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691-5902

USDL 02-97

For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Friday, February 22, 2002

STATE AND REGIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, 2001 ANNUAL AVERAGES

Annual average unemployment rates rose in more than half the states in
2001 for the first time since 1992, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The four census regions and nine
geographic divisions all recorded rate increases. Employment-population
ratios declined in 38 states and the District of Columbia. At the national
level, the annual average jobless rate rose from 4.0 percent in 2000 to 4.8
percent in 2001, and the employment-population ratio decreased by 0.7
percentage point to 63.8 percent.
State Unemployment
As the nation moved into a recession, most states experienced rising
unemployment rates. Compared with 2000, jobless rates in 2001 were higher
in 42 states and the District of Columbia, lower in 7 states, and unchanged
in 1 state. Eighteen states reported rate increases of 1.0 percentage
point or more. Of these 18 states, 6 were located in the Midwest, 5 each
were in the South and West, and 2 were in the Northeast. North Carolina
had the largest increase (+1.9 percentage points), followed by Michigan
(+1.7 points) and South Carolina (+1.5 points). Fourteen additional states
and the District of Columbia recorded rate increases of at least one-half
percentage point from 2000. In sharp contrast, only two states experienced
declines of 0.5 percentage point or more in their annual average unemployment
rates--West Virginia's rate was down by 0.6 point, and Delaware's rate
declined by 0.5 point. Despite the recession, the 2001 unemployment rates in
three states were the lowest annual rates in their series: Montana, 4.6 percent; New Mexico, 4.8 percent; and West Virginia, 4.9 percent. (All annual
state series date back to at least 1976.) (See table 1.)
In 2001, the states with the highest jobless rates were located in the
Pacific division. Washington registered the highest rate, 6.4 percent,
followed closely by Alaska and Oregon, 6.3 percent each. (The District of
Columbia's rate was 6.5 percent.) Louisiana, at 6.0 percent, was the only
other state to record a rate over 5.5 percent for 2001. North Dakota posted
the lowest annual average unemployment rate, 2.8 percent, followed by Nebraska, 3.1 percent. Overall, 30 states had unemployment rates below the
national average, while 18 states and the District of Columbia reported higher

rates. All seven states in the West North Central division and all six in New
England had rates below the U.S. average. Four of the five Pacific states and
three of the four states in both the East South Central and West South Central
divisions recorded rates above the national average.
Regional Unemployment
For the 10th consecutive year, the West registered the highest regional
unemployment rate, 5.2 percent. The Northeast reported the lowest rate for
- 2 the first time in 11 years, 4.4 percent, a position held by the Midwest
since 1991. The range between the high and low regional unemployment rates
narrowed slightly. The last time the difference between the highest and
lowest regional rates was this small, 0.8 percentage point, was in 1991.
The Midwest and South had the largest rate increases from 2000 (+0.9 percentage point each), while the Northeast and West posted smaller increases
(+0.5 and +0.6 point, respectively).
Among the nation's nine geographic divisions, the Pacific division, at
5.5 percent, registered the highest jobless rate for the 10th consecutive
year. The East South Central division had the only other rate over
5.0 percent--5.1 percent. For the second year in a row, New England
recorded the lowest unemployment rate, 3.7 percent, followed by the West
North Central division, 3.9 percent. The East North Central and South
Atlantic divisions posted the largest over-the-year rate increases
(+1.0 percentage point each), followed by New England (+0.9 point). The
Middle Atlantic division had the smallest jobless rate increase from 2000
(+0.4 point).
Employment-Population Ratios
In 2001, 38 states and the District of Columbia reported declines in
their employment-population ratios--the proportion of the civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years and over with a job--while 12 states
had increases. The largest drops occurred in South Carolina (-3.0 percentage points) and Washington (-2.6 points). Six additional states
recorded declines of 2.0 percentage points or more from 2000, and 10 others
registered declines of at least 1.0 point. The largest increases were in
Delaware and Idaho (+1.1 percentage points each) and West Virginia
(+1.0 point). Four more states had increases ranging from +0.5 point to
+0.7 point. (See table 2.)
West Virginia again posted the lowest employment-population ratio, 54.9
percent, despite an increase of 1.0 percentage point from 2000. Three

additional Southern states had the next lowest ratios--Arkansas, Louisiana,
and Mississippi--all below 59.0 percent. Minnesota again reported the
highest proportion of employed persons, 73.3 percent, up by 0.7 point from
its 2000 ratio. Four other Midwestern states--Iowa, Nebraska, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin--registered the next highest employment-population
ratios. Of these, only Iowa had a ratio of less than 70.0 percent.
Thirty states recorded employment-population ratios higher than the U.S.
figure of 63.8 percent, while 19 states and the District of Columbia had
lower ratios.
All four regions posted declines in their annual average employmentpopulation ratios from 2000, ranging from -0.6 percentage point in
the Northeast to -0.9 point in the South. Regional ratios again were
higher than the U.S. average in the Midwest (66.7 percent) and the West
(64.0 percent) and lower in the South (62.5 percent) and Northeast
(62.2 percent). Of the nine geographic divisions, the East South Central
reported the largest decrease in its annual average employment-population
ratio relative to 2000 (-1.1 percentage points). The East North Central
division and New England recorded the next largest decreases (-0.9 point
each). The relatively agrarian West North Central division registered the
smallest decline (-0.3 point) in 2001. All states in the East North
Central and West North Central divisions had ratios above that of the U.S.,
while all those in the Middle Atlantic and East South Central divisions had
ratios below it.
- 3 Note
All estimates presented in this release, except those for Puerto Rico,
were derived from the Current Population Survey, a sample survey conducted
monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau. A
description of the survey and information about the reliability of the
state estimates appear in Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment,
1999, Bulletin 2537. Annual averages are calculated using data from the
expanded 60,000-household sample for all the months of 2001. For more information on the sample expansion, see "Expansion of the Current Population
Survey Sample Effective July 2001" in the August 2001 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
The length of the annual series varies by state and ranges from 26 to 32
years. The region and division annual series begin in 1976.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over by region, division, and state,
2000-01 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)

Population

Civilian labor
force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment
rate

Region, division,
and state

Error range of
rate, 2001(1)

2000

2001

2000

2001

2000

2001

2000

2001

2000

2001

United States(2)...

209,699

211,864

140,863

141,815

135,208

135,073

5,655

6,742

4.0

4.8

4.7

-

4.9

Northeast.................
New England............
Connecticut.........
Maine...............
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire.......
Rhode Island........
Vermont.............

40,247
10,502
2,537
998
4,804
939
753
471

40,404
10,571
2,545
1,011
4,828
954
757
476

26,295
7,194
1,746
689
3,237
686
505
332

26,296
7,212
1,718
684
3,284
689
504
335

25,281
6,995
1,707
665
3,151
666
484
322

25,140
6,948
1,661
657
3,163
664
480
323

1,014
199
39
24
86
19
21
10

1,156
264
56
27
121
24
24
12

3.9
2.8
2.3
3.5
2.6
2.8
4.1
2.9

4.4
3.7
3.3
4.0
3.7
3.5
4.7
3.6

4.3
3.5
2.9
3.5
3.3
3.1
4.2
3.2

-

4.5
3.9
3.7
4.5
4.1
3.9
5.2
4.0

Middle Atlantic........
New Jersey..........
New York............
Pennsylvania........

29,745
6,292
14,163
9,290

29,833
6,322
14,209
9,301

19,101
4,188
8,941
5,972

19,084
4,179
8,832
6,073

18,286
4,030
8,533
5,722

18,192
4,004
8,402
5,786

815
157
408
250

892
176
429
287

4.3
3.8
4.6
4.2

4.7
4.2
4.9
4.7

4.5
3.8
4.6
4.4

-

4.9
4.6
5.2
5.0

Midwest...................
East North Central.....
Illinois............
Indiana.............
Michigan............
Ohio................
Wisconsin...........

48,222
33,931
9,199
4,529
7,548
8,624
4,031

48,517
34,111
9,244
4,557
7,594
8,646
4,070

33,729
23,422
6,419
3,084
5,201
5,783
2,935

33,904
23,478
6,349
3,106
5,175
5,857
2,991

32,493
22,517
6,140
2,984
5,016
5,546
2,831

32,356
22,338
6,006
2,970
4,901
5,606
2,854

1,236
905
279
100
185
237
104

1,548
1,140
343
136
274
251
136

3.7
3.9
4.4
3.2
3.6
4.1
3.5

4.6
4.9
5.4
4.4
5.3
4.3
4.6

4.5
4.7
5.0
3.9
4.9
4.0
4.1

-

4.7
5.1
5.8
4.9
5.7
4.6
5.1

West North Central.....
Iowa................
Kansas..............
Minnesota...........
Missouri............
Nebraska............
North Dakota........
South Dakota........

14,291
2,193
2,001
3,648
4,166
1,254
477
552

14,406
2,199
2,013
3,697
4,200
1,262
477
557

10,307
1,563
1,411
2,739
2,930
924
339
401

10,426
1,588
1,381
2,814
2,970
928
339
405

9,976
1,522
1,359
2,649
2,828
897
329
392

10,018
1,535
1,322
2,710
2,830
899
329
392

331
41
52
90
101
28
10
9

408
53
59
104
140
29
10
13

3.2
2.6
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.3

3.9
3.3
4.3
3.7
4.7
3.1
2.8
3.3

3.7
2.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
2.7
2.4
2.9

-

4.1
3.7
4.8
4.1
5.2
3.5
3.2
3.7

South.....................
South Atlantic.........
Delaware............
District of Columbia
Florida.............
Georgia.............
Maryland............
North Carolina......
South Carolina......
Virginia............
West Virginia.......

74,337
38,528
588
413
11,960
5,967
4,015
5,809
3,032
5,299
1,445

75,277
39,040
595
412
12,144
6,077
4,057
5,863
3,072
5,374
1,444

49,035
25,534
409
279
7,490
4,173
2,805
3,958
1,985
3,610
825

49,426
25,792
419
278
7,674
4,132
2,837
3,995
1,949
3,675
833

47,104
24,624
393
263
7,221
4,019
2,697
3,814
1,909
3,530
779

47,076
24,618
404
260
7,309
3,966
2,722
3,773
1,843
3,548
792

1,931
910
16
16
269
154
108
144
77
80
46

2,350
1,174
15
18
365
165
116
221
106
127
41

3.9
3.6
4.0
5.8
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.9
2.2
5.5

4.8
4.6
3.5
6.5
4.8
4.0
4.1
5.5
5.4
3.5
4.9

4.7
4.4
3.0
5.8
4.5
3.5
3.6
5.0
4.8
3.1
4.4

-

4.9
4.8
4.0
7.2
5.1
4.5
4.6
6.0
6.0
3.9
5.4

East South Central.....
Alabama.............
Kentucky............
Mississippi.........
Tennessee...........

12,853
3,401
3,082
2,086
4,284

12,949
3,418
3,110
2,100
4,320

8,261
2,154
1,982
1,326
2,798

8,229
2,148
1,968
1,296
2,818

7,895
2,055
1,900
1,251
2,688

7,809
2,033
1,860
1,225
2,692

366
99
82
75
110

420
114
108
72
126

4.4
4.6
4.1
5.7
3.9

5.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
4.5

4.8
4.7
4.9
4.8
3.9

-

5.4
5.9
6.1
6.2
5.1

West South Central.....
Arkansas............
Louisiana...........
Oklahoma............
Texas...............

22,956
1,977
3,289
2,558
15,132

23,288
1,999
3,299
2,576
15,414

15,240
1,238
2,030
1,648
10,325

15,405
1,227
2,050
1,665
10,463

14,585
1,183
1,917
1,598
9,887

14,649
1,164
1,928
1,602
9,955

655
55
112
50
437

756
63
122
64
507

4.3
4.4
5.5
3.0
4.2

4.9
5.1
6.0
3.8
4.9

4.7
4.5
5.3
3.3
4.6

-

5.1
5.7
6.7
4.3
5.2

West......................
Mountain...............
Arizona.............
Colorado............
Idaho...............
Montana.............
Nevada..............
New Mexico..........
Utah................
Wyoming.............

46,891
13,033
3,626
3,141
951
691
1,408
1,318
1,527
371

47,666
13,271
3,690
3,203
969
698
1,453
1,331
1,552
375

31,806
8,949
2,347
2,276
658
479
986
833
1,104
267

32,189
9,110
2,420
2,295
682
465
1,023
838
1,115
271

30,333
8,614
2,256
2,213
626
456
946
792
1,068
257

30,501
8,702
2,307
2,210
648
444
969
798
1,067
261

1,473
336
91
63
32
24
40
40
36
10

1,688
407
113
85
34
21
55
40
49
11

4.6
3.8
3.9
2.7
4.9
4.9
4.1
4.9
3.2
3.9

5.2
4.5
4.7
3.7
5.0
4.6
5.3
4.8
4.4
3.9

5.0
4.3
4.1
3.3
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.2
3.9
3.4

-

5.4
4.7
5.3
4.1
5.6
5.2
5.8
5.4
4.9
4.4

Pacific................
Alaska..............
California..........
Hawaii..............
Oregon..............
Washington..........

33,858
438
25,489
889
2,608
4,434

34,395
442
25,939
893
2,633
4,487

22,856
322
17,091
595
1,803
3,045

23,079
322
17,362
606
1,794
2,996

21,719
301
16,246
570
1,715
2,888

21,798
302
16,435
577
1,680
2,804

1,137
21
845
26
87
158

1,281
20
927
28
114
192

5.0
6.6
4.9
4.3
4.9
5.2

5.5
6.3
5.3
4.6
6.3
6.4

5.3
5.7
5.0
4.1
5.7
5.7

-

5.7
6.9
5.6
5.1
6.9
7.1

Puerto Rico(3)............

2,834

2,873

1,306

1,297

1,174

1,150

132

147

10.1

11.4

(4)

1 Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level.
2 Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, totals for the United States differ from the results obtained by

aggregating data for regions, divisions, or states.
3 The source of these data is the Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources.
4 Not available.
NOTE: Region and division data are derived from summing the component states. Annual averages for 2001 from the Current
Population Survey are calculated using data from the expanded 60,000-household sample for all the months of 2001. The
published monthly estimates for January through June of 2001, however, are based on the old 50,000-household sample survey
and were not revised when the expanded sample was introduced with the release of July 2001 data. For more information on the
sample expansion, see "Expansion of the Current Population Survey Sample Effective July 2001" in the August 2001 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Table 2. Employment-population ratio of persons 16 years of age and over by
region, division, and state, 2000-01 annual averages
(Percent)
Employment-population
ratio(1)
Region, division, and state

Over-the-year
change

2000

2001

United States ..........

64.5

63.8

-0.7

Northeast ................
New England .............
Connecticut ............
Maine ..................
Massachusetts ..........
New Hampshire ..........
Rhode Island ...........
Vermont ................

62.8
66.6
67.3
66.6
65.6
71.0
64.3
68.3

62.2
65.7
65.3
65.0
65.5
69.7
63.4
67.7

-.6
-.9
-2.0
-1.6
-.1
-1.3
-.9
-.6

Middle Atlantic .........
New Jersey .............
New York ...............
Pennsylvania ...........

61.5
64.1
60.3
61.6

61.0
63.3
59.1
62.2

-.5
-.8
-1.2
.6

Midwest ..................
East North Central ......
Illinois ...............
Indiana ................
Michigan ...............
Ohio ...................
Wisconsin ..............

67.4
66.4
66.7
65.9
66.5
64.3
70.2

66.7
65.5
65.0
65.2
64.5
64.8
70.1

-.7
-.9
-1.7
-.7
-2.0
.5
-.1

West North Central ......
Iowa ...................
Kansas .................

69.8
69.4
67.9

69.5
69.8
65.7

-.3
.4
-2.2

Minnesota ..............
Missouri ...............
Nebraska ...............
North Dakota ...........
South Dakota ...........

72.6
67.9
71.5
68.9
71.0

73.3
67.4
71.3
69.0
70.2

.7
-.5
-.2
.1
-.8

South ....................
South Atlantic ..........
Delaware ...............
District Of Columbia ...
Florida ................
Georgia ................
Maryland ...............
North Carolina .........
South Carolina .........
Virginia ...............
West Virginia ..........

63.4
63.9
66.8
63.6
60.4
67.4
67.2
65.7
63.0
66.6
53.9

62.5
63.1
67.9
63.1
60.2
65.3
67.1
64.4
60.0
66.0
54.9

-.9
-.8
1.1
-.5
-.2
-2.1
-.1
-1.3
-3.0
-.6
1.0

East South Central ......
Alabama ................
Kentucky ...............
Mississippi ............
Tennessee ..............

61.4
60.4
61.7
60.0
62.7

60.3
59.5
59.8
58.3
62.3

-1.1
-.9
-1.9
-1.7
-.4

West South Central ......
Arkansas ...............
Louisiana ..............
Oklahoma ...............
Texas ..................

63.5
59.8
58.3
62.5
65.3

62.9
58.2
58.4
62.2
64.6

-.6
-1.6
.1
-.3
-.7

West .....................
Mountain ................
Arizona ................
Colorado ...............
Idaho ..................
Montana ................
Nevada .................
New Mexico .............
Utah ...................
Wyoming ................

64.7
66.1
62.2
70.5
65.8
65.9
67.2
60.1
70.0
69.2

64.0
65.6
62.5
69.0
66.9
63.6
66.7
60.0
68.7
69.5

-.7
-.5
.3
-1.5
1.1
-2.3
-.5
-.1
-1.3
.3

Pacific .................
Alaska .................
California .............
Hawaii .................
Oregon .................

64.1
68.6
63.7
64.1
65.8

63.4
68.2
63.4
64.7
63.8

-.7
-.4
-.3
.6
-2.0

Washington .............

65.1

62.5

-2.6

Puerto Rico (2)...........

41.4

40.0

-1.4

1 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and over.
2 The source of these data is the Puerto Rico Department of Labor and
Human Resources.