial onr $:>-l- ,000 ,000 we nt for
e.1s t-iron pipe a nd fittin g:--, .ind $47 ,000 ,000 for
s trudural and r einror c in g s t ee l. Over $ 17 ,000 ,000 " ·a s used in buyin g tools (ot her t h an
machine tool ), a nd nlm os t $ 10 ,000 ,000 for
he11t in g a nd vent ilatin g equipmen t.
Produ ecr s of lumb er , bitumin o us mixt ures ,
nnd text iles we re oth er indu s trial g roups whi c h
rcC'c ivcd larg e o rd e rs for m:1Le ria ls; togeth er
tl1 cy :iccount ecl !or a fou r th of th e total va lu e
o f nwt erinls for proj ect u, c . Th e va lu e of
lumber nncl lumber products (n ot including
furniture ) t hat were proeured durin g th e fo uryen r pe riod o f \ YPA act i,·itics amo unt ed to
lOc ,000, 000 . Th e bi t umin ou lnL\'.:1 !mos t
t 11 rcs u ed in pav in g ron d s, , tn,ets, a nd a irport
r u nw:1 ? , and in ot her work nrnountcd in va l ue
G\:l ,000 ,000
lo ne:i rly . 00 ,000 ,000 . Abo ut
wo r th o f text il es w e re purchn scd for use in
. c11·ing rooms; t his " ·a s th e out s tandin g outlay
fo r non con s tru c tion ma teri ,1 Is.
:--in cc h c:1Yy nrn c hiner .v nnd otl1 cr eq uipm e nt
c. st· nti:1 1 to proj ec t, ope r:1ti o n we re us un lly
St'c·urcd on a r ental ba is, purc hn se" of nil kind
o f Pquipmcnt am ou nt ed to :1bout, 44 ,000,000
durin g th e four-yen r period e ndin g Jun e 30 ,
10:rn . Th e lnrgcs t sh11rc o r the equipm en t
p11r('h:1 ses were made in connec ti o n with clcrtric.1 1 ma c hin ery and appn r,1tus, gc nc rnlly ror
in s t:1 ll;1 tion in eon ctructed facilities; sizc:1 1 le
qu:111t i tic" of pa,·in g equipment nnd ot her
ro :1d -buildin g mnchiner~T were nlso l roc ured.
In nddition , ove r $(5. 000 ,000 w:1 s s pe nt, fo r
motor trucks and trncto rs. The purc ha cs of
rn nc hin cry a nd equipmen t in r luding t ru ck s nnd
tractor , h owever , w er e le t lrnn IO p crec n t of
MATERI A LS , S
TABLE 52 .-
:\I
V ALOE OF
117
PPLIES , AND 8QU JPME 'r
\TEn 1.\1,s, SuPPr,rns, \ND 1,: ou 1P:11EXT P1wn11rno FOR WP
TYPES OF ~l.\T1':R I \1,,-; ,DID RY :--i OU RC E S OF F ON DS
- OPEIL\ TED Pn o.JECTS , BY
[.\ mounts in thou ,;;nndsl
Currn 1bti vt• th rn11c:h .J lli1l'
'l'rpe
I
To l ~I
:m
Sp11nsors' runds
T ot al
Cement
f'on crrtr p rod u c ts
C ru shed stone
____________ _
Sa rni and gra\·e l ______ ______________ _
Othe r
-----------------------------·
100 o
$ 1:n. 123
$•;00.,-,gg
'.l-1 g
l fi9 . .501
202. 279
1
- -4-r, ~
~
'II. flS~
.'il, Ofil
fi2, 07G
-
Iron and s t eel r r d u e ts __________________ _
Amo unt
.1n 1. 71.;o
-lfi 7fif>
Brick. t1h' , and olh l'r chy products _
Percen t
f:.rm. ,22
ton", clay, and glass r1 o<lu cts
Cast-irnn pipe and fittim?s
____________ _
R ntin g and Yentilatin g Pquipm cnt ____ _
Stru ctural and reinforci nJ! stt~d
__
Tools. ex.eludin g maeh in r tool s ______ _
Other
__________ _
I
4 ~
fi O
I
T otal
F'Pdrra l
funcls
.\ 11101Jnt
Y c1r Endin g Jun e 30 , 1919
Hl.39
J
Pe r cent Am ou nt [P e rcent
of tota l
\ S ponsr•,s' fu nrl, Federal
funrl s
of t otal
.57.9
$3•12. r.3~
100 o
$ 11 :i.07:i
$2'.:7.Rin
GVi. 4
9
12-1 , i IR
36. 2
47. OM
77, Pli-1
li2 I
=~~1=~•~
!'),",
I
27, 1112
:)H o
11. x~ - -,-.3 - ~ l . . ;li
10, ts~
Si, 82 1
:Jfo, 2f,i
3S S
32, 429
13,
22.R52
2fj_ !l20
2~.209
3.",, 1,10
SS.2
Sfi fi
lS,384
23,207
9. !i
5.4
fi ~
73
2.9
18, 8f',:l
6,S IX
R. 1 lfl
71. 105
r,_g
22,32r,
18,779
r.sr,
2;;,1s1
1.110
3fo,f,8.,
3 5
10, 129
2fo, 2.,fo
71 f,
10,0,if,
l,r.98
- - ---,=---=I=------=== - - - 1 = - - lf-7, R40
18 I
f,8, 802
J 18,, 3
f,3 3
oO, 322
17 6
Ill, •120
., 1. 270
(I, 7,,8
47, 29S
1~ 1~
3, 1.,8
20, 970
Og
4 r,
.\ mount Percent
,,r,r,
IJ,,fifi
1.1, 0f1{,,
=
18,01 1
8,3 1,
13, 0112
72 8
~ ~ ~ - - 4 1- --3. OG5 ~
R, r,oo
21,, 128
117 r,
a:, 7
°'
2, 7 8
0 8
13, foO•I
4 0
464
3,994
2, 32 I
9, n lO
i!I s
8:l I
70 f,
17,073
1 7
7.~Qfi
\1, li i'
S, 42.5
1 fi
2,022
2.f,03
-tfi I
.,9,?41
S.7
19.1 27
:lQ,8 11
fi7 2
23,3 10
1\8
o,975
17,33b
714
32, OSI
11. Rf.4
JQ,r,g
7.\ 920 '
47,9 11
18,QQ2
70 3
',3 4
27(\
33,228
2H,09f,
22,127
7, 318
, 310
11,646
2S, H90
19, 78f,
10, 48 1
i7 9
70 I
47 1
fi, 44 7
8.~h l
fi7'l
2'1 1
.11
- - - - 1 - - - - - - - _ _ _ ,_ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lumber :ind its products. exclud ing furn itun,
Bituminous mixtu res
'T'extiles __
107, 9.77 1 l f 4l '
89. O.S
8 7
f,R
f,8,,f\l
pa,·in .,:r nnd oth er
. =---
1
i\ f arhioer yand~ qu ipmf\nt ______________
14. .J t'i~
1
Electrica l machinery, apparatu s, anrl s11 ppl1rs
Pa\ mg: and othe r rnad-huildin g mnrh1nPQ
and rq u1pment
Other
_
2
__
I
~roto r t ru cks and tracto rs
Chemicals a nd all ied prorlucts
1.2~0
21,f.53
22.~ J.=i
I ~ 27~
;1 1 3
_____ ______ ___
-====
15.~0i..:
1-n;-; ~ --2-,-, I~~~
-t .'l
4. 411,i;
O4
::l, 07.~
I . -120
31. fi
2. ~7.=i
O
~
2. OTi
, ,,
18
10,;;;r,
8,lli
13 1
!\, 7.,4
1 7 1
3.0~1
2fo731
r, 137
o r,
1. 93:i
1,202
19 r,
3 :if\2 1
I o_ _ 2 838 _
10. q;;;
21, 21r.
r,,, q
1
I
3 1
- - ,4 ..,24 - -,-_4 l~I~~
Chemicals a nd explos i,-cs
8 2
G.,
IS,f\<l3
32. I 73
Pa ints and va rni shes
~-~21
=~=I--
t. 3
~
17. h-19
1 7
4. G23
1~. 02fi
7:t ,
Hl, ;;r,4
~
:'J, 1.'l1
3 I
1, nr,2
724 _
7, .'i!l2
-;r,------;:-;;1!
I .'l
g;,3
If,.,
20 3
ii o
, - ,,1
1 ~
4,200
n
~I .,
1
PNrolcum prod u c ts
Miscella nM us
____________________
2!>. 2 ,r.
=
___________________ ____ _
11 ~
2 -t
12. ft53
J;{,
~_
3,\438
78. 19;
191
I
:i2 3
~. fiC2 ,
r.R R
3n.no l _
4, 111
I. ,'125
10 7 - ~23
28, 82,
2 . .7
1
,=i2 2
I
7< 7
Coa l a nrl oth e r fu el. exce pt wood an d 1w l rolcum
3, .185
O. 3
1. 499
2, O, ll
s~ 2
1. 014
fl 3
:Jo;
707
r,g 7
~onferrous m rta ls
.e.. 30fl
O. 5
2, 2:H
3,
ss ..i
1, 81
o fi
lfif'i
1. 11 s
7A. 2
10, 97U
J.i . 002
2, 84f,
ifi,857
l. 1
1 3
0. 3
7. 4
4,958
3, n47
1, JO
20,990
.\-1 8
71. 8
3fi l
72 7
~. lfi7
.I, 254
I, I.,:,
24, 1"0
O. 9
l. 5
0, 3
7. 1
I, 02.1
I. lfoO
740
4, 12.,
2, I 12
•I, 0!14
41:,
211, 0!\,,
fi7. r,
77. 9
3!i. 9
8''.9
_
_
_
Office su pplies and equipm rn t. inC'lwlin!!
fu rnit ure
Plumbing c~ u ipme nl an d supp lies _
T ires and ru bber j(OO ciS
Other
_ __ _____ ____ ______
132 1
6,031
JO, O:i.,
I, 03r,
,55, 867
Source: \VPA sta l e office re porl s.
the amol!nts 11 sed for rentnls of eq uiprn rnt.
L arge amount. of chemicals nncl nllied products
- explosives, pnints, nncl Ynrnis h rs- as w r ll ns
of petrol eum products, plumbin g equ ipment
and supplie. , and office equipment includin g
furniture also wer e obt,ai11('(I for use on vVPA
project. . (Sec Tnhl r fi2 .)
Th amounts of m aterial s, s upplirs, and
quiprn ent r rqu ired for l\'PJ\ proj rct o prrntion s
wrre larger durin g t hr yr:n endin g .1 unr :1 0,
1939 , th::in durin g t he prrcedin g ye:in,, in
keepin g with the higher lewls of prnj rct.
activitie th ::it preY nilr I. Th e valu e of m:1 201., 1, 0- 4 0
!)
trrinls procure l with both F r d rrn l and sponsors' fund s amounted to alrn o t $3--1:3 ,000,000 ,
or approximntely ,' 9-5 ,000 ,000 more t han t he
conesponding fi g ure for th e precedin g )·rn r.
Th e 1939 totn l ma)- ,1 I. o be compnr r d with a
tot.nl of som e $447 ,000 ,000 prnt for mntrri:li s
i11 t hr two )' r::n·s rn clin g .Tun e 30 . l 9: 7 ; t lwsr two
yr urs, howt'Yer , inc'.ucl r the last hnlf of J9:3 .')
w hr 11 th r program wa s br in g p11t into oprr:1t ion .
A consid rra hl r part of t hr incre:1 sr as hetwrrn th e yr:1r r ndin g ,Jun e :30, 19:38, and the
yr:n r nd ing .Tu 11 r :1 0 , 19:39 , wn s cl 11 e to t he
larg-rr mno1111t. of lurnh rr, crment, concrete
11 8
REPORT OS PH OG R ESS OF T H E W P .\ PRO ,RA M
HEJ I\' FO IH ' is l J C Ol\'( ' HE ' r E C ON STRLT T IO ,
.\C< ' OU N T S
FOH c, 0~1" <>I" 'I' ll " ()l ',I N T JT I " " OF M .\T"H l 11,,-;
1·;-; Ell ll N 11·p_1 P HOJECT ;-;
produ c ts. a nd mi sce ll a n eou iron a nd st.ee l
produ cts required f r t he expa nd ed progmrn .
Som e $3:~ .000 ,000 worth of lumb er was sec ure<!
durin g t h e )·e::ll' e ndin g in .lune 1930, esse n t ia l
upplies of cem e n t ,111d con cr ete produ cts
am oun ted to . ·:3:2 ,000 ,000 a nd •· 18, 000 ,000.
r es pectiYe ly, .rnd t h Y:7 Iue of mi eel l:1 11 eou.
irnn an d st ee l prn du cts total ed oYer $2:3,000, 000.
Eac h of t hese nmo un ts re prese n ts an inc rease of
from $7 ,000,000 to $ I O,000 .000 over Lh e corr esp ondin g (i g ure fo r t he preceding year . C onsid erably more bri ck , t ile, a nd o tli er cl,1)·
pr <lu cts , s,rnd :111 I gravel , n1 sl1 ed s t,o nc, a nd
m ac hi11 er)' an d equipment of all kind s nlso
wrr e req uired fo r project operatio n d urin g t,he
J 9:39 fi sc:11 )·c,1r t hnn dming 1938; t h e in cr cnscs
in the Ya lu e of e,1 ·h of t hese kinds of m ateri ,1l s
,n no uute d to between $4,000,000 a nd $6 ,000 .000 . Sin ce la rger o u tb)' S wer e mad fo r a lm ost
eYer y k ind of m aterial nncl equipm en t. t l, e
r ela t ive irn po rt: ,n ce of t h e differe n t ty pe:s
varied in onl y n limi Lc cl d egr ee.
Sp onsors of \\' PA projects li aYc p ro Yid l'll
an in creasin gly Luger p a r t ot t he m n te riu Is,
suppli es . a nd eq uipm en t used in t he op e rnlion
o f ffP A projects. Durin g t he ye,1r en din g
.Jun e 30, J!.)3!1. th eir con tributi on a m ount ed
to a lm os t .''228, 000 ,000 a
·ompa recl " ·ith
$ 17: ,000,000 in t he previo us year and ]
than $200 ,000,000 in th e fi rs t two ye ar
f
op e ra tion s . Sp o nsors' o utl a. s for ma teri a ls,
upplies. and equipm ent co nsti t uted a ppr ximu tely t wo- tliird s f t he to tal lurin g ea cit
of th e last two yea rs ~ ncl a bo u t 5 p erce n t
of the total on a c umul a tive basis.
Lumber , bi t umi.n o us mix tures. and s,111d
a ml graYe] 11·ere mad e ::tYailable i.n p,u tic u1,nl :v large qu n ntitics by proj ect p on ors
durin g th e year e ndin g .run e 30, 1939 . Sp onsors
proYicl ed a bou t $26,000 ,000 worth of !um bcr,
$2 0,000 ,000 11·ort.J1 of bituminous mix ture fo r
p a.Ying and o ther purposes, :rn I onr $ 1 .000 .000
worth of sn nd :rncl gn1Ycl. They also s upplied
s ubs ta ntial amo un ts of cla y produc ts. cmcnt ,
oo ncr c te produ c ts , cru sh ed s ton e, cas t-iron pipe
c1 11d fi t tin gs, stru ct ural a nd rejnforcin g tee!,
a nd textiles. The , ·alu es of each of th e e
con tribu tio ns ran ge d from $9, 000 ,000 to o,·er
.' I :5. 000 ,000 . On a compnrative basis spon sor.'
fund s were la rge (i11 excess of 75 p erce nt of t li e
total ) in th e case of cos t-irnn pip e and fittin g ,
hea tin g and v e ntil a tin g equipment , !um! er ,
electrical m:i chin ery , p:1i11ts :ind Yamishes, a nd
plumbing equipm ent nml s upplies.
Surplus Cloth ing Pu rchases
Th e ,YP,\. s urplu s cl othin g purch ase program
1rns <lesign ed to prn,·id e p eople in n eed 11·ith
clot hin g they wo uld no t otherwise be a bl e to
sec ure and at the s,1m e tim e to s timula te priYa te
e mpl oym ent, by rcm oYin g from the nu nk e t a.
cl othin g surplu tha t wn s seri o us ly reta rdin g
,w·oYel'}' in on e of th e Natio n 's large indus trie' .
Th e s urplus clothin g pur h nse pro,;ram 1n ,
1-in ,rncc cl 11ith 19.
8HA Act fund s und er the
a u t hori ty giYen to th e WPA Aclmini s trnt or
to use an a m o unt no t to exce cl .'25, 000 .000
fo r direc t relief purposes, und er the direction
of th e Prcsid .n t. A to tal of $ 15.750.000 1m
mad e :lYailablc by mean of three Pre iclential
a uthorizations. The firs t (on ,Jun e 2 1, 19:3 ')
:wtl1 ori zed pure lin se of men ' ,rnd boys· l1 e:1v.v
clo tl,in g; t h e second (.Jul)' 16) . 1rnmen · and
cl,ildren ·s heaYy clo tlun g; :incl th e t hird (Oc tober ), miscc lla nco11 s clotlung 1d1ich co nsist e l
mostly uf light er 11·ca r.
l\IA TEHJ.\L , S
PP Ll ES, .\" I) EQ Il'i\l E 1 T
Purr h:1 sC's " ·C'r C' m:1clC' b:· o rli C'ial s of th e Pror urem C' nt DiY ision o( t he Treasu ry l) ('J),lrtnH• nt
a id C'd by m emb er of the \\' PA a dmini trn ti vc
s t11fl' and by ex pert buye rs loan ed to th e Go ,·ernm nt b:v prin1tc bu sin C'ss o rganizat io ns 0 11 a
dollnr-a-yc:u basis. 11anufacturers ,vcrc nsk('cl
lo 11bmit offer flm l samp les o r s u rplu s clothing
to th e com mi ttees of profcss in1111l bu ye rs. T o
make urc th at purcb a s wo uld l mad e from
s urp lu stoc ks, specifica tio n. r quired t hn t
garm ents mu t h aYe been manufactured within
t he pa t two y ea r and in s tork on .\ lny 1, 193, ,
or, for omc of th e late r purr lw scs, in tock on
.Jul~· I . 19:38. .:d nnuf:1rtu rers "·h osC' ofrNs 11·cre
xu ~IB EH \:--'D CO>'T OF :-;l' HPLU :-, C \R\IE:--'T:-,
T,BLE .)3 .
P UHC' IL\SED BY T ll E \VP A , BY TYP E~ OF'(: \R\Jt: :--'T>'
_\ ~ OF Je~ E ;Jo, l!l 3tl
[~ uhjt•d t1 · n·, i:-:11111]
'\' 11mli1•r o~
(h1rnwnt s
Total
T ota l
II, 1•1:l,07!1
$ 1fi, llHI J.:,5 1
~uits
~71. 111,
3, li W, U1:i
o,·t•rc-oats
Topcoats
Hai n,,•por
23'-I , /l l :'l
IHli. {Si
2, l'-.!i, HO:.?
I. :> Iii, ti27
3tifi, il !i
!IH, IO I
a:1!1,
I Ill
3,1.11:?:l
Sill. Ifill
3111
I . IIJ:l,
1111
I 10
.i\ l 1•11·s (')o th in~
1., 1. 2 rn
.\lackinnw s
Cos.sack
jaC'kt •ts,
s hrt~p- Jinpd
garnwnt s, lt•a thcr i?arnwnt s.
and ot h('r roats
Knittl•d outt' fWl 'O r
0thrr
7 1:{, i:!t i
iO:?
I .._l i
Hor s' clothin~
11:1, 11:l',
~uits.
0 Vl' rC'081S
fil . .1.'1'2
Topconts
11, :l![1
11 - •J:,..,
Hainwenr
;a. raekinaws
rossaek jaekct s,
Knittl'd ou ll'f\\ t'flr
0th,·r
:,:tt :ti:!
~Hi . :i i 1
I ii.
11.111
I 111
:i J:l
211,\
70 ➔
1:r.... 2-...;
~9!1. .\20
2:?2, 1g,
Coab: cln•ss, sport. ·md ot hn.
iaclud m g topp,• rs
Suits: two- and I hn•<•- piPl'P.
Skirts
I )r(' SSt'S
_
Otrls' nnd infnnbi' C"lothin g-
("oats dn •ss, s port. :111rl oth1 ·r.
i_ac•ludin12: topp.•rs
Suit s two- and thn'<'·pil'C'l'
~ki rts
Dn SSl'S _
1
Blouses
RRinwrar
Pajanrns
llolws .
__
Snowsuit s
Knilt('(! outrrwPar
<H lwr
1.12. llfi:!
,m,. 2u,
101. 792
l!I, 1211
fii" . I '.?!I
'2i.i, i'2'2
I Ii, !13fi
:!2fl, !l!i:!
7;i_ I
·:t?,
K:nittPd outt•n, ,•ar
01lwr
1.
1:l
J,t;~
1!1.'' ,:ifi()
:fill. i !i:i
:!:l,1 11
11 l
1. l 'rtl,:l! :l
Ii i O'-t:?
l!l,\ q;J'-.
)!'1, 11:?7
:,. 71HI
I:?. ,17
IJ, 1:1
I:.?"' . "' H!I
11.!ll'lfl, ;;,1
JS, ,C,\ J
J'-., JU:{
I. tii
lli~.201
t1:i. ~a~
I'.( i"!l:1
i~f1
,H·(·cptrd 11·t'l'e in . IJ'JIC'lrd lo s l1 ip gfl rmrnts to
r·1' 11tr,1 l wnrt' ho u r s loe,1 t rd in .t\ " . Yo rk and
C hi r,1go.
Th e 6 ,-!..J-3, 000 p:n rm C' nt s pro< ·11red wer r Ya lu rd
at " 15,6 1,000 nnd ro::;t, o n t li r ,1\'rragr, .'2 ...J-:3
per garmrnl. Pure-ha rs wr rC' mad e from l ,'.3:38
firm s locfl tecl in 32 s lnl rs. Th e s tfltc di s trih11tion of p11rr h :1 sr , ns mig-l1 t be rx pc trd , r d ] cts
th e loca tion of t hr c lothing m:rnufaelur('r. of
th e co untry. Good s purc-li ,1st•s from 74ti f-irm s
in N" ew York StatC' nrcountrd for m or e t h:1n
half of tota l rxpe nclilu n's, ,UHi purdiasrs from
13-! fi rms in Penn sy lrn ni:1 nnd from J:3,5 Jinns
in .:-fassnr hu , rtts ea d1 ngg rrgntcd w ell 0Yer a
million dolla rs.
Th e first purc hasrs co nsis ted chie fly of h eav~·
woolen outeiwear for men .rncl bo)'s. Ovrr
·:3,G00.000 wa.s spen t for :3 71 ,000 m e n 's s uits
and .' .5:33, 000 for I t:3.000 bo~•, ' s uit s. Th e
iormer av ern ged $!1 .c':3 in cos t :md t he la tter ,
$4 .72. About 239, 000 men 's 0Yercon ts and
6 ,000 boys ' ovrrco,1ts were purch:1' ed at nn
average cost of '9 .l u n.nd $G.88. r cs pcc tinl_v.
Th e 18 1,000 men a nd 11 ,000 bo,·s' to pcoa ts
purch ased wer e vn lu cd a.t .·, .:):3 and .'-t .07 ench .
.:-ln ck i1rnws. cos nrk j:1rkcts. ,111d ot h e r c· o:1t s for
men and boys ,l s w II n.s k nitt c-d outrrwt'nr 11·crc
also bou gh t.
clothin g
Am ong th r purchn scs of wom en
were 276 .000 blou ses whi C' h cost 82 rents each
on ,rn n,·eragr. Some I:;2, 000 wo mr n 's coats
and u l .000 girls ' and i11fonts' coat 11·er e purcha sed at HYC'rn ge, o f $-! .:"> 9 and , 3. 21 , r espectiYrl)' , ancl 102,000 women 's s ui ts at a n average
cost of "-! .S.5. Th r (i7 ,000 \\' 0 111 (' \l ' , dr('<;S('S nncl
7 1, ~OH
'1. l :i i , 1:12
\\' 0111Pn's clot l1i 11g
I o;
:>~. :!W
;21
10:-l, 2X2
I -.,
.~ .......
10 .... ,!'):{:.!
1:111:
s h1·P p-li1wd
~arm pnts. h•nt lwr gFtrnwnt s.
and ot hi •r con ts
B loLL~l'.S
H. riinwt•or
l '1·r
g armt •fll
119
11. ,1
:!:H,lifl:.!
li,!1:!I
7i, q:i;\
1[1,
,"i!',!',
1'.?2. :?:i3
:! 1, t,'2!'1
:lJ 7. I ~ I
70'-. , ~/!I
:•Uifi, !IJ! i
22.ri, ,i ii
IH:i. O!l!I
"I ! IE
_q ' JU'Ll ,- ( ' i, C) ' l' lll '\I, J•l" H( ' l l 1 ., 1•:~ OF Til l•
11'( ' 1, l l>lc l ) \I \H\l ( ' ()\ ' I'S J• l) J{ llOY S
\I\'\
120
T
REl'UR'l' Of\ l'JU>C:H ES
\B l ,E
."i..J .
U'l 1n: n
\YP ,\
PR OG IL \\t ,
(; IR \I EXT:S
OF
' { l J\ tB ER
r 11~:
Si
B Y S 'l'\TE>-
1{ 1' 1.P"
\'I ll
RY
DJ ,.,TH I H l I
T,
~:o
P1 · 1u· 11 1sE
C'LOT lll 'IG
P~::s O f'
(; I ID I E:-.'T"
.\ !-i OF J l''.\ l- '.UI, l!l39
(~11hjt•c·f lorn isionJ
l'utal '
S t ntP
UnitPd ~tntrs
.-\r iznna
A rkansas
Ca lifornia
Boys'
C:cir-
nar-
I nfant~·
tlll'Ilts
llll'lltS
n:irtllt'lllS
\\"01111•11's
fi, I ,s. 4Sl 2, 2-1~. GI2 1. 172. 60-1 1. 29.1. ,"l-1;)
I- --------1---
Alahama
______ _
Colornfl o ________ _
Connecticu t _
Drlaw:uf'
Dis I of C'oL __
____ _
Florida
Grnreia _______ _
35. IS5
,. "'ifil
15, R,53
4. S\'.'12
l 9, 3,2
:i, 1) 10
'2:i. ;,,
n,90,
2 11, 21r.
3s,;31
9 1. 324
rn.1s1
4r,,r,ss
19.001
4f>. 11:i
11. 12;
:?~. mt?
:l!l, 7fil
1,. i:? I
12. 13,\
I, qi..,,
li ..i<lll
17,
'.{, 121
73, Onfi
2G. 123
14. 092
fifi, fi:t1)
Ill, :12,
~J.'NI
'l,Nl
24,354
12. 602
3,0:l9
7. :117
29, ,20
:ti, "-ihfi
2, ISO
!03, ;3;;
lfi. ,,2
21 . .i:?i
:_~I. till'-,
3. 747
fi, 1q,
S9, ,',() ;
33,319
!01. afKl
1
lf>ll, I.',!
121, 7-111
ifi. 92fi
-1 5, ,1)70
). foinr_
31. n,2
:-Ior;-land
i\ fu,;;sarhusPt ts __
II, I 111
2,iA. 172
9,301
13. f>l3
90, "-,(ij
l\firhigan ____ _
1'. f inrw,;;;ota. __ _
31i4, lt1.)
1;3, ,39
120, fl72
44,0-!5
67. 7p,7
)fis"'-is,;;ippi_ _ __ _
71, .:.;1,
2fi.003
fifi. fiii
13, 722
12,043
17, fl.ii
7. 2fi:i
3.,. 0.\1
I I. ➔ -1 2
NPhraska
NP,·nda __
rf'\\ fT ampshirf'
Nrw Jrrsi?v
Nrw l\ fpxfco __
Nrw Ynrk
North rurolina
Xorth Dakota
_
Ohio
Oklahoma ___ _
Qrpgon
PPnnsyJ,·ania
Rhnrlf; fslanrl
Routh r1.rnlinri
South Dakota
TPnnpssee _ ___ _
Tt•Xfl~
_____ _
l'lah
\'·nmont _
Yireinia
l'-\ 1, fiti()
1:l, 2PI
2fi. .,..,4
111
rn. 644
Ill. 049
K,•nturky _______ _
Lnuishna ______ _
IS3, -!40
71. fil3
9 1. !\90
6, 7Ifi
Hi/I, 434
fii, i.J:i
2s. 239
27. 4.i-1
!I, 2 1~
l:?.l:{!I
211. ;:1,
3. \2fi
21. ,03
SOI. i;.,,.,,:;
l ontana
I . 7:? .... liHO
!lfi. rm
2". ti{),;
I <laho_ _________ _
Il linois __________ _
Indiana __________ _
Iowa ___________ _
Kansas __________ _
:\I issonri
c:irl:--" nnd
\ I ('n's
Oar-
uwnts
14. 3S4
3 1. 13,\
13, i3!1
1.,. ,,g
24.
23. fiil
1.1, .,.';l
4, 9,3
2-t. t?ti
1.i, :?.'lti
7. 31;:!
'· 4',()
44. aM
24, fifi2
()j;{
"' ':!
-1..., 2.rn
1, . 2,1)J
2ti, 'li--1
:?,. 11,:_1
141 ;i;{ll
t.l.
rl'1
Ill. 1''.l
.i I. <;;.()~I
""· H31
,;,,21.;
7fi. 7211
-t2, fil 1
1-t. 1fl2
l{Hl ..-,At;
Ii:!,.~?]
J11 ..no
I,\ ?ii
12. i\Ml
·"· '.!17
1, l ~fi
22, '.l7h
2113. 11 3
:t\ 2Si
la, 979
9, ,,3;
11. 91h
17, ...,,,.,
I. 721i
"'\, lfii
n. 2011
11, 0 1;
724
3. 71'2
40. ,.,9
a, 264
ilti
4. !iii
-t0. ~}Ii
HI, 0, 2
i'-i.), I ii
:m1. 97i
Hfi. ilfi
"''· <lJ 1
tt1. 24[1
:{39. 1in2
~I. 3tl2
1,. ,14
14;, ,io
!4R. 293
11. 3.,9
Q, 40fi
fi9, 39i
J'-.1, liSa
I 3
3.,..,11
1'-.1102
13,IK17
iS. l~t,
3.,. 2 13
.'i, ;gg
'llliO
.,99
103: 31HI
37, fiHi
S7S, 2"',!I
'.t?,(iSO
7...... 1"-i
73.0%
,2, i~li
fin.
11. 2,n
:!12.:ug
12, 2flH
27, 291i
20, "''
Q\,
n. 43:?
JO, 90;
II\. I P,
11.-,t1,
!Iii Otl
' I~''
2-t, :tiO
IP, 3lS
20, f,71
15, lH
lfl. ~.._,;;
fil, fii:?
l~I,
31. ;;;3
3, 2fi2
Ill, ,211
I, f.Oa
fi1, ,;11i
2-l . 2 1i
2. jQ()
Ill. ,02
,o. <n7
2,. !OS
3!). 201
17, 2~;
21. 1191
,;;, J"-,~
30,970
l, ~-t-~
3, 09!\
22.111,
!i 2:-11
1s.r.;,.1
~1.1qo
11. 1,1;
IO!\, <;35
ln7. 301
9, 1110
.;, ,:i<1
\, "-,CIJ
2'.!7. 1, t,
:?.~. 111,
12, 219
,1._,
'.,?:{!I,
10. OQ.,
1,11211
,;.nfl1
44. 30.\
4. "sfi
"· 233
2. ~-!II
20,0li:1
.'ii~
;, 1.'il
4. 37:!
10, -l.'\tt
J',,1131
1.,.11 S
211. 1.:-,-1
2 1. , 4:1
49.11911
2. 2-.:1
20.
1011
30, 11:l
1. 7~9
'Total shipnwnts an• slichl ly hielwr than total purrhflsPs ns shm\ 11 111
T ahlr> .n hrc·nusti of ttw f:1i\11n• nf Y1•nclors, in sonw instnnc·1•:-:. to hitl for
sampll' e-nr11w11ti...
th<-' 420 .000 f' hildr<-'n's dresses thnt W<-'r e bough t,
nYrr:1 ged :Ii I .7(i and .- -l r ents, res prc ti,-rl:T, prr
g :1rme11t.
Th e number of knitt ed 011te1wc-',1r flrlicl r.
hought for mrn , womr11 , f111d r hildrrn , rPprPsr 11tr<I --l-0 pr r<'r11t of t h <' garnl<-'nt'"' prncur('(l
although in ll'rm of ,·:llue t h ey r r prrsrn ted
OF 'l' II E WP.A PROG RAM
0111:T 11 p er cent of th e totn l. Th e avern g e
priC' r of s uch clot hing rnn g ed from 44 cent Jor
ho:-s · s wratNs to 92 cents fo r men 's knitted
\\ e:tr. Tn bl e 53 ~umrnnri zes pmc lrn s es b:lypes of g a rm ent , and s ho,\·s t h e n1l ue, 11urnber
of u11it s, an l nYerage prir<-'.
I n .1 llocatin g g arment s :1mo 11 g- t h e tate fo r
d is tribu t,ion con sicl era tion w,1 s gi,-en to a n umhrr of factors; th es e included population in
10:30, num bcrs of person s r rce i \·ing general
rrl id, r er ipi en ts of ca tegoric,1 l assi tn nee , a nd
\\'PA \\'orkers, a nd t h totnl es timnt e l number
o f pe rsons in nee l. Consi d ernt.ion of clim at ic
condition s wa impo r ta n t in nllocating t h e
s pe('ifir item s of cloth ing to th e ,-ariou e tion s
o f the countr)- . T able 5-1 s ho ws t h e nurnher of
11w11 's , boy ' , women 's, nncl girl s ' nnd infant '
g-:1rmrnt sl,i ppecl to each s tnte .
ThP selec tion of p er son s to f'C'('C'iYe g nrrn ent
\\ ns Illnde hy public \,-elfarp nnd relief .1g enrie
dPs ig nnted b)- t he 1rPA s tate di,·ision of employme11 t , b:· t h e iYPA, or jo intly hy the i\~PA
e lect io n w n
:ind the public ,\-elfare ag enC)' .
Ill,Hlr on t he lrn si of ne cl nfter i1n-est ig nt io n
pro,·l'cl t h at th e recipient s \\'Ne unnble to pro\ id (' t he a rticl es of clothing fo r thrill eln .
Tl1 <-' r er ipi e n ts in cl ud ecl unrmplo)-ed p e rs on
\\·ho \\'ere cr r t if-i ecl ,rnd aw11 iting nssig- nm ent to
\\" PJ._ project s. iYPA worke r , fomilie and
-.;i11 g le person s recei,-ing gener a l relief. recipiP11 ls of socinl ecurity nid , nnd fam ilies \\'1th
:-; YA workers _ Person s o ht:iinin g no a s, i t:rnc·r )' t unn ble to secure clot hin g th rough
normal clinnn el w ere nlso eli g i ble to recei,·e
s urplu . g arments . V aryin g r irr11m s tanre. in
t h r . evernl s tates resulted in diffrrrnt emplrn s is
in t be di s tribution of s urplu s c lothin g nrnong
t lw types o f r ligih le person s.
l )i s t ribu tio n wn s under \\',1,,· h>- th e midd le of
Novem lw r and proceede l rnpicl ly du ri n g D e('emhrr I 0:3R :rnd t h e fi rs t t\\'O month of 1939
in nn r fl ort to s uppl)- t h e h r:1,·)' o ute1wenr in
timr l'o r us e during t he \\'inter m o nth s. r. fi rPll,1 1wou s garment . genera lly of light er ,\-e ight,
B)- t h e Inst of
\\ Pl'(' dis tri but ed in ~ forrh .
.\ pril on ly n ver:7 mnll fraction of t h e g a rment
pron1 rrd undPr th e su rplu s C' iot hin g purdrnse
pm~ rnlll \H'l'l' s till i.n t h e lorn! ckt rihution
('l'll (p r ~.
WP A-FINANCED OPERATIONS
OF FEDERAL AGENCIES
PROGRESS ADMlN" I STHATOlt W:l S
under authority of :-\c,c·tio11 :~ of
the E I-L \ .\ ct of 11)3, to alloe:1te \\" P.\ fund s to
ot her Fecler:11 agencie for the prnse<'ution of
projects sim ilar to tho e ,,·hid1 tht' \\'P1\ C'rn ild
openite . Th ese projects, sirnil:u in type to
reg ul:1r \\'PA-opc l'atecl projN·ts, have hc'l'll
cn rried on in acco rd with the g-ener:11 rrgu lntion s
thnt 1,·rre . tabl iJ1NI for \\· P,\ prnjc,c·ts. l n
tot:11 , the \\'PA tr:111 ferrecl $K-!,(i2n ,ooo from
the fund s rn:1de :wailable by tlir gHA ,\ C'( of
193, :rnd t he two supplcrn e11t:1ry :1ppropl'i:1tio11 s : thi :rnrnu nt , as of Jun e :rn. I n:39 , i11(·lud<'s
a little !rs th:rn !:i-! .000 ,000 :1l loC'11trcl to tlH'
riou s :1 ge11cie. for admini tr:1 ( iYe ex p<'ll S<'S
incurrrd in co nn ction " ·ith prnjrd oper:1 tio11 ".
The 11ork unclert:1ken with \\'P.\ fund s h_, t l1e
Fed em I :1 ge nc·ir. 1d1ich rec i ,·eel :1110<':1 t ion s is
umrnnrized brief!)· l elm\'. The di sc- uss ion
cxrludes acti,·iti es conduct cl with :ippropriation . . pec ific:1ll y proYid d for tlH' Fc'd('l':11
ag ncir s i 11 th e ER A Act of l (J:38 :rnd 11·i lh ol her
npprop ri:1tio 11 . m:1d e direc t ly to thrrn. T:1hl <'s
47 and '27 on p:1 gcs l 09 and 92 slH1,1, res pc'<·t i I l' i_y ,
the tran frrs of \Y P.\ funds . by ag<'11C' ies. :111d
the mplo~·mrnt proYidecl on th<• \\. l'.\ -fi11:11 1<·Pd
F cl ml :lg"l'll<·y proj('C'lS.
Taut li ol'ized
II E
WORK ,
,-:i
Department of Agr iculture
Soil Conservation Service
Almost .'10,000 ,000 ,1·a. trnn s frned h_1· tire
\\'PA to th e ' oi l Co11serYation ::-ien·ic-c for proj-
ect. which haYe provid ed work for between
J :3, 000 :1,11d l n,ooo persons du rin g t he Year endin g .Jun :30, H1:3H . Th e proj C'ts fo ll into t\\"o
major cntcgories Lhnse ,1·!,i rh furt lrer the
:1gcnC)'\, rcg ul:n soil conserY:1tio11 progr:1111 :rnd
t lrose ,1·hi C' h relaLe to its lnnd ut ili z:1tio11 pro\ \' iLh the \\' !'A fund s rn :1de ,ff:lii:lb lr
g r:1111 .
for furL hcrin g t,he reg ul:1r prng r:1m of the
, en·ice , clntn on flood s, silt:1tio11 of n'se1Toirs,
eli matirs, :111cl rms ilJl1 h11Ye bt'c'n co llected
,1·hi eh t he :-\en·iC'e co1rlcl not lr :rYf' hoped to
obt:1 in in t li e iJ1mH'di:1tr future wit h it rPgul:n
,1ppropri:1tion :rnd personnel. In additiorr ,
prnc-t,ic:dl)· :di of the :-;en-iC'e's field :1cti,·itie"
requ irin g emp loyment nf labor h:ffe been
assis ted t hrou g h projec-ts operated in almost
:i ll t.he sl:1Les outside the ~e 11 l~11g l:llld group .
ln rn1111edio11 with it s land uti liz:1tio11 progrn m the :-\oi I Con sC'lT,l tion :-\en·ice has l)('en
usin g -\ rl',\_ ftrncl s on projec-ts to cl eYe lop for
tht'ir mos t nppropr int.c' uses fon' s Lry , gra zin g,
c·o 11 scr v:1t ion, :1 ncl rc'c· re:1 tion Lli r l:1 nd s purc lr asccl under <':nli<'r lq1:is l:1 tiYr prm·1,-1011 s.
(This progr:1111 l:irgc l)· cornpri--t's u11drrt ,1ki11gs
th:1t 11cre i11iti:1tl'cl tliro11 gh t lw l:111d purd1:1 sc
pro.g r:1m of tlw Fc'dPral 1;:mngP rH·)· l{ e licf .\ dmi11i stn1tio11 :111 d 11C'l'e s ubse quenLI)· tr:111 sfc rrecl
to tb F:nm :-\en1rity .\ dmini s tr:ition: it :1lso
i11('ludes :l fc,1 projc'c· ts initi:it r d 11 11dn Titl e' l 11
of the B:111kh e:1 d-,l orws F:rnn Tt•11:rnt Act.
Th e proj ect :1di\·iti es, :ilthough directed
t,mrnnl s uLilizin g tll(' 1:incl for the ,.; pc<'ifiC' purposes imlic-:itcd . :ilso <·011trih11l<' to <·011 sc1T.1tio11
of soil and 11atcrrcsomTe. \\"orkisc o11d ud.c'd )
UI
122
REPORT ON PRO(:RESS OF T H E WP.\. PHOGRAM
in mos t of t h<' s tfltC's \\'hrr<' thr rrg ular so il
con. e1T:1(ion prograrn oprrat rs.
For('. tr)· dC',·<'lopmC'nt \\'ork rani<'cl on in ~9
. tritrs is ('( llffC'1-ting 111:111)· :lC'r<' of h:1 rrrn :111d
p~wtl)' \\'OO<IC'd !:ind into :trC':1s )·icldin g ,-nlu:1 hlr
forC's t products. l rim:ny importanrC' h:1 s hrcn
rittflr ii rd to t h <' pnl\·is ion of fir<' protC'd ion .
"Projrct " ·orkC'rs also h:1,·e rC'forestrd e, tr 11s iYe
ri r rn s of tr<'r lr ss nrnl r r od<'d bnd s a n d li :n-<'
irn proYC'd C'X is t i ng s t:111d s t h rou gh t h<' r<'mnYa l
of bru sh :rn d d isr:1 sr<I tr ers. Projrc-ts under
t h r gn1z ing prngr nrn h :we gener a ll )' hce11 di rec-ted t,mrnnls <·0 11Yerting brge aneagcs ill s uit ed t,o f:wmi ng into gra zin g lnnd s or into
bll(ls comb in ing fonuin g :ind ranrhin g. Th e
formerly r ich gr:1 zi11 g :1l'C':1S fire hrin g rrs tnrC'd ,
\\'fl tr rin g fnri li t ir s for -.; tnck estah lish rd. nrcrsnrv frncrs bui lt. a11d thr eq ni.pm r nt, pr<'p:nr cl
t l, :{t is nrrd<'d for r:rn ge resrnrc lt ran ird on
t h rou g h lnnd-gr:111t co ll ege . .
.An efl'ort lrn s b('(' ll m:1dr to imprm·e 11:1!t1 r:1l
r o1Hli tio11 s for " ·ildli fp i11 ro1111rrtion w it h hot l1
th r forrs tr:,· :11Hl g rn zing prng rams. T his l, as
i1w0Jn,(I t hr r n':1tio11 of game rrfugcs \\' here
\\' ildl if"c is protcdcd from h 11 11 ters , ro11st rl!C'l io11
of water h oles for g :llll(', arnl t he clc,·clopnwnt
o f lakes, s t rt' nm s, nn d fi s l1-rc:1rin g porn ls . :- 1:my
of t he scctio11 s w here l:md utilization prnjl'ds
hnd hren sl't lip wl'rr s11it:1hle fo r rrrrl':1t ion
h11t had llC'YC' I' hl'l'H den' lopct l for thi s pu rposr.
\ \'P.\ fl!11cls ha,·e hr<•11 11 sr d to make these' nr<'ns
n,·:1ilahl to thr p11hli1· in nc-t·or(la11rc w i th local
n eeds. Dt' ,.l'lopmrnt s in th e cliffcrcnt sec t ion s
inrlll(l c rn mpin g f:lcilitirs. pirni r g rmmds. lnkcs.
h:1 t h ing lw:1chrs, :md otl, cr r cc rra t ion:1 l fo ci li t ic .
Bu rea u of En to mo lo gy and Pla nt Ouara ntine
~<'('(lJlll ln rg('sl of t l1l' prnjt•d prog rams of the
v:1 rio11 s lrn rc:ll 1s in t ht' Drpn r tment of Ag ri c ul t11 rr wa s t h:1t of th e B1ll'c,111 of Entomn log: ·
mid Pinnt Qu:H:rntin0 . "\Yith the .'·7 .li:'i :i,000
tr :rnsfcrrr<l h:,· l hl' \Y PA th C' B11 rem1 ha s <' :H riC'd
011 i11tr11 s in' pl:rnl dist•:1 s0 a nd in sect r:1clirntion
work th rou gho11t th r ro1111try, similar to t he
\\'ork for \\·hi d 1 f1111ds \\'Ne m:1clc [l\':1i l:1 h ie
1111der rarlicr 1-i; IL \ .\.c-ts. Emplo)· mcnt on
t he. c prnj('rts Yn.riC'd hch,·rcn 7 ,-!00 nrnl :l
littl e mml' th:111 1-LOOO during the )-e,u.
Proj cts for ! hr co11trol of black s tem r us t
h flYe hern opN:1 trd in 17 s tates. c hi0fl y in t he
m iddle wes tern and :north ren trnl pa r t. of t he
coun I rY. T hi, control , ma in lain eel t hro u o-h
the l'r,{dication of the ba rberry bu he on whi~h
th r fun g us is ca rried , hr lps to protrrt fa rmrrs
from t he losses in y ie ld and q11n li t:,· of th eir
. m:1II g rnin rrnp. th at rcs11 lt from .;;t m I'll t.
T h r protection of ,·a l11:1 hl c pine for rsts in 27
s ta lcs b)· crnclic:1 lion of ru rr:1 n t and goosehc r r)· h11 s h0s which prcad w h it e p i11 r !) lister
ru s t is anoth er imp o r tant p ro j0rt ac ti,·itv.
This di.se nse attacks nll 11:1t in sp 0c ics o f w bi.t e
pine :md en d :111 gcrs tli c Nn t ion 's rxi. tin g
s t:rn d . , est imated to h aYc a ro mme rc i:1 l --;-a luc
of $-1 00 ,000 ,000 , as \\'Cl! :1s th e :7o un g- g- rO\\'th
h :1Y ing an even grea t er potent ia l Yaluc.
P rnc h t rees ha,·e been th e p:1 r t icu l:1 r pre:,· of
t he p li on:,· peach and th 0 p cn rl, m o. a ic diseases.
Projrc·L for th e cr aclir:1 tion of th ese d isease
a re be ing condurtecl in a n um be r of sout hern
:rnd \\'Cs tr rn s tates. I n T cxns c it r us g-r oves
:rnd 1111 rsNies h a ,·e b 011 in s prded to lora te
trees haYing ci tr us ranke r , n1HI infrctc d a nd
"\York
:l h:rndoncd t rees ha ,-e hccn rl'mOYC<l.
lo prolrrt 01111 tr crs from t hr Du tc h r i111 d ist':ls<' li :1s bee n cani ccl n in sc ,·c11 s t n t0s an d th e
Di s t rid of Col umbia ; t his i1 ffn l ,·rd lorn ti.no:rnd t:1k in g- out d iseased trees a n d con tr ollin ;
in sect c:1 rrit•J" .
. \.mnng t he ot h rr "\YP .\. -fina n cecl art i ,·it irs of
t h t' 13m·cau i th e " ·o rk und('J't :1 kcn in fiye
s t:1tes fm control and eracl ir ,1tio n of t he g:,-psy
dcs tro)· ing egg
mot h . T his w ork in cl ude
clu s tt'l's. duni.nat ing food pla n ts, s prayin g. : nd
app lyi.n g bmlap band s to t ree trnnks. E li.m in :it ion of th e th ur beri a pl:rnt is directed to" ·:m Is th e control of a " ·c1:•Yi.l fo r " ·h ir h th e
p l:rn l s01Tr. :i s host and \\'hic h in recr n t :,· rars
h as in vndrd th e cotton -produc in g a rcns of th e
so11t h11·cstc rn part of A ri ,mn:1 ,1·i th p:1r t iru l:1 r
d :rn1:1 gc to cotto n gro \\'n und er i.rrig:1 !io n . ] n
add it ion to it s pb n t d isc:1sc a nd in se ct cr nd ir:1tion :1ctiYit irs th e B urea u of E n tomolog:,· :i n cl
Plant Quarantin e h as one projcd for the d em olition of th ree buildings in lf o bokrn, N" cw
.1crscy, and th e prrpara t ion of t h e sit e fo r a
plant quarnnti.ne buildin g.
Forest Service
Almos t , ·7 .000 ,000 \\-:1 trnn s fc rrcd to th e
l1'o rcst St'n·ic0 by t h e \ YP A to en IT)' on an
WPA - Fl.\'" .-\:\" C EI) OPEH.\TIO .'
important ndjunct to it s program ; t h ro11 g h thi .
,1 ll oc,1tion from ,000 to 14 ,000 prr, on s lwn'
been emp loyed in all hut a k,,. s t:1 tcs of the
count ry . The work i cl ne chiefly in n:1tio11:1!
f r e. t. n nd inclu <ks the co n truction :incl rn:1i11 tcn,rncc of fire-breaks, forc s t-firc looko11l tm,·c rs
irnd o bsNn1torics, 1:rncling f-idd . , l r lr plw ne
lin r . . fore t roncl s and tra il , :rnd n1is C'r ll :rnro11s
bui ldin g :rnd s tructure . lmprnYrrnrn ls th:1 t
will nrnkc forrs t a r eas :1n1 il:1 hlr for rcne:1 t io n:tl
purpo cs a well :1 mng e u nproYcmrnl s l1 :1YP
hrcn ,mdcrtn ken . Prnjrct ,n,rkrr. 11:1 \"(' :1 lso
planted , improYecl , and leYelopecl trcr nursrrics.
t hinn ed fore t tands. comh:1tcd in s <'d :llld
disr:1sr , killed range-clrs troyin g rodrnt , cmd icated po i onou s plants. and :1idrd in the
development of fi s h and game r<'Sou r-rrs.
Y,' PA -fi nn need proje ts of thr Fnrrs t Se 1T ice
m mor than 20 s tate and t h e Di s trict of
Columbia h ave im-oln•d rrs rn rch work of
nuiou t_vpes including mTc~·s :lllcl s t11dirs
relating to fores ts. rnn g es , wildlif<'. nnd the
mnn:1grrnent of la nd a nd wnlrr1-h r d s. 1\l so .
t h r Scn ·icr hn s opern ted a forr s t r~· projrrt
in t hr prai rie s tntcs which i1woh·cd pl:rnting
windbrcnk nnd sh cl terh elt s in coopcnit ion with
form own er s in North :111(] So11t h Dnk ot:1 ,
Te hrn . kn, K nn s a s, Oklahom:1 , nnd T xa s .
OF FEDERAL .\ GEN lE
123
species of wildlifr hut :tl so . C'lTC' to r r d11 ce . oil
e ra. ion :ind nicl in flood c ntrol. F'or 11phmcl
g:1me prrsc1Tcs, projrrt ,,·orkC'l"s haYr built
frnce , pos ted and rrnnk d bournlnrics, and
con . tructrd o r rc h11il t road . . firr Innes, and
bridges. In scYrr:1I ca . r s , h11ildi11 gs and oth er
s tructures 1icccssn.ry for tltr propC'l" a dmini s tration and mn,intrn:1ncc of thr rrf11 g r , h n vr been
built a nd lnnd sc,1prd . , h r l trr. , pif'nif' tables,
firrplaces , hnthho11 . cs, and ot he r fnf' ilities for
public r ccrr:1t ion h :n·r lwcn provid rcl in connection ,,-ith the deH'lopment work ,,·bereYer
fea ibl e .
National Agricultural Research Center
A program h:1 s l)('cn ca rri ed on by the D epartment of Ag ri c- ul tu r to cxtrnd t h e re. ean·li
f:1cilitie of eigl1 t of it s hmc:1u s at th e I ntional
A g ricu ltural R csrnrc h C'cntr r locntcd in BrltsYi ll e , ?\Ia r)·larnl. 11orr than ."l ,000,000 of
11PA fund s w:1s tran s frrrcd and P\\'A funds
,,·r r e fl ls o maclr :n-n iln hl c to imp rove the gene ral sen-ice f:wilitirs s uch ns t h r h ratin g plant.
elrc-tri c and trlcphonr lin es , nrnl . hop fneilities ,
and to bui ld or rrnovatr g ara g es, barns, roads .
lnhoratorics , gr een ho uses, nnd ot h e r properties .
As mnn)' a s l ,000 prrsons h :wr been employed
on t his project durin g t h e year.
Bureau of Biological Survey
Tlw Buren u of Biolog ic:1 l , lt1Tr~- rrcriwd
ovrr . l ,~20.000 for l Ye lopllH'nt ,,·ork nn
,·ariou . phn scs of water ancl wildlifr con scn·:1tion in 22 s tate . Con servation :1nd b11ildin g
up of breedin g s tocks a.ncl th r rcs tornt ion of
n atu r:1] r n v ironmc nt.s for wildlifr a rr t h r r ltid
o hj rct iYr . T h e land on which r d11 g ('s :ll"c
l oe,1 ted nrc gencrn lly uhma.rg in ,1 l :1 rc:1 s l11:1 t
a. r e pnrti c ulnrl)7 s uitrd to ,,·il d lifr.
Thr nctual ,,·or k. throu g h which hr twrrn
1,000 and ~ .."i00 pe rson haw hrrn rrnploy<' <I.
Y:1rirs with t h e location of t h r rcf11 g r . Som r
projrcts haYr i1n-oh·rd thr con s lrn c tion of
dam . , dikrs , and ditche. to irn pro,·r wnlrr
a reas nnd rrratc marshes, t hu s promoting t h r
g rowth of roYrr nnd food rrquirrd h~- mig l':1tor_v
waterfowl nncl sh o r e hird . S11 il:1b lr plnnt s,
s hrubs , a nd trrr. h a Ye been s t:ntrd and Yll rio11 s
type of nes tin g island . h aYe hccn f' on s tr11dr<l,
which n or on ly attract sh o rr bird s nm! nt her
Other Bureaus
Tlt e B11rea11 of TTom r F:ronn micg and th r
Aqric11lt11ral l lZi 11 .s/1, 11 11/ ..-1dn1 ini.~trat io n r c<·<' i,·r d
.·s.J.2,000 and $12:2 .000 , rrspectiw l_v , from thr
1YPA to cn n y on s rvr r:1 1 rcsr:1rc h projrcts.
Ou L tnnding nmon g the projrct s is n. s tud)' of
con. urn er purcha s r s , op0 r:1trcl jointly h)' tlw
B11reuu of Homr EC'nnorn ics :rnd t hr Burr:1u of
Lnhor , tntis tiC's of t hr L ,1bor D r p:Htm r nt with
the r ooprrnt ion of the )fatinnal Rrsources
Committee ::rnd thr C r ntral , t:1tis tical B o :rnl.
and initiated urnlrr :m c nrlicr li; RA .\ r t. 1 The
work i1n-oh-cd :111:1l~·s is and prr p:1r:1 ti on of
rrport ,:; hn scd on the d:1t:1 r oncrmin g th e leYds
of liv ing, W:l)' S of sp r nding, :rnd s ourc r s of i.11comr of Amrric:rn f:nnilit's t h:tt h a d hrrn collcc-trd in citi r s and t01n1s of ,·:1rio11 . s izes and
aLo in a l:ug c number o f f:nm cotrnli rs. A
'See the Report nr, Proyrr.,., n( th e ll'P . 1 P royrn m, Ju oe 30. l93~. pp.
100 lO<i, for n rle~('n pt ion of tlw , tu d y .
124
HEPO.R'I'
o .
PH.O GHE S OF TH E WPA Pl-W C R A M
"erond s tud:· condu ct r d h? th e Burr:111 in coop r rnlion 11·ith r du ca lional in s titutions in 1.5
s t:1t 0s has h ern concr rn ed " ·ith th 0 physi<':ll
mr:1s urem r nt ol' n Imos t 1:)0 .000 hoys and girl
from -:1 to 17 Yt':lrs of :1ge. This firs t sc ienlifir
s tud:, of th e hocl.v m easurr m ent s requirr d for
th e sizing of c· lothing is ex p0c t r cl to be innlua hl e in drl erminin g tn nd:1 rd s for th e prop er
sizing of p:1.ttrms nncl rr ,1<l:·- to-wr,11· ga.rnw11ts .
Thr Ag ric ultmal Adju ,- tmrnt ~\dmini s tration's \\'P;\ -financ-rd projrd invoh·rs :1 se ries
of s trnlies connrctrd with <·on s urn r rs' goods :md
problrm~ arising from t hrir :=; t:rnd n rdiza tion .
Th e :=; tudi rs include un•ey,:; o f F r deral, s tnte,
and rnunicipnl trad e • t:mdn rds for consurn e1" ·
good , ann ly:=;i. of tl1r rco nomic :1sp r cts of
s brnda rdiz:1 tion and rrg ula tion, co mparison of
goY rmnent prdr rrncr mid grn ernl cons um er
preferrnc r, and otlier s tudies of relnt r d s uhj e('t. .
About $ 4,000 in \\"P,\ fund s w:1 s tr:rn sfc•1TPd
to tlw B11 rr a II of A rf!'ic11 lt11 ra l l i.:11r1i /1 (1 Ii II{/ t o
build a cotton warel1 ou se :rncl rn:1k c . om<' oth Pr
improYrm ent at iL E x p<·rinwnt:11 Oi1111i11 g
Laborator:· in Stonc•Yillr, ~1.is:=;issippi . Thi
proj ect, f r which P \Y,\ fund s \\"( ' rt ' nlso mad e
aYailnhl0, pnw icl l'd fi n, m onth s' emplo:·m c• nt
for about 18 person s.
Department of the Interior
N a tional Pa rk Serv ice
.'.\fos t of tli r \YP,\ fund s trnn sfrrr r d to th e
Dc•partnwnt of th<' Jnt crior for wo rk prnj<,cts
W('nt to th e K ation:11 Pnrk SnYieC' which re<'('iYed a bout $k ,k0:),000 for " ·ork in lin l' " ·ith
it , g<"ll L'l':11 improvcm L'llt prog ram in national
p:Hk s :rncl monum ent s. Ligli tP r t)'p rs o f r on-; true l ion nnd ro nsl'l'Y:l tion 11-ork pr<"dorni11:1 t r .
ln addition to th C' improyc•nwnt of n•cn ·:1 tionnl
,111 d :1dmi 11 is trnti,·<' L1ciliti<'s, tlw his toric, :1rr heologi('nl , and sce nic poti ·nli:1htic•s of th e p:1rks
and rnonum (•nts are bein g d l'Y<' lo p<'d o r mnd P
accc'ssible in a m:rnn <' l' t h a t in (' J'(':l S<'S their
a pp eal nnd usduln ('SS to th C' g1•1H•rnl p11hlic .
lmpor t:rnt a dY,llH' t', h aY<' h e(' ll mnd <' throu gh
th r Sen ·i('C' 's proj cct ,,·or k in its r rc r<•ntio11al
cl Prnon s trn tion ar l'ns. -Cnits of road s and trnils
a lrt':1d) SlllTC')·ed hn n : h<'en m:1d e pn ssn hl r,
fo cilili es for org:111ized camp and otlwr simple
built , ,niter a nd ,rnilnry
park s truct ure
0
S)·s t r m . in s tnll(' d, dam s ron , truct r d , ancl oth r
ac ti,·iti l'" cnrri ('d 0 11 thnt are n c'r C'ssnry for th e
r on sN Yntion and protc•ction of wat r , oil,
fo)'('Sts , and wildlife• n•sm1rc<', .
Tim proj ects of p,irtic- ular interes t havr been
o pe rnt l'tl. At th r Colorado T:1tionn l i\fonu·
rn l' nt unit s of road con-tni c lion have b een
u11d crt:1kcn to ex1w dit e th e completion of th e
S<·<·nir Rim Drive approYed in tlw r n ·icr '
" .'.\[n t <'I' Plan" for this 11rr a , ,rnd at tli r propo eel
C'npe lfa ttc,rn s Kational Scnshorc' on th r Korth
C'u rolina co:1 s t PX t en iYe b r ach-t' rosion control
,1·ork ha s hc en don e. 1YPA fund s baYr al o
b<'l' ll ust'd for l'l'Sl':Heh and cd11c,1 tional work at
th e 1Y:1 shi11 g ton and regional h eadquart er
f
t lw Sen·ic e and in sonw park and monum r nt
oflic cs. T ogdliN th nrious ffP.\ -finan r el
projects of th Sen-ice li n,Ye proYiclrd jobs for
hetwrrn 10 ,000 and 16 ,000 person s during th e
co ursr of the )' ear rndin g in .Jun e l \1 :3 9.
Division of Territories and Island Possessions
Aho11t $~00 ,000 in 1YP ,\ fund s 1vas tran sfrrrc ·d to the' DiYision of T e rritoriPs nnd l land
Possl'ssion s for prnj l'c t work in Ala s ka :111d th r
Yirgin Lsl:rncl s on \\'hich ernploymrnt ha ran g ed
from -:100 to 2 ,000 pl'rson s. In .\ la kn. proj ec t
ncti-vitil'S han• Ja rgdy bee n limit ed to \\'Ork on
th r Aln s ka R:1ilro:1d :rnd certain public impron'm cnl s in nnmi ip:iliti cs. ln th e railway
work \YPA flll1cl s haYe lwen 11- r cl C'xch1sivrly
for th labor n C'ed ed in u11proYin g th e r a ilroad
w:7)
Throu g h th r municipal i.inproYr m cnt
und ertakin gs, s tn•d s hnYe lw r n repuired , srwer
:rnd ,,·:1tC'I' li1ws in s b1ll ed, and sidc' 11·alks huilt
in ee rtain town s tlint pn•Yiou sly ln cked 111:rny of
th ese fo ciliti<'s.
Prnjrct ac ti,·ities in the \ Tirg in Island s Ynr_v
widely in typ e. In thr i land s of St. Crni.--..: and
St. Thoma s , ,1·orkers haYe imprO\·ecl s trret s and
hi ghway . S:rnitntion and water s up1 I:' )' trm s on both islnncl h:n-e h ern ex te1td ecl or
imprm·ecl. On t hree of th e is l:rnds pen s and
dippin g Y:lt s for control of cattle ticks h:ffe
])('e n con s truct r cl . A proj ec t to s tudy th e epid emic as prcts of eertain s kin and blood cli e,1 e.
h,1 s b ee n conduct ed 1d1i ch ultirnntely is exp ec ted
to inelucle examinntion of th e e ntu·e population
of Ch,nfott c Amali e. Se,,·i ng room and seYernl
nursrry-school proj ect s baY r al so been operated
7 •
WP .\-F'INAN 'E D OPEI ATI O
and nicl h :1. heen gi,·en to a locn l c·oo rrrn tiY
a sociatio n in ordC'r to f:1 cilit:1t e t he h:111dirr:1ft
work, cabinet -m:1k i11 g, frnit -pre c rnn g, and
farmin g- by n e ly person ..
Office of Educa ti on
\Yith ahout $:i00,000 tran sferrrd h)· thr WPA ,
th e Officr of E lu c:1t ion has heen r mpl oy in g- hetwee n 400 rrncl 700 prrson s on its F ederal forum
:ind edu ca tiona l rndio proj ects. \York r rs in
,·arious 1d1ite c ll :H clnssif-ication s h:lY <' nssisted
locn l sd1ool aut horitir. in organ izi ng. planning ,
and co ndu ct in g pu bli c ,1ffoirs fnn111 1c. Th e
local puhlic a;enc)· of rdu cat ion prm·id es t he
nece~. :H)· ;:; upen ·ision a nd al o rn:1krs an1i l:1hle
cl10nl buildin g-s a 11d quipm ent. ln cn nnrrtion
,1·ith t his program rx pr ri ment s tnt ion . haYr
been est:1 hlish rd in :rn s tntes. Th r r ducntiomil
rnd io project ha s as one of its n1:1jor n ti Yit ies
the produ ctio n of nrhrnrk progr:1m s den lin g
with topic. of national ;:;ig nifi c:rnce, s uch as th
origin and de,·elopmrnt of th r Bill of Right s,
th e ,rnrk of th e Frdrr:1I Oov ernm r nt , :rnd r r l:1tion . \\'l th La tin-Arn r ri c:1 11 co u 11 tries. .'u rnt h er
irnport:"rnt project :1ctivit)· . car rir d on in l C
tat e , mak es 8,·:1il:1hlr to lorn! educational
groups s uch services as n snipt rxc lrn ngr, g uid es
to produ ction and t raining ce ntrrs, trnn scription s and recordin gs, nnd a:=-sis t:rn ce in local
rad io production :llld rrse:1rch.
Department of Labor
T h e Bu reau rd Labor 8/a/ig/ics h:1 s co ndu cted
threr s tudies wit h tl1 r .'·, :')0,000 nwdr flYa ilnl le
to i.t h)· th e \YPk Emplo)·rnrnt h:1 s h<'C' n pro,·icled for nn :wr r:1gr of abo ut 7(50 prrso11 ,; d uring t be )·ear.
:\l ore th nn ha lf thr fund s h:W<' h0011 used for
th e buildin g prrmit s s lll·,·e)· whi <' li co1·c rs 1'011r
major kind of i11form atio 11 : h11ildi11 g cyclrs In'Yious to the \Yorld \Y ar; res id e11tinl building
hy co t gro11p. a nd h:· typrs of co11 st rndion
rnat('J'ial for th e )' <':Hs frnm I Q:3(i t li rn1 1gli l O::H~;
ch1 0JJings errct0cl in u11i11 cor poratl'd s uh1l!'h:rn
ec tions of metrnro lit:rn nn°as. lwgi 1111i11g with
l 93fi; and tlw rr lntio11 ship het\1·rr 11 iH' rmit rn lu at ion ,111d ellin g priers of dll' r llin gs. Firld
" ·ork Im been con du cted in all s tnl e' und er the
direct ion of seY rn regional offices.
OF l<'E DER1\ L .\(ll!:N C I ES
125
\York on th e D11reau's urhnn s tud:' of co n. 11m('J' purchases hi inYoiYrd s umninrizat ion
for finnl publie:1l io11 of mat eri,1I 011 t his suhj rrl
ohtni11rcl under :111 rar li erproj rct. (Ser pag-e 12:'3 .)
Th e two seri rs of bulletins h in g prrpnr rd onr
on co ns um er in com es and p1 1rcli :1 ,;('S and th e
oth r r on a,·r rn ge rxpr nditures l'or s pec ific goo d.
h)' f,1mihes or cl ifl'r r rnt incom lrYr ls pro vid r
a hn sis for p red ict ing th proh:1 hie s hi fL in dr111:1 nd fo r certain t)' pes of commod ities ,1·lii ch
\1'011ld re ult from g-ivcn cha nge. in in com e dist ribu tion nncl m o,·em en ts of populntion.
Th e Burea 11 's sur-ve:· of emplonn r n t in 'l tnt e,
co un ty. and cit.v goYrrnment s 1,·ill en:1 hie i. t to
fill t li r mnjor gnp ll'hi c h r0ma i11 s in its se ries
on 11 01111 gric1 il turn l emplo_1·111 r11t i11 the Cnitecl
St:1 tes. Th e s tudy coYers t li r prriod from
1020 to 1938 :rnd in clud es :1 11 s tntr govern m rnts,
nll citir ha Yin g 8 population g rrn ter th an
I 00 .000 ,rncl t hr co unti es in "·liich t hef'e cities
arr loc:1ted . nnd a represrnt;1 tiYe srrmpl e of
' I11:1lkr citi rs :rnd less popu lat cl co unties.
Department of the Navy
Tl1 e B11 rea11 '!f ra /'!l.~ and Dud·s of t he ~nvy
D r p,nt.m ent hn s been operating ,l program of
eon slrnctio n, rxte nsion. nncl imprn,·em ent of
i ls foc ilitirs nnd s tructmes cl1ir fl y at n :1vy
ya rd s and nir stntion s, and al so at the N"nva l
.\ c:1drm)' nnd nt some fl eet oprrntin g b,i srs,
t rni nin g st :1 tion s, :\ l:ll'i.n e Corps s tn tion s, su hm ,Hin e b:1 ses, fi eld and s upp l_v depots, n,n·al
h ospitals, nnd rad io s tation s. For th.is purpose
n to t:il of $ 1-L041 ,000 ,1·,1 s t r:rn s l'r rrrd from th e
\YP.\ to tl 1e N,iY)' D epartm rnt. Thrsr l'und s.
:ffnila hlr !'or JJ:1)·in g relief Ia horrrs , ,1·rrr usrd
in conjunc1tio11 ll'itl1 rrpproximately ./3fi.onn.ono
t li :1t 1rns . upplird b)· th P \YA for th e 1rnrc l1 nsr
of lllatrrinl s and r qui.1 m ent and Jor th e <'rnp lo.vme n t of . kill rd la hor . \Y P ,\ ,rnrkers
n11111 lwrr d frolll 12.000 to 22,000 1wrso 11 s
durin g th e cou rsr of t li e year.
131,ilding \\·or k c:1rried on u1Hl<'r the Xa,·y'
impro1·e nw nt program inYoln's tlH' 11 e,1· cons trnction or ex lrn sion of ,;l1 ops, storel10u -;es,
h:11T:1 cks, hospit:11 huildi11 gs, dispr 11 s:1rirs, :1Yi.atio11 nnd OJ'( l11crn ee s torehousrs, :rnd rnisce ll all<'O 11s st ructures. Oper:1 tions '1:n·r been eond 11drd in 14 ,; (nt s all hut t hrrr of thl'm
:1 long t hr r:1s(.c' rn . :1 ho:ncl
:rnd in Pu rr to
120
REPORT OX PROGRESS OF 'l'.l:IE W PA PRO GRAM
l{ico and th<' Dis trict of 'olumbin . with the
mo .. t C.\. tPn,u\'(' work !wing donr at l hC' 11 :lY:tl
oprn1t i11 g h:1 s1' in S:rn I )ipgo. :rnd at th r :\ l:1 rc
i sland (( ':1liforni:1 ) . Phil:1dPlphia . and Brnoklyn
nay~• y:1nls. l' rojrct ,,·orkrrs haY imprnYrd
,,·:1trrfro11l s thrnu g h both nc,,· co ns truction :ind
rr habililation of pier s ,rnd quny w:ills. T hey
hn ve built rnilro:1d trncks , ro:1cls, a nd di s tribution y .. trms ; imprOYC'd power plants :111d s h ipbuilding 11·:1~·s; prn1· i<kd incn'asrd . torage f:1C'i lilir . for w:1l C' r , g-:1so li11r , :ind fue l oi l ; :rnd improvrd :l\'intio11 l:rndi ng- firld . .
Department of the Treasury
Office of the Secreta ry
,r
PJ.. fund s tota lin g $ 1,040.000
Alloc:1tion . of
to the Ofl irr of th e Srnrtary of t h r Trras u1y
lmve brrn usc'd by th B11rurn 4 111/1 nwl
R U'U/111 :llld t he /) irisiu11 1if Ta .r R1 .,u11ch for
tax i1west ig-:1t ion and rrsr:1 r ch . Duri ng t h e
yr:u thr HeYen ue Bun':1u ·s projrcl 11orkrrs
a ,·ernged l-:--Hl in inunlwr. nrnn)- of 1d10m 11·rrr
mplo~·rd 011 i11Yrs tig,1t ion s of s tamp :111d ot hN
mi. cr ll n n nus tnx C'o ll ection s. Throu g-h t hi ..
work million s of dollnrs of clelinquc'nt :111d
drfic ir nt l:1.\.rs ,1 bout linlf of t h r tot:1 1 t hat
projrd rrnp lo_1·rrs rrporlrd for :1ssrs;:: 11 wnt
h nvr brc'rl collrctrd. Other prnjrct workers
h:11·r c:1 111':1 sspd relnil liquor e..;tah li s hnH'nts to
:1scP r t:1in thr compli:rncc' of de:1lers 11·ith liquor
law.. . H rportc'd ,· iol:itions hnvr n's rrltc,d in
co ll rctions :1lso tot:1li11g ..;rn'r:1 I million do llars.
Thr Di1 i..;ion of T:1x l{ esrar('h " ·ith ..;omr
,·oo0.000 in \\' P.\ funds h:1 ..; C'on durted l'<'SC:ll'ch
cles igiwd to ll H'C't th g n)\\·in g dC'm:rnds of hoth
goyr rnrn r nt :li a nd p ri Ynte agen cies for mo re d rta ilrd info r111 :ll ion thnn h as pre,·iousl)· brrn
aYn ilabl e r0g-:1 nlin g in('ome tax ret11rns. Frnrn
d11pliC':1te t'opirs of nhout i).li00 .000 r turns for
rn:rn frnm indiviclnals, four majm g rrn1ps of
tnhul:1tion s :ll'c' !wing pn'p:1re<l. Thrsr include
dnt:1 on so1 11·1·('S of ii1eonH' :rnd drd11ctions (inluding numhrr of . oun·rs ), family in comrs
(comhi.n ing ..;ep:1rnte rC'turns of hu s h:rnd s and
,vi,·rs), cnpit:d g:1ms nnd lossrs , :rnd t he grogrnp liic di s tribution of n1riou s ii1come cln sse .
In add iti on :l n11111her of olh N tahnl:itions have
been nrndc util izing o,·N 700,000 rrtu rn s from
orpor:1t ion ' , pnrtnersliips, and f-id11< ·i:trie .
T nbulntion of th rse materinl s, on which <'lllplo)-ment inC'rr:1 sed . tcadil)· from about 100 to
:1lnws t :?.000 prrsons afte r the projret' initiat ion in .'\m·r mhN I~nR. 11·ill m:1ke rn lunble d:1ta
tax resr:1r c b, rc,·enue
:11 :1il:d>lr for llSl' iii
cst i111:1t ion , nnd r el:itcd f-icld s.
Coast Guard
Thr Coast Guard h a 11nd C'rt n k n a c ns t rudion :l ilCI improYem r nt program with th
$:~:rn,ooo t rnn s ferrrd to it b)· th e WPA . At
mos t of the Const Guard s tation s the wo rk h a
largrl)· been clearing. grad ing . tr ne hin g, an l
re l:1t <'d roadway nnd grou nd improYem ent
acti,·iti e . On on e projC'rt, h o wr ,·N, tr:1m,
fire , r lec tric. water , and .. ewrnige e1Yic e wer e
pro1·id ed . Through l\1·0 othrr projects trlrphonr ,1·irrs 11·r rr rxten d ed, a nd nt one Coa t
Ciunrd :1 ir st:1tio11 a ru111n1y was built.
Other Bureaus
Th e projrct of the C . , . Public Ilealth
,",', 1'1·ic1, for 11·h ich . I HJ .000 11·:1s tr:1 ns ferrrd by
thr \\'PA . provided for the . umm:ir)r t:1bulntion
:ind :1n :1 lys is of data coll C'c tr d in the National
I J0:1 Ith Sun·e)' co ndu ctrd by t hr Srrv ice 11·ith
funds mndr nrn il nhle undN r:1 rli r r EH. .\ ~\ ct .2
The tnhu lnt ions co ,·rr dat:1 co ll rct d in t h
chron ic disr:1sr s un·e~-. t h r comm11nic:1 ble
disc':1sr s tud)·. and the oc1·11p:1t ion :d morbidity
:rnd mort:1lit)· . tud~· - That portion of the
1rnrk which h:1d been financrd 11·ith \YP.\ fund
wa s conrl11drd b:v the rnd of [i'r hrn,uy I 9:39,
t h e rem:1inin g- t clinical 11·o rk !w in g c:1 rri r d on
by the rrgu lar Publi c H r:1 lth ~e n ·icr st:1.fl' unde r
its rrg ulnr appropriation. A snw ll :1 mount, of
1YPA fund s ($~.000) was trnnsfrrr d to th
P 1·11cw·11,1111/ Th1•isiu11 for a project to drco rate
l<'edrr:11 buildings 1vith painting :ind sc ulpture .
War Department
Ouartermaster Corps
Tlw (~u:1 r tPrm:1strr Co rp:, rrc i,·ed t hr l:1rge t
:illocatinn o f a n~' of th e l•'rdC' rn l ,1grnc ic to
\\'hi C' h 1Y Pc\ funds 11·e re m ade aYnil a bl e during
• For .t desl'nprion of the Xational Heal th ~un-ey see the Report on
Prn,;rt .'-'•' of lht 11 ·P. t P rogram, June 30 , lY3"" , pp . IJa-100.
"IYPa\-FTN.\N 'ED Ol'ER.\TlON
the yrar . .\ tot:11 of .·:21.0-1.i.OOO \\·as tr:111sfrrrt'd fo r con trurtion ,tnd i111pro\ ('nH'nl \\'ork
11,t l7 air firlds :rnd drpol, 77 regu lar army
pos t '::rnd 19 nation:ll ccmrtrricc. a\ l:ll'g-(' p:lrt
of t he c fund h:1s been used to rmplo_,· \\'Orkt•rs
n a co ns t,ru c·tio n program for w h ich P\L \
fu nd h:we prcl\·ided materials fl rHI t.1, e s ki ll t·cl
111 hor n ot :1 ,·:1 il :1 hlc from r clirf roll s. ~o ll H'
, \'PA fund s l1twe a l o been u se d in rxte11si \ " C'
rep:1 ir and rc lrnbilit:1tion work at nuious :nrny
tat ion . T he number of workers rmplo)·c d
throug h i\" PA :1 1location li a ranged from
20 ,000 to o,·e r 45,000 during t he )"Pnr.
T he con truc·lion ,,·ork undrrl:ikrn with
',YPA and P'iYA fund s in ludes Y:trious types
0f buildi ngs :rnd utilitie . 1 Inny of t hr bu il ding ar c to proYide quar ter fo r t he prrso nne lqu :1rters fo r n hou t 700 noncomrnis, ion eel ofl iC'r rs,
for over 300 o ffi cers and families, and for :1boul
0 nur cs, and G9 baffack to accornrnod:1 tr :1
tota l of a lmost 19 ,000 men. FiYe hos pit:1l s
Jrn ,·e been bu il t, with spac for , om 000 brd s;
011t tan cli ng among th ese i t hr Fitzsirnon c:
Gcneni l ll os pi t:1 1 at Dem·er, Colorado, \\·ith :1
capaci ty of (i()() hrd s . The 12 t heutrr h11 il d i1 1gs
con t ructed b)' project \\·orker. l, e lp fill u lon g-felt, need fo r rec reational focili tirs n t, :1nny
po t . ln addition, : number of ot hC'I' bui ldin g suc h a or dnance magazines, \\·:1rehouc-es,
garage and , hop building , r:1dio :rnd fire st:1tions, and sc hooL " ·ere i.:ndrnlcd in the C'o n1 bined \YP .\ -P\\'A-financcd eo11strnC"t ion \\'ork .
On t h e ut il it)· ph:1 e of thr <·011structio11
program, workers h:n' c in sta lled :wxili:ll')' st'\\ rr
) s tems of bot.Ii sn nit,ar)· and s torm t_Yprs, :111d
ha,rr exte nd ed electrical dist rib11lio11 nnd t r:111srnission l ine., water sy s tems, lrlcp l1 0 11 r lin es.
a11d r:1.il ro:1cl tracks. Project \1·orkr rs p:1icl
from \Y PA fund h:1Ye a lso bren r mploy<'d in
the ron trurtion of road , siclrwalks, and c-11rhs
:llld in extensiYe land sca pin,._ \\'Ork. T l1<'S<'
ac-li\·itie h aYe heen carrird 011 in almost all
statt' · prominent among thr projrd . \\' ('I'('
thosr at th Air Corp, Tecl111ie :1 l Sc-1,ool in
Colorado , at Fo r t .Jn)· in Kr,\· York , :111d :1t
C'Crtain po. t i n Ctah , Tex.ls, Okla l1 om:1, arid
1 Ias ac h u. rtLs.
The repair and r cha bilitn tion work rn1dP rtaken at va riou , ann)· tation s thro11 g h Qua rlerm:1stcr C'o r ps project financed wit h \\" PA
funds inch1drd t hr renovation and r<'llHHl<'lin g
1
OF FEDER.U , ,\ ,EN IE
127
of h:1rr:wks :rnd quartrrs and tliP rewirin g of
b11ildi11 gc-. Projrc-t workt'rs al-.;o '1:1\ l' modt' rnized he.1ting: and plumbin g '.vsl(•m s, painted
I ot Ii extr riors and in tc r iors, n'no ntlt'd \\'i ndows
and creens, and repl:1c-ecl fo11 11dn,tion s ancl
drl'rctiYe maso nry on a ll t,yprs of bui ldin gs .
Of pa r ticu lar in lcr rst in co nn ection with the
reh:1bi li tatio11 progr:nn is the wo r k brg un on
old Spnnis b Jo r ti fic:1 tion s, seaw:1 ll s, :rnd barracks at army pos ts in an .Ju:rn , Puerto Rico.
The resto ration of t h0, e s trnrtures \,·ill g i,,e
scYernl hundred yr:1rs more of 11se to military
monuments a lre:tcl )· 0\·er 400 _rc:1rs old.
Corps of Engineers
T l1 e ~:3 ,:3:i:3,0(Hl \\·h ich \\':1 t r:1.ns ferrecl to the
Corps of J~ng in ce rs hy th e \\"P .\ has heen used
for flood protect ion \\"Or k in NC\\" Eng-Janel .
E:1rth-filJ dikes and ernh:rnkmcnts, concrete
flood ,\·a lls, nn d st.op- log s tructu r es ha.Ye been
hui l t ::incl pump ing pla n ts 11 :we bee n in s talled
:1ri ous c1t1es
in so me ins t:rnce to protrct
along th e Co n necticut RiYer in ('onnrctic ut
nnd :\fassac h use tts. S ites haYe been prrp:u-ed
l'or flood con tro l dam a nd resrrn,irs on the
( 'o n toocook a n d P r m igc,\·asset H ivers w hich
flow in to th e ~ lcrrimac-k HiYer :tboYe Conrord , :K'e \\" Ll amps l1ire. In addition, flood
control examin:1tions, " ·hich include field urYe)·s :rnd su b-s u rface exp lorations, ha.Ye been
made in v:uiou s riYer ba sin s of fi-ve of the Ne"·
En gland sta tes. This projrct wo rk ha proYided emp loyment for hetwecn 100 .tncl 1,000
person during t he f-irst trn mo n t hs and for
as m:1ny as 2, 1 .')() pe rsons d 11ring t h rrmainder
of t l,e yrar e nd in g i11 .J11n r 1\l:1~l.
Other Federal Agencies
SeYer:tl ot. hrr cleparlnwnt:11 h11reau s or inde1wnclenl establis h ment of thr Fedrral 10Yern111pnt in nddition to those nlrrady mrntioned
of 1YP.\ funds under
rr<"eiY0d nllor-ation
Sr<"tion 3 of the rn:{8 ~\ ct. .\ Ithough flrncls in
exc-ess of h:1 lf a mi ll ion dol la r wNr transfrrred
to two of thrsr agenc-irs , mo, t of t he :1llotmcnts
inYoh·rd much sn1:1 ll er amount. .
Of the ."(itn ,ooo trnn sfr rrrcl to th r Bu reau of
Fisher ies in the D rp:1rtmrnt of C'ommrrc-e the
g r r:,tcr h are w:1 s mn le a \';1ilnh le to improYC
1:2 )
HEPOHT U.\ PH<H:HESS OF T H E WP ..\ PRo<:H .\:\l
F r drral focilitirs fo r s:1ti>-fyi ng thr incrr:1sc•cl
drm a nd s upon fish ha tc•hprirs in ro n 11C'c-l ion
with rcsto!'kirig commr1Tial ,ind garnp fi s h.
Prnj ect ,n >rk<•rs, numhNin g from (iOO to <>Yrr
nl:1rgc'd
2 ,200 p e rso ns, h:1 Ye rrno,;atcd or
huildin gs ,rncl rq11iprnrnt, lahorat or irs, and
rearing pond s nt liatc· ]l('rirs in :3;i . tatrs. On
ome projrd s , parti('lllarl)· th osr in slatrs
\\·h ere thr most extrnsiYe wor k h as hrr n carried on ( \Ya -, liin glo n , Oregon , T exas, an d \ \' rst
Yirg ini a ) , ":it c r sup ply and drnin:1gc linrs h:n-e
been inst,1llrd. For most of th e work P \ Y. \.
funds " ·r r r m:t dr aYnilahle to financ r thr
purc!tasr of m a lnrial s and the pa_nnr n t of suc h
technical or ski ll d l:1 hor as co uld not he
ecured from among t he nrcdy Ulll'lllployrd.
In ndd ition, t hroug h a, fe,1· of th r \\' P. \ finan ced proj rc ts, clcric:tl a nd other " li ite
coll ar work r rs h:n-e ,1id<'d in sprri :11 -,('irntifir
,tu die - ma cir in C aliforni a, :'.\ J ichigan , and
:'.\ Lu,. aclu,srtts .
The J-fo rurn rd J>ri.son.~, in th e D r p:t rtm c nt
nf .hi s ti c, ,ms prm· idccl " ·ith .;.so,ooo in \\' P . \.
fu nd to opc•rntc two co n tru ctio n proj C'c-ls.
Project workc•rs built ,1 utilit)· tunnrl, in s tallrd
sc ,1·er and ,nt t<'r lines, put up fencrs , and did
clearin g :rnd g radi ng, s urfacin g of ror1cl s, ,rnd
incidental work arnund th e in s titution :it
Tall aliassrr, l<'lorida . On the other prnj rd at
La Tun :1, T c·xns. a d;iiry h:1rn , ha)· :rncl gn1i11
b ed, and m:1<·liinC'r_Y shed \l l'r e built and so11 1e
incidcntn,l ,1 ork clon r. The Dcp:lr t mrnl receiYed an aclditional s:~.000 to complrt r a fi, c,-nlume . \JJTC')' of n'leasc prorednrrs (inl'l11din gpro hati()n , p,1rok , pardon , :rnd othrr fo rm s of
release liotli from p c n;il inst itution s and t li roll g li
th e co urt s ), \\ h ie-Ii h.1d l><'l'll conduc-trd h:· ( Ii ('
.11/ton,cy 01111ml' s Of/IC( ,1~itlt fun d s l"rnm
ea rli er EH .\ .\ rts.
. \. L ib"11!f u/ ( '1111wrss projrct in );° ('\\ York
City, co11t i1 111 imr t lw ,1·ork eani l'd 011 urn lrr prc,-ious E lL \. .\. ct,-, , is making t a lking-book machin es for hlilld persons . R eproduc- r r Jll'C'<li(•,
and r c('ord rm·C'lo pc•s nnd containrrs . ns 1, ell
as th r hook mn<·hinrs. ,1·er e made und C'r th e
$1 -t'.2 ,000 :illo<'ation . Th e . \.rnerican Found :1tion for the l{lilld, Jn e. furni,:hed pl.m s and
technical s upc'r Yision for th project , ,1 hich
emplo:·rcl nn :l\ prngc of 1 l-t person , a lnrgC'
proportion of ,1 horn \\·ere hl incl or ot hc•n,·isr
pby i ,1 lly lwndicappcd. The di tribution of
the machine. i. hnncllecl by the Librarian of
Con gress ,dio lr nds th e equipment to ucb
Ii i rari cs a - he clc m appropriate to SC'ITC a.
r egional or loc:1 1 ce nt er s. Ta lk ino- books for
u. r in the rnnc·hinrs arc pnn-icl d b)- t-h e
Library from an annual appropriat ion of
$ 17 .- ,000 und er ' ·.\.n .\.c t to Pro, -icle Book for
th e .\. cl ult Blind ."
The Sot i1111 11I R1 s111u-c1s ( '1 n,rn1itta project
financed b:· S-Hl .lHHl in transfrnecl 1YP .\. fund s
pnn·id c tcc-hn ic·nl ancl coord inating en·ice to
t\\·o Kation -wick projec ts spon sored h)- , tate
Pl.innin g Bonrcls. one rcc·orclin g the rxtcnt a n d
u. age of publiel)·-0,1 nrcl ,rnd tax-re,-erting- bncl
and th e ot.l1cr prC'p:1ri11g six-y ear adYance pub li c
impro,;ement progn1ms for states und t h eir
su hcli,.-ision . . l ' nit s of t h e coord inu t in g projrct in Ci11ci11n:1t i. Om:1 h :1 . P ortland (Oregon ),
:rnd Dnlla, dmin g .\ pril. :'.\ In~-. and June ernplo)-ecl an :n-rr:igr of 11 bout 40 person in
:J<;scmhling m,1tni.il for 11 perman ent fil e of
refere nce rn:1 tl'ri:1 I, cliieJ I~- in map form , and
dc,·clopin g clct,1i led tcc lrn iq11cs for opcrnting
st.1tc projcc- t s in t he hrn firld .
.\. totnl of SI 67,000 wa s trnn sforrcd to t he
Ru ral Elcctrifitation ~lr/111i11istration for two
prnjrcts " ·hi cl1 h:n-r emp lo)-ecl an aYernge of
'.200 p erso ns dur ing- t he yrn r rncl ing ,June l!-)39 .
\Yorkers on on e prnjret were engage l in complet in g the con s tru c tion of elec tric trnn smi sion lin es in four c-ountirs of :'.\lissi , ippi , beg-trn
undrr alloentions from t he l!-137 ER . \. .\.ct.
Th e hulk of t h (' tr:imJcn-<'d \ YPA fund s, howeYcr. wa used in Bn ltirnorc , J\ Lir:-1:incl , :rnd
\r :1 s hin gt on , D. C' . for the prrp:1rntion of record
:--trip maps or cli:tgT,1ms "m·c,ri ng nr cas in t he
,·il'illity of RE ,\. prnjects. T h ese maps. combin ing trac ings of road m,1ps ,1·it h deta il s from
ncrial plwtogrnph. , :nr Y:1lu:1h le in checking
t h r operation :rncl exte11. ion of trnn missio~
lin rs in rurnl nrr:1s .
Th e 1 ·1 1u,11,.,· . Jrl111i11isf/(/ti,,11 has ])('en 11sing
\Y P .\ :1lloe:1 t io11s tot :1 lin g :· ,i(ii-i ,000 for \\·ork in
c· on 11cc-tim1 \\·it Ii it s P\ Y.A c-0 11s t nrction progr:1m
c.1rricd on in l 7 st:1ks. 1Yorkrr on the part s
of the progrnm t li:1 t nrc \\' P. \.-financ ed, rn ngin g in numbers from 100 to oYer 1,0 00, h ~we
been ernplo: ed c- l1irfly on gra d in g and exc-a,·a t in g-; buildin g ro,1cl . sidewalks , and curbs;
in s t:illing e\\·rrs :1 ncl ,1·,1ter m:1in s; and extendin g s team and eleetr ic en-ic e lin e .
EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK
AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PUBLIC RELIEF
1
D different.Tunhr ourn::rn
sd1old s
approximn t<'I:· G,() I() ,()()(}
l'l'C'(• in•d som e form
of relief und er public a is t,111 ce prog ram s o r
b r n rfitc'd from th r wa grs p,1id to m r mlwrs of
t h r h ou srh old r mpl o,vr d o n F t"dn:1 l 1vo r k :1 nd
con tn,ction proj rc ts. It is c·st imat ed t h.i t
t h r r r w er e about l9,.-oo ,ooo person in t li r
hou eh old s, a n u rn bcr equal to J 5 p e rcc• n t of
tb r popu la tion of the co ntin e ntal U nit ed
tate . i\frmb er of nrarly h a lf' of t hr hc,usch o ld had public emplo:nn l'nt: OY<' r hvo ,UHi ,1
h alf milli on workers rrcein·d w ag<·s for \\' PA
work, a qunrt r r of n m illi on p<' rson s 11·<'l'l' <' 111ployrd on Pl\ A projrct , flll(I n11oll1<' r qu:irt r r
of a million on th e r eg ul:u nnd Pmc·rg<· nc.v
work f th r r F ed eral agcnci<•s. Yout hs lw 1H'fit r d th rough en ro llm ent in tlH' C'C'C'. 11ssig nnw nt to ~ T \. proj ec t work , nnd · ' YA s l11dl'nt
a id ; betwr r n 210 ,000 and 280 .000 you th s we'r e
a . i. ted un d er eac h of tl1<•sr prng r:1m s in ,lun r
1939. Large mm1b c•r of hou sl' li old. o ht:1i1H •d
a id under th e s tat e an 1 loc:1 1 public assisttrn cc'
prog ram in whic h th e Soci:1 1 :,;;ec·urit,v H onn!
Thu s ni le l in .Jun e 19:30 wer e
pn rli cipat
nrn rl :v l ,, .50.000 r ecipi ent of o ltl -ag<' assist :111<· L',
w r 300 .000 farnil:· groups n •c·P iYin g ,1i d for
drprn d rnt hild ren. and n ea rly 70 ,000 r l'cipi<·11t s
of nid to th e bli nd . 1· L'<'<i:· f: mn fa111 ili <·s
r ec ived assis tnn ce under th e F,1rn1 Sl'ntrit,v
l'H I
1
T
'
'T'he suhjec1 matter of thi s article will hC' prpserH<•d in mon' drt:ul inn
rorth <·nzrnn~ puhlit'a110n nf the Ui,1 ~ions of H •searcli nod .Stat 1s11e..s or
the \\ ork Projects Adm111ist ration .
.\ dmini. tration th rou g h th r pa)-m t'nt of nea r!:·
70,000 g rants. An :1ddilional t)· p<' of public
nid - g(' neral r l' lid- wn extend ed by s tate and
loca l welfare ng<' nC'H'S to I / i70 ,000 n ee dy
fo mili t• a nd in gle pNso ns wh o Wl'l'l' l'itlwr not
b<'lll'fi t in g or d se r ece iYin g in s u (li cit•n t bl'nefi ts
und l' r ot hl'l' progrn111 s .
Betwre n Jun r 10:rn and .J une 10:39 a m odc•r,1t l'
decline took pLlcl' in tl1 r tot ·1In um hen, receiv in g
r li ef or benefiting from F ed rn I wo rk :rnd cons truction w age paym ents; th e decline ,11nountcd
to l prrcrn t in te rm of h ousehold s :rnd Ii pe rcen t in te rms of pr rson . . Tl1 e reducti o n in the
,1gg regate for t h e diffe rent prog rn ms is :1ttri huta bl e prima rily to th e d ec lin e of 111orc than 11
p cr rr n t in 1\'P A cm plo)'111 cn t , ns mea sured h:·
the a ,·c rage n umber of pe rso ns rm pl oyed in
ea.ch 111 0 11th on 1YPA -op c r:1.tcd prn_jcd . Th e
declin e in \VPA e m pl oy m en t 11·:1 s o ffset to a
,·c ry limi ted exte n t by in c rrnses in t he ot hr r ,
rc l:1t i1·cly snrn ll e r , cm pl oym nt prog r:1ms :1n10ng
1d1il'lt th e Fcdcn1l ,llld non - Fcdc' r:11 :1di,·itics
of t he P1YA 11·crc ou ls l,1nding.
O1·c r tlw )' e,u · :1 s u hs tn n ti,1 l inn<':1sr occ·1 11Tcd
in lh c number of s t11dent s :1 idrd u nd er t h e
~y .\ . :rnd s m:1 ll <>r :id nrnre. took pl,H·, in th e
number of C'C'C e nroll ees ,UHi yout hs 1nirking
on NYs\ proj r d s. T li c numhcr of r ecipient s
ohtnining a id th rou g h thr s pr('i:11 t)·pcs of
pub li c ,1s»is tan(' e prng n1ms :i lso innense<l o ld,1ge ,1ss is tn ncc h:· I I pt•r1·ent. nid to <i<' P<'11< lc n t
children b:· 20 perce n t , a nd aid to th e blind h.1·
]29
130
T ABLE
REPORT OS PRO(:RESS OF T H E WP.\ PRO (! R .\M
fi,5 .
E~1PLOYMENT ox F E D ER \L \\' oRK
Ptt o .1E<T>S .,x D RE CTPI ENT is OF
\'\ll C'ox,s-rnr· , .,110:-:
B\
P en r, rc R E LIEF,
P ROC l{ \ \I ,-\
[Jn tho11..,nnds]
iJ~s timaird Pn..,ons
B,•nefil<"rl
Proirra1n lfrport111e l .. nit
Program
Prrc·Pnl
'-.::1 1111l>1 1 r
l "nil
(' hnn gi•
from .Jun r
HI~.._,
H rH1 s1•holrl s
,vorks Pro,,n Pss .\.dmini stration :
\\. P \ -o JH 'r8lL1d proj1 •<· ts
Ot twr Ft>dt>ral ag:1•nc·y projt•cts
Puhlit \\"ork s _\dmini s tration :
~1in-Fr1kral proket s
F1 •1 Jt,rnl projeet s
Ot hrr FPdt'rnl work nnd construct ion prnjPc- ts:
E nw rg:11 nry funfls
Rrgulnr fund s
~ ati onnl Youth Arlministration:
8-t u<h>nt aid
\\"ork projt>rLs
_
('i\·ilian C'omwrvatio n Corps
__ _
fi, tl lO
.\ id
10
dep11ndent ch ildren_
.\ id to tlw hlind
flC'fll'f81 rt •li('[
Farm R,•r11rit y .\ dmini s trati on rrranr s
n•t•llt
(')Ul.n !!P
0
:,,.: 11111hn
193,
\
-I
l!J, ,C,02
- JI
q. m14
-6
---------
Em1)1'1yt•i•s
Emplor1•1's
2. ➔ 3fi
Em11l11 y,•1•s
Em11lo yPf'S
21"1:,
133
1.1
Wfi
(HI
+ 144
+:l22
- 9fi
filfi
JO.,
- 13
(">
--r l3fl
32'.!
Ern1doy1>, •S
Em1•lor1'Ps
+ rn
29
-\17
:tN
717
+ 1r,
+2,
+2
+!I
2h11
+2
234
1. 1.1n
+5
31 1
+ 11
+ 20
:i. SS J
+ 15
f)I;,,
-'-!I
l. :1H,. ._
-.>
-:?fl
4. 770
-II
3-l ,;
-26
!I
Emplo) ,•es
2""0
Emplnyt•t's
214
Enrolh•Ps
2fifi
R1weia l t y p('s of puhli C' nss istnnce :
Old-ng:t' 3."-Sistanrt'
P1.
Ifrom
Juno
I. S4,>
R l'('I IJ H1 1lt S
F'am1Ii .. s
R,•ci piPlll S
Casl's
flrnn1 n,udwrs
69
+9
' l\ ·n·1•ntagPs ha~t•d upon data lidon• round!IH! lu th1 · rwar, ..,., thou sand
:,,.:o F Pdl'ral agl•nrr project s Wt•rt· finranrPd h) t r:1nsfn 11f \\"I ' \ funds prior to 111)\ 1qJ"I .
8
9 prr<·rnt. Tn .Tun e I 03~. howr,·rr. th rrr " ·er e
2o prrccnt fe we r farm families rr<·r iving F'nrm
Scrmi ty Adminis t,ra tion grants t h an in ,Junr
193 , nnd th e number of fnmilie s rmd sing·le
person s r ece i,·ing genNal r elief had d eclined
by 5 percent.
Th e ra rly p:1rt o f th r l'.? - montli 1wriod <· 11<ling
in .Tunr 1~::rn wn s 1m1rk ed hy :1 ,;11hs ta nti:1I ri se
in \YPA r rnployment . a rise that \\'a, occn. io necl
by t he largr am ount of unemployment then
preYn lr n t. Thr en rl)' rxpnnsion , liowey r , \\'as
morr t han \17.prd out in th e la s t se ,·en month
of th r fi sc al yra r . Thrrr 1rns continu ed rxpn,nsion of' th e prog- rnms providing ,;pr cial types of
, ssi. tance nn d . durin g t lrnt JMrt of t h e )' enr
\\'h en sen,. onnl drm:111ds for r r lie f \\'ere grr:1trs t .
in t h r rtggreg:1te number of famili es and . ingle
per,;on s rl'c eiYing genrn1l rrlief. A11 add iti onal
ofl'srt ting influence, thou gh limi trd in its ignifif':111e·r , \\'a s present in thr rx p nndin!! prognims <·on duded under otl1 er agt' ll<"i c 0 1wrnt ing
work :rncl cons tructi n projrc-t s. Thi s \\·:1s n
rcYr rsn l of t,h e situ:1tion rxist in g in th r s ummer
of 19:3R wh en tl, rrr h :,cl hrrn :1 1·t, J:1 tiY el)r lnrge
tran s fr r of \\'orkers from Feder:1 I :igency proj ec ts
to the \\' P.\..
Major Changes in the Number of
Households and Persons Benefited,
1933- 1939
2
.\n analy s is of th r trrnds in thr number of
hou sr hold s nnd of person s henrfi tin g th mugh
th r Frdrrnl e mpl o)·ment nnd r r lirf pro gram
durin g t hr 193:3 3~ peri od mu s t rreognize the
rdorn111 l:1 tion of respon s ibiliti es t h:lt occ uned
in 1~:1,i . Outs tandin g amo ng t he chan ge
brou g ht ahout :,t t hat tim e \\·n the initi :1t ion
of th e \\' PA progrnm and th e continuation or
in nug 11 r:1tion or nll ircl progrnrn s t h l'ough 1,·hi ch
th e Frdrrnl G0Yernmr 11 t f!cce pt ed primary
r r . pons ihilit)· for mee tin g the prnhlrrn c reat cl
h)· urn'mplo)·m r nt. l'ntil t h e lntt er p :11' t f
I 93.5 t hr gr nr r:1 I r eli f' f prng rnrn conduct ed
1111drr t hr Frdrr:11 E nw rgr nc)· H r li e f Administrnt ion ,1·as th e ch ief form of aid , except
cl11rin g :1 fr ,1· month s in th r \\·intrr of 193:3- 34
when t he CiYil \\' orks Adrnini st rat1on progra m
,,·a in oprra tion . In the la tter part of 1935
emph as is s hifted to t h e pnwi s ion o f \\'Ork for
clifl'rrr11t group of emplo_n1.b le prrso ns und er
1 E st1m u1,•d 11nd11pli1•,lt pd total:-- nf 111111 ... ehold" and pPrson ~ herwfitert
are s hm, n h\ mon1 hs in l'a h\e-.; :itL\ and ,1H H on piwr s l:l2 10 1:Jfi.
FEDERAL PROJECT
the programs of the 11PA, IY.A , P\YA , a nd
oth er Federal agencies. Another feature of
th 1935 r eformulation of r espo ns ibiliti es wa s
th initiation of a broa I program of soc ia l
ecurity , one phase o f which i11 YolYed Federal
participation in the spec ial as i tance programs .
.\.fter 1935 ge nera l r r licf as t he res id w1 l
progn1m b ecam e a res po 11 s ibilit_v of s t:1tes and
loca li ties.
The 1933- 35 Period
Th e ?ears l9:L-:B marked t li r brgi1111ing
f actua l F ed eral part ic ipa t ion in proYid i ngassi tance and ,rnrk for n eedy prrsons. In
.\.:;--rn
131
PUBL I C RELIEF
gene)· H elief Aclminis trntion was in:rn g urnt cl.
Thi program ,1c·co1mted for th e large. t share
of tbe h ou eh old . a nd persons recei,· in g relief
nnd public employme nt benefit s during mo t
of tbe renrninder of 193~ - Tliro ugh t hi prog nnn
genera l re lid actiYities w er e corn! uctecl by
s tates and loc,1 lities wi t h FERA fin,rnci,tl
nssis L:inre .
Other form s of work a nd :l s is tan('e , alth ug h
sig nifi.<·ant , were of limit ed impor ta n ('e in terms
of the num h ers of ben e fi c-inrie.. . Among th
µro g rnm in whi('h the F ed eral GoYermnen t
too k part w er e the em e rge n<·)• work artiYities
of t h e newly cr ented C iv ili an
o n erYation
Corps (tben known offi cially a Emergen cy
Co nservation W ork ) a nd Federal Em rgen('y
.Adminis tration of Public \York (P\YA ) , and
th e r eg ular ,vork of es tabli s hed Federal age n cies.
State a nd local go ,·e rnm e nts , in add i t ion, cont inued to give assis t.rnce to th e aged , d epend ent
c-liildr n, and t he blind , a n d to the variou
fomilies a.ncl sin gle p e rsons who b a d been
o btaining po or r el id ; these ,ve re form of a id no t
s up ersed ed by th e Federal m eas ures initicite l
in 193:3.
Th e work a nd relief program s ,,-er e expa nd ed
in late I \:l:33 and in J 9:H to a level m or e nearly
<·omm en urnte with t he n eeds th at exi. tecl during t he depre sion yearn . Th e totals of OYer
,000,000 househ old s a n I 2 ,000,000 person
preceding years
ucb Federal co ns truction
actiYitie a w er e carri ed on t h ro11gli tise o f
r g ulnr ap propriati on s liad !wen c-ornpa r,1ti Yrl)·
limite l in scope. Nor were t he r,1 rli er act iYiti s lirected to\\·arcl m eeti n g t,Jw unemplo)·m nt problems w h i h durin g t he d epress io n
had rap i lly outgrown s tnte nnd local bounds
and h ad soon OYertaxed th e ir cap acit ies.
Th e tran ition to F ed eral part,ici patiP11 w,1s
begun in 19. 2 th rough th e pa. snge of leg is la lion
pr "icl ing for Iis tr ibu tion of Federall)·-0\rnrd
co tton and g rnin an l of th e Em r ge nc-~' R e li e f
and Con tru ction Act. Th ese mea s ures, howeY r , wer e not eworthy m r e fo r the c h:rnge the~·
introduced than for th e ext nt of participation
th ey invok ed. Tlirough the
CHART 8
Emergency R elief and ConHOUSEHOLDS AND PERSONS BENEFITING
truction Act th e R econstrucFROM EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK AND
tion Finance Corporation " ·ns
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND PUBLIC RELIEF
auth orized to make r ela tiYcl)·
January 1933 - June 1 9 39
MILLIONS
MILLI ONS
. mall advances to state nnd OF
OF HOUSE HOLOS
PERSO NS
30
loans to municip,11ities for un ernploymen t r lid pmp ose ,t t
th e am
time th at i t \\·ns 2 5
/ PERSO NS
I
nu t horize l to mak e loans for
8
·elf-liq uicln tLn g project of pri- 2 0
n1 te conre rn . . The act also
6
mncle ani ilable a relatiYel_,- 15 ,,
I \
limited .1m un t of emergenc·y
fund for pu bli w ork of tll('
4
J;' deral GoYernment.
Par tici p.ition i.n me ting tJi,,
unemployment problem on :1
n'n Ii ti sea l wa ini tin tecl i11
~
1938
HJ:3:3 w hen the gra n t-in-a id
1937
1939
1936
1935
193 4
1933
pr ogrn m o f th e F ed ernl Erner-
. . l.. . .
/
I::
I
]
J:
132
REl'OH'I' ON l'J:o (: JlESS OF 'J'Hl~ WJ'A PHO<.:R AM
to inl' lude a broad work proj d progr am
wit l1in ils S('Oj)C.
Dming t he r ema ind er o f th e F l~RA period
t h tot:1 1 numb ers o f ho usehold s nnd of persons
be nefi tin g from t he . en rnl reli ef and pub lic
employ men t progrnm movr d grnern ll y downw:1nl wit h o nl y temporary int err upt io ns. From
a low po in t of .5,, 00,000 hou ehold s includin g
2 1,200 ,000 perso ns in .Jun e l \:J:H , t he total
numbers in f' ren se d mod erntel)' in the s ummer
of Hl3-1 ns n res ul t of in te nse dro ug h t ,rnd in t he
,,·int er of 19:3.,1 :35 be<·au se of seaso nal need sto 6,900,000 l1ou sehold s and 24 ,~00,000 perso n
in ,Janu a ry 1n::Vi. In th e , p rin g and s ummer
month s of 19:3 5 th e exp erted e,1 sona l declin es
whi r h wNr rr:w hrd in .fan11 :l r)· :rnd F r hru nry
HJ:3.,1 nnd li an' not c- in ,·e hl' <'n N111:ilrd wr re t he
out<'ome J,1ri.!'r l.v o f t he prng r:1m ('O nduded
und<' r t he C ivil \York s Adminis t r:1tion . This
was a li'rdrrn l prngrnm of projrd wn rk t hat wa s
bro,iJ r. ncd, fo r t he purpose of s tim11J ,1t in g rccovcry, t,o in <' l11d e m an)· person s who, th o ug h
unr.mployed, wNe not amon g t hose on t he
reli f ro ll s. A<'l'Ordin g to es tinrnt es :1 bout lrn lf
of t he 4,:rno ,ooo C''IL\. empl o)' ee,- in .Janu nry
Hl:3..J. we re nonreli cf ,,·o rkers. Th e C \\'A prog rnm wa s disf'ontinu ed in .\pril and repl:wed in
pnrt by nn expnnded FER .\ prog r,1rn whif' h,
a fte r hein g suhs tantial l)· limit ed to dirrd rr li cf
ad iv iti rs d11 rin g the C' IYA pNiod , ,,·:1 s r nlarged
l•'. ,1PLOY\IENT ON FEDEll \ L \V nHJ.. 1Nn ('ONSTRP<'TJON P1,on~CT8 .\ND H~~CJPIE'ITH OF
BY PROGR,\\IS A
l\ l O'i'f lll '
J\
Ntl \l{)
1933
P UB LI C
REL IEI<',
Tl) JJEf'~\lllE H 19:l!i
(.In thou san ds)
<>tlw r FPck ral
\\'ork
( ' on strUC't ion
:i nd
J•roji 'l' I S
l"uhlir \\· nrks
.\ dministr·Hion
rnd111 ·1l('a ted Total
\ \ ork s
Yea r ancl \J onlh
i', •rson s
ll <HI St'-
4. (if; f,
-1 . HO"'
5. ,'l:?fi
______ _
. --·-·---·______ _
_______
\l a rch
il
.\pr
I
S, fi-t f.
o. 10:l
J\ l ay .... ........ . .. .
.Tun r ___ ____ ____ __ __ _
~••11tPrnl1<• r
4 . , ... ;
-1 , fi2!--.
-t , 2Ht,
I.._, l"'ti
Ii. "'-ti
lti, 21.~
() (' fO) lt'f
-t . :J.~fi
lfi, t3\
X o , ·pml,l'r
D1 •r1 ml wr _
,1.fi l.._
211. ; :is
7. 2:\0
2fi, fi73
............ ..
1
----········-:lhrr·h
__ _____ _
.\pril ____
r.. 1:i,;
~.xw,
,).... 1:-
!\ l ay ...... ... ..... .
J unc ____ _____ ___ ___ _
J ul y ----···-----August. . --- ___ _
Se ptPmher . ____ _
OrtnhPr
January _/9.'//j
Frhr11ar y
l\farr·h
April
_____ _
__
I
--•·-•------l\f ay _______
_____ ____ _
Junp
Repli•mher
Oetohn
Nov11mht1r
D l'C'l•mhr r _
__
22, IIOA
fl. 2... :~
:!2, Ill
:ri t•
22, ,Hl
fi . 41~-t
r.. ,_., ,. I
fi, .......~
_________ _
_
Jul y
Au gus t ___ __
:? I. li!I
2:l.
131
2 1.WI
9
2,'l
9ti
111
1211
I2.,
124
I
107
21. , :1.,
!14
;,
21 , fi72
2 1, lfti;
'3
21 Ofi !--.
2:t fiHi
fi, HI-I
22, l.'l7
Ill
120
fl , I\O
21. \Ii
127
fi, Ii'.~
2 1. G2i
- ;!12 1
·'fi,'-i:lfi
1.,:1
211. 1100
n. n:-:3
211, I
l!I, fi04
20, \19~
21
91
24:l
211,
f B)
1
3
fi, :,.;.23
fi. 73S
:i, 73 1
R eg: u Jar
fund s
I ~10
7fi
fi , 2/iO
fi,
fund s
J(j\oi
I
r. . . -•.-.2
r.. , .. fi I
Nu v1•mlwr
D1•<'11mhrr ________ _
.\ id
1,: nwrgi,,> nl'y
221
2:li
21
23
21
:14
ol
!i. 'Hil
(.,i ,· 1l ian
C'nn s1~n n
I inn f"'o rl' .._
I 14
".01!1
I. 2n,
i\'Y .\
Stw l l' □ l
1.52
,.1111
___ _
FPhr11nr y
Ft•dna l
proji'ct s
proj1 •rt s
1!114
Ja nuary
~Oil ·
FPdt·ral
I~. 07fi
Hl,O~O
21, ,"1:W
21. tl"'fi
20, UfiH
l!I, I~.;
...\ 11 g11 sL _________ _
Prc ,e: rnn •
1ri1tion
in
·'- 11:12
July
Ci\' 1! \\"or k"
1lws1• t1<u1 ~1' •
ho l Is
h old s
Jan uary
F't>lirua r y
l'fO l! ft ':0-:--
\d rni n i,.
!Oil
2211
3i I
70S
J.i
2, fif,7
I. .
- - -- - A 8r,· n nt PS nn pnc ,•s 1,50-·.52 for d esrripti nn of dat a inc:ludL•1I.
D l.f'ss t h:ln fiOO Jw rsoos.
115
12,
1n
110
9~
5
13
I ~t2
22:{
239
221i
2:?fi
22~
2~-1
3Rll
I. ,i,3 2
3. fl!)(
~.5 1
1.10.0
2:l
HR
( B)
22-t
I
16,
144
l tl!--.
200
244
2fi9
2.,3
210
109
1i2
'IJ
2"ti
4,1
29;
290
fifi
I. 31I
3,
2. t;OH
( B)
2,,
27 I
222
lfii
1·n
Iii-,
411
31,
30(1
2H I
2Xfi
1"'0
2!13
:lfi
19
19
19
IH
Ii
17
I~
1;
14
12
12
12
1:l
13
14
18
39
6
13i
1:rn
1~:l
tofi
2\R
:\2
26,
1i,
2.1fi
44
42
41
44
12
44 -- -----42
39 --- --------
2\l l
28 1
31fi
35;
3:lO
35(1
3.52
330
34
31
32
38
42
14
46
49
.5~
74
35,
3 17
3011
2!l3
33,
351
401
481
48:l
459
480
77
68
:i.,
IR•l
n1
2~3
4.5H ,
FE IH ~H.\L
T h rou gh ot lt rr prngra ms t hat wrrr oprn1ti\·r
du,.ing t hr tl1l'N'-)·eal' p r l'i od r ndin g in I !-):~.5,
puhl i<" emplo)rmen t wa pro\·id r d und er t he
CC'C, P\L\., and ot her li'r d r rn l agr ncies a nd
sp ec ial t)' prs of ass is ta rwr a nd poor r elief
tlirou g h s l,ate :rnd lo(':1 1 agr nc1cs .
in co mhin :1t ion " -ith t he [H' nrrn ll _v dmnnnird
t rr nd rrs ult ed in large l'edud io ns. B)' Non'mbel' of thnt )'ear t he numbe l's o f diffr ,.r nt how, hold s a nd perso ns aid ed t hrou !!; h t hr ,.r Ji rf :rnd
ernpl o)' mr nt pl'ogrnrn , had cl ropprd to .5,700,000
nnd 19,000 ,000 l'e pcdi vel)·.
Th r fi' 8RA prog ,.nrn gavr <' hi d r mph:1 sis to
i ts g-rnrr:1 1 rrlie f :1ct iviti e. undN wl1i (' h botl1
work :rnd dil'rd l'elie f "·e ,.e cx trnded, t hr fo,.mrl'
onlin :1 l'il y H('('O unting for n li ttl r less t l11111 l1 :1 lf
of totn l r e<"ipi ent . Sp (' inl prog l':1m s to t:1kr
r are of sprcific· group. of pr l'so ns " ·r ,·r ,il so
deY(' loped ; under the r'ERA t hrsr prog rn ms
indud r d tran s ien t r li e f, r mrrgC' nc·)' C' cl1w:1tion ,
('o ll rgr s tude nt aid , nnd rnrnl n' lt :1h ilil :1tio n .
T AB l,E .'i!iA .
Spt><·rnl T) pes of Puhlic
\ ssistante
Federa l Emer~C'nt) Hel1d \drn inistra tion
[_
'l'rnns1en t l~ml'fgency
lh'lief
-
IO!i
JOI
W!i
ro.
123
12:i
ro,
210
10,
2fl3
27 1
IO,
] 2)-'.:
130
1:1 1
II I
II.>
ltd
161
'2,)fi
10,
302
31I
32fi
317
3.,9
1ro
J 10
)10
112
I13
~(1 1:-,77
24
25
24
2.>
33
34
33
:l3
3.1
34
35
111-
-
111
~ft
tal ion
Year and !\ I nnth
trnt ion
Clrnnts
re',~g 1
/9,jS
~4 ----------67 ---------- ------- ..
R4 -------- --- -- --- ---- - --- -- --- --
7...,,..,
:t
1.,:1
:1.w:1
!10
'2. 9fl'2
102
171
l~I
If/0
17fi
175
191
WO
!99
192
207
22 1
2:JO
17fi
:;, "70
:l,O!l:l
:!. titl:J
I. :rn3
I. :;r;J
I . :!flli
I, a.rill
I. .77."'t
2no
72
7fi
,3
,2
72
fl. 2711
.t 21()
79
i,
'2fi9
G7
I. fJHI
I, ~'21
,\()7"-,
:,. 17'2
2:'il
2.12
~-1
1)>-i
23...,
230
231
2-10
I 12
1.fil!I
:?II
2:l!\
01:l
t. ~1'2
l.!i:ll
1.:m1
I.WI
3, !llll
:t 7'2:\
:l, 11,:l
2. filr
!\ l ay.
Jun P.
July.
r,4
Ri
7f1
r71
lfij'
.\larch.
.\pril.
r,,
!1:3
:( !l:?7
:t 12:'\
Februa ry.
f.7
I. ,:1:;
I. ~I I
:i,
J:tllll;lf )
ti.5
I. Bi1>,
,\ Oil
1.i'.?
Iii
33
32
32
33
32
0
( ol: e,.,e
stl
~\<!nt
r.:;
'·I. 13:l
ICXI I
IHI
26
32
31
31
33
32
33
117
111
112
10\I
114
Ill
111
1:;5
173
2fi
29
edueation
relief
Se<'urit )
..\d111i11is-
- :
27
2G
27
107
IJO
11(1
:JSI
:J!l:l
371-,
24
11 0
20(i
125
25
IO'J
J10
111
Ill
JII
112
IOV
Il l
109
110
109
110
110
10!1
111
Ill
11 3
12.';
25
24
24
25
24
24
112
,onrel1e f
r 111ploylllC'nt
I
Fann
I,
Ernerge nc-y r ~
(':.1S('S
108
I13
Ifl
Ill
SpC'C'ia l Pro)!r:1 111s
Po,ff
relief
l{E1.1E1•,
thousands]
CTenernl He-l ief
Aid lo
the
blirnl
!Oil
Th e reformul at ion of rr spon sihili t)' wh i(' h
took plac e in I 9:3.5 g-,1\· l'C' <'()g r1i t io n to t he
diffr rr rwrs in th e types of wol' k and re li ef
nerds h)' t hr rst nhlis hm c nt o f ag-c rlC'irs to d ea l
spe(' if-ic-:i ll _Y " ·ith r :i('h of sr ,·r rnl pl1:1srs nf t lt r
problem . Fund s fo l' c-:J l'ry in g o n t it (• p l'ogr:1111 ;;;
J \ \"l ' AB.l 193:i TO DEC'EMrurn Hl35
[ In
10:i
The 1936- 39 Period
l•: ~1PLOY~1EX'l' ox F~: 1n : 1n 1. \\' 0 1tK IXIJ ('ON;<Tlll'<"l' IOX P1 w., i,;,--r,- 1'11) H E<· 1r11<;'1 T>' OF P 11fl 1.1 ,·
Con li1111 c d
P 11rn: 1, , ,1s A
H\
l oNTULY
llf>
116
I12
l HI
109
10,
Pl'HL I ' H,u; l, LE:F
l'H<>J E('TS .\ ;,.!)
IO I
13.1
lfii
IRl
201
244
27~
21-il
2fi~
2H,"-
21:1
2-tn
7'2
fifi
210
!i9
f,2
2"'""
2"1
2/,f
(B)
I
2
11
2S
:i~
33
2f,
17
g
:1 1
2.,
;)fl
2--W
32
2S
IY
Ii
8
.J nnwtr~
Fel )rttnry.
1\ f arc-h
April
( 11 )
:i2
l\ l ny
12
Jun r .
t:?
fiH
~Iii
10:!
IO:l
10.\
2113
r70
30
110
20
J 10
II
83
7
-· - - - - --
Iii
fili
fi l
40
12
14
I
2,m
1.934
I
100
IIMI
fi1'
~O\€'tllher.
l)rc·emher
:i ,
31
35
~
.\uv.u st
Sept em her.
<>c-tolwr
----------
(")
9
JO
14
·21
fl
~2
fi,7
..
I04
100
5''
10
Ill
I
July
\u gu:--1 .
~e ,ltemher.
<ktohn
XoH•rnht' r
IO
S2
r,g
l )et'e-mhPr
IR86
,,
J a11uar~
72
Ii:{
F'ehr11:1r~
~ I arrh
2111
:..>or,
201
.\I a~
J11n l'
lfii
.Jul y
\pr,[
10,
I.I
JO
:i
l
\u gu ... 1.
Rrpfl•mhPr.
r,
I
130
or1oher
N"o, rm lier
l)r•c·rmhrr
134
REPORT OJ\ l:'HOl:RE .
whi('h the F edC'ral GoYernment lhC'n und ertook w e re npprup ri atC'd h)· tlte Emergency
l{ C'li d ~'-pprnpriation ~'-et of J 93.5.
Th e \\' orks Progress .\ dmini ,; trntion wa
estn hlis hed " ·ith th e p rim:H)' object ive of proYid in g proj<'(' { w ork for n IMge s h n re of th
employn bl e hen d s of families whose neC'd for
r eli ef w,1 s OC'<'n sion ed by un empl o>·nwnt. The
('0 1igt ructi on work of the P\YA wns l'O ntinu ecl
,vi th nllo<'nlions of m oney from thC' EH.A Act
of 111:Vi th:1t w e re used <' hidh· for non - Fed eral
TABLE
56B .
E~IPLO Y~IEN T O N
OF THE WPA PROGRAM
Em er gen cy work was
c-on truction prnjed
al,;o 11nd e rlakPn by m a ny ol hN F ederal a;:,;eneies t hro ug h use of fund prnYid ed by th e J 935
EH.A Ad . Tl1 e number of yo uth s e111pl oyed
in C'l'C (·:imps was increased , and t he ,1tional
Y outh Admini s tration was estriblis hcd withi_n
t he vYPA to c-o ndu ct a prog ram of part-tim e
project work fo r you n g m e n and wom en no
longer in reg ular attendance at ch ool and a
s tud e nt nid program to assist hi gh - c·h ool,
('O]l ege, and graduat e tudent m rcma1n111 g m
\ND CoN STR l' f'TIOX PRO.JE(' T ,- _\. ND RE C IPI ENT,-\ OF
BY P RO<:R .I \I >, I
~' ~~DERAL \\' o Ri-.
P
BLI
RELIEF,
:'\l O'ZT II LY -J.\ NL\ RY 1931i TO J U .NE 1939
[In t hou sa nds)
l ' nrluplica ted T o tal
I
Ot h e r
\Y orks P roirress
Admini s tra t io n
F' C'de r a l
11-urk a nd Con-
Puhl iC' \\' ork s
A.dmini s trn t io n
s tru c ti o n
Proj-
N at 10 na l Youth
Adm inis trati o n
ects
Year a nd Month
II OUSC'-
hold s
\\' P _\PPrso ns in
thrsr ho use - o pe rated
projec ts
ho ld s
2, 8
Ja nu a ry
r,, 046
Frhruary
Ii. 179
Ii. t,.5
:l0.903
2 1. 33 1
'.! I. 2 19
3. 019
2. 960
,\%3
20, :l7i
2, 62fi
S, ii9fi
l !I, !Kl
2. 397
M arC' h
April
1\1
June
a,·
,~ ..11\1
5. ,14!\
Jul y _
August.
Septemhr r
Octohr r
.\ 47H
S, 7 1.1
5,%S
Non• mtw r
De('(' mhc r
6. 041
5. 98f,
I
I , . 172
, ~. ~ 19
t9. 1~7
19. 3!\ J
19. 0 .1.\
2, 24 fl
2. 332
I
No n -
Fr, !nal
projec ts
2. 4-19
2 .•14~
2 ..14fi
Em rj:!;rn c y
R gu lar
fund s
funds
S tu clent
a id
\\' or k
projec ts
21.\
li
79
163
181
178
I 4
2
fi3
165
162
167
,;
232
265
50
44
301\
74
7fi
81
28fi
3.1 1
49
3, 0
90
392
11 9
61
78
10!\
39
24 7
2 Hi
23 1
17!\
7,1
i i
fi4
.\R
49
39
147
3 (1
2H
200
2. 243
Fede ral
prnjt,cts
123
172
2 13
2 10
95
2, 2..~fi
" • IVJ!\
.\ .~1', 2
Othn Fed e ral agC' ncy
proJe<· ts
~
91\
41fi
40!\
38!\
3/i l
40.1
HO
33 1
156
162
165
159
302
Hl
411
3r,.[
341
166
399
172
178
J[',]7
Janu ary
F'r hru ary
.\ l a rch
Apnl
.\l ay
:i. 973
19, I.Iii
2, 127
24/'oi
11 9
;), 9.1~
oo,
l~. Si.1
2, 145
1311
27
207
I 13
f\,
fl, "',j'~
fi,fit)9
19. !KI,\
IS,31ili
2. 12.1
133
26
J]o
417
42i
440
2. 01:l
2. 0 1...,
143
27
30
130
442
192
I7. l52
:lOl
212
?22
154
175
424
I
21 9
173
l a-I
J11ne
:\, 3<;.,
l fl, flfitl
1. ~74
1:12
29
232
Jul y
\ u gus l
4.
,so
t I. ,Ji
l.62"
28
220
4, i~2
26
17h
Se pte mlw r
4, fi9fi
Ortoh r r
4. , 3,
4. 9\12
5. 33K
HI
13!\
120
107
91
'-l'ovpmhf' r
l)rrP m hC' r
11, 41),
I ..\09
5, 7il
Fe hruary
\J Mrh
fi, 0 1..~
Ii, -t i9
fi, .17h
\pr il
\J av
fi, fiR.1
Ju n(' ---- - --------·-·----- -- --
f\, f,8fi
J ul y
\u mst
fi, h3il
tl, 172
ti, \ 04
I , 0 7fi
/ , lli l
7. l :i~
~<•pt<•mhn
Octn l u• r
'-l'ovPm lw r
Decem ber
J a nu ar y _
Fe hru ar y
:\l a rr h
.\ p nl
it11~! __-_-_------- ----_ ------ ----- --- ---1
209
36
Jr,I\
20.\
']114
123
160
147
196
16.\
283
30 1
136
120
Ill
122
1.12
13,
310
146
130
32\)
l , ~0 1
2 00 1
2, 3 1\J
ll
2, :i3i..,
~
2. 63~
9
8
l!J, Ufi!'l
20 . 3.1/\
20, ii~4
20 , 7°-12
20, li°-1 1
3. 037
21, IHI
3. 120
3, Jll'.J
3, 23ll
3. f)fifi
:!I. Ifill
itfi'2
'2 1. "'iH2
2 1. i 4 I
2 1. 71f t
g
2, 9 12
'21.Wl
2 1,
9
2, (4 1
'
H
1,1(1
2 1, 710
20, \JkH
170
20. 23.\
19 , .1112
20!\
A Srr n ut(•S on Jmgt•~ J.10 52 for descriptio n of d a ta in c lud ed.
R Ll•ss than !'>tJO persons .
209
243
J.l:l
In
17
1s-..
341
34
3fi
3., I
:11
31
141
I-Sb
! Si
200
127
127
152
155
~f;
329 I
159
179
2 19
209
2
49
219
215
13
2311
2411
2 13
22.'1
364
219
221
'.!'20
230
13
199
372
240
10
rn,
9
1.5'
,_ I
.·i-·,
16
:11
24 1
3.5
1411
II I
133
um
Ii . .10!\
, ..... fi3f.
19 /1,
Jan u ary
ii
150
(0 )
21
18
l.\
l . 4!\4
I. 4o0
I . ,\ (II
1------ ·----1
192
24
13,\1"4
I I , lfi2
ll ,l,"',4
JS, 9fifi
I. .\94
194
205
185
I 9
322
382
180
31,JI
3~.1
2()G
372
161
239
~o
237
242
236
228
225
214
FEDERAL PHO.J EC'l'S _-\ .NU
m e nt , l.rnd 11 se, nnd rr lnted projrd s th at ht1d
b een s tart ed und er ot h e r age n ('ies.
Throu g h t h<' So(' ial Se(' urit)' "\.d t he Federnl
GoYernm e nt in I n:~: bc(' t1me a pa r ti(' ipant in
t h e s pecia l ass i ta n('r prng rnm s to ,tid tli e aged,
dep e nd e nt C" hildre n , n n d t l1 (' b lin d . 'vVit li t l1 <'
delineation of t he ri c ld s of Fr d e ral resp on sibility definitely indi ('nted in th e l~RA A('t of
193,5 a.nd t h e So('it1l Sel' 11rity Act , a r esidual
resp o nsibility wn s left to s tate ,rnd lo('al go,·e rnm ents. R espon s ibility fo r gc nernl relie f und er
. <' h ool. Th e NYA s tncle nt a id prog rn111 tli11 s
ini tiated bronc! ned t h e ea rli er s tudent :1id
nc·ti,,itics of th FE:RA ,vhic h were limit rd to
tud c nts. An o t he r FE l{ A adiYity ,
co ll ege
t hrough whic h grnnts w e re mad e to n red y
[,1rm fam ili s, w;1 s co ntin ued b,v th e R c,;ct tl em e n t Admini s trnt ion (lnter th e l~arm Sc(' urity
Adrn ini s trn t io n ) . Thi s ag cn('y also rn nti1111 cd
th e nrnkin g of lo an, to fo rm famili es to l1 elp
t hem in becoming elf-s upportin g and took oYcr
for further pro. ecution th Yari ou s rese ttl eT A BLE
56B
Ei1PLOYi\lE
13"
P UBLI C REL l EF
p
TON F EDERAL \\' onK UII) C o:-1S TRU (''l' I ON' P1W. I IX' T ,S IN'O H EC' ll ' I ENT>-, OF
RY Pn or:n .u 1,-, A
C'o 11ti111 1L'rl
BL[(' HELIE!",
[l n lhousa Ddsl
pecia l 'Types ol Puhh,· \ ss i:..tan{'e
Ve<.leral I,:111e r ~e11(·:
Re lief ~\_ti Ill in is tra•
lion Spe('ial Progrom s
Oeneral Relief
C idlian
Conser·
fl'a r111
SeC'uriL)
\ dn11nis-
,·a lion
Corps
Old-age
ass ista nce
Aid to dep nclent
children
.l ie! to the
bl ind
Non relief
Relier
T'ran.sient
re liel
employment
cases
l~merg-ent.)
ed ueation
Year and l\ l on t b
tration
nrants
1938
426
403
355
322
348
33(i
430
505
571
607
650
350
338
299
330
343
328
7
807
899
973
I. 035
1, 106
3511
345
30:l
303
301
I. 150
1. 200
I. 256
1. 296
473
123
132
132
144
149
156
37
41
43
42
43
44
158
42
43
44
44
45
45
148
HO
154
1.58
160
2Ti
1,327
I. 290
166
171
178
183
1 9
192
27ti
27R
233
263
29R
2 4
1,392
I, 432
1, 467
1,503
1,541
l , 577
196
203
209
21 5
220
228
285
278
262
2t32
2.57
24/i
I, 600
I. 623
I. 646
1. 662
I. 677
1,657
234
241
247
252
25fi
258
284
1, 707
1. 71fi
1,731
1. 74 6
I. 762
1, 776
260
26,5
2f,8
271
274
280
l, i92
1,804
1.818
1. 34
1, 5
1. 84.5
2.~
29fi
47
47
48
2. 216
2. 136
2,0 10
I, 827
I. 657
I. 5.,.;
3
3
1
1
I
I
1
I, 452
I. 434
I. 3b9
I. 396
1. 40/i
I. 510
1, fifi2
1. 72r,
(B)
(B)
(B)
( B)
( B)
(B)
( B)
(B)
15 1
139
172
(8)
( B)
(B)
108
10
9
9
9
9
( U)
( B)
( U)
(")
( D)
41
60
77
July.
BX
11
(")
93
13S
October
~ovemher.
Dec·emher.
10
(")
:n.,
6
(U)
6
( H)
( 8)
(D)
86
62
49
1, 6~-1
1, .,.;O
I, 3'<2
.10
I , 277
229
323
300
2lh
191
1. 2.57
54
·19
.10
·"
,;2
,;4
55
;'j(j
Janrrn ry.
F'ehruary.
.\l a rch .
April .
.\lay.
June.
39
27
23
15
13
11
1. 271
7~
fii
ii
83
109
I, 26.;
I, 270
I, 3f>S
I , '126
.\u ~ust .
Septem t,er.
/9.-,7
January .
Fehnrn ry.
.\ l a reh.
.\pril.
;\l ay.
Jun e .
Jul y.
.\ ugus1.
Septernher.
October .
Novemher.
Decemher.
193
290
26x
291
293
275
57
I, X9:J
,;g
1. 996
f;Q
I, !194
1, Xl.i
I. 696
I. f,48
60
f,2
62
lj3
64
65
fi5
fjf)
67
I
__ -_- ---1
I.fill'
I. .581
I. ,i2fi
1. 49fi
1. ,5 1,
1. r,3,
I
I -----·- ·-----
10~
119
12fi
lli
11 2
93
70
62
mi
7Y
,n
115
Jan uary.
F eb ru ar y.
i\farch .
April.
;\lay .
June.
Jul y.
.\ ueust.
Septemher.
October.
;'\on~mher.
Decemher.
1939
295
2tJli
259
28:i
292
266
67
(jj
29,
2%
300
311
I
fi7
fi"'-
r,,f-' I
I. 772
l, x-14
I. X51
I . 724
1, fi44
I ..ifi~
I •-------·--- - ---·---------- ·-
126
123
127
114
~i
69
Jan uary .
r ·hrua r y.
.\ l arch.
.\pril.
.\ l ay.
.lune.
130
REPORT ON PROGRE S OF THE WPA PROGRAM
these rirc·um s tanl'CS relates to the c·are of needy
J)('rso11 s nol niclccl, or in s uffieiently nicl ed ,
lhro11 g h o ther prog rnm . .
Th e unduplil':1kd tot:11 ::- of hou sehold s nnd
of pC' rsons rcc·ci,·in g relief and public cmplo)·mcnt aft er t he rdormu lntion effedecl late in
J\:J:'.3,5 nnd en rl~• in 103!:i s how no s ubs t:1nti.1l
break "'ith t hr cnrli<'r cl:1tn . Th e g en er:11 dO\vn,rnrd trend th:1t hnd begun two years pr<',·iou s ly conlinurd in 10:rn :rnd mos t of H):37 ,
rrflC'din g t he irnproYrment in bu s in r ss !'O nclitin ns. :\ I inor inl c rl'llptinn s in th e cl ow1111·arcl
111 0,·C'ment 111 :iy h<' ntt rihut cd to the g rr:1trr
seasonal nrC'd s for rr lief durin g 11·inter nwnlh s
:111d to th<' I 0:3n dro11 g-ht. .\ large part of thr
ciC'C'line wa s :1c·c·omp li s hrd t h rnu gh nrrtn ilm r nl
in t h<' 11urnhrr of \\' P.\ \\'orkrrs ancl . to :1 lr ss<' r
r xlrnl , throug lr r duction in th e nurnh l' r of
rP r ipirnt s of g"l' IH'r:il n' lid c·han g t>s for \\·hi!'h
there 1rn s only p:1 rt i,1I c·ornprns a tio ,1 i II t lw
rapidly expand ed old-age ass i tnnce program .
Th e harp depres ion b ginnin g in the erond
Im lf of l 937 re,·e rsed the do,1·n \\' :1 rd mo,· ement
in t h <' ,1gg reg:1te number of h ou. r holds and person s brnefiting under the Y,1riou s rrlief and public \\'ork progn1m . Bet"·cen September 1937
nnd If bruary l 939 the nurn her o f b ous r h o lcl
in r rr:1 sed from about 4,700 ,000 to 7,200 ,000 ,
n nd t h r number of perso ns from 14 ,000,000 to
2 1.800 ,000 . General r eli ef played an impor tant
p::rt in t h e ini t ial phn cs of t hi expa ns ion
l!C':c;pite t he limi ted cn pa r it.ies o f s tate an d loca l
g overnm ents to en lar ge t,h eir re lid c~7)en d i tu rr • .
Th e some\\·hat d cla~· ed incrcn sc in \\' PA rmploymrnt wa s cfrcc ti,-cl)T under wny in ,January
19;3~ :1 ncl re.1rhcd it s peak in t lw nutumn of t h.it
yc:11' . Throu gh out the prriocl t be prog rnms
pro,· icling s pecial types of pub lic n sis t.rnce to
mee t thr need s of t he aged . clrpcnclent e hilclrc n ,
:ind lh r blind also continued to exp:1nd.
CHART 9
PERSONS BENEFITING FROM EMPLOYMENT ON
FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PUBLIC RELIEF, BY PROGRAMS
January 1933 - June 1939
MILLIONS
OF PERSONS
MILLIONS
OF PERSONS
30
30
t
25
25
20
20
·i
15
15 >------i
GENERAL RELIEF
-
NYA
I
-- t - - - -111-+---
10 1------
ro
10
OT.NCR f t.DER.AL WORK :
CONS~UCTION
f
r
t
l
.,___
----·---t··----...,....---~-'--_
I
5
l
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
0
1939
WPA
3370
F ED E R A L PRO.JECTS AND P
Total Numbers of Pe rsons Benefited
BLI C RELIEF
M ovements in In de xes of Unemployment
and Pe rsons Benefited
Tr nd , in th e to tnl n tnnh e r o f person s be nefitin g from th e r elief a nd mpl oym ent programs
durin g th e 19:33 - 39 period clifl'er in one impor tant r e p ec t from th e tre nd s in ll1 e number of
hou chold s. 3 Th e co unt of pcr, ons ha s tend ed
to ri e m or e 10\d,V nncl to drop m or e sh nrply
th :rn t.he co unt of h o useh old s- :rn indic:1tinn
o f t h declin e in t he a vern ge number o f pe rsons
p r household . T o som e ex t nt t he cl ecre:i se in
th e numb r of p r sons in tli e aYe r:1 ge ho use hold
from ulm t four p er sons in I rn: to :1 bo u t three
in .J un c 1939 is n ttrih1.1ta bl e to t he in cr e,1secl
repre entation of sin gle- 1 er. on l1 ouseh old . An
import a nt fo ctor contribu t in g to thi s r es ul t ha
been the continued ex prrn sion of th e ohl -:1gc
assis t:rn ce progrnm throug h which su ccessiYel,V
large r numbe rs o f on e- :rnd two-perso n ho usrholcl s haYe bee n includ ed m th e aggreg:1 te
numb er of r ec ipi ents.
Th e progr am composition o f the to tals for
per . on s thrnu gliout the H)33 :30 pr riod is s l1 own
in Chart 9. For con siderntion o f th e rrl :1 ti vr
ize of th e differ ent programs us<' i, nrn clc of th e
progra m di s tribution of persons rath er t han o f
hou sr li olds because th e fonnC'I' is hr ttcr suit r d
to a portra~-al in hrna cl trrms of th r rcla ti vc
signifi can ce of ea h o f t br p rorT:1 m s. Th e d:1ta
for p erson s a Yoicl th e imJ licati011 of at tac hin g
e 1ual inq)o rtan ce to l1 01.1 seholcls h r nefi t in g from
u e program which \\·ould a ,·r r:1ge bet ween one
and two per sons per house hold :rnd households
br n efiting from an oth r r program whi ch mig ht
:71·r ra,..:r in exec s of four p Nson :,; per ho usc l1 old .
\\rh e th er th r ac tu al cla ta relat e t.o perso ns <> J' to
li ou. eh o ld s, however , a h a rt of t,hc prog rn rn
composi tiou of r elid a nd puhlic cmplo~nn ent
fi g ures cann o t sh ow th r rxnct importan ce o f t he
difl'rre nt program, heca use of t l1 e exis ten ce' of
som e dup lica tion betw ee n prog rams.' Tl1 c
problem f lupli cat ion bas been me t in C'k 1r t 9
by in c ludin g per ons in h o u, e ho lds \\·hich lwn efit ed from m ore th an on e p rog rnm in th at p rng- r:nn whicb occupi s t h lo,1·er p ositi on i11 t hr
chart.
a F'or mosl program s th e number
or perso ns henefltJn g \\ as not
reg ular ly
re ported ; in such cases ~t1rnates "e re prepared 111 a(·c·ordn 111 ·1· \\ 1th 111form a t1 on derh·ed from s pecial studi es of the \\' P.\ and the 1>1\1 ~1011 or
Public A ssislAn<:e Research of the ~oc 1al Sc('urity Ooa rd
~ The natu re of !ht~ d 11 plic-a1ion is discussed in th e not s lu 1he tables
a ppearing on page 150.
A mnrkecl degree o f con e. pond en ce h as brrn
presen t betwee n trends in rs timat ed unemplo)rm ent and in th e tot al numhCJ' of p r r. on s bc11efitin g- tb rn ugh the relief :rnd empl o?m en t p rng ra ms. This ma,v he seen in C' li ar t l 0 w hi ch
eq1.1:1 tcs at 100 percent in th r .ful ,v 1934 ,fo n~
193.5 b asr p r riod th e trn r mpl oyment es tim:1 trs
prep ared for th e C ommittee on E:eon ornic Sr(' uri ty und th e co1.111t o f persons hr n rfitin g- frn m t he
seYera l prngrams . Th e ch:1 rt indientes t hat th e
d owrnrn nl m o,·e mr nts o f th r ind rxrs [m m ·193 <±
to t he middl e o f I 0:37 wr rr ,ni hst:rntinll)' rqu i,-nlent ; in l \:J3 L ancl 1930. lio1vcY N , t he pa rlicul:ir
measure of un cmpl o?mr 11 t u sr d in th e ch ar t w as
dea rly a boYc th r nw :1s urr o f reli ef arnl p uhlic
rmploym en t. Tli e )"C':1 1' :rnd :1 li nlf' precr din g
th e l 9;34 3.5 bnse p r riod :tppca rs as n fonnn ti Ye
s tage- durin g rnos l of l 0:3: the reli ef :7 11(1 cm ploy men t programs ha d n o t yr t ass1.1rned th r
brea dth t.hut th e,v ,1·r rr late r to d evelop nnd i11
the winter of l 033 :34 t hr C \YA program raise d
t he scale of nct i,·iti es to a leve l n ot sin ce attained.
C h aracteris tic se asonal chan grs ar e fo und in
t he unemp loym e nt ind ex u nd th ese are gcnernll)'
par all eled b)- co mp arn hie flu c tuations in th e
number of perso ns bern,fi ting tllld cr th e relief
nnd publi c empl o.v111e 11 t prng r:\ m s al th ou g-h t hr
influ ence of drou g h ts int rod uce d c·on trn seasorn1l
ch unges in t he la tt e r serirs i11 I 0:3,1- un cl l \:J3fi .
;-los t in ter estin g from llU\11)' 1·irw poi11 ts , h owever , ure th e two )' Ca rs e11di11g in .Jun e Hl3\:J. lt
is notewo rth y that t l1 c a d_j1.1 s tmr11t iii t he sc p c
of th e combin ed prog rnms to th e r eversa l in
employm en t condi tion s w n:,; :,; Jow i11 gett i11 g
1.1n der wa~r and w:1s 110 t g rl':1t en ou gh in mag11it1.1de b,v tl1 e w in ter o f I !J:~x :3u to b ring the relief
and pu blic cmpl o)·nwn t i11<ll'x in to lin e wi th th e
irn lex of tmcmpl o)' llH' JIt.
A ny ,rnalysis o f t h e s1111il:1 rit.ies in t h e moveme nt of t.he un<'m ployme n t a nd p e rsons ind exes m us t recog ni ze t he <'lr mcn t of in comp:t rnbili ty tlrnt is i11 t rodt1< '<'d by t h e mcl1.1 sio11
in th e la t.ter scri e:,; o f pt' r:,;0 11s wh ose n eed i
att ri b u tabl e to llllt' mpl oy,1bili ty rnth r t l1 ,1n
to un employ mert t. Exclu s io n of uc h per, ons
he1ore ·ornp:uiso n i rn :vl c wi th t he un e 111 ploy me n t seri es, :1lth o ugh le:-- irnhle, is diflic ul t
13
HEPOR'I' O :\' P IWGRE ' ' CH' T I I E ·wPA PROGRAM
CHART 10
of . upport . ince in .Tanuary
l n:~ H unPmp loyrn cnt compC'n sat ion paynwnt wrrr b eg un
in :21 . tates and thl' Dist ri ct. of
Janu ary 1933 • June 1939
Co lumbi a . (.\ prng rnm wa.
in 01w r:1tion in \Yi sconsin pri o r
130
130
to .fonuary l \:l3i- nncl nil hut
12 0
12 0
two of tl1C' r r ma inin!!.· c: tatr.
h:, d initiate<[ paym!'nt o f un 110
110
<·mp loymen t com p r nsation h~r
100
.r1111 r 10:30. ) Th e pfl'ed of
,,,,
90
this program has lwP n limi trd ,
, \
90
, ,--'
I
I
r
I
I
li owrYcr , partly as a r esult (If
I
I
I
,- - \
80 /
I
tlH' rdatiw ly shor t duration
70
o f t hr period durin g which
lwnl'fits can hr pil id (sdd om
60
in <'XCe'is of l 6 11·prks ) a nd
50
1939
1938
pn rtl_\' brc:1usp of ot lwr fa cto rs
1937
1936
1935
1934
1933
s uch as t hr lt>ng-rlt of th!' intpr=
v:tl during 11·hi cl1 wn g<' crr dits
lrnd a ·uu rd nnd tl1(' exis te nc(•
t<•<"li11ic:1I
the
of
b0c:lllse
t
11
s of acti,·1t~· thnt are not
e
·ld
fi(
of a(·<·o1nplish1n
of irnport:int
t
firs
l1l'
t
ringdu
·
,
rl.
at ion plan s . n · ith the exd:1
n.
r
ti('1
r
mp
pn
eo
.
h_Y
rising
:i
\'NPd
l'll
prnbl<' 111s
in
r
o
frt'CL
r
Till'
s exprdi rnt s upon 11·hi c h
.
riou
riod
v,1
w
1
he
t
:rn
of
rn:3
I
ion
l
1·
l1
L
hnus
11:ilf of
i11di
be pb red , t he un emos
tl1
ns
trmpor:nily
perso
or
(·mild
count
rl'li:111n'
0
li
t
in
du din g
plo_1·ed turned to t hP reli r f and public C' mp lo~· Yid11 :il s 11'110 1H'n' :ii<kd IH'<":lU SC' of 1111t'111pln_1·n1 e11t prng rnm s for nss is tance.
ahili t_y is to innt•:tsl' t.11<' :1 hsnl11t,C' tota ls for Lil l'
sN i<'s tl1ro1 w:hou t, to n'il<'d t li r I \J:3(i :rn exp,rn sion in tl1f' prog r:t1n s pro1·idi11 g- SJW(' i:11 typ<'S
Recent Changes under
of :1 ssis l:1ll<"<' , :1 11d to lirnit t. li <' l'l'i:l!i1·t' 111:1 g-11i the Various Programs
t,11d t' or LlH' S('; JS<lll :il f111d,11 :1 t.io11 s i11 tl1e st•ri('S.
A 1111111lwr of f:1ct.ors tt•11d to c:1 11 sp t,li l' Ing-.
Th <' fol l,\11·in g s 11 m m:ui es of t.h r rt'lief ii 11 d
s11C' l1 :ls O('l'JIITC'd i11 1\):37 :111d 19:~~- in tl1 <• re:1<· 1•111plo_1·111 P11t prog rnm s are limit ed to n brief
t.ion of th r r0li d and p11h!i<" p111p lo_1•111 p1ll prn rt•1·i(' 11 of t l1e ge 11 r r:1l ch:1rn cter of r:1r l1 of t l,r
g r:1m s to i11nr:1 ses in 111H•111ployn1e1ll . Tl1 ere
prng-r:1111 :,; :ind t he m ajo r cl1:111 gr s t hn t li.1YC'
n.re , 011 t l1 P 011e h :111d . tliost• l:1do rs 11'! 1icl1 cl t' l:1~·
l:1kP11 pL1cr during- rece nt _1·e,ns. (Ju:rntit:1!li e pro1·isio11 llf ass is(:111n• 011 :1 hrnadf'r ,-w:il<•.
t.i1·c ,lSIH'('Ls of t he di scussio n in C':1r l1 i11 st:1 11 c('
:\l 1•11Lin11 sl1 01 ild ht• 11111dt• of lirnit:1t,io11 s 011 :1.1·:1i l:ire i11 tt•rn 1s nf t.l1 r rec ipi ent dnt:1 rt•po rt ed for
:1l,lc f1111d s and t,h r ti nw n•q11ired lo 111:1k(' :1dt l1 (' p:1rti<"1il:1r prog rnrn , 11·ithrn1t rpfrrene0 to
ditio11:il f1111d s :11·:1il:1 hie ; :111nt l1rr fnct.or :1 ri -;t•,!li e l'xL<'11t o l d up li cation t.h:1t mn_,· occu r lw frn1n tl11• ti 111 r IH'C'<i<'d lo pfrc,d t.l,e IH'<'""":1r_1t.11 l'l' Jl prng-ram s. T h e b:1 sic d:1 ta :1 rr proY id ecl
ndmi11i st r:1li1 C' :111 d pnH·rd 11r:1 I :1clj11 s(111t•1J( ,; _
in T :i hl es .'i(iA . .')(i B , nnd .'ii' . Ll1e first !Im of
:\l ore i111pol'!:111( i11 somr l'PSJH'<"Ls is t li r infl1111·lii,·li sli o11· the 11umber of rr(' ipi e11ts und e r
r 11 cr 11lii, ·l1 ori g-i11:1t.e,- 11itli tht' 11orkers 11lio
l':i<" li prog- rnn1 fro m t. he hq.!:i1u1i11 g- of rn:3:~
li:1v e los t (,l1 <'ir jobs i11 pri1·:il<• ind11 ,; tr_v .
t li l'l)11g l1 .f11m' 10:rn , and t l1e tl1inl . t he n11mbr r
::'1 1:rny of tlH' 11 e11 ly 1111p111ployed pprsons :1re
Ii _,. -; tnlt•s :111<1 by progm ms in .June 1039.
able to s upport thern sph PS :111d t heir fa 111 ili 1's
for n1ryi11 g- pNiod ,; of t i111 !' throu gh use of t l1 !'i r
Works Progress Administration
s11 Yi11 g-,-; :111d n'sort to 0Ll 1N te111porn r_v <'-" lll'Tl1(' pJ'()gJ':llll or tl1 \ YPA 1111 ,; h('('n 0f 011 tdil'11 ts. L' 11<•111ploynw11t (•,0 111pP11s:1Lin11 h(•11rs l:111<l i11 g ,-; ig·11ific:1 11 c-P in rece nt ~·e:t1·s :1111u11g the
fit s 11 :11 <' n•1·1•11Ll _1 pnll·idl•d :111 :1dditio11:1I 111e1111s
INDEXES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND PERSONS BENEFITING
FROM EM P LOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK AND
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND PUBLIC RELIEF •
__
_'_l,_, 1----+-----1:
• Julv 1934 - June 1935
100
PHO.J l~C'l'S AND
FEDEH .\L
I :rn
l'UBLfC REL TE: lc
\ND C'ONSTl1P( "TION P1w.rn TS AND RE
T1RLE .57 . - 1•: ~I Pl, OHIE NT O'\ F~; n~; l(IL \\" 0 1m
BY ,TIT~J;; l ' D HY Pt tO<: lt\\ l S A
\\"ork s Progn •s~
\d mi11is l mt ion
Stat
\l'P.\ -
opf'ra trd
Jffojects
(e mploy -
res)
Llnit rl St at es
ronnerti ruL
!)1~lawa r(' __ _
Di s tr ic t of C'olumbia
____________ _
Idaho
Tllin ois _______________ _
____________ _
______ ···-··
\fon tana
plovers)
proJtic•ts
0
(e mploy-
213, fi9 1
23. 230
3, 1;,7
I , 770
3 11
7. 972
10. 4i fi
2. 3!i,\
1. C37
s. 71 ,
198,914
7R. 121
2R. 37fi
27. 7Rf.
I, 727
2.070
2. R7H
2. 23~1
;03
;1,
122.-W•I
_______________ _
2-.i..
2. 2 12
2. 2fi3
I , 33q
I. 9.\R
1. 207
!i2, 932
N"f'hrao;;;ka __
39,022
3, f>R I
14 . ,!Rf.
:\"(''' :\frxiro __
24, 98,\
I. RIR
7. 9, 7
7A, 2 s
JO, !'ii i
1. 2R!i
__ _
201. ~122
'\'nrth \:u olina
41. 397
12, 32.\
202. 707
.,2. fi~4
" · 122
Nr,·r11la ___ _
fl ainpshire
r ('\\
Ne,, Jersry
~r" Y,1 rk
'\'orl h D akota
Ohio .
Oklahoma
_ __
Orreo n __
P rnnsy l vania __
I hor! e Tshnd _____ _
~outh Carolina __ ______ _
F:nnth D akota _______ _
TPllll('S,;:.('('_ --
------
-
_ ____________ _
;,3,r.
2, 23 1
I , 3 13
133
,\49
I. fi;)2
2. 1"2
I. ,\Oi
I. RO I
I. 33f.
I ."., .,o~
I , 2. 240
2. 17!"1
13. 11 2
4, lfi,\
q_ mr,
2,301
2, 2fi0
In4
fifil
I. -t7fi
3,203
7. I7fi
2. 3R2
J, llll
r,30
fln9
Ii , 4.,9
12, i119
4, K,9
17, ,1fifi
2. -~32
4, IOI
.1. R07
4, ,120
11. !i l8
!i, 3s.,
2, 9-13
fi,'lfl
!i, ,\;o
.,, (I f,
,\ 074
I.
11,472
9, 9;3
7. 711
ID. :i2fi
13,23 1
~. iii
I I. ;;4q
11. 429
fi, 983
7. :i 13
122
I. 324
I . 144
4, I-I f>
- · 940
9, 13;
7. f>R3
4, 33,\
,\, I!i,,
4,849
1. 3,,1
I
7, 7I!i
3, .,; 3
2, 237
I , 23 1
'.{!), ;i~2
22. l.'-.7
-1 , ;,,
1 t.07
R, 321
s. 7 1Q
33 40/,
l. r,49
17, 4!il
I. SM
13. 7 12
3R. 7;1
13 9-11
I. ,in
I. IS4
q_ f,3(1
I , r,s,,
12
2, '.!~2
7, 700
II , '.'71
.\ .,n.1
IO. 303
4, fiA4
I, (i~ )
H3.ti
2, 249()
I. 721
19, 227
l !i4
14!i,, r,;o
I
1.22',
%1
070
217
!i, 933
f,IIJ
C 2, 100
!10:!
c 7, .,no
292
r 7. 700
!Ril. fl8 4
,lfj';'
l fi, 721
2. -171
1. 3fifl
1. o, 7
4.\, 933
w,
27. 202
18, r,33
3, 3 1X
C .I, 11IO
4Sfi
7, 709
717
~t!
2,390
l),tfi
f,f, , 3q 1
7, fi.1fi
19, ;r,4
7ft, 89fi
12, 177
1n. 1,;
C
42, lfi!i
l . fi!\3
13, fl7 3
fi, J.\2
I 10. 22~1
36, 120
2,923
32 ..,~o
., . 119
IO, S%
I JH. 27fi
10, ,;;-;
''.,?(I ~
fi7, 7J ,;
lfi. ~:i3
19, ~2.,
I .1;
' · 0-.:1
:?.
3r,
1.1 14
7fl7
Ii i. Qi4
40:J
,1.1
37. 7,;;,7
2fi
802
.')(i~
1,01 3
3, 3,,:1
3, fi!i.,
36, f,ii{I
3, I.I I
1,13
5, l o !
4,906
, 4 l fi
3, fl.19
317
fi27
2nl
I
Hi
;, 559
63, 117
r.nt I
134
13.1
in,x;o
Ill, 13 1
6:iR
·I. 93 1
3, Q,\7
Q,
~19
I , 24 1
C l fifi
R. fi3.1
C
.,.10
,\
;, ,\59
22
61, 900
2, 192
2. fiS7
27,5, 17~
I.HM
.', Q32
4, r. 13
89, 9.",S
12:?
3,933
2. 091
•tit
3-17
!iO.\
8, 4 I:,
fi ll
C If,, .\00
L .; q
, 77.1
l2,,
32n
I , 24:i
2, i24
I , fl33
12,02 1
I. "-14
l'l. 8 13
13, 4.,9
~2. ()flfi
I , ,\ JO
:i ..\~f,
I, S3!i
\17fl
4, Sn3
2. (133
fi, ~34
'.N, fl~ .;
I, 7,\ 1
2R lli2
I 1411
I, ifiH
l !i, 103
I , "'4)9
1,0'4
11 ,209
3. 22n
" 13
3, r,9n
fi, -13ti
1-1 ,fl I
I . 0 11:)
121
.1. nns
21, 20fi
11'-, 0 1;
20n
160
,\, 1120
r. Rl17
13. 722
q_ .1HO
11 9
3, 190
ti-I
l.(lll
1-!il
~- 702
f,>,
:l, . ,o,
.1. 1nr,
99!1
2011
1, , JfiR
4fi , 1Rfi
3,2111
7. l fi2
Q[II
11. 42fl
I , 97H
l !ifi
n 12, fi60
I I , 13;
HH fi
I. 465
i. n.in
I. !i31
,\!i ll
S. R3R
4, , r,3
I,()H
3 12
2. n.1 1
:,. 1\1.,, I
7, 20:i
·l.1 111
R. 2:ifl
CH. fi23
~t S:! I
4 , 132
fl, 319
,,291
!i, ,1011
l 190
fi03
,\8,\
.,9
13. fiflfl
1'2. 2fi~
c.:;o
93f.
234
2fi4, 153
C IO,()()()
Iii
2. 832
-IOli
4. 072
14, ;';:? I
iO.Q
C 1. l~IO
13, ,\29
2, fif19
Jfi'.!
2, I\I:!
131
42
., ,
I , 60H
:!!in
24
' Ree not e~ on pa~es 1.10-,12 for dPsrript ic1t1 of da1 n i11c-h1dl·d
8 l ': nitrd Sta t('S tot nl r('prr~f'n t s fl\'l'rfigt' 1•11 rollnwnt durin ~ th e mo □ Lb .
stairs) T('Jl TC'SPDI numlw r t·nroll <'<l on l fl~f rh1,· of rn onlh .
0
2, fi!O
990
2, Ii 1
13. 12,
13(1
3
4, 3411
29,4 17
IO ..'12 J
3, 192
liOI
3. '2~:!
3ti
219 1
I
2, 888 1
I , -1 .52
I , Sfi-1
14 . 329
2. 20.;
fiR. 7!fi
209
c 3. nno
,\2, 118.\
2;. 1., ;
I
2,019
20, r,99
2.
R, 39G
132. !i l8
fi3, 712
I, 5fi7. 939
3 I fi
'-:~. 27A
R2. 723
Cndis trihut e-d hy s tates
.,10
2,
~. 2:-. I
:l7, ,111I
22, 29~
52fi
318
f,31
fi. -17fi
I, 1:?h
19!i
!lfiR
3. 93i;
3, ;33
I. 32,
7. fi.12
IO. 43Q
34. 3,\!i
r F.stimal erl
ers)
f,lfl
r
ltl,P.12
\\· n,h irn.! ton
__ _
(O ranf
\"'our h-
I. ,33
II , ,7 1
17.(ifi~
7R 9n1
\\·i,;;r,m -in
\\"yom in g'
istrnlion
Oran ts
3, Rfifi
123, 127
12,049
4-~. 02~
30, 04.I
2. R77
224
,, 11
4, .,41
4. O!ifi
l :l,!Jl(i
2..,oo
1, llfl.1
13. 7Sfi
f,, 130
,\, S i 3
1. 3.\3
2, 3R.r1
2. 144
1.023
I
!i, 9r,r,
9, 2R
2, 83fi
lfi, RI I
7,320
17, 11q9
i:ll 980
3~. q2 1
24. 23~
7, 3Sf'i
R, I Sfi
.,. ,24
nn
7,
2. 1%
, , 779
.\ If,
~fi2
fi, !131
____________ _
\\"(•~t \"irL' inia _______ _
Rrli rr
(('ases)
~(•c·11 ril V
\dmi11·-
1----
.I. !i l9
3, I In
fi. 272
12, s,q4
l. 79:\
mg
1-1 ..~20
7. 'l.1~
.,.,4
t ,Rn
lfi, 3,\,
3, 01,,
3, r..1r-
-1. 1n2
I , 1.13
n o 14
HI. 102
7. 237
2, 137
7, 2fH
1. 327
1)8, 207
311 , Jf,3
I
4, !09
-·-·-· ·__······
•• _______
1· 1nh onL
___ _
\-rrm
\ · m;,inia
\.\irl 10 rlr- 1.lid l o the
prndt'nt hi' l (
'
.'
. n~, n~rhi ldren
t1ss1_st?nrr
(rcr1p1en t s) (fsmilies)I c11ncnts)
01 l -80'
B 2fifi, 237
77-1
3. fi(jO
fi, RS2
R, 717
1..w2
i , IRS
I , 31Jfi
j()f \
~1
279, 99fi
I 933
/Q3
n.nn
2. 2:13
1.:w,
'rl' \8S____
Farm
Oenrral
I
2, 1:19
2\"17
t.
n, RSfi
q_ 902
,,. 311
,nn. q;,1
HiS
1. ~lq
~07
fi,
I , 297
qs8
OG,5
t, !i2q
13. 290
I.
~
22, f',~2
!i, Rf,9
7. 299
___ ___________ _
12, 0•13
~. 1211
.1, n1
2,330
fl3. nm
42 4q,1
K en 1uek y __
L ouisiana __
l\ f aine __
;\ I arylanrL __
\ Jni;:sar husetts
~li ssouri
a rn<.·y
p r ojP('1 s
i. lit3
·1:3. /OH
100, 3fi l
22, 4 ~
~. nc;o
fncliana ·--- ---------- -
1\I 1chi f!an
:\I inneso ta
:\1 issisc_ippi
\Vork
I, 171
(lOS
2. t IO
~. 711A
1_ l'Jf!
41. j;)I)
,52, r,,in
Florin a
neorgia
Kan sas
I
.
mm· I(Pmrrs)plo~:-
\ grneiM
I
rPs)
49. ~ii
ro lifornia
rn lorado
Iowa_
Othrr
Other
Frderol
2. 43fi. n!ln
Ila ha ma
\ ri znna
\ rkansas
Rprri'l I TY(H.'S of Pu hlir
_ _ _ _ .\ ssistall C{_'_ _ __
~at tnnnl Youth
.\ d1nini st ra t ion
Frd,•rnl
IPIE NT:S ()(,' P UBLI C R EL I E l•',
Sta tr fi gures whicl~ total '2 10,/'\:H (e,c ludin g 179 person s not reported hy
·
F:,C'ludin g rn-;es rr 1·r1,·ine on ly nwdirnl c'R rt.'.
rmplO)' m en t-provid i11 g art iYit ir . unclrrtak<'n hy
th<' Frdera l Oovrmmrnt. Sinrr 10:35 ot hr r
program lun "r sr ldorn engng<'cl " ·ork0 rs rn 1111 hNin g in rxress of -!00 .000. \1·li rrra s ·n -p _\ <'lllploymcnt has ran ged IIJ)\\·:ird fr m about
l .4."i0 .000 to sli ght!)· owr 3,000,000 . Th r ·\YP.\
pro g r:1m ha s :1 lso C'Yidenrrcl n v:1 rirt)' :rnd
fl 0x ihilit y \\·lii r l, , in add ition to its mn g nitu(IC' ,
ar0 Ilt'C-<'ssnr.Y to th<' f1dfih11011t of tlw p11rpose
for \1liic-l1 tlw \Yl'A w:i s rs t:1hl i-d10d in rn:3,5-
140
RKPOR' I' ON PROGRE
th}1t of providin g n rnnx irn1 1111 numh r r of jo b
fo r nrrdy u11<'mployed wmke r s on u se fu l
pt, h li(' projrct s.
In its broad :1ppronc h t hr "\YPA p rog rnm
s t:rnd in co n trn :-; t ,,·i t h ot h r r typrs o f Fed eral
11·ork and ron,-truct ion program s. Th latter
lrnn' r it lt n prov idrd rmp lo)·ment fo r s pec ia l
g ro11ps of \\·or ke rs. suc h ns t h r ('('( ' :1 11(1 TYA
prog-r:1m . fo r yo 11 tlt s. or :1ff onl ed 11·o rk to r clativr l)· lnrge p ropo r tio n s of expr ri r 11 crd co ns t r uction ,1·or kr rs as h ns hrrn t r ur of t h e h eayy
const r uct ion of t he P \\' j _ a nd s imi br uncle r tnk i11 g·s of ot hr r Fed r rnl agr 1w ir:-; . 'IYPA
,,·orkr rs hn ,·r hrrn drnwn from n il chissrs of t l1e
11nrmp lo)·ecl in ,111 p:1rt s of tlw co untry a nd
h :we rrp r esrn trd t hr ec o nomic h r:1 cl ,- o f fo m ilirs
in nrrd of rr lir f hrc:i u:-;r of u n r m p loy m ent.
T h ry hnYe rrcrin,d mont h! )· secur ity w nges in
:1cc-orclanc-e \\·i t h n . ch rdu lr of earn ings d signrd
to mr r t the s uhsis trncr rrqu irrmrnt s of fomi lirs .
T hr numhr r of \\" PA wo r krr s, ns is noted in
g r enter d e tni l in nnot h rr :-:('ctio n of t his rrport,
ros C' rapicl l)· in 108.':i aft('r t hr i nit iat ion of \Y P \
pro.i<'r t rmplo)· mrnt in t h r s 11mmrr o f t li at )' C'a r
nncl rcac h ecl :1pproxim:1tt'l)r '.?,700.000 1rnr ker s
by l hr end of D ecC'mhrr. ?\ l a1w o f t h r n w ly
nssignrd 1Y PA mpl<rnrs h nd p rr,· io11 s ly been
11·o r ki ng on project s pro:-;ec utrd 11ndrr t h
l◄:me rgen cy "\Yo r k Re lief Progrnm of t he FERA .
li.: :1rly in J08fi f11 rthrr incrr:1 sf's i n \Y PA em p lo)· ment brough t t hr tot:11 nurn lw r of 1YPA
workrrs to :-- ligh tly morr t hnn :3 .000.000 (Frhrn:1 r_1· 108fi). For :1ho11t a )·rar nncl n half
t lH' r nfter t h r nu mhr r of pr rso ns wo rking on
\Y I'.\ project s rno,·ed dow 111rnn l in keepi n g
ll'i t h the irn prnYed priYa tr emp lo)·mrn t co ndition s; a lm1· :wernge of lrss t h an a mil lion nn d
:1 11:l!f wn s reac h ed in t h r fa ll of Ht37 . Th e re1·rr,-.1I in bu siness conditions t h en cnu . ed an 11 p\\':ll'<I moYrment in t he trrn<i of "\YPA emplo)·111('nt \\·hich ln str d for a )"t' a r nn cl n'su ltrd in an
r mployment prnk: :1ho11t 200 ,000 :1ho,·r t he
high point of rn::rn . S11h. rquent c11 r t;1 ilment o f
tl1<' "\YP.·\ progrnm rrducecl t h e number nt
11 ork on 1YP.\ project s to less t han 2 ..500.000
d11rin g .Tune 1mm.
T lm,ughnut t hr yea r r n di ng in .Jun r rn:rn,
\YP .\ fund s 11·rre 11 srd to fi na n cr :1 cer ta in
:1111011nt of Frdrral ngrncy project wor k t h :1,t
rlosr ly resembled t h e project :1.ctiYities co nd 11 rted h)· the 1YP.\ . Sur h Frdrrn l :1,gen c_v
OF T H E WP A PROGRAM
wo rk rr presrn trd a con tinu at io n of p a r t of t h e
actrnt 1e t hat in p r ior ye:1r. lt nd h e n cn,rri ed
o n hv th e Fed em I ng nc ies ,,·i t h cl ir ct a ll ocation
of em ergen cy fund . Th e act 11 al nu m ber of
worker . Pm p lo)' e l b~r Fed er al age n cie on \Y PAfin :1,n crd prnjec ts ,1·:1,s n ot Ja rg-e, h o,1·eyer , in
cnm pn ri . o n ,,· it h tl1 e e mpl n)' m e n t pro ,·id ecl on
\\"P .\ -o p e rn trcl p rojects. Duri ng th e fir t nine
m onth s of t h e Ye:1 r t li e \\~P .\ - fi 11 a nccd F ed eral
agen c)· e m1 loy rn en t di d n ot Y:n-y fa r from rJ0 ,0 00
a nd onl y duri n g :\h)' a n d .Jun e 19;39 d id it
r each :rn a.Ye rage of l :30,000 ,,·o r ker .
T he prr p o nclern ncc of th e W P A progr a m in
th e tot:, I fo r t h e SC'Ye ral Fed er a l ,,·o r k a nd con :-; t ructio n progn1 m s h as :1 lrr:1d )· been n oted as
weH as its fl exih il it)7 in adapti ng itself to clrnn g in g un e mploym en t co nditi o ns. In compari son
\\·ith a ll program s t hro ugh w h ic h relief ha been
exten ck d or employmen t proY i led on Federal
11·or k ,rnd con t ru ct ion project s t h e 1YP .-\.
progra m a lso i nuts tnnclin g. D urin g a cons ider a bl e s hnr e of t he t im e s in ce 103-5 t h e p ersons be nefiti ng from , YP.\ ,1·o rk accou n ted fo r
more t han h nlf of t h r tot:1 1 n u m ber ass isted
u nde r nil program s. Onl) in Ht37 a.nd in ea rl y
103S- a period of rc lnt iYe prn. peri ty fo ll m 1·ecl
h.- t !, r fi r st m ont hs of reress io n- di d t h e
number of p rso ns benefiti ng t h ro u g h ,YP A
\\·ork fa ll su hst,111 ti a lly bclo11· h a lf th e total
num her (C'lrn r t 9).
7
National Youth Administration
T h r IY .\ 1,·n.s r s ta hli s li ed in 1935 to a dm ini s ter n p r ogra m of a.ss is t:rn ce fo r yo un g
peop le. Th ro ug h pr oject nct iYities t he N Y .\
has p ro Yid e I p:nt-t ime emp lo)· rn en t an d ,,·ork
ex p eri e ner fo r 0 11 t-of-sc hool ~'0 11 tl1 in n red of
re lief: t h e t 11 de n l ,1i l prog ra m h as s 11ppli ecl
mo n t ltl Y ra rnin gs to n eed)· !·01 1I1 g per so ns 11·ho
are atten d ing sc ho o l. Th e latte r prog ra m is a
co n tin unt in n of t he co ll ege s t ud r n t a id program
of t li r FF~H .\ , hro:1 kn eel to in cl ude high - c hool
st ude n ts as 11·e ll as co llege st.u d e n ts.
T h r K Y .\ st11 cl e 11 t aid program for )·oung
peop le 1d1 0 ,,·it hl1 11 t thi h elp ,1·otdd n ot h :1Ye
been a b le to co n t inu e t heir t d11 ca t.ion a s is t ed
som e w l,at largrr n um bers of s tu d en t during
103 , ;3 9 t h a n d urin g t h e pr ecedin g s ch ool yea r.
In ,Tun e 1939 , a t t h e e nd o f t he c h ool yea r ,
a b o u t 280,000 st ud ent b e nr fi ted und er th e
0
FEDER.\L l' llO J lcC ' T " AND P
Th r mn ximum for thr )"C'ar "·as rrnc hr d
durin g th fir;:; t fr "· month s of 10:rn 11"11 r11 nho ut
:31-\0 ,000 11·r r r nickel ; t hi ;:; fi g urr rrprr;:;rnt s :1hout
,i0 ,000 m or e s tuclrnt s t hnn 11·rrr assis trcl d11ri11 g
t hr s:1rn r mont hs of I mm nncl :i0,000 Ir;:;;:; t han
in thr firs t four month s of l (J:37 . Studr nt s
reeriv in g NYA nicl :n·r r rqu irl'd to 11·ork und rr
t hr direct ion of loc:1 1 se hoo l :1 uthoriti rs for :1
s ufVi eir nt numhrr of hours P:1e h month to P,ll'n
t hPir m onth!)· n!lmrnnrrs :1( pn' 1·:1 ili11 g ho uri)·
rntr. of pn)". Th r vn rircl :1C'l ivit ies plnnn rcl h)·
th r srhool n uth oritirs nrng l' frnm eo11 s t 1'l1cli o11
nnd improv em r nt 11·ork in c·o1111 ret io11 11·ith
ground s , ncl buildin gs to l:d )()r:1to r_Y, lihrar)· ,
rrsrn reli . and c!rricnl 11·ork .
l~mpJoymrnt 0 11 t h r :--: Y.\ w o rk proj ect
prog ram inneasrd s tr,1dil)· t hroug hout t hr
rnlcnclnr ~-rn r rn:3, to rrnr h :111 nl! -t im r prak
of 2-12.000 in F ehrnnr)· 10:3!) _ Grnc lu nl cl er lin rs durin g t h e foll011·i11 g six month ;:; hrou ,•h t
thr number down to nhout 2 1-1 .000 in .fon r
l!l:30, n fi g urr o nlv slig ht!)· hig hr r t h:111 t l1 nt for
.Junr 10:3S. N Y.A prnjrrt ll'O rkr r;:;, pr:1cti r:1ll y
nil o f 11·h om :i re h rt11·rr 11 rn :111cl 2--l- )'C'nrs of
ngr , hn,·e brrn r ng agrd 011 n pnrt-tim r h:1 sis
in th e m:111y typrs of work t hn t h:11·r hrrn
prosec ut ed uncl rr th e dirrct ion o f N Y.A aut l1o rities .
NY_\ proj rds h :n·r i111·o k r d ronstrurtion
nrt i1·iti r s s urh ns rond im pro,·r mrn t :rnd r rmod r lin g nnd 1w w cons truction of huilclings
nnd rrnrntional fnrilitirs; ro 11 sr 1T:1t ion 1rn rk;
produ ction ac tiYiti s ronduC'lrcl throu g h sr11·ing, 1rnochvorkin g nnd mrt:1h1·o rk i11 g prnj rrL;
:111cl rrcr rat ionn l lrn cl r rs hip . hook rr pnir, C' ieri cn J
nncl r rsrn rrh 11 ssis tnncr, :ind ol li C' r kind s of 11011rn ns t r uction nrtivitirs. Trnini11 g rr l:1tr,d to
proj rrt work m· to prc ifi r orc· 11p,1t io n:1I r f'q uirrm r nt s of pri1·nte inclu s tr)· l1:1 s brr n m:1dr 111·:iil ablr to NY.A proj rct \\·orkr rs. p:i r tly o n t hr ir
011'11 tim e nn cl partl)· on proj ect t im r. .\"YA
s u pr n ·iso rs :1 ncl prrsmrn r l from ot h r r ,1gr11r ies
or from edu c:it io naJ in s titution s ha n s upplird
t hr in s t ru ction .
NYs\ .
Civilian Conservation Corps
T he CC'C program wn s initintrd in rn:33 to
prm·icli ng rm pl oymrn t ,1nd
o pr rn te rnmp
Yoc nti onal trninin g for yo1 1ng m rn 11"11 0 :i r e
un rmp loyed nnd in nerd of r mpl o)·m ent. For
BLIC !{ ELI lei<'
1--11
rnrollnw nt in t h r ('('(' it h:1. been rrquirrcl
sin cr .Jul _v I, 10:37 , tlrn t yo11ng- mc' n . in :1clclitio11
to b r in g u nrm ployrd , m t1 s t hr hrh,·rrn th r
:1grs of 17 and 2:3 in r lu sivr , t111m,1 1Tird , not in
r rg ulnr :1ttr11cl:111rc' nt ;:;cl100 I, nncl wi.lling to
nll o t to their clrpc'1Hl rnts :1i>ot1t t hrrr-qunrtr L
of thr us un l i:30 111 011tl1l,v r,1sh allmrnnce .
During thr six-m o n th rn rollnw nt p eriod t hr
enrollee liv r in rn mps ll'h r rr mos t o f t hrm
pn rtic ipat e in r du c:1tio11 :111cl lrni11ing program s
t hat s upplement thr rx perirncr gain ed t h ro t1 g h
projrct work .
CCC proj rc ts, in t h e s uprn· i, ion o f w hich
,·nriou s F r d rrnl nncl s tatr ngr ne ie cooperntr.
h:n-r d ea lt chi d ly ll'ith t hr co nsen-ntion :ind
cl eY rlopm r nt o f n:1tt1r:il r r so11rrrs. Am o ng thr
m ajor kind s of('( '( ' oprrntio ns :i re th o. r for
improving th r T,1t io n '. forrsl s nncl protrrting
th r m from fir r .111d drst rnrti vr disea, rs ,rnd
i nsrc ts; co n trn lIi ng erosion :rncl fl oods; prO\· iding inig.1tion :111d dr:1 i11 :1gr; d<'1·elopin g r C'nrationnl faciliti r s in p:1rk s :ind fores ts; ancl
C's t,1hlis hi11 g 11·ild lil'r rdu grs .
From month to m o n t h dt1rin .~ th r YC',11' PJH]ing
in ,fon r I 0:30 th<' :1 Yl' r:1gr nulllh<•r of ('( '( ' <'nroll <'<'S fh 1e tu:1t !'cl lwh1·(•Pn 2(i0 ,()()() nnd :300 ,nnn
11·ith clisch ,ug<'S :111 d rr pl:1 rt• 11 H'nL nt t ill' end
of t hr <'nrol Inwn t p<' riod s r h idl_v rPspo11.' ihl r
fo r su r h r han ges ns oen 11Tl'd . Durin g 10:3.) :rncl
r:11'1)· rn:36 t h t• totn l nu 111 ht•r of r n rollrt'S wa s
eo nsidt'ra bl)· n ho1·c t hl' n·r<'n t <· n rollm r n t !PYrl s .
.\Ycmgr monthl)· <'n ro llnwnt t•xr<'<'d r d --l- , 0,000
in Am?;ll t :1 nd S<·ptc• m lw r of I !):"{."i :ind onl~onr<• IH't\\"l•('ll .\pril I 0:1:) and .\ p ril rn:3fi \\":l S
it lw low 3.50, 000 . B)· t lw s prin g nf l \:l:1 7 t l1t•
numlw r \\";) S n·clt1r< •d to :I littJ ,, lw low :rno,ooo,
a kn·l from whir h th r rc h,l V(' sin ce beC'n 0111)·
min or d eYiatio ns.
Public W arks Admin istration
, in C'l' 103:3 tl w JfP <krn l E111<·rgc1ir)' .\dmini str:1 tion of P ubl ic \\'ork ::: h:i s lwcn ,H illl inis t<•rin g
:1 progrnm of hP:lY_I" C'onstnl('( io11 proj er ts prost•cut rd o n :l ro ntr:1et h:1sis :in d s uppl)·in g 11·ork
for l:irgl' num lH'rs of ro11st ruction ,1·orkt•rs .
Durin g HJ:3..J- nncl 10:~,5 most of tlH' P,\-.\ fund s
\\"<' I'<' USC'd fo r F<•d Prnl proj ccts; t hrsf' proj <·C't s
pnw id c'd r mpJ oynwnt fo r :1 ln 1os t +:)0 ,000 J)l'l'son s ,it th r J)l':lk nf nrtiYi( it•s in ,Ji111 e 1111d ,hil,Y
o f I 0:H , a h l' ig h t not apprn:1<' li ccl in btl'l' )"<•;1 r;:;.
1-:1:2
REPORT ON PROC:RE
The largrr part of P\YA e mpl o)· ment since
ca rl)r 19:3fi has been on tlie non-Fl•ckrnl proJl'Cts of tate nncl local goYernments. The
P\\'A ha s maclr gra nt of F l'cleral monl')- up
to 45 percent of the total cost of thl'sr project the remainder ritber bein g uppli ecl to thr spon;:;or through P\YA 1 ans or raised dirl'ctly by
tli c ~pon so ring bodi(• .
Ernplo)TJ11ent on PW.A non-Federal project
reached a prak of about '.Ui0,000 \\·o rk <"r in t h r
lU11mcr of 1936 and lcclin rcl tlwrc•,1ft<' r until
the la tc summer of Hl3 c . ,\. t that time th e
influence of newly approp ri,1 ted fun Is initiated
an in c rrase in P \ YA non-F<·d<'ral (•mploymc nt
t hat cont inue I throughout t hr fi ca l _vc>a r . In
June 1939, ahout 2-10,000 persons \\·ere employl'cl on P\T A proj ects, m ost of which were
non-Fcdrra l undertakings; this figure was
larger than any r eported since
J ovember
19: 6.
Variations in t he volume of employment on
the Frcleral project of t h e PWA r fl cted the
clifferen t meth ods used in financing Fed r al
con stnwtion work. From the latter part of
Hl33 until abo ut the encl o f 1935 the large t
lrnre of th P beaYy con s truction work of th e
Federal Govr111rnen t " ·as finnncecl \\·ith P \\TA
appropriations. Beginning in 1935 funds for
Federal const ru ction act iYiti es \\·ere for a time
supplied chiefly t hrough the ERA Act of 1935;
t his ,1ccounted fo r t h e g reate r irnport:rnce aft r
1935 of the emergcnc)· cm plo_vment proYid ed
through oth e r Federal wo rk and con truction
projec-ts. Alt h ough some funds for Federal
project \,·ere made ,wailahle to the P \-V A in
the F\Y.A Appropriation Act of 193 . the
rerrnt tendency has been to 1rn rd s the financing
of Federal constru ction through the regubr
approp riations of th e Ya rious agcncie . The
shifting awa:, from P ,YA fin:rncing of Federal
construction has rest ri rtrd P\YA operations
more and more to non-Frderal undertakings.
01·her Federal Work an d Construction
Projects
Othrr Federal work nncl construct ion act inties. refe rred to in connect ion \1·ith the Fff \.
progrn m, incl 11cle both i, he regular construction
work undertaken by Ynrious Feel em I agencies
that is fino.nce<l from regular nppropria tions
OF T H E WPA PRO TRAM
and t h e exten sion of operations made po ible
orne,
th rough th e use o f emergency funds.
t h ough b)- no mean all , of t h e Federal agency
work proYid ecl through the non-P\YA emergency funds has emp hasized the empl yment
of pers n ertified as in need of relief.
Employment on Federal \\·or k and cons truction project :financed \1·ith em ergenc:,
fund s- chiefly from the ERA Act of 19:35reachecl its peak during June, ,foly , and Augu t
1936 11·hcn more t han 400,000 per on s were at
work .
~rndual but continu ed declines in thi
employm ent brough t the total to ap proximately 1.50 ,000 workers in ,Jul) 193 . and by
,June 19: 9 less th an 10.000 persons \,·e re employed on the ot her Feclernl project financed
with em ergency funds. Th e decline in th e la st
yea r ma)· be attrihutecl in large part to th r fn ct
th at many of th e pr jects thnt at one time had
heen financed with emergency funds wer e later
finanred in ot her ways: w ith regular a ppropriations , \1·ith P \YA fund s, or with \Y PA
funds trnns ferred under aut h ori t:, f Section 3
of the ERA Act of 193 .
Construction employment JWOYicled through
regular F ed e ral fund s was rclnfrvely large until
the latter part of 19;33 when :1 decline to fe 11·er
than 50,000 11·orkcrn r educed the number to
le s than a quarter of the previ ou s \'Olume.
Th is dec!iJ1e r e fl ec tecl a shift in the manner of
financing the construction 11·ork of Federal
agenc1e . Con truction ncti,·itie o f Federal
agen cies thnt 11·ere fo rmerly finnncecl from regular a ppropriation s were provided for trnder
provisiow of the Nntional Jndu strial R ecowr).\.ct \,·l1icl1 appropri,1tecl ,;uhstantia l su ms to
P\TA to he :1 11 catecl fo r these pmposes.
E spcc in ilY no t ewo r th y wn.s th , uspens io n of
Fed era I-a id high \1·a)· gm n ts beginning 11-i. th
the f-iscn l )·ear I 9:3:3 :34 nnd th e s ubs titution of
P11~A fu nd s fo r the cont irniation of hig l11rny
and road construction \1·ork of the Bu rea u o f
Public Ronds. P er;:;on empl oyed on nil s uc h
projeC'ts h a\·e heen incluclrd in t he P \YA Feder al project emplo)· ment totals . Th r resu mp t ion of F'eclernl-aicl higln,·a)' gra nts in the fi sca l
year l 9:3:"i 36 1rn s an imp rtnnt factor in the
grachw l upturn of regulnr Feclernl con truction
emplo)· mcn t in I 9:3fi.
u hse Iuent inc rease
were iu part attrihutable to th e fnct t hnt H
numbe r of agenr ies 1vhic b had been re el\"m g
7
FEDERA L P l{O J E CT S A XD P U B LI C ll E L!EF
F \YA and oth er eme rgen cy fund obtained
reg- ul ar appropri::ition s to con t inu e nnd expand
t h eir con s trn c tion ac ti,-it ies . Emplo)· ment on
regular F d eral cons truction projrrts ren r h ed a
total of ah ut 24 6 .000 \\·o rke rs i11 Septemb er
l 9: , t h e peak for t h e 103:3 39 period.
Special Types of Assistance
Important a m ong th e \·nrious prog-rnm s un !er
wl1ich aid h as been exte nd ed tJ1rou gh oth er
rn ea n t h an by t h e provision of project wor k ar e
th e three special ass is tanee prog- rnms in whi ch
t h e oci.a l Serurit~r Board p11rt iripates . The
pr ograms for ass is ting the aged , depend ent
children , and th e blind nr e adm inis tered h~· th e
s tates a nd locali ties \\·itl1 F('(\ernl p::i rt icipat ion
in tl1 0 e s tates wh er e progr ams m eet t h e requirement. of th e So cia l Security Act . The
Federal Governm e n t part1c1pates t hrou gh
grants of fund s proportional to th e a m ou n ts
m acle avail::thle by t h e s tnte - one- third o f th e
ta.te 's con tribu tion in th e c::i sc o f a id to dependent ehild r en (one-h a lf beginning in ,Janumy 1940 ) an l on e-half in t he ca e of tl1 e oth er
t wo progrn m s .
Assis tance for t he aged , t h e blind , ::incl dependent children had been pro,·id ed und er s tnte
::in l loca l ::i uspices on n limi ted basis p ri o r to
19:35 _ Jn 193fi an d 1937 ini tint ion of Federal
firnrn eial pa.rticipa tion s tirn u In tf'd ::i hirge expan ion of th e special ::i ss i, t::ince progrnm s. l n
th e two-~rear p€'ri ocl the number of rec ipi ents of
old-age a sis tan c qu::idrupled to rench a tota l
of ap proxim ateh • 1,600.000 in Dccernhe r 1937 ;
th e number of fami li s r eceiYin g nid to dcpenden t c hildren ro se from aho u t 120 ,000 to a lmos t
230,000 ; an d th m1mber of hlind person s niclrd
incr€'fl S€'cl from a bout 3.5 ,000 to -5 6 ,000 . Furth er
hut more gr nd11al expans ion o f t h <'se prog rn.ms
too k place in 10 3, and th e fir, t h ::i lf of 1939.
B)• ,J til~, 19: , appron' cl plnn s for old -n ge
n . i ta n ee w r (' in open. tion in 47 . t:1 t <'s and th e
Di t ri ct of(' lumbia ; in Yirgini a n prog rnm of
old -n gc a. sis tanc e wa , inm1gurnt ed in , cptem be r I 9:3, . Durin g tl1 r ot1l'S l' of t he y1' arfrom ,Jul y 19:3 , throu gl1 .J une 19:30 th e number
of r e ipic· n ts in cr ('as<'cl from l ,(rn0 .000 to l .8fi0 ,000 , :1 ri s<' of 11 perce nt. Difl"(•r<·nc<'. in ,tg<'
limitat ion , r csid c·nc e, a nd ot her
li gihility
r<'quirem en t. and in th e amounts of s tate an I
143
lora l f11n cL an1 il ahk li aY <' h <'en import a n t
factor. influ C'n cin g th e relative numb er aid d
in t h e v:1 riou s s tat es.
Bdw('< ' n ,Jun e l 9:3 [Incl ,Jun l 939 th <' nu 111 b rr
o f forn ilies rec ciYin g aid to d cp€'ncl nt children
rose 20 pe rcrnt. P:1 r t of t hi in c rca e from
258. 000 to :3 J 1,000 fom ili c•s wns lu e to til e
beg-innin g o f F'Pclf'rnl pnrticip:1tion in F'lo ri da
nncl Yirginin durin g tlH' yea r ; a total of 40
s tat <'s n ncl th e Di. triet of C olumbia had
approY<'cl plnn s in operatio n by Jun e 1939 .
Progrnrn fo r nicl to t he blind unckr plnn s
npprov ecl b~, t h e Socia l 8 ecuri ty Bonrcl \1·e re
i11 op e rnt ion in -:10 s tates 11nd t h (' Dis trict of
Columbi a luring ,Jun e 1939 . FNlrrnl p::irticipation in thi s type o f aid wn s begun in 'onn rc ticut, 1Ii issippi, and Virginin dmin g th e ln t
fi cal y a r . Th e numb er o f n 'c1p1C'nt s m s<' m
th €' course of t h e y ea r from 62 ,000 to 6, ,000 .
Farm Security Administration
Th e FSA is concern ed primarily with assis tin g
low-in com e farmers and farm tena n ts. Tl1i s
ng<'n cy took over vncl expanded work Lhat hncl
be en ini tiated under t h e rural r ehab ili tation
progrnm of the FERA, under ce rtn in bur€'au s
of th e Depnrtrnent of th Tn t €' ri or , an d uncl r
th e Agricultural Adj us tmmt Adm ini t,ration .
The FSA hn s giv e n chi ef rrnph n i to assis ting
fa rm families in agri cu l turnl ilren s citlH'r
through grants to fomi li <' in n <'f'cl or through
lo::in s for th e purchn se of li v es tock , e 1uipment ,
and land to famili<' s li kf'l)r to be om e se lfsupporting . Grnnts Jrnve bern made to providC'
JH'ccly form fami li es wi t h food , clothing , and
m ed ica l aUc nti0n wh en co ndition s prev€'ntecl
th e clf'n•lopm Pnt of s ta nd a rd form lonn s.
Durin g .Tun e 1939 about 69 ,000 FSA grnnts
wr r e m::ide to farmf'rs, a totn l that r eprese nts a
dl'clin e of 25 rercPnt from t lw ,hi n<' rn:3 fi gun'.
A large proportion of th e rer i piPnt s of FS.\.
grants r esid e in th e :1 g ri r ul t11r:1 l s tn tl' of th e
.:,[iddl e ,Y es t , and a t hird of th <' fami li es rec eiYin g grants in .Tun e 193 9 wer e located in North
and South Dakota. .
Throu ghout the opl'rn ti on f th <' FSA program t he monthly v olum e of g nint hn s s hmn1
wicl c nuctt1::ition . As mig h t be ('X J)l' C't ed ,\
lnrge sea. so rrn l elem ent h ns lw<'ll ch:1rn ct(' ri, ti c ,
reflectin g vn riatio n in ag ric11ltmnl nctiYity .
144
REPORT ON PRO RES
OF T H E WPA PROG R AM
General Relief
Tl w liigli <'s ( of thr " ·in ter ll' Yd s oer1 1ned durin g
th e firs t f'P \\ mont hs of l n:r, wlwn l.ug<' nt1mb crs
of' f'n rm fo milies in n e('d of nssis tniH·<· ns a r psult
of' t lH• sen ' l'l' drough t of t hr pr eYious su mm er
\\·p n • trnn sferrl'd from th e \\'PA to t hr F , .L
Th t• 11u 111 lwrs of grnn ts rn:1d l' durin g th e two
succc•c•din g wint ers w er e of :1bout <'qu:11 rna g nit11< IP usu,dl)· bd wpc n 120,000 :rnd 1:10 ,000
per 111 011t h. TIH' sprin g d ecl in e of J n:rn , hO\n',·rr,
was mue h mon' rapid t lrn n th 11t of L9:3 c;
b rgrl)· rcsponsibl for t he g reatC'I' C' li:mge in
l \l::rn \\·ere t he redu eti on in nY:1il:1 hi e fund s
:rnd the gener,d improYcm ent in ,1 g rie11 ltur:1 l
co n di l inns.
T A BL E
.) ~A .
Gcn e r:11 relief Im been a residual program
,.;in ee I n:3,) \\·hr n t he F ederal Go \·e rnment with drew frnm this fi eld to pa rtieipat e in program
design ed to :1id t he unemplo.n d and pee ial
g roups n ee ding ass is l:me e. S ubsequ ent to th e
di ' <•ontirn1 n1H·e of t he FERA th e prac tices of
t he s ta tc :md loc al wdf:1re ,md relief agen cie
in ex tendin g gen era l relief ha,·e n1ried greatly
from pi nce lo pl ace . Th e gene ra l relief prog r:1m , nf diffe rent nre:1s , howeve r, ha,·e been
r('sid ua l nd iYities whi ch proYid e ass is tan ee to
pe rson s n ot rece iYin g ot her kinds of aid o r
K 1RN I NG:S OP P E RS ONS F ~l l' l ,OY E D ON F E rrn R A L \\' om, IN D ( ' o:-rnTR UCTIO N P ROJE .T S AN D P AYMEN TS
von P u BLI R r-: 1. 1
BY P Ro r: n , 11 s 1
rc ,,,
2\ I OST l! I.Y
J \~l \ HY
rn:t{
TO DEC'E \ IB H { Hl35
[In thousands]
Othe r Ferleral \\' or k
Pu hlir \\' or ks
.\ drninistrat ion
\\·nrks
Prm~rrss
..\ dminis-
Year rnd 2\Iootb
t r~tion
and C'onst r urt ion
P rojec ts
('i\· i]
Jl rog-rnm
'<on-
Emereenry
funds
Fednal
Federal
projed'.'-
projec·ts
$1. ,rn
Ch~iJinn
Conser,~n tion
Corns
'-Y.\
~tw lent
.\ id
\\' or ks
Regula r
fun ds
$2,. u112
-------1-
J,111w1 r~
..
Fehr u:1r)
, 1a rc-h
.\ pnl
:\ l ay
I
June __ _
July
\ 11gu-.;t
~e11temht'r
0('tnher
;\ o,-em ht•r
neremht:>r
1931
lotnl
10. !110
10. ono
11. fiiO
- .
12, litlO
l-1, , 10
211
r:1 1
1. no
.\ "'-10
Ill. :!!HI
111,i,2
H'i, S:-\ti
9i. n-t::i
H.'1. , :fi
9!1. 1, ~
30,
27H. 222
111.
\ l ny
Ju ne _
2111, i:?i
:t?.'-1
fl'-,, t:lJ
:lll.'-22 - - - 1 - -1-.1-1~- I
11, Hi:{
2:-{). t1n.,
1. -t ,,
11.:i.1
II, 12 1
:?:?HJil I
1. Q-.;2
H,S21
lSI, J:?-..
1,799
Ifill, :~'-d
2, ~-1 2
:?fl. 3 12
2.1. ~27
rr., ..'73
1. 41R
J u ly
11:~. 72.1
Januarv
Fehrmlr:r
\ l :m·h
\ pril
2. 13ft.
I
\ uc:ust
IH:?, lfli
Septemh('r
<ktnhcr
'-""n,·emher
1.,3
1'1:l. 001
necemh~r
Januan·
Fehnu1ry
:\ l arl'h
\ pr il
\l n;-
June _____
July
.\ u~ust
Srptemher
(ktoher
'-1'o,emher
11Pf'Pmhn
A, 39,1
i. 2:--.2
, . 92fi
,. 330
J'-,0,
:?fl '> , 1(1'
~~l . 31-1
o,o
20,.m
210. s,9
223,
1~~
20:i, 7:i,
:?Otl, 17R
IH7. 029
21H. tfi4
2~).fl:--.1
2.'ifl. 11-11
9i. hin
!Si. tlH3
770
11. 10\1
t,13.or.o
21,. 799
l.>-1 , 5-19
123. fi30
5. gr,s
102
11
l
2fi0, 9,ij
I
I. S22
1. n:i-1
I. fi7,i
2. ,1 I
3. :?,;,
3. RS.'i
3. S l7
I , f,23
3, -1 3!1
22. 11 3
I. 701'1
I. fi(i :,..
I. !i91
:t 72 1
1.2, 3
3,310
2.'i, 0 19
23. I J.I
2-1, ;ii()
2-1 , fii 4
2:l, IOf>
r. r.r.n
I.()("
'.{. .iiO
:l. 73Cl
l sro
2, , -.o
2, liiO
I. 1-1 2
l,Of,O
I. 237
n. 0;2
l.',.fiOfi
lfi. , so
I. 37~
3. ;.()()
3. 730
1.
2. -I R3
fi., ,
3. '>!10
,;, 12,;
~- 17 1
4. 7f,0
ll. 19fi
9. 3r, 1
, .R II
7, 136
lfi. 1!'12
1.\\1:?fl
13, !IOo
13,2 12
10, 9S2
R. 7S2
20. , 10
20. 4,u
h. ifil
I 7. S9 1
20, !iRO
19,907
3. fi2;',,
3. 113
I I. 0 1'
13, S.'iS
fl, 122
10, 32,
32. fi l 7
fi.\01:i
' · , ,o
11, i S.ti
.i. 07.~
:H. 9:!2
1, 1.021
10,099
2
:i, 312
20 , 579
19. 9\lfi
W. lfiY
l:i, ,i7.'i
20, 2 1.5
20,319
13. 9[10
12, 2fi0
12, CH IO
;;_q4
7. -19:?
lfi, :i92
I I~. 4S0
!1;'12
11. 112
'· ;):,.; ,;
20 I. 3,,9
J\,
l "'- . li!I,;
,. -IR-1
,;, ~,2
21.,,
2,,.
920
2f1, 41 2
2 1. 9:ll
2 1. lfH
'I, 303
f,,
I, 474
fi. 3,, 7
16, HH2
15. 770
I, 33!l
10. 9:i-1
12, S74
2:i, 03fi
2-1 , 30:i
21. 137
2. ;,o
3, 240
20. 199
23. RiS
24, ,;39
1. 130
,;, r,30
:i, fi.'iO
:i, 090
22 1
I. 653
2. 09.i
2. 395
I
2, .11r,,7,
33.
33, 7;;
32. ror.
33. ,'iR2
32. 120
I
FEDERAL PROJE " L'S .\N'D P
rerei,·in g in suffici ent ;1 id undr r ot hrr prog rnms.
A res i<I un.l g rnu p of ll<'C'd_v [Wrson s nrress::tril:·
rcnrnins afte r t lw o pcr:itions of ot he r prog r:1m s
ha \·c been ta ke n in to ,H·c·ount , because t he o th rr
prog ram s as a group do not ass is t all classes of
t he n eedy and ber:1 use t he ('ove r,1gl' of oth r r
prog ram s i. often i11<·omplctc . !~or this reason
g n c rn.l relief bas bcl'll ex tended to s uch t_v prs
of n ee d:· p rsons ns t h follm,·ing: un<'mplo:•11 bl c person s n o t qunlif~·ing fo r t hr nid prn\·id<'d
t hrough th e t hr<'<' ;:; peC'in l prog rams in \1·lii(' h t he
. oc ial Scru rit:• B onn i pa rticip:1tcs; fnmilics th at
arc not n" is tcd t hro ug h t he 11·o rk programs of
th e 1YPA ,md o thE' r agencies bern use ()f s ho rh1gc
T ABLE
,5 A . -
B Lf
145
HE Ll EF
of funds, limit a tions in th e orr1 1pnti01inl hnekgro111 Hl s o f t he ])<' rso 11s needing c' rnp loy nwnt .
nm! sirnil :u- fndor ; familic and prrson-, rrqu1rmg tempo r:11'_\· a sis tan('c; an d fa lllilir-,
ll<'r ding ,1s, is ta1tc·c' i1 1 add ition to Llrn t pro vided
t hr011g h o t hr r programs.
Fl urtuntion s in th r m 1111hr r of r,tses r('<·r iYing
grn e ra l rrli<' f rcflcc-t tl1 r infl11 r nn' of a 1111mlw r
of f:1ctors \\·hie h difrr r g rPnt l.,· from st n tc' to
s t::tt r :1nd frnm (·o mm11ni ty to con11 n1 111ity.
:-larkrd sraso nnl ,·:1ri::ttion s oc·c·t1r in rn :11n:1rras :ls a re 11 lt of innensPd pli ysic· ,11 nr<'d "
du ring 11·in tr r mont hs :1nd ,1 r· linr:1 ctr ri;:; t ic
tenc lenC"_V to wn rd large r n umbe rs of unrmplo:·r d
EARN ING" OF PERSOX:< E, 1PJ,OY ED nx FEDER\!, \T ORK 1:--11) C'ON:<TR CT lO N P ROJECTS AND P AY \IE :--1'] 8
FOR PL' flLH ' RE L1~:F , RY PRo nR\\l >C'o11(i11 u ccl
1 1" oNT IILY
Hl:J3
.J \NU\HY
1'0 DECE.\IHER lV35
[I n thousands]
Special Types o f Pul.lic
I
Fed eral Entl' rgenry HPliC'f ~\dminis tr:l·
tion SpPrial Program-.
Genernl Relier
A s'- istance
_ _ _ _ Farn1 St'-
cun1 y
.\irt to rle-
Old-age
p endenl
chi ldren
assistance
$26, Oi l
2. 20.
2,
l 76
I
2. 159
2, 131
2,
I Qi
2,09k
2.073
2.098
2, 1:l9
Ai<l lo the
blind
Poo r
relief
$6, :i9
$ 16,379
3. r.;o
:1, 431
:i, 48i
3,406
:i, 40fi
3. 322
•193
4i4
4i9
I. 049
1,0:H
I.Oil
l.0%
I, 12S
I, 142
s, . .sf;fi
5fi.
57.%1
: I, 994
60,f,27
(Jfi.072
-19, r~"'7
49fi
479
480
3. 252
3. 281
3,293
3. 293
3, 297
3, 3fi6
500
47S
479
501
4S3
49i
1,31 8
- - -''-
7 073
23. 9G3
I
1.52[
l, fi04
I, 904
l ,899
I, f.74
Xon rclier
ea rnings
Re li e f extendrd
$40, 60-I
---
2,322
2. 313
2,24 9
,_ _Enwr)?l•ncy relief
Trans irnt
reli(•f
Emrrge nc y
educa-
tion
$6,307
63,407
32fi
3'.l!l
iii. 431
120
H9. 211
t;li,9 09
f.2, 217
335
335
322
101
Col leg
Ru ral
s tudent
nid
reh alii litat ion
$44:J
Admirii s- Y ea r and I\fonth
n a tion
fl rant s
$3
Ja •1u·-tr\·
Febrw,ry.
:\ler ch
_\pril.
) [ av
Jun·
:i:rn
314
:122
435
67[
Jul y.
.. \ugu,q
mo
4
fi4
375
$57, l9fi
33, 1.50
12,ROO
7, i75
.::. ---· I
I. f,79
~.:m,
I. 169
1,.,19
l. fi7:i
31 I
1..; 37
1.3:12
9.50
2. 194
2, 114
h7!
94h
287
1.
Sl· Pt l~mbrr .
October .
~,.o,·~111her.
D ecen1her.
3
====l====!=====--32 244
2,342
2.:i:n
2.373
2,371
2. 42f,
2 ,474
I
2, 553
2,672
2, i.50
2,919
3, 114
3, 3,9
3. 361
3,413
3. 353
3,385
3,353
3, 91U
3,381
3. 401
a. :t,i
3,409
3,413
3,471
64, 9fi6
41 , 727
4,4 06
4, fi2f,
4, 738
4, (120
5,109
5. 306
-
543
srn
=
5,5Jl
,) , fi56
5,Sli
6.002
6,306 1
6,539
3, 172 1
3,463
3. 417
3, 46
3,488
3,472
3, 5261
3,559
3,626
I., 29
I. 921
514
54:J
530
591
2,026
2, 1:1 ~
63i
61,
,4,
2,003
1.,n
I,
4fi, 54[
4X , 390
59, 104
,o. 914
97 . 098
9:l, 544
-----5,977
fi, 112
6,0W
l,73r,
2. 2fifi
97 ..5fi9
,5, 981
10!1, ,ilfi
i, 030
2. ,;,1
3.0:li
h'2~
G62
I. tl9~
10:1, 41:1
,\.'iHl
:1, flt, ....
2.W,
639
h,52
2. 0V3
2. 2fl2
11 3, f,40
12fi, 2R3
1:i:1, 5fifl
11. 23:,.,
i, 401
r., ,1 3
3. ,1ifi
1. 722
7, 9i0
:rn. i20
,i2, 221
40,0 12
7. 205
l , :rn;
f,,
035
2fil
.5, 29fi
fi.n,
3. ~22
:i,
1,029
'.l, ,,iR
- -3, 417
- -655
3, 39i
3,422
1.,12
I, 119, 20l
2, 14S
639
63S
2. 41,,
659
f,4[
2,S50
2, 1\19
6.1S
2. ·n;
m,1
474
1H2
f.lO
lii2
660
669
693
683
694
2..,s1
;:u
822
[4S, !~!
135. fif,0
1:11. 330
1:n.:102
130 ..599
117, Of..5
'·
(};·)~
3. ,,4
,5, li27
:1. lifi
11,, ,13
!i. ;,ti
1I(), 3SO
t12.~fifl
95, Oli
7f>.,68
54. 99
I , ,12 1
:l, i:{2
:i, ii.5
2, fi-lfi
2, 14i
l,092
464
'l, 1"4
2. 755
I, \194
l,309
I
~1=--
403
5j
3h4
53 1
4nt
1.102
1. 26h
1, :l40
l . 2fi~
l ..19 I
1. i2'!I
$7. ;J44
I, :34r,
1, 34i
I , 37h
I, 31'5
1, '297
384
I, 322
I, 5fil
1.024
7q I
6~
2\13
f,QQ
l , IS3
70b
725
July.
ll(jlo,
S<~ J"ltPtn I •e r
1120
Octohrr
i\..o,·1~n1ht-r.
l) pcC>m l,er.
_\ugu ,t
I. Ol 5
l , 277
$2,.111
I. 104
3, Qf,9
i, 033
11,116
10, 150
total.
M a rch .·
April.
)l ay.
June
8,932
ib
3i I
19:l.5
Janua rv.
Fehrua"r y.
], 807
.5fi2
-·
Febru ary.
March .
.\p r il.
:\ Tay.
Jun
4, 779
I
Januar y.
2
7, 137
2. 2il
2, lik
2.3 H
2. 2S4
2,2:!5
I. .)18
1934 - total.
99
2,442
July .
Au g us t.
September .
Oetohn
OYrmher.
D ecember.
Ho
REP ORT O .\' PH.OGRE S O F T H E W PA PROGRAM
relief ic; gre:1 ti)· in nuenced b)· th e nmounts of
fund s m :1de n ,·nilablc t hrou gl1 tatc and local
financifl l pn!Yision .
Admini s tratin polirie, "·ith r espect to eligibility of empl oya bl e s in gle persons :md families
benefiting under otlwr progn1ms or from priYate
ernploym en t l1a ,-e their effec-t in t he ar ea . to
whi c h th ey a ppl)· - P:1 ym ent of un employm ent
eompen, n tion henefi ts tends someKh a t to reduce
at t li :1t sea son of th e _venr. Th e l'fkrt of unemploym ent , ho\\·eve r. li:1,- hee11 muc-h less m,Hked
in som e :1re:1 s thnn in o tlwrs. Thi ;; is pa rtic-u\arl)· tru e of th e South \\-here mos t s tates give
little or no aid to fnmili C's with employ:1hi e
1wrsons ; in t hi s reg ion lirni ted fu ncl. h:we kept
th e gen eral relief lo acL rel:1 t iY ely lo\\- n.ncl man?
needy families rereive n o form of nid except
surplu s cornmod iti e.. In oth er nrea s gene ral
T AB LE
.5cJ'I
-
EA RNI N , s OF PERSO N !-- E~ll'LOYED ON FEDER A L iY O RK AND C' ONST R l'C-T I ON PROJE CT S A ND P .,nlEN 'fS
F O R P c BLI C RELIEF , BY PRo c:RA ~1 s '
:lf ON TII LY- J A,-; L<RY 1936 TO J t' NE 1939
!In th o11sa n<l sl
O t he r
\""\' orks Pro!? ress
Puhh c " 'orks
Arlministrn ti on
.\dm ini s trnti on
F e u eral
Na t io nal Youth
.\ ct minis trati on
\\·ark a nri r ons tru c ti o n Projer t~
Year aod ~l on th
Othe r
Ferleral
agen CY
project~
W PA opera ted
pr oject !-
s 1. 592_ o:m
1931>- to tal
2'12. 03,'l
Janua ry
2flfi. -H-0
February
27 l. fi,'l]
270. 3fiS
266. 533
;;..r arrh
.\ pril
:l l ay _
June _
2fifi, 917
2fi5. 3fifi
121, fi21
Au ~ust
270, 0-16
125. Qf,S
2i2. 099
284. 111
28f>. 435
274,310
Se ptember
Octo ber
No\'emher
D cccm her
9iI
J<;ll
.
]l?
I
502
i 89
Jun e _
2H 203
JOii. 31\.~
227, 2~....
224, 386
91. fi90
S2. i7...,
~I. 14fi
', I. 3fi9
82. li34
219. 09i
2lfi. 4 m
2 17, iSI
No,.,. e mher
229. 9fi9
Rf), 47,1
3. 4~.\ S9S
I , 722.277
Jan uar y _
237, 2-14
Fehru ary
l\Iarch
Apr il
24.\ 8 19
203. 2m
2i3. 94fi
283. fi21
294. 3 !9
93. Otill
l03. 092
119. 693
13 1. 41 9
137. 9lfi
146. 06~
n eremher
~
to t a l
~ rny
Ju ne
J ul y
.\ ug:ust
Reptemhcr
Ortober
. ,,.oYemher
December __
29S. 9~9
307. 20r.
3 11. 029
320. 2,:1
32.i. Sfifl
324, 62~
l f> I. 4 lfi
lfi3, 37,
lfi4. 910
17 1. lfi2
172. 2.17
16i . 906
Janua ry
1'. . ehru:uy
Ap r il __ _
l\ l ay ____ . _
Ju ne ____ _
316. 326
310. I.Ii
318. 3i 2
309. 239
30 7,9 17
30 I. 384
"'- Ree notes on pages 150 52 for des<'ription of ,ht:1 inrluded .
BLess than ..~
155.RH
150. 290
1.17, iO ~
14fi, 340
140. fi4,\
133. 132
Stud en t
fund s
air!
W ork
project s
2, 574
2. •182
2. 729
2. 7R7
I
i, 0.\1
25, 456
19_ 7~0
I ~. 3i 0
Ii. 323
15. l f>4
fi, 490
24. 628
23. 240
2 1. 353
19. 246
14 . 168
15. 053
15. 09i
16. 64
15. 329
14 . 139
3. 132
2, 933
3. 029
J5Q, 213
20S. 0 13
2-1. 28i
32. 664
l !l. 1.57
12,S l 2
2, % 7
3 ,0 7
13. 2 4
12. S77
14 . 333
14.9ii
11. 603
12. Ofii
14 . ,,;Jf,
15. 411
3. 227
3. 3 lfi
3. 34i
3. 642
3. 245
3. 226
3. 19 1
3. 106
1,992
2.920
7. 300
fi. Oi7
f>. 128
4 . 2 7S
12.fif'i4
11. 639
11 .0i4
13. 232
13. 74 2 1
14 . 11 2
I
I
13. 31.1
12. 930
11.!lfil
JO, 33i
9, 41 3
7, 499
=1
$2f,. 55\l
9i . 3f>,\
fl, 29 ....
6. 000
:i, 70fi
6. 824
7. 9fifi
,_ r,o,
4. 293
4. 62 1
4. 749
4. 939
4. 9i 1
4. 9Sfl
I
3. :Ji4
2. 990
2,5, 107
2. fi2
3. 116
1. om
3. 123
I S. 722
17.fi"'7
3, 154
2. 924
13.844
12. 9~2
20. 450
20. 339
2, R72
12. 049
22, A7fi
i
342
2. 5 lfi
3. 122
4. i 6:l
4. 4ifi
4. ss,
6. I If,
7. 333
7, 452
2, 191
lfi4
2. lfi.\
2. 26:J
2, 429
'====I===
41 ..\HO
19,.\9
24.\,345
73. 041
20. 12!1
I ., i f>
20.fi54
20. ().Ii
I f. , 9-11
1,.\99
I, 9ii
2, 056
I. 3 I i
I. Oi O
1. 042
I . Oi 8
i. 919
If>. !.>!
13. 4,
11 . 9i l
Ii . 320
19. .\76
21. lfii
I. i~)fi
2. Jf,f,
2. 203
2. 2,55
2. 400
2,552
2. n."~
i . 193
9. 006
I . ,\.50
3• .1.-f>
23. 637
2 1. 282
2i. 299
24 .12i
22. gQr,
:?O. 282 I~
6
2 1I
I, 9SQ
2. 40,
3. iOI
3. 003
3. 930
4. 02'4. 193
4. 400
I . i 82
JG. 990
1, , .138
19. 1;4g
22. 3,9
2i. 3 19
2. 26fi
2, 4.li
2. 446
2. 494
2. 494
I . 93n
9fi l
,oo
7,241
12. 47~
14 . 9 fi
, . 01 H
, . 220
. 326
9. 070
10. or.4 1
11. 6fil
i . 658
iOfi
I. 53 1
i.li
I. i\73
I. 366
I. 313
2. 722
1. 099
3. 94fi
4. 274 ~
12. isl
13. On9
12. 003
15.
I ', 3s3
21,600
1. 03 1
3. 283
3. 2i6
4. 09,\
4. 206
I . 2W
oo,
2. 491
2. 34!,
/ ll )
11 .957
11 , 1.14
9. Rii
2..140
2. 249
1939
J\!a rch
R eg ul ar
- - - 1 - - - - - - -- -
17"
Jul y
A u ~u st
Septemher
October
193~
rn. 9fifi
114 . s:i,
1 lfi. O!i
I lfi. 912
11 3. S31
Fehru ar y
'.\larch
A pr il
gen cy
fu nds
20, 2R5
l.1 %.2fifi
Januar y _
E m er -
,rn
====I•=====
to t a l
:'l lay
12s.
135.
13i.
12fi.
F ederal
project-:
2 . 3
, !. JSR $249. , 55 $12 1, 2>,4 1 2.5_ 901
~I SO. OH
= = = - - - - - = = -l = = - = = - 1 -- 196
2, .J lfi
4. rn,
11. 354
7. n26
6.
l .06 t
2.i93
3. i 09
14, 253
7.223
.1. 931
153
2.
2.98fi
4.flll()
1
0,
16.
i.339
7 , r,i
2, 903
3. 190
,l .60fi
19. 494
~.014
12.920
SG6
2.
3,554
6.2.11
22.6 12
8.631
lfi.3fi3
3. OiO
I. 8•12
9.r,3 2
2.1. 062
9, 125
19. 2i4
134. 237
140. fii 2
14i 930
13~. , 34
130,24 1
124. 9~fi
Jul y
193i
XonFeol ersl
projrrt~
~
2fi
707
734
i, i
7, 3
2. 739
2. 7fif,
3. Oi.l
j
I
4.34i
4, 47 !
4. 4.1]
4. 3 18
4. 2H6
3. 993
i
147
F E DE R AJ., PROJ ECl'S A ' D PUB LI C R E LIEF
or cleln y the n ed fo r reli f 611 t has n o t been a
maj or fact, r in t his re p er t , I art ly henwse of
th e limit ed cl uni tion of t he bcneli t pr riods
" ·hicl1 seldom may rxceed 16 wee ks. D es pite
th e e ff ec ts of s uc h in fl uen ces a ha ve been
m entio ned , the 1111 tion al relicf to tals k w e n ece sa.rily been r esp onsi,·e to changes i.n ec on ornic
cond ition and in th e Yo lume of oth er relief
and employm ent ac tiYit ie .
T A BLE
5
\ \Then unrm pl,)ym ent hegan to moun t in th e
fa ll of 193 7 , the ge ner al relief progr am was tli e
fi rs t to h affe('ted . B e twee n O(' to ber 1937 and
F ebr ua ry J 93 gen ernl reli ef cases rose from
1,270,000 to nea rl y 2,000, 000. Tli e exp a n ion
in \ VPA employm ent " ·as slower in gett in g
1in d r way, but soon too k o ver a ronsicl ern hl e
sbnre of th e burd en . TloweYer, g n er al reli ef
ro lls remain ed high in the ea rly m on th s of 1938
B . -EA R N LNGS O~• P E R SONS E~LP L OYEO ON F E D ERAL W O R K .\N O
ONST R OCTIO:-.' P ROJECTS AN D P AY1I ENTS
FOR P UB LJ C H EL I EF', BY PROU RAW;- Co n Linu c d
i\ JONT I ILY
J \NT ARY 1936
TO J UNE 1939
ll n thousands}
Specia l ~rypes o f Puhlit . \ ss is tanc
1
Fe d era l Em e r ge nc y
R r lief .\ dministra-
General Relief
ti on
~pecinl
grn ms
Civilian
Pro-
farm
Rrrurit \
Conser-
AdminiS-
v11 tion
('o r ps
Old-age
ass is tance
A i d to
depenrlent
chi lc1 ren
Aid to the
b li nd
Relief
ex tended
~ l ier
I
ear nings
Transient
rel ie f
fhants
pduc-ation
$292. 3!)1
$!.55, 241
$49, 462
$1. SRO
$3. 74 '
$12.\
29. i92
i, 0 19
i, i l 3
3,523
3, i60
3. 79 ,
3,942
3,993
4, 221
884
9i9
1.019
I. 024
I, 045
1. 070
47. 921
46. -~-18
44. ,15.o
40. 070
34. 977
33. 184
328
194
189
201
77~
534
45
320
268
227
39
I 14
191
178
188
10
6
2
!Si
2
$12. 813
1931\--total.
I
1- - - - - 1-- - -- 1
28. I
2. 7,,
1.\
2, 5g;
J4
3. 1.11
2. 0 14
I. 307
94.1
24, , 5
22,575
24. 34
23, a!S
8. 2i3
9. 2-li
9. 902
JO, 609
24. 496
23. 629
20. 903
23. 133
24, 006
22, 94 5
13. Ooi,
14. 94 i
l6. 288
JS. 004
19. 363
20, i8
4, 254
J. ()t,2
4. 017
4. 212
4,379
4, .167
4, 797
1, l02
1. 122
I. 179
30. 831
29. 679
30. 057
30. 722
31. 934
36. 347
245. 7fi6
310. 441
i i . 253
16. l 71
406, 7t,
24, 4~5
24, 158
2 11 :t38
21. 228
21, 039
19. 3-16
21. 6•H
22. 535
23, 602
24. 361
24. 7.13
24.41 0
4,941
5. lOi
5. 378
fi. 496
5. 660
fi. i 40
] , 217
19, :334
19, 439
2.5. 799
2fl. 577
16,312
1 , 379
20,876
19. 912
~~:J}
29,626
1,3.54
I . 440
I. 464
1. 492
30. 69,1
5,896
6. 12,\
fl. 303
6, 55.1
6. ,5
7, 16i
I. .12-1
33. 981
41 . 243
2, 27"
230. 318
392, 341
97. 432
19. I,12
4i6. 201
22 ..; '-Ii
1, 144
l. Jf,3
I . 234
I. 2.59
I. 26,S
I. 279
l.:Jll
I. 329
37. AA9
39, 260
:l9. 786
IG3
140
II
12
12
229
,563
895
l. 14~
l, 367
1. 416
2. I 74
-HH
35, b94
96
40
20H
12,
27
12S
5, 484
3. 755
5,553
5. 260
3, 671
3,236
91
136
131
IO.I
,,
190
35. 74.I
30. 61.\
2S, 226
29, 01,I
29. 9,1.1
Y ear and ,\ l onth
tration
I Emer~t•nt)
I
··- I
30. 274
30. 72!!
I
January.
Febr ua r y.
]\[arch.
.\pril.
M ay.
Ju ne.
July.
A urnst.
September.
October.
November.
Decemher.
1937
total.
Januar y.
F e hruary.
!> l a rch .
April.
!> l ay.
Ju ne.
Jul y.
9•ll
I. 346
I. 197
I . 396
1. Ti9
August.
September.
Octo ber.
No,·emher.
DccemhC'r.
tota l.
1938
- - - - · - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1-- - - - - 1 - - - - - -,· - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - -
19. 9-10
19, 461
I , 336
l , 31 I
I • 0 14
17. t 74
19, 48
20, 334
18. 767
20, 367
20. :i l 4
19,252
31.186
31.403
31, 782
:12. 072
32. 319
32. 276
7.3,17
i ..172
7.874
7. 880
32. ~26
32. 915
33, 2.18
33. 61!\
3:J, 966
3"1. 723
I.SRO
46. 40-l
1..,98
47, 207
47. Iii
4 I. I 13
7, 987
1.629
l. .127
I ..136
I. 562
8. 013
I. 5o3
i. 8, 6
b. 300
S. 38S
8..104
\ 736
. 935
I . .\9,
I. fi!S
1,630
I. 6-18
1. 6116
2, 20.J
2,473
2, ,177
35, 079
9, 227
9. 392
35. 250
3.1, 343
3.5. 229
35, 82.~
9,491
(), 20.1
3.,. 191
9. 2&~
9..,fi9
I. 666
I. 679
I. 6~2
1, 6S7
1. fi~2
I. 694
F ebrua r y.
M arch.
.\ pril.
!> l ay.
37. 337
2,325
2. !.16
3R. 74 7
1, 7!i6
June.
35. gq,
36. 21 t
35. !Of,
34. 931
I. 2'Jl
1. 117
July.
_\ u gust.
1. 2.31
l , 49 2
I. 703
Se ptem ber.
October.
Kon~mhcr.
I rccmher.
36, lifl
IO. ~ilfl
2, 2fi2
~=·=====I====='====
20,642
20,689
18, 103
19, 97•1
20, 4321
18,637
January.
43. 679
4,5. 02fo
46. 43~
11. 13.1
39. o,r.
36. 914
2. 39 1
2,327
2, -rn2
2, 242
1. f,.'-,j
I. ~2
1\139
Jan uary.
Fchruary.
:l\ f arch.
.l pri l.
M a ,·.
June.
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAM
hecnuse f th e continued influx of the unemp loyed wh o lwd exhau sted t l1 <.' ir resources, and
throughout the _vea r the number of families
and single person aid ed r ema ined above th e
number for th e C'O JTe pondin g month s of 1937.
Some i.mpro,·eme nt in busin ess co nditio n. and
a relativ ely hig h lenl of \YPA empl oy m ent
assi, ted in reducin g the nurnbNs rece iYin g relief
in th e fir t half of 1939. Declines were particul rrrl _y noticeable in th e incl us trial ar eas of t he
~Iiddle Wes t which had sho,rn unu s ually large
in creases in th e previou year. Sh ortage of
fund con tributed to th e declin e in many a reas.
Limitation of tate and loca l funds tend ed to
prpvent the 1939 declin es in ,YPA employm ent
from inc-reasing mat erially in th e numb r rece iving ge neral relief in man~- area .
A nota bl e proportion of the re<"ipient s of
ge neral relief lrn,·e heen con C'en trated in a few
sta tes. The six states \\-bich in June 193L r ealiforn ia,
ported ruseloads of on:-r 100,000[llin ois, ~Iichiga n, ~ e"- Yo rk, Ohio and Penny lvania- accountecl fo r th r ee-fift h. of all families and ingle persons rec- ei,·ing general r li ef,
alt hough th eir populations represent onl)~ twofift hs of th e populat ion of t he U nit ed tates.
Furthermore, the concentration wa s even more
marked in ,Jun e 1939 when tlwse sta te together
reported 64 pen-ent of t he ~ at ion ' ge neral
relief recipienL de pite marked reduction s in
~Ii chigan and Ohio.
Payments to Recipients
Total payments made to recipient und er th e
Yariou relief a nd emp loyme n t programs, shown
by months in T able 5 A an d 5 B on pages
144 45 and 146- 47 , respectiw ly, were deter mined in part by the factors affect ing the number of recipient . Influence. of t hi s kind a re
revie"·c d above in connection " ·ith the recipient
dnta . Total pa~· ments are al. o a ffected h? th e
amounts paid to individua l re cipient . In th e
course of the y ears ince 1933, the total amo unts
to recipient increa , eel reb fo·e to th e total
unduplicated numher of househ old aided,
indicating that the avera ge payments increased .
General r eli ef, whir·h " ·as exte nd ed o n a
budgetary defi,·iency basis, re1 resented a maj or
portion of the total payment during the three
years ending in 1935. Throughout thi s period
wh en the FER.A wa m aking gra nts to tate ,
the a ,·erag:e monthly am unt of reli ef extend ed
per c-a e innea eel sub tantially a a r e ult, in
part at lea t , of the m easw-e taken by the
FERA to promote the p ayment of a dequ ate
ben efit . With the development in 193 .- of the
variou s spe<' ialized progr am o f emp loyment
and r elie f, payments mad e on a bud geta ry
deficiency ba i declin ed in relatiYe importan ce.
l\fore adeq uate payments "·er e m ade in the form
of e<'urit_\r \rnges on \\' PA projects. Th e expan ion of the F \Y...-\. and oth er F edera l ,vork
and con struction act ivitie also tend ed to increase a,· ernge pa_\·rnent . l\Iost of th_is employment \\·as provided through private contracto rs at pre,· a ii ing r ates of pay and hour of
work.
Th e total am o un t extended to r ec ipi ents of
reli ef and employme nt under all program s in
,Jun e 1939 \ms 3 percent high er than the total
for ,Tun e 193 de pi te the fact that th e number
of h ouse bold was 1 p er cent lower than the
orre ponding 19: figw-e. Th e difference reflect th e incr eased ,rnge r ate paid on Y, P ..:-\
project in so u thern states and the continu ed
expansion of em pl o_\rm ent on project fin a nced
from P,Y.A and reg ular Federal fund s.
The amount s pent for gen enll relief also increased slig htly wherea the numh er of cases
receiving thi type of aid decreased by 5 percen t between June 193 and ,Jun e 1939. In
this in tance th e increase in the awrage \\·as
attribu tab le in part at least to t he gr eat,er concentration of gen eral reli ef in tate where r elatiYcly large paym ent ar e chara cteri st ic.
In the co urse of th e year there wa cons id erable variation in the tate averages of p a_\rmen ts under the special types of public a sista nce progra m al th ough the month-torn on th ch a nges in the va.rious tate off et each
other suffic iently to leave th e national averages
fairly con tant . No ch ange occurred in the
averages fo r th e CCC sin ce the monthl~amounts s ho\rn for this program were estimated at ·70 per enroll ee throughout the
en t ire peri od of i ts operation.
Th e total am o unts pa id to rec ipi ent under
each of the different r eli e f and publi c empl oyment prog rams during ,Tune 1939 are hown by
tates in Tabl e 59. The tate data for the
general relief program and the three spec inl
A 1D P
FEDERAL PROJE CT
T ABLE 59. -
149
RELIEF
BL l
EAHNING S OF P EH,._o;-.,-; E\IPLOYED OX FED E H\L \\' oHK .\NO CONFSTHUCT I ON PH O.I ECTfS AN D
FOH PL' BL I C HELI E!', BY STAT E >i AND BY PHOGHA~I S A
P AY ME:-/TfS
!In thousands!
,r ork s Pr ngn•:,.s
Grand
T ota l
ta te
Ot lw r
Fed!'ral
agrncy
p rojects
\\"PA ·
01wra trd
project s
Farm
SC'curit y
Oe neral Admin isR elief
tration
C'iviliRn
-
Other
'I'olol
Spreia l T~ 1ws or
Public Assis tancr
Ta tionnl Youlh
.\<! ministra ti on
.\ rlministrnt ion
Con sC'r -
..~ .. drral
ae:P ndes
\Vork
Studt•nt
p roject s
a id
,~ation
Cor ps
Aid to
Old•a~c depend·
e nt
assistchildn•n
ao cr
<1rnnts
Aid t o
lhl'
hlind
1
.1 $3CH,38·1 $2 19,097
$ 113. 132
$7, t52
"rn
3,\11\1
1,·128
'.?. X,'l.~
19,209
3. 888
~. 1\53
l .ll7 1
2. r,,11
IO, ~r.,
2. 4.,o
1,,;r,
41,
r.o
53
1.\1
193
1. Sill
6,422
1. 232
Sfi4
202
!02
I
9~
23
g
i9
I. 030
39!\
33r,
2,994
779
1:\2
31
10
28
4. 2, 2
1,09!\
C'on nec ticut
3, 90H
I. 550
170
2, ,LJ !)
3, .\(i3
- ,,3• I -1
!02
111
998
1~2
I , 35,
!\52
56/\
51
.
Delawa re
Dis tric t of Colu mbia
F'lorid a
Georgia .. ____ _
2, 90
39fi
H
3
Idaho ............ .
Illino is
Indiana
rowa
K a nsas
I . 207
L"nited S tales
Ala bama
.l ri zona ...
.-\ r kaa sas
,a liforni a
,olorad o
21, ~119
8, 00/\
1, 1411
3, 11 0
Kcntu ky
Louis ia nn
..
~! sine
1\1 ar yland _
2,243
2, Rfi4
3, -IO.,
9 14
11,82 1
.1, S l7
~: ;;; I
4. 4Jg
3, 95:,
3, 8i9
I. 539
2,728
:J, 20 1
1. no~
2,000
:\fassachusetts
14, 35
9,842
_
1\fi cbiga n
:\f inn eso ta .. ····--·
1\ 1ississi J?Pi
12, 74 3
9,601
J\fissouri
, , 513
s:
?
_
12 I
0 1·>
I
:: :::
M o ntan a
l\'ebrns ka
cvada ___ _
~ew Il amps h irP
~ew Je rse y
,. C'\\" 1 lexiCo
4, 9 19
2, G94
,\, 948
2, 11 8
2,301
428
3.,9
I. 384
10, i II
I. 263
1.m,1
' · 10/\
l, 106
l\'ew Y ork _
l\'o rth Carolin a
' orth Da kota
Ohio .
Oklahoma
:J7, 1,4,
:l,Oltl
3. l~f,
..
Orego n
P('nosyh-ania
Rh ode Island
outh Ca rolina
Sou th Dako ta
2. 337
2-.. . ,,.~
2, 3J.\
3, I>,2
I , 7fi2
I. f.9I
3. R21
! , MO
19. 1)73
1.\,0.\!\
17,922
I. ',1 9
2, h,5-1
I , l !\3
178
180
170
1, 9!\l
10.\
14~
4-11
11. 181
4, 130
I . 347
I. 271
139
26 1
2,231
1, 034
!\
50 l
iO
26
2. 215
I. 820
31111
201
907
778
12 1
35
37
IO
f-.f,2
fl. fi2-1
253
;, 190
3. 300
3.,11
438
859
2, 274
10 1
12
21
11~
127
1.\0
1.475
42
!02
1. 322
3,930
.in
7B
I , 049
.\0
175
900
I. 297
113
r,
669
240
561
2, 196
94
42,i
2,
.,, 15/\
320
.,9
49 1
15. 3,,
482
1.
I
62fi
ll , 914
2. 1n
93!\
11, 78'11
I. 407
679
!iH2
IO I
7~
I IS
~-
mg
S-17
81\
22 1
76
774
!SI
76
1811
71
2 ..,48
l , 0(H
C If,~
c w;;
4, 117
19
32
.~.,2
9
10
3
I. 037
4fi0
C fi2
42,
159
20
43X
230
50
C 41
2-l
15
112
84
6
22
C 27
2
12
29
100
16
201\
2
14
2fi
1119
1. 6.,9
l , 2.1'-i
Si3
I . 3fiH
17;'}
·l.i2
I , 372
14 !\
18
21
4
7fi3
lfiO
I , 42,,
C g[
91;,
1-1
63
44
11 2
4
40,
62
3
2
20
i
!03
;
Hi7
52
17
40
5 15
.17fi
16
14
98
7
174
I, 389
3
].\
5;,
65
28
9. 8 17
10
l4
1311
13
44
330
s:l
.5, , 92 1
I. I 18
43.,
, 11
14!\
25
I , 9 12
173
41 3
9ii
47i
4, 111.\
823
749
23
217
4l
81
140
16
I. 066
2,031
4 9!Y
ll2~
5,348
2, l-1 2
7, i39
7fi.l
629
11
11
350
20
2,079
li79
S7
I.OH
,9
130
33
37'1
9
s
I
lfi!i
l,0.'-1;1
2 17
·12
23
9638
8 4!\
fi3~
2, 5Hh
3 13
144
2. 62-1
I. 200
20
149
·124
1.04.,
7'1
373
I. 7:\1
130
12
23
2·1
31
106
22
;
28
12
31i
C"
3.5
43
4
177
22:i
I
218
I
t.
.,oo
1.,s
81
(h)
!\\)
124
20 1
27fi
280
I. 672
283
33
·1,,9
~"
l32
270
336
859
246
1,7:!0
12.,
HR
41 1
202
70
1,000
ii3
7i
31
l7fi
I
Ill,
11
23
416
gs;
152
15 1
41 8
4S
71
22
E el udes medical C'are amouori og to, 7,000 bC'eause tlw number of cases rec('h~ing thi s typt'.' or aid only is not a,·ailable.
11
17
(8)
67
Sec notes on pages 1.\0·,\2 for d esc r iption of data incl u<l <'< I.
• L ess than $500.
ill
510
27
10
:ifi
33
4011
31
4
520
A
0
IO
l0
927
c E s timated.
tH
420
11
iI
\ l' yomin~
Ii
59
5
411
'"
3. 101
lofi
207
114
69 1
so
:lfl
222
33
I. 11.,
3,
lfi2
90
4
311
17
1,
3r,
23
8•1
12 1
3:
s
8
2i
24fi
Ii. l 31~
3, .,.11
r,g
80
33
5, 0
143
390
3 tf>
2-14
308
2. 23 ,i
,58
83
fi8
28
2,085
\\. isconsi n
70
89 1
41 8
228
2·11
20
Hli
572
237
\\" ashin~IOD
\\·est , ·irgin ia
I Ii
311
JI
884
l , 4aY
4,007
.,
34
114
17
3l
,,t
30i\
61.
•II
90
II
3·1
l i !\
17
22
32
250
3, 3S0
,1HH
!03
12
52
110
7, 197
1,051
134
3, 75fi
3, 7•1B
9, 03f,
I , i\,"
' ·"" ..'"·'"
,s.e.s
3, 218
1'eooessee
Texas
l1ta b
, ~ermont
\ ·irgioia
n di s trihut ed hy
..
....
s ta tes
2:l. 62'
3,303
I, 120
l !iH
fi~7
1. 7,52
I·
I
1
38
70
78
31
I, 492
II
137
C
!i6
36ti
i , 43,
CI
C 2~7
28
.54
10
4
20
c 22
104
5
3
ll
102
30
n 170
I
9
2-14
62
3
60
2
82
3
14
112
45
4
912
2G
.1 .... _\
(•)
:l\J
9
150
REPORT 01' l'HOGHE S OF T H E WP .\ l'l-tO <:J'L\ 1\l
l)' IH's of puhli r nssistanr-r ndmi ni s((' r<'d 11 nd cr
tliC' :-;o('ial ~<'c-11 rity . \ ct 1n'n g rr:i tl~- infl 11<'nced
h~- loC'nl difr!'n'n<·rs in liYing- rosts a nd t li e
:1 d l'q1 1:u·y of slate :rnd ] o(':1 1 f1111ds. l)ifrcrrnc·l's in \\' P.\ mont hJ y src 11rity ra rni1ws :111d
in prp1•:1 iling lo('al 11·~1~:C' mtr~ wr rr fnc to rs
:t frt,d in g lhr slate data fo r t he t' mpl o_v mcn t
pl'llg l'll lll S.
N o tes on Co vera ge and Source of Data
Th\' l'1'l1111,1.krl 1111clu plicall'd lot:,! 11u111lil'r" of hou <'holds a11rl per,-,011:-,, rli:-,c11ssl'cl in pn'tl'di11g pagl'" a11d
,-;ho\\ 11 logl'llll'r \I ilh amo1111b rl'tl'in' ci i11 Tableo .,.')
thro11!(h :i\l, 111t'iud\• n,cipie11l. l>c·11l'fili11g 1111<k·r the
folio\\ i11µ; progra111 :-, and agc11til',-;: 1,; llll'rgl'llt1· relief
li11a11c·t•rl i11 part frorn Federal l•: 111L·rgl'11c·.1 Ht•iid Ad111 i11i ,-;lrnt io 11 fu 11d,-;; gener al re lid. i11tludi11µ; oulcloo r
pour n· lid, fi11a11l'ed from s tate ,1.11d Iota! fu 11 d "; ~11 li,- islt·11t1· '(rant, 111:td1· by the R\•,-;\'t tlement ,\ d 11 1i11i s lra lio11 :t11d ib ,-;11tc-l',-,,-,or, the Farm S\•c·urit _, .\ d111i11i,-,trntio11; lht • thrL'\' , pt'!'ial type:-, of pulili!' a,-;,-;i,-,l:1.t1\'l' (old-age
a,-;,-; 1,-;b111·\·, :tirl to tlw l>li11d, ,111rl aid lo cl1·1H·11de11l
t hilrln •11J \I h1c-h, from Fehrnary 193ti . ha\\' lieen
li11a11c·('d i11 part from F ecll' ral fund, u11cl,•r thl' Soria!
011:-,c•n·a(io11 'oq,,-,; the
S,-eurit~ .\ ('(; th,· C11·ilia11
Ci,il \\' orb Proµ;rn111; th e \Y ork ,-; Progn •,-;,-, .\ clmi11i,-,trati1111; tlw Nat11,11al 'Louth Ad111i11i ,-; (ratio11; tlw
PuliliC' \\'o rk" Admi111 ,-;t ralio11; ,wd 1•111pl".' ""'11( 011
all olht·r \\'ork a11d to11sln1clio11 projr(•t " li11,u1l't'd i11
T i,,, l',-; li111atrs
ll'ho l1· or i11 part frn111 Fedl'ral fund,-,
do 110( 111cl11rll· i11 ,-, t1t11tio11al earl' and tlw d1 ,-, tri\)ll[io11
of s 11rpl11 ,-, c·o 1111 1111dil1L•s, nor arl' tlw rL·g1ilar c·rn1,-;(r11tl1011 ,u-ti, ili,,,, "f s late and \cl('a\ go1·c·rn 11 1t•11t s that arl'
carrn·d 011 "1t h1111t F1·d e ral '(r:wb-111 aid c·o, 1·rl'rl i11
tll<' 1·on1po,it, · total:- . Thi· ,1·o p,· of th,· c·o111pila.tio11
h,t-- 110( l1t·c·11 ,,,t,·111l<·cl l o i11cl11rl1· tlw proµ;r:u11,-, "lwrl'ln·
rnr:d n •halii litalio11 loan,-; han• l1eL•11 mad, · 111 thl' Rl:sl'ltl1·1111·11l a11d Far111 8 CCll ri(y ,\ d111i11i s t rai 1tH1 ,-; a11d
\lllt•111plo _11111·11t eo111p1·1rnatio11 and old-age· lw11l'li( paylll1·11 t s 1m1.clc• through th e in su ra11c, prugralll s of the
So!'ial :--,•c1 tr1l,y Board .
T l11 · sc·o pL· or l ht· data for each oi l h1· sen·r:1.l Federa l
,·111plo.1 11 H·11l :wd p11lilic relief program ,-; i" rt ·\ it·wed 1>1
aµ;1' 11!'ic·, i11 (h(' noks that folio\\'. 011! _1 tlw c011tiL111nc·1dal l ntll'd Sta((>, i,-. cu ,·e red in c•ach i11 ,ta11c·1·
plc111111·11( and \'arnings figurc•:-, for F\·d,• r :d \\ork and
c•q11,-; (rn!'t ion pro11•l'l,-; to1·(•r all "ork1•r:-, l1ol h r<'lid and
nonn•liPf, if s11l'h a rli ,-, (incti on i,-; made. Adn1i11i · (r:1.liH!
l' lllplo_11•1•,-; :l.r(' 1·,c·l11dNl throug l1011l . l ' nlt•,-;s ot ht·r\\ ise
s pl'c·ili,·d th e \ \"P .\ is the se urce of tlw rial a.
Both llw ho11sPholrl and tlw per,-,011 p,-;(i111ate,- arc
l>a,-;c•d 011 data rl'portcd for t lw progra111,-, adjusted to
elin1i 11:1.te the d11plicatio11 ll'hith ari ses fro 111 th e fact
that in tll!' cours\• of any gin·n month Hllllt· hou se ho ld s
(or p1•r,-;0 11 s) rctei, ,· aid thro11gh 111on• tha11 one· program . .\ llo\\a11cT for rluplicalio11 lietween programs is
requin·rl in s uch cases as that of a \\' PA 11orker recci,·-
i11g g(•11c•r:d relief to s upp lement his \YPJ\ rarni11gs o r
that of a f:u11il1 s11 pporlPrl chiefh· b, ib \\'P A \\Orker
but aici<-cl ,1.bo through llw ~ Y:\ . or .CCC' Pmplo,n11c'11t
D 11pliC'as uppli,·d to a1111tlwr 111c• n 1licr of the fan1ily
tion licl\\l'l' t1 proµ;r,1.1 11 ,-; is ,-;o m tirnl's (1•ch11ic·al in natu re,
a resu lt of (,h t• fad that a ss istance or work may lie provided d11ri11µ; part of a m onth unde r 011<• program and
during th( • n· 111ai11dC' r of the sa m e mo11(lt 111 1dN ano t her
prug ra 111 ; th is t _,· pe of duplicat ion a ss 11 11l\'S i111 po r t::111t
proportio11 s at erlai11 ti 111e s, as, for l')o.a 111 p lc, i11 th\' fa ll
of 193 -l .
A third kind of duplieatio11 would 1,p preRen t if th e
recipient total , rl'porll'd for t"·o of the program~
\\'\'re usc•d d1reetl~ as a m easu re of tlw number of ho11seprogramholcb . I 11 t lw c-a"c' of 011\' of t hrse- llw '
a "mall ad.1u s t 111<•11t b req11irecl li1 ·,·au"l' of i11s(a11c-es
of more lhal! 011c· meml,pr from
of l'11roll1111•11t i11 lhl'
a hou ,-,e holci. Si 111ila.rly, th e rl'porlcd n1 11 nh!'r of
recipient s of olrl-,tgc• assistance m us( lw adjusted bc•ca u sc i 11 C'1· 1·bi II s tates it is rcq 11 ired that s<' parn(l
g ra n t s lw 1n:tdl• lo husbands and wiveH w he n IJo lh a re
e li gib le t o recvin• old-age assistance.
l · 11d11plicated totab of ho11sehold s and of 1 t> rso11,-; are
prl'sc- 11ted for each of the month o i11 thl' 1933 . 9 period
011!~ 011 a Nation -\\ id< · 1,asis. The allo\\ "ll('l'R for duplieatio11 i11 c·c•rtain i11 s (:1.11C'es were base d 011 sampll' i11fornmtio11 "hic-h "as li<,Jievecl to be adc·q11alc· 01111 for
111ahi11g adj11stmc11ts i11 totals for tlw countn . S11C'h
i11fur111atio11 is 110( s uited for u e in adj11,-;(ing i;1cli1 id11al
state lig11n•:-, l>l'ra• 1se of the cxi tente of "icle , tLriat ion
L' n cl I' pl icated s t at\' t ota l
a 111 011g t It!' d iff pren t states.
ro11HL' (J Ue 11tl .1 ha,·r not been clcvc lopl'd.
T he· 1111dup liral1•d est imat es \\'Cl'<' prepa red by t he
Social Sc·clll'i(y B oa rd and the \\' P A . D u pl ical ion
\I itl1 i 11 ( h!' th rt•(• s pec-ial (ypl's of pu Iii ie :1.ssist,,11('\' (o lclagc· assi,-;(,1.11c·1·, :1.id to t he b lind, a 11 cl aid to dc- pc11de11t
C'hildn·11 1 a11d hl'l\\C'C'll the c program s a11d general
relief for 11101dh,-; ,ulisc•qu<·nt to .J1111e 193ti 11a,-; ps(i111al!'d h _, tlw Di, i,io11 of Public .\ s,-;ista11ce H.\'sea rch ,
Soti:il Sl•c11rity Board. A ll otlwr adjuslme11ts for
clup liC'alio11 \\l' l'l' pn• 1mrecl i11 acC'nrdance with mdhod s
clrvrloperl Ii_, t lw D i, is ion of i:ltatis tics and the D i,· i~ion
of Researeh of the \Y PA .
0
Work s Prog ress Admini stration
E1111il"!ll'I'-': l)ata n·pre~r11t a,·eragl' we k l~, rm pl o_vme11t d111·111µ; tlw l'alc-11dar lllonth 011 proj('ct~ fina11c·l'cl
:--eparate figures are s ho \\ 11 for
from WP A f und s.
\\' P A-o p1•rnkd project ~ and for \\'P A-ti 11a11ced projl'ct
opera.led i l_1 o( her F'C'deral agencies.
. l 11101111/ s: I )ata rc•prpscn l total earnings a s s ho\\·n
011 pa_n olb e11di11g during th!' C'fllt'll(lar 111rnith of
as
persons e111ployc<l 011 \YP A-fina11 ·ed project
clcscriiJL'cl aliol'e.
Public Wo rks Admin istration
E111 p/,, ,,11'.,: D ata represe n t a,·cragr " ·rrk l_,· employment duri11g the 1no11th eucling 011 the• 1,-l(h of t he
FEDERAL PRO J E 'T
s pecifil.'cl mo11lh 0 11 project s fi11:uiePd i11 "hole or i1 , part
fro 11 1 P \\' A f1 1111b.
• l 11w1wl s: J )ala n ·prese 11l total ,·ari1i11µ: s s lw" 11 011
projed p:t~rulb L'11<li11g "il11i11 lhP afore111,•11lio11ed
mo11lltl .v period of p e rs on s ,·mplo ., ,·cl 0 11 t lw P \\" A
p rojects :1~ descrii>ecl :Li10,·,,.
f:fou r ce: Bt1re:t11 of Labor ~tali s (ic~, l )i,·is io11 of Constru ction a11d P ublic l•: 111ploy 111e11t.
Civil Works Program
R111ploycrs: l)a(a reprcsc 11t th e 1111mbl'J' of p l.' rs ons
e mplo_,ed 11 11cler (he ,iYil \York s Program d11ri11g lh e
pc:1k week of the cale11clar 111011th i11 ,·al'h s late .
. \ 11w 1ull s: l )ala repres 11l the (•s li 111al e rl amo1111l of
c :1r11i11gs d11ri11g llw l':tl 11dar mol'lh of person s c mplo.1·,•cl 11nckr Lhe CiYil \\' orb Progra m .
Other Federal Work and Con struction Projects
E111µ/oy ec.,: ]) ala repres e11l av c ragl' weekly emplo., ·mc11( d11ri11g th e 111 011th e11cli11g 011 th e , .-,th of the
spec ifiNI 11 1011th 011 11/h cr \l·o r k a.11d ,·011slr11clio11 proj,•l'l~
fin:rncerl in "hole or in part fro111 l•'l'dl'r:tl f1111cl s.
T hesl' i11cl11ri<- projec-l s fi11a11el'd fron1 HYC f1111,b; from
f1111 d s approp r iated or :1llotkd lo ag,•11ci,•s ollwr than
WP /\, NY A . P \\' A . ,wd CCC, 1111rler the l~HA Ad , of
193.\ J!l3 (i, I 937 , a11d I 93t-:; a11cl fr" 1, 1 regu Jar Ji'l'dnal
ap p rn pri a ( io11 s , incli1di11g li'l'dl'l'al-:1id higl111 :t,I' f1111d s .
• I 111011111 ,: D ata n' \HL'se11( total 1·ar11i11gs s how11 011
project p:i_nol l~ ending " ·ithi 11 llw afo rl' rnc·11lio11l'd
m o11 l h ly pl'!'iod of perso 11s l' m plo.n •d 011 llll' Fcdl'r,il
agl.'11<:·, projl'cl s as de,criill'ci :tilo\'l•.
Sou r ce: Bureau of Lahor :-;(a.ti s lil' s , l )i,·is in11 o f
Co11s lr uctio11 :1.11d P11hlic 1,: ,11pl oy n 1l'tt1, Ja1111:1r.,· Hl36
to clalP . 1) :1,(a fo r mo11ths prior Lo .J anuary l 93fi ar
part\_,. e~li 111alecl.
Notional Youth Administration
E111plo 11ce.,: D :i t a rl'presenL the rn 1m her of different
s (ud(•11l,-, (' lllployl'd u 11cl · r th l' s (ude11l aid pro g ram :ind
the 111 1111hc r of di fferl'11t perso11 s t•rnployl'd 011 NYA
wo r k prnjecl s cl11 r i1,g the calc11cl a r rllllltlh .
. \ 111fl1tnl s: D ata rL•preRe11( total e:trr1ings s ho\\'n n11
pa_n o lls ending during thl' month of s (ud C' n( aid n ·cipiC'11l s and of pers o 11s employed on NY A work projl'd s.
Civilian Conservation Corps
J,;w nllee.s: D ata for t o tal l ' 11ilPd :-;(ates repn's(' 11t
a,·l•ragl' 11H>11th ly enrollment (i11c l11di11g C'11roll nw1tl of
l11 dia 11s). :-; t a[{' data r pr 'Sl'lll (•111·0 \l nwnl a x of the
la s t clay of l hl' 1110 1,th IJy s tall' of rl's ide11C( ', "ilh the
except ion o f I 11 dia11 L'11roll11H'11l for which th(• 1no11lllly
ave rngc b_v slalC' o f L't11ployllle 1,l is 11 st•cl .
. l 111n1ml.s: D ata arr eornp11lcd from a, l' r:tgC' lll 0 11lhly
enrol lment and e 8li 11 1alcd a,·l•r:1ge 111onlhl y l>cnefits of
AX)) Pl' BL IC HELJEF
:370 pn e nroll( •c•. TlH' cli s lrillllti o 11 o f the
:-,t:t( •s total by s l:t(l' of rt•s id e ntl' is " "l,i111atcd .
Sou rer: Ci,·ilian '011st•n a(i o 11 'orps .
151
llni tcd
Spec ial Typ es of Public Assistance
Heciptl'11l s: D :cla rL' pros enl the • 1111mber o f rc•(·rpil' nts
i11 s latl- s which g ranter! :c id u11 d ('f' lhl' lilies of thl'
el prn,· idi11g for olcl-agl' ;cs:-sis (a11Ct',
:-;ul'i:d :-;l'turity
aid lo lite· l>lincl, :wd aid lo dcpc11cle11l cltildrc 11 , a11cl th e
1111111i>l'r of re cipiC'nts of s imilar t _1· pt s of a ss is l:tttl'l' in
s tales 1101 parlicipati11g unrl C' r lhl' ac·l; ll w lalln ,1rL'
p:1rll~ l's t1111alt-d for all m o 11(hs. Rl'eipi(•nls o f ti ll'
tirs l t\\u t ., pes of :,id 111:1., rclall' lo fa,nilil' s, co11pll's, or
s i11µ:lv 1111:,llal'hl·d i11dh·idu a ls , depc·11ding 01 1 s la.lt'
For llH· aid (o dcpe 11dc11l c·hilcln•n prog1·:1111 ,
pr:ic-liec•s.
dat :1 rl'prt'sL'11t l11v 11u 111 lwr of farnili< •s n·cei,·i11!( :tirl .
Progralll s for aid to cil-pe11de 1t1 chi ld re11 \\'c•r1 · 11ol
npl'rat in!( \\'ith 1-'l'deral pa rticipalio11 dminµ; .J 1111(' 19;39
in Co1111,•c-l ic11(, Ill inoi s , I owa, l,enlur·k ., · , i\ l iss iss ippi ,
Nl·,·,ul:t, :-;oulh l >:, kota, or Te xa s ; 1,or pn,gr:1. 111, for,iid
lo tlw hli11d i11 llli11ois, i\ l issouri, N,, \'ada , Pe1111 s yh·:wia,
or Rhodl: i ,- la11d .
. I 1110111,t .,: D ata rl'JJl'l'Hl'111 ohliµ:alio11 R i11c11rrl'd fro111
FedL' ral, s (:1((' and h ea l f1111d s for r ach mo1 1(h for tlw
lhrt'L' s p l' c-ia.1 lypl's of a ,s is la.n ·t· i1 1 s (atL•s adrni11i s ll'ri11g
lh l' s pl'c-ial lyp(•s of ass i,., la11CL' 1111cll'r llw :-;oci,d :-;ecurily
Act . a11cl pay ml' 11\ ,- frn111 t a te a11cl local f111Hls in s late s
lkgin11i11g \I ilh
act
1101 p:irlic-ipali11!( 111HIL-r th
.l1ily 1937, data i11cltu ll' relief in kind, p:1._v n H•11( s to
ph _1·s ic-ia 11, for 11wdical l':l.re , and other ilt'n ,s "hic-h a n ·
D ata 011
l<'ederal fund s.
11c,l rl'i 111 h11 r,-;ah ll' fro111
ass is fa11c·,· µ:in•11 i11 s tat<-,- 11ot p:1. r licipati11g u 11de r llw
:wt an• partly L's li m alcd for all n1011lh s.
S1111 rce: D i\'i , inn of P ublic Ass is tance Re~earch ,
Social :-;l'curity Board.
Gen eral Reli ef
tfrnpi('ll/ s: D :tla 011 tlw 1111mlll'r o f l' llll' rge 11c., reli l' f
ca, ,·s for llw p<'riod J\l33 3.i n ' pn'se11( llw 111 1111 1>\'r of
difl\·re 1ll f,1.111i lit•s a11d s i11µ:le \K' rHon s n'tl'i\'inµ; \\O r k :wd
din·ct n •lid al :wy time during thl' t:tll'11dar 111011th
11 1,der l11,• gc11e ral rL' Iid progra rn of s l:ite n nd lol'al
(' lllL' rge 11cy rl'lid adllli11i s (r:i(io11s . Thi' ,•s (i n 1:tl l'd 1111 11 1hl'r of 011ldoor poor rL·lid l':tse s aidl'd Ii~ local :wt ltori ti(•s d11ri11g lhl' 111011th 1111der pn>, iHio11 s of (he poor
laws is s lto\\ 11 sl'pa ratC'ly for thi s period h11l aflC'r I 93:i
(hi s t~· p l' of relief is i11cludecl i11 th,· gl'11 e rnl relief
Data ot1 11011relid t· 111ploy111p11( rl' pres e11( ll11 •
figure s.
111 11 nht•r 11orki11g 011 1,;111,•rgl'llt_\' \\' ork Rl'lid P rog ram
project s rl11ring llw p,•ak \\L'l'\.. of lill' 111011th i11 ,•ach
All f!;l'lll'l':tl rl'iil'f r,·c-ipil'11( totals arl' p:i.rlh
, l:1ll'
e s timall'd for .J ,11,11ary through .Ju 11c 1933 a11d for
J:1. 11uar.1 193fi lo dall·
. \ 111 ,11111/ .,: D ata rl'prl's e11t ohligatio11 s i11c·11rred d11ri1,ii.
lhl' calc- 11cl ,1r 111011th for rl'li e f e,ll'11dc·d to c-a se s a11d
l'art1ings of 11011n•lid pPrs o11 s a s dl'sc·r ilil'd alio,·c· .
-""11 rr1•· April 193 7 l o rlale, l)i, is io11 of P11lili c:
.\ ss isla11c-c Research , Social Sec11rit., Hoard.
REPORT O?-." PHO<:l{ESH OF THE WPA PHO(:R.\M
Tran si ent Rel ief
Rural Rehabilitation (FERA)
('"-' .s: D ata 1-epn•s('11t the (•stimated 1111mi>t·r of
fan1ilit·>- and singk pcrso11s re C'iving tram,ie11t r,·lid
d11ri11g tlw calendar 111011th fru111 stat e and loca l enH'rgen<'.' relief administra( ions.
. 111101111/s: Data n·p rl'Sl'llt ol>ligatiu11s incurred cl11ri11g
tht• l'all'nclar month from F t·dt• ral , state , and local fn11cb
for (r:tnsien( relief <•xte11cled to eases hy state a11cl loc-al
enu·rgl'llCY rrlid ::uh11i11is(ratio11s. Data for (lil' first
sh nw11(hs of lfl 33 and for 111<>1iths subsequr11t to ,J11 11e
rn:3,·, an• partly Pstima(Pd.
Crrnes: l)ata rrprese11t (\l{' 1111111!,er of cases recei vin g
acln1.nces for s11bsistcnce o r ea pital goods during the
m onth. Data are partl_,· est i1n:t(l'd for m onths begi1111i11g with .July 193.i, \\'hen (his program \\·as transferred to th Rt•settl(• m c11t Aclminis(rntion .
. ! 11101111/s: \)a( a r<' present th e :imo11nt of ol>li!,(ations
incurred d11ri11!,( tlw 111011tli for adn11H·(·s to case, spt•cified ahoH'. Data f<,r month, !Jegi1111i11g with .Jul y 193-i
arc partly esti m aled.
Farm Security Administration Grants
Emergency Education (FERA)
R1111il1111c c.s: D ata rl'prese 11t (hC' numlwr of different
perso1is ,•111ploy,•d dt1ri11g th, 111011th .
. \ 111111111/ s: D ata rl'prest11t the obligations i11curn•d
during t hC' month fur earnings of perso11, e mpl u_,·ecl 011
th program.
Student Aid (FERA)
8t11dcnt .,: Data repn•sen t thC' nnmhC'r of cliffen•11t
s(11cl(•nts C'lllployC'cl during th mo11th .
• I 111111111/ s: D:1t:1 rl'prrsp11t oi>lig:1(ions i11c111-r<·d cl11ring tlw month for rarni11g,; of s tudents rrnplo_,(•d 011
the progrnm .
Ora 11/ \ ·011ch ers Certified : D ata n·prcscnt the 11('(
lllllllhcr of (' lll('r!,(Cncy grant \' OlJ(;\l('rS cntified by the
Farm Sl'tt1rity Adm inistration (fo rnwrl y the R csC'ttlcment Adrni 11islratio11). Orcli11aril_,· only one g rant
voucher is c •rtified per 111011th for a µ:i,·cn case. Beginning in April l fl38 tllC' 1111111\wr l)f cases receiving
comrnoditirs purchaser\ and distrihukd by the r-'arn,
Security Adn1ini ,tr:1ti o11 is includ ed.
• I nlf11111t .,: Data rl'prcsC'nl the net :imclllnt of cmergcnc_, g rant ,·011che r, certified d11ring the month for
subsistence pay,ncnts to cases as described abO\ c.
Al so inc lud rcl i:- the ,·al11e of com1noditics di,:;tributccl
by the Farm Security Admi 1ii:-tratinn during th
call'1l(lar n1011th .
8n11 rce: r-'arm Security .\ dmi11istrntio11.
APPENDIX
TABLES
LIST OF TABLES
P age
l.
11.
lf I.
l V.
V.
V I.
V T!.
Expbnatory ote. __ _
_ __ ---------N11 1n h r of Pe rsu 1rn Emplo.n ·d on \\'PA -Operated Proj ec ts- W e kl y,
Augu st 1935 to .J11 ne 1930 _
N11rnber of Perso 11 s l~rnplo .1·(•d 011 WPA -Operatcd Projects, b.1·
States Q11::i r tPrl_1·, l) cc1' 11 i!Jt'l" 1935 to .f 1111l' 1938 _
Numbe r o f P e rso11s 1...: 111pl oyed o n \\' PA -Opt'l"ated Proj ect s and
\\"P A- Pi11a11ced Prujl'cLs of Other l<'edna l Age ncies, b _v f,;Latcs(l11arl e rl .1·, Septcrnhc r 193, to Ju11 e 1939 _ _ _ _
N1 1111 hcr of Pcrn u11 s l•:111pln_vcrl un \\' PA- Fi11 a 11cccl P rojects of Other
[ccdcral A[!;e 11 cics, h.,· States and IJ y Age ncies Jun e 28, 1939
, tatc Di s trilrnt i,rn s of WPA \Vorh· rs , h:• Age :-rn11ps, IJy Si ze o f
Parnilies, and b _,· Duratio11 o f 1,: rnpl o:· mc nt- F e bruar.1· 1939
N 11mbc 1· of P e rsons E111pl oye d 0 11 WPA-Op cralcd Proj ec t s, by
States and b:· l\Jaj o r T y pes of P roj cct s- J111 1l' 2 1. 1939
Perce ntage Dis t ributi on nf Persons r,: mpl oyl'rl 011 \\' PA-Operated
Pruje ·ts , IJy States and h:· Maj,1r T,· pes nf Proj ects Ju11 c 21,
1939
VTlf. Stat11 s of Fund s undn All ERA Acts Co mhin ecl anrl und e r the
la: RA Act of 1938, IJ .v Agenci es- th ro ugh .J1111 c 30, 1939 __
IX . Expe 11clitures of All Age 11 cies a11d of th e \\' PA 11nde r the ERA Acts
of 1935, 1036, I 937 , a nd I 938 , b y States ::i 11d b:· Fi s cal Y ca rsth rough .Ju11 e 30, 1939 __ __
X . H o u rs a11 1 1...:arnings of P e rsons Empl oye d
n \\" PA-Opera te d
Projects, IJy Sta t s a 11d IJy Fi scal ·Yea rs- throu[!;h .J11n c 30, 1939 _
Xf. Expenditur s on \\'PA -Opl•rall'd Proj ec t s, hy T y pes of Projects,
h.1· Sources of l•' 11nds , a nd br Obj ec t s o f l~x pc nrlitmc- Cumu la ti,·c
thro 11gh .f11ne 30, I 039 _ _ _ _
X II. ExpL·11clitu res o n \\"PA -Ope rated Prnj ect.s, ]) _,. Tvpc·s o f Proj ects , b_,·
So urcL·s o f Fu11cl s , and b .1· Objects of l~xpc11clit1m~ Ye::i r Ending
Jun c 30, 1939
X II L Expl'nrliturcs o n \\"P A-Opcratcd Projects , b:· Sta t es, b y Sources o f
F11ncl s, a 11rl by Objects o f Expc nditurc- C1 111111lati,·c through
.fone 30, 1939
X IV. ExpL'11rii t lll"L'S 0 11 \\' P A-Opl' rntl'd Proj cc t s, b~- Statcs, h _,· So urc es o f
Fu11cl s , and b.1· Obj ects of Expenditu re Y ca r E11di11g .Jun e 30,
1939
XV . Expc11clit11res of F edc ral a nd Spo11sors' Fund s on \\"PA-Op crated
Projl'cts , by States and b y Maj o r T ,v pcs of Project >< Cu n111l a ti1·e
through .Jun e 30, 1939 ____
XV I. F>q ll' 11d itml's pf Fed c ral a 11cl Spon sn rs' Fund s 11 \\'PA -Opera ted
Pro.i ce-ts, h _,· Sta.Les a11d b _,. Major T vpes of Proj ects Yea r J•: nding
.f tlll l' :30 , 1939
X\' ll . SL·il'c tcd l tc- 1n s o f Ph .,·sical Accu 111pli s h 111 e 11l on WPA -Opcrakrl
Projl'C'ts , l,_1· Statc~ through J 11Ul' 30 , 193c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1.56
157
158
1.i9
160
161
162
163
16-4
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
I 7~
176
155
EXPLANATORY NOTES
The 1YPJ. employment data shown in Yariou
detail in the fir t table of the appendix relate
to persons emp loyed on " 1\'PA-opera tecl "
projects, to persons employed on " \YPAfinancecl projects of oth er F ederal agencies,"
or to a com binati on of t he two compri sin g all
11' P A-fin a need employment. The firs t g roup,
much larger than that of tbe ot her Federal
agencies, include worker on project di rectly
opera tcd by the i YP A. This seri es exte nd s
from Au gus t 1935 to date. Th e Federal age ncy
group includes persons workin g on projects
simi lar in t_vpe to tho e of the "\YPA and operated by oth er F ederal agc ncie with IYPA
fund tran sferred under Section 3 of th e Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 193 . This
seri es begins in ,July 193 . Project workers
pnid by pon or of 'IY PA projects a re not included , nor a re admini s trntive em ployees of
the ·w PA included in t he project emp loy me nt
tabl es. In ho,,·in g detail of employment the
la t 1Yedn esday of th month , or quarter , bas,
in ge nera l, been used- the em ploy men t cou nts
are tak en as of 1Ycd nesd a.v. Th e cope of the
data present ed in Table 1' whi ch pro,·idc tat e
di st ributi ons as to age, , ize of fami ly, and
duration of employ ment is d escribed in foo tnote
'2, page 101.
Tables VIlJ and IX nre based upon repo rts
of th e Treas ury Department and ref r to
rnon e_v- appropria tee! by th e ERA Act of
193.-, 1936, 193 7, a nd 193 c.: for relief and ,,·ork
relief prog-rams. Th e period co vered is from
the beginnin g of operation s, as early a April
193.5 und er some agcn<"ics, throu gh June 1939.
Certain of the terms that are used m a_v be
defined a, foll crn· :
1. ".IJl ocations" rep resent amount either
directly appropriated by Congress or transferred by the Presid ent to an agency, warrants
for whi<" h have been issued by the Trcnsury.
2. " Ohlignt ion " rep rese nt actua l or contingent liabiJitie incu rred aga inst fund allo156
ca ted . Th e figures are cumulative and repre ent paid, as well a unpaid , obligation .
R equ isition for material , upplies, and equ ipment are set up as obligation when ubmittecl .
It em whi h are c-er tain to becom e clue in n,
hor t period are rec-orclecl in advance, e. g.,
pa)Tol!s, r ents, travel expense , etc., are obligated on e period in a(h·anc-e.
3. " Expend itures" represent ch eck i uecl in
payment of payroll an d oth er certifi ed vouch er .
Neither obligat ions n r expenditure n ece sa ril y provide a wh olly ac curate reflection of
operations al, an) given time sin ce obligat ion
in pa r t refl ect future operations a nd expenditure lag behind t he curren t situation beca u e
of t he time co nsumed in making actual payrnen ts.
Tabl es XI to XYI , dea lin g with expend itu re
of Federal and , po nsors' fund on WPAopera ted projects, are ba eel on data compiled
from \YPA project regis ters maintained 6) the
ii'PA di,-i ion of finance in the tates. T otals
of Federal expe nditures as hown in these
record s agree t hroug hout with comparable
Federal expenditure,; as reported by the Trea ury D epa rtm ent ; adju stm ent have been made
to all ow for ma ll d iffe rence res ulting largely
from it ems in tran sit beh,·een WPA offi ces or
between WPA and Treasury offices.
Th e s tate data on ph _y ical accomplishm ents
on WPA-operated project pre entecl in Table
XV II coYer certain selected item s of work.
Tota ls reported in ea ch in tance relate to the
physiC"a l unit of work th at were complete I in
the operation of project fr m the begin nin g of
act ivit ies t hrou gh June 30, Hl38. For furth er
cli_russion of phy ical accomplishm ent data sec
the nccompli hrnent section of the chapt er on
" 1Y PA Project Accomplishm ents and Operation s."
All data pre entcd in th i report are for the
Unit ed States and territories, unless oth erwise
pccified.
7
7
157
APPEND I X TABLES
T ABL E I. -NU~IBER OF PER SONS E ~I PLO H ~D O '
WP A - OP E RAT E D PROJECT S
\ \ ' EEK I Y- ,\ l' Gl'ST 1!}35 TO J l'NE 1939
19:35
n ate
193(;
I
:l l on1 h
.I Date
Prr~on .!-
Per:-ons
I
Januar y
Jan uary
February
February
Fehruary
.February
J\la rch .
1\ f arch ~ ~
_
:\larch . .. ..
llla rch ... . . --· ·-· ·J\l arch
.........• .... .
Ap ril
A pril
April
Apri l
April
2. ~•2.1.
2, HfiO, Sii
,\
2, (j~'-1. 373
12
19
2o
3. Ill 7, f14P
3,
517
3, 03.\, 8,52
4
11
JS
2.5
'.l, 02,\, 42
2. 991. l ?l
2, g,,3, 07 1
2.~i l , fi3i
1
2, ifil. J,1fi
2, fi7~. 02 1
2, hi i . I A3
2, .\70, 31.\
2. .\OJ , S92
on
R
13
20
··-······· . ... .
27
:\la y ... .. ... ..... ..... .
June
Ju ne .
Jun e
June
June.
Jul y
Jul y
Jul y
Jul y
J ul y .
August
A ugust
August
Au gU'-l
A u•~ ust
7
14
21
2S
132, llfiR
I S7, fW.~
219, iR l
2.52, 739
..
October
October .
October ·October .. .
October .. .
if,
t
2
9
23
30
f,
2'l<J, ,\43
3 J.I , I I~
397, ,r:,93
I,\(;, 0 13
50(;, 19(1
.5ftt , 12i
fifil, 0911
iii, 2fl I
fl~fi. ' ~7
l , 2fil , 1-,,r:,,1
l . fi23 , fi!lfi
13
20
1, !l2fl, :12;)
2i
2, 1l fi, ~1,::,.1
1
11
1~
24
31
2, fifi3, 991)
2. tvm. 11r.
2, iOt. Sii
2, 710, OiO
2, 7-.,2, '..?fl2
n
2n
27
I ---2,
2.
2,
2,
132, f\fl~
I24. 30i
12fl. 2.,'l
13R, 0,\9
,\ I
12
19
2h
1939
Pe r~ons
I, 7 11 , g:12
2, 979, 997
2,939,.m
2,9 10, 90i
2, ~95, 125
1,5
22
2, ~7.\ i24
2,922,02!1
2. 9.,.,. 022
2. 1rin. 20n
2, l Ji , liR
2, 1.1 ,r:,, .1fi2
2
9
lfi
n
I, \145, 3 17
1, 9~5. JO(;
2, (Ml9, 11 5
2. Oi!,, Hl2
3
10
17
24
31
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
14~. 193
139, .i;~
133, 953
111 , ROO
110, 9 1!1
2
9
lo
23
30
2. I fill, 70S
2, 2 t3. ~f,.5
7
14
2,
2.
2.
2,
098, 3,,'1
OR:\,
070, Lil
0,59, OH
(\
13
20
27
21
28
3291
--
-----
].\
2,39 t, Rl3
2, 41.\, IL\
22
29
2, 9 1, . 175
2, !l2i, 11.1
2, 92fi, i30
2, 91 .\ ..5SS
2. ~~2. i22
2, .\0 1. 1,3
2,53 1,392
2,544 , o,.,
2.!i~ l .R17
:;
12
19
26
2, n 1fl . S~fi
2. fi3,r:,, 3(W
2, fi29, 31 1
2. fiOfi, 7lfl
2, fi2.\ i 4 1
2. f),10, 29~
3
10
1~
24
31
2, f, JO, OR2
2. .527. 9,1~
2, 4R!i, 31',(l
2. 4fi~. Oi3
2, 157, 901
7
2, 4 19, 189
2, I t!i, fi45
2, 43S, 2f.,\
2, 420,74 1
12
19
2fi
11
18
2fl
2
9
l fi
23
30
1, 9RO, 23r,
l. fl.lfi. i911
1, ~fifi, h17
I, 82 1, Li l
1. 77f:, 239
l !\
22
29
2,
2,
2.
2,
2,
i
14
21
28
1. i ! I. 5~fi
1. 652, 2S3
1,592, 129
I, 5fiR,8 17
fl
13
20
27
2. s:;a,
2, , 9S,
2,937,
2, 9ftfi,
4
2, fti '"I, 223
2,319,913
2. 293, A25
2. 2i 3, 0.12
2, 2,55, R98
1
29
2, 2!0, OS!\
2, 232,917
2, 210, 223
2, 2 19, 3:,7
2, 2fi.l , O,r:,fi
12
10
26
2, 322, :;g,J
2, 350, 750
2, 3if'i, Sfi.r:,
4
11
18
2.5
1. 538, 21 7
l , .12 1, Hi7
I. ,\01, 3,\1\
I. 479. ~3r,
3
JO
17
24
31
3, 03,, ,;,5
3. Ofif\, '-9,\
a. o~·"· ;r.2
2, 40.~. 09Q.
2, 1211, ?37
2, 4 lf i, 721
l
).\
1. 46fi, 3fil
1. 4.\ , 830
1, 45.\, 170
I. 451. 112
I, 44 R, 4 11
7
14
21
28
3, !OS H21
3.12 1,091
3, 12i , 7A7
3, 13(;, ,\ 0.\
2, 2i9,fi \ 2
-----2
9
1fi
23
30
----
2, !Rt, fi l f.
2, .\OR, 441
R
22
29
28
2. S2!1, 411
2. 5t.\ h25
2, .W,. 0.02
2, !i,J, 20R
27
4
11
1
25
2,
2.
2,
2.
301
lOi
Oii
ft~ l
3
10
17
2·1
1, 487, 007
2. 3~9. 202
2. 2s1;,, .;r,5
2. '.!1 t. flli
'2, 1'12, 109
2. 1:12, 212
I
8
15
22
29
1.
1.
1.
1.
7
11
21
2
0
if,
23
30
5R7,
M~S.
flHl
4~2.
f,
13
20
1. 4.10, filii
l. ·15i, 029
I, lfrn, 925
1. 175. Ron
I. 49 .fl~
1, .009, 505
1. 519, 7•!0
537.
.5.;;.
5~R.
ftzq,
I , fiiO.
s.,~
m~n
2 11
271
fi20
1
R
,\
2, ~i(i, '14Q
2. 3:'>fi, ~ii
2, 04fi, 7.5 1
2,023, 3 Jf,
2, om. om
1. 999, 2fi9
,\
P e rson !-
I
4
11
1~
25
3
10
17
24
2.1 -H . f,2fi
Date
1, {(it . 701
I, S32, 11',
I, <JOO, r.25
3
10
17
24
~
11
1~
2.r:,
D eccmhr r
D rem her
D ccem he r
D ccemher
D ecemhcr
I
1.\
22
Sep tern he r
Septemher
Re p tc m hrr
Scpt em hc r ..
Sc pt emh r r ..
Novem her
~o,~em ber
~o,·em her
>!o,-ember
No,;-embcr
2. 1,1 1, 21A
2, 41 8, I.\R
2,37 1, 4Al
2, 339. 74 0
f,
'.\ f ay ....••.•..••••••.•.
no.,
29
15
22
29
;\lay ....... ············
:l [ay ............... ·••· ..
J\lay .
2, S,IO, 214
2, "'00, Olf.
1:,
22
IOale
Person~
I Dat:
1
Jonu::1ry
Ja nuary
Itl:J~
193i
f\9:l, 37.\
ii 1, 7112
i31i, 0 14
i fi7,044
~Ofi, 93 I
2, ~0 1. li13
14
21
2
120
597
92fi
~'.l2
2, 9H2, ~ifi
3. Olfi, 7if,
12
19
2h
3.1 41.
3, 17.\.
3. 20,,
3, 2,\3,
2
9
lfi
23
30
3,271. 3%
3. 2rifi . .;,r:,o
3, 2.\2, :\,\,\
3. 22.5, 112,1
3. 193, f>5R
i
JJ
21
2fZ
3, 118, 117
3. 093, 927
1,032, 7,\9
3,002,211
1···········
..
·13:l
2.\9
951
f,23
------------- ------ ----------------------
15
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PRO GRAM
TABLE IT .-
Ko~IBER OF PErtSONf\ EM PLOY ED ON \\'PA -OPERATED PtWJE T S, BY RTATE S
lk<'l'IUht>r 31.
l!l:l,1
2. ;::.:
Alabama
Arizonu
Arkansas
1
Calirorn ia
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
__
District or Columb;a
.Florida
Georgia .
~-~:i 2,s:~::::
I '.!, 15 1
l:i, H•HI
l 2X. 139
40. 202
Ill. N,5
177. HW
80. ;50
213. £150
43. 14;
Ill inois
Kansas
Ke ntucky __________________ __
Lo uisia na __
____________ _
___
__
___________ _
J\ l a ry lanct
_____ _ _______ _
M assac husetts ______ ____ ____ _
______________ ___
J\ I innrsota ________________ __ __ _
J\(ississ1ppi ________________ ___
.!\fissou r i
______ _______ _
l'v! onta na __________ _____ ____ _
Nrbraska
rcvnda
l!J:lli
i, 124
3.1. U52
5:l. 295
l rlaho
!v[ icbigan
JUtll' 24.
1936
27, '.J9b
3. 048
India na
Iowa
l a i □e
~l arch 2.1.
_______ ____ ___ __ __
__
______________ _
New H ampshire _______ _ __ ____ _
New Jcr~ey __
---- ___ __ __ __
New· !\lcxico
_____ ____ ____ __ _
New Yo rk City
New Y ork (ext! . N . Y .
No rth Caroli na
No rth Dakota
Ohio _
Oklahoma
Oregon
_
P ennsy lvan ia
Hhodc Island
Sou th Carolina
Sou th l) a kota
rrCOlll'SSC('
Texas
LJ t ah
Vermo nt ____ _
V irginia
ll'oshington __
\\' <.'sl Vir :dnia
\\. isconsin ____ _
\\'ioming _____ _
) __ ___
6 1. 26G
52. 142
Ill. lob
2.2::::::
I:~: ~g~
9 1. 393 1
'.m:~~
85. 23U
~\',ti:r
~~n:;l~l - :\l arcb 31. ,llltll'
\~:iii.
~931\.
lu::·:;:
193;
1
:llJ. Scptem•
193;
u::::::
2. 1:::;.:: 2. 1:::::::
11.439
35. 217
1,12 5,4
39. 033
!1_.l'l2
:.?U, Y45
I IO , 54b
21<, :12,
'-.813
32,071'
105 . .107
'!8. 5fi3
; . .173
2-t , hill
105. .19 1
20. 279
8.53 1
2.t 2b2
1114 . H ,
25. 398
; . 1:ii;
22, :-.,fi:1
9!i, U{\r,
19. fi08
27. IU
3. 071
8. H 3
32. f,1 4
,4. 1-12
22 ..>Ob
2, :i4 ,1
;_ ,140
2;. 124
33.~81
20. 70 1
17. ti08
2. 110
r,, ;o 1
2.5. 359
32.ns
I . 290
2. 001
;_ 3fifi
27 2;(1
3r..030
1;. 461i
I. 94~
"· 2115
24. !l2h
~3 .•1m1
l2. li34
199. h23
1;. 3"0
1-15.1\SO
lfi9. ·135
Ii, t)l'\i
153. 5'> I
6i. 4t\O
{H, 176
5. 900
n~. 2.s,
8,J. ;15
I
I
30. ;r,o
45. 0;5
!!i. 408
30. 402
62. 134
4,1. 9 1 I
31>, 5IO
i, 971
!iO. 508
9. 9 13
18. 37->
14 ,
120, ;{72
l().t,
I
non
5!"17
2. 0 ;
fi. ,16 I
23. 980
29.ss i
13. 1()9
12,682
103. 239
9,\ fi lfi
90. 4,11
40. v.1;
25. 7gr,
2, iH,5
IO. 11 1
it,, 2fi3
fit). 092
41 , 1190
23. ; .13
74. 757
9. 0.10
61. 2,,,
,)(J, H7U
4f.. lfi3
3i, li7,5
22. 792
i!l, 7f>9
1\1. 0llll
I I. 611
u. n,o
19. 078
l. 959
x. 098
75. 26,1
•>2 3'>X
l"'i , liliA
I. 3H l
8.,~
,~n.,m2
Ii\. 151;
20. 500
2. 3.>3
i. 107
92,855
11 ..,50
21. -Wi
2. .>25
9, M,i
92. l3fi
10. 27 -1
14 . 5 12
2. I b
7, fi07
7!1. XII
7. ,99
IO. 0-16
,. 003
, OS7
7, 0 1
241 . I :3
135. 051
236, 72:J
127.3~9
10. 034
20.\ 1'10
llil . li9S
191, 52:?
191. 3fi9
lhl. bii
1113. 40:i
~;i.
2;. 984
~. 3UH
152. S50
Hi-t
·12. 740
148. 930
27. ~1)2
176, 2<J~
6,1: , GS~
21, 9GO
11 , 71'-:
3~. :J2(l
12. !IHI
1;5, 53\J
11, 99;
186. 3SR
'"· .:105
20. :JfM
2a1. ft3a
lli.:J'.!11
3:l. 0;1
Hi. JOH
47. 1;9,
oh. ;4.1
IS. 001
I
5. 144
40, 1160
34. H09
5 I. t\33
63. 500
.1. :1,:i
I
I
I
ICXJ. 4fi8
20. lb4
26. 435
1. fii,7
9. 8G3
iR, fi~fl
2'j,
11.
fi23
u., ~
1:11,\192
i. 31S
~1.
2n
2!i. 13 1
lfi. 11,
123. 549
.14 , 7~4
\:,. 4b>
212,323
l -1, fi ·12
311,-1:w
IO.M,S
'13,
"· ;,;
5!0
2-1 9. 992
10. H2"
2.\ -liO
24. 'v1 I
22. ,93
!I. IIHI
57. 5Sll
3.\ Ill
;r.. 999
7ti, 006
22~1. 130
Ill. r,3c;
11. 30fi
22. 231
1 t. iiH
-l-1. fiil
JO:!. 252
:iii, ,705
12, I ii)
fi, (;97
I P, P80
I , 400
s. 9;3
3. 9 12
:i. :116
78. 501
~. ;44
4. 05!i
34 . ,1', I
2;. IHI
24. 573
27. 2 13
43. 0!1H
n,, V9~
4. 2 15
2 1, 264
27, 290
Ill. lh3
22, 9fitl
31. 800
3fi. fi l4
7!1, :ifi,1
4f.. 114
2.\ !14,
51i. H3
63. I ; g
4:1. 45;
" · ,1,2
4. ,g;
2. ;,g
I
20, iJ70
211. ,:m
x. ;. 0
I
20, 20fi
---------------- ------
4. 54,~
-----
1
2. : : : : :
8. ;o
3,5. 326
U4. 321
27, 530
10.360
3 , 038
94. 772
28. 4 72
21. 807
25. 603
3. 6 12
, 632
36. 191
48, 140
3, 09,J
s. 032
II. ,5;9
8, 55fi
228,427
95, i03
34, 150
32,589
50. 2 15
64 , 077
3 1. 500
37. 079
, , 633
fi l. \;(\
24. ~or,
5. 1119
JO. 2 1\1
74 . .> 14
42,637
:ll. 5 •I
16. 3 14
4~ . 514
Ill. g;4
lfi, 47~
2, 452
1.1,1;
4. -l/7
Sfi, 302
"· 3.14
7. 632
8. 269
11,946
105. r,59
13. 192
11 3,2 18
49. 530
3;_ 559
21. os,
53. IIOO
14 . oss
125. 723
s;, 864
30. 8 19
IR7. 544
63, .553
36. 244
20 ..569
I. ,:i,1
r., (}(i2
58. i03
28, 246
2, 67-l
86 rg
,,: j~4
I03. 9;g
2 1. 26i
29. 4
2, 20
8, ()38
8, ;19
2. 209
92, 01i5
fi,,50fi
9,977
JO, H9
s:J. 021
153,926
.13.ll4 8
170. 01,
58, 6 I
\IH. 1133
I~. 7-U
9. 27/-.
~4. 539
98. ()3fo
4;, ISi
J:J. ll lfl
l74 , li2S
11.2:ll
19 :{26
150. 560
~- 800
11. 23s
Jill. 7•13
I I. 82:l
18. ,15~
40. 290
15. !i-\H
21. l~ll
.16. 2 18
i, 7.53
17, 170
3 1. 27
3. 5,5 1
5, 096
5. 143
IS. 5G3
24. I 3
45. 46
23. ;H2
131
6.1.
7. S3fi
131'. ~15
22. fl.ifi
13. I ih
an. 262
4G..1,0
12, fifJf,
9. 164
I
2. R05
fi. 742
I . 9 14
I~. ,'-.1,i'
24, 724
31, ~,~
lfi. 29-1
I!), 744
21', 74~
12. ,94
19, 6!-2
:.S I. 57:1
38. 405
14. 849
191i, 089
13, ->24
252. 5 18
60,952
l fi, 725
223,052
13. 0511
30. 699
264, 379
15. 263
3->. 356
77,876
10, 61\i
.r)o.o-.. n
,19, •;s;
33. 19,
30. ons
411. 3fi4
:1. 01,;
.J I. :1\14
22, ;4g
4fi. !3 1
40. 93 1
f,.1. 940
2. 90C
2. 2n11
1. 6~{1
2, 7fi.i
4,620
4. I 18
3. 920
I
29,
~
13;_ 523
52. 00~
1:1, 72 1
27, 9~ 4
Alaska
ll awnii
197, ~2i
M.931
30. 48
35. 728
21. .599
,5, 742
66, ()),,.(\
H . 75 1
11 . 11.17
,'"lfl , .19fi
11 . lfi9
235.0 I;
3 1, 5; 3
41 .s 11
2. 058
ll. 00,
62. ,1,
• 2: 13~
4; _;03
69, Bfi!J
19, U72
:?Si, 1'-17
6. 12.5
24. 9!15
26. 479
39. 96H
fi. 822
30.
:H.,54
;,,../, 727
19. ',t,J
Ill, 489
17. 12h
I. 649
5. 522
23. 06 1
20.s2 1
35. 40!
•17. 98X
7, IS:?
12, 78 1
76. 10;
J'l, 3
!6. 296
2-1. 91
4\J, JS3
3 1. .>36
M,913
;.241
22. 1"7
;4 , 1:,,
I 9, 985
19. 324
2q_ 120
-56. 250
34. 3 I
i. 051
2;, 993
1, H:~:::J4::::~
"'· 0'22
111. 111.1
4i. 05,1
19. IKHl
'?7.4f,.1
2 1. 250
75, iil
I
_ _19_3_ _
ld4 .1
17. 612
li7. 3;0
I !i. 239
1.1151
ltl4. 950
3n. 7H5
41. ,05
26. fi5 I
1.4·:u::: :
... . [>tif1
12 1. 31ili
.i2. Ui4
30. 034
%. 5:H
h~;3~i'
i. 707
J.J,. 441
65, 52/\
24, 079
3fi. f.32
.50, lfi9
60. t\i,9
llerern • M ar(' b 30, June
I hi931·
13 1
3, bl9
1:i
2. 2(;2
3 1. 74;
I
6 1,857
15. 995
15, 41 3
36. 300
8 1, 76()
10, 517
47. 976
i4. 16i
4,2 10
l. 559
159
APPEND I X TAB L E
T ABLE
UI.- N U ~I BER
OF P ERS ON S EMPLOYED ON \\IPA - OP E R AT ED PROJE CTS AND WPA - FIN ANCED PROJ ECTS OF
OTHIDI\ F E DER A i, A GENC l E S , BY ,'TATE.Q t ' \ RTERLV-
September 28, 1938
S l a te
Total
Tot al _
agC'ncies
lil.!)39
13. •1;9
'1 9, 29·1
119,XtiO
9l.5ii 3,0!13,8.55 '3.0l.12,2 11
Ari zo na
Ca lifornia
Co lorado _
___________ _
D elawa re _
_
District of Co lumbia
F lori da __
Georgia __
fil. OHi
12.!il\l
-t 7. 1'02
I J:!,fiifi
92:l
%0
I , cl!,12
fi. 1~4
ol. 5iill
11 . l!iO
f/0, :l'.27
\H:J ,:~!:.1 2
- :·~: ,: ~ :~: :l:; ::;:: :~:::~ I
1
Idaho
Ill inois---------------_______________________ _
Indiana _______________ _
Iowa __ _____________ _
K an as ______________ _
K entuck-y __
:1. 9-19 1
13, 5ii
M, 0(10
o l . li J
11.f.48
2.,!i. !i%
99. •l29
:11.299
3R. fif,5
72,930
47 , gg(i
L ouis iana ____ ______ _
~lfaine __ _
_____________ _
l iebiga n
M"inn csota
Mississippi _
9. oOli
1\1. Ofi2
1311.0.09
1~3.
:,o~
Gfl, .i/2
?i..fissouri_ ___ ________________ _
11 rontana ____________________ _
42. 4 l !i
11 2, lkR
24. 2RO
N ehraska. __ _
Nevada _
N e w· H amps hire
N ew Jcrsev
31. 024
2, fl.12
10. 090
I 10 ..,RO
New l\ fexi'co
3. 625
12. 515
I.
52, ., 19 1 I.
5S, Oi6
3.
:i2,1
O(i2
481
095
I
9.668 1 1.980
2.53. 124
2. 4 i 2
9i . ROB
I. 623
33.925
37•1
37. 3.57
I . 30H
4, IJl!i
l:J. R14
ii2. 666
o3,R.o!i
2. 037
140. 262
R!lO
97H
fi4 . 44 5
45. 28fl
102, 4/\3
19. 11
139. 029
63. 72 1
44 . 3•1fi
100. io7
27, 712
5-14
110,371
2 1, 91i0
l. RI;
2. 320
6fi. 8fi9
48, .,!12
109. 2Ri
30.1.11
H7~
2. 493
149
33•1
3. 22.,
fi72
I
20. 84:i
28, 2!Jfl
2. fi 17
l l. 221
103. 14 I
11. , 2ft
lfi, , 07
2, S. , R4
7~. 1i"G
JR, 727
277, 783
17. 002
.,o. 008
li9.7'1.5
17. 497
274. 100
Jf, ,f,fi-J
H . 244
3. 43 1
l. 230
4f>.%I
I . :,.55
16. 01 4
53.f,()f,
92. 928
3. r,3 1
ll 2. 32~
Ulab
Vermont_ __________ __________ _
In . 397
4R.., nn
. R. 0.19
l o. 36R
Ii, ROO
13,
' ""
6. 0-li
2. 202
7.,3
14 . 9Jf,
8. I R
Virginia ___ _
31. 468
Sfl. 1-:92
,;:l, fi2 1
3. RoO
!i. 30i
490
31. fio9
"\V ashingto o
2i.C.08
,5 1. 5S.o
!i3. 13 1
7Hll
12, 47~
1·13 . .~.54
fi.o. \179
47..086
!Oi. 062
19. 401
14 .o. Hill
l !i. 6 17
I. 079
45. 290
10. 08i
14 . i53
124. 478
2. ;\,),)
2. 4fi l
I. R54
T xas . _________ -------------
25. 22 1
3. 26 1
I I. 480
49. JO
60. 8 18
4fi. 026
JO. !i27
18. R67
126. 9oi
1,227
338
2, 7fi-l
26. 300
3. 4,9
13. oo,
:i0. 9:JO
f,4. 2M
727
4. 2•12
2. 229
13. fiOi
Rhode Tslanrl
Ro u th Carolin a
South Dakota ____________ _
T ennessee _
I. HJ;i
f, J. 4 I ,\
2. 108
3. fiS3
232
I , 2fi.o
I . 4S4
3. ORI
6. 746
2. 124
63.%2
IS3. 3 1n
fi o. 0.5R
4~. 934
J!i, R., i
2Ro, 040
Oregon ___ _
P en nsyl vania
27. 37.i
3. 784
l2.M9
5 1. JR2
AO. 77 11
2. ,129
JO. 7 If,
JOO. f, I.~
I l. 3 11
I 3. ·198
180. !/IIV
fi3. 43r,
.,2. 2R~
.,xG
l , 72.1
I. 4·11
11 ,
47 ,')
2.523
!i i ,)
54 . 103
J S. 121
262. OR2
11 . 39-1
261. 293
2. !i89
2 ..,311
]. 8 J;\
727
7R9
6V. 5-11
fifi , 1fi7
3. 3i I
19. !iOS
26 1. R9 I
lfi. 394
18, 421
257. 909
16.20:l
40. R37
3. 9 2
HI!
6,'1, 9R(i
4:l.fiR2
:i3. 727
1Viseon sin
~->. :l03
84. 349
9->4
" ' yomin g
4. f,90
4. 259
43 1
.'iO. 192
I, "
79.
,1. 834
300
60
1.1. 338
I
l. 084
2, R4,"l
fi7f)
f1l, f'i3fi
I. 9i0
1.07.35 1
12. 922
7. fi62
4,97 7
27. 90.)
48. 19 1
49 , fi 12
78. 4!i3
4. 23/\
3. 76-1
5..1311
l. 99-1
fi2fi
229, 2 7
89. 265
29. 603
2. 476
9. 934
91. , 39
12. 77,
I . 311
28. 7 18
2.354
9. 7 1:l
88. f,.Jf,
12. 3foi
49. ii.I
i. 515
43. 632
99, 343
22 ..125
25. 1.55
3. 456
12. 723
44 . 3 75
56. 876
23. 318
3, 146
JO, 395
•II. 786
52. 2 12
2. 328
751
10. 743
2. i85
I. 83 7
20]. 938
8. 574
199,27:3
76. 732
26. 432
27. 336
2. 169
2. 665
I. 507
678
2. 2 10
4. 439
864
944
4. 349
4. 432
497
I. 772
228
I , 528
I . 22
3. 44 6
460
2. 471
~~\!~fc~:::
::::_
Pu erto Rico_ _ ____
Virgin Islands _______ _
I, 121
3. 09 I
3. 173 -I . 12:i
I f,~
l. 29 1
I
3. 09-1
78, 239
2i. I 10
-9. 5-16
2,547
,'>8. 027
i36
43. 0, 9
I. 233
125. 293
M.630
40 , 12.5
84, 762
123. 081
.,3. 154
38. 786
82. 84()
2. 212
724
940
I , 686
l. 500
85
122
22 1
3. 193
1II
17. 543
I 7. 699
14 . 463
3. 236
24 . 583
l. 802
I. 274
2. 325
4, 3 0
i . ~35
i~. fi95
10. 693
H. 438
13. 74,
I . 290
202. S2:i
lifi.fi4 1
18. 942
241. 248
63. 451
17. 986
234. 7 6
15. fl2f,
48. 444
l .i. 272
·15. 24:,
3. 190
951i
6, ·162
354
,5:,, 983
lo. 933
180. I. i
15. 205
43. 637
,11. 603
15, 435
173,529
13. s.,;
38. 938
16. :i34
:i3 . .
114. 43 1
H . i •13
15. Fi S
5 1. .58,
107. fi l 2
13, 082
5. 900
l.1. 330
13. 942
42. 739
9, 528
JO. 26i
4. 776
.,99
60
39.1
3. 199
656
I. 48
6. i 9
2. 649
I. 003
24fi
f>2.05n
44 . 994
658
97. 008
12. 012
.I. 268
3. 936
28. i75
4, 155
37. 404
434
26
556
G3. 539
3. 762
l.fi6 1
I , 476
I. 339
I. 9 16
25,857
I , 94 5
8, 400
3. 092
ll. 96 1
I. 859
696
i5. 49 1
4. 92R
2,589
4. 664
105. 270
143, 065
5i. 0 1
41 . 038
12, 28i
20 1, 031i
4, ..110
1. '3i
3 10
2. 489
4. lH
J,1.5. 390
26. 9ii4
•l4, 441
48. 076
74. 665
4,372
3. 479
53. 58
42. 225
7. 032
13. 194
100. 83R
3. 570
3. 116
30. 900
48. !i96
am
8, iii
7. 97(\
174 . .5-19
M.0 11
47. i92
13. 9;\I
2•13. 72.i
6 ..),),
I. 4ll
900
2.
4,10
119
127
o;\ J
o4i
OJ.1
,ar,
130.677
·" · 126
'· 41.5
46. 01 l
108,060
2(\, 004
od ist ribu tcd by states
311n
3. 173
\l" PAects of
opernted otlwr
projects r ,,t1eral
agrncies
I 78.
fi7.
·19.
14.
24.1.
;ii~
nn
I. 103
116. 380
30. 639
I. .112
!SI . 39:i
f>R. 34.1
4 I. 329
44 1
3. 630
G,i, ~ IR
.\3. 03R
JO. 1 IH
J.5. .120
12A, 017
11. 279
Ok lahoma ___
7, 274
28, 211:i
10. 154
on. 2%
30 .., 4:J
34. 999
I , 92fi
I. l flO
112, 11;-..
57. Oi-> I
l . 01-'7
f,i, 330
.,3. 024
10, R45
l9, 7fi2
127, RIil
7fi2
IOi. 355
9flfi
I. ~-Ill
1' otal
97, i 50 2,.5.51, 41 8 2. 120. Hl
5."-1 , lt{ I
11). f,5 1
52. 070
123. 126
32. 7fi3
11, 721
226. :,02
Si. 428
30. o. 3
32. 528
l.~00
1122
937
2. r,~g
!),
to. 4\11
4h. ll-17
ects of
otber
Federal
agencies '
i:33
2, •12:l
] , 22 1
393
ii. 130
4 7, 374
R. C.li9
Iii. 373
12R. 133
1. nso
I
JO. 4:lS
238. 9RO
84 , ill4
3 1. 199
3!i. RR2
l l. Iii
I
WPA ·
operated
projects
91.6 1·1 2.980. 472 2.~82, 722
I. !!is
Proj•
Proj-
Total
R!i, 925
3 1. .1\)2
3fi. !lf.9
2,11 . 103
I , .o. R7 I
fii . ,C, 19
,;n, 7R8
------1
New '{ork City
New Yo rk (<•xcl. N. Y . C .f-- :
No rth Caroli na
'o rtb D akota
Ohio ____ _
\V es t Virginia
fill. Ill~
J une 2 . 1939
M a r h 29. 19:J!i
P rojWPA- ects or
operated other
projects F ederal
ag:eocirs
Proj-or 1
\VPAects
'l'o tal
operated . other
proj cts F edera l
3,220,082 3. J3CT.505
.\ rlrn nsas __ _
Jl,far yland _
l\f assac buse tts
D ecem ber 28. 193:S
----1----------
Alabama
C nnec ticut
I
f-EPTE MBEll 1938 TO J UNE 1939
40. 925
24. 208
34, 490
40. 492
62. 4 13
3. 149
143
565
4. 497
I , 268
5. 038
2, 400
I , 461
l. 789
I. 498
o. 658
I. 350
·I. 699
I. 38
2,255
7. 480
I. 74 5
492
4. 567
2, 9 14
433
I . 126
613
163
163
394
760
2,284
760
I. 003
246
3. 0-IR
3. 048
l. 29
I. 29
2. 6 19
2. 2R4
TABLE IV.-~ U MBER OF PERS ONS EMPLOYED ON \¥ P A-FINAN CED PROJECTS OF OTHE R FEDERAL A GENC I ES, BY STATES AND BY AGEN CI ES
Depart•
I ci:;,~f
D epartm ent of Agriculture
Departmen t of the Interi or
merce
I
State
<lra nd
Total
I
I
Total
Bio•
log1c,,1
Entomol·
ogy and
Pl ant
Survey
Qu~ran-
---,
Soi l Oo n•
l,,~~~/e serService
n 1L_ion
Other
Bureau
. or .
D epar t·
mentor
Labor
D epart·
m ~~; or
Na vy
T otal
National
P ark
Other
Service
o
War Department
------- ----
Fisheries
~
=== ==;::====r===;==========;===
I
J UN E 28, 1939
Bureau
or Labor
Bveax
or a:.! s
Statistics
Docks
De·
pa rt·
meat
or th e
Treas•
ur y
Vet·
era ns '
Ari·
minis•
tration
,-------~---1
Other
Agen•
cies
Total
Cor ps or
Engl•
~~~.r·
m as ter
neers
Corps
----1- ---------- ----------- -- - - - - tme
Total.. . . . . . . . ....•. 130,677
49.066 ~~ ' 13.30'.l _18, 106 ~
.\l abama .. .. • .. • -••· · ···
Ari_zona .. . . . · ••-· ···· · ·
Ark ansas . • . . • . .... . • . .
California.· · · ·· ·· ·· ····
Colorado . . . . . . . • .
Connec ticut . • · · • -· -•· ·
Delaware. . . . . . . .. .
Distri ct or Col u mbia .. .
Florida.. . .
Georgia . -. .
1,411
? 90)
-,3,9
',, ili
:s, 479
1,H37
310
2,328
2,589
4, 664
900
15U
68
~~5
2Q~
~! 2
•9 . • ,4
,_
_,3
2,3iU
91l2
1,321
I, 173
51
~7~
7:ll
6~9
o3,
7
Hfi
2 ....
lilil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
I, W,
. . . ..
. .
150
1. 602
226
330
159
Idaho - · · · ·
Ill inois .. . . .
India na . _ .
Iowa •- . .
K ansas.. . .
.K ent u cky .
Lou isiana .
.\hine • .
.. . . . .
;\faryland _ . . . . . .
~Iassach use tts. . ... . . .
2, 169
2,6fi5
I, 507
fii8
2,210
4, 4'l9
864
9H
4,319
4, 432
2, t:ll
1, H~
i 0'. !
'.liV
732
542
653
429
1.229
464
Michiga n . .. .
Minnes_ota_. . .
l\I1ss1ss1pp1. . .
Missouri •. .
M ontana. . . .
Nebraska ... .
Nevada . . . .
New Hampshire
New J ersey .- · · · · · · · .
New M exico . . . . ..... . .
N ew ~ or k ('1ty ._. 0 • •
NewY ork (e,cl.N. 'i. O. l
N orth Ca r~lma... . • . •..
N ort h D ako t a . . . . . . . .
Oh io . . .. . .. • . . • . .
Oklahoma . • . .. • . . . • .
Oregon ....• · · · - · •
Pen □sylva□ ia ...
Rhod e Isla nd . .
South Carnlina .
South Dakota.
Tennessee. . . . . . .
Texas .. . . . .. . . .
Utah .... . . . . .
Ver mont. .. . . . • • . . . .
Virginia .. . .
2,2 12
774
1, 476
1. 0,2
1,339
761
1,916
577
3,236
I, S9fi
l, 274
1, 109
143
143
56.\
25:l
4,497
1,49,
I, 268
6411
2, 325
20
,5,03~
2, 4!:>
2, 400
6.\~
1, 461
1,3 . ,
l , 7,9
897
4.3,o
1, 781
I, 49~
I, 119
6, 65S
1, 2B4
I, 3,\0
292
4, 699
1,434
l. 3,~
1. 221
2. 2.55
l. 1,n
7.4 ~0
2,221
I, it.I
596
492
•101
4. .5fii
825
2. 9 14
637
433
391
1, 126
1,063
613
363
163 - · · · . .
\.V asbingto □.
.
West Vi rginia ..
Wisconsin . . . . .
W yom ing. .. . .
Undistributed by states
Alas ka .. . . . . • · -• .
~r: ;;;;~ I~~icls : : : : . : . :
76IJ
~:~i~
I
127
116
1. 217
21~
24 '.l
220
. ....
181
go
123
126
)fl,\
ol~
2111
11
45fi
43,
474
12
15:l
4.l
70
673
;I .
1, 9-9
Iii
21~
!l o
RI
62
1. Hi
8~7 . .
715
63
:3,5
6'.lfi
14,
135
4
12
8 . •. •
188
159
103
196
692
873
143 . . . .
18 . • . .
286
144
197
72
148
321
fitr.
12J
643
166
18. 716
5
16,078
277
. • . .. . .. . .
98
664
H
302
8
76
•• • • . • . . ••
. • ••
528
429
24
193
. .
46
994
. .•
. .
•. . . .
· · · -·
. . . ..
.
.
273
2,638
4
.. . . .• .. .. . . .
l. 779
15,650
135
293
193 • • . • . • .
971
23
2.960
12 . . .. . . .
•
S.9
16
629
35
300
2
7fi ••. • ••
.... .. .. ..
946
. • •• •.
247
. . .• .
,\fi!i
. . . ••
I, 171l
. . ••
I, 025
•. ••
106
....
. . .•.. . •
70
2.J0
155
Sfil
91
8
19
fi
1. 30~
12~
Ii
11
3.5.>
19
332
67
l, 219 1
64~
23
6S7
16.>
t07
86 1
2
27
.....
303
946
232
15
565 . • . .
l. 176
l, 025 .• . •
106 • . .•
·- · ·
230
137
18
,5.57
4
33
58
19
l. 272
2S
128 . •
Ii
325
30
330
2
I, 216
3
648
667
20
165
851
10
27
303 . .
23.1
I, 19~
JI
470
1.59
20 . . . . .
1.s.,r,
14
536
II!
3~1
;~~
6h
7_0
_,; ,;
32,
12
.15s
Ill
747
1. 027
31\1
707
6'l
99'.l
82
209
21
268
2,
31
I, 231
11
793
19'1
2llfi
60
920
181
430
l. 538
21
4,)l
120
:1s 1
17 . • . . . .
41-1
119
292
. .• . ..
807
807 . .
96
511
10
... .
,55
57
54
3
307
S4
. . .... . . .. . . . .
45S
190
•ll fi . ... . .
2
15
15
5
10.5
42 . . . . . . . . . . •
57
57 . . . .
. . . • . . .. . • . . . . . . · - • . . . . . . . . . • . . .
. · · -•
I
211
. . . . .•
576
.
.
. . • . . . . . • •• . •
7
ll S
3, 367
12
40
73
15
192
517
17
214
71 . • . • . .
127 . . . • . .
..
·I······ . ... . . .
633 1
···· · : .~.:.::: ::::.:.:.: ::.:.:::': :~:::.::: ::::::.: ::::.:.::: ··1.-iis·
633
. I 1,298
24 . • . •
3fi
l3
29
3
43
778
89
2
6
15
14
9
6
.
•
147
24
106
2
2
3..
14
12fJ
18
192
23
70 . .
.•..
2
12
80
207
27
l
43
l. 731
203
71
14
i
ll
3
. ·I
91
61
IS
· ·1
16
2
153 1
I, 2~.,
I, 8.51
l8
279
2
7
2,243
2
26
.1
4
122
8
7
2
4
. .
27
2, 14S
·J • •
29
76.5
207 . •
5
17 . . . .
29
3 .•.•
. . ..
_ . . . . •.•
... . ..
.
•
.
333
333
93
. . • . . . . . .••
64 • .
312 . . . .
. . . •• . •
. .•. • . •
·•1
•
1··. .
..
.•
••
6, . . . . . . . • . .
13
5,013
. ·I
837
34
53
75S
1, 164
37 . . . . • .• .•
..• . . . • . • . .
190
163
· · · ·1 • • • ·
. . . . . . . . • · . ·.· .
·· · ·• • · • •
2
,SOS • • . .
t_zj
"d
0
;:o
194
272
243
ii I
124
I. 945 .. . •
,
...,
0
.. . •
1,166 . ...
lH
Ill
1, 433
3, 711
136
,;
So
l.546
2,002
"'I
• •
. .
. .
Cl
..,
o5
u,
~
t_,,J
~
-o
14
.
-1
;,-
"ti
::0
0
lll
~
::,.
S:::
687
2 212
·
10
799
111
30.5
5,0 13 I
837
53
758
I, 164
. . ... . ,. .
163
O
;o
...•
6~ ..
312 • .
.. . .
... •
• • • ..
2,457
66
126
2,481
403
··1
. . •·
z
0
333
93
• .
;:rj
1,962
I, 976
945
1,546
2,335
.
73 1 2, 457
. .
66
. .
126
.
2,481
{03
3
'29
687
2 2 2
• '
. . . •
.
799
.
lll
305
fi83
215 ..
335 . . ..
1,166
14-l
Ill
l, 433
3,7 11
136
33
91
I 39.128
21 5
335
1.962
l. 97~
q4,,
194
272
711
I, 945
. •. .
. •. • .
••. . .
• • . .. •
.. . .
.... .
H
18
2 13
40.569 ~
2 . •. . . .
'l:l . . . • . .
30
S .•. .
8 . • . . . . . . . . • ..
867 ' . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
160
9
52
42:i
• • . . .. . .
583
562
21
77
lfi\l
. ...
32 . • . . . . •
. . . . • . . . ..
28 . . . .
gr;
. .. .
•. .
25 • . . .
39.> I . . .
173
171
2
10 . . . .
337
46
l .•..
l
H .. ..
11\1
. . . . •. . . . •. •
136
136
9
370
137
916
256
2.5 1
5
11
1,115
1
324
305
19
159
l , 093
1·· ... . ....
39
.. . . .
. •. . ••. .
• . • . •. . .
•. . •.
74
190 . .
.. . . . ..•.. • •. .
· · · · •·· ·
. .~'.~~~. :: : :::::
161
APPls :\" l>JX TABLE: S
1'ARU: V . -frrATE D rnTR IB PTTO'I ,- OF i;\' PA ,Y o rtKE RS, RY A c:E GRoo r :s, RY R,zE o~'
O li'
F' A ~IILJE;-;, AN D BY D U RATION
l~ l\l PL OYJ'\l ENT
FEARl' ARY 1939
agp
a~~l
18 2 1 25-3 1 35---<1 4 45-54
,\ r izo na
.\ r kansas
f'a lirornia
C'o!o rnd o
(' on lll'C't icu I
Oelaware
l)i s t r irt of C'o!umhin
Flo r irtn
Geo rg ia
l<la l10
nl inois
l11rliana
fo\Y3
Kansas ___ _
Ken tu ckv
Louisinn8
l\·l a in e
l\l a r y lanrt __ _
)riss issippi
l\fissou ri
l\f onla n a
23. 9
2 1.l
~
107
423
28. 8 1~
22.7
209
223
23n
237
134
!78
Jf,7
207
14 2
11\n
2 1 r, 1 192
,., .,
22. 3
4.0fi
3. R2
3. 92
2.9
4. IO
.1. 2
111
41
24. R
6. 1
4! 8
402
4.11
4.1. R
40. 4
31.7
2.~l
329
202
31 2
213
203
1~6
92
223
11. 3
10 3
109
13 1
400
4!4
39 I
42 -1
3r;o
l ii.2
93
9 0
9fi
171
224
24!
2:,3 238
27 ii '.?!l I
233 1 232
30. 2 236
217
230
~) 7
229
1;3
lf.n
IRfi
13 7
210
11 8
3.2
373
2 92
3.n l
383
1!0
10 .5
2.~ I
!1 3
1:i
40, 9
439
4I O
4,1 :l
41 :1
289
276
IQ _9
28.5
298
19 2
180
TO 7
l ii. 9
1sn
39 ~
39 ,
4 12
410
42. 3
!2 I 1 27 2 211 3
242
12 1 WI
102 2:\2 231
97 2o4 1 24 n
7 1 2ii. 2 239
2! ii
225
227
2:12
2:l l
18 6
14 8
11. 1
201
4. 03
3. 23
370
4. 21
39,
i. I
191
9. 0
2. r.
39 2
4 !1
4fol
41 2
420
32 i
24 0
2ifi
33 !
310
i~~
:u1~ r:g 1~~
:{~
I ii. I
u~ n 1:\i
3
;
1
30 7
10!
13 2
2. I
2 7
N"ew H ampsh ire
40. 4
41. 5
37 4
4 3
l'\ew York CitY
Nrw Y or k (escl. N. Y . C'.}
~o rth Carolina_
or t h na k o t a
O hi o
1
39 0
42. 8
3i . 11
38 r,
12fo
2
~
11 .I
!20
!4 .,
28 !i
263
21 I
24 l
24 9
23 2
20 R
208
_o 9
1.1 7
IO 11
2-1 ~
2fl. h
30 4
92
2fifi
l0 3
2fi. 3
22 2
2:'l. 2
23 fi
24 .3
22. f,
21 ,
II 9
10 . .1 1 2S. R
8 2 If,, 3
17 R 21 3
23 l
1 l fi
I 3. ·I :l0 0
11 4
8. 3
14 . 9
10 7
!4 , •I
Rh ode Ts laort __
So uth Ca rolina
38. 7 1
3R 6
9.R
7. 8
43.
39 fo
1-t 3
39. 9 14 ,t
35 ..,
19. 2
South Da k o t a
39 2
Ok la h o m a
O rego n
__
Prn nsylva nia __
3; 2
rr e nn ('SSC'C ..
Texas
..
tah _____ ·-· - Verm o nt_ ________ _
Y irgi nia
W ashi n g t o n
\\"rs t \'irgi nia
\Y iscn ns in .
\\"romin g ____ ___ _________ __
37. 9
37 ,
39. 7
39. 7
42. i
37
40 l
40. r.
1
I
:12~.9~ I
13. 0
16. ·I
12
10 iI
I 12. 6
I
! ~~
lf\O
17 3
22 .1
1.5. f,
1.1 I
17 3
If> 8
21. 3
) ~f,
21. 0
Ir, , R
2-t. 2
18 5
2! I
24 3
2fi. 0
2,10
24. I
I 9
24 3
20 l
2i (;
2, 4
2 1 fi
22 2
2~ I
30. 2
2fo 7
2:i. 4 2ti 7
23 ,1 !8?
23 2 1211 i
23. 4 2 1 0
30R
21 2
2:i i
23 ~
297
24. 1
24 3
22 2
24 4
21. 7
19.5
2n. 9
19 9
21 .1
174
23 1
23 ,,
2.1 5
21 n
17 .,
19 7
28
30.
29
30
23
13 0
9 7
1~
1
II
2
n
2 t tt
23 tl
30 2
2r, ~
25. •l
I
fi 9
4 32
397
3. 72
311 :\
39!1
40 2
13. J
14. 6
13 2
12. 0
rn.1
74 . 8
722
68 8
7A. 4
79. t
8. 9
133
6
!9 4
10. 8
!6.3
14 .5
22. 6
4.2
10.1
2! 0
l 2ii
173
231
20 .,
9. 2
!33
!34
14 ,,
l ii. 8
8,
13.3
13. 5
r4 . 4
15. 4
14 7
133
12n
t4 . n
174
81.
707
fi9 . i
6S. 0
5R8
!3 0
109
IOI
17. 2
!8. 8
5. 2
18. 4
20. 2
178
22. 4
;~~
:ri:~
:i~
9. 0
9. •l
33. I
34
TS. 8
4 40
l•l . .l
3. SI
II . 9
J.1 8
19 8
4. 2fi
4. t
17 9
3. 49
3 .;:r.
9 9
J.1 9
12. 0
3. 74
4. 0fi
14 I
8. 2
1.1 (i
4. l ~
4. 19
3 tl 1 I I 3
4. I 40 2
,t. 7 1 39. I
2. 4 3.1. R
!3. 4 41. 3
7 tl
fi. 9
l 3. .I
3 2
4 27
3. g
9. 9
,1 19
4. 41
::; I R.8 9I
I
4 2
ll 2
11. 5
2.1 !I
21 9
17 9
16
4. f, J
!8. 0
10. 4
!20
l l. 2
9. 6
8.8
23. 7
29. 7
17. tl
3 7
Ii 4
16 I
!O n
126
11 4
JO. I
9.R
37 I
41 f,
41 8
28. 9
3. 32
I
9. l
10 5
97
10. 2
12. r,
99
!81
I0fi
133
129
19. 8
11 0
18 4
IS. I
4 7fi
3 ,O
3. 57
13. 1
8 1. 0
71.4
797
r;9r,
12 ..,
3 1. 6
lI 0
19 0
lf>. 9
70--;;
14 . 2
141
127
IRR
t 6n
43 I
3 73
4. SS
13 5
over
14 . 6
14 . 2
19 4
Ii. 2
.I .I
35. F:
IR 2
20 0
36
and
I 1&-35
11. 0
107
24. 4
3! 6
30 0
29. l
30. 0
3. 97
2 fif-i
3. 4
19 2
t~~
! 2. 4 1 12. 2
4.1 9
41 I
4.1 ,
44 2
39. 7
lfo5
32 9
20 9
In 7
JO S
22 8 2 1 .1
1(1 4
24 8
24 2 22 2
21 0 [ 2:1. 0
2;3 9
fl.I
15, S
7. 9
II g
12. 8
13 8
18.8
M en \\/;11 •
1
3. 39
3. 93
3 77
3. R9
3. f<7
~nri~ ~
I
I
-P erC'e ot
1,
30. 4
27ii
322
23ii
2;r.
40. 7
New ~r rx iro
'rota !
2f>f;
Tehraska
Nrn1.rl a
Ne,, .Jrrser
ovrr
1;,,'::;~
!iii
!42
147
o r
119
1
39 2
40 I
37 9
40 n
40. 8
l ichiga n
!\ rin nt•so ta
2 a nrt 4 a n rl
5
3
( m e a n)
l\ l rrlian
I
3foii
38R
31i3
424
393
~
39 0
39 4
40 2
l\ f assarhust't ts
i--
A ,--re r•
l\I ed ian
( l nit ed S t a tes
19:39 Work,· rs. in l\I o nlh s
Percent
S t a te
.I !a h a m a
Duration of Employm<•nt of F', •hruar y
Tumhrr of Perso ns in Fnmi ly
Age in Years
lR 4
42. 2 29. 9
4 1 0 32 Ii
3i1 7 3 1 0
36 2 1 34. 2
17 I 2fi. 3
37.
4R
41
40
39
33. R
2i 0
,5
.I
0
I
37 S
48 2
30. ·I
4l 0
44 . 2
s
17 S
10 . 9
22 i
2.1 9
2.1. 7
14 7
ll. 6
II. 3
10. 9
13 R
10. 4
!3 7
10. 9
ll. 0
13 . 5
13. 6
10. 6
!3. 2
TO. 4
II . 9
14 f,
12. 9
9. 7
11. 3
14 . 2
8. 9
99
9. 6
23 7
14 ,,
JO 3
13. 6
12. 3
25. 0
13. Ii
9. 5
!3. 2
! 2. 5
I
9. 0
.7
10. ii
10. 2
JO 0
10. 0
!0 I
3fi 4
270
22 2
23 4
22. 9
25 4
18. 3
9. 4
9. 8
8. 7
9. 2
9 3
2 .9
2t i
29 8
32 l
29. I
29 0
13 9
33 3
l 1.6
II 0
15. 5
!3 R
10. 8
15 3
!3. 7
9. 0
8. I
33 3
I
8 7
12. 1
12 0
14 i
11 9
33. 5
32. 3
1
Iii. 8
9. 9
!2. 3
10. 1
14 i
II . 7
2.~ ,
26 5
29. 7
,1
Ia . 8
T0 9
2-1
13
19
19
22
3
fi
8
4
7
12.
10. 8s
18 7
!5 3
IO. 4
11. 1
14 6
:u ~~:; : ~~ :~:~
!.1 n
214
29. 2
87 8
659
69 Ii
9 9
J.1. 4
12 fi
2. 3
18.7
Ii. 9
9. 2
0. 0
67 4
77 7
66 4
75. 9
I
13 5
13 7
II . 9
19. I
16. 4
15. 4
1.1. 0
13. 2
15. 9
13. 8
16.,
17. ~
13. 5
67.8
76 3
70 2
62. 5
16. f,
44 . 4
27. 8
13.,
2! I
10 ·I
56 7
14 4
24 2
14 fi
78 2
7fi 4
66. 3
78 -~
74 9
73 l
16. 0
11 . 7
61 fi
fi5 . G
82 7
17. S
II 6
13. 4
IJ. fi
13. 7
16.9
If.' · 6i
16. I
s. 0
2 1. 7
15. 3
14 Ii
19 ,I
16 . S
10. S
R4
J.1. 2
18.0
5. 0
13 S
15. ,I
42. I
118 ~2 I
9. fi
9. U
13. 0
19 51
l l. 6
15 0
15 3
23. 4
Ji,'
16. 6
27 8
5. G
7 l
TO. 2
73 8
77 8
79 i
R2. 2
84. 2
19 8
f, 4
13 2
G. I
12. 2
5. 6
10. 9
4. g
15. 9
12 9
70 2
76 . _
16 9
16 4
60 Ii
69 ti
82. I
13. I
12. 4
13 4
11. 4
II.I
10 8
2fi 0
19 h
12 4
9 0
II 2
16 4
6 ,....
162
PROGRESS OF THE
HEPORT 0
TABLE \ T - X mrnEn OF P ER, ONf;
K\IPLOYED
WPA
PROGRAM
ON \\'PA -O P ERATED PR OJE T-,, BY ;)TATE:,, ANO BY
i\J.\,JOR TYPES
OF PROJECTS
C'oXTIXEXT.\L UX ITED
BTATES
J u,-;E 21, 1939
L'01ted States
Al abama .......
Arizona
Arkansas ..... _
California
Colorado ---------on □ ecticuL
___
Delaware
District o f Columbia
Flor id<1 .••..
Georgia .•• _...... - ·-·
50. 039
i. 5 5
43. ,81
1011, ,,3
22. -Hit
23,362
3. 153
10. 461
41 . b.il
.52, Ill l
---------------
,s, 63S
2011, 728
Iowa
--------------Kansas _____________
26. 343
27, 766
Kentu cky ..
53,8 14
42. 456
Id aho ........ - ••
Illi □ ois.
!'arks
::;ewer
and
Bys-
·-·
l nrliana -·······-··
i6. 4h0
2\1, :\.ii
Puhlic
Buil<I·
ings
3,
I.
3,
13.
~511
180
2/11
730
Other
C'on•
tl-ms
H L•trea-
S<'n·ation
and
I, O!i:l
II
7. 241
2. ~75
..... !Ji\
9H,i
6 15
56
283
12,954
1. 556
7, lfil
S'24
I, 51,
17,921)
27,641'
2, ,~
352
2,459
4, 2.il
4. 3. 1
2, :3311
144
:JI\',
I, fi24
l, 1170
no:i
l. llb2
371'
H,hml
-l. f\9(;
2. 190
2, 03fi
22, 63:!
44, ,'i-1 1
13.11."•
12, 731
4 , 4,1i
311, ISi\
15, iili
2.
73. , .1:1
H41i
220
4, fHi2
71J4
2-..,, IOfi
-1. ns3
1t1a
170
:,, 17 ...
2, O~li
I. 4:\,1
199
I. 401
1511
I. 000
S77
137
25. 226
:J. l,l.5
2,339
J. m. . ,
9,339
3, ,;73
1, 757
2, 3.10
bl
I, 132
JG4
IUY
2.:HJ
2. U~fl
429
fi.i4
n. n25
11. (8~
0, !)22
.i, .5,i3
6, 2.>l
3. 09;
69'
6, 70:J
4, 372
I, !!).i
:J. 4.5,1
2, 741
s,1
1:l
2, 53fi
/-.7
121
677
l ,i, U51
I, 176
235
1. 570
7:i3
9. OYI
96H
I. !i2!)
70:.!
2, MJ!i
371
944
4,
11•2
1,277
2, o.;:i
7, 4~1
1,.1111
23, :llfl
l:\, 042
57,362
21.c;:3
41.:mu
17. li3:\
12. 35!.I
3. ll.ifi
21l2, 174
110. :rn3
2<Jl
4.lN,
I. r,99
9. 19.5
4, 37.1
4. OJ.I
:\14
:.tt :1!-1:{
,i2, 531
n. -1,li
l,,ili,1
57:i
2, :193
,:;11
7, :i33
I, 412
I, 4:\2
74:3
4, 292
2, 71 ,"',
1, ti HI
11. 2.:'17
2, ,i77
359
.~fl:l
H h octe Is land
Soutb Carolina
13. 742
39,002
Sou t b Dakota
13. 967
43. ()()3
90. :3 1~
10. 356
4. 698
:JS, 1.i.l
3, 3117
2, 267
1. 201;
2, 10,
..... ~3fi
1. 392
434
111, IJIIO
H, 332
26, 741
lfi, fi:t1
9:\9
2, 251
3, 4116
1. 632
4. J\4
233
T1~nnessee
Texas _
tah ••• :::::···--·--··
\ 'ermont. .... _
J.i, f,06
179, 7~H
Virginia _____
24, 2!.12
\\'ashingtnn
34. 4~3
,Yest Yirginia
" 'isconsin
\Yyomiog
40, fi12
fi2. 701
1, 171
,i, 279
:?Ii, Ill I
1, 5fi9
Hl, 1211
1,1'.S
3:J,
n.
222
37tl
112
579
143, .1,4
P(~nnsyl~8~ia
.~
2. 7}ifi
."1H
7UO
1, 111-t
J:l. ,411
'· 9 76
:m. 11:m
i. l~I
102,017
2, 0311
I.I. 719
74-l
3, ,"-,/ii
2, 143
S,%:J
6. 3,5
\74
I. 416
b. 69fi
Oklahoma.-·
Oregon
193
2. 429
39fi
287
229
f-),
1119
2, 4S3
426
592
;;74
2, .i05
9,
New York Cit\'
New York (eicluding
New York r'ity )
Korth Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio ..•• • -.
591
952
~'-i2
2()(i
"'"2
I. 773
2. o:{~
I, 4,>J
31. 4,r,
2, !lH,i
2, 740
I, 060
777
2. 041
111. rn1:{
78, 520
10. 715
nso
33
66
I. 512
2, 579
239
90
149
191
532
7, 9fi"',
-1.;,
774
507
25
273
ii6:J
l ,lfi:\
25. llhll
I, Sill
------
2,16 1
118
867
4,365
3 14
392
141
9fi
I, 000
1,033
1\020
lh, :i:.ll
3U, 27~1
.1, 2Ki
-----
3. 2Y7
213
233
214
336
:l,5411
t,!i, 2Y2
Nernrla
532
2, 21'fi
7:-i-i
942
91
132
770
W2
53, ObO
3"-1, 722
b3, 77fi
14. 502
Xew H nmPshi~eNew J ersey
New ~ l e"Xko
1,(127
2, 138
2!i0
3, 241
11. IS,
2,050
Ml\
122. 747
Y, 95fi
1, 21)0
3. 9d,
2il
4. 0-111
.119
3,494
14, 2:\1
2. gsg
l\ f ichi~an
l on l ana_ ... ·--·······
2/4
2, ffiO
2fi, 402
i, J-11
.i. 7/-.3
2. 7;,},,
50Ji
201
h. 342
13. 35S
101. 009
~Iinnrsota
1\ I is~issippi ____
1\1 issouri -------------
711
]f,9
2fi:l
1. 7H'2
393
l\Iassachusetts
5. 7M
IH
387
391
34, 133
19. 270
3. ,4
l\lnryland
5,391
3. U&l
624
I. 3 12
II. Of,7
:irn
7, 217
Louisiana
~I aine
Nehraska
\\'bit e ( 'olla r
Ai r ports
and
Otber
Transpor-
SaniGoods.
Profl>sl ation ~ l isce l•
Sewing Other
s
ional,
T h an
a nd
Ian OLIS
tional
Other
Ecluca· Hccr ea·
clerical,
tat ion
Sewing Il ea ltb
L·1 il·
Stn.•PtS
Facil•
tion
tion
and
Facilities
ities
ities
ser Yice
---- ----1--- ---1---1-- - - - , - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - , - - - 1 - - - , -- 2, 435, 930 l,o:!9,lill:l <?23, 7.:;:, l72, '°'.JO 10:J. 37Y 22i, yr;-..
47, lfi3 37, fiifi 41. 780 23.1, ~ii 179, 830 3 1,447 47,355
47,260
1-----------------------------1---'----------Total
State
Ut gh•
ways,
Hoads.
and
17
4. 57~
fi"-14
:l, 734
I, 15,
:\,10
,11
l, ~21
2. htlfl
2 15
11,
n. 5:-.2
1, 736
570
334
7111
2. o;...,
2, ,i92
3. 21:l
112
471
733
334
4, 321l
3. fi2S
3,
4. 000
,lb5
m,~
330
40,5
l, IJY4
l. b80
12. , 70
I. b95
9 7.1
461
443
156
.'OY
301\
337
' · ti72
,5, i2fi
,i, 3 ;-7
4. \l04
l,l'lli
Ii, 00,i
,:m
:'l2
:i,,
I, Hl7
, no
SH
473
-2 . .
,ifi:3
5:-.,
lfitl
3,0
:::-2
17~
41 3
3,,192
7Q5
,585
45.1
22'.l
446
585
791
741
6~fl
20R
252
I. 333
3.fU
2~
2, oso
f.49
2r;.i
2"4
4. fl52
2, "-106
4,422
1.1,Jtl
I. !i87
112
1. 47.i
70H
143
I. 520
I. J.1.,
5,088
940
H fl
498
I, 24h
480
65 1
67
22
4J-\9
2fi
597
215
fi~4
52
29r,
.i24
363
f,]4
303
44
/ti
1.11'.!ll
U.1'\
Li, (lO
lb. !Ui-
, , 5.i2
4, OS\I
:m. 120
3,183
20.1
2,900
4. 348
974
s:i7
2,900
3. 994
931
.i9fi
4, 1,11
·L 2-''i3
'210
2. 794
I. ll:12
fill
1..... m.. 2
2,003
5.'i-l
19
609
42:l
11, 4:Jli
2. ltlY
210
I. 7111
374
43r,
70,
I 7, 2il~I
S40
!l, lll4
1,9
I. JS3
61
I. 607
400
1. 3.13
703
345
1, 3~3
451
303
2,403
239
414
3,534
I, OY:l
14, 4 1:l
2. H27
I.OW
I. fi:i,
211.i
141
J.1:\
I. 287
161
I. 916
1. 035
~fifi
5 1I
2, 02.i
3, 202
440
J.062
45:\
1. 6.5fi
I. Go,
452
5, 194
1. 851
217
233
431
844
!~I
4,
1,010
t54
2,589
398
37
399
6S4
2,061
I, fi34
102
~~J
1. 77H
3113
2311
939
22
2fi3
2, 227
224
405
4!11
201
li39
I. 334
2.'>5
;~,~
1.mu
2-tl
445
2, HH
I, 3s7
3:\6
4, fi27
1. fi 71
323
163
I.I
2. 017
26:-..
751
322
2, :J34
f,HJ
Ill. 214
I, 63.5
37fi
fl, :t5.i
l.1>91
:?tJO
J. l"',i
Ill. 2fi9
240
3fifi
21111
!(
:itlH
222
41!:J
I, fi2~1
I. 0311
l2ti
(16
,i-16
468
737
434
fi4
:J.
139
7b6
i. 009
73
17:i
31 4
14
927
112
-ion
1. 197
Hl, 7.i2
4, 6~2
32,,
697
1\32
:J. ~O:l
20, 222
I. 5S8
2, 83\1
1;.i:J
1,310
I. 333
I. ,os
7, .i3H
I. 2.54
}"',, 510
338
63
444
fi3fi
72b
2,\o,
31-1
23
436
621
,120
90:l
JIii
2,901
2, 134
2,912
421
345
I. 747
2, 714
2. 972
7. fi70
2, 146
670
R2
16G
I. ~47
3 Jf,
510
27
6S4
I , ~74
267
I. 920
79
163
APPENDIX 'J'ABLE
TAULE VIL -
P ER ENTAGE DrsTRJB
PEn,-,oxs E.\rPLOYED ON \YPA -OPERATED
8) i\l.uon TYPE OF PHOJEC TS
TIOX OF
PnoJE TS, BY, TATES AXD
Ju:rn 21, 1939
tale
Total
Elip;h\\ ays,
Hoatls ,
and
Stn•t.•t s
Parks
and
Public
Other
lluild-
lfrcrea- s<.' r\'a-
i111,?s
tional
Con·
tion
Facil-
itirs
C'aliforrna
Colorado
Connecticut
Dela wan•
District
Flor ida
or Columhi a
0
1011 II
100. ti
IIKI ll
100 0
100 ll
,)(I
100. 11
JOO. 11
33 2
11 H
I ii ti
II S
-12 ,...
52 It
11 2
2:1 ,)
JO '2
Georgia
100 0
1011 ti
100 O
Id aho __ __
Illinois _
Indiana __
WO II
IOU II
5,-.., _I.._
Kansas __
100 II
1011 11
Kentucky
Jl)(J
Louisia na
11
100 0
J\l aine
• f a r yland
M assacb u SPtlS
100 11
100 II
100 II
?-Iicbiean
IIKL II
JUO II
IIKI 11
IIKl 11
100. 11
i i innesotn
:\1 issisc:i ppi
l\lissour i
M on t a na ___ __
Nebraska
NC\'ada
New H am pshi re
IUO. U
100. 11
11111. 11
II . I
1 2
mi c
15. 6
' 9
32. 2
I I
... :J
I H
5. 2
fl . h
0. ,1
12.,
fi. H
0. 3
I 1. 9
·I f1
n t,
:1 s
a. 9
2. I
2 (I
3. 2
.j
9. 2
2. :i
l I. 3
,::.. i
H 0
f,. I
0 i
I .>
J2 I
' 0
5. 2
lhJ . -1
Ill. (I
IS. I
,) 3 '
j" 2
..., Ii
0 2
2. ;
ij ...,
2G. I
11 U
53 2
33 \I
6 2
5. il
llltf
Iii.,;
17 I
i '2
41). ~,
I I. Y
3fi. ,')
7
0. 2
2 3
0. '
;,0
1111
12 I
13. 7
I I
I I
S. I
S. '>
13. 11
12 4
I. g
II '4
,.1.,
()
Ill. 9
' II
IO.'
H. ;
Ii. I
2 ...
2. /j
II ti
ti. 0
Hi. O
2. fl
IS. 3
25. '>
:W. f>
2 !l
II '
New Jer"tey
100. 0
1: I
New 1Ie:..ico
100. ll
'2fi . ti
II 4
5. I
--·
New York City
Xcw Y ork (e\cluding __
New Yor k C'ity) .
North C'a rohna
North Dakot1
Ohio __
llKI II
!') ,-
!ti. 2
JU. 5
IIKL II
100 II
IU'IU
IIH L II
3; ...
42 7
JI II
1. 2
~
~Ii
1:1 '
I !1
1.0
:?2 ti
Oklahoma
Oregon
IUO 11
100 IJ
P nnsyh·anin
Rhode Is la ntl
So uth Carolina
So uth Dakota
rreo nessec - --
rrcxas ___
Utah ___ _
Yc r mont
-- --- ------
Virginia _
\V ashing:ton
\\"Pst \ ·i rj?inia
" 'isconsin
\\' yom ing
100 II
100. 0
100. U
11111 0
1110. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 11
100. 0
JOO. II
5 1 Ii
!I
cu,
:m 2
I. 3
1.7
0. 9
Iii. 3
h. I)
; 6
JI 5
II '
I I
2 3
2. 2
I 2
1. :1
2. I
I 2
I ti
12 6
5. 0
S. 9
6. l
2. 2
0 fj
2 I
1.1
I.'
l 3
2. 2
l 9
I 2
l 2
·I. i
0. 5
I 0
Ii. 7
I 4
0. fi
0 3
I
I. II
2. 2
Ii
0. l
111
l I
5.
6
4. 51
,.5
I. 4
0. '
I .1
l. 9
2. 1
.,
7. I
'
10. i,
I 2
l3. 9
I) 9
5. ;,
2 3
i
I fi
2 I
I II
2 2
3.
0 2
21
~
l. 4
}.Ii
2. (I
O. l
0 9
0, i
0. 7
0 !I
3. lj
4 g
1 .1
Ill.II
0. 2
3. )j
·I 9
''
; 2
5. 3
1:l. I
I l
111 9
l 0
i,i
i. i
2. Ii
3. i
2. i
2. 9
3. 7
5. I
3.11
2. 3
l.S
10. I
0. l
3. 9
1. i
2. ...,
0. i
•°'- 6
3 I
2 -I
2. ()
I 3
1.1
I I
2. 3
11.fi
7 3
II I
I.I
5. 2
4. Ii
9. 4
3. 3
2. \)
20. 6
3. 2
4. 4
3
4. 3
3. 9
12 l
LO
7. 0
1. 8
0. 3
2. 0
0. g
2. 1
13. 5
' .0
0. 5
l.i
1.0
! Ii
4. i
11. 9
ti 2
2 S
1. '2
1. :J
12 2
12. 0
; 9
i.3
0 '
I ;
11 U
I H
I 3
l.;
I. 3
I I
1.i
0. S
0. 4
I. il
0. 3
I. 4
1..1
i. 0
26. 9
2. 9
JU. 4
fi. 3
;J II
I 2
I.Ii
5. 7
5. 7
I
0. 3
3. 7
5. 1
16. 1
1.11
II. 7
0. 1\
0. jj
2. 3
IJ.l
3. 2
0. Ii
1. :1
ll. S
0. 2
l 0
fr 3
lh. i
I. 2
I ft
.4. u
9. !
1.0
2. 4
13. 4
i.6
l.(i
2. t)
~ C
2. ...
2. :i
l.;
10
S'.!
14..5
Ii
2. 2
l 4
n. i
0. ll
1.1
2. b
0
3. 1
9. 4
3 3
I 7
2 ()
I ;
1\1. U
5. 1
b. I
·I 0
G. i
i 3
fl. 2
I 0
I)
l 8
2 i
2 5
l. ,1
34
111.:1
3 ;
9. 3
I I
s
5. ,)
17 0
2. 0
..., ti
uu
l S
0. Ii
u. s
~
I I
21 0
'.! I
1V h
(I. 9
fi.1. g
2fi. .1
l 0
2
'2 . h
I :J
2. 2
2. U
·I.'>
41. 2
27. I
3. S
4. 2
IH.'
6. II
I I
2. 1
2. .1
(I l
J I\
12 It
Ii . fl
lb. 3
9 3
2. 2
II.',
11.0
4. 5
31. 9
l 2
2 ...
0. s
II. 3
l. 5
0. i
IO. 4
;j
I 2
2. 3
2. 0
I.I
ti
3 3
i 4
11 I
U. b
3. 0
'1 . V
Ii . . _,
.... 0
I4 l
13. 7
3. I
.'). 4
~
2 fi
0 fl
4 II
1.0
12 3
9. 9
J:l4
9. 2
~:I
fl. Ii
l.:J
l. H
10. I
37 h
2 ,1
l 9
l_3
2 I
I. II
2. ~
-Iii. 0
.' )fr;
11 b
411. :i
00. .,
42 fi
11. I
l__
4. 3
9. S
.1. 7
57 '}
1'1 '2
3. 2
4. 4
JI. i
Ill II
.'l. I
0. 2
3..,
4
--2__.
U
; ~.
~ I
l II
~
I '
l ;
111 II
I C
4
:4an1Olhe r
taI ion ~I 1scelThao
and
lnn<'ous
Sewing H ealth
I I
., .
.j
;
n:i
I ~I
I 2
n. i
ti. l
, . :J
i 3
1'2 ,;
100. 0
Lowa __
2 I
C}oods,
c,:~:r
i 0
llHl II
Alabama
Ar izona
Arkansas
\\'hit,, l ' o ll a r
Airports
Sysand
terns
J-'roft.-'sOther
end 'rrnns
por- Educa- Recrea- s.ior:ial.
O th er
1
tut iou
•
t 'til·
tiou
tion
F'acilitirs
1ties
sen · ice
!Sewer
1.i
1.5
2. h
2 I
t.~ I
3 3
J 3
Ii. 5
11. 3
)fl q
3. I
Iii. I
3 '
~- 2
I.II
3. 2
2 i
1.7
2. 7
4 2
l.i
II. 2
II. I
'.!. H
0. H
IH
2. 0
0. ;
3. 1
2 5
ti. 4
0. B
l 2
TABT,E VIII. -
STATUS oF F uNDS UNDER ALL
ERA
A cTs Co~rnTNED AND UNDE R THE
1' 11ROUG II
ERA
A c'r OF
1938,
BY A G EN CI ES
...-'
311, 1939
JUNE
O",)
JsRA Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1V3H
Allocations
Obligations
~
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - EllA ,\ ctof IV3'>'
I
I
A gr ncy
A
Expt•tHlitun:s dtirlJlg yPa r t•ntling Jum· 30--- _ _ _ _ _ _
-------1939
1930
1037
193., and 1931l
Total
\
Allocations
Obligations
Exp,•ndi1ures
- - -----
-- ---- - -----
_ $11, Iii , 431,434 $11, 07:l, 2, 1. 572 $10, \KH, 2,fi, fi43 $3. 124. 5()4, 51fJ $2, '>liO, 5f\',, 9;32 $2, !Kil, 24n, 379 $2,617,972, b l6 $2,581, I Ii, 612 $2 527, 211l, 21;9 $2, !05, 935, li09
( lrand tot'.11 ---1
195,429,352
20'>, 4~ '
227. 034, 603
239,222,072
2ill, 321, 183
512,370, 1,.,5
311,584,066
t. 4113, 24/l, H, · 1); ~ I. 33\1, 49'>. 206
D epartment of A~ricul!urc
107.123
117.44,>
122,003
!Oi,423
1117,423 _____________
11 7, 44 5
122.1103
Agricul!ural Ad justment ,\d 1111111,trat1on
127,IMlO
152.501
200,000
272,391
568,300
1, HSi,1 76
_
2,i2i,bi0
2,Mlfi,542
3,IXl/l,11\1:l
Agriculluralf.conomics
:J.~9,
3, 898
3,900
3,b98
121 _____
7,019
11.041
11 ,11 11
11,01:l
Agricultural ls ng111eprmg
- ---_ ____ _
9 17
i. b94
901.[,2·1
73fi, 3G8
I. 649, 703
1, I\Hi. itl:l
1,051.322
Animal Industry
I, 229, 4b0
I, 302, 71G
I, 321,786
I, 474,694
I, 49(j, 376
I, fi(il), 718
332,273
4, 9fi4, 061
5, 1)9:,, IJX I
,), 173, :,OU
lliolog1cal ~llr\l')'
_ _ __
__ _ ___ ____
______
2, \l\lll
2,990
2, \1\111
2, 9\111
Dairy l nrluslry
7.1151,, 11-li
i, 4Gi, 690
7, fi55, 474
7,4 28,507
i, 915,074
11 , 5:li, :J II
JO, G~5. 3:15
40, 5111,, ~57
411, \Ii,, !J:!H
•II, /il:J, rnr.
Entomology and Plan I (l11nrantllll'
_
l;,
,\ll,ll
1.951,lll/i
2,(Xll,ll6U
2,IHll,lllitl
2,11114,IJW
E,Jl'nsion Senic,• . .
Farm 8eC'Uflty ..\dn11m st r aI1on
Ji'on,•st Per YiC:l' .
1I (111wEconorn1l's
_
National Agr1e11lturnl H,•sc•a rl'h <',•nt,•r
Pl a nt 1ndustry
.
Puhl icRoads
Roil C'onser n1lion s,•n "'"
\\',•atber llur('all
Orm•raladmmi strnl1\i'l'\Jlt' ns1•:,;
lfndistr ihutcd hy prognu11s
Aclmiubtrator of the Unemploy11u.•nt <\•nsus
Ad \1sn ry Committef on Allotm e nts
All,•y lh, elling Authority
Arehitectufthc C'a p1 tol
C'in l Aeronautir·s _\ ulhoril) 11
U. :-. Ch·i l 8cn ·iee Comrn,,sion
Civilian Co nse r vation Corps
Department of Commerce
Ai r Commerre
C
C'cnsus
Fishe r ies
I ndu strial I~C'Ol10lllic.•s
Li1,!:h t housc-.
.
~tan<ln r ds
fl(•nernl a<lministrall\·C' l'xpPnses
Coordm ato r ror Industrial Coopt•ration
l/· S. Employees' Compen,auon ('onunission
.
f nr mf'n.•d1t..-\dm1ni strat1on
Fc-drral Enl<.'r,l.!;('J)C'YHt~Ji(•f .\dm mistration
713, 7h,5, 401
.57, Y29, !N~
711, 7:-,2, 7fil
57, .17:?, :?f,(I
2.nrn.290
2,n:ttr11 1
r, l:l, Mil
I, 11119, ~'Oil
I bO, Y55, Hli
6,843, I2:i
li9, Y27, fi8G
0, IHI;, 858
11)9, 2-...1, 144
fl, l fd, '-il 2
1,:{:?o,:.mu
fi83, 02Y
5:-,:2,550
.1-t1.s2:i
I, Ul>H, 21111
[)22,494
4\Jfi,oao
r,43 , 80 1
44 ,\, '>91
9,786.818
8, 7%. 703
1,937. 076
l,72fi,b94
14 5, K91
11 /i, bUI
lih.3, 1, 750
35. iii, r,:35
lb, ihl
127,508.14,\
14, 71,\, Ill I
11, rn,11
211,1111.r,ii
9, :in. !i99
i , 1191
i 9,692,9fi4
2,740, 42,
10
311, 142,0fi4
8,937.894
----- -10,7 14 , 2%
.
1:l,i:l t,09li
_____ _
13,lbi, 179
:J. t3U,n:i~
6,5fi2,117
__
______
l.Gil.20I
____ _
1, 813,920
____
2, 11 3,77'!,
15,,5,53.mm
I , i7i , :ifio
85,057
I, Sti'.!, :HI
17, 127
:lll5, 497
:lf>.l,liYi
2:12, 1113
JIU, 5311
Ji. f)07, 12 1
12, t!KI, 707
5U2, li2'-I, ti50
Ml, 03-1. f>5fi
12. ns.~. 572
:Jli5, l!li
:JR5,f>III
318,.1111
11!1, ,\3f,
~
--
17, 127
:lli5, 197
3fi l,li97
2KJ,,r,,
1111. r,:lo
1. Mta, h!U
~ 5 . 000
17, 127
rn.o29
l ~O. f)f>i , 2KI
7,454, li39
4\19,~~11,82,
36. 7:12, 9<J 4
IK, ihl
H,Uill.fifl7
~J_.~HH
75,000
707. 111
lHY, 297, 2.5➔
12, 248. () ,1( )
a.-... I
501i,h2,,1~12
37, h:Jll, h5:J
lb, ihl
99.Hf,:--.
________
:rio.
Hf1fj
2lf>.
22, :-i:!7, ooa
39. !~Ii
:m, 770
12. ;-,2, 1111f
2Gi OCH
IO,ib0,4~11
, 33, lf,i
fti, ()40, ,177
:?.~5.7~8
134, 5I~. 43H
14,510, 81-\6
:1u, 770
39, 770
:it13, fil9, n"o
nm,, 74:i, 930
1
I
Hit, :358
37 1
17. 12(>
6,472
__ _ __
llli. r,:, 1
- 11
1. 013, !i2.-.,
I lti, 322
6; 571. 019
4,903,708
51:!, 203
G70, Ii i'.!
267. OGl
10. 7711,265
i21l, 27~
O, l8fi, ls3
99,
.,\15
4,417,301)
I'>, 8,\'l
9Y,UG.°"i
rn.o:m
3fi, 7lJ2
18,2.5:i
62, 7/JV
77fi
7!,,noo
7.5,000
700. Yii
21,.5HI
208,377
53, l f,0
320, .i,'1 1
701, !Iii
:t3, 838
229, 1o.,fi5
37, I9fi
134,928
I, 70'>
31,5 1,
576, 11 6
________
407
Z
~
0
0
t,,J
229. lb
278,29~
____
i 31l. 4,0
643, :i:i:i
23, lOfi
23, lOfi
1\2 1. ,\!)fi
106
~
~
~
-- ·------
-----_____
25, 71.!2
30, 07~
..,._\J
5,500,000
25, si.,1
2,'i, 2~4
5. 3b2, 721
.,, 371,0 15
.-
1:n. l3f> - - - : , . , . 101
l iri, 170
174. 371
21. ,\ 11 , r.:iu
21, a:ll, ih;
t. ,12, ii,
6,231. W.\
5. 228. 390
8,359, JIU
lfi,h84,200
934.272 , 779
W,xi.,:i,;,...07
9:{ 1,21 1 1I S
lli,h.."'i:J,b07
u:H , 170,S l 3
12,204,0,ii
92H,72I .:! 17
1H~li20
:1'97~·0,s
- 1 58 1
4~1·21n
-~93
-10 l it!
--·-
I, 330,000
20. 62·1, 7i I
4, 2.S7, 90/l
19, 4:lO. 2.\:l
>zj
,-.,
571), I 16
23.
--------_
594, 313
683, 301
-
4, 319:8~
I, :10 1: h35
3: 51ia: 111
2,983,572
la, 230. 709
15, 2:ll: lllill
I.\, :!311, IKKI
Opneral Atl'Ollllllllg omc•,·
42, 47\1, 248
57, 21J(i, tv:l
li3, Hi8, 59:J
24,556, 21l0
187. 4 JO, :Jll3
lil2,-3i3, 219
19'>, 944, 73!,
D epartmen t of the lnt eri<,r
___ _
2 1, ":?2
48, nos
70, .~17
70, r, 17
70, fil7
Bil__un11no11s Coa_l C'o1111nis!-.ion
573.!;00
377.283
1, 75 1.2113
41 X,3 1~
3,1211,298
:J,111,llOI
3.213.2:ll
~ a1ecof lcrlu ca t1 on
,5,R4S
90,aO:l
12,31:l
108,694
108,llU·l
1118,liU I
______
C, eolog1ca l S11n·ry
1,403
K7,5!111
1,.\ 15, 17.\
571U fi6
2,180.2-~1
2, l'lll, 3 1K
2,182.111;5
om eeof l ndi a nAfT,11rs
16,/i5 1,648
9,485, 274
lll.H70.921i
12,4511
31L721l,298
38,2~ 1.s:m
39.G32.9 13
Na 11onalPa rk~r n1C·1• .
13,722, 84:l
12, 18(), 1)20
21, fil) J, li9.5
6,452, 53r,
51,023, lin l
5!i, hill, fil8
.,i, 678, 71)9
Puerto Hien H l'('OJIS lrn t'l!Oll .\ dmn
0, 90 1, 973
16, b98, 555
25, 102, 8\0
15. Ob i , f,:lJ
64, 288,001
65, 31i5, 9llfi
66,652,000
~f R~r!>lllrnt1on
- --·-- - - - 9,396 --------------- --------- 9,396
9, 3gr,
9,396
T~rrit~;1,,',;~n~ l \~\'.~~•,\t '\\ossr<ssio ns
226, 932
S.97-1
__ __
235, 906 _________
2~2,317
449.~00
.
Al aska Hailroa, l
l0,522
376.HU
170,777
56 1,399
1,11 9, 446
l ,11\l,H6
1, 134,930
AlaskaHoad<'omnuss ion
11 3, lfli
24 ,00 1
20, 359
157, 527
W3, IIJ,5
199,052
Alaska- misel'ilaneous
419,350
375,685
,520
401
,048
121
203
18,
1,3
I. 360, 287
I. 4114. 55,
Oo,·crnm ent of the \ ' 1rgin lsla nrls
3,515, 71 3
rn,255.07,
19. 770, 790 -- ---·------- _ ______ __ _ _
20,074,927
21. 684, 712
U.S. ll ousm~Au thortl y 0
439.19;
1.124,027
J, 4fil.77:l
1.261,69 1
4,2<.,i,2~~
4. 323, lfi7
4.521 , 130
__Q_e1wrnl arlmio1strat1 \'rexpc'nsr•s
~ ' ~ransfcrs of\\ PA fund s to othe r agenc ies under the EHA .\ cl of 193~ a re includ ed in the res pecti"e agency amounts.
F uncl s transfrrred from allocations made crie:inally to thC' Bureau of \ ir Commerce, Department of Commerce.
c Hca ects transfe rs m ade to the C'ivil Aeron a utics Author ity
0 lsxpe ndi t ures m ade by tbc P\\' A llousing Division o n projects transferred to the U.S. H ousing Authority a re included in th e H ousing Division ite m
( Concluded o n next page )
2"'~'t
9
!;d
--- ------
===-=--I ==::~~,,=l===cc=~
-------
:iv. 42,\, O(XJ
I i fi, I bo
l======I=====
:3 1
146. 2fi4
~
>-3
O
11. ~.\7
21i7, M l
t,,j
~
O
"d
- ----
----- _
38,(i92 ____ _
30 1.~9-I
232,043
lfH , 2 1t
r,n,
10, iil.2:J:l
7 11 , IV9
m.J.HIJ:o-i
rn.n2u
194, 61\i
325,634
~
----------
4,287,598
Ii: U90, 178
536,M l
557, 8 13
590,000
_______ . ___ _
__ ·:______________
7,595,189
8,2-12,6631
8,804,903
s, bO I, 660
9. 450, IH5
9,905,858
------ ---------- ---- -- ----------- 192,959
239, 400
239,400
_____
____
_____
10,. 250
113. 027
130, &13
361. 417
403. ?75
431. 851
- -----394,059
423,060
521,919
,.'"ti
~
g
;d
1;:
"'
TA B L E
VIII.
STA1' CJS oF FUN D S UNDE R A LL
ER A
A cTS Co AIB INE D AN D UN D E R T H E ER A
TaROUGH
'"C,..
"'_,-,
I
Allocations
BY A GENCIES
Co11clu d ed
ERA Act of 193b •
A
Obligations
l~
I
-1 __ J 193/i and 1936
IJepanment of Jus tice
Attorney Oenera l 's Offi ce ·-· ___ _
Bureau of Pr isons
__
General administrative expenses
$4, 321 , 439
43, .500
j(), 000
4, 22i, 939
$3. 88 1. 110
D epartm ent of Labo r
U.S. Employment Sen ·ice
Immigration and Nntura liza tion
Labor Statis tics
Secretar y's ClfJice
OenL)rnl aclmmi stratin? ex 1wnses
37. t>SH. 884
33. 9:i,5. OO l
17.\ 528
2 SIS -114
• I i3'. 050
.,fili. 091
35. 576. 3 18
31,9i 6. 45U
I i5, 528
2,692. 564
li2,120
M9, 6b6
35, 4H . OOi
31,946, 142
I 75, 528
2,624.803
169,,74
557. i60
855, 3S3
4. 2<.16. 042
3,413,242
8 16. 52<J
4, 163. , 54
3. 20fi, 2'J3
840. 335
4, 127. 824
3, 065, 4i 3
Librar y of Con~ress. __ _
National Ellll'rgency C'ouncil
~ational Hesourct.:'s Comrniltl'C
Dcpartnwnt of the :S:avy:
Yards and IJocks
1938,
Expenditures d urin g yea r cndin ~ June 30-
Ag<' nCy
1- -- ,..
A cT OF
30, 1939
ERA Acts of 1935, 1936, 193i, and 1938
-1-
l,
J UNE
l====I=
-- --
Prison Indus trit•s Reor~anization Adina
Publ ic \l' orks Adm inistra1 1on
~
Hous mgDivisionB ___ ___ __________ Non-Federal Di\'is ion _
Rural Electrification Administration _
D epar tment of State:
Intnnationa l n ou ndar y Commission
D epartment of the Treasury
U.S. Coast O uard
.
Office of the t,ecre1a r y c _
Procurement l)i,·is ion
Public Health Ser vice .
Ot1 nrral adm inis trative expenses
Veterans' Administration
\V ar Department
Corps of Engineers
_______ _____ _______ _
Ollie,, of Chie f of Stall
___ _
Quar te rmaster Corps
___ _____ _
Ornnal administrat i Vl' C'xpenses
\ Yor ks Progress Adrn inistration
\VP.\-upcrate(l 11rugrums
W ork projects and miscellaneous pro-
43,410
49,2 13
3, 788. 487
$3. 735. 797
37, 9Ui
H 156
3, 653. fi44
1937
$974, 382
$653. 762
- ---
-
653,762
11,060. 140
10, 74b, 554
ll 6, 731
1 ·
1
46. 2\13
148. iifi2
189, 3114
I, 45, , GG,
729,202
63. 01,2, 817
62. 252. 820
61, 559,056
15,100,116
:J.13, 0-ll
346,_oi3 _ _ _ 346, 221
63. fi44
6. l\ll-. =39-1- •·-~3~9,-; ,~7-48-,' ~i76~, ~ . %9. 380 ~ - 255. 1•11,
h2,S.54,9S3
82,Hfi4,953
82,854.953
19,626, 725
313. :mi~
312, h93, ;,23
298. 134. 42i
11 3, fi2b, 423
15,652,024
15, 312,176
15,084,824
1,455, 218
152,264
I 19, fi9fi, fi47
5,1 41 ,999
II, 660, 49.1
3, bib , -IOi
6, i26. 190
92, 2i-9. ,556
2. oo:i. 102
252, flit!, i Ii
166. 593. 759
3. 193. 255
79,092. S49
3, 19(1, %4
7. 047. 980, iii
-6, 784. 839. 967
grams FJ __ _
W PA and NY A adminis trative expeo:-es _
ndistri buted
__
WP A -financ,•rl programs of F'eclrral agmcies unde r the ERA Acts of 1935, 1936,
and 1937 F _
N Y.\ programs __
\\'atrr t·onscrvation and ut ility prokrts n
1938
-
-
$1. 186. 832
34, 468
-
-- ---
974,382
15, 233. 165
13, 499.41 6
58. il 6
1,5 12.2112
115. 31 7
47, :il4
$920,821
3, 529
44,1 56
873, 136
--
1, 152,364
345, 775
I, lb2. I Ill
037. 363
170,256
682,1 53
71 5,973
135,0m
1;()4, s93
682, 935
l 7,659. IJ02
13,600,374
122,41,i
15, 199,561
5, i ll2
160.318.022 ~ . 148. J18
43. 71 3. 8,,1
19. 514. 37.
llfi, 604,1 71
54,633,74l
8, 230, 700
4,370,840
$1,306.130 ,
3. 500
50,000
I, 252,630
$936. 11,9
3. 465
49,2l3
883,5 11
36, 8-10, 483
2,739,119
4.30 1. 15()
- 1,091, 700
1, 896.359
28. 992,564
301. 670 _
69. 588,749 .
152, 264
24,079.521
581,221
1,447,936
4.980
964,292
21 ,081.092
242. i 66
48, 41 9.1 37
142.000
850, 000
790. 1100
_
Ex1>t•ntlitu n·s
I
_
l3,.4i0
i,09.1166
668. 1Kl3
$850. 0~7
3. 11)5
44 .1 56
802, :l\16
I====
132,WO
785. f145
,16fi, bl5
14, 782,014
14, 554,609
_
____ _
13,268,092 - - - _
I
152, 264
114. 374. 151
32. 523. 925
5,058, 467
I. 446, 602
ll , 162, Ob-I
3. 915.Nl
Jl i,i .... , 402
2, 035.293
2. 695. 334
6. m,2. 640
6. 38-l, 919
2. 412. 321
90. 66i, 63 1
!,9, 733. 388
22. 054. 28fi
2. 265. 2b3
2. 235. 918
923. 813
~-~ -- - ·
1-=
246,151,508
:.,.J J, u,s. 087 1
90. 81 i , 208
161,802. 078
78,81 4,696
1
16-1. 1,.(). 339
3. 191, 149
3. 184. 2W
75. 630, 73fi
75,086.301
I I. 023, l06
3. 1-19. 284
3. 002. 328
979. ·I06
7, 02-1. 2:l',, 439
6. 916. 078, 274 I. 305, i,02, ,Si
1 - - -- - -1
6, 761. 7,2, 609
6,657,860,051 l, 258, 130, 249
Obligations
7,061.480
2, 119, 222
3, 892,607
2,010,015
I, 914,332
6, 456, i6i
l, 241 , 405 3,000, 000
1.11,5, 994 l - -1, 15b, 412
81 ___ __
__ __ _
___ ___
286.089
826,5 12
848,914
780,1,19
713,115~
s. 141,
16 ---- --- --- -_
310,395
51, 2b9
43,693
43,202
42. bfi2
l!i4,3bi,
152,264
114, 4,5V, 445
5,084 , 913
11. 265. 8.59
Allocatio ns
1939_
I___
____ _
----___
13, , 62, 574
--- ---- - - ____ _
-
20,930,222
291,525
1,494, 611,
426,68~
I, Ill , 947
17,605, 414
767. 669
34,249, 1,93
24, 480,085 -20, 7l2, 637
330. 157
276. 513
1,639,902
1.581, 175
3,008.000
7, 994
l,391, 097
1,358,993
18, 110. 929
17,487. 962
597, 569
534, 971
25,490,607
23. 763,3 15
-167,450 1
"O
cc-=~~==
13,268,092 1,028, 066- 1
--- - .
166, 735- 1
8
2. 11 3. 466
-4, 956
23, Ill , 552
25, 186, 793
337. 033
l, 227, 392
I, 478,858, 500 - 2, 232,348,026
I, 427, 374 ,309 2, 154,224,991
~mooo
~ ~~
21,045.003
I, 092, 604
2. 21.~. 091. 399
2, 169, 359, 399
20,048.845
I. 066. 301
2. 224. 514,672
2, 149, 202, 753
19, 52b, 402
98i, fi52
2,121,369. ;i ii,
2, 04S. 7R7. 1,,4
~~~
6,504,039, Ol9
6,489, 8•19, 69l
6, 389, 243, 895
I, 193,567, 378
I, 751,286,222
I, 363, 566,376
2,080, 823,9 19
2, 086, 3li, 730
2,074, 612, 07f>
1. 9 77. 174, ~17
272,498,394
8,302.554
271,932,918
268,616, 156
64, 562,871
66,844,280
63,807,933
73, 401 ,072
74,855, 784
8,185,885
74, 590,677
7l , 313,06i
32,252,919 '
230, 202. 911
30, 760, 414
227, 457, 809
12. 136,018
35. 535,354
15,319.623 I
65,619.042 I
321. 686
51. 156. 505
2, 016, 121
75, l46, OOR
75, 732,000
5,000.000
75, 3ll, 919
72, 5~1. f,fi4
32,387, 737
230, 7.53, 067
I
s."ooif. llOO I--
1
I
z
0
I. 075. 770
15, 764, 850
458,497
I , 599. 069, 16i
1,818, 130, 502
n~~
t'J
158,014
1
20,658, 324
266, 93:l
1,477, oll:l
1,269. 62fi
I. 06l. , 2i
16. 5,2. I ;J,1
5()',, 1\49
21.]97. 3ii3
6bl , 29\1
ft&~
>
"O
~
►
t;;i
,....
~
[fl
' T ransrers of \ VP A rund c.; to oLht·r n~t•ucics under the ri: LL \_ .\ ct of l'J38 are included in the respective agency amounts.
Ex penditures mark by tlw P\VA Housing Divis ion on projects trans ferred to the U.S. Ilousing _\ uthority arc included in tbe Ilousinl( Didsion item.
8
<' lncluding the Bur,•au of ln t,•rnal ll cvcnuc.
0
E xcludes $1,277,102 not yet rcimhurscll to the work relief s up ply fund by age ncies for which purchases ha ve been made .
" lncludes s tate work prol(rams, F,,d!'ral :slation- wide prol(ram, purchase of surplus clothi ol( . a nd aid to se lf-help a nd cooperati ve associat ions.
.
..
' E,cludes trans fers un cler the I, RA Act of 1938. Inclurles land u ti lization and rum! r ehabi litation programs administe red by t lw Farm Security Adminis tra1 ion an,l a project 10 Te,as aclmonost,•n'd
by the Bureau of Hcclamation.
n Trans ferred from funds appropri ated to the WPA and made availahlc for P residential a llocation to F ederal agencies.
Sourc(• : U. S. Treasury JJe partm ent report on the sta tus o r funds a nd a nalrses o f expenditu res u nder the EHA Acts of 193,5, 1936, 1937. all!l 1938, a.s of Juow 30, 1939.
f-'
0.,
VI
TABLE IX.-ExPENDITURES OF ALI, AGENC1Ei:; AND OF TIIE \VPA UNDER T H E ERA A c"l'H OF
1935, 1936, 1937,
AND
1938,
BY 8TA"l'ES AND n1
1•' 1,;cAL YEARS
1--'
0:,
0:,
'l'IIROUGII J UNS 30, 1939
Expenditures of the\\' PA IJuring Year ~: nding June
Expenditures of _\II Ag-enc•ie.s During Year J+:nding June 30-
an'-
t;;tale
Tolni__ __ _
_\.laharua
.\ri1ona
\ rk a nsas
\alifornia
l!l:J!i and 111:Jtl
111:17
H!3~
1939
$10. !HH, 2,r.. r,43
$3. 121. a1H ..1w
$2, ,i;o, ;,o, . !132
$2. 1101. 2411, 3iU
$2, 6Ii. n72. ,1r.
lf1, 11 3, fi3I
3!1, 337. "-1{3(1
l fl, iU3, fill
23. ~32, J6i
41 , 171.fiOh
MU.
i f►,\
'..?Hfi
Hfi, fil"'I, "-12fl
13:l. ;l-Hi. 0()1
,1i :J, l!ll, 2fifi
13n. :17n. 2
,o
(,olorndo
Connrctic·ut
Delaware
Dislrit-t of C'olumhia
Flnrilln.
Orori!h.
1()2, Ii 1\1, 72:3
1:!. 717 , (MU
lhtl. J:IS,i,f,J
12\1. 233. 13.1
l!il, Sfi:J. IJ3;
n:~.
ld nl10
311. 21,. o:;,
1r,. 3i3, 3;4
202. l3ll. 632
32, ,;21, , :lli
J.\!i, :J32. S!l4
IH. l f1H. 3~,-.
:iO. ilf>7, '-10,1
I , [122. ,-.oo
!'12, H 12. -.,_,7
21. .lfi5 ..537
:l. 133, 2\Jl
.Ii,. 734. \~)3
4;1.
2'-:fi, li05
,1,, 31:J
~i.11,11, H6:J
J.'i, 401, J!J,1
lfi!I, i4~. :!,2
7'.!. O!i l. aM
:12.t1oti.r>}..,1
Hi, 13 1. iSfl
fiii. i>--H. Hfi4
2riu. ri11. ,~u
1110. 11:11. fi,IG
113. 11:Jfi, 20S
72. lf1:t !Ml
;jli
32,
11, :!iii. ififi
Hll.
1,1,.
134.
,13,
93,
Kent urky
T~ot1i siann
i\Jainf'
i\farylnnd
l\Inssaehu setts
13i, Oi!I, fif3
l\firhi t'a n __
l\f inneso ! 'l
l\fi ssissippi
)Ii ssonri
l\ rontann
l\"e hrao.:ka
Ke,·a<h1
3Hfi. 2,11,
__ _
KPw H ampshi re
Xew Jersey ___ _
N"e,\ !\ l e,iro
Ne,, York
~orth rarolinn
N"orlh l >akota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsyl,·a nia
Rhode Island
Routh rarolina
~011th Daknt l
TennPssee
Teu1s
l' t nh
\'ermonl
\ ·i rginia
" 'as hing-ton
\ Vest Virginia
\\' iscons in
'\\' yomi ng
Nnt <listrihuted hy s tate,
.I laska
H awaii
Pannma Canal Zone
Puerto HiC'o
\'irJ!'in lslnn<I"
nm
2,)0, 'lli, 019
12,, ,30, nn
292, !Ii~. 14 2
I HI, ~-Ii. 312
123, 103. 140
1,. 741. 073
:i.1, ;i.12. 221
3r, I, fii3. 2fii
,;,-., ,12,. ili
,a;,
I
II. 171, ,)i,2
It. 7:lh, 4!/fi
22, I 02, 2!J8
32. 111, h~4
12;, ,; 2r..
nm
IO!I, :t.!l. 114fi
24. 330. 213
8. HU. i!i4
15. 2.13, Jf,9
8·1, ,12:i. 1{14
i4. fi:H, fiUO
iH, hOI, 021
21. !iO!I, 046
2H. fifi:i, fl2f..
2. 207. lh6
ti. na.1. 211
11. 217, •l.\,J
H3, !lfiH, 133
:~ I, '..?~~. Hi2
)Oj. 2113. 922
2ri. :Hi. l[).t
2..\22. 748
hi. :1,1. \121
fl I. ~.12, Ui2
2.'l. kOI. 2fifi
20,731,773
3fl ..Im. 02,1
3:J, i~.1. fiOi
4..121. p,3
3:1. 1111.0!14
2ii. i 12, fi08
11. 51:J. 6hl
iR, 21;1, 6Rfi
nsa. :na
.12, 193, 11 3
21,262, 120
i7, i:$1. I Hi
!14. 331. h311
n:u. Hli. r,2;
50. i 12. fi,'ih
11 ,\. 12!1. O!i6
18. 1-31. 005
;o1. 217
l :J. f13H, ...:72
2,.1121.20:1
11 :1,
!J, 373, 4'.!i
12(), 9f,H, i,10
•I 2, iii\, '-14H
33. k.11, 2~1
at ..'ioo. ,;n3
4Hfi, ii!d, 75:3
Iii. :1 I 2. 2:13
2:i, :?[1P, "'122
lik, i7i, 1Hi
fiH. qfi,\ Ht~
6. 140. 399
IO. !lfih ..\.\,\
:m,Hfi l.:l,J•t
9,819.017
21. 095. 237
IOI. 002. 3(19
24. 169. 32fi
20. 39i. 992
2,021, 'lfi
40. li\14. 337
21. 413. fi71
2fi, 1~1. ikl
4G. 170.410
2.1, 407, ,12:J
fil. iRi, 012
M'. '.?;{ti , 1.1H
l. 3.13. 414 . ;,74
I 2S, :l W. 63,s
UH, It.O, 1,-.4
fi7u. 4,1:1. r.:0
HI:\ fiil. ,,;;:i ;
134. 2:12, f,(1(1
31 I. 6!,!I, 274
RO. i<04, 074
28, 76\J, 68:J
112. \10 1, 060
Hl4. 943. 168
l 18. 7&~. i59
273, 551.292
41. 744,062
152, :l36, 4i0
311, l"'lt1, fl,10
:J2. Hlfl. fi3fi
lndinna
:131 • •127
710, 14U
,u3. fi49
t,0\1, Of,4
1%. 201
3 1, fi62, 01 i
.1 1, fiflfi. fi1 3
lowa
Kan sas
Jllinois
Total
Total
3,1, kfl1', !170
lk. [171, S:{4
I I.I. 174. M2
2 1.
1a. iii. ;i70
Hi. ~2U, !JOfi
n,,. :mn
fil, fl 12, ~20
ao.n:1.:m1
1-"I. ;J,17, .\iO
1:1, 11\ •12i
50. 74g_ 794
3. gr,o, 904
.5, 980, ii7
242, h21
22. 131. 003
fJ07. 31'0
3 1, .\,1 1.
,:,3
H. Gil I. [13~
\11. \~IS.1122
lfi. !IOi .., 17
3i9, OUfi, '.!fi I
2!1. 12h, i0.1
33. 0,11. 1ms
l !d, iik. 2h.t
.1fl, .r:41:?. 2fil
2fi. IKIO. 703
2ti. Ml. :H/6
12, Ml.I. 046
27.mo. r,10
36. 1:10. 021
a:i, O:ri, t1>,.(i
i I . 6:l:,, hhll
14, 6li, :i70
.\, fjfi J.110 1
2i. !i0!1, Hl!J
S0.1102, I 15
'.J!I, 2fi!'1, !H3
H tHfi. :rns
12. Mil, fi03
.14.lifl\1, IHO
I ••\!16,
207
ti, 121, fi2i
4Mi, H3,~
24. 010 ..1,2
fi9!1. 230
6, 2."'lfi_ H~O
i 3, ifi!I, ~~4
9. 4.10. 9fib
2.\0. 1,14. ;.74
20. i,r,t.. Hi2
21. fi43. P:-..i
131. , 3.1_ s6ri
32. !i30. lh9
16. 690. 235
lb4. 32:i. 130
11. 00!1. 350
orn1
HI.
w,.
2:i, 2HA. HF-.9
2:1. h4S ..\62
51, 34b, fi43
(I, 914. 092
3, 71H. .12fl
17,827, .5i8
3.\. 140..154
24. 721. 870
4R. I 15. 739
8, 26fi. 92•1
20, 1t12. 375
4i0. 301
4, I i4 , H22
I , 238
14 , 463. f-73
4f•i. 994
$r.,
U, ~IX. J,l(i
rn. UO!I. t/.1~
au,
131 , (114. ~5i
fiO. 04:1. 179
31, :rn1. 3h0
83. kill , \IU;J
24, %0, 3\12
2s. ,o3. 221
2. 3ii. 190
b 20:1, 2JU
SH. 021i. 22~
IO, ,,1. 170
25i, 211. !186
31. iHI, i2~
21 . lt,H.~ii
214. llt,2. 3.14
4fi. liia. 112.1
J8, 233, 7%
221. 21,!,. 493
1,5. 304, .58 1
33. Ofil. 462
22. 1:111, 7.15
2~. iii , HIS
73, ,\30, 209
I 2, ;1,1,1, IOi
,\, fil I , .18fi
2fl, 731',, 38 1
44 , S.5i, r,rn
34, .\()7. !iifi
fii. 201, fi2n
i , 7Hi, i08
26, ;14;,, 12 1
11 2, 1'!17
2. b.·a. fiiO
a24
1321
\!4.1
33i
7. OJ I. \1·15
13, fifil. b9i
I, 4 IH, 771
n.
72,
2fi, 72~, 3~H
I
$1, 2io. 26i. 22r,
14. 042. 7b3
t. &12. &>b
11 ,391, 245
iO, 867,975
Ill, fi3fi. ~87
2 1, :,ii,
fl:i, Ii:?,
331. n:lfi.
:rn 1.
10, i~b . Oi~I
10~,. 077,
J
J
$1. ,33, 4oO, 12r.
---,-------1- ----
74, Oil , 17~
3fi. 1!12, M1i
114 ,716,341
31. 3S,\, ,\ lh
:J.flflll, J.12
37, Jlf,fi, i2 I
33 ..\ J!i. 201
44. 237. om,
ll . 4fill. llW
llll . 017 , J.17
73. I 1:1. •10:l
2i;. !1:m. J1'3
2tl. X12, ilO
13, r,:i,. r.:m
34. 070. ,,gr,
m,,. r,211, 464
r,~'.?. H~O
Mi, , O!I, iOI
7 I. 7.1,. Ufib
rn.2.,0 1111
11:iH, 410
11!,I. 17.1, HO
n
211a, \ 1f\fi, ;Jfi7
fifi. :ll l, 51i
,o. r..1 1. 73:J
!lfi, ,2!1, ~19
,Cl ..112. H!i8
20, l,i2. OJ.5
:lk. 21'1, 47.\
:JI I. r.fir,, {1~4
2,•. ,:i:i, 201
lMI, AMl,>,(J J
S.1, HS-I, 7Ui
I!ll , UH'.!, 154
l fi, i7!1, fl;JO
AO, .11i;\ 22~
I
1!1:1,
193i
1936
1i.&i1.tma
6. !ilf1, 0IO
15. 499. 3fi5
!OIJ. f.32, \1118
20,603.010
lb,b2a, 713
J, GR.'i, t,i I
1H, 15R, 2111
10. I70. i-84
12. 3:11. f,95
14, \l'-fi. 465
4, 41-0. 4112
i,J. ob4. 02:i
16. 38.1. (142
19, 163, 437
.\, 356, ,\19
126. 712. 2:l6
!i2. 31 I, SS6
Ii, i19,'107
26. 2i9, OR4
21. 43fi, 188
40, 7[17, 1114
11,-126, 9-14
Io, 013, 428
13, M,9. 347
JH. 03:J, 788
4,307, i38
8,813. 70.1
ri:1. \12.1. 003
4:l, !117, 093
:10. :mn. 202
21, 2iV, Jfi2
6, 182. 433
12. 188. 219
HI, 3fi.5, OiO
!'>7' 453, fi[13
41. 90~. k 19
H, 1.11 , 64fi
H, 782, i!"i,1
30, %3, 631
i , 192. •I07
!i2. 84fi. H.\f,
12,441. 3i2
If. ,93. 121
),,198,:l74
I', 024, 775
74. 0:12. 323
,. rnri, mo
J
l~KHI
$1. 127, 7111 . nu,,
13, S(/0, h,J
5..141, \1:12
12. 2,:i. 1:m
ii. JhCI. \IOI\
1:1. l!11, ;171
16, 10:1. 717
I. S."'lfi. !JOO
12, ~:?2, HiO
Hi, :.?70, 027
14. !181. 178
5. I 2i, :JH6
!Oi. 03\1, 4:ll
44. ti:1:1. tl3f,
l !i. tr,,, 320
Ii. <JOJ. O\lfi
2l. 211 , ififl
16, 4-li. I 10
3. 827. kli3
7, HJf1, 124
fi~. ifi,1, 1~ 1
Ml, 121, ;1,11
3:i, Hfi,
n,;
10. ml2, ifiU
41. 13.1. {11 7
10. ,s 2 I, IS7
I.I, lllfi. il8
I. I 13.1-S!i
4. I 12. 042
2110 ..1.1!1. 2(12
I. 112. 1,,9
3. 2~0. S7fi
4.1. 3.14, i39
'.!H. 0!1:i, i.15
.1, 0,'i;), ~29
i . lf'l,1. 1~3
.1, .~.l'ii . OOi
1. Ol :i, 2f1U. OfiR
25 I, 704, ,li4
314. 360. fi.5 1
13 ..171 713
I.\. 41-2, 230
I I 7. 323. 7ib
32.2'!1• .'i()fi
13. :)06. 644
208. 402. 14 I
s. 472. R95
12. 6.14. :l03
JI,, 32,. 602
Ii. 522, :lb i
3fi, U91, 017
7. 3f'fi. 209
2. 46:J. 860
12. ·146. Mi
24. ;J.15. 80 1
27. 418,018
45. 262. 030
3. 0.1 I. 267
209, !16:l. 241
11. 21\1. 432
,. :rn,. r,:1 1
!Of., , 61, h03
21, f,JJ . 010
11 . 1116, f,(12
lM. 4.17. i:!3
8. 716,045
IO. 811 , 06:I
!l.1'11.\. ,\.) 2
II. t,6 . 2.\2
:,, "'l{IH , Hlfl
20, ifi,-., ~f,H
A~. IM, .100
:1 ,. 221,. r.:1s
,\ 13. :JI". !129
110, ~ (ltl, li,1
16. 757 • .\62
6u.'}. 1,12. 7!16
:!7, 6fil, !199
!i:J. f,,I , \141
13, 7711. :Jk6
6!i, ;,2,, !134
11m. 13.r,. 1,2
2,~..\Ofi, 8i6
11 , Wi, 200
Iii. (11 3, 220
ltlll, 4 20, r,.14
!I t, .102, \Ill
Ji2. om, . .1 12
JO, fifi l, :Ji4
10, ,59U. i I 7
I. 71.1. 013
S7. \llO. 260
,3f,.[,Jf,
h. 7iG, 117
127, ;11,3, 2b9
2,.
6. [127. 163
8,337.326
,\. 3111. 869
13. Hl4. !2i
2,, 217, 754
Ii, 227. ,\08
I. 1134, '.J20
10,160, 139
16. f>l4, 061
lfi,M!l.:lOS
31,1134. 738
2, 4i8, 231
I
JO. 7\J2 .149
20. i43
6, 7:ll , 030
no. ,n,. :J7i
2~. fi!IO, 240
n. 2kf1, i2:1
2, 2fl8. 289
9, !12!', (Iii
2 I. 210, 6:,8
19. ,7:1. 280
36. 7.lfi. 994
2. m.2:12
14, 243
t@
'"· ,136
2, OJ.I,
~2 1;,1, 201, us
21'. 26~. !i31
7. 70 I. 994
:?4, 2'J~. k72
!JI. \l!i!i, J.56
20, 9f,0. 036
2:l,%8. fi23
2, :120, 703
17, 14H. 88f,
27, 771,30~
30, I lfi. i,3i
i, Oi.l. 013
17i. 8:!7, 148
fifi, 2fi:~. 2:ll
21. 737, 346
21 , to.I, 12.\
37 . .592. 515
26, i82, 708
r., :123.991
10. 022, 427
1011, 1'10, 180
121. ;141 , 104
.12. 22', 0-15
21. 02i, 62i
66, \19fi, 020
I.I. 321, 9G·l
20.3 19, 193
I, i44 , 35i
7. 020. ,l ,fi
Ml. 707, ,,13
H, 2>,.1. 336
231. 221. fi92
22. 7.51. i2R
!I. fi33. 764
20 I, 22'J. O,R
:1.1. 232, 41 3
13, 65~. 109
20 I. !IO\I. 633
13. !145. 806
21. ,69, 249
IO. 2 !!i, 373
2:1. 32.\, 961'
:,2, 23,\, 56 I
8, ti28, 43fi
I, fiOO, 731
14 ,381, 487
35, 2 10, 124
2~. 6fi2, 335
,\!I, II t.\, 7.50
2,960, r,44
12,.5!\0, :HI
-118
2, 1\11 . .1\1:l
J ~I i
15. 340, IO~
7.lh. 111
4,015
22
and \\. PA and N'Y A admin isA I ntlude" \\' P \-operated proJ!' rams · ~tatP work progrnrns, Federa l :\f atrnn-,, ide program. purch ase or s urplus c· lothing , ,!?;rants to seH-help and cooperative associations. adminis
tered by the Dureau of
trative e,penses· also \\'PA fund s s pent on land utilization and rurnl rehnhilil ation pro~rams administPrerl h y the Fnrm 8ecurity \ dminislrminn and on a project in Texas
Recla mat ,on
Sou rce· L; . S Trea,11ri l)eJ>art111ent report on the s tatus of fund s nncl ana lyses o f exJ>enditures under the EHA Atls of JU;J!,, rn:rn , rn:17, a nd 19:!8, as of Jun e 30. 1939 .
;o
t<J
"C
0
~
0
z
~
0
C)
~
Ul
Ul
0
>zj
H
:ii
t<J
~
"C
>
"C
;o
0
C)
~
>
~
lu7
APPE TD[X TABLER
X .-
T A BLE
ll O L' R" A:\'D
EARN !'-( ;,-; OF J>~; n :-;oN:-;
l~J\IPLO)ED ON
\ rPA - OPEHATED
PROJECT., ll)
:+u1~;,-.
\°\ll
B\
FI SCAL Y E ,\ RS
'l'l!HOl'! ,11 ,] l ,:,, :lO, l939
C' trntulatin~ 'T'hroui.rh June
30, w:rn
Yea rs ~:nd ing Ju,w 30, 1936
and 1937
Year Ending June 30, 193
rr otal hours
'l'ornl hou rs
Total hours
81nte
'l'ornl
Tot al ea r 111nj!s
11. 5 l2. 975, -187 $.\ f,;!Q, 92k. 9!1-1
Total earDIDJ!S
,5,34 1,:!57,001 $2.5 15, 192.073
'T'otal(•a r nings
2,423. 756,987 $1,238,927.731
Year End111g Jurn" :iO, l!laH
'T'otal hours
Total earn ings
3, 747, 61, 40!1
, L,87fi, /,1)9, I\JO
1---
Alabama
Ari zona.
122. 937, 163
,5k. 51,;J. 9(if\
20. 7b5, k30
1,, 9[2. 157
2k-l.2-1:l,Wl
61. 74~.3Sk
l 10, 25l, 69fi
l:l,klO. 69ti
42. 0,2. 55~
'20, HI, :~94
47,ho:J,301
5. ~72. 7fii
1,,210, 193
5fi, O\I,, 3/\.1
62, 4:J9. 5-14
Hfi, U45, 447
b5, 952,523
I7.577,0:il'\
11 7,725,,5),,,1
lh, 14 5,705
3fi0, 2i I , 533
177, 40.~. Mi7
170,027, fil6
,)11, lfiO, fi71i
fi5, 00,5. :10,
5!i, •lfl4, 960
SR, 9S2, 2'J9
iii, ·IJl-.. tll'.!
lll, 17,5,562
2h, 1124, 2';17
Ii,,, 422, 10:l
, :J, lllfi. ISS
IX. ,JS:l, 743
3fi. O!i4, 0!19
209. 22 1, ]34
:!'J. lllfi, ,5-15
200.\131,293
-10. 559. 95
Arkansas
177. ~02. l}i3
473. ib9.h7fi
California
Co lomdo
Connecticul
Delaware
Dist rict of Co lumbia
Florida __ _
Geo rgia. ___ __
f~i.~fi7. 9t l
S, \ll2. 5k3
172.711. 431
21 l. ,°'9.5 15
l da ho ____ _
ll linois ___ _
:{9, fi7fi. )',,94
;,21,, 134. 360
I ndiana ..
I owa ____ _
3!ik, 2:i9, -IO'J
l 22. ~93. 6fi0
Kansas.
I
171, HI0.620
., 2, I 1:1. 159
20,772,339
iii. G,O. h53
2•17, :15:1, :1 1-1
65, 7h2, 461
K entuckv
Louisianit
r-.r aine
M aryl a nd _____ _
2,'l"i, lti9. 269
72. 201, :37 I
~lassachus(' 1ts
15, rnr.. 1:m
:!'J.:l05,fi l(i
45H. ;,:J2, 154
:?~ll.411. i l4
J\Iicbigan
;\[innesota
-170. /51'\, 91
2-1~ . .11 ~- 7;~)',,
211, :!'Jfi. UOI
174, 700,51b
i\fississ ipp i
144. •Ill~. 7-l7
3,,, 392, 491
5.5. 40fi. 952
136. ~1 12. 022
ll,fi3!'), ZH
161, 3h0, Ok9
:{7. 512, 1.12
11\1, 4;11, 5-11
.17, 2SH. 77fi
173,771, •139
23,:l70.h67
l24. filU, -1 33
so. :ivs, h~O
•~~- zrn. 2s-..
:rn. s,2. 997
l\Iisso uri _
;\Jontana _
N hraska
Ne,,.ada
New Tl amps h ire
ew Jersey
New· 1' [e:xico
7 ,h0-L 702
I, 79-t , ~li[J
-10. 310. 7~1
411. 545, 27-1
51. 728, 5l5
IS. 0,4. 301\
2
16: !J~:rn
50, I 112. :l71i
3. 77h, h20
17,7 1H,IOS
187, 41\1, 325
23, Oh!I, 3-1~
NewYo rk
901,101,6]]
ti-Ill, 02h, :130
374,253,695
164, 7 l6, 489
6b, 7fifi. 000
202,272, 3'27
ity __
New York (e, tlud 111~
ew York Ciiy) .
Non h Carolina __
No rth Dakota
Ohio
h3 l.677.~S
Oklahoma
Oregon
26-1. 076, 315
71. kl5, 975
I. 09-1, fi07. 212
6\1. 1;:J, 5f>-I
Pennsy l vania
Rhode l s lancl
Sou th Caro lina __
lf>-L.1fi7, 2W
So u th D akota
'Tennessee
'2:i, fi5'i, fi97
2,421. 3b9
7. ei7:l, fi~fi
HJ. 672. 14~
25,156,673
24.50 1,.5\1 1
3, 17!1.300
, ii-11. 2HH
36,9 17 ,!ihh
41, 1-1 3, i42
14, 1.,-1. 503
1,:J95, 92
-1, 31',, 984
12, 4f,S, 568
12, 136,894
:l7.b53, h01
4, 75,, 629
I.,, ()<JI. (]f,6
S4, 49:J, 2:,0
~. 2lH. 724
23, !l,')i, H,37
2.i, I •I.i, f/77
9. 27fi, 202
179. t:J9. 7:15
75, lhO, -192
28, •Hi7, 1~0
:J8, :!O I, (i06
•l. 32 . 5-lh
92, %2. 67
39, ><.16. 31h
15, 2.1 4, 72f,
l:!. 254. 9b7
'.J!-b. 723, (~12
112, 731,301
:is. u:J1. 520
43, 90fi, 77!i
153,270, 7:15
5k, 79·1, 161i
18, 72f\, 4i8
18, 202, fi73
14, :368. 5:l0
127. 4~7. Olb
55. 552, (ilii
34. 737, 1'11
7. 570, OIH
15, O(iO, 1!1 1
9H,hll . 77S
Hi,5:l9.f.32
1:l, -152. 719
2, !l9-I, 622
(i. 06i. 04fi
f>-1,30:1, 10.J
90. 441. 0-10
64, hl,3, (lfi9
13 . .529, 238
21, !A%, 781
14,'<, 469, 242
31, ~7 I. 9"3
22. "i:J. l:J9
5.:JhU, l:l9
8, H70, 0-10
94, r,21, 622
~I. 1106. lh:!
59. ,Ob. k 'l
100. iCXt 777
52, 0,-,2, H 13
14,Ufi0.0M•
27. -lfii.l'-i~l
H3. 1(1.,, 4:l2
1:3, 747, :~ti!l
55. 23 1,b22
:J I, 050. 799
'· Jf,,5, ~00
36, 0~5. 32,
g_ 3,o. 990
19:?, :35--1. H9ti
76. Y5!I, 25 1
J.i.~.i9,\J)5
67. 442. 507
107, ·107, 997
4f,. 0,2, 340
17,30\1 ,5 19
57, ~!i2. 2.54
13, Ifi:l, 00,
19, -163, 6-17
2, 190. 274
a2. 657. mJi'
1,810. 13:l
7,437,013
171. 47], 979
78. 775, 0>3
23. H6i. :W2
3 1,567, 90!1
7.4l2.fi7~
I
1:3, 5fifi, 806
41 ,,,50. Qf,Q
2 17,9S8,00S
-15. r,:19, :11s
30, 712. 5,57
152. 1-11 , 211
174,481 . 17.J
i-:2, 724,965
6-1. 154,272
16. 6S4, li-lk
31 I , 6SO, 71~i
b5. 140. 241
J2f,, blH, :{27
36, bbO, 220
52. 7U0, LiU
I7,b32, 750
612. 9f,4, 0,1
:)5, IJ:l,551
J:l.:lll.H77
16, 4:!'J, 07 1
236,292,313
15,621.300
33, H2.:li2
84, ·166, 7HU
21,197 , 241
5311. 11-12, 2 6
17,9-12,674
V. •lf>S. 771
137, fs73. -197
, 295, 191
8, itXI. 261
4V. 255,012
Sb. :!42, :J:l t
16b ..,52, b23
19, 150, ~32
37, 1"8,226
72. 10, .•,20
9. 009. 103
9, 3H l . 562
2:3. :.?it#, f-01
-1
__
15. :Jl'\5. 797
13, 5b7
5,
3-1, lhH, 663
:!'J, 502,, 5
r,:J, 9h I, 779
22, 120. !-Jl4
10, lih2. 3h l
tifi, 7h 7, 2:34
63,S2°1, 02;;
h5, 21·1, :!Ob
!Oh, V90. 056
U, 5:,.,fl. UV6
17. :l98. 076
15, S34, lb6
it-9. 443. 5~10
13, ~:12. iiH
15, 9SO, fi23
17,957,086
21. :J67. 676
-17. :Jb4. O:J3
l0.h2ti. 2,,:J
a. u22. ~2~
17, .iu;-.., 6Ut-i
3 1. 2-1,, :JO,
3f;, 121', :i12
63. !1/-12, fl
4.0\13. -183
10. 9i7
2, ~57
2.:J09
9,0M
6, :!l 7, ~5h
2. 1~5. 274
4, Y72. HW
28, 41!1, 1-1,;g
:n. 2'J7,:ms
:rn. ;;30, O!l7
fi2. -11 1, \ISfi
3, r,r.1.,:J3
10,730
-1, 134. 5h·l
8,033, 12
5, 2"1 , 765
2,027, 794
, 018, 583
21, h-15. 082
Ii , lhl. 165
:!2.!105,037
I, t-(X), 650
5, IV. 477
131 , -125, li20
lb. 2, s. 720
41 ,256,093
9, 2SL. 684
6, (!Ob, h25
%, 1><4 . 039
93.871,%1
2, Ofl.5, 302
511, i3fi, ObX
135, 2\13, 979
10:J. 547, 32·1
8. m,.n:i1
21. 755. 744
fiH.M1',:mri
73, -1 37, 171
33, 17\1.:147
14, 5 lti. 5;i5
l 73, 97fi, 52.,
7,,i!-J7, 44 3
83.07.5.h-13
JS, 155. ,,09
3J, 6i3, b.5:!
11 6,005, 129
:!7, 46:J, G·l(i
87,979. 179
7H, 26-t. ,;52
11,,0:l:l,2:!5
b,300. 05:!
___________
___ _______
I 26. 332, fiH2
2] ', 091, 559
67, 3X2,b70
37,51i l,817
3-16, 020, 09-1
135. WO, 3 12
154. 194, %5
I75. 332. -lfi5
2-1-1. \102. fi33
IS, 230, r,,,7
Alas ka_
D awa u
62,609,893
13,448. 60-1
I, 770. 239
I I ,4~ 1,lif-m
\l est \ 1rg1 111a _____ _
\r iscoos in
W yoming . ______ _______ _
__________ _
9. U,3. 08
LSO, 92 1, 45-1
3 1, li6-I. lli9
Vi rgi nia
b. 366,95 1
3 1, fi93, 7h6
100, ll\1, b70
2,5, 4h0, >< 19
353, 47h,3 16
ltl, fi~l. 121
11I,h65. :.n,a
'2 1, 0-J~. i t,ti
!J. !Jf-.2, 171
\\~asbi ~~t~n.
19.-193.1-15
13h. 557. hfi5
:io. 1-14_ 27s
502, 192, 1-19
hb. fiti2, 102
ll ta h ______ _
Yermont ________ _
11. 429. 679.
X. 773. 049
:rn, .'>!lfi. 1, 17
ma..,u~
fl, ,i[~l, .121
rn. 9:1;;, ;;o4
21.
bl. :J1;1. till~
l I , 420, li02
fi9, 527, -IOI
37.157,072
13, :J2h, 455
I , lb5, 163
3, %9, 9,52
55. 01 i, 820
-1. 507. 140
1%.t:l:l,101
:Jfi,-..,, lih:i, 47;,..
-14. 90fi. 769
25. (i2fi. 391
rrexas ____ _
22, li#iO, fi9,i
!J. ·162. 070
]7. fi03, 71 8
l. 419,428
6,496,9 11
73. 5110. fl,9
6.Slfi, 135
2,207, 44tl
1-1 . 063. 7•12
130, 223, \J\J~
17, 157,-IH!-:
;j2J,fii:?, fi) :{
24,049, 67H
I
160. 251;, o:i5
-1 5, 011, 105
18,959.6 18
7. 9fi\l. 5-16
170,475. UH~
30,317,347
12, 2\15, 126
lh5, 61fi. HH7
67, 173, oc,,
J2, tl~5..~4
I. , 622. 1193
20,256,258
72,602, 5-14
1:!b, 023. 1:i5
l~. 4711. 752
9,971.061
l ' . !l:!2. lh6
41 , 201 , filU
7.(110, 73h
4,0:ll ,S.52
3\1, 983, 2 19
53. 070, 5!,9
5:l, 5bh, lfiO
83. 500,591
4, Uib, 75
5,033,355
s. n,:1 , 271
12,036,455
3 1, 81\.7b~
25,652. 075
5 1. 7 I,,, ,a l I
2, 11 2, 5 L9
TABLE XI.-ExPENDl'l'UllES ON W PA-OPERATED PROJE('TS, BY TYPES OF PROJEC'TS, BY SouRC'ES OF FUNDS, AND BY OBJE CTS OF ExPEXD!Tl'RE
<'ntl'LATl\'E TIIROl'{;lf Jn:r
Ferleral Funds
Total
1-
~ponsors' Fun<ts
Sponsors'
Expenditun•s as
Prrcent
~nnlahor
Lahor
Type of Project
:\m ount
Pt•r('i'Ill
Total
.-\m ount
Tula!
•--,·-,·
J'td
- ,1,, ""
: ,111, )j \l , ''''l
11 i~d1way,, roads, and stn•t•t~
I
!IHI II
:i,. 3
'2, y:{ti . Ifill, 1'21
l<'arrn-to-markt>t and otbt> r s1•c·ond:H) roads
:-itn'L'ts and n11l·vs
.
OthPr
U2:i, 1:111, l-iflll
;I),\ :llfl, 1;\l
1,:3117, Hll , 7Y2
Public buildings
',2H , t:lfi,
8h11
12. 0
9. 2
17. 1
I, OS4, 22'>, o;9
GIHI, HI.05,
4811. 849, g;o
9-18, G99, 962
;ss
S70, 77f,, 792
1-1
- 0.'1fi
- :J:J3.
- 2iti,
3. H
E<lut'ati,mal
Otlwr
5:1'2, 103, ....2,
l'arks and other n·creationnl fa<'illlit•s
/'arks
Otlwr
i.2
I
2116, 4GO. Wtl
4-H. 033, 592
lb2, 2111, 3;,1
38,. ;;r,o, 4 i;
I
1
-
Flood t'ontrol
Otiwr
:-i('Wl' f SVSlP IO S
17. 0
19 :J
i2 4
h3.;
23. Ii
18 I
f)\oi H
84 4
17 l
11. 8
75. 2
87.;
17;. 943,092
148, 143, 252
83. 3
21.
72. fl
25. :i
;o. I
Sb. 3
s;. 5
I
69, b72, 860
10s. o;o. 232
I
5~. 41\i,, hS,\
b9. n;i, 36;
8•1. 9
I
b3.;
H3. 0
I
rn s
II
,~
7.5. 5
84 . 4
12. 9
hO. :J
10. ,\
77. 4
12. 4
iH.
81.G ~
7h. 3
30, •" ·'· 2111; I====
7Y. fi
OH
0thn .
\1rport s und ot her transportation (a('ilitit•s
Ai rports and ai rways
Otlwr
Rt•cn'ation _ __
_
Prnf,,ssioaal, c lcri ea l, and spn·ic·,·
______ ..
Bt•w1ng.
Ooods, other than sew i ng
"'anitation and hC'alth
\ 1isc1 1 l1arwous A _ ....
f,
ll
>;;:
'd
;::::,
C
C
;::::,
M
[/)
[/)
0
IO:J ,li2:l,VM
87.4
14 ,287,
IM , 985, s3r,
131\, 8>4, HJ2
88. 3
24,397, 93:\
19, 093, 02;
\I 9
611 ,Slo l , 477
.1:l 1,9,,3,:l114
87,.\
l 5!,03X,29S
124 ,884. 472
H2.;
6·
73.19 S I - - -
0:
:rnv. 902. ,v2
lflfi.0511, 112
87 9
86.,\
77. 2;n, 900
73. ;61 ,33,\
02. 2n;. o7o
62,1\H,402
Ml. fi
3.4
4211. x12. 9fi7
mo. ;4~_510
8'1.9
1:.. "
27 9
ii 3
fifi. 6
:,1
2 ll
1.;:J, 9,1, 3; :3
I!.\, 9>,ll, 2,,
7.>. 3
43. 299. 1,;s
3S. fif,3, 182
!19. 3
22 0
iH I
>
92, -1',0, 23 t
1:u;
fl.
51
2.1
121), 2,1. 929
2i . 699. 4 M
9"1,'l, Y91. 71!1
12. X
8fi8, Iii 2,370
23, WO. ().\7
H37, 852, 9:J,\
1-- ---1----1-----l-------l-------~---,1\I. 0
22 I
32, 7•!0, 01 I
35,820. XIO
91.4
73. 2
84 . '
9G. S
71 2
21 3
5.923, i;i
79. 2
;, 478. :J15 l======,l=====l,====1====
'\!l 0
It. 9
f\6. 6
78. 1.\9, 03,;
I 17. 379, :J 19
- --1----1------1>------1------------ -1.1\l, ,' -Iii . 711)
21.5:\5,,;r,
953
1:lt. ,;s, .133
13',,:!fjl,940
2. I
I:l!I. \If,,\, IOI
I. 8
fNH. 201.\. 1102
~- 9
;9, 3
I===
I t.1, 1;,2, 804
611, !,; ; , fi2fi
11 :l. 071. 8:\9
592, 99\l, fi-13
97. 8
gr,, 5
8fi, 444. 094 1
141. 57,\, 098
85, %6. 04·1
XI, 170, 525
13 1,0 1,\,96 1
~4. 428, 3.,2
93. \I
9-1 7
24, 292, ,;g;
71. 530, 971l
17,llSh, 123
18,298,376
42, 202, 53/i
81.9
i S. 3
.\9. 0
135
I 7. 4
10. 4
'>4 ~
'-1:l. I
HO. 7
= = = = = l = l = = = = , 1 = = = = = 1 = = = = 1 = = = = = 1 = = = = = 1 = = =,l= = = =i====
s:l. I
fi. 2
.11 :3, ilit3. HIii
97. -1
31, Hit, 77H
-12fi, 30X, 061
481, ;x3. ISO
6. 7
31. 9X3. 316
88 :\
I. 3
2. 3
I.f,
14 , 73.\ 097
a2. 73n. 22H
40, 42-1, 935
12, 90fl, 249
30. 188, 150
3,\. 879, 779
87. 6
93. I
14 . 6
18. 8
82. 0
i8. 2
---" lnC'lud es~r iju_stnwnt of _FPdt•ra l rx p1 •nditures to total rc pon ed by th e Treasury D e pa rtm ent and s ponsors' expe nditures ror Ianrl, laofl leases, easements , an'1 rights-o f-way, ro r which the rt istrihu11on
hy type of proJect 1s not a,·a1la hle.
Sou re(' ; \ V PA stah• ollirt> n•ports.
0
JIH,,1\J.5, 23i
(),)
1111, 179, 1(1 1
rn . 3 11. 321
I2fi, :l~O. fli'H
-~
Li
,.,H
Iii~. l~~. ~t~tl
3.1, 111.
\\' hit P l'ollar
Education
1\1,, 28tl, ,;2,
,n.
~
'd
0
;::::,
2. 4
l= = = - - - l = l = = = = = 1 = = = = = 1 , = = = i = = = = = l = = = = = I = = = =
I
i3. i
rn. 5
I ;u, :!\ :J, 771
38. 68.,. 411,
;::::,
t,j
85. I
84. 3
87. 5
87. g
2rn ..,o~. 1 Hi
2n 58 1. on
I. I
-- - - --1---1----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -t721 - -IJ,lif>'2.
I :1'2, S~2. 70H
17H
198. os9, 92;
Zfil,509,845
7ti . 2
f.2. b
84 2
182, 50 1.1\95
l08. 211, 797
188. 285, 4;1
:i1'2, '21lf\, 180
i'f\2, .199, ii'2
of Total
sponsors
funds
1
...;,,w1•r systrms and othf'r ut ilit h•s
Lahor ExJJl'nditun•~
as Pncrnt
21;, 934,426
12;, 4H, 21\6
223.172.913
68, 4 IH, 083
,r,, 05;, 892
,r, ..,
fll,3 . .'iM., 13
7:Ji, '171, -1.~.'l
6,\1. Sl 3, .5113
Y. H
--- ----•----1-------1-------1----- ------- ---- -34. ,11,. ; s 1
:J:1x, tm.1. 711
41\. 2311. 15s
ss. s
2;n, ;on. :121
3 12. rn.,. M:J
4. 7
33. !\II,. :rn2
39. s2;, 734
b4 Ii
2~fo. i,f,,\, I II,
:Ji'\ :-li'fl. 7 11
339,048, 0IO
4 9
C on~n\'alion
of Total
total
Arrn,trnt
i5, G25, os;, 09,
88. 31 $1. 302. b3;, 3691· $1, ();b, 4,\2, 4!\0
2.3tl7,i,14,,)t6 l=====I====
4;9, OOI, %3
2, 03f,, 290, 990
!\68, :iM. fl0.1
8fi 0
10.1, r122. -t24
5;;, ',f,3, 213
10. 8
Pncent or
Total
Pt•n.·Pot or
tota l
Ft•dnal
fund s
:,;,;, :na, .J1fi. 5iii
6,10. -193.
C:
'X,
30. 1939
'rj
...,:,
t,j
'd
"d
~
,....
~
►
a::
TABLE XIL -
ExPE .' ID I TUREs 0,'1 WPA-O rERATED PROJE<'T>i, B\. TYr Es OF P RO.JECTs, BY H ouRCE>i o~' FuNDs,
\ND
BY On .1E cT;;, OF ExrENDITURE
~;,:oi:<r. J !'NE 311, 1939
YE \ H
Federal Fund s
T o tal
Rponsor1,;' Funds
---~'ypr of Pr oject
--
--A mount
T ota l
I 1-'Prcent
,_
-
.
--
U il!:hways 1 roads . and strPl't s
Parm-to-market and 111hn st•<·o n,lan· roads
StrrC'ts and allt•y:-,
·
thPr
Puhlir huildinl!s
Eiluratio n:11 .
Otlwr _
Park s and 01hn rrc-rc>a ti onal faeil1tirs
Park s.
OthPr
,·,onsl'rvatinn
rlood control
Oflw r ..•.
'°''''H' r systPms and other utilities
~ewn system:-;
O/lwr
\ 1rpo rl s anrl othC'r trans pci rt ation rar11itws
Airports and ai rways
Oth1°r ..••
Whit e colla r
Edueat ion
R ern)ation
Pro(Pssional. <'lf' rir'll, and snvic·P
:Sewing _ _
Coods. ot he r than se,\ ln l!
Sanitation and h c•a lth .
\ [ i.:.cplJanrnus '
eral fund ~
--·--
1---- -
$2, .1,1H, o:J5, 22V
:I
Percent of
A.111ounl
I
1,090, 4311, .112
-
32h. 5,1 , lfi2
233. 8'1:i, 42H
.1·n . i1....n. Yfll
-----
-
--
·--
-:
-------~4 . 5
19 :i
22:3. :iH.7. Ui:3
19:l. 212. , .14
86. 4
20. 5
70, '16:\, ;i02
3~1, illtl , lfil
~fl. 6
,s. 9
,n. fi
24 S
19. 8
n,. l
.11, ill\!, Jf>O
86. 2
24 0
i'! 2
20, Ufitl, fi:?"I
33, 73H ..132
8fi. 6
86. 0
2 .... . 2
fi", Ii
l'2 r;
8f>G, 8i0, 5fi9
71iH, 118~. fifi7
'-'vi
12 U
241i, 9~2. 15h
lSi, !>69, 51 7
432. :lib, <;94
216, 2fH, 55f>
211
1ri 1.
3\fi, 327, "lffi
200. ~l.1. 9fi2
lhl, b38, Mi
90. ti
63, 46:J, 11'72
Iii. tl10, 050
912
13,.
55. 6l2. 229
12fi, 22fi, 32t..
no. 2
24. 22i, 410
39. ·:nn. '2fi2
9. I I
20. Ii
mm.
I
n
,..
.... ~
\9 4
·-------1
o,.,.
7. 0
I==, =--==
00 ,
():$~.
,------
~l. f,ll9. 11114
-t R. :!tlfl. t)l 2
\),1, ffil. 057
,2. 819, 191
~3. 5
14 fi
80. 3
87 -l
14 , 0
15. :i
i \1. i
so. 3
13. 9
,2 ..s
83. I
;g 0
12. 4
14 ,
~I U
,2 8
83 3
22, 0
71 3
82. 4
84 3
Ii 4
30. fl
ii 7
Ii "-, I
19. r, 1 t. ,; 22
94 0
31 I
fifl . '
1R. 3.1.s. so~
2, 40i, 39/l
17. 1011, r,25
2. ll :J,8£1/
94 b
~i 8
31. 9
2b . 4
ll\l. 11
9i. I
4i, 5fil, ,5 15
31, 22/i, 219
fi5. i
14 7
,; ti
95. I
97 2
97. 4
9. 0,1/l, :ill2
9. 72\. RR:l
83. 4
73. l
57. 5
19 3
21. 3
12. ,1
,n. 2
28, 7{fi, 2i0
7, .i.ii, 146
7. 114 , Ill I
16. ;i.14, 162
13, ·15~. 82,5
4. ,no. 1,;r,
9. 9il, ~0t;
13,0i4 ,fi3:l
1:l. l~H.3n
I. 20f>, Iii~
9. 113, li7
10. 7tl0, 7~~
9S 0
YO. i
94. i
l'li . 319, 51b
151. 154. 07i
90. 3
2,. 6,:'J, 22'-I
0i. ow. 3'7
111. :mo, 131
8fi, 8 45, 32h
64, 308, i -19
~9 . ,1
91 5
lfl, i61J, 804
12. 91.\ 36 1
12, fi6i, 2,5
%, 4·14 ..1:1 1
3. 9
8 I, i71, 9811
i~. 490,448
\:.12 . 6
13, f>iO, fi54
JO, 9XIJ, :ii:i
3.5. 985, 151
fi2. 1:i!I. :l~3
I. I
2 ..1
3 l, .529, 249
:i'.l. 244. 7:ll
28,717.542
49, 772, 90fi
91. I
9:l. ,1
4, 4,1,), \!112
9. 214. /i,1 2
3, i0I, i9i
i, 278, iiH
191. 1171, SUi
17:l. 688. 208
90. fl
51, l~-1. llfi!I
4!i, 136, 12i
3 I
131. 71lfi. 173
59. 905, 634
11 \l. 008, 363
:\I. 679,815
90. 3
9 1. 3
27,; l.1, 252
2fl. 43H, 817
22. 852. 2.19
22, 2~4. lo..,
6/l. 022, IY'>
2. t1
Iii, 259,000
3s , sn.', ..585
,;;_ 9
.17, .510, 2114
~- 4(11 , 991
2 3
0. 3
39. 171. 39fi
6,084,604
33. :102. ltl9
.1, .='\R3. l ltl
,5. 0
91.4
12. t;
27:l, IH.5, 6i0
2fi;, H76. tViO
I. 8
I <,
3i, 9 '> 0. 900
1,5, 912. 919
201, i2I, 8,11
36, 2th, 059
3 1. 904. 981
19fi, 52:l, fi20
l lf\, fi51. 1,1:3
009
22.
3i . 5fli . 183
4.5. 7.1!1, 705
90. 4
9fi J
95. 8
= ====
2 1:\, 8,15, 8iG
0. fi
1.19, 511. 12,5
Sfi. 344, 4:il
fi . 2
= = ==
323, 177, lb,i
47, 03i, .&fi2
45, fi 41 , f,02
230, 198, 121
==--==
142,524,217
28, 19:i, i9:\
49, 202. 3:l:\
J6i
54.
on.
-·
--
= ==
---9 0
\·~ I
2. I
11, 2\11, ,lfi2
1
20. 7tl3. 1%
I
-
,n
I 29, 06.\ 392
ss•. r,39
·19_ 230, :i29
41, 0 1i. 534
n ..
ms.
--- --- --- ---
:=:=
9. I
16. 4
20. 3
2
-
-
:.-
'v
'ti
t::;
~
~
~
H
:.-
b:;
~
&,J
[/J
-
{1U. [1
-
I
=====
5. H
73. ll
i.1. fi
i3. fl
·I. 4
3. 3
I=====
73. I
m1.1
iH ,1
2:i,
112, iX9, 2:i I
83. 215, 195
ifi . 5
- ----
22 0
o;;,. ,r,,
,.,
19ti, 0fH, i Ill
of Total
total s pon -
$4 lfi, :J9.1, 119
91. I
'-ii .
P e r cent o f
Total
Labor E, pl'ndit11rC'S
as Pn<·rnt
W2!1
$4H3.
$1, HSI. 018, 542
2:11, lliU, fi'.\I
10. :l
1------1____
\ 5, , .Yi, \fiO
3. 3
17 .... , 222,171
-
$2, 0fi4. 99fi. liOII
-
turc:,,; as
sors' funds
1110 II
I-
Sponsors'
Expen<li-
----
Total
Pcrce nl of
total F,,,i.
Amount
Total
1
- - - -
- -
'lonlahnr
Lahur
... 2. 2
---
HO. fi
,2. n
"'
j'j'
1
"- [nchirlP:- a lju stm ent o f FNleral C'Cpcnditures to total reponcLl by the Treasury JJcµartrncnt and sponsors· expendi tures for laml, lanrl leasos, ea-.;ements and ri ~hts-or-way, for which the distribution
by type of projecr is not a va ilahl p.
Source . ll'P.-\ state office reports.
G;
co
170
REPOR'l' ON PRO ,RESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAM
TARLE X I I I .-ExrENDITUREi" ON 1YPA-OPEH .\TED Pno.JEC-Ts, BY STATES, BY So
F ExrEXDI TUHE
CV~l l'J •. \TIVE TIIROl'GII Jes-E
:~o.
RC-El" OF
F uxo,-,
~:-ID BY
BJEC-TS
IY~9
Splinsors ' F11nds
Federal Funt!s
- - -1
flran<l T o tal
P ercen t
'rut al
Total
A! ahama
.\r i1.on a
.\r kunsas
ro!irn rni a
ro lorarl o
neorgia
Tcl aho
:.?.'\, fi 19,
n._~Jawa re .
l)is lrict of \ol umh ia
Flor ida
\111 ount
3,1
69. fif9. 93H
fi:l, ~9-1. i,1
fi. 42R 31:,.,
22, ~H5, Hi9
fifi. ,iH:I, HH
73. f,s4 . 11-111
.i. 91 I. fifii
211, 111,. 728
Ii. ti l3 , ,;9:3
I J.i. ,i:?fi. filfi
I ii, 0-49, '--.3fi
,ifi. IS( , 02fi
fil, IIRfi, ,i i 7
15. 314. 174
l.l lf>. 37()
4. 35G. I 2o
16. r,02. o.J3
11.,,, ,=,.-.:,;, :?SI
:tfi,fi,il. iHi
112, 4fi0, 2.;,;
Labor
Expendi-
tores as
P ercent
of T o tal
rund s
88. 3 $ 1. 302. b37. 369 $1,
$1. fi7fi, 2.53, 945 $fi, 3i'3. 41 6 .•iifi ,$0, fo2,>. SS7. 097
1-------1------1------- ----1------1
19,826. 5Sfi
70. 2ii, 094
911. 103. r,,11
"' · .,or.. 209
, 3_ 3
20. f,-12. 741
,,. ,
23. 23, _,93
3 1, ~1)-.1. ~I I
' · 7-12. 91,
12. 154. tf,3
4., . fo20. 39 I
,2 3
->9. 044. 973
71 . 199. 13fi
65. 21ti. 1.,,i:'J
'-"'· ,1
2'-1.J ..1.J3, fi2fi
32 1. •',QR. 012
3Rfi. 721. ~SA
fi t, .i92. 1;-..,;
'i' 9
Ii. 291, 1123
70. 079. 7,3
"'· 377. 40fi.
~4. 994. 11 3
i , ,54.t . HS.~
26, 702, 104
R3,12 1.i37
92. 2fiH. :321
Connecticut
'l'o tal
of tolal
F ederal
f unds
.\ mount
Sponsors·\
Expenditures as
Pern·nt Percent
or T otal
or 1nrnl
s ponsors '
~onlahor
L nhor
State
\ , Lill, 07.i
07S. 4o2. 4:\0
17. 0
76. 2
16, ~55, 223
fi, fififi. ,i50
11. I.JI. 21 i
47. 169. 95,
14 , 743, 721
22. 0
2i. 3
17. I
16. 9
68. 2
;1. 0
69. 7
i .2
19. 8
73. 4
l '.l . 71 5. 11311
Sli8. 020
,g_{\
i i . fi
18. 0
14.8
2, 075. 105
61 , 4
16. 3
14 . 29 1. ,9R
Sf>. I
91 i
20. 0
17.
°'11. 037
fi. :'i6H. -100
liX. SI I\, Q9 I
20. 1
2~. 5
17. 4
67 I
ii. I
Illinois
l ndiana
[owa
K a nsas
"" · 117 4. IIXI
23.i, !l97, Jfij'
.;:fi, 19,5, 137
98, 324. 2fi3
20. 4fi9. 30,~
.J'-10, 110:i. :H\l
197. 7,9_ 113,
fi3. fjfifi, ~30
ifi, 73.J , 31'0
K e ntu ck y
Louis iana
114, fiN,5, S(i()
\II. 41 3. 442
9 ,i, 3:"i l. 9:,.,7
23. lllfo. 130
7fi. fl83. ;;n
I,.., .102, ilO
3fi. or,r,_ 0711
304. 12->. 43,
iii, O'.W, 283
fi:'i, 3.t fi, i-13
I->. S3'( J.,4
:?fl, 31i , ,;gg
2\:i, (iJf,, (;., ;i
.J~. ~52, .Ji4
274, J:i3. -,iOtJ
I !l3, ~22. 3i .J
2.J2. -IH-1. fifj,,1,,
I 36. 139. , OI
5-1. fi:31, 2~tq
34. 4 73. \192
3H. ;-.;a3. \)2,
29. ooo. 2m
16. 6
18. 3
i 3
75. 4
o2. 3,:i, 300
184, iRfi, 297
n 1ori. 1:11
11 .9:i.,,(i;(i
773.:--.J i
111 ..;s~. 011
26, 21n, fiS3
7, -.:1-1 , 1.i:i
21\. 4
62. O
H .6
i\ l n nt nna
32., . 7:,.,-1 , mm
1;-...1.,,_2W1, 3t'in
71 . JA7, 117
21fi. -1~!1. {M!I
.5 1, lfi2, 3li0
77 . 0
76. 0
~(•hrask a
71 , .52;,.., HI I
:'i7, 5i9. fi2fl
.i. -1 32, lii4
19. 7fl3. 44 0
252, :'i9 1. 7fH
24.19!l,R21
14 . 420. 244
2,007. 122
3. 744. 001
-17. 470. f>2fi
4. 9i7. -..: ,;2
22 7
31. 0
24. 141 . l!\9
:mn. 709. 2fi9
29. 191. 2,1.,,7
1, 13'-1, 0IH, f(i'.!
9ifi. 421. 4H'
-....fl(),
711. 4m. 373
:i3. -111.
3.,. iii'. fiii
fiOO. 9!\4. 711
~f aim~
:\far y ! an<l
~l fl,.._arh usetts
). l iC' higa n
~linn rsota
~ l ississippi
f\ r issn uri
'J(•,·ada
~pw Hamps h irr
Xpw Jer.-f',.
~f rxfro
~pw
S°pw York
No rth Carolina
Nort h Dako t a
Ohio
Oklahomn
Orre:o n
Prnm:,·lnmia
Rhode Isla n<l
~outh rnro l inn
~ot11h Dakota
rrrn nPSS('('
'f(''GlS
\"!ah
\ ~rrmont
\ "ire:inia
\\·ashington
\\",,i-t Yirginia
\\"isronsin
" ~ynmini:!
'fprri1ories
,is,
43. 79fi.
3:i2, 97i, 9 12
i . , i i, :{ J)-.
11. 77:l. /!)g
.i i I , liO.i. 279
133, 21,. 1192
ii4. ;,~i. 3:m
; ::.; , 3 1\1. f)fj(i
13.
t:n. fL;J
fi3. ~l(i7, (!14
tiO, :'H i 2~11
"iU. I I!-!,
024
liR, \1fll. i"102
:rn. 11 f,. 33-..,
I '( ii:\. 9:l2
:"1:\ 1.,,JJ. IIHO
117. H-IH, H4.'l
lffi , fi22, flfi-1
201. OH2. 23fi
11 ,027,53 1
nm,
IOI. Ofi,, . "' f1l
17.
,o,. I 19
22. 52,~. i-.9~
69. 7
22. 0
68. H
23, 272. 11:,.,
IX, 7fiX. :? Ji
I~. 333. :lOti
20. 3
f>9. i
If., 013. 3'-'fi
19. 7
19. 9
17. i
71. 4
72. 3
72. fi
s
Q3 I
I\,
3 1. i02, 7fl2
9. Oflfi. 2~1
till, I Iii, ififi
lfi. ~-19, ~ II
I. 7i,, -1 30
231, ifi'. 220
?<I, !:?1:1, 2~7
2. 444 . f,-1 I
-1 . (iii , 714
,i-4, I Ii . .iO;i
5, :i9'> , fififj
2-,1,, fi:'i:l
1ri2. n2:--.. 2n-1
,1-19. ,.,on
lfi. 931. :l71
104, 393, 3fi~l
:m, l"ifil, fiOi
t.11 . 091. 991
~fi. rrrn. fi i1 ;
~. 99fi, 122
(3. fi:iO, .iflR
2'-1. S2!i, 32:~
-4 -t 0.J.i, .Jii
n13. 97'-. n.1.,
all. (Xl7. I i2
49, llli, llf,l
40. 97 i . ;7:\
:ion. :!24. Iii;
Ill. i 4l ,..,1>3
'11 I. 221. (193
'.ti. JfiO, ,1,,,7;~
13. 31I. , so
l ifl, 324. C.-1~
134 . .19 1. or.:1
2A. 924. I ii'
IO, .i311. ,2;1
19. ->55. 51.,
111. 990. 8SO
24. 033. 403
9. 9-12. 234
3i , 55' . .,;,
43. 142. Qf\-1
911. 1-t.i, . . . ~fi
90, 32,i, 027
fi,11
9, .', f.2, 202
l fiA, Ofi.'t
I
14 :i, 202, 231
J,\ 450. Rm
70. fi
66. 2
19. I
17. fi
18. s
; ; ,..
17 i
f,9 fi
14. 3
7fi. 2
6f>. 9
24. I
12. 8
21. fi
80. 7
'3. 340. 73,,
:-., , 9.i .J , 9:~y
, ~. 310. fl~()
i 5. 0
82. 0
' · 42,i,
14. )!'10, i.J 3
9..,69. ·" ,
fi, .'i.~9 ..;2,
12.
;ii~
' · 2.J A, 4,i.5
19. {j
II 0
lr. 1
22, I
18. 9
69 "I
i i 2
21. 107, :i20
32. 3
2fi_ I
G-1 2
Iii 3
iO. i"
IO. S.,0. ->->9
23. ,;
22. i"
ifi. i
71 I
1:-, 120. i:'1i
,~. 3
7"i .i
lfi I
li. 9
4. !fi.i, 332
l o. Ofifi. 059
2\1. 340. 997
~. 4~.i. 2-,13
2\1
7:i. ti
17. 0
fit. 4
2. 942, 844
2. 283. 826
31.
f-Hl. 6
12, (if,\ 1,ri
,1. 973. fH,i
7Q. 11 3. f,1 I
21. ,"1-1. IISU
Ii, 297. 9:li
:JR, 02"'. fiOA
/-,i. I
17. i
fol. lf.0.41 3
23 ..'>(! J. 4fi9
2.'>. i"!l:t :lil i
44. 400. 739
9, ,;20, ~61
3. 2-13. 1117
'· 309. 31-1
13.
20. I
14,, , 2.t7, 703
fi, :120, 242
:{, Iii , P9S
.i. 2--l:--., ~-Jfi
-II . 3 11 . 79'
s. 009. 2R7
,,2
3-1, fi,1,,,(), "',1,,,(i
~
26. I
3( , fU:--. , .i.'l3
4,;,
76.
1:--.. 11.J O, ifi9
1,, 923. 341
7. 730. 01,
1,. o,,.fi:~~
16. 0
21, !i\Y, :-,:,-.3
4. fi03. 4211
lfil. :J,ifi. ;5-..,
n. 917. 492
,o,.
or.. on 11.,4
24 N
7. 79fi. Si2
2. f, 19. r,59
77. 6
'iO 7
f,9 3
Q2 9
-1, 2J2, 4\i
" l n<· lud t-s "' llppl y fund and tP\I ilP ::H•r111 1n1 adju~, nwnt s :11ld c·rnt rat orfic·e projt>rtc.
~\· d l' r:.11 ft1 n<l s n.•pn•Sl'HI \ 1111t'lw r pay n1t•n1s ;1s n •porll •d h~ I lw Tn•as ur y I >t•p:1r1 rnrnt s ponsn r:--' fund ~ nn • h asNl n n \\* P \ rl-'po rt s (If s po nso rs '
rertific-:1 ti nns.
~11,tr<"t'
171
APPEi DI X TABLE
TABLE
X I V .-
ExPENDlTLTRE>- or,; \\ ' PA -OPERATED PROJE CTS, BY STATE f', BY SouncEs OP
OF ExPENDl'l' HE
F
NDf', AND BY OBJECTS
YE\ H ENntNG JLlN E 30, 19:!Y
S ponsors' F'unds
F'l'dl'ral Fund s
Sponsors·
Lahor
State
Noolaho r
E xpen di·
- - , - - - - t ures a~
Pe rce nt
P e rcent
Grand Tota l
Total
P e rcent
Am ount
T ota l
of total
F ed era l
.•\m ount
of tota l
'r ota\
A
35, R,53 . lfiO
IO , 432. VOii
27. iO~. ""ii.~
I 11 , Sfif,, 18-1
26, 481 , 71~
rizooa ___ _
.-\.rkansas __
Ca liforni a
Colorado
27. 2.57. 71'fi
7. 370. -mo
•>3 3H5 -04
89: 020: ;0,1
24. 423,11~
6, 5,50. 702
19, . 37. S72
82,99 1, 8 17
fund s
19. ;J
$493, 038, 629 $416. 395, 449
1------1------1 ---- --23. :i
8. 395. fiH
7. 5m. 643
90. 3
3,062, 4 IO
2,337, 255
76. 3
29. 4
4, 324, 111
4,03 1. 283
93. 3
l :i. 6
17, 7fi7, 754
22, 84!i, 679
20, 4
v:s. 2
77.
6. ]., . :136
5, 3G3, 482
8G. 7
23. 4
90. I
91. I
76. 5
,9. 6
~8. 9
H8
;o s
20. 293, 382
1~. 277, R94
28, 152. 71' 1
23, 184, H03
2. 792. S90
10, 67.5. 242
3:i. 4n6, 23~
36. s;3_ 4,11
2, 220,343
8. 516, so
26, f\06, 4:lH
28,638, 232
21 , 812.083
2. JOO, 0-12
7,970,407
23. 921. 968
25, 203, 7RI
74 . 7
h9. 9
-~8- 0
6, 8,59, 800
8. 235, 2 19
Idaho _
Illinois
Indiana_
Iowa _
K a nsas
9. 3S6. •I.of.
213. 260, 13!1
SO, aRI , 748
30,369,2 12
27. 42:i. •Iii
6. 698, 53~
174. 198. 262
64, 902, O:Jr,
21, 00.5, f,92
20, S42, , 89
5. 90-1, 1130
153, ·183, 567
59, 284, ; 32
18,829, 39~
18, :l21. 60.1
88. 1
8~ I
91 3
89. 6
9. 2
2,687, 91;
19,061, 877
15,659,7 12
9, 363, .520
6,882, ,188
2, 2:i2. 416
27. -12K ,14
1:l, 9:31 , 731
6, I.I.I, 317
9. 4
K entuck y
I.\ 009, 6.IY
33, ·140, -199
7. r:33. :i3 1
13,028.629
11 .o, -194, 224
3fl, 2[,2, 443
:ll, 172, !)37
'if,
0
7, 4G3, 387
25,793. 12:l
5,999, 112
9,597 . .149
98,047,439
22. 7R t. 736
.I, 4 l 'l, 955
,Q, 883, 31\0
94,6 14, 578
~--3
8,757. 21fi
7, 647,376
I, 1\34, 189
3. 43 1, 080
17, 14f,, 78.5
11, il"'-, 99.5
I, :l l I, !Oh
2, f,J I , 405
15, I 18,566
85. 2
R7. Y
S2. 2
76. I
8fi. 7
I:in, 7.10, .579
r,4_9 18, 402
27, 996, 87:l
119. 278. 4llfi
,10, 889, SI I
20,116 2%
!08, -10.1, 3!i3
90. 9
90. 4
So. 0
20. 472. 173
14 , 028, ;,91
)\~ fi
Conn ecticut
D e la w are
___ _
Distri ct of Columhia
Florida .. _
Geo rg ia ____________ _
Lo uis iana
l\l a in e
l\Ia r yland
Massachu '-irtt s
~lichiga n
l\fion esota
:\ [issi~s ippi
~ri sso uri
46,017, 248
of Total
f- po nsors'
funds
.l \aba ma.
of Total
Labo r
Expend ii ures as
Perce nt
9-1 I
9-1. 6
\10 2
92 f,
96 . .I
4,967, 97'
572, 2•17
4, 506, '73
2, 158, 43-1
I, 356, ,190
.,, 983. 250
7• .11i2, 788
·147 , 457
7. 9fil, 732
69. i
72. 6
78. 7
72. I
91 9
7~ 2
62. 9
87, 2
91. 8
17. f,
20. 5
20 2
20 . .5
22. 3
78, ~
79. 7
2, 2
74. I
70. 2
83. I
70. 2
89. 0
85. O
2,. 6
67,
lb. 3
19, -I
7.5. 7
30. S
25. I
77. 4
66. 6
69, .5
19. :i
22 9
21 4
26. 3
72. I
70. 9
74 . 7
I.a. I
83. 9
15, 2:J1, f,~9
14 , 6
14~. 179
21 6
12fi, 483
I 2. 47,i, .o33
4, 11 •1, QS,5
12,
7,
10.
3,
;:,1, 4tn
R:lR, .1.10
2~ I
If,. II
21.'
I. 3
i3, h
64 . .o
76. 6
73. 4
37 2
19. 2
22. o
22 ,I
i , 880, ,:;77
7-t. 5
77. 7fi3. 70.1
6:i. 2S~. I 72
17,306, 2-tfi
fi7, ~52, .:i l4
l\fontana
18. , n 020
14 , 714 , !3,1
13. 348, 7,19
Nebraska
25. ,I I 2. ,194
19. 664, Jf,S
I. ,1 9, 32f,
6, 793, 9-1,1
if:.. 5fi7, ~2R
17, ·130. RV4
I. 429. 001
Ii . .oOI. 2.13
71 , 109, ~-10
6. 9f.4, 93.5
5, 84'i, :129
9-IR, 19-1
1. IJ 12. 27:,..
22, 5:l, 194
2, 249. 376
5, 024, 5:13
ifi-1, 77-t
1. :n1. 131
19. 79;_ 24fi
2. 0 1I, 631
20.1, 815, R, S
18, 9 1:l, 63fi
8. 0.12, 30Q
180, 4Q.o, :i.1 1
30, I 9fi. fi4fi
54. 1:-<i), 167
7. 22!.I, IS4
42, 2S,Q, 441
224,044, 1 IY
2 1, 5f6, 3.12
9. I ~. 7~-t
19S. 3-17. 190
33. 769 ,927
49 . .160. :s~-1
R, 697, I 17
2. OSi, fl.~9
23. 319, 044
7,201 ,944
Ir,, 997, 79 I
233, 180, !i96
l o, 91.\ 373
27,136,124
13, .020. 12,1
13, 158, 1~11
199,658.483
13. Ml, 974
20,909,209
9, 74J , 948
I 2, IR3, 102
185, 5.10, 004
13, I 13, ;r,,o
92. fi
92 9
18, .:i72, 2-tl
8. R3i . -t9fi
•. ,, 8
~8 Ii
31, 1133, 227
fi3, 018. 779
22, 217, 0-11
lo, 80-1, ; :ii
8, 31R 92H
4,291,%.1
13,572, 90.1
18. R7.o. 528
41. o~o. n-11
, Rlfi , I 3
lfi, 27-1. 048
i, tl40, l!l'i
3. 321, ,1Q4
I. :Q:l, 2Rll
4. 937, -!f.4
J 3, 930, 70
2. 7fi0, 3S9
~9:1, (j,\,o
4, 104 . .o l3
·14 , 9Q9, 922
3 1.:l7l,%R
34, 24f,, 7!11
72, 11.912. 13-1
!57, 60(), 2lfi
31, 7fi5, 829
25, 6,17, 928
s2. 2r,2, ,n:i
\Y yo ming
-1 , 133. 24Q
2, 779. ~2~
8,937,424
.I, 96.1, 970
12, I.I I, 9:lO
1. 1n~. 232
23. H
19. i
20. I
2, -1112. 3 1~
10, 74:l, 1:li
Ii, 7.13, 135
1-1. 4.ol , ,SQ
I, 3ii3. ! IA
32. ;
74 . 6
76, 9
7fl.;
6-1 3
T rr ito ri es
:i. 32,o. 421
2. 0-1 6. 91n
1. '!fiO, IJ-12
I. 27H . .502
9,51), !152
3.~ 4
65. r,
-2, 621, 5-18
- 2, 621,548
Nc,:ada .
New Hamn-.:hire
Tew Jrrsev
2, S-ti. 1.:20
8, 406, 22:l
101, ·121. 022
10,oor,. mo
Te w ~[ ex fco
Tew Y ork
ro rth Caro iina .
278, 183, 31n
2F, 78.1, .l:l6
12. 213, 45;
No rth Dakota
Ohio_
Okla homa
22R. H.li~. ,;71
0re~on
PPnnsyh-ania __
Rh od e Island __
South Carolina
outh D akota
rreon esscc
T exas.
lTtah _
Verm ont.
Virgin ia
II .R-t 1). ,; 12
;\ 475. 22.1
I.. ,1 10, 36\l
\ Vashing: ton
\V est Virginia
\ Visconsin
Un r!is trihutc<I h ys ta le
A Jnrlud1
1
:--
A
7. 757.3~4
27. 61 ,., 21
90. 7
3. 02 1. fi7~
2,, Ii i I , 3 I
, a l , ,1 14
9fi. ~
4,022. ii:3
12,0.,3, 7.11
90 n
3, 839, Iii 4
33, .122, 11 3
2, 37:l, :l99
fi, 22fi. 9 1.5
3, i7S. 1i7
3. 2:l.o, .11.,
29, I9~. 271
2. 206, 255
5. fi77 , -IS-t
3. 1n 24s
22. Y
I
71. 5
63. 3
0. 7
76. I
72. II
19.-'
2fi I
24 ,
12. fi
20. I
22. 0
14. 4
14 . 9
22. 9
2i . n
75, 2
81. 4
83. 4
70 . .i
6 .2
fi. fifiH. Hfifi
suppl y fund anrl te,,;t ile acco unt adj ust m ent s an d C'Pn1ral nffire project s.
Sourc-t F',·d n n I furn ls rep respa t n 1urlwr pa y m1 •nts as re11ort L'd hy t lw 'l'n•asur y I kpnrt m r nt : spnn so rs· fu n<l s a re hased o n " ' PA repo rt s of s ponso rs·
certi ficat io ns.
TABLE
X\' .
ExP1, ,u 1Tl
JlEe, Of'
FEuE1t.u,
\ND Sro\le,011,._'
l•' p"u,-; o, \VPA-OP1"n-r 1, n P1io.1 1sr ·Ts,
( ' 1· Mt J\Tl\'F TT!Hf}J ' (;T{ .ll1~1•
lli1.d 1w n,·s . H na d s. and
S l 1\11 •
P1•rc•t1 nt
Tutnl
!ill,
\ri,ona
:1 1, !"I . ,1 I
\rka11 ,•1,
< 'nlirmnia
I 'ol nrad n
f
~i. !\iii. 2il:i , !I It,
\lah:m1a
' orlllt •t·I ie 111
DPhw ;m •
I )is l ri<• f of ( ' 0l11111h in
F'l nrida
neorl' ia
ld :lllO
Illinois
tndinna
lo wa
K:an, a..,
K 1•nlt1 <' kv
L 11 uisian fl
~Tni n"
\Inryland
!Ol
ti"-111
ii. IHH, 1:m
:i "lli, 7:?I, "-:"-:t1
~i. :!77. l()fi
.... , . 1
1(11 . 11 :i
i , t, I I. Ii .... ,
:?Ii, 70'!, 101
12 1, 7;Jj
(I:! :!IJH. :t! I
,·t,
:!...,, ti 1!I, ;~, I
t1"-II , Iii I. 11111
2:t'"",. t,( li. l!ii
i,,1i, IH.'i, 7;{7
tj - ;{:!I, :?t i'.{
111 , l''-\t1, i"lfill
!l:1, :ed . H"-17
2-( IOli. 1:<o
\ m ount
$-\:.?i,,. 1'. Ui. \i,,o
Ill ,
'j; i :{7, "Ii I, l t1t1
H Ii
i :H :!. '.lliti. 1i,,o
4 I
10, i,,22, 111:'"I
12 II
'2 ."1
1, I
II I
II . I
11\17, :!f):i
.'iii I, i !;!I
:?. Olh, 1101
2 1, J;,fi. !l."1:i
i . !--.lli. :U2
3. 210, 1.r,1
I I
t1. i"i\l, "'I I
Ill, '.!21. !Iii
1:1, !1 L7. 22 1
!I. i HJ, l!l!I
111, tJr;t, l:!H
2, '201i. :1 1,
I, 012. :Hi
2 1:ii', 111
:l"{, 121, ,l'i{)j
3fi. r,
3I i
13 I
:i I , ~t :.? , '2ift
2'1. t1 I I. IS:J
!hn. lltfi
;i. 0 IA, li.1
2,\ HIii, NI
:J:l ttt I iii
2. ,;n1 . 11n
I. I
:! H
a
:!, ill i. i :t !
;{I! , t,i'2. IV1
22, :.?i:! . 0 20
n. O"l'l , I Ii i
i . 1.-,, , I J[,
1.7, fl I :?, t,iH
I:?, :.?iH, l l t1
!lli
l. ll}li, "'i,~t1
:i !I
ti. '
!I f
i. I
i,,..;, 0:{,"1 l !I\
20, .'i07 , .... ~
;i, i"i7 , lfit1
11 . 2fi"i , i,,'. {I
:?, !'i ta, i"I I
11, fitd , Ofll i
1r,. 2
l!I :{
Ii i I
Ill '
!iii"'
:m :1
1, I
!hi,,, 1;n
ti. \HO, 2:J:!
1\I il'hi l,! a11
a:!..,_iS L li<IH
:!fl, 1:--.1 , 11 1
1.... , . 2Ufi, ;i(Jti
71, Uii, I Ii'
:?Iii, l"-1'1 , !I Hl
,1 1, 111:!, :iliO
i I , t):!"-1, !II I
i . i,,77, :i l"I
2 1, 111 , lt1U
:mfi. iO!I, :?FiH
:?!I, i<tl :?"Ii
!Iii, ~i,,:{, litd
!iii, 11:i , !l.'>2
:11 . 0 I i . 'Ill I
~"{. SI 2, !li(i
'21, liOfi, :?Hi,,
!iO. I
:i, r innl'sot a
:1.1. :1
:?"1, :.?,Iii , .'iflH
~nrtll l)akot :1
Ohio
Oklal w mn
iO, 1m. :i;:1
11 ii l ill!I
!i i I. ftfl!i, 2i!I
~t ~!;:;~i!~
O r 1'J.!OII
I
PP1111 sy lva 11 in
Rhorl1; I , i'lnd
8011111 ('nrnl1nn
Ro ni h D akol n
i t1 7, :H!I. iiHli
'T r 111WSS('C
Tl'XO'>
Utah
V, •r rnorll
Viq.dnia
\\'nshin!!Lon
\\' psi Vir 0 inin
\Vi ~t·ons ii1
\V y ornin g
'rerri to r icis
Undis trihuterl br stalC' '
l:J. 13:J. IIS I
n:J, 91-ii. ifl I
t1fl . .1 Ii . 2!J I
SH. 11,. 1121
17~. Hfll . "102
;Jli, ll r), :{;VO:
1:i, ii:l, !/:t!
.1,1, ,11 . 11\l(I
117, f"i l<i. 111 !,
107, H22, Hli I
211 I OH2, 2:tH
11. 112i. .,:l I
U. 2fJ:i, O"i(i
1:1 ,:
Ill !I
7 2
JO"I, 172. . . 22
'I I 11, •mt,
:Jr1. I
31 i
:11>. J:!U, ISS
fi"l , ft 37. "IOti
22. s~:t 27ft
1 HI. 2ft~. 12\
I, ~"'"'- [,.IS
I , /fjfi, i'Hi
'.{
l
i
f>9. :1
21 r1
!I. :Iii. IIMI
I~. WI. 9.lf>
22, ~~9. 7r,1
I~. I 111. llfi'
7 1, l.1fi, HO:.?
!l, .'i02, Jo:!
H, 701. :ii:.?
1.1, '-\01. !i:?2
t:t, fl(Jli , 21i
Iii. 7:ifi. :{ 10
Ii , 00."I. '120
n
2~. (i
I.I . 2
/i i (I
II I
2n a
I~ i
2~ :1
3; I
I
~ II
lo 0
t1, ;J"{IJ, j..;;J
111 7. 117
I. 112. I Ii
~
I:? 0
!I,;{
2:1. (I
:i
1:1 .\
'20, 2'J2 . .'i- 1I
I , 111.i, 21:!
2. :l(; I. 7f>S
HI
1'2 !I
I :!
11. II
Ii, IOI , ii t
2\1
to
!iO
fil.
11
I
i :i
1:1 I
,. "m. "'n:t
12 I
11 '
311 fl
21\ '02. l!'\fi
20, ,r}\'}i,, , fiH'2
1,. 17:i. 21Hj
:Nl. 1 13,.'iOI
q ti
Fi 7
:t ti:!! I, 3 12
1.r,, titlt, nor,
I , J:i"-1, 010, iii:!
I. ow. 02.'1
" · '. Hi! . 7:.?t
i':?i, I 17
I , ."1 21, ,JO:!
JI\ 11
l :! i
2:l i
Nr,\ York
H !I
I Ii
\1 11
Iii Ii
;jti.,'l
)Jori h c 'nrnli r1n
2
:1 I
1.1211.!II J
1:i, 27~. J,'i:i
11 , fi7'1 "l'lt1
:\11 fi
:n. 120. :m1
' i
:t
1,. 9
3:1 !l
:tfi I
:!"I
\100, 771
2:m. m t :i11r1
I I! \. :!OL Iii
:m , illl i. :i i:!
10. I1'.i, l:?t1
!i.'°"1_ I :{i, :m:?
:ti, 1:i ri. fi lfi
I I. 1U I, fllil
I I. 2
11 ,
fit1.-1.:12n
JH. IM)J . ,11 I
New \k xiro
l't •f CP llt
HI I
I\J I
,i,,:t, '"'· 2:...11
\Jrw ll amp, IHrt '
New .ltirst• y
\ 111rnir1t
3, :1
U , i !ll i, 0...,.._
"evada
P11rc•p 11t
,.\ mount
I
II , :J:i"-1, :Gu
l .'i. SO!), t, :?!I
:{ti, il2. 11:!
lili, 107, H\ I
Jr1:!, \J7i , HI:!
.1\[0111 :urn
Nt>brn'- kn
c,nnst•n ·at io n
~2. !1:ili, Ii i\/ , l:.?I
f, :i . ....
17 I
OF
PRO.JE< "rs
__
,. :n 1, :rnr1
l ~'.J, .\ 21 , i!l 2
\I , 701, !iii
;,, ,1:31 . [
:!i,I
11. ,21, :1,1
211. no:l, Hl!I
:i , ,.11 . 11111
~
0
.'l \I
I.ti
II \I
:?I ti
Iii I
1:1 ,
12 I
7. '
l !i.!i
/ _0
' i
Ii 7
11 ti
1,:tH . Jfi11
:1. :110. i 'il
22, ()"{!I , ;{Hi j
.\. '
i Ii
n.:t
10. :!\Hi, 7:J!i
!i !I
II !I
I S
22. 1-1 11, m,2
I. :?!l!I ..127
12. 1!11 , litJ2
:1, iii, :l2n
t,. fl:ifl, 2.10
1.:w,.,0 1
2, fi:!;i , S11i'
t1. X
7 ;{
ti. "1
Iii. ~
IO. i
:1 I
l :?7, !102
2, !il9. 0 I I
fj2 9
1i, 2rn . :?lfi
Ill. II
"I .i
!i. :,.;
2:l. 4
3 I 1;
21. :!Ii . Ill:,
I, 172, li:l:l
10. 1:
~ I
:Ji. fllll , J:lS
I. Iii. O:J2
.,1. 5
1, 7~3. "l~fi
Ill. 3
1., 0, OJI
( C'ontluded on nO\t pa~o)
I i
·I. I
11. Ii' ifiH
1, .r,sn. nn:{
Ir,
n7
I
I. I
I~. I
~- :1
4.
\I
q II
11 7
H. :i
II I
Ii. I
12 I
111. 11
1:J II
10. :{.... ;{, :3:12
fj
2
l !J . '. i l t1, 0"17
l !'i 0
i , ."{11, l"-i:i
1. 21.1. :ms
20. ~rm. M i l
!i, llii , 2t1H
I :?
Iii, 110, 2Hi
2, 112:1. 19:1
20. lfi\ N~ I
:i. 1x,. 11.11,
"'2. n
h
2, 1111, m~i
l i ;i i , fi"IH
I, :i 20, Ull!I
:l .'i:m . 2"1!1
I, I:! I. 1rn1
.'l, 1:ti V iii
l t1, '-llli , i :-J;J
21,
I. -1,2. :!02
:1. 2
I
7, 111!1, !100
r,,
I
2. li[,:J, .5 111
fjt, ti Ji,,, I J:i
I I , 2"ii' , !i ii\
JO, 1.i:.?. H2 l
,1, Ill\, :.?iii
Ii. i'!l:l , !it1II
Ii, :Hi:?, lfi'
:J, om1, ot i-i
;
l!i , i\11 . 27:,..
2 !I
~
II. ti
27 2
r
1 ti
t,.ti
:1
'2 9
IS
!i. 2
Ill. Ii
:i
21 I
I. OJ:I, 119'>
n. 1:ll , fiO~
JO, ,:w, 10"1
ito, :J7!1
1,. J.'1. I ll
2. Ji:I. llo:l
I, fif'fi. 772
I, t1\( , l i~i!I
:1. '
:l. H
1. 2
'2 :(
:J . .'i
:J,'°\i,,:.?,!1:H
:!. 0:11. l!l:I
Ill, fi0 4. :l:?7
2, 71 1;, ifll
~-:m~. 12~
4 .,
0 i'
11.:(
H fl
HI:?, ,...,...,.'i
1;1. 022. 1\0
IJ. 2
!I. I
Ii. I\
11 2
i I
II. I
2I '...
:!, l'-.:"1, :l f.1
i,,1 :{, l)( )I
.\ !li:J. or1H
t>, ti.12. O:i~
9 IJ
G,O!li~ I
1 1r1 "I, :!H'2
~:1.1. 21.1
.5 1, 73!1, 01!1
r,, J:!2, 21 J
12. 2:1 1. 1mo
t,. i
Ii I
i '. I
:1 :1
$iH2. t1!/\I ii :!
1'1·rc•c•nt,
11 ,
II I
!Hi. i!IIJ, ilHi
A, IW. :J I'
2. 12\ 12fi
~\lllflllfll
11 . f\2:!. ,1 :1
2. . . , . . . iii
.",. Mi:l , 12
~,~wt•r K ~·:·;;t 1·111 s. :UHi
Oltwr llti li t 1r s
1. !Iii. '221
fi."I
l\J . 7
H. IJ
A Joclud r s suppl y fund nnd IP\IJI,, nt•to11 nt ndj us tnwnt s and 1·1•nirnl o fllC't · proj1·c-t s.
i, i' "-1:( li(l!I
h , tilO.\l:t1 t
2 1 '2ii , !lili
1:l I
,1. t1
.'i. I
12 ~
3fil t1!H
l !n . 117
'.!.:m"-: , "il l
titit 0"111
l I. l,~I;_ 11:11
2, 01 !'1, .ii ~
fi:?
I I. i
lfi H
I .\
:u :?. Hli
'2. '2
l !i. 1
17, r,1:t i!ltl
,1, oi,,1, r1:1r,
12. f)! II . i',"-:1
I. 0:12. 2 11
I H, SOO. i'li'
n, 111. :rno
fil"-:, ~!'i i
t,. r1.1i, <i7 I
!1, \1"1"1. :U:!
,
>--'
Pnrk s an1 I Ot tw r
l{t>ere a1 iorrnl
F'nc·i lilil'S
l >t' r C'{' lll
.i\ I ll ssac·hu"Pf t s
l\ [ i,s iss i11pi
l\ lissouri
f\ l uo 1t TYrEs
,\ND BY
t-.:,
Tutnl
\11m1111t
iST -\TEs
:-HJ, IH:l!I
P11hl i1· B11ildi1H!S
~tn ·1 ·t s
BY
I
I
fi,
iii , Oill
2!1fi, 1127
itlfi. :11 1
I 1, . !M"
7"1 1, ,"Ifill
l li2, 270
, :ll, .1 12
t1. tdH , "Iii
:t
liH. O~ I
111 , ,5 2!i
ii':{, 10:i
U, ;:Jtl.:i :?I
{lf itl. 72.1
I i , l"li. lfl I
I . 1, I . 1:1;
:i 11. n:1 t1
i
I
JO . i
2. i
' I
f>. I
:1 I
Hi
I
\I.
"'· i,,;J,1, , ....u
'.l"l<I ..,2,
ti, 27:t, 192
:i:3, fii"I , 7:'l:i
0 . !i
I Ii
3i
2. w:i. no2
JO. illl. ,1,
I, i~i. ~2!!
I. ,I i:!. r,3,
I. 17~. ,fl~
13. 11,. :JOI
:( "IHI. 1/"I
31, fl,"1li_ f, "1'°\
I
I
'· ·
11 ~I
I I
21 fi
1111
l:.?.t1
fi . I
.I. I
ill ,
fl . it.'i. fi27
Ii. 1111. fi3i
:1, t, 71 , ill ',
11. f\72, i t i
i , OOfi, 2Hl
2, 2;'11, 11....
2. HI I , I 10
' ·4
I
U
•• ,
111 , ....0:? . '.!t i:{
2I './'
7 ~
2 n
0 Ii
I. 2
12. K
O0
l :J.:l
t,. ll
II .\
Kfi
t,. H
fr i
I ..103. iflll
1. ri :.?:l, ri1 n
2. 11 "i ..~,... _,
11. 8
3. I
s. i
~- 2
1.1
~- 3
ti. I
r 2
11_r1
,1. H
lfi. l
3..\
.\ 2
2, h
r.. n
J:I I
11.1
i . !i
11 .· l
:t Ii
,Hn 11...,q
l!i. ;{
fi . 2
'..?Hli, l:?I
3. 2
;,;I
t,j
'.:!::
§
1/.
i
C
C:
:c
t,J
~
'T,
;:
t,J
~
>,:;
:.-
>,:;
~
,...
;,:;
:,.
,_,
~
XV.
T ABLE
ExPEN DITURE ,- OF l" EDERAL AND 8PoNsom;' 1-'u NDs ON \ VPA -O PER ATED PRO.IECTS, BY STATES -\ ND
s ,·
Co11cludcd
M AJOR TYP ES OF P 1w.1Ec'ri-;
('t' MI I.ATJ\'f TIIROt'r. 11 J UNF. 30, 1939
Ai r ports arnl Other
Transportation
FarilitiPs
:stnte
Amount
Whllt• C'ollar
Ooorls, Other tban
Sewing
Sewing
Pl'rC'l'lll
Pe-rcent
\ mount
Amount
Pcrrrnf
Amount
Perecnt
.Am ount
---$t9i. 280, ,52;.,
Tot al
2.
r. I
$9%, 991, m1
12. s
I $.513, 76B.49r,
I, 695, 974
257. 4,19
1.9
0 X
42.5. 878
r :1 1iforni a
16. 945. R75
ll.G
I 4
2, 4
01•orgia ________________ _
r,labo. ___ _________ . _
Illinois ______ --- ---····
lncliana ... __________ _
_ __ ___________ _
Iowa . _______ _
Kansas. ___________________ _
2, 136. 4g1
2,367,712
402, CT, I
633. ,r.6
4. 240. 13:l
2. f.33. 2,1
iH, -JiU
9, 121. .,,;.,
2. ;-.,
5. l
2 I
,1 7
I 7
:'\ [ issnchusetts_
)lirbi~an _
\linnc~otn
). J ississippi
i\fissouri
1\Iont'lna
N"e,hraska __
Ne n 1da _ _ _____ _
,\.Tew Ham pshire ___ ________________ _______ _
\J"ew Jersev
,. 291. 90G
2. :{
7, 792, 302
2. I
3,841, 251
I. 75,1. 533
2. 113. •liX
2. ,1
I II
772, 3.5fi
I . ."1
S4i, 7fi1
214, 2,X
8fil. ;.,3r,
2 ,;
2. 7
:i. ;;
S, 52.-.;. 020
2,\
804,010
·123, 1127
2. 7
1.
.,6.
g~~:
2,
~~
7, ,513. 2~7
71 3, ~77
3..,29, 9G2
17. 223. 792
237, ~fi'-1
2. l'-5, 313
72~. 927
2 O
,1. 0 I
2 \
I $174.3 11 ,12-1
2. 3
$12(;, 380, \179
1.6
I, li60, I~',
5. 2
2 3
82, l'lll
II. 2
H28, 987
t.:l
2. 077. 21:i
567. Hai
3. 0
9fii, o2:i
10. :')
12, 095, R3,I
I, 041i, ~05
1, 1142. nu;
2,l, ),.,t)fi
',31, ,2,
3. I
4 fl
I. 2
(I 5
6, 133, 9:l I
I 3
1. 879,010
3. l
4. '
~
721, gr,g
102. 114
278, 705
~33, 21 l
I :t
I f'i
2. 2
0. b
\Vest Vir ginia
1. 673, 257
2, 132. 174
326,303
1. 11
I. I
754 , 455
Undist ributed by st:itec
2. 3
I, \11 I, 553
11 , :lo,, 821\
J:{, lift~ . 2!lfi
i. :H\I, 2<)fi
11,0fil. tlHti
n. on'2. 11tq
' ·3
6. fl
377, ll20
7 2
fi'i'). fl\2
illill
ti, 21-,l, 93fi
i
,j
S 3
13. II
JG. 3
6 H
7. V
10. 4
12 2
7. 7
11
n
,. : h
. . . . ti
14 . r,
5. 8
7. 6
II. f,
11. \1
13 9
20 :l
II f,
tl. ~
HI, :ii8, ~ 13
12,871, 702
fl, fi34 H:33
20. 11 1, !ll9
I , !190, :Js,
5, 109, :ll,
7fit1, 7HU
3, 32 1, 892
17, f,911, Oltl
1. iii, ., 12
32, ltiL ,121
ti, ,1:,, 07fi
3, Ofi2, 9"1i
30, ti07, '..?1)1
S, 202.
,rn
4, ;~,. 1-1.,
.5. 7
12 II
3. 2
r,, R
9. ~
9. 8
ntli. 2~8
7. 3
I, 70H. !UH
fi.:,.;
2 8
II ,
2. 3
23, 7fi7, 37,....,
1, filH. ,ih1
11 9
1, r,3r,, Oli3
8. 1
;'\,~~). 725
6 4
1(1ri: ii27
l, 122.~2:l
IIO, 2:l!l
1·> t}()') :;·n
14 . 0
-· ni ~r.o
5. 3
352. 112
I, fi'..?fi, U7f)
"·"
fi.
'..?
10. :1
2. 0111. 91;v
I. 1)51, 1;:11
6, 332. 211
:;•, ·>·11
fl. 7
13. r,
., 8
fi. flW, 15~
1. 2or., 1~3
3,U21.'..:2H
,IHH, :l35
6, 7:3r., '271i
q_7
i 4
IO 7
5, lffi, fi7fi
2S, 9<\8, 14S
I, 11:111, J',l
9. :1
5.1, ,21, :J.14
4, (i Ii, ~2.1
7. Hfi!), fl70
7, 745, , 111
7,393, 221
5, 2!16, ~2:l
51i6, 93-1
i, 231, 120
3. 5fifi. '2:3\
IVitl,OfiO
6.-t
:t ti
2, 57~. 421
3. 2
2 -t
'2, ili:'1, 109
2, -111q, fl7i
13 .',
10 I
I, 320, !1111
l ~
q;{'.,?, -~Iii
2. 2
~.
~Oil
11,031, 1103
6S,ll2!1,l1 5
'. J.:-ii1, 12a
9, 333, 211
1.2
I 7
I 7
2 l
0.'
l. Ii
II. '
ll I
II. I
2. fi
tJ. lfii. flf,IJ
2, !121, :l2I
till:!. O'..?O
I, '10H, :Ul'2
:l, liliH. ,....,U
t:{7, .121~
211. 8
6, 72.\ 197
20,(jgl,:lbl\
,I.:!
3. s
-J Ii
0 4
i90, fi'-1:-..
2:Ji, 221,711
I
1, ,ifli. fi,ii
'32, 29:l. "Ofi
R3
5. 8
16. 2
5. :i
7. i
ll . 3
Ii. X
7 2
3 i
11 i
2.6.~i. 11 2
195,,,1
l ,'..?fifl,lfi'2
~•l-1, lfi2
I, 554, •142
1. ,o~. 3111
7n,Ufifi
2.
:;o~. 252
272, fl~9
:n 1,-tX'.?
!, 210, fi2•1
:1112, ()fj,1
1, 02'l, 2:?.i
10, 122. 033
297.
~is,
2, 2 tn, '1-Hl
(B)
2 l
0.'
2."
2 2
2. 3
n. "n'i
0.1
I A
~.1fi, tifit,
0, :i
I.
0, :i
2. I
1.·,, :Jtil
1\10, I.II
I\, osr., VIII
i, 3t13, 3\l-1
J. 1:-,,1 , :!iii
I , 67tl, 021
!!II, Ills
2. 3
0. i
0. 4
2
r171~. H"li
I .,
0. ~
3. I
I 3
3. I
111, 50:i
2. :rn1, 411
1.s,n.1i11
I, Ul.1, lifi.1
fl :,
Ii S
23
1
I. :l.'1 , 01'!
I. 4
I .,
~fit, ,1;;3
I '2
14 . 0
5 \I
!i. I
1. I ii, 21J2
2.5~7. 780
11. ,1
~. ;
0.:1
:l I
12 2
11 4
1, 1110, 777
Ill. 2
12,Hl~.•H:{
1, if.'2 , :J7A
,,o:\.
10, I77, !HO
10, "lqli, 2i I
II. 3
3 .1
•>r1•)
5, t\31, 5,1
II I
1i l
,:w, 7.55
\157, HW
1. xn:i. H91
lf\,5
Hl. I
121
..... 2-17 . .):.?;\
n. 21Ji. r13'-1
I, 0~2. ~~f•
2, 50,1, l II,
12, l39, .,81
1. '-Ii I, 1)-,U
no. 20,;,,, 17..,.
27, :.?U:i, ,1:3,
2'1, t tn, -tR~
11. .~Hi, 557
7.
g 7
3. !I
9-.;7_ :-,,2\
'l
?'. 0 Ii: 77:i
111, 1179, ,>! I
12. 0
l'erc·('11t
1. 3
$ 1111 , 119. rn1
2. 7117 . ....,,n
JO, !102, 3\10
Am ount
2 0
I
7. i
11. htl. mm
l. 7311, <Jiti
I .I, 0:12, l iU
·l. ():JI, U22
3, 322, 982
I, 213 ..l~I
____
,
I. 817, 7-15
u.;
~I .i
I , fit\, 2fitl
4, IOI. ,1;
1, 2'i0, 05t
,:n
B. Ii
11 3
Ii. 3
19,),.,1\, HI"
Washington
rrerritories __
I, '-Ii I, l:'17
II . I}
:i
I
l) Jah __ .
1·ermont _
,vi,;;consi n
\Vyoming
13. f\
22. 3
12. !I
12 2
0 t-i
4, ,49, 919
2. 06G. :J03
1, 727, lit-i
234. 93:J
\?indnia __
l)tlli
1)11',
fi,01\ , 2:Jl
H, !','.i!l, i2ti
71G, 2lfi
'r'cxas____ _
8, 41i:l. 5411
I I
I. 323. 233
_
I l. 2
0. fl
.\I-li ne
1hryland
Peonsykania
Rhorte Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee ..
toi
I Ii
l :l
o. n
2, 1 lfi. 37~
'· 871. 085
.io, ; rn. 1m.1
il!4, fil4
',',Q,
9. 3
5, 904, 78 I
21. (l
HI, 71!'1, 1,:i
11. 2 17. Ohl
1 I
10. 2
11.4
I Ii
., I
2 !l
2 ti
40!
Orel!on.
n:rn. uoo
1.0,a. :w;
Lnuisiann ___
New York
'\or th Carolina _...
:--.'orth Dakota
Ohio _____ _
Oklehoma
3, G:l,,, 1198
11.
SI, O!il,
U. 82H,
11 , .5"0,
I. JUI,
\2, !,7:'1, '-1 :'1~
11, '1,1,
~. 170, tl\ti
7. r,:~:i, '-190
3. OfiO, :i,fi
I. 20fi. 3,2
KPnturky
:--:r" 1IexiCo __
9, 1%,.IXII
Percent
Ii Ii
Ii. H
fl . ti
- • - - - - • - - - - - 1 - - -1-- - - - -
Alabama
.\r izona_
,\ rkansas
Colorado __
Cnrmecticut
________ _
Delaware
_ _
___ _ _
Di slriet or Columbia _______ __ _
Florida ____ _ _ _ __ -
l\Iiscellaneou~ ...
Sa111tation anrt Health
-----,----•------·
27,
:ti:~
0 I
0. I
4, I2H. :11:J
I, 111 . 211,
I. I
21, ,17 t, '-1 21i
(liJ
0. 3
"·,~
3. 4
2. tl
2. 2
2 -I
0. 2
1 3
111
.5. \ISO, 15,I
4 i
2, 2
8. 5
0. ~
0. '
2. II
I, :-,,7:J, H5fi
Ii, 2~7. 101
6, 110 227
1,IIHl.lllll
4.
I
4.
I.
0. 2
Y, tl0'-1, Hi-t
I, •ill I, 131
11, fi21, 730
I , :m.1. 0fil
o. n
2. 0
2. I
3. I\
O. !I
I. 4
0. j
'l. j
2 2
0. 3
I 0
5. 0
2. I
9,
s,:,.
2
I
6
\I
I. 3
-I I
1112
2 ,~
19!",
6, 191, 722
11 0
3 r,
2, JO:l, \12:l
4, 32fi, Oi:l
H3i, fi~l
8, 101i,:li2
I, 31i,, 121
4\i, WI
w;,
i.,,
I.~
I I
I 0
I II
2 !,
I.U
:i1:1
1. 2
1. 5
l.U
3, 31)1\, 201
I) 9
'..? H
1. n2,.
:-.,n. tlllU
1.17:l,22fi
370, 157
l. 2
:,..
J_fl
2. 0.59, b21i
Hl, 2tJ.5, fi7Ii
I 7
"cl
"cl
5.;;
0. fi
II. b
2,011, 7i2
1,471,709
l, 153. '1fl7
3, 16.5, 849
1,001.919
I, 41)9, 191
06I, HiO
1, 7i9 ..5H~
2. 987, 191
'>01 , 671
l.i
I»
8
i l
to
I, 30,, fi3:l
850, 167
3, 121. 731
I, !Si, 914
I, 34,\, ibS
4, 250, h Ii
0,.1
ibfi, 921
1I .....'
I, ,02. 0!0
I. 907 , f,(1:1
:l. '
2. I
5 h
I. I
2. II
429, 1112
7. 7
2,519. 11\3
:i.1
4. 5
I, 997, :J\li
I. 094, 5 14
2,660. ,\4 I
I. 3
2. 9
I. 7
10
408. Olli\
39,
2. 9
(")
-4. 9:12. 2:m
• In rh1des adjustment or FNlcral e,penrlitures to total report ed by tbe Treasury Depart ment and sponsors· expenditures for land, land leases, easements, aud rights-or-way, for wbicb the dbtribution by type of project is not avai lable.
n Less than O. OS percent.
c lnclurles supply runrl f\nrl textile ac-count adjustments and central oOJce projects.
So urce: WP A state olllr·o r oports.
t,j
Ul
I 9
0. 5
tl.ll
2. fl
2, 150, 731
o.'
i.8
~
t<
2 l
I '>
2,592, fiM1
732. 91lf\
0. i
3. 2
X
l.b
2. U
; :l
11 . 9
'l.. 7
27. 170, 2'-1,1
t,j
~
t,
......
-.J
C>J
TABLE
XVI.-
ExPENDITTTRER OF FEDERAL AND SPoNsoRs' FUNDS ON \VPA-OrEH ATED PROJECTS, BY 1''l'ATEs AND BY M A.JOH TYPE S OF PR OJECTS
I-'
-..:i
YEAR E"DING Jl'NE 311, rn39
lf i{!bways, Road s. and
Streets
.-\ 111ount
Total
Califo rnia _
Colorado __ _
C1 0111wct1rut
Dl'iawan· _
Distnet of Colurnhia
Florida
Oklalwma _
Orl'gon ____ _
PPnn ~y l,·ania_
Rhor! e Island _
South C'arolina
Sou t h Dakota_
42. Ii
-~2f,l, Ui9, 631
J, 225,050
9. 0
I. ,5111, 60i
14. 5
1i, 4911, t~I~
2l.077,H:{n
36 9
Ii, ~21 , 921,
4;, 3
2. 994, 1)1)5
31 9
:l9 I)
54 Ii
84,443, t21l
43,941, 21.1
14, 42tl, 711:--.
12, 32~. 1.~o
26, 120, 8:J,I
I fi, 9-lf>. 12,1
4, 0flll, Ill i
5, fi~i. nr,1
27, .5!Ji. 914
37 ,;
in . 7
12 U
47 5
:J. t\%,Uli
1.5. 231. 1>6R
:J, !11~. OIY
:l, 4 I.I, 381
2HO, l(H
2. :J,8, 421
5,121.301
3, !11 I , fi91
1, o:J5. 769
t3. sn:i. 152
,;, .12 1, 932
2, 710, 161
:!, 1.15, 652
,\, SW, 198
3, t.12, 442
5lfi, fi5~
45 0
,\8. 0
AO. i'
!i3 2
43. fi
2.1. 9
11, I IH, 9fl4
·n ..1:19. 37 7
i5. 557 . .519
.54.1
36. 3
9,919. 264
9,193,698
11 , 13~. 161
,\II ,5
33, 397. ,172
" · 92'J. 467
13 0
·Ii 4
2. .t. 17, 820
8, IOfi, 223
IOI. 421,022
IO, Ollll, 760
l.02i, 739
I. 7311, 993
41, 1:1,, 474
2() fi
-10 f,
2. 314. 341
8,830, 8,51
I, :i3~. 907
2. OWi, 421
tlill.R29
:m, 030
2iX, l,~3. 316
2~. i8!i, 536
12, 2 13, ➔ 57
220, !I.I~. ,571
,12, 2~~.4-11
Iii. V97, i9-I
.13. rn:1, ~ I ~
I 1, 191. 122
I 1.5. 4H I , 221
1:i9, i.10, 57g
fll, 918,402
21. mm. '373
,,. rn~. ,o.s
18. ,2n, 020
2:), :l J2, 491
23:l.1XO,ii9R
11, Mm. 290
2. nm. 497
4. .53fi, 12,5
131. 3r,:s, to,
23,307, Rfll/
7, ~.,,, :-\21:{
14g_ 88i. !i3fi
2, 333, 535
IO, 3.11, /jq9
5, 16,\, 02q
Tennessee_
'rrxas
Utah ___ _
Vermont__
3 1, O:l:l, 22i
Vi rgi nia ___ _
\Vashington
\Vrst Vi rginia __
\Vi sconsi n __ _
lR. ,110, 3n9
H, 9R9, 922
34, 3it. 956
72, 1),12, 134
4, 133, 2-18
IS, 9 I0, ,\26
27,002, 21~
3, 85i. 6,11
2. Rlfi, r,qq
r,, 3·12, 73q
19, 769, :i;q
22. 46i, 690
Ii, 186, fil3
I , fififi, 605
3, 32.5, 42l
I, 42,\, 4AA
Undistributed by s tate
I~. H
3fi, II
~. 53,1. 9111
10, .168, 8211
4/i,5, !i79
I, 373, 3,t
12. 345, 221
1,1, !11 ,1. 373
Territories __ __ _____ _
Percent
59. 8
llO. 2
63 I
2i, 136, 124
13, .120, 12,1
Wyoming _____ _
I
2 1,314, 195
r,, 283, 524
9. :i8G, -156
21:l, 21)0, 139
~ll . .5fil. i4h
30, 1nt( 212
27, 125, 4i7
l!i.llllH, li59
:l3, 4 10, 499
i, 113:l, 331
l'l, 02~. fi29
::I
Amou at
$1, l~JO, 431i, 512
:rn, '-\i:t 1.11
01'o rgia
I
3.1, 11.1:J, 460
2i. iO\J, 8J.i
Ill, Sfifi. J°')4
21\, l"',l, ii\
2X, l !i2, i ,~ l
2, ,92, :)90
10, ti7.5, 242
3:t llifi, 23'-I
_
New York ____ _
:~. forth Carolma
North Dakoia _
Ohio _
Percent
$'2 . .i,i"I, IJ;J,\ 22tJ
IIJ, 132,900
Arizona_
)lichigan _
~ l inm'sota .
_\ [ ississippL
:\Iissouri _
~\ (onta na _
~,·hrnska
:'-J"l'vada _
~e,,· l! ampsllirl'.
Nt•w Jersey ___ _
Nrw :\[C'xiro __ _
I
-----
Alabama
klah1J __
Illino1s_
Indiana
Iowa __ _
K ansas _ _
K entucky _
Louisiana
lllaim• _
:\[aryland __
i\Iassachust~tts _ _
Pa rks and Ot her Recreationa l Facilities
P u blic Buildings
Sewer Systems and
Other Utilities
Conservation
Total
State
Arkansas
I+"-
fi3. 07'-t, 77\J
11. fHO, ,5 12
;), 17,5, 225
15 3
10 4
I, 3,17, 313
11. 0
6. 5
S. I
9. 0
i, 9
12. 9
9 4
6. 8
Ill 4
12, 5
i. 1
14 . 4
8 4
1l 4
8. 2
8. 1
6 3
3 8
10 fi
rn
I
12. f.i9, 350
1,5. 3
3~
~
3, i95, 33 I
I. g,;q_ r,g2
13, ,;q4, 600
6,8 17,885
I, 802, 396
13,443,966
2, nq3, SIU
:i, M l. 301
1. mg, r,32
13. 2
16 3
fl. 0
rn. 2
I
I
2
8
i'
2
38. 2
61 0
42, R
:l3.1
fi2. n
I. 490,
i, 490,
I. 932,
272,
2,073,
i79
281
iOfi
711
31 3
44 II
65 4
23 9
2.12
4,933,469
40. 3
300, 2At
42. 9
I. 73fi, 38,\
R, .i7fi, 214
I, 30 1,249
- 2, 621,548
• L ess tha n 0,05 1w rcc n1.
8 Ta cludes s11p;1ly f11nd an rl textile account a d justmen t s anrt cent ra l offi ce projects .
13. 3
13. r,
14 9
12, I
JU ,;
22, 3
16. 2
10. 7
lfJ, Stn, .\i'R
2, 14 fi, 5g.1
9
(('o nc lu rl ed on next pa~e)
Amount
I Percent
JO. 3 $19fi, ll 04, i4G
'.N I
:~7
,ii'
.I.I
•Iii
f>3.
Ii
3'{
I
21 I
10. 6
5. 8
13 I
20, 9
lO. 9
Perce nt
Amount
l't:rcent
i, i I $98,144.534
3. 9
$24ol, b55, h7t,
9. 6
I. 4
1.2
1. 2
2. 4
1:t o
27. 5
18. h
5. i
., 5
2, !i
21i, 891
0. 6
848,602
44 l, 98i
251, 230
13,013. 6~1
2, 100, ,51G
3,880, 3o2
i6i, 865
2. 008, 783
I, 893,357
3, 1.50, 2i2
34-1. 245
20. 327, 205
!i. 497, 701
I. 212.994
3,212, q12
932, 2 t fi
2,687, 289
360, i lO
i90, O~ t
6, 535, 187
3. i
13, 7
6 8
4 II
11 i'
2 I
2, 503, 356
6, 568, 43i
,5, 911,314
zr,, 6
3, I
820, 2l 7
27, li63, 107
13. 11
8,075, 734
Ii, 914,993
474 . 030
4,462, 140
I, 109, in!
1,679,159
366, SGG
72~. 252
12,393, S7,I
,52'1 ..1fil
5. 8
10, 7
I i
2.1. 749. 349
2. '137, 2i2
9 2
9 I
499, 841i
125, 678
409, 191
Ill, 988. 822
SOi, , qg
2,443,!>%
227, .502
341, ,159
I, 209,315
942.116 1
511. 490
25, 196, 001
1, 27G, 329
50~. S34
9. 0 13, 4fll
1. i!O. !SR
IOi, i64
1.0
26l. 008
1 36,5. 802
0. 9
3, I
1, 70\-J , 743
I, -14 -1, 22<J
134,324
8fi ..527
I. 042, 812
8. 7
8 I
3. 2
3. 6
8 II
4, 7
6 l
5. fl
5, i'
7, ,;
0. 8
3. I
3 0
3 ti
3
\-J
lll 7
11. 9
Iii. 6
2, 36i, 360
286. 41.I
128,600
3. 8
618,589
3 3
r, 8
2 fi
2. 3
I (i
19 0
9 4
I.I
,.9
8. 7
5,60 1,849
11 II
6. 2
1. 8
5. 2
1. 2
8, 8
2,523. 197
2,087, 747
1, 1109, 290
I, 22~. 340
16, 533. 6i9
13 2
8,947, 777
6. 4
3. 7
18. 8 14 , 172
6. 8i2. 327
1:3 4
2,4 16,715
41,1, 4:!5
i, 022, 654
I. 59,5, 620
!.Ii
9. 0
8. 5
89/i, 60,
i , 806, 51V
1. Oi3, 292
3 2
3,460, i72
102. 711
I. (\78. 9il
lO, 2114, 25H
0
7. '1
4, 0
4. 6
0. I
l.i
4 4
J1 7
3, 51 I, 296
I, iOi, 614
I, 205, 195
I. 262, ,538
32,989
,584, 279
:394, 203
151 ,035
10, 1.12, 550
6. !i
12, 5
11. I
4. :i
I) 9
; 0
423, 234
2 7
39. I
6. 5
lfi4, 606
l. 019, 4.11
2, 1119, 685
83G, fi21
35, 587
9. 3
5. 1
4. 8
fi.(;
8. 7
12. 2
!i ~
4, 8
3, 07.5, 010
.1-1 2, ~22
13, fi83, 2it
389, 68~
o.
14 , 4
3 3
4. 2
II 0
5. I
9. I
i.3
42i, 456 1
1..5
9. 8
907, 213
57[. 087
5. 0
I I. 2
Amount
t. ! iS, liOO
1. ,lfi9, 599
334, 103
I , 279, ill
I , ?f.3.~30
471 ,203
9i l , 369
3, 4611, 3,1,1
3, 9S:l, H 2
330, i09
I , 487,009
260, 726
1.406, il 2
1, 162, 599
388. 38 t
3,12, 91i3
2,247, ,51 4
139,802
6, 640,870
2·16, IOI
2. l
II ~
0 fi
I.I
10 5
0 8
1.1
5 7
I. 5
25 0
! 2
590,324
3,1, 3 14. 48G
I, 643, 182
75i, 984
2!, i86, 799
I, 874,869
I , 423. 249
10,834, 521
2, I 10, 20i
92i . .lli4
11. 0
i 53, 990
o, 8
898. 3ii
3,814. i 98
l. il8, 3SS
404, 62 1
I. 41 0, 03°I
5,361.023
i'i3,5%
I! , I I!, 912
266,372
2. 2
lO. 0
i I
I. 9
5 0
0. 4
9, 2
6, 0
(A)
123, i63
.s. n
6. 2
9 4
14 3
10. fi
JO. II
.I. 7
~
"O
0
~
0
z
"<:I
;:ti
0
,:i
;:ti
l"i
[/J
[/J
0
",j
..,
::r:
13 fi
4. ll
20 ti
IO I
5. ti
t,J
12. i'
::u
fl. 7
6. 2
~
'v
>
"O
~I fj
0
0
4 4
8 4
►
4 6
l3. 2
3. •I
5. 6
2 9
fi. O
H.8
7. 4
7. 6
l! 9
2. 3
15 4
6, ,I
3. 7
;:ti
~
T A BLE
XVT.
- ExrE:--ro r'l'URE~ OF F E D E R AL AN D SPoNsORf;' P uN o s ON WPA -OrE R AT ED P ROJECTS, B Y i-,·rATE:, \N D RY .Vl.uoR T YPES OF P Ro.r E cTs-Conc l u d ed
YEAH ENDIN<, JuNE 30, 1939
Airports and Othe r
Transportation Facilities
,-talc
White Collar
Goods, Other than
~ew!ng:
Sewing
------ ·----(----Amount
Arizona
I, 018, 718
H0, 259
3. S
I.fl
l.3
_
119,025
Di"tri r• t of Columhia
Flori,la
Oeorg:ia
1. Iii-I,, 315
732. 36fi
3 ,;
2St}, 95f>
3 I
I. 5
0. i
I <laho __
412. 016
--
Illinoi-.;
lndiana
lowa .
3, 173, 31Y
5Y9. 299
~!-l. 559
635,229
Kansas
Kentu cky
Louisiana
303. IV2
'.?Ofi, 9fi2
140,721
41, 21)3
::'\Iaine
:llarylal](J
3. 9
2 0
2.'
2. 3
o. 7
0. r,
I 9
0 3
~ f assachusetts
2,911,920
2. S
:l[ichigan _
;\linnesota
93S, 461
0. 7
1. 240, 570
I. g
I. 2
l. 5
;\[ississi ppi _
}.fis~ou ri
:.\fontana
NehraskH
;,Je\ada
New I famps hire
New Jersey
New :\ [ exfro
).Tew York __
North Carolina
:-forth Uakota
Ohio
_
Oklahoma
Oregon
_
Pennsyl,·allin
Rho,le Island
340, 874
I, 184,319
2 111, 7110
PerC'ent
Percent
Amount.
1-------1----1----A.moun:,
II)
r,
,1.fi
1.5 I
.\, ~91. lOfi
7 3
2. HOI. t.5:l
\I Ii
g I)
10 4
12 2
2, •171 , :i20
-1. filifi. ;J t2
l, 09:J. 117,5
-iH1> . .1:rl
l.Hl2.lll 9
11. -.:o:i. 21.1
10, 1)27, 0.5~
>l, 19,5. (!';j
4, 133, ,;r, 1
fl. ~~o. <i~:?
6 5
12 -t
l.i -I
7 f,
12 Ii
2:1 11
0. 7
l, 741, 1111
2. 1J0!1.xm,
:l l I . 1128
S20. :341
1.0
:J. xu...:, -.:0 1
0. 5
0. 2
0. r,'
3. ,5
1, :H,\,8'll
19.02S.9Sl
:J, .\Ofi, ,5r, I
2. O'll. 73-1
11 9
9 I
7 fi
13 ,5
10. H
.~~
~
:i
2.219, fi7,1
12 5
623, 43,5
l , :332, 8,58
12 9
45S. 722
.;o,. 510
7,471,856
6 0
:J 9
4, 3S7. 445
l, i\13, 853
I, 650. 907
3 I
3, 92Y, 433
1. 113, .5:Jo
1, ,517, 471
22-..:, ~-11
gqr,, Wl
8, 710, l\i-t
2, :J.55, 242
3. I
8. 2
717.~fi0
IO, 150. I9l
I. 7~l\ 9H.i
I. 061, S78
3,020, ,\;'{
L :irn. :m7
II.I
2. j
1.1
2,:$99, 71~
7. 7
IO. g
1. 2
I, l 13. llfi
-50, 3111
12 l
.jli\, 98b
13 7
19. l
10. j
2S2. 321
1, tY2H. '-1-13
2, ,584, 8Sll
2,383, 9ll
r.s:i. os~
____ _
79.5, 057
JO\ I! 7
'T'erritories .. ___ _
220, 631
0. I
3 I
3. 5:34, 0,52
3. 7
2. 0
1. I
l,f,74, W:l
2. 3>'\, 1.5 1
>l. 3-l7, 7:31
2. R
521,080
Ii. 9
11. r,
12. fi
6. 7
180, 142
5. ,t
Un<listributed by state c ___
552, S60
:i
.). 2
j
,,rn.
l.4
2. 5
7. 437
573. JOU
1, fiii, 5(11
,i !-)
!I 0
IO .\
4, -10 1, .IS7
0 17
1,207, 1'.115
f3, XU-I, 7~U
0
9
I
,1
I 3
(i~li, 1)73
7~4.5 47
2 8
2.3
l~l . :i:\S
JS . 0,:1
0 3
3. I
J:lll ,\tll\
2. f,
L7
I 7
I 9
\ :i
.5. 1
l, 016, .107
2. 9
'.l'l i, U-l l
'l l
2 I
2. 1
1,.5, 338
t) i
754 ,300
7,; g, 070
7
I 0
722 , 0,\0
2. 2
2lH. 252
,16. 092
2. 2
(")
12,077
(BJ
I I
I)
(UI
0 3
370, S7fi
2, 26.ti, :if,,)
126, :H:?
6 1·1. !.SO
-.,:n
0 :i
0. ~
442, 991
1, 3r,,5, -1\19
2 I
I 3
2 H
0 7
2. 4
2, 134, 158
9:32, 527
l 6'l, 493
2, !::Ofi, 697
1. ln5. 728
'l81 , 6:3 1
681. 457
102. 601
12, 501\
:lO. !ll2
II .\
0. :i
I, 141\, 130
3r,r,, 31-1
2, ~1.l, ~Oil
I)~
8, 274, fi84
30.5, 5:JI
I I
I I
I, s26, 878
2:J, 51ll
.11H. :mu
5. 9
134,620
-I ,1
-t 2
fi. 2
794 991l
873, :109
233, 09!
254, 130
IJ. :i
252, 724
I 6
9Sl. 321
-W2 . ,162
2. l
291. 007
9,801, 196
15. 5
l.l
5. 2
863, OIH
6:J. 492
25, 8 tO
8. 8
43,5, 21l7
.; 7
81,382
6. 9
281,HO
3.0
3, OOll, ~28
9. 9
43, 283
2 I
,£54, 092, lli7
2. I
1, 081, \l:l7
:J. 0
-----
19~ ·131,
!, 121 , 20:i
1. 82'l, 157
1.n1u. 1~2
:i3L
I, IY,\
,ili.1,
117
Y,%
31\9
~"{()
5q 1
t. :m~. 092
10,307, !02
46:l, 192
.~76, 940
t, 337, 000
IOU
l. ,5
2. 0
2. 7
j 0
3 5
I y
2. 7
I. 7
1.5
10. 5
9
I)
I. ,5
ll 7
:39 5, fiil
l ,8ls.H9
2 :i
:3g I, :i:ig
I!
2. ti
1. :3~r,. 4112
lli. :"1
'.! i
t,,j
2. 70\1, 1711
3. 7
:ifi7, 72R
:t
.,so, :mg
:i:is
\ 7
1.\1
415, 2\11
:J. 4
92\, 71:i
ll. 4
I -,
4, 5Y2,
7611 , 21H
I 9
I 3
2. 7
3. 6
3 0
8. 7
3. 9
930, ,505
57fi, .130
:l. 5
0. 9
I. 4
0 ,\
3,720,835
!, 798, 360
339, 021
12. 0
2. 8
2. 9
816,172
2. 7
432
4 2
968, .1311
\ r,
211} , .1r,:~
ii. 5
521. 273
3~3. 41\1\
448, 695
0. 5
7. 6
0. fi
102,551
2. 5
Rll, 17.5
I 9
li j'
2 X
II.>,
1.IJ
2. 9
I. 9
41 ,338
1. 2
-2, 781
-0,1
3G~. :lll)
3,-,Y. 147
2. 0 ,ih, 05,1
" Less than n.o.; percent.
C Inrludt•s supply furnl and t.t•.x til1 • :1(•(•011111 adjustmpnts and central
Source: \ \' PA state office reports .
otl 1ee
prnjLiets.
t"'
j'
-3, 174 , 408
-\ Indu_d<·S r_u lj:..isLm1.1nL of F'Pdt•r'll l'\Jlt'JH l :t1 tr1'°' to total repo rted by t ht• T'n•asury Ih•partrnL•nL and spuusurs' e\ tJl'nditun•s fo r la nd , land lens,·:--, t•nst•JllL'llb, a11d ri ghLs·uf •way , for which the dis trthution hy
typr of pro11•ct 1s not ava1luhll•.
....,
►
b:I
336
I. 0 18, 958
241, 590
2, 6L5, 965
......
~
I 'l
31:J, 1ll7
2,953, ~:!Y
0 5
2 j
0 2
0. 8
l .2
1.0
%
0
:?. -l
l. 2
1 I
2. 9
0. I
"tl
"Cl
[rj
Iii, HIS
201 , 269
2, 622, 974
460, 770
2,357,220
528,084
I 4
>
30:l. 211 1
0 I
I.I
3O
6. 3
1 8
0. l
3 2
2. :i
42~. 22\1
2, Olli, ltll
ll. :l
II 3
S, lfili
fi57, ~65
sss
:l17. 930
2. 0
1. 0
1. 2
0 5
2 8
l. i
l. 5
7 7
8. 0
·l. 7
6 8
2 , 156,
409, 1115
j
I, r,7,5, l)S,I
1, 2fi"i, 593
l, 2b0, ;27
914,032
l7, 8fi7. 714
I 0
1).\1 , II 11
2, 8:l5, 3 7(1
2. ,t
0 :J
I 5
0 8
1.54 , 28,5
219, :Jlli
78. 890
HfiO
7
,;
.5
7.
101\, Olit
0 9
1:JS. IS7
3:1 1, 12!
184, 763
n_ 5
2. 2
2.11;, ,583
'll ~. :310
I, ,-.,71
5. ,\
s
fi. -1
l.
6 j
7 9
t}.
I 9
2. 27 l , 9Hi
2:J'l, 034
--------
I 3
I. 7
:l l
I.
("I
:J. l
P ercent
----
$l g, 202, 335
2 l
2. 17S, 966
2, 17.5, 304
2, 171 , 913
A
- - - - - ---------- - --
.Amount
Amo u nt
Percent
, _ _ _ ,_ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - -
Sl3, ifi9
m:n. r11-..:
t.701 , 742
lj.1/ , 07S
j
-
:Vlisccllaneous
PercenL
6!.~ 10
:lO. 9.18
l, 010. 66.5
3 5
3 6
3 9
3, 11q, .168
I, 963, 98S
21. :mo. 12H
6il.l6!
!3-1, S!O
g
:i:n. 920
329, 5H
7. 7.lO. 9l3
I.I
751l. 601
',
(ifif)
7
0. 5
Tennes:-;ee
Texas
,;
00 1) ,
-170, Hil
2, 728. 70,J
72, 76.t
9 7
8. ,5
3 2
8%, 863
:J,!8, 194
2, lhl. 671
3q4, 297
Virginia
II 1;
li:J, ~.l'Sl, Oll7
1.5
332, Sill
,vashington
\\'est \'irginia
\Vi sconsin
:t2. 23:J, iii
11 5
'17 0
4 5
1.492, 3fi2
IS.5. 7011
South (_'arolina
Utah
Vermont
.1:t 2. rn~
12 II
11 8
II. 5
11. l
;~ii: 03fi
170, <J'iS
:J, :117, 873
'l'''' IJ'lS
2. ;;~;· 11116
:J, 878, 8:37
3. oor,, :171
lei, •1\17, :{O[i
IHI. t9:!
I. 3
I.I
V, fi3.5
.5Y. 51:l
:l!, \111:l, OSI
277. 75Y
GO, :121
lSS. 43,
?'fl •J'lQ
:J.
lI H
i I)
\-J 2
11 I
12 :1
n :3
11.:J
Ii l
2x:i. 4:37
South Dakot"
\Vyoming
.\ mount
2. 61
$:32:J, 177, 18,5
-1.fi
$6fi, 022. 19~
1'.! fi
$ 1-12. :i2-t , '1.17
$28, 19.5, 79.5
------1-----1------1----l------l-l-----527, IJ,5,5
31)3, 715
IJ. 8
II I
I, 19.1, H07
3. l
:l. 9:is. 1101
:{~l. ,:j(j:j
I. 229, :l,50
13. 327
0. l
11. 8
3. 7
122,074
I). 5
2, 6:H. I l!l
9. .5
fi. 7
I. SS I, -1 18
31ll , 120
22, :il4, 335
0, 7,l l. S4o
3, 8-12. 056
3. 4
20 I
I, 9111, 439
~- 7
Total
Alabama _
Arkan sas
Californ ia
Colora<1o
_
Connecticut
Delawnre _ _ _
Percent
~anitation all(! H ea l th
f---'
o--1,
176
REPORT ON PR OGRES
T AHLE X VU .-
8EL EC'1'E D
lTE~1s
OF P HYS I CA L
OF T H E WPA PROGRAM
A cco ~1P L t ~ H M ENT ON
Numht:r uf JJuhlie B uild10gs
:l l lh>s of H igh ways. R oads,
an d St reets
A ll ol he rs
Schools
State
New
construct ion
(includ-
N umher or
Rridl!CS
N u mber of
Culve rts
Mi
of
urles
hs,_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , C
I mproveffil' !ll S
ing addit ion s)
WP A - OPERATE D P ROJE CT ., BY ST ATE S
tew
pavemeat
I mpro\·ed
pa\·e-
Un pa\·ed
ml' n t
New
roostruc-
Impro c
me~-t;
t iuo
T
w
construc-
A lahama _____ _
Arizona __ ____ ____ ___
Arkansas __ __ __ ________ _
Ca lifornia ____ __ ____ ___
Colorado . __________ ___ _
C'onnerticut_
Dc la,vare _
___
Di~triet of Colu mb ia
F lorida _____ _
Georg ia ___ ___ _____ ___
ldabo ___ ______ ___ ___ __
lllinois __ ___________ ___ _
I nd iaoa . ___ ____ __ _____ _
I owa _ ___ ___ ___ _____ __ _
.Kansas ___ ____ ____ ___ __ _
Kentucky _____ _____ ___ _
Lou is iana ____ ___ ____ __ _
Jl laine
________ ____ _
) fary laod _____ ______ _
i\f assac husetts __ ___ ___ _
JI ! ich igan ___ _
l\ fi oncsota . ______ __ __
1\ 1iss issi ppi_ _____ _____ _
l\ [ issour t ________ ___ ___ _
Mo n ta na __ __________ __ _
Neh raska ___ ____ ___ ____
Nrvada
i'\P\, H ampsh ire ___ __ _
New Jrrney
______ _
New i\ f Pxico ___ ______ _
3,047
A21..550
Al 6.07S
69
458
221
24
202
143
,57
189
367
1ti7
4G6
1, .567
27t-.
10
361
24
,520
263
I
127
203
21
39
2,
11
39
l
240
13fi
13
18
294
337
247
43
750
121,
411
40.\
230
21JH
682
122
95
178
18
4
9
1)53
6
I, 115
203
5H
:rn
52 1
69
808
62 1
125
139
,,33
107
l 10
30
162
I
22
42
t12.5
147
41:J
32
1. 2.\9
b07. 8
J, 11 'i
129. 4
1:J 1 0
335. 6
3 17
2M 2
74 . 8
14 9
9. 0
434 . 6
362. 3
46
JO_5
90:l
918
62!i. 8
217
159
728 , 5
fi8. I
154 .5
4S. :l
100. 6
30, 9
6,1 \I
102. I
I 9
3·1 !I
422. 7
Jfi .•)
5. :l
I. 182. 2
l. 124 0
"',2
~
1.14. \)
.,39
517. 7
136
3,\
17.\
I. 121
ln7. 3
7. 1
1:!9. 4
130. 2
,\44 . 2
22. H
493 1 I . 1:3 1
722
t160
109
2\M
243
l~H
861. 4
4\1. 2
31 :. 6
232. 0
31. 9
251
170
32
123
378
:104
Jli2
I
28-1
4.,\
86. 9
234, 2
653 . .\
no 2
10, 3
HJ~ .,
IIN0
72. -t
18 . 9
GI. fl
2\1. o 4
en
.I. 209. 9
4 . .\(),, , 2
4. 088. 0
I. 760
40
I8,5
259
721
1, 9V3. l
311. l
63
2
74
l
39 1
90
R 9'J~I
6, 90:l
fi. 1.19. 0
l. .142
71i'
1.1151. 7
I, 258. S
274 ~
I. S:J9. 9
28fi
57
95
87
1,3 19
9.\
154
1. 380
J. 194
8. 0.\4. 4
11. 84.\. 7
4. "',2\o{. 7
10. 782. 6
3. 774. 6
186
176
2,937
387
546
169
17, 747
324
°'·
3Ml.0
0. 6
5, l:!8
1, lfii. 5
834. 0
I. 8!l8. I
I. 329. 4
684
l
I.
,o;,
Nrw Ynrk (' 1tv )
North Carolina ·
.53
7. 6S2
603
Oklahoma _
Ore.zm1
Penn ~vl va!lia
H hnr!,; Isla nd
South C'::irolina ____ ____ _
Sout h Dakota
TPnnPssre
'T'f'xa s
Ptah
18
351
78
26. -14<1
6,990
734
24. 8
l 13. 6
2 . 52..;:
1. 483
158. 9
165. 7
2,0.10
M
330
104
436
68. 5
4. 8
19.,. I
57. 1
89. 0
2. -122
21
fi l ~
31
72. 8
16. 7
37. 4
6.
97
98
109
44 9
872
69
lfl7
29
706
437
26
:l6. 5
706. 2
79.5
7. 0
388. 6
38. 2
22
24
2fl~
I. .,12
7.10. 2
,502.
19f,
88
220
2. 38,
47fi
57.1. fi
Ql 3. •\
fi92. 4
310
297
84 . •\
16, 2
11. I
6 ..\93. 6
188
64
164
1.0.\! I. I
10,747.3
964
1 I. .S84 . 3
2. 312. 8
J, 136
2,
f132
33
9S
480
139
5
332 2
1 3
9. I
30. '<
100. 5
2f. 4
:,.,7 1 i
2);~
22 . .
129
91
18
a2g 7
12:l
11 2
144
21.\
ll17
83
132
5. 1
167. 2
gg . i
13!1
419
212
253
.3
106
12
178
14. 4
H:l. 2
20 ..\
5,212. 4
:~2'i. 0
:1. •17fi. 0
:1X 7
,,ow.o
3. 0
378 3
!.'< g
36. 0
IH. ?fi l . 0
10. 300. 4
l. 7:l9. 5
4.114 8. 5
.\. 003. S
6. 1116 8
!l, 2(i~ ,;
\ · irginia
__ ___ __
\ Vash in gton
\ Vr•sl Vi rginia ________ _
r,3
,_,
rnr.
:! 13
:\(Jf1
94. 8
.ir,3
\Vi srons in
___ __ ___ _
\V yoming _____ ___ _____ _
17
I 95
2M. O
lfi3. 2
:J,5 0
90.5 I
22
8!1.,
,,I. 9
4 13 8
11
7S.5
1-18
n awai i . ____ ___ __ ___ __
12
109
28
33. 6
11 . 2
A
R evised.
33~
101 3
181
fi27 . 6
41:J
223
i.(-,Y;)
l , fi2~1
6. 020
I R. 02H
20.
:ln\l
2 . .1.\2
10. 711.\
159
642
2
7(1
380
l , 8.,t
227
I , 315
J. 700
239
72
2. 724 2
76
26,
424
132
37.\
22 6
18
(Cooc-l u ded on next page)
14 7. 7
5. 112
.557
776
I. 297
I •.\SJ
329
:198
31. 2
] , 290. 0
508. 8
93. 4
105. 0
2. 480
3. 4/i:J. 0
:!. L 9. 9
l. fiO;,.,
222. 9
1, I 9
.\0
590. 0
R2 i
72
33.
523. 2
31i
2. 111
488
8. 332
1. 494
I. 73:J
12. 3
37 9
64. 4
252. 8
9. W2
5. .193
7. 920
4. 124
5.11
I
266
1, e\ lH
67. 3
215. 4
971. 4
201. 4
44,Q_9
222. ]
354 . 7
709. 4
2. 02.\
12 . 4
16. 3
321.1
177. 4
611'1
72. 2
342 4
75. 4
I. 067
I. fi86
i78
213
674
1,270
:m4
1. 5
95. 9
663. 3
247. 3
473 ..)
53
H3
!DH
374. fi
fi9. 3
717
711
806
4
I, 47fi
ew Y ork (P xr lurling
No r th Dakota
Ohio
11 , 469. o
96. 0
I
253
l. 93.5
194
1.06f,
8, 123. o
.,1(1
716
259
Ne,Y York City _ _____ _
l.
I. 468. 1
18 51.1. 3
7Hfl . 2
11. :-122. ~
9. lo:l.9
174
2, .i2fi
uos
1,054
125
6. 14•1
6. J-1 (1
2. 902. 7
1.0,9
29
2.,
1',,
I. 317
14. ,:14
286
133
257
1.;r,
11. :lH
11. 2
1. :H II. 0
T~~ I
JR
U,7
42
23. 52 1 313. 20-1
3.519
103
2.., 40
219
J. 127
9. 124 . S
7.12. 7
27. 9
I. 3
9. 7
3098
R6
137
wa l ks
and
P athsNew
an d improved
1
24,778 _1_1_. :_1v_o. _o . 12. 257. o 256, 1.57. o
153. 3
2-rn
Im-
1m)rovtes-
tioo
- - - - - - - -- 1 -- - - - - - - - Total_
I
New
and imp roved
J\filesof
Sid e-
301i
2. 233
I . 229
2•11
125
I . :l77
:rn,
41
3.
R, f-i21
9. 192
~,o
157 1
I
I
99. 0
274 . 0
75. 3
33. 0
73. 5
C
5-1
88. •I
165. 9
16. 0
466. 2
1. 0 1. 4
2.
:ioo
12,\. 7
l!i
42 1. 4
.\9. 4
I 2S8
5. 225
134
10
,') lfi
~. j~fj
I . 188
I . :lS7
711
16
91
16.\. \I
9i . ~
17 2. 4
I. :l20
3. 195
2, 10:?
29fi
19. 614 1 1•.\24
,1, 44 11
I. 480
I. ()f,H
2. ;17 I
H9
170
I
138. 0
74. 4
4 4. 9
176. 0
29. 4
.\0-1. 6
129. 0
17.5. 4
20 7
102. 0
196 :l
46. 5
I 10. 1
32. 5
10. 6
2,53. 2
.12. 2
139. 3
46. 9
64. 9
2~0. 11
11. 2
123. 9
50. 4
217. 5
17. 0
6. 9
5. 0
2U. 7
87. 2
9. 7
177
APPENDIX "rABLES
T A BLE
XVJT .
,
ELECTED
ITEM S
OF
Pn Y,; 1r.\L A cco~1PL1s11~1ENT
TA'rE s - oncluded
ON
WPA - OrER ATED
PRO.JECTS,
BY
'i' II ROUGn JUNE 30, 1938
X u mbe r o r Parks,
P layg roun ds, Atblelic Fields, a nd
Fairgrounds
1\1iles
or \\' atc r
l\l ains, Aq u eduC'ts, anrl Distrihut ion L ines
I
m es
or
Storm
and Sanitar y Sew-
ers (T runk.L ines
a nd L aterals)
tate
st ru ction
( in cluding
additions)
T ota l
.\ ri zona
__________ _
.\r kansas
___________ _
('alirorni a _____ _
Colorad o
Delawarc-
J: mprovr- New ('On- l 111pro n•- New con- l rnprovrmeat s
s truction
uwnts
s tru ctio n
meats
IO, 871
79
38
24
33
65 1
88
59
31
,02
2().\
11 3
15
70
127
35
6
2. 600 0
' 56, 2.'\8, 1,5 1
' 139,l.&2,fi%
A 41 , ,107, 072
., 2:J'"'i, 410, iOli
2. 9
IO. ,5
W5.1Ml l
21:J, 17 I
421,261
145,676
I. 332. ,f\2
,518. 71:,,
22. 4
493.,
I \.5 . I
I 2
! .'if) I
56. 7
20 .5
0 I
48 . I
61. 4
5 ..5
2, 1%,fi-1,5
,
,
74 . 3
31. 4
14 7
2. I
s. 0
0. I
137. I
13. 3
45. 3
13. 2
:1
3fi. 5
Ida ho _
Illinois _______________ _
20
192
27
\, 032
Inctiaoa
__________________
------------- _
l O\\~a
177
69
279
2 \.5
92
105
63
32
5'I
59
23
Louisiana
l ai ne
I\ [ ar y land
i\,f assach use Us
~I ichi ga n
~linn esota
i\Iiss iss ippi
~ri ssouri . ___________ _
l\.fontana ___ _______
__
Nebras ka ___
___
):'e\·ada
Xew I l ampshire
0.1"ew· Jr rsf'Y
~ew ~rexico
:Sew Y ork Ci t y
Xew York kxC'l urting
New Yo rk Cit y)
:Sorth Carolina
:Sorth Dakota
O hio _
39
39
11 7
205
420
136
41 6
353
IS.3
28
103
:: I
n
59. 4
233. 0
120 G
8.5. I
WI 5
\, 039. 9
·18 I
tN
II I V
23 :i
71 i
1\lX. !\
89. 2
190. 831
I , 449, ,,:12
2. 226. 092
2. 832, 82/,
2, 499, 8-13
J. O!i~L .1(17
~.r.2. -t f,!'1
:1V~. Ii:-.
871 , 938
600,500
923, 527
!Sn, 1.53
I. 872, 79n
3, 738. 3.55
14,609. 39 1
I, 3.52, ~36
124,814
.'i89, ·l li'J
234, Hfill
26 1.394
31.R
.59. 6
2. 7•19,K I H
fi. l
32. 8
192,7 19
52-1. .'i lfi
0. I
431 , 103
I. 449, 00V
377, 480
I 18,0 18
232
327
43
42
21. 2
363
3 16
29 1. I
17.S
20
26-l
33 1. 0
85. 9
25. 0
South Carolina
60
So uth Dako ta
Tennessee
rrcxas
Uta h
__________ _
36
105
135
41
14
i4
146
44
Ill
13
652. 2
191.0
726. -t
36. 3
62. 7
2-l . 3
107. 0
3fi3. hi5
2, 1\30, 4 Iii
t3f,, 1511
7,802, iAA
23. I
14 5. 3
18. I
84. 8
14 . 8
3-t S. 77•1
277, l0.5
15. I
4~ . I
2H .8
1,607, t7,\
.51. 5
0. 7
217, 71 :l
I. 3 12, 731
69
100
1.5•1
47. G
41. 7
87. Ii
8. I
80
lllK 7
24. 8
164
425
b6
414
53
6
i
n
:i
9
0
7. 2
2, 2-13, 3fi.5
120. 8
0. 2
1:.M
2&,
31;
lli2
32
1x,
295. i
45 fi
f,2, 0
22
n.
~r,.:n1
125. 9
0.6
3·1.
68 2
IO. I
o. 2
I . 53G, 3 lfi
84. 4,5\
I. 0.5.'i. 39-1
I, 80f1, ,1 12
20fi. 3 18
79 , -~9fi
:?Ii. ~0~
\1:13, :ion
94, 027
3. 767. 7f\S
8. 7
2. 3
I , 353, H3fi
2:m. :ifi2
132. 0
41 . 3
7. I
169 6
90 5
18. :i
134. 6
1, 8'.IK 02fi
6. 4
7. 3
135. 2.5.\
1·11 .2%
8. 9
122. b
8. 7
fi!it..W3
I, :JW, :J57
I . 4ti5. V\4
1. 127. r,92
.~ i . 737
70, .\ \:,,
2.(1-17, , \ I
:i. 98.~. ,4,
6. 277, Y-J7
2. U9, 20 1
5:34, 71i(I
8, !l-tt,. :333
I, OS4, 081
2. 12:1, 97.5
I , 21.5, t-:87
2. Ii i , 9!\:l
11 . 9 13, 11,,I
,147 , JOH
387, I Hi
2, 0-12. U5:-.
4, 466, 67i
14 :1. li81
4.~q. IKll
If,, 682. 711
2U9, 30:!
I, 2 17, li52
2. -rn2. vr,~1
I. 03f,, i21
IO. i 51\, I74
133, 98,
209, X.57
I IO. 132
Ii. 523, 084
8. 475, i 5 1
5. 444, %3
4.084, 2h4
1. 112, 27h
2, 2➔ 7 . 771
92i
2. Oit>. 4Hi
9b-~. Iii"
59. 3
o. 9
2, 3%, ;3:1
I. 370
3. 069. I Ii
242. OHO
6!\0, 2fi4
11,. 14:l
21. 4
0. h
0. I
67, 527
f,1:-,,
2-15, 1\08
' · 9 13, 557
597. ,141'
3, 236, 247
I. 349,200
l. 6Gfi, 273
1.=;, 2
35tl. 0
J7 7
15. 5
14 2
874, fi9.i
12,221
5,16. 721
274. 1xi:1
I, 7!\i. K4 I
5. 2
11 tJ
13 6
1.52 ·I
60-1. 098
9-1. 51Xl
109,3 12. 370
3. $32, 2711
4.52, fi"''.i
134J. H7:J
27 ..5
m,
1.87 \,1\20
f)fli
0.8
7. 8
so. 917
20 1. I 10
286.
112, 26~
0. I
!(,~. 7
334. 90-1
427, 210
2, 720, 49f.
127,947
22. 5
80
900
32
207
I, 172, 737
927. 0XY
280,9f,O
633. 674
795, fi69
11, 9-IR. 7fi7
8. I
GI. 2
30
87,672
3,0 10.897
I. 026, 737
9-15. 292
6 8, 32!\
5. 354 , 634
90-1. 094
85. 0
39
242
34 4, 63ti
t. t93 . or,.,
Ii. 774, .53!\
I. 409. X86
5. 7
Rh ode Isla nd
.5, 104 , 100
I
77:3
93.5
4. I
87 . 7
!)86, -191
19 1, 60'J
ll lfi
18 . 2
162. 9
121. 0
Uawai i ·-------
1,007,
37,
9Sfi.
I, fi:"Jfi.
12. 7
114. 4
388. I
\\"yoming: ______ _
678. I
7. •I
14 . 3
279
4. f.61. Oi9
I. 3
-t . 7
77. I
96. 7
339. 7
5. 7
3. 900, 294
46. 6
4. 2
4. 7
77 . I
109. Ufi6
630 ..5%
2. 741. H!\
18
:is ..5
I 18. 170
48 1. 226
2, 6ti), ~fi2
946. 98 I
66
144
28tl, fi74
79, 277
25. 4
I. 7
10 0
11 9
28 1
929 ..517
11~. 4fif)
245 ..5
218. 7
11. I
12
23
8-1
5. 002. 96!\
198, 5\)()
42. 3
Ii. ~
12. •\
6i
221
742
132
3 1,1
8. 9fi l. 916
2. 577. 0 19
t. 2.'i0. 723
0.8
262. 3
97. 0
97. I
:i:l. 3
12 fl
~ ,~.
1.083.
14 , 232,
1. ., 10.
2.%,\/92
3, 2:15. f.57
I, 833. 32'J
I. 2 18 , "25
621. 389
6Y. 8
770
W as h ington
\\'est Yirgi ni a _
\\"iscoos in
6. 4
24 . 5
8. 4
1\9. 0
Ill. Ii
f, 0
11. 2
3 13. fi30
38, 11 \l
12-l . 3 17
I 13, 29,5
218, 9 1\)
20. 8
38 3
6. f,39, 12,
I , 4b9, 772
204 I
13
3 3
_ __ _
·14 . 6
662. 3
2f)(i.!'\2~
1 .I
12..5
4 3
399
54
\ · irginia _
117. 9
194 . 3
197. 7
99. i
247. 3
40 4
Ok lahoma
Orego n
Peunsy l \'an ia
Verm on t. __ -----•- > -- - - -
s. 8
~o. 2
27 1 3
I 14 . 7
·13. I
228. i
f>5
I
8, 8,5.5. 0
82. 9
Kentucky __ _
prort uced
6. 8
66
Ka nsas ______________ _
N umber o r
2. 2114 0
3 14
Flor ida
other articl es
9
Geor gia __________ _
olumhi a
198
Srrvr d
Num ber of
garme nts
prod uced
ll, 0811 II
li
31
114
96
or
School
Ln llC'hrs
R(' nova tpd
4. 58fi
50
Co nnecticut.
Dis t ri ct
N umlwr of
n ooks
N w con-
.\l a hama
\V ork io "'ewing Room s
N umbt> r of
312,
~.,r,
580. 201
Index
INDEX
(Excluding tables and charts , which arc li s ted in tab le of content and appendix)
.\ ccessions to \YPA pro je t s, ti, \17 \19 .
.\ cco m1 lis hments, p h_1·s ica l, 7, l (i :Mi.
,\dm in is trati\'e emplo _,·ees, I l -1 .
,\ d rn inis t rat iveexpend itures , 1, 9 , 10\l , 1 10, I ll , 11:3 14.
.\ ged , aid to, 3, 129. 1•1:3, 1.51.
.\ ges of \\' PA work e rs, 10 1- 2, I 05 ti .
. \ !!;ricu ltu ra l Adju s tm e nt .\ d mini st r a ti on, \\' PAfinanced projec t s o pe rated by, 123 2.Jc .
.\ gricu ltura l Engin ee ring, Bu rea u of, \\'P A-fi 11 a11ced
project ope rated b.,·, 12.Jc .
.\ gricult11rf', D e partme nt f :
.\ J propriati on of 1939 ER.\ .\ ct fund s to, l -1 .
T ran sfe r of \YP A fu nd t o , under l!l:)is E R.\ .\ ct,
109- 10 .
\\' P .\ -financed projects operated b _,, 12 1 2-1.
Aid to th e bli nd and to dep nd e nt chi ldren a 11 d old-age
assis tance, 3, 129- 30, 13.5, 13ti, J.J:;, 151.
.\ ir port a 11 cl othe r tran spo r tat i<,n faei lit_,· project- :
Acc0n 1pli s h me nt s o n , l is 19, 22 .
E m p ln,·mcnt o n, 93, 96.
In l~r ic, Pa. , i-10- 8 1.
fo Esca m b ia Count_,·, .\l a ., -~9 .
Perce 11 t of total p roject fund s c, pc 11derl 011, :32 .
Spo11so,., • expe11ditu rr s on, 3-1 .
.\ laliam a, s u rve.,· of project operations i11 L•:sca111 1Jia
Co un t,_,·, .57- 64 .
,\l aska, \\"P A-financed proj cts operated in , 1:,),4,
. \ li e ns, 13, .54, 63, 85.
,\ pp ropriation s, 9, 10 1-1, l0is IO .
S ee also ERr\ Acts of ]\1;3:-,: and 1\13!l ; i11di"id na l
agencies.
Archeo log ical s un·e.,· proj ect in Er ie, Pa ., S7 .
Ass is tance . (8 cc Re lief. )
Bi 1 ,(ical Su r ve.,·, B ureau of, \\"P .\ -fina11c ed pn,j cd s
o pe rated b _,·, 123 .
13li nd, aid to the, numbers ass is ted, :1, 12\J :30, 1--1:3 , L.:i l.
See also :-;oc ia l Security progra ms.
Braille projects , 23, 5.Jc, 6 .
B r idges and culve rt s, 17- 18, 21- 22, 48, t-i l , SJ .
Bu ild ings projects. (S ee P 11 bli c h11ilrlings projects.)
('ategori cal assistance. (S ee Special l., pcs of p11h lic
assis tance .)
Chi ldre n , aid t o dep nd ent , numbe rs :1ssis led, 3, 129,
143, 15 1.
See /Jl.50 Socia l Sec urit_,· prng ra 111s.
'i,·il Wo r ks Admini strati o n, acti\'ities und e r, 13 1 32,
137, 151.
Civ il ian Co ntie rvati on Co rps:
Activities of, 41, l .Jcl.
Earnings of e nroll eti, 14is, l.51.
Numbe r of e nrollee;;, 2, 12!l, i .Jc l , 1.51.
C le rical a nd ser vice proj ec t s , 23 24, .54, 63 64, 73-74,
5- 87 .
o ee nlso Whit colla r projec t s .
201577 °- 4 0 -- 13
Coast Guard , \V P A-fi na nced proj ec t s operated Ii_,·, I :! ti .
Compensation:
For inju ri s s us tain ed by wo r ke rs on \\' P ,\ prnjer:t s,
100- 101.
Unemployme n t, 2, 13, 9 1, t:3S .
'ee al.so Ernpl _vces' Co 111 pr nsa tio11 C'ornmiss inn,
l . ,'.
Conn cticut, h ur ricane and fl ouds of Se pte mbe r 19::;:,;
in, 36, 38, 39, ..J.J , --13 , 4-1 .
'onse n ·ation proj ects, 32, 9:3 , \Hi .
onstruction proj ctti :
Accomp lis hm e ntti 011, 17 2:3_
Emplo_,·ment on, 92 \1:3, 107 .
Kumbe r of, 15.
Pe rcent of total p roject fund s l', pl'ncled on, 3 1.
S ee r1 lsu incli vicl ual t _
,·pes of projects.
Co q)s of E nginee rs, 108, 127 .
De pe nde n t chil d re n, a id to , :3, I 2\l, 1--1:3, 1-5 1.
Earn in gs of project wo rk e rs ,· I, JO J:3 , 32 3:l , 11 2,
114- 15, 148.
E d ucatio n , Offi ce o f, \VP A- fi11 a 11 ced p ro ject~ upe ratc-d
b_1r, 125.
IScl11cation projects, 23 24, .'i-1, {i:3, n , S-5 .
E m e rgency R e lie f ,\ pprop r iatio n Act of 1n:38:
.\ pp ropr ia f.ion.· unde r, l 0is 10.
Ba lances, unoiJ li gated, rc·a ppropriatecl under th e
ERA Act of 1939, 9 .
Employn,ent co11te m plalcd t111d c r , S!l.
Funds t ran sfP rrecl fro 1n \\'P .\ to other l''l'rlcr:il
agenci ets, 1()(), 12 l 28 .
J-,~rn e rgenc_1· H.e lief ,\ ppropriat ion .\ cl uf rn::l\l, 1n11,·isio ns of, is, 9- 11 , J. 3 I.Jc .
Employees' C 111 1 c ns:1tio n C'o rnm issio 11, l -. S .:
Com pensati II p rovided for inju rie~ s us tained I> _,
workers on \V P A proj ct , 100 10 1.
F11ncls for, 14, 101, ll 0 .
E mpl oyment, S\l 107 .
Of a d mi ni s trative pe rtio nn cl, .Ju nl' lll:39, 11 4 .
(' ntern plated unde r the ERA .\ ct of 1\138 , S\l
Contemplated und e r t he ERA .\ cl of Hl:,n , !I .
Du rati on of, 6, 97 9\l, U)--1 7.
On e mPrge nc_,. a ncl re habililatinn p rojec t s i11 :\"e11
England, -1:3 -1..J. .
On Fr deral work a nd co ns truction projects , "2- :3,
129 :30, 13S - .Jc:1 .
Ho urs f work, 10 11, 9\1 .
Of per on certified as in need of relief, 4, 13- H,
9 1- 92.
Of pe r -o n pr umabl ., e ligible for a id und e r Soc ia l
:-; curity programs , LO.Jc.
Pro,·i- io n. c ncerni ng, in th e ERA Act of 1939,
J :) 1-1.
For tena. 11 t fa rm ers , 57, \1 1.
181
1 2
DEX
'on tin11C'rl .
Employm<'nt, 89 107Termi11a(io11 of, aftC'r I X 111 01,ths, 1:{.
Trend of, J 2. 10-1 .j, 1ai1 -10.
Tmn ovC'r, ,; ti, !)7 99, 10-1 7.
13., t_q)('s of prnjC'ds, 92 H-1 .
Un('mplo ., mrnt as a IC' l C' rrni11a11t of, -! 5, 0 1.
B,\ mlrn II i zat io11 groups, \Hi !l7.
B.v "'agP r la,ssps , n-1 !lo.
or " ·omC'11, H 1. !l::l, !l!l, rn:1, tO-'i.
tlwr
011 \\' P . \ -ti 11a11<·NI projC'cts operated b ., ·
l<'C'clC' rnl agp11C'ies, l , i<9 90, 91, 12 1 2~, 1-10.
Y ear C' ndi111-( .)1111 (' 193\l, 1, xn 9 1. 129.
8 cc ol.,o i11divid1ial ag nciC's; \\'o rk e rs.
Emp lo.v 111 11t Nervicl', LJ. S., fi, I I 0 .
l~11gi11C'cring s 11n·c.,· projC'cts, i11 1,; ri , Pa., 7fi 77.
~~11 1,(illC'C'r, Co rps of, 108, 127.
Entomolog_, and Pl ant Q11ar:1nli11C', B11rea11 o f, WP Afina11rC'd projC'd so pC'rated by, 91,109,122 .
EquiprnC'nt,
I Hi 18.
·11ppliC's and matNial s , 33- 3-!, 11 3. 11-1,
Eril', P a., s un' l'.\' of proj e ct operations in,
Escambia County, Ala., s urv ey
,j7 fi4.
7,,
f proj ect opcratiPns in,
Expe11dilllrC's :
Arlmini s trative, 1, 9 , 109 , 110, 111 , 11 3 14 .
Cum1JlalivC' through .Ju11 C' 1939, l .j Hi, 110.
cw
E n, c rgent,\' anrl reeo11 s tr11ctinn \\'Ork in
~~ngland hu rrirane and flood :J.r<':J, -11 .
f fund s trn.11 s fNrC'd to othl'I' lcede ral ag ncit's, I
For injur.1· eo rnpcnsation, 10 1.
Labor cos t s, 32 33, 1 12, 1 14 15.
M:111 - 111011 Lh c·os t s, I 14 15.
M011thl .v , 111 12.
11 3, 1 1-1- 1.i, 1 l fi 18.
Io nlahnr, 4, 10,
Ohjed sof, I , :12 34, 110 II , 11 2 1.i .
Proj(•c( , 1, 29 :H .
For p11rchas(' of su rplu s C'lothi11g, 111 , 113, 1 If>,
119 20.
:n.
S C'lf-hC'lp eoopPrat i\'l's , 1 I I . I 13.
Spon sors', 1 2, :30 31, 33 3-l, 111, 11-1- I .\ ll fi, 11 8.
TrC'11d of, 1, 29 :ll. 110, 111 12.
By t .'' PC'S of pr, >jC'd S, 3 1 32, :n 3-1.
Y C'ar C' llding .)1111 (' 1939, I , 29 3 1, 11 ().
Farm NC'ellri(,_\· Ad111i11i s t rat.inn:
Fund s for, 14, 110.
Gra11t .- to ll<'('r! ., · farm farniliC's, 3, 12!1 , l~O . I J:l -l-l ,
1:,2.
Farrn - to-111:i.rkc•t :111cl other s('('u 11clar.1 roads, 17 , l!l 2 1,
41i -18. fiO Iii .
8rr of.so lli l,(l1\1:t.,·, road, and s fr<'l'l prn,i(•t·f~.
l•'c< kral art proj!'<'1, ac·(·o 111pli sh 1np11t s 011. 2--1.
Fl'dc•ral ~:11H•rg1•11(·., R e Ji f Adniini s lral io11 , 130, I :3 I,
1--1:-:, 1.,2.
132
FeclPral 11111si(' pr(lj('d, ,°J3, , 7.
F<'d rnl Surpl11s Cnn1moditil's Corporation, 3, 3~ . .JI .
Feder:.i 1 \\'Ork and eonstruet io 11 program s, 2 :3, 12(),
13, 43.
Fedf'ral \\'ork and r·ons( r11dion prnj ds, e n1plo ., 111('11(
on, and p11l,l1<' n•lid , 2- 3, I 2!l .i2.
:n.
FerlC'ral W orks AgC'nc .v :
l•:s tahli s hn,C'nt of, , !l .
\VP A plac cl under, 8.
F d ral \\'ril rs' project, 24, .;3, , 7 .
Fi s h l' ries , B11rC'au o f, WP A-fi11a11cC'd projC'c! s opC'ral ed
h .v , 127 2 .
l•' lood eont.ro l p rojC'cl., 38, 6fi f>9, 127 .
lcloods. (See C\\' 1;_; 11gla11rl hur r ica11r a n d fl <ocls.)
!co re's ( S C' rviee, WPA -fi11ance I proj cets OJ)C' ratC'd by, 9 1,
109 , 122 23.
Fu 11ds, I OH 1.'J.
Approp r iall'd under the ERA A ('t o f 193H, 10, 10.
Appropriated 1111d e r the ERA Act 11f 193!l, \I , 1-l .
WP A t rans fe rs to other FC'drra I :.ll,(e11cies, 9, I 09,
12 1 2 .
See also l•: xpC'nditu re. ; indi\'id11al agC'nCiC's.
GardC'n
proj ec t s , s 11hsis tenee,
i11
l\ l ahaska
0 1111Ly,
Im, a, ;;4 55.
Genrral rC'lief:
NnmhC'r o f famili es and s ingle' pl'rnons reecivi n g,
3, 129, 130, 1.5 1.
P a,vmC'nts, 148, l.'il.
Program , 130 31, I 3.'>- 3f>, 14.J -l , .
Grant s to needy fn.rm famili es, 3, 129, 130, 143- 44,
I .i2.
ni g lrna., ·. road, and s t reet projC'cl s·
.\ ccomp lis hmcnt on, 17- 18, l!I 21.
.\ pprO\'l'd, valu e o f, 29 .
L•: mpl oy m l'nt on, 93, 9-1, 96, 99.
r11 ICri c, P:t., 7!l L 0 .
111 l~scarnhi a Co unty, A la., fi0 f\2 .
[ 11 M a h aska Co unty, Iowa, -lli--1~, .5 fi .
1 umhC' r of, in operation .Ju ne Jfl:l\l, J.'i .
P C' r c nt of tol:tl project funds C'XpC'11ded on, 3 1, 32.
fn P orts111011lh, Ohio, 69 70.
Sponsorn' xp nditure on. 3;3 :H .
ni s toric .\ merican buildings sun·C'_,·, in EriC', Pa .,. 7
17 i,t11rical rC'corcl s sun·<'.', in EriC', P a., S7
ll on ,C' 1;_;conomics, Bureau o f, " ' P .\ -fi11a11eC'cl p roject
oprra(C'd by, I 2:3 24.
ll,111rs \\'Orkl'd 011 project, 10- 11, fl!l .
fl o11s(• l10ld 1< :.ind prrs on s benefiting from C' mplo.n nC'nt 011
l•'l' rlc·rn l wurk a nd constructio11 proj ects n.nd pub lic
rr li d, 2, 120 :37,
n, ,
G.
ll o11 sl'k<'l' ping aidl' p rojects , 23, .5-l, fi2 ,
ll 11 1Ti (':tlll'. (S ec ~C'\\' Engla11d l111rrica11l' and flood s.)
l 11j11ri('s s u s tainC'd h ., · \\' P .\ w rkC'rn a nd eo m pC' 11sati o n
for , !l!l 101 .
I 11lC'r11al H(•,·<'111 1r, HurC'au of, \\' P ,\ -financC'd projects
opl' r:i.trrl h ., , I :w.
l cl\\a, s 11n·C'.1 of proj C'c t ope rati ons in i\ l ahaska Cou11Ly,
Iii ;'jfi .
Ln,hor, C'x pe11dit11r s for, 4, 32- 33, l 1:?, 11-!.
Labor :-:tati~tics , Bureau o f, \\' P .\ -fi11a11c cl pr jccti:
o pPrall'rl b.", 123, 125.
Lah o r l u rnovcr 11 \\'PA projecti<, !'i I\, 97 99, 104 7 .
Librar.,· o f Co11gr s , \\'P A-financed project,,; op ·rated
h.,, 12R.
Librar., projeet s , n.ccomp li s hmC'11ts o n, 23 .
I ' DEX
, · o f prnj<•d op1•ra(io11s
Mahaska Co1111t., , Towa, s11n·C'_
i11 , lti .51i .
i\l ainf', h11rric~111,• and flood s of :-,ept •ml w r l !l:ls i11, 1:,.
i\ l an- 111 011th cos t s on \\ "P .\ prnj('ds, I I I l.i .
l\ l assacl111sctts, hurricane and flood s of :-;('pt1•111l,1·r in:;:-;
in, :lf\ , :.18, 40 , -11 , ,12, -l:3 .
l\ l a.(C'ria ls, supplic ·, and eq uipm(' 11t, :;:3 :H, I 1:;, 11 -1,
I Ii i 18.
l\ l usir proj f'c t ~, .53, , 7.
:,.,'ational Agricultural R esearc h 'c ntl' r , \\'l ' .\ - ti11:111 r1·d
, ·, ] 2:3.
proj('C'ts op ratNI h _
National P a rk :-,er vice, \\' P ,\ -fi11anr('d prnj1·d s o pna[('d b _r, 9 1, Hm, 12-1.
:\'a(io11al H C'sources C'ommittC'e, \\'1' .\ -fi 11:1n cl'd prn jl'd
op('rn t ed b _, , 128 .
N:itio11al Y outh .\ dministration:
F11 nds, 1-1 , I JO .
N11mh r o f ., oung person s hf'npfiti11g- undP r , 2, 129,
1-10--11 , I /i l .
l'rugrani s, ] :3-1 :3.5, 1-1-0 -11.
, , s.
Tra11 sfrr to th e F ede ral :-;('C urit _, .\ g-c 11 c_
NeN I of \\'P A wo r ke r, pro\'isio11 for p •r iodie i11,1•s ti gati o11 of, 13 .
X egroes, empl o_\' m cn t of , 103 -1- .
N ew E11glancl hurricane and fl oo Is of :-;C'p( llli >c·r I !138,
3.5 -l-l.
Dam age ca used b~, 36- :38.
1--: mergenc., acti\'itie& of \\' P ,\ wnrk C' rn, :l!l 4 1.
E:-. pcnditurcs fo r c mer ge n e., and r c·ro11st rnrtion
w ork , -11 .
um b r o f \ VPA wo r ke rs emplo_,<·rl i11 l· 111 ,• rg,'11c.1
and reco nstructi on wo rk , -1 :; -1 -1, \l I
Prc,·c nti "c measures w hi ch IC'ssC' ned th (' lrn\'oC' o f,
:3, .
R ehabilita tion " ·ork, -!l --1 3.
Nt•\\ !l amp hire', hurricane and fl oods o f :-;l'pff'mhe r
19 38 in, 3u , .J. 3, -14.
rn1ro11 stru ctiu11 prnjpds:
A rco mpli shm 11(~ on, 23 25.
l•: mpl oy m nt on, 93, 107 .
um ber of, 15.
P r ce nt of to tal project fund s px p cnd ed on, 3 1.
8 ee fllso i11di \' idu al types.
No1ilabo r expt• 11clitt1res:
Am o 1111t,s of, 33, 11 3 l.">, I l fi 18.
l ,i111itatio11 per 111011th per Wflrkt• r , 4, 10.
, , of proj ec t operatio11 s i11 P»rt :s 111 fl11fh,
Oiiio , s11r ve _
fi-1 7,5.
Old - age a si t a11ce, 11umhers :issist<•d , 3, 12H, 1-1 3,
l.') I .
See al so Social Ser11rit y progra 1I1s.
P ark a11d o th er r eneation al facilit .,· projN·t s:
rro mpli sh 1n e11t.s 011, 19, 22.
l•: rnpl o_\' lll C'n t 011, 93, 99.
I I1 ~: ri e, Pa ., , 1 82.
I n 1•:srambi a Co 111 1ty, Ala., !i!l fi0 .
111 Mahask a Cou 11 ty, Io wa, •19 :>I .
P1•1·c·rnt of t o t al pro:j ect f1111d s r, 1l'1Hled 011 , 32 .
1n Po rt s111011th , Oh io, 72 73 .
P a_v111 c nt s to r ecipi 11t s under tlw \'ari rn 1s 1• 111plfl_\ 111C'11t
a11rl rr li ef pro g r am s, 14 ~ ."> 0.
Pe1111s_\'I \'ania, sI1n'<'Y of projr('f op!'rat ion s in l•: n1 •,
7?-, X8.
P!' r ,111is hr11efit i11g f r11111 1• 111 p lfl _\ II H'lt1 flll l•'rderal \I ork
a11rl c-onstr11eti1111 projeC't s a11d p11lil1<" rr lief, 2, 129 :3s.
P h_, siC'a l :H'C'fl111pl isl11111·11t ~, 7, I fi 2.-,.
P ort s111flnth, Ohio , s1 11·,·ey of proj ec t flJ)C r atio rrn in ,
fi 4 7r, .
Pri so 11 s, Hurra 11 of, WPA - fin a11eerl prujc·c-t opPratrrl h_v,
128 .
Prn r· 11rr 11 1t•1t! Di \'isin 11 , Tr.-,as 11r., l )c•part111 rnt,
fi11a11eerl projpC't s oprratcd h _,· , 12fi .
\-\' l' A-
Pn ,j1·ds:
A1·ew11p li sh1ne11t.s, ph ysica l , 7, I Ii 2:, .
Appro\' al procpd11rc•, fi, 2:> 2S .
Appro ,·<'d, ,·a l11 <' o f, 2X 29.
F<•deral .Nat ion-\\ irl1•, 3 1.
Li11iit atio 11 s in l•: RA A C't of 19:39 , !l 10.
f 11 th e N e\\' l•:11gla11d h11r r i('a111' and flood arra,
39 43.
N1 111il lC' r o f, b,1· t y pe , .J un <' 1939, 1.5.
Operation o f , 2X.
111 S(' iC'dcd arPas, -1 :'i 88.
:-,po11:so rs' pa rt iC'ipation in initiation and prosecution of, 2:i 28.
T y pes of, 3 1 :32.
WPA - financ·1·cl , ope r ated b y other Periera! agenri C's,
12 1 2 .
S ee a l .so Emp lo,n n en t: Expelldit11res ; indi"idual
( _\'])CS o f projed s; :-,pon sors.
Pu b l ic buildings prn jec-ts:
A rro 111plish111 r nt s on, I , , 22.
Appro,·ed, \'al 11 c of, 29 .
F:lllp loymell I on, 93, 9(1, 99.
Jn Eric, P a., 8 I , 82 8.J..
I ll E scambia Count., ·, Ala., .58 .59 .
Lilllit::it ion on cost i11 },: RA A C' f of 1939, 9 10.
In l\Iaha ska C'o1111t~·, I owa, -IH , .5 1 .52 .
Per cr11t o f t11tal p r oject f1111ds c,pended on, 32.
i ll Po rtsmou th , Ohi fl, 70 71 .
:-,pfl 11 st1rs ' e, pc•1Hlit 11 rps 011, 33 3-1 .
P11 h li c health pru jc·rts, accomplish ments 011, 23 .
Publi c H ealth :-;<' r, ic , ( T. :-; _, \\'P .\ - fi 11anced p roj ect s
flJ)ernted In·, I 21i.
P11hli c rc· li!' f . (.'-ie,· F rl crn l \\'flrk a nd co11Rt rnct i111 1
proj ec t s, cmplo, 111c• 1it 0 11, and p11h l iC' reli C'f. )
, ·st f' m and <1 th l'r
( Sr, • RC \\C'r s_
P 111JliC' uti l it _,· pr<>jPdi-. .
lltilit., · projC'rts .)
P 11hli c \\'orks .\ rl n ii11iH( r:1ti<1n, 2, 12\l, 1-11 -12, 150 ,'i i
Pll ert o Ri co R pr1111Rtrurtio11 .\ dmi1ii strati o11, ER .\ .\ f'f
fund s for, 1-1 , 108 9, 11 0.
P llrrhasps:
Of mnt r r iab, suppli <'R, a11d Prp1ip11w11t for projprf
operntion s, ;33 :3~. 11 3, 1 Ill II-\.
Of surphrn r iot hi11g-, I 11 . 11 :~. I lfi , I 18 20 .
Qu art er11 iast r Corps, \\' P.\ - fi11a11 rprl pri,j r ct s o pern t <•rl
h,r, 91, 109, 12(i 27 .
Heco 11 str11rli o11 Fi11n11c•p C'orpo r a tion , 39, 4 1, 13 1, l .'', I
R .-,e rr ntion projc•d s, 24, .'i3, tl3, 73 , 8.5 .
,"fr, a/.,w Pa r k arid o ther r er rl'atiunal fae ilit _,
projrc-ts
184
INDEX
Reli ef. (S ee Blind , ::iid to; Child ren, dependent, ::iid
to; F ed e ral w o rk :11 1< 1 co ns truction project , emp lo.,·m e nt o n , a nd pui>lic rC'li cf; G e neral relief; Grants to
farm famil ies; Old-age a s i tance; \Yorkers , ce rtifi ed
a s in need o f. )
R e ntal nf equipme nt with F ederal fund s, 33, 113.
R eo r gani zati o n P lan ::-So . l . , 9.
R esea rch a nd tati s tical pruj ects, 23 , 86 87 .
Rh o d e l sla nd, hurric:ine and fl ood s o f ~eptemi>Pr 1938
in , 36 , 39 , -1 1, -12 , -!3, -1-1 .
Rnral El ectrification Admini s tration, \YP ..\ -financC'd
proj ects operated l,_1·, 128 .
R11ral rehabi litation program. ( S PP C:ra.nt s t" nee dy
farm fam ili es. )
, 'afety pr o\' is ions fo r \YPA wo r kers , 28 , 99 100 .
San it a ti o n a.nd health projects :
Accomp li s hme nts o n, l , 23 .
Empl o _\'m e nt on, 93 .
Tn E scambia Count., ·, Al a. , 60.
Tn :\l ahas ka C o unt_1·, Iowa, 52.
P e rcC' nt of t o tal fund s C'xpended o n , 32.
1n Portsm o uth, Ohi o, 68 6!l .
f;p"n so rs ' e xpe ndit11res 011, 33 3-l .
Schllo l hni ldings , 18 , 22 , 51 ·52 , .58, 70 71 .
S(']wol lnnch proiccts , a ccompli shment s on, 23.
Secnrity w r,ge schedule, 11 13, 9-l 97 .
SC' lf-help cn,,peratiYC's, C' xpenditures for, l l 1, 1 13.
Se paratio ns of workern from \\"PA proj ect. , 6, 97 9!1 .
Sewage p n mp ing s tati o ns, in P o rt s month , Ohio, fi7 68.
Sewe r s_l' s t em a11d othC'r 11 t ility p roject
Ac comp lis h nwn ls o n , 18, 23 .
ApprOYC'd, \'al11 e of, 29.
Emp lo_1· m ent on, 93 , 99.
Tn Eri e , Pa., 7fi 79 .
I n E s cambia Count_1·, Ala., 00.
Tn :\I ahas ka C o nn t_l', Iowa, 51.
P e rce nt of t otal projec t fund s exp en d ed on, 32 .
Tn P o rtsm o uth , Ohi o , 71 - 72 .
Spo n so rs' expe nditure. o n, 33- 34.
Re w ing project :
Ac co mpli s hm ent s o n , 23 .
Dis tribut io n o f products in N Pw England llllr r ican e area , 39.
Empl o _1·m e nt o n , 93 , 94 , 9fi , 99 , 107.
Tn l•: rie, Pa., 84--8,').
In F:s camhia C o unt." , Ala. , 62.
I n M a ha s k a C o unt _v , Iowa, .'i ,'i, fifi .
N11mhe r o f, .Ju ne 1939 , l.'i .
P e re nt o f t o tal proj ect f1111d ,-; expe nded on, 32 .
In P ort s m o nth, Ohi o, 74 .
:-lpo 11 sorn' ex pe nditures 0 11 , 34 .
Rori al Rec urit y p ro g ram :
Olcl-age in s uran ce, 2.
Sppcial ty p es o f p ublic a ss i, tance (aid to the
b lin d a nd t o d Ppe nd e nt childre n and o ld-age
a ss is tan c.-e) , 3 , 129 30 , 13 5, 136, 143, 14 , 151.
l'n ernpl o_1·men t co mpe nsa t io n, 2, 13, 9 1, 138.
oi l Cons en ·a t io n Se n · if'e , \YP A-financ ed pro jects
ope rat ed by, 91 , 109, 121 22 .
Special types of publir a ss is tance 3, 129 30, 13:"i, 136,
14 3, 1'1 , l ,'i l.
Spon so rs:
Expenditu res on KPA projects , l - 2, 30 3 1, 33 34,
11 l , 11 4--l.5, 116, 11 .
F1111d s p ledged for appro,·ecl p rojects , 29 .
P articipati o n in initiation and pro:<rc·11t io11 o f
projects , 6, 10, 25- 28 , 3 1.
State and local agencies, reli e f ext end ed hy, 129, 14-l-4:'<, i.'i0, 1.'J 1.
S ep rils o Rpon so rs .
Rtati s lical s turlies and sun·e_1·s , 23, 86- 87.
StreC'ts and s id e walk s, 17 , 19- 2 1, fi l !i2, '39 70, 79 80 .
f;upplics , mal r ri a ls , and equipm ent, 33- 34, l 13, 11.J ,
I 16- 18.
Surpl11 s cloth ing, pu rchase and di s tr ibution o f, 111,
1 13, 11 6, 118- 20 .
Surplns commoditi es , di strihntion o f, 3 , .i5 ,ifi , i3 .
Tax R ese arch , T) i,·is ion of, v\' P A-finanred proj ec·ts
o p e rat ed b)·, 12(i .
T C' nant farm ers, \\"P A e mplo_n nent pro\'idcd fo r, ,i 7, 9 1.
T e rr itori es and I s land P ossess io ns , D i,·is ion o f, WP Afinanc ed p roject operat ed h_1·, 12-1 2.'i .
Th e at r projects, pro hibit ed h _,· the l•:R A Act of 1939, !) .
Trans po rtati o n faci lit _,· proj e cts. (8 eP Airpo r t and
oth e r tran s p o rtation facility proj C'cts; H ighway ,
rnad, and s treet proierts .)
Trras u r _\', Departm en t of the:
E RA Act fun d s for, 14, 110.
fi'inancial co ntro ls , 2 .
WPA -fi nanced projectsoperatrd hy, 12fi .
See also indi\' idual hu rean s .
Tmn ove r , labo r , on WP A proj e cts, ,5 6, 97 99, 10 7.
llne m p lo_n11 c nt :
Compen sati o n. 2, 13, !ll, 13,.
As a d e t erminant of \VPA emplu_nne 11t , .J--.5, 9 1.
E s timat es o f, 4, 137- 38.
l'rhani zati u n Groups :
Ba is for se curity "\\·age schedule, 12.
Numbe r o f wor kers b_1· , 96- !li.
Vermont, hurricane and flo o ds o f Re ptC'mi>N 1rl3, in,
36 , 3 , 43 .
Vete ran s' Admini stration , -nrPA-fi n a ncerl proj ect . pe rat ed by, 128.
\' eteran s, emplo _1·ment of, 13. 104 .
\ ' irgin Tsla nds , \Y PA-financed prnjC'cL "PN:l.!Pr! in ,
12-l--25 .
W age rates , 10- 13, 94--96 .
\\" h it e co ll a r proj ects:
Acco mplishments on, 23- 24.
App ro ,·ed, ,·a lu e of , 29.
Emplo _l' m e nt o n , 93, 94, 96 , 99, 107.
I n Eri e , Pa., 84, 1'5 7 .
In ;\I aha s ka Co u n t y , Iowa, 52- 54
- umbe r of , Jun e 1939 , 15.
Tn P ortsm uth , Ohi o, 73- 74.
Rpo nso rs ' expe nditures o n , 34 .
T _1· pes o f, and p erc ent of total project f11 11 rl s C'X ·
pe nde d on , 3 1 32 .
\Y om e 11 , 9 1, 93, 99, 103, 105.
TS n 8 X
v\' o r k progra m s, F'C'd<'ral.
( SN· FN IC' r a l \\o r h :,11d c011st ructi o n p r ogra m s.)
\ \'"r ke r ·;
.\ d m i11 istratin'. n11 m l >er a11d :werag<' sabr y o f , 114 .
A ge, of , 101 2, 10.5 6.
A l ien s, i nc li gi l>IC' fo r \\' P A cm p lo_1·m e11t , 13.
Ce rti fied as in need of r el ief , -1 , 13, fl I 92.
Char:,ctC' ri sti cs of , 10 I 4 .
Co mpe 11 s,tt io 11 for inj u ri es s11sL ti11pd i> y , 99 101.
D11rati o 11 nf (' lllploy 111e11t, 10-1 7.
E a rni ngs or, 10 13, 32 33, I 12, 11-1 15, I4:-l .
Eli gi h l!' p r es111n:th l _
1 l o r a id 11 11d er !-ioc ia l !-ipc11 rit _,
pmg ra 11 1s, I 0-1 .
18:'5
\\' o r ke r s-C'o nl in uf'd .
Fa llli ly ro 111posi t io11 , 102 3, lO(l 7.
N"et,( l'U CS, 103 4 , 107 .
P ro1·isio11 s in t h ER A .\ ct of I 939 co nc!'rni11g ,
13 I-!.
8afet_v p ro v isio ns ror , 28. 99 .
!-iecu r ity anci no n ec 11rit_
1 wage , 13, 9,5.
, . ele r an s, 13, lO+.
\\'agC' classC's, 12 13, 9-l 96.
\\' o m en , 9 I , 93, 99, 103, I 05 .
S ee r, /sn Empl oy m ent.
r an ls and D ock s, B11r au or , \\"P A- fi1 1a ,1 ced p r11j Pd s
o per:ll l'd i>y , 9 1, 109, 12,5 :W .
0
.
