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Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
1
Historical, technical USDL 96-15
information: (202) 606-5618 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EST
Media contact: (202) 606-5902 Tuesday, January 30, 1996
PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY, 1993 AND 1994
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today on labor productivity changes in 1993 and 1994 for selected industries
in the U.S. economy. Labor productivity--as measured by output per employee
hour--has been updated through 1993 for nearly all of the industries measured
by BLS. Additionally, most of the measures in the nonmanufacturing sector,
which includes mining, transportation, communications, utilities, trade, and
services, have been updated to 1994.
Manufacturing
In the manufacturing sector, labor productivity increased in 1993 in 77
of the 104 industries measured. Productivity rose in 1992 in 80 of those same
industries. (1994 productivity data are not available for the manufacturing
sector. See note on page 3.) In motor vehicles and equipment, output per hour
advanced by 1.2 percent in 1993, following an 8.0 percent gain in 1992. The
aircraft industry also recorded a much smaller increase in labor productivity
(0.5 percent) in 1993 compared with 1992 (8.6 percent). In contrast, the
steel industry posted a higher rate of productivity growth in 1993 than in the
preceding year; output per hour jumped by 12.3 percent in 1993, after growing
by 8.8 percent the year before. (See table 1.)
Transportation, communications and utilities
Among the four industries in transportation, communications, and
utilities updated to 1994, productivity advanced in all except one. (See
table 2.) In the previous year, all four of those industries had productivity
gains. The rates of productivity change in 1994 were 5.9 percent in electric
utilities, 1.8 percent in air transportation, 0.9 percent in telephone
communications, and -4.5 percent in gas utilities.
-2-
Trade
Productivity grew in 1994 in 13 of the 20 industries that BLS measures in
the trade sector, compared with 12 in 1993. The trade sector included the
three industries with the highest productivity increases in 1994 among all of
the measured industries: Men's and boys' clothing stores (19.4 percent),
radio, television and computer stores (15.1 percent), and household appliance
stores (10.2 percent). The biggest drop in output per hour in 1994 also
occurred in one of the trade industries--variety stores, which registered a
decline of 8.9 percent.
Services
The three industries in services with 1994 data available each recorded a
substantial productivity increase from the previous year. The productivity
growth rates were 7.6 percent in automotive repair shops, 4.3 percent in
beauty shops, and 3.3 percent in hotels and motels. Among the three
industries, only automotive repair shops had experienced growth in labor
productivity in 1993.
Mining
Of the four mining industries updated to 1994, three posted a rise in
output per hour. Each of those four industries had recorded a gain in 1993.
The largest productivity increase in mining in 1994 was in crude petroleum and
natural gas production, which registered a jump of 6.2 percent.
New Industry
Statistics on labor productivity were developed for the miscellaneous
shopping goods industry, a retail trade industry that includes sporting goods
and bicycle shops, book stores, and jewelry stores. In 1994, the
miscellaneous shopping goods industry, which employs over 800,000 people,
experienced a gain in output per hour of 1.6 percent. The increase resulted
from a rise in output of 4.1 percent and an increase in hours of all persons
of 2.5 percent. From 1977 to 1994, labor productivity in the industry climbed
by 1.3 percent per year on average.
Additional Measures
Tables 1 and 2 contain year-to-year changes in labor productivity for
distinct industries. In addition, BLS measures productivity for broader
industries; long-term trends for all 176 industries are shown in table 3.
In the past, BLS has published a second set of productivity measures for
three industries (SICs 101, 102, and 4011) that were calculated with
alternative measures of output. These measures are no longer published, but
are available upon request.
-3-
Revisions
Earlier this year, BLS adopted a new methodology for computing output
indexes for its measures of industry labor productivity. Previously, output
indexes had been computed utilizing base-year employee-hour weights to
aggregate products of the industry. In the new methodology, an index of
industry output is developed by computing a weighted average of the growth
rates of the various industry products between two time periods, with weights
based on the products' shares in industry value of production in the two
periods. For a complete discussion of the method, see BLS modernizes industry
labor productivity program, in the July 1995 Monthly Labor Review. The new
procedure was used to revise historical industry labor productivity indexes,
as well as to generate the latest productivity statistics. However, most of
the revisions to long-term productivity trends were small.
Indexes of productivity by industry also have been revised from 1987
forward to reflect the incorporation of data from the 1992 Economic Censuses.
As a result of the new methodology and data, most of the industry labor
productivity indexes in BLS Bulletin 2461, Productivity Measures for Selected
Industries and Government Services, published in May 1995, have been revised.
The revised series can be obtained in several forms: Data printouts
(202-606-5618), data diskettes (202-606-7789), or from the World Wide Web
(http://stats.bls.gov).
Future Update
Measures of labor productivity for manufacturing industries have been
updated only to 1993 because BLS has not yet received data from the Census
Bureau's 1994 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). Currently, BLS anticipates
receiving the ASM data in the next few months and then releasing 1994
productivity indexes for manufacturing industries shortly thereafter.
Federal Productivity Measurement
BLS is terminating the Federal Productivity Measurement Program, due to
budget reductions. This program measured productivity in 60 federal
government agencies, covering approximately two-thirds of the federal
executive branch civilian work force. The final publication of results from
the program-- covering fiscal years 1967-94--will occur early in 1996.
-4-
Notes
The productivity measures in this release describe the relationship
between output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per
hour. Although these measures relate output to hours of employees or all
persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution
of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect
the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the workforce.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone:
202-606-5897, TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
SIC Code Industry 1991-92 1992-93
2011 Meat packing plants 7.6 0.7
2013 Sausages and other prepared meats 12.6 0.5
2015 Poultry dressing and processing 6.8 -0.3
2022 Cheese, natural and processed 9.6 3.0
2026 Fluid milk -0.3 2.7
2033 Canned fruits and vegetables -0.9 5.0
2037 Frozen fruits and vegetables -0.4 6.7
2041 Flour and other grain mill products 4.2 9.2
2043 Cereal breakfast foods -2.7 -3.6
2044 Rice milling 3.0 n.a.
2046 Wet corn milling 2.5 10.0
2047,48 Prepared feeds for animals and fowls 0.8 1.9
205 Bakery products -0.6 1.0
2061,62 Raw and refined cane sugar 1.3 4.9
2063 Beet sugar 8.3 3.7
2082 Malt beverages 6.7 5.2
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks 6.7 0.3
2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish 8.9 4.6
211,3 Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco 2.3 -10.4
221,2 Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics 2.0 6.2
2251,52 Hosiery 5.6 -3.8
2281 Yarn spinning mills 6.0 5.2
231 Men's and boys' suits and coats 12.0 6.4
2421 Sawmills and planing mills, general 5.7 -6.8
2426 Hardwood dimension and flooring mills 6.7 4.9
2431 Millwork -2.5 -0.7
2434 Wood kitchen cabinets 10.4 8.4
2435 Hardwood veneer and plywood 11.6 2.4
2436 Softwood veneer and plywood -4.5 -5.3
244 Wood containers -3.3 -8.6
2511,17 Wood household furniture 4.9 6.4
2512 Upholstered household furniture 4.4 5.8
2514 Metal household furniture 3.2 10.4
2515 Mattresses and bedsprings -0.4 -0.4
2521 Wood office furniture 6.4 -0.1
2522 Office furniture, except wood 2.0 0.3
261,2,3 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 2.1 -0.1
2653 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes 1.1 3.5
2657 Folding paperboard boxes 5.5 1.3
2673,74 Paper and plastic bags 5.7 -2.0
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
2812 Alkalies and chlorine 2.7 -5.0
2816 Inorganic pigments 10.0 0.1
2819 (part) Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. 3.1 5.6
2823,24 Synthetic fibers 2.3 13.2
2841 Soaps and detergents -8.0 -2.2
2844 Cosmetics and other toiletries 5.3 0.6
285 Paints and allied products -1.3 2.7
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c. -0.2 -3.5
2873 Nitrogeneous fertilizers 4.1 5.0
2874 Phosphatic fertilizers -1.2 0.3
2875 Fertilizers, mixing only 12.0 10.1
2879 Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c. 6.2 2.5
291 Petroleum refining 4.4 7.9
301 Tires and inner tubes 5.3 8.1
3052 Rubber and plastics hose and belting 11.8 5.9
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 13.0 1.9
314 Footwear , except rubber 0.4 4.3
3221 Glass containers 3.1 -4.9
324 Cement, hydraulic 6.3 4.2
3251,53,59 Clay construction products 2.6 3.8
3255 Clay refractories 2.5 -2.5
3271,72 Concrete products -0.8 5.9
3273 Ready-mixed concrete 2.4 -1.4
331 Steel 8.8 12.3
3321 Gray and ductile iron foundries 8.0 5.2
3324,25 Steel foundries 2.9 5.1
3331 Primary copper -14.6 18.4
3334 Primary aluminum -0.8 -3.6
3351 Copper rolling and drawing -3.6 6.5
3353,54,55 Aluminum rolling and drawing 6.3 -2.3
3411 Metal cans 6.0 3.8
3423 Hand and edge tools, n.e.c. 0.8 0.0
3433 Heating equipment, except electric 2.6 0.7
3441 Fabricated structural metal 5.3 4.4
3442 Metal doors, sash, and trim 10.1 -2.5
3452 Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers -3.3 0.9
3465 Automotive stampings 9.5 6.1
3469 Metal stampings, n.e.c. 3.6 6.1
3491,92,94 Valves and pipe fittings -0.5 3.8
3498 Fabricated pipe and fittings -3.4 2.6
3519 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c. 1.5 4.2
3523 Farm machinery and equipment -3.3 3.9
3524 Lawn and garden equipment 15.4 5.6
3531 Construction machinery 0.3 8.6
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
3532 Mining machinery 0.9 n.a.
3533 Oil and gas field machinery 14.2 -3.1
3541 Metal cutting machine tools 14.8 -1.5
3542 Metal forming machine tools 11.5 11.9
3545 Machine tool accessories -10.7 3.3
3561,94 Pumps and pumping equipment -2.7 6.4
3562 Ball and roller bearings 9.5 6.1
3563 Air and gas compressors 4.2 -0.9
3585 Refrigeration and heating equipment 3.8 3.8
3592 Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves 15.0 7.9
3612 Transformers, except electronic 12.9 -2.1
3613 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus 9.0 7.4
3621 Motors and generators 5.6 9.2
3631 Household cooking equipment -4.5 2.8
3632 Household refrigerators and freezers 2.9 0.7
3633 Household laundry equipment 4.2 n.a.
3639 Household appliances, n.e.c. 13.1 n.a.
3641 Electric lamp bulbs and tubes 11.4 -10.5
3645,46,47,48 Lighting fixtures and equipment 5.4 4.9
3651 Household audio and video equipment 10.6 7.3
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 8.0 1.2
3721 Aircraft 8.6 0.5
3825 Instruments to measure electricity 9.9 3.2
386 Photographic equipment and supplies 5.7 8.6
n.a.=not available
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
SIC Code Industry 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94
Mining
101 Iron mining, usable ore -2.0 4.3 -5.4
102 Copper mining, recoverable metal 14.6 2.5 4.7
12 Coal mining 8.7 9.6 3.4
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 4.3 4.3 6.2
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 4.3 1.3 n.a.
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation, revenue traffic 5.5 n.a. n.a.
4512,13,22 Air transportation (1) 4.7 7.2 1.8
(parts)
4612,13 Petroleum pipelines 1.2 4.2 n.a.
Utilities
481 Telephone communication 6.6 5.3 0.9
491,3 (part) Electric utilities 1.6 4.7 5.9
492,3 (part) Gas utilities 1.4 10.2 -4.5
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Trade (2)
5093 Scrap and waste materials 2.8 7.6 -2.6
525 Hardware stores 4.6 -0.5 6.9
531 Department stores 3.1 3.8 3.3
533 Variety stores 8.7 1.6 -8.9
541 Grocery stores -0.4 -0.6 -1.1
546 Retail bakeries -0.7 -8.5 2.1
551 New and used car dealers 2.2 1.1 1.4
553 Auto and home supply stores 0.0 0.0 2.5
554 Gasoline service stations 5.2 2.5 2.3
561 Men's and boys' clothing stores -1.1 -0.6 19.4
562 Women's clothing stores 8.6 5.0 -0.3
565 Family clothing stores 5.1 -0.6 4.6
566 Shoe stores 6.1 -0.6 6.3
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 6.9 0.3 -0.2
572 Household appliance stores 8.3 0.6 10.2
573 Radio, television, and computer stores 10.7 9.6 15.1
58 Eating and drinking places -0.7 0.7 0.7
591 Drug stores and proprietary stores -1.1 1.1 -1.0
592 Liquor stores 2.4 -7.3 -3.8
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores -1.4 3.3 1.6
Finance and services (2)
602 Commercial banks 4.4 10.8 n.a.
701 Hotels and motels 8.7 -1.0 3.3
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 1.0 -0.2 n.a.
723 Beauty shops 5.2 -3.8 4.3
753 Automotive repair shops 4.7 0.3 7.6
n.a.=not available
(1) Output per employee is used for SIC 4512,13,11 (parts).
(2) Output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and services industries except
SIC 531 and SIC 551.
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour
SIC Code Industry 1973-93 1973-79 1979-90 1990-93
Mining
101 Iron mining, usable ore 2.7 0.0 5.2 -0.6
102 Copper mining, recoverable metal 5.3 2.3 7.1 4.8
12 Coal mining 3.8 -3.8 7.3 7.1
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 3.8 -3.9 7.4 7.2
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas production -2.4 -7.3 -1.2 3.2
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.8
142 Crushed and broken stone 1.5 2.2 1.2 1.5
Manufacturing
2011,13 Red meat products 1.8 2.6 0.9 3.6
2011 Meat packing plants 2.4 2.4 2.1 3.6
2013 Sausages and other prepared meats 2.3 5.5 0.2 3.4
2015 Poultry dressing and processing 3.7 5.9 2.4 4.0
202 Dairy products 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.9
2022 Cheese, natural and processed 2.8 0.7 3.2 5.8
2026 Fluid milk 3.4 4.2 3.6 1.1
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 1.6 1.1 1.7 2.0
2033 Canned fruits and vegetables 2.1 1.7 1.9 3.7
2037 Frozen fruits and vegetables 1.4 1.5 0.7 4.0
204 Grain mill products 3.6 3.9 4.2 1.1
2041,45 Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.2
2041 Flour and other grain mill products 2.9 2.7 2.6 4.5
2043 Cereal breakfast foods 1.9 2.1 2.7 -1.4
2044 Rice milling 2.9 1973-92 2.6 3.8 -1.6 1990-92
2046 Wet corn milling 8.0 11.8 7.5 2.5
2047,48 Prepared feeds for animals and fowls 3.9 4.3 4.4 1.1
205 Bakery products 0.5 0.3 1.0 -1.3
2061,62,63 Sugar 1.9 2.2 1.4 3.3
2061,62 Raw and refined cane sugar 2.0 3.5 1.0 2.9
2063 Beet sugar 2.1 0.5 2.0 5.6
2082 Malt beverages 5.2 6.7 4.9 3.3
2086 Bottled and canned soft drinks 5.5 4.6 6.3 4.5
2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish 0.3 0.1 -0.5 3.9
211,2,3 Tobacco products 1.8 3.5 2.4 -3.4
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
211,3 Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco 1.2 2.2 1.8 -2.6
221,2 Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics 3.9 4.5 3.5 4.6
2251,52 Hosiery 3.1 6.7 1.4 2.5
2281 Yarn spinning mills 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.7
231 Men's and boys' suits and coats 1.8 4.0 0.3 3.4
2421 Sawmills and planing mills, general 2.0 1.2 2.9 0.5
2426 Hardwood dimension and flooring mills 1.4 -0.2 1.3 4.9
2431 Millwork -0.6 -1.5 0.2 -1.8
2434 Wood kitchen cabinets 1.6 1.7 0.5 5.7
2435,36 Veneer and plywood 1.8 0.1 3.5 -0.7
2435 Hardwood veneer and plywood 1.4 -0.1 1.3 5.0
2436 Softwood veneer and plywood 2.1 -0.5 4.7 -1.5
244 Wood containers 1.3 1977-93 -5.3 1977-79 3.9 -3.5
251 Household furniture 1.8 0.9 1.5 4.6
2511,17 Wood household furniture 1.0 -0.1 0.8 4.2
2512 Upholstered household furniture 2.3 2.4 1.6 4.9
2514 Metal household furniture 2.4 -0.7 3.3 5.5
2515 Mattresses and bedsprings 2.1 3.1 1.8 1.2
252 Office furniture 1.4 2.2 0.9 1.3
2521 Wood office furniture 1.3 6.0 -1.7 3.4
2522 Office furniture, except wood 1.5 1.4 2.0 -0.3
261,2,3 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 2.2 2.4 2.6 0.6
2653 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes 2.1 3.7 1.3 1.5
2657 Folding paperboard boxes 1.6 0.8 1.3 4.0
2673,74 Paper and plastic bags 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.1
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 1.5 0.6 2.2 1.1
2812 Alkalies and chlorine 3.9 4.8 5.5 -3.2
2816 Inorganic pigments 2.0 -1.1 3.9 1.3
2819 (part) Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. 1.0 0.2 1.6 0.6
2823,24 Synthetic fibers 5.5 10.8 3.0 4.6
2841 Soaps and detergents 1.2 0.4 3.1 -4.0
2844 Cosmetics and other toiletries 1.0 0.9 0.6 2.8
285 Paints and allied products 2.6 4.0 2.6 -0.2
2869 Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c. 1.0 4.1 0.5 -3.5
287 Agricultural chemicals 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.8
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
2873 Nitrogeneous fertilizers 3.0 1.8 3.6 3.1
2874 Phosphatic fertilizers 2.7 1.5 3.4 2.1
2875 Fertilizers, mixing only 2.2 3.4 0.1 7.7
2879 Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c. 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.7
291 Petroleum refining 1.8 -0.3 2.6 3.2
301 Tires and inner tubes 3.7 2.2 4.4 4.2
3052 Rubber and plastics hose and belting 1.7 0.7 1.9 3.0
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 2.4 0.3 2.8 5.0
314 Footwear, except rubber 0.4 0.8 -0.1 1.7
3221 Glass containers 1.7 1.8 2.3 -0.5
324 Cement, hydraulic 2.6 -0.6 4.6 2.2
325 Structural clay products 1.0 1.1 1.5 -0.7
3251,53,59 Clay construction products 1.4 0.1 2.3 0.4
3251 Brick and structural clay tile 0.6 -0.5 1.5 -0.4
3253 Ceramic wall and floor tile 3.1 2.9 3.5 2.0
3255 Clay refractories 0.9 2.7 0.8 -2.0
3271,72 Concrete products 0.8 -0.2 1.1 2.0
3273 Ready-mixed concrete -0.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.9
331 Steel 3.7 0.4 4.8 6.2
3321 Gray and ductile iron foundries 1.1 0.2 1.1 2.7
3324,25 Steel foundries -0.3 -0.2 -0.8 1.7
3325 Steel foundries, n.e.c. 0.5 -0.1 0.5 2.2
3331 Primary copper 4.9 3.8 6.9 -0.3
3334 Primary aluminum 1.8 0.2 3.3 -0.3
3351 Copper rolling and drawing 0.7 0.9 0.9 -0.8
3353,54,55 Aluminum rolling and drawing 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0
3411 Metal cans 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.9
3423 Hand and edge tools, n.e.c. -0.8 0.5 -1.5 -0.5
3433 Heating equipment, except electric 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.6
3441 Fabricated structural metal 0.5 -2.0 1.1 3.7
3442 Metal doors, sash, and trim 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.8
3452 Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers 1.0 0.7 1.5 -0.1
3465,66,69 Metal stampings 1.5 0.8 1.0 5.1
3465 Automotive stampings 2.4 1.4 1.9 6.3
3469 Metal stampings, n.e.c. 0.4 0.6 -0.5 3.5
3491,92,94 Valves and pipe fittings 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8
3498 Fabricated pipe and fittings -1.1 -3.2 -0.8 1.8
3519 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c. 1.2 0.7 1.8 0.0
352 Farm and garden machinery 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0
3523 Farm machinery and equipment 0.7 0.6 1.3 -1.7
3524 Lawn and garden equipment 2.5 2.9 1.1 7.0
3531 Construction machinery 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.1
3532 Mining machinery -0.7 1973-92 -2.2 0.8 -4.1 1990-92
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
3533 Oil and gas field machinery -1.3 -0.2 -2.8 2.4
3541,42 Machine tools 0.4 -0.7 0.1 3.6
3541 Metal cutting machine tools 0.5 -0.1 0.1 3.1
3542 Metal forming machine tools 0.1 -2.2 0.2 4.6
3545 Machine tool accessories -0.3 -0.9 0.5 -2.2
3561,63,94 Pumps and compressors 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.2
3561,94 Pumps and pumping equipment 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.8
3562 Ball and roller bearings -0.2 0.3 -1.5 3.8
3563 Air and gas compressors 1.2 -0.3 1.9 1.6
3585 Refrigeration and heating equipment 0.5 -0.3 0.6 1.9
3592 Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves 1.4 -3.7 2.7 7.4
3612 Transformers, except electronic 1.1 1.5 -0.1 4.6
3613 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus 1.7 -0.1 1.9 4.7
3621 Motors and generators 1.6 0.1 1.1 6.2
3631,32,33,39 Major household appliances 2.4 1973-92 3.2 2.1 2.1 1990-92
3631 Household cooking equipment 2.6 4.2 2.1 1.3
3632 Household refrigerators and freezers 2.6 3.6 2.0 2.7
3633 Household laundry equipment 2.5 1973-92 2.7 2.0 5.1 1990-92
3639 Household appliances, n.e.c. 1.9 1973-92 3.0 1.7 -0.1 1990-92
3641 Electric lamp bulbs and tubes 2.5 3.7 2.3 1.1
3645,46,47,48 Lighting fixtures and equipment 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.7
3651 Household audio and video equipment 10.5 9.8 11.2 9.2
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 2.2 2.1 2.5 1.0
3721 Aircraft 3.0 3.7 1.2 8.2
3825 Instruments to measure electricity 3.3 1.8 3.7 5.1
386 Photographic equipment and supplies 3.9 5.0 2.9 5.5
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation, revenue traffic 5.5 1973-92 1.5 7.7 5.0 1990-92
411,13,14 Bus carriers, class I -0.7 1973-89 -1.3 -0.3 1979-89 n.a.
(parts)
4213 Trucking, except local (1) 2.9 1973-89 3.2 2.7 1979-89 n.a.
4213 (part) Trucking, ex. local, general freight (1) 3.4 1973-89 4.0 3.0 1979-89 n.a.
4512,13,22 Air transportation (1) 3.3 5.6 1.9 3.8
(parts)
4612,13 Petroleum pipelines 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
Utilities
481 Telephone communications 5.9 6.8 5.4 5.9
491,2,3 Gas and electric utilities 0.5 0.6 -0.2 3.2
491,3 (part) Electric utilities 1.6 1.2 1.3 3.1
492,3 (part) Gas utilities -1.6 -0.5 -3.6 3.5
Trade (2)
5093 Scrap and waste materials 2.5 1977-93 5.0 1977-79 1.8 3.5
525 Hardware stores 1.2 2.7 1.1 -1.1
531 Department stores 2.8 3.3 2.2 3.7
533 Variety stores 0.7 -3.1 1.9 4.0
54 Food stores -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9
541 Grocery stores -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 -0.7
546 Retail bakeries -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 -1.4
551 New and used car dealers 1.2 0.2 1.9 0.5
553 Auto and home supply stores 1.7 2.0 2.3 -1.3
554 Gasoline service stations 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.1
56 Apparel and accessory stores 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.7
561 Men's and boys' clothing stores 2.0 1.0 2.9 0.8
562 Women's clothing stores 3.5 3.6 3.0 4.9
565 Family clothing stores 1.9 -0.2 3.0 2.1
566 Shoe stores 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.4
57 Home furniture, furnishings, & equipment 3.2 2.0 3.3 4.9
stores
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.1
572,3 Appliance, radio, T.V., and computer stores 5.7 3.0 6.5 8.2
572 Household appliance stores 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.7
573 Radio, television, and computer stores 6.4 2.5 7.8 9.2
58 Eating and drinking places -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.3
591 Drug stores and proprietary stores 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.4
592 Liquor stores 0.3 -0.9 1.4 -1.5
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1.3 1977-93 3.2 1977-79 1.2 0.8
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
Finance and services (2)
602 Commercial banks 2.4 0.6 2.4 6.2
701 Hotels and motels 0.2 1.2 -1.2 3.5
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5
723,4 Beauty and barber shops 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.4
723 Beauty shops 0.6 0.7 0.7 -0.3
753 Automotive repair shops -0.3 -0.7 0.2 -1.0
n.a.=not available
(1) Output per employee is used for SIC 4213, SIC 4213 (part), and SIC 4512, 13, 22 (parts).
(2) Output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and services industries except SIC 531 and
SIC 551.