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Table 1. Selected industries: Percent change in output per hour, 1991-92 and 1992-93.
Table 1. Selected industries: Percent change in output per hour, 1991-92 and 1992-93--Continued
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Historical, technical USDL 95-62
information: (202) 606-5618 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m.
EST.
(202) 606-5623 Tuesday, February 28, 1995
Media contact: (202) 606-5902
PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY, 1993
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor today reported on productivity movements in 1993 for a
number of industries. Productivity--as measured by output
per employee hour--has been updated through 1993 for all of
the industries in mining, communications, utilities, trade,
and services that BLS measures. A number of transportation
and manufacturing industries also have been updated to 1993,
including many of the largest (employing over 200,000
persons) measured by BLS (table 1).
Manufacturing
Within the manufacturing sector, 1993 data are
available for 21 industries, 16 of
which experienced productivity increases. Among the
manufacturing industries recording productivity increases in
1993 were motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371) and steel
(SIC 331), which together employed over a million persons.
In the motor vehicles and equipment industry, productivity
rose 3.4 percent; in the steel industry, productivity grew
12.4 percent. These were the second consecutive annual
increases in productivity for both industries, and, for the
steel industry, the increase represented the largest year-to-
year gain in a decade.
Transportation, communications, and utilities
The number of transportation, communications, and
utilities industries recording growth in productivity was
unchanged between 1992 and 1993; in both years, petroleum
pipelines was the only industry in the group to register a
decline in productivity. Of the industries registering
increases in productivity, all but airline transportation
exhibited higher rates of growth in 1993 than in 1992. The
productivity growth rates were 10.3 percent in gas utilities,
7.6 percent in railroad transportation, 6.6 percent in
telephone communications, 4.2 percent in electric utilities,
and 3.3 percent in air transportation.
2
Trade
Productivity increased in 11 of the 19 industries in the
trade sector for which BLS has measures. In 1992, 15 of
these same 19 industries recorded productivity increases.
Radio, television, and computer stores, with a productivity
increase of 13.0 percent in 1993, had the highest increase
among the trade industries. This also was the highest rate
of growth in productivity of all measured industries in 1993.
Output per hour in retail bakeries declined 14.2 percent,
which was the largest decline in productivity of all measured
industries.
Services
Among the remaining service-producing industries,
commercial banks posted a gain in productivity of 10.8
percent in 1993, following a productivity increase of 4.4
percent in 1992. Hotels and motels; laundry, cleaning, and
garment services; beauty and barber shops; and automotive
repair shops all recorded productivity declines in 1993 after
experiencing growth in 1992.
Mining
The mining industries with increases in productivity in
1993 also had increases in 1992. Coal mining recorded the
highest 1993 rate of growth in productivity among the mining
industries, at 9.0 percent. The other mining industries
recording productivity increases were crude petroleum and
natural gas production, 4.2 percent; nonmetallic minerals,
1.9 percent; and copper mining recoverable metal, 1.5
percent. The only mining industry to show a productivity
decline in 1993, iron mining, usable ore, also had a decline
in 1992.
Additional Measures
Labor productivity data for the 178 industries measured
by BLS, covering the periods 1973-92 and 1990-92, can be
found in table 2 of this news release. In addition to these
industry labor productivity measures, BLS produces
multifactor productivity measures for selected industries and
labor productivity measures for selected federal government
services. Multifactor measures have been updated to 1992 and
the federal government measures have been updated to 1993.
Measures for federal government functions and industry
multifactor productivity can be obtained by writing the
Office of Productivity and Technology, Room 2150, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or by phoning: 202-
606-5621 for federal government services, or 202-606-5624 for
industry multifactor productivity measures.
3
Revisions
BLS staff routinely reviews the adequacy of the
underlying data and the measurement methods used for industry
productivity statistics. As a result, the data in this news
release contain revisions to series published in BLS Bulletin
2440, Productivity Measures for Selected Industries and
Government Services, and in table 45 in the Monthly Labor
Review. In Bulletin 2440, over 90 industry measures were
updated to 1992. This year, following review of the data, it
was determined that 56 industries would be updated to 1993.
Because of limitations in some of the underlying data, the
industry measures for cigars (SIC 212) will no longer be
published. Other data limitations led to revisions in the
output measure for the motor vehicles and equipment industry.
Data in this news release are preliminary and are subject to
revision.
Notes
These productivity measures describe the relationship
between output and the labor time involved in its production.
They show the changes from period to period in the amount of
goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures
relate output to hours at work of employees or all persons
engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of
production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy,
and materials; the organization of production; managerial
skill; and the characteristics and effort of the workforce.
BLS Bulletin 2414, BLS Handbook of Methods, provides
additional information on the methods used to compute
productivity.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-
606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone
Number 1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Selected industries: Percent change in output per hour, 1991-92 and 1992-93.
SIC code Industry
1991-92 1992-93
Mining
101 Iron mining, usable ore............................... -1.3 -2.6
102 Copper mining, recoverable metal...................... 15.2 1.5
12 Coal mining........................................... 8.5 9.0
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas....................... 4.6 4.2
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.................... 5.6 1.9
Manufacturing
2026 Fluid milk............................................ 1.4 1.0
2061,62 Raw and refined cane sugar............................ 0.1 4.9
2063 Beet sugar............................................ 2.7 -4.8
2082 Malt beverages........................................ 0.3 2.3
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks........................ 6.7 0.3
211,3 Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco............... 7.4 9.2
2251,52 Hosiery............................................... 5.0 5.0
231 Men's and boys' suits and coats....................... 13.7 2.8
2421 Sawmills and planing mills, general................... 8.0 -3.4
2653 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes...................... 0.9 3.2
2657 Folding paperboard boxes.............................. 0.0 -1.2
285 Paints and allied products............................ 0.3 2.8
291 Petroleum refining.................................... 4.8 7.4
301 Tires and inner tubes................................. 7.1 7.0
314 Footwear.............................................. -0.1 3.5
3221 Glass containers...................................... 4.9 3.7
331 Steel................................................. 9.2 12.4
3334 Primary aluminum...................................... -0.8 -3.1
3351 Copper rolling and drawing............................ 8.5 4.5
3641 Electric lamps........................................ 11.7 -4.1
371 Motor vehicles and equipment.......................... 8.8 3.4
Service-producing
4011 Railroad transportation, revenue traffic.............. 5.8 7.6
4512,13,22(parts) Air transportation (1)................................ 5.1 3.3
4612,13 Petroleum pipelines................................... -1.8 -8.2
481 Telephone communications.............................. 6.5 6.6
491,3 (part) Electric utilities.................................... 1.7 4.2
492,3 (part) Gas utilities......................................... 1.4 10.3
5093 Scrap and waste materials............................. 8.4 7.2
525 Hardware stores (2)................................... 4.7 1.2
531 Department stores..................................... 2.4 4.9
533 Variety stores (2).................................... 4.0 -0.7
541 Grocery stores (2).................................... -0.4 0.2
546 Retail bakeries (2)................................... 0.0 -14.2
551 New and used car dealers.............................. 2.2 0.4
553 Auto and home supply stores (2)....................... 5.1 -0.2
554 Gasoline service stations (2)......................... 4.0 2.5
561 Men's and boys' clothing stores (2)................... -4.9 -1.8
562 Women's clothing stores (2)........................... 10.8 1.2
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Selected industries: Percent change in output per hour, 1991-92 and 1992-93--Continued
SIC code Industry
1991-92 1992-93
565 Family clothing stores (2)............................ 3.7 -1.4
566 Shoe stores (2)....................................... 5.8 -3.4
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores (2).............. 6.9 0.1
572 Household appliance stores (2)........................ 11.0 0.9
573 Radio, television, and computer stores (2)............ 11.9 13.0
58 Eating and drinking places (2)........................ -0.5 -0.2
591 Drug stores and proprietary stores (2)................ 0.2 3.0
592 Liquor stores (2)..................................... 3.5 -13.2
602 Commercial banks...................................... 4.4 10.8
701 Hotels and motels (2)................................. 6.7 -0.1
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services (2)........... 0.5 -0.7
723,4 Beauty and barber shops (2)........................... 5.0 -3.0
753 Automotive repair shops (2)........................... 3.0 -0.9
(1) Output per employee.
(2) Output per hour of all persons.
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour
Annual percent
SIC code Industry change in
1993 output per
Employment hour
(thousands) 1973-92 1990-92
Mining
101 Iron mining, crude ore................................ 9 3.8 -0.8
101 Iron mining, usable ore............................... 9 2.8 -2.4
102 Copper mining, crude ore.............................. 15 5.0 10.2
102 Copper mining, recoverable metal...................... 15 5.6 6.6
12 Coal mining........................................... 109 3.5 5.8
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining.................... 101 3.5 5.8
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas....................... 171 -2.8 2.8
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.................... 101 1.3 1.9
142 Crushed and broken stone.............................. 38 1.4 1.1
Manufacturing
2011,13 Red meat products..................................... 226 2.2 5.6
2011 Meat packing plants................................... 137 2.3 6.5
2013 Sausages and other prepared meats..................... 89 2.1 4.4
2015 Poultry dressing and processing....................... 216 4.1 7.0
202 Dairy products........................................ 154 3.3 3.6
2022 Cheese, natural and processed......................... 41 2.9 7.2
2026 Fluid milk............................................ 70 4.0 2.0
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables....................... 246 1.3 1.2
2033 Canned fruits and vegetables.......................... 83 2.0 4.2
2037 Frozen fruits and vegetables.......................... 50 1.2 3.7
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Annual percent
SIC code Industry change in
1993 output per
Employment hour
(thousands) 1973-92 1990-92
Manufacturing--Continued
204 Grain mill products................................... 128 3.7 (1) 0.5 (2)
2041,45 Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains............. 33 2.7 (1) 2.6 (2)
2041 Flour and other grain mill products................... 20 3.0 (1) -1.1 (2)
2043 Cereal breakfast foods................................ 21 2.4 (1) 3.2 (2)
2044 Rice milling.......................................... 5 2.8 (1) -5.4 (2)
2046 Wet corn milling...................................... 9 8.0 (1) -3.3 (2)
2047,48 Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.................. 60 3.6 (1) -0.4 (2)
2051,52 Bakery products....................................... 207 0.5 -2.2
2061,62,63 Sugar................................................. 22 1.0 2.3
2061,62 Raw and refined cane sugar............................ 12 0.7 1.8
2063 Beet sugar............................................ 10 1.3 2.6
2082 Malt beverages........................................ 40 4.9 -0.9
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks........................ 94 5.8 6.6
2092 Prepared fresh or frozen fish and seafoods............ 48 -0.3 1.3
211,2,3 Tobacco products...................................... 35 2.6 5.3
211,3 Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco............... 33 2.7 6.6
221,2 Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics............... 155 3.8 4.6
2251,52 Hosiery............................................... 67 3.2 5.2
2281 Yarn spinning mills................................... 76 4.0 3.5
231 Men's and boys' suits and coats....................... 42 1.7 1.4
2421 Sawmills and planing mills, general................... 144 2.6 5.2
2426 Hardwood dimension and flooring mills................. 35 1.0 4.8
2431 Millwork.............................................. 103 -0.6 -2.2
2434 Wood kitchen cabinets................................. 69 2.0 11.1
2435,36 Veneer and plywood.................................... 52 3.2 3.9
2435 Hardwood veneer and plywood........................... 24 3.5 10.2
2436 Softwood veneer and plywood........................... 28 3.0 0.9
244 Wood containers....................................... 45 1.7 (3) -1.9
251 Household furniture................................... 277 1.4 2.8
2511,17 Wood household furniture.............................. 128 0.6 2.5
2512 Upholstered household furniture....................... 91 2.1 4.6
2514 Metal household furniture............................. 21 1.8 1.7
2515 Mattresses and bedsprings............................. 29 2.3 0.3
252 Office furniture...................................... 61 1.3 1.2
2521 Wood office furniture................................. 27 1.4 4.5
2522 Office furniture, except wood......................... 34 1.3 -0.6
261,2,3 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills..................... 235 2.7 2.9
2653 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes...................... 123 2.0 0.3
2657 Folding paperboard boxes.............................. 49 1.1 -0.4
2673,74 Paper and plastic bags................................ 56 0.7 0.9
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals........................ 134 0.7 2.3
2812 Alkalies and chlorine................................. 13 3.0 -2.5
2816 Inorganic pigments.................................... 11 1.3 -2.2
2819 (part) Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c................. 87 0.3 3.8
See footnotes at end of table
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Annual percent
SIC code Industry change in
1993 output per
Employment hour
(thousands) 1973-92 1990-92
Manufacturing--Continued
2823,24 Synthetic fibers...................................... 69 3.9 3.1
2841 Soaps and detergents.................................. 45 1.8 -3.4
2844 Cosmetics and other toiletries........................ 69 1.0 2.7
285 Paints and allied products............................ 58 2.9 0.0
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c................... 122 1.6 -3.0
287 Agricultural chemicals................................ 56 2.4 2.3
2873 Nitrogeneous fertilizers.............................. 9 3.7 4.5
2874 Phosphatic fertilizers................................ 10 2.4 1.5
2875 Fertilizers, mixing only.............................. 10 1.9 4.4
2879 Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c......................... 27 2.0 0.6
291 Petroleum refining.................................... 112 1.7 1.2
301 Tires and inner tubes................................. 81 4.1 4.2
3052 Rubber and plastics hose and belting.................. 24 1.2 1.1
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c................ 649 2.4 6.4
314 Footwear.............................................. 63 0.0 0.1
3221 Glass containers...................................... 35 2.5 3.4
324 Cement, hydraulic..................................... 18 2.5 1.2
325 Structural clay products.............................. 32 1.4 -1.0
3251,53,59 Clay construction products............................ 26 1.4 -0.7
3251 Brick and structural clay tile........................ 14 0.7 1.2
3253 Ceramic wall and floor tile........................... 10 2.4 -4.3
3255 Clay refractories..................................... 6 1.3 -2.7
3271,72 Concrete products..................................... 79 0.9 -0.1
3273 Ready-mixed concrete.................................. 93 0.0 -0.1
331 Steel................................................. 239 2.7 2.5
3321 Gray and ductile iron foundries....................... 75 1.0 1.2
3324,25 Steel foundries....................................... 38 -0.5 0.6
3325 Steel foundries, n.e.c................................ 24 0.5 2.3
3331 Primary copper........................................ 5 4.4 -7.5
3334 Primary aluminum...................................... 24 2.0 1.4
3351 Copper rolling and drawing............................ 22 2.3 5.5
3353,54,55 Aluminum rolling and drawing.......................... 54 1.8 5.4
3411 Metal cans............................................ 34 3.9 6.0
3423 Hand and edge tools, n.e.c............................ 35 -0.4 1.0
3433 Heating equipment, except electric.................... 19 2.3 4.0
3441 Fabricated structural metal........................... 67 0.5 3.6
3442 Metal doors, sash, and trim........................... 71 0.8 2.1
3452 Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers...................... 46 1.2 -1.6
3465,66,69 Metal stampings....................................... 184 1.2 4.0
3465 Automotive stampings.................................. 101 2.3 6.5
3469 Metal stampings, n.e.c................................ 80 0.2 1.6
3491,92,94 Valves and pipe fittings.............................. 77 0.5 0.1
3498 Fabricated pipe and fittings.......................... 26 -1.5 1.9
3519 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.................... 59 1.2 -1.4
352 Farm and garden machinery............................. 98 1.4 -1.6
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Annual percent
SIC code Industry change in
1993 output per
Employment hour
(thousands) 1973-92 1990-92
Manufacturing--Continued
3523 Farm machinery and equipment.......................... 73 1.0 -4.1
3524 Lawn and garden equipment............................. 25 2.6 6.3
3531 Construction machinery................................ 78 1.0 -5.2
3532 Mining machinery...................................... 15 -0.3 -3.4
3533 Oil and gas field machinery........................... 38 -0.8 6.7
3541,42 Machine tools......................................... 52 0.7 3.4
3541 Metal cutting machine tools........................... 37 0.8 3.5
3542 Metal forming machine tools........................... 15 0.1 3.3
3545 Machine tool accessories.............................. 48 -0.3 -4.2
3561,63,94 Pumps and compressors................................. 82 1.4 -0.4
3561,94 Pumps and pumping equipment........................... 57 1.4 -1.7
3562 Ball and roller bearings.............................. 37 -0.2 3.6
3563 Air and gas compressors............................... 25 1.4 2.0
3585 Refrigeration and heating equipment................... 121 0.4 -0.2
3592 Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves............... 20 1.5 9.3
3612 Transformers, except electronic....................... 41 1.8 7.8
3613 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.................. 40 1.6 4.1
3621 Motors and generators................................. 76 1.2 4.7
3631,32,33,39 Major household appliances............................ 79 2.8 4.5
3631 Household cooking equipment........................... 20 3.5 4.9
3632 Household refrigerators and freezers.................. 29 2.4 3.7
3633 Household laundry equipment........................... 16 2.9 6.6
3639 Household appliances, n.e.c........................... 14 2.0 1.5
3641 Electric lamps........................................ 22 4.4 9.9
3645,46,47,48 Lighting fixtures and equipment....................... 70 0.9 2.3
3651 Household audio and video equipment................... 59 9.2 11.1
371 Motor vehicles and equipment.......................... 833 2.3 1.4
3721 Aircraft.............................................. 301 2.7 13.7
3825 Instruments to measure electricity.................... 72 3.2 7.2
386 Photographic equipment and supplies................... 90 2.9 3.8
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation, revenue traffic.............. 218 6.0 7.1
4011 Railroad transportation, car miles.................... 218 3.8 3.2
411,13,14 (parts) Bus carriers, class I................................. 14 -0.7 (4) -3.1 (5)
4213 Trucking, except local (6)............................ 484 2.9 (4) 4.0 (5)
4213 (part) Trucking, ex. local, general freight (6).............. 297 3.4 (4) 0.4 (5)
4512,13,22(parts) Air transportation (1)................................ 632 2.7 2.6
4612,13 Petroleum pipelines................................... 18 0.3 -2.6
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Selected industries: Employment and annual rates of change in output per hour--Continued
Annual percent
SIC code Industry change in
1993 output per
Employment hour
(thousands) 1973-92 1990-92
Utilities
481 Telephone communications.............................. 869 5.8 6.1
491,2,3 Gas and electric utilities............................ 779 0.5 1.8
491,3 (part) Electric utilities.................................... 585 1.4 2.3
492,3 (part) Gas utilities......................................... 194 -2.2 0.2
Trade (7)
5093 Scrap and waste materials............................. 106 2.2 (3) 4.6
525 Hardware stores....................................... 174 1.3 -1.4
531 Department stores..................................... 2,115 2.6 3.3
533 Variety stores........................................ 159 -0.2 1.6
54 Food stores........................................... 3,419 -0.8 -0.7
541 Grocery stores........................................ 2,998 -0.8 -0.6
546 Retail bakeries....................................... 191 -1.7 3.0
551 New and used car dealers.............................. 912 1.2 0.1
553 Auto and home supply stores........................... 378 2.8 2.7
554 Gasoline service stations............................. 654 3.1 2.5
56 Apparel and accessory stores.......................... 1,239 2.5 4.1
561 Men's and boys' clothing stores....................... 94 1.2 -2.3
562 Women's clothing stores............................... 384 3.8 6.9
565 Family clothing stores................................ 331 1.8 2.2
566 Shoe stores........................................... 221 1.6 2.2
57 Home furniture, furnishings, & equipment stores....... 963 3.4 6.4
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores.................. 543 1.6 3.4
572,3 Appliance, radio, T.V., and computer stores........... 420 5.9 10.1
572 Household appliance stores............................ 88 4.2 8.2
573 Radio, television, and computer stores................ 331 6.2 10.4
58 Eating and drinking places............................ 7,123 -0.3 0.4
591 Drug stores and proprietary stores.................... 604 0.9 1.2
592 Liquor stores......................................... 144 1.0 2.4
Services (7)
602 Commercial banks...................................... 1,497 2.0 3.9
701 Hotels and motels..................................... 1,577 -0.3 3.7
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services............... 497 -0.9 -1.0
723,4 Beauty and barber shops............................... 786 0.5 0.3
723 Beauty shops.......................................... 723 0.1 -0.5
753 Automotive repair shops............................... 878 -0.3 -1.7
(1) 1973 to 1991
(2) 1990 to 1991
(3) 1977 to 1992
(4) 1973 to 1989
(5) 1988 to 1989
(6) Output per employee is used for SIC 4213, SIC 4213 (part), and SIC 4512, 13, 22 (parts).
(7) Output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and service industries except SIC 531, SIC 551, and SIC 602.