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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: (202) 691-6392
USDL 01-50

Media contact:

691-5902

For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Friday, February 23, 2001

STATE AND REGIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, 2000 ANNUAL AVERAGES

Unemployment rates decreased in 33 states and the District of Columbia
from 1999 to 2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor reported today. Three of the four regions and seven of the nine
geographic divisions recorded rate declines in annual average unemployment.
The U.S. jobless rate decreased from 4.2 percent to 4.0 percent over the
year. Additionally, employment to population ratios increased in a
majority of states, with the national ratio increasing to a record high of
64.5 percent.
State Unemployment
As the national unemployment rate reached its lowest point in 31 years,
14 states had the lowest annual average rates in their series. (All state
series date back to at least 1976.) The 14 included 4 states in the
Mountain division, 3 each in New England and the South Atlantic, and 2 in
the East North Central.
Compared with 1999, annual average jobless rates in 2000 were lower in
33 states and the District of Columbia, higher in 16 states, and unchanged
in 1 state. (See table 1 and chart 1.) The states posting the largest rate
declines were Hawaii (-1.3 percentage points), West Virginia (-1.1 points),
and Wyoming (-1.0 point). Twelve additional states plus the District of
Columbia recorded decreases of at least 0.5 percentage point. Eight large
states--California, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, Pennsylvania,
Texas, and Virginia--registered annual declines for at least each of the last
seven years. The largest rate increases occurred in Kansas (0.7 percentage
point) and Mississippi (0.6 point). Four other states had increases of
0.5 percentage point each.
Virginia reported the lowest annual average unemployment rate for 2000,
2.2 percent, followed closely by Connecticut and South Dakota, both
2.3 percent. Five other states--three of them in New England--had rates
below 3.0 percent in 2000. Alaska recorded the highest jobless rate,
6.6 percent, followed by Mississippi, 5.7 percent. The District of
Columbia's rate was 5.8 percent. Overall, 28 states had unemployment rates
below the national average, while 21 states and the District of Columbia

posted higher rates. (See chart 2.) All seven states in the West North
Central division and five of the six states in New England had rates below
the U.S. average, while all five states in the Pacific division recorded
rates above it.
Regional Unemployment
The Northeast region had the largest rate decline from 1999 (-0.5
percentage point), while the South and West posted smaller decreases.
These three regions all had the lowest annual average rates in their series.
(Regional series date back to 1976.) For the 10th year in a row, the Midwest
had the lowest regional jobless rate (3.7 percent), although it edged up over
last year's rate. The West registered the highest unemployment rate
(4.6 percent) for the eighth consecutive year, although four states in the
region reported rates below 4.0 percent. The range between the high and low
regional unemployment rates narrowed to less than a full percentage point for
the first time since 1991.
- 2 Among the nation's nine geographic divisions, the two divisions in the
Northeast region--the Middle Atlantic and New England--reported the largest
rate declines from the previous year, -0.5 percentage point each. The
Mountain division in the West region posted the next largest decrease,
-0.4 point. The two Midwest divisions--the East North Central and West
North Central--recorded small rate increases. Unemployment rates in the
seven divisions that recorded over-the-year declines reached new annual lows.
In 2000, New England replaced the West North Central as the division with the
lowest unemployment rate (2.8 percent) after the latter division had recorded
the lowest rate for 10 years. For the ninth consecutive year, the Pacific
division had the highest jobless rate (5.0 percent), but its annual rate
continued to decline in 2000 for the seventh year in a row.
Employment-population Ratios
Twenty-eight states and the District of Columbia experienced rises in
their employment-population ratios--the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over with a job--in 2000, while 19
states had declines. The national employment-population ratio edged up
0.2 percentage point from 1999 to a record high 64.5 percent annual average
in 2000. The greatest over-the-year gains were reported in Delaware
(2.1 percentage points) and Mississippi (2.0 percentage points), with an
additional nine states recording increases of at least a full percentage
point. The largest decrease occurred in Kansas (-2.1 percentage points),
with four other states showing declines of more than 1.0 percentage point.
Minnesota once again registered the highest annual average employment-

population ratio, 72.6 percent, despite a 0.4-percentage point drop from
1999. West Virginia continued to have the lowest ratio among the states,
53.9 percent, even after a 1.2-percentage point increase over 1999.
Overall, 31 states had employment-population ratios above the U.S. average,
while 19 states and the District of Columbia had lower ratios. (See table
2 and chart 3.)
All four regions experienced small gains in their annual average
employment-population ratios over 1999, ranging from 0.4 percentage point
in the West to 0.1 point in the Midwest. Regional ratios were above the
national average in the Midwest (67.4 percent) and West (64.7 percent) and
below average in the South (63.4 percent) and Northeast (62.8 percent).
Among geographic divisions, the South Atlantic and Pacific saw the largest
ratio increases, 0.5 percentage point each, relative to 1999. The West
South Central and Mountain were the only two divisions to record declines
in their ratios over the year (-0.4 and -0.1 percentage point, respectively).
Ratios among the seven states of the West North Central division were above
that of the U.S., while ratios among all three states of the Middle Atlantic
and all four states of the East South Central were below that of the U.S.
All estimates presented in this release, except those for Puerto Rico,
were derived from the Current Population Survey, a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by
the U.S. Census Bureau. A description of the survey and information about
the reliability of the state estimates appear in Geographic Profile of
Employment and Unemployment, 1998, Bulletin 2524. The length of the annual
series varies by state and ranges from 25 to 31 years. The region and
division annual series begin in 1976.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over by region, division, and state,
1999-2000 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)

Population

Civilian labor
force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment
rate

Region, division,
and state

United States(2)....

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

207,753

209,699

139,368

140,863

133,488

135,208

5,880

5,655

4.2

4.0

Error range
of rate,
2000(1)

3.9

-

4.1

Northeast.....................
New England................
Connecticut.............
Maine...................
Massachusetts...........
New Hampshire...........
Rhode Island............
Vermont.................

40,105
10,439
2,530
987
4,781
924
751
466

40,247
10,502
2,537
998
4,804
939
753
471

26,234
7,171
1,708
670
3,284
668
504
336

26,295
7,194
1,746
689
3,237
686
505
332

25,083
6,935
1,654
642
3,179
650
484
326

25,281
6,995
1,707
665
3,151
666
484
322

1,151
236
54
27
105
18
21
10

1,014
199
39
24
86
19
21
10

4.4
3.3
3.2
4.1
3.2
2.7
4.1
3.0

3.9
2.8
2.3
3.5
2.6
2.8
4.1
2.9

3.8
2.6
1.8
3.0
2.3
2.3
3.5
2.4

-

4.0
3.0
2.8
4.0
2.9
3.3
4.7
3.4

Middle Atlantic............
New Jersey..............
New York................
Pennsylvania............

29,666
6,264
14,120
9,282

29,745
6,292
14,163
9,290

19,063
4,205
8,882
5,976

19,101
4,188
8,941
5,972

18,148
4,012
8,423
5,713

18,286
4,030
8,533
5,722

915
193
459
263

815
157
408
250

4.8
4.6
5.2
4.4

4.3
3.8
4.6
4.2

4.1
3.5
4.3
3.9

-

4.5
4.1
4.9
4.5

Midwest.......................
East North Central.........
Illinois................
Indiana.................
Michigan................
Ohio....................
Wisconsin...............

47,946
33,764
9,155
4,504
7,505
8,605
3,995

48,222
33,931
9,199
4,529
7,548
8,624
4,031

33,442
23,242
6,378
3,076
5,144
5,754
2,890

33,729
23,422
6,419
3,084
5,201
5,783
2,935

32,244
22,348
6,105
2,983
4,950
5,508
2,802

32,493
22,517
6,140
2,984
5,016
5,546
2,831

1,198
894
273
93
194
246
88

1,236
905
279
100
185
237
104

3.6
3.8
4.3
3.0
3.8
4.3
3.0

3.7
3.9
4.4
3.2
3.6
4.1
3.5

3.6
3.7
4.1
2.7
3.3
3.8
3.0

-

3.8
4.1
4.7
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.0

West North Central.........
Iowa....................
Kansas..................
Minnesota...............
Missouri................
Nebraska................
North Dakota............
South Dakota............

14,182
2,187
1,988
3,600
4,135
1,248
478
546

14,291
2,193
2,001
3,648
4,166
1,254
477
552

10,200
1,573
1,434
2,703
2,841
912
337
400

10,307
1,563
1,411
2,739
2,930
924
339
401

9,896
1,533
1,392
2,627
2,745
886
325
388

9,976
1,522
1,359
2,649
2,828
897
329
392

303
40
43
76
96
26
11
12

331
41
52
90
101
28
10
9

3.0
2.5
3.0
2.8
3.4
2.9
3.4
2.9

3.2
2.6
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.3

3.0
2.2
3.2
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.5
1.9

-

3.4
3.0
4.2
3.8
4.0
3.5
3.5
2.7

South.........................
South Atlantic.............
Delaware................
District of
Columbia...............
Florida.................
Georgia.................
Maryland................
North Carolina..........
South Carolina..........
Virginia................
West Virginia...........

73,427
38,033
581

74,337
38,528
588

48,406
25,060
390

49,035
25,534
409

46,412
24,123
376

47,104
24,624
393

1,994
937
14

1,931
910
16

4.1
3.7
3.5

3.9
3.6
4.0

3.8
3.4
3.4

-

4.0
3.8
4.6

415
11,783
5,859
3,975
5,755
2,992
5,226
1,447

413
11,960
5,967
4,015
5,809
3,032
5,299
1,445

281
7,361
4,078
2,775
3,868
1,963
3,528
816

279
7,490
4,173
2,805
3,958
1,985
3,610
825

263
7,077
3,916
2,676
3,746
1,875
3,430
763

263
7,221
4,019
2,697
3,814
1,909
3,530
779

18
284
162
98
122
88
98
54

16
269
154
108
144
77
80
46

6.3
3.9
4.0
3.5
3.2
4.5
2.8
6.6

5.8
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.9
2.2
5.5

5.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.4
1.8
4.9

-

6.5
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.4
2.6
6.1

East South Central.........

12,763

12,853

8,190

8,261

7,823

7,895

368

366

4.5

4.4

4.1

-

4.7

Alabama.................
Kentucky................
Mississippi.............
Tennessee...............

3,384
3,057
2,073
4,249

3,401
3,082
2,086
4,284

2,141
1,967
1,268
2,816

2,154
1,982
1,326
2,798

2,039
1,879
1,203
2,702

2,055
1,900
1,251
2,688

102
88
65
113

99
82
75
110

4.8
4.5
5.1
4.0

4.6
4.1
5.7
3.9

4.0
3.6
5.1
3.4

-

5.2
4.6
6.3
4.4

West South Central.........
Arkansas................
Louisiana...............
Oklahoma................
Texas...................

22,631
1,957
3,278
2,540
14,856

22,956
1,977
3,289
2,558
15,132

15,155
1,229
2,052
1,655
10,219

15,240
1,238
2,030
1,648
10,325

14,466
1,174
1,948
1,598
9,747

14,585
1,183
1,917
1,598
9,887

688
55
104
57
472

655
55
112
50
437

4.5
4.5
5.1
3.4
4.6

4.3
4.4
5.5
3.0
4.2

4.1
3.8
4.9
2.6
3.9

-

4.5
5.0
6.1
3.4
4.5

West..........................
Mountain...................
Arizona.................
Colorado................
Idaho...................
Montana.................
Nevada..................
New Mexico..............
Utah....................
Wyoming.................

46,129
12,802
3,563
3,080
934
685
1,363
1,306
1,503
368

46,891
13,033
3,626
3,141
951
691
1,408
1,318
1,527
371

31,191
8,847
2,359
2,264
651
474
942
809
1,086
262

31,806
8,949
2,347
2,276
658
479
986
833
1,104
267

29,658
8,478
2,255
2,198
617
449
900
764
1,046
249

30,333
8,614
2,256
2,213
626
456
946
792
1,068
257

1,533
369
104
66
34
25
42
45
41
13

1,473
336
91
63
32
24
40
40
36
10

4.9
4.2
4.4
2.9
5.2
5.2
4.4
5.6
3.7
4.9

4.6
3.8
3.9
2.7
4.9
4.9
4.1
4.9
3.2
3.9

4.4
3.6
3.4
2.3
4.3
4.3
3.6
4.3
2.8
3.4

-

4.8
4.0
4.4
3.1
5.5
5.5
4.6
5.5
3.6
4.4

Pacific....................
Alaska..................
California..............
Hawaii..................
Oregon..................
Washington..............

33,327
434
25,044
885
2,583
4,381

33,858
438
25,489
889
2,608
4,434

22,344
319
16,596
593
1,761
3,075

22,856
322
17,091
595
1,803
3,045

21,180
299
15,732
560
1,661
2,929

21,719
301
16,246
570
1,715
2,888

1,164
20
865
33
100
145

1,137
21
845
26
87
158

5.2
6.4
5.2
5.6
5.7
4.7

5.0
6.6
4.9
4.3
4.9
5.2

4.8
5.9
4.7
3.7
4.3
4.6

-

5.2
7.3
5.1
4.9
5.5
5.8

Puerto Rico(3)................

2,803

2,834

1,302

1,306

1,149

1,174

153

132

11.7

10.1

(4)

1 Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level.
2 Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, totals for the United States differ from the results obtained by
aggregating data for regions, divisions, or states.
3 The source of these data is the Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources.
4 Not available.
NOTE: Region and division data are derived from summing the component states. Sub-national data incorporate updated 1990
census-based population controls. Historical data have been revised.
Table 2. Employment-population ratio of persons 16 years of age and
over by region, division, and state, 1999-2000 annual averages
(Percent)
Employment-population ratio(1)
Over-the-year

Region, division, and state

change

1999

2000

United States .......

64.3

64.5

0.2

Northeast ................
New England .............
Connecticut ............
Maine ..................
Massachusetts ..........
New Hampshire ..........
Rhode Island ...........
Vermont ................

62.5
66.4
65.4
65.1
66.5
70.3
64.4
69.9

62.8
66.6
67.3
66.6
65.6
71.0
64.3
68.3

.3
.2
1.9
1.5
-.9
.7
-.1
-1.6

Middle Atlantic .........
New Jersey .............
New York ...............
Pennsylvania ...........

61.2
64.1
59.7
61.6

61.5
64.1
60.3
61.6

.3
.0
.6
.0

Midwest ..................
East North Central ......
Illinois ...............
Indiana ................
Michigan ...............
Ohio ...................
Wisconsin ..............

67.3
66.2
66.7
66.2
66.0
64.0
70.1

67.4
66.4
66.7
65.9
66.5
64.3
70.2

.1
.2
.0
-.3
.5
.3
.1

West North Central ......
Iowa ...................
Kansas .................
Minnesota ..............
Missouri ...............
Nebraska ...............
North Dakota ...........
South Dakota ...........

69.8
70.1
70.0
73.0
66.4
71.0
68.1
71.1

69.8
69.4
67.9
72.6
67.9
71.5
68.9
71.0

.0
-.7
-2.1
-.4
1.5
.5
.8
-.1

South ....................
South Atlantic ..........
Delaware ...............
District Of Columbia ...
Florida ................
Georgia ................
Maryland ...............

63.2
63.4
64.7
63.4
60.1
66.8
67.3

63.4
63.9
66.8
63.6
60.4
67.4
67.2

.2
.5
2.1
.2
.3
.6
-.1

North Carolina .........
South Carolina .........
Virginia ...............
West Virginia ..........

65.1
62.7
65.6
52.7

65.7
63.0
66.6
53.9

.6
.3
1.0
1.2

East South Central ......
Alabama ................
Kentucky ...............
Mississippi ............
Tennessee ..............

61.3
60.3
61.5
58.0
63.6

61.4
60.4
61.7
60.0
62.7

.1
.1
.2
2.0
-.9

West South Central ......
Arkansas ...............
Louisiana ..............
Oklahoma ...............
Texas ..................

63.9
60.0
59.4
62.9
65.6

63.5
59.8
58.3
62.5
65.3

-.4
-.2
-1.1
-.4
-.3

West .....................
Mountain ................
Arizona ................
Colorado ...............
Idaho ..................
Montana ................
Nevada .................
New Mexico .............
Utah ...................
Wyoming ................

64.3
66.2
63.3
71.4
66.1
65.6
66.0
58.5
69.6
67.8

64.7
66.1
62.2
70.5
65.8
65.9
67.2
60.1
70.0
69.2

.4
-.1
-1.1
-.9
-.3
.3
1.2
1.6
.4
1.4

Pacific .................
Alaska .................
California .............
Hawaii .................
Oregon .................
Washington .............

63.6
68.8
62.8
63.2
64.3
66.9

64.1
68.6
63.7
64.1
65.8
65.1

.5
-.2
.9
.9
1.5
-1.8

Puerto Rico(2) .............

41.0

41.4

.4

1 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and over.
2 The source of these data is the Puerto Rico Department of
Labor and Human Resources.