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Historical, technical USDL 02-237
information: (202) 691-5618 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Tuesday, April 23, 2002
Internet: http://www.bls.gov/lpc.htm
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY, 2000
Labor productivity--defined as output per hour--rose in 2000 in more than three-
fourths of the 170 industries studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department
of Labor. Output rose in 71 percent of the industries, while hours rose in 44 percent.
The share of industries with productivity increases during the 1990-2000 period
was even greater. From 1990 to 2000, labor productivity increased in 92 percent of the
industries. Output rose in 85 percent of the industries, while hours rose in only 46
percent.
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* The industry productivity series in this release are based on the Standard *
* Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Beginning with the next annual *
* update in 2003, which will incorporate 2001 data, the industry series will *
* be based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). *
* In addition, the base year for all index series will be shifted to 1997. *
******************************************************************************
The attached tables present data for industries for which BLS publishes
productivity series. Although the analysis that follows focuses on industries at the 3-digit
level of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, BLS also publishes
productivity series at the more detailed 4-digit level for many industries. Data for
additional industries are available upon request. These include the remainder of the 3-
digit SIC industries in the manufacturing and retail trade sectors. (See technical note for
more information.) Also included in this news release are productivity and related data
for some 2-digit SIC major groups in the mining sector, for personal services, and for all
2-digit major groups in retail trade, as well as measures for the retail trade sector as a
whole. An article discussing the retail trade measures through 1999 was published in the
December 2001 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
1999-2000 change
Most of the industries for which BLS publishes data at the 3-digit level recorded
labor productivity gains in 2000, with output per hour increasing in 85 of the 119
manufacturing industries. (See table 1.) More than two-thirds of the gains in
manufacturing were greater than 2.5 percent. Four of the five largest manufacturing
industries, those with more than 500,000 employees, recorded growth in output per hour.
Labor productivity rose 3.2 percent in miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. (SIC 308),
35.5 percent in electronic components and accessories (SIC 367), 3.2 percent in
commercial printing (SIC 275), and 1.0 percent in meat products (SIC 201). Unit labor
costs, the ratio of total compensation to output, fell in 40 of the 119 industries in the
manufacturing sector. (See table 2.) Among the 85 manufacturing industries with
increasing productivity, 36 also registered decreasing unit labor costs.
Labor productivity rose in 26 of the 28 published 3-digit retail trade industries in
2000. The increases ranged from 0.7 percent to 19.3 percent. Output per hour rose in the
three largest industries, all of which have 2,000,000 employees or more. Productivity
grew 3.1 percent in eating and drinking places (SIC 581), 0.8 percent in grocery stores
(SIC 541), and 9.9 percent in department stores (SIC 531). Among the 26 retail trade
industries with increasing productivity, 16 also experienced decreasing unit labor costs.
Reflecting the growth among the individual retail trade industries, productivity in the
retail trade sector as a whole (SIC 52-59) rose 4.1 percent, with output growing 5.3
percent and hours increasing 1.2 percent. Unit labor costs increased 0.9 percent in the
retail sector.
In 2000, gains in output per hour were posted in seven of the nine industries in
finance and services for which BLS publishes data at the 3-digit level. The largest
industry in terms of employment was hotels and motels (SIC 701), where productivity
increased 3.8 percent. Unit labor costs declined in three of the nine finance and services
industries. In the personal services industry group (SIC 72), labor productivity increased
1.6 percent. Output grew 3.5 percent and hours rose 1.9 percent. Unit labor costs in
personal services increased by 2.2 percent.
In 2000, productivity rose in three of the four transportation industries and in all
of the communications and utilities industries. The largest productivity gains were 7.3
percent in railroads (SIC 4011), 8.0 percent in telephone communications (SIC 481), and
9.1 percent in gas utilities (SIC 492,3 (PT)). Unit labor costs fell in a third of the
industries in the transportation, communications, and utilities sectors.
Productivity increased in four of the five 3-digit mining industries in 2000. Unit
labor costs fell 21.4 percent in copper ores (SIC 102), 14.1 percent in gold and silver ores
(SIC 104), and 3.8 percent in bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 122).
Long-term trends
From 1990 to 2000, a very large proportion of all the industries posted
productivity gains. (See table 1.) This was true for the manufacturing sector where
output per hour increased in 111 of the 119 industries. Productivity advanced an average
of 5.0 percent per year or more in 11 manufacturing industries; another 47 experienced
annual productivity growth in the 2.5-4.9 percent range. Unit labor costs fell in 29 of the
119 industries in the manufacturing sector. In 28 of these 29 industries, labor
productivity increased.
Output per hour increased in most of the retail trade industries between 1990 and
2000. Labor productivity advanced 5.0 percent per year or more in 9 of the 3-digit retail
industries, and 11 registered annual growth rates in output per hour in the 2.5-4.9 percent
range. Unit labor costs declined in 12 of the 28 retail trade industries. Productivity in the
overall retail sector grew 2.4 percent per year during the 1990-2000 period. Output
increased 3.9 percent per year, while hours rose 1.4 percent. Unit labor costs grew 1.2
percent per year for the retail sector as a whole.
From 1990 to 2000, all but 1 of the 9 industries in the finance and services sectors
registered long-term labor productivity growth, with growth rates ranging from 0.3
percent to 2.9 percent. Unit labor costs rose in every industry in finance and services
except barber shops (SIC 724). In barber shops, unit labor costs dipped an average of 0.2
percent per year.
Eight of the nine industries in the transportation, communications, and utilities
sectors posted gains in labor productivity during the 1990-2000 period. Output per hour
grew an average of 5.0 percent or more per year in two industries. Unit labor costs
increased in most of the industries. Railroad transportation (SIC 4011) and telephone
communications (SIC 481) were the exceptions. Unit labor costs fell 2.0 percent per year
and 0.8 percent per year, respectively, in these two industries.
From 1990 to 2000, four of the five mining industries posted productivity gains.
The two industries with the fastest growth in labor productivity also reduced unit labor
costs. In gold and silver ores (SIC 104), output per hour rose 7.0 percent per year and
unit labor costs fell 1.7 percent per year. In bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC
122), productivity increased 5.7 percent per year and unit labor costs decreased 2.8
percent per year.
Productivity growth rates accelerate
As the economic expansion of the 1990�s progressed, productivity growth rates
accelerated in the overall business sector. Comparing the 1995-2000 period with the
1990-95 period, productivity growth rates increased in 97 of the 170 published industries.
(See table 3.) In 19 industries, annual output per hour grew at least 5.0 percentage points
faster in 1995-2000 than in 1990-95. Another 33 industries posted annual productivity
growth rates 2.0-4.9 percentage points above their 1990-95 rates. All of the 21 industries
that experienced productivity declines in the earlier period registered improved
performance in the latter period, with decreases becoming increases in 16 of the
industries. The number of industries reducing unit labor costs also rose as the economic
expansion continued. (See table 4.) The proportion of industries with falling unit labor
costs increased from 31 percent in the 1990-95 period to 35 percent in the 1995-2000
period.
The acceleration in productivity growth was particularly evident in the retail trade
sector. By the latter half of the decade, all industries in this sector were experiencing
rising labor productivity. In 22 of the 28 retail trade industries, growth rates were higher
in the 1995-2000 period than in the 1990-95 period. The number of retail trade industries
with declining unit labor costs showed little change between the periods. Reflecting the
pattern for individual industries, the retail sector as a whole exhibited stronger
productivity gains in the latter part of the decade--output per hour grew 1.6 percent per
year in the 1990-95 period and 3.2 percent per year in the 1995-2000 period. Unit labor
costs, however, rose in both periods--1.3 percent per year in 1990-95 and 1.1 percent per
year in 1995-2000.Technical Note
Revisions
The data in this news release reflect revisions to series as published in table 46 of
the Monthly Labor Review and in the news releases Productivity and Costs:
Manufacturing Industries, 1990-99 (released May 15, 2001) and Productivity and Costs:
Service-Producing and Mining Industries, 1990-99 (released June 6, 2001). Indexes of
productivity by industry have been revised for the years 1978 to 1999 for many of the
retail trade and services industries included in this news release. These revisions are due
to revisions in the research series Consumer Price Index (CPI-U-RS) used to develop
deflators for most service-producing industries. In addition, multifactor productivity
measures have been revised to incorporate the revisions made to the measures for 1999
and, in some cases, earlier years. The revised series can be obtained in several ways: by
visiting the Labor Productivity and Costs web site (http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm); by
visiting the Multifactor Productivity web site (http://www.bls.gov/mfp/home.htm); by
calling the Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618); or by sending a
request by e-mail (dipsweb@bls.gov).
Industry output indexes are prepared from basic data published by various public
and private agencies, using the greatest level of detail available. Data from the Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, are used extensively in developing output
statistics for manufacturing, trade, and service-producing industries. Data for
manufacturing and personal services industries from the 1997 Economic Censuses and
1998, 1999, and 2000 Annual Surveys were published primarily on the basis of the new
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS); earlier data and retail trade
data for all years were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system. In order to update the productivity series for this news release, BLS converted
the NAICS-based data to an SIC basis. All of the measures for 2000 in this news release
are preliminary and subject to revision.
Productivity measurement
The industry productivity measures describe the relationship between output and
the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period
in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate
output to hours of employees or all persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure
the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they
reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the
organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the
workforce.
Year-to-year movements in productivity measures for some industries might be
somewhat erratic, particularly in the smaller industries. The annual changes in an
industry's productivity are based on sample data, which are likely to differ from data
generated by a census of establishments in the industry. As a result, long-term trends
tend to be more reliable indicators of the performance of an industry than are the year-to-
year changes.
Unit labor cost measurement
The unit labor cost series in this release describe the cost of labor input required
to produce one unit of output. Unit labor costs are calculated as the ratio of current dollar
labor compensation to constant dollar output. The indexes of unit labor costs for each
industry are computed by dividing an index of current dollar compensation by an index of
constant dollar output.
Compensation is a measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of
labor. It is defined as payroll plus supplemental payments. Payroll includes salaries,
wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and
compensation in kind. Supplemental payments are divided into legally required
expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required expenditures
include employers' contributions to Social Security, unemployment insurance taxes, and
workers' compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not
specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health
insurance and pension plans.
The indexes of industry output used in measuring labor productivity and unit
labor costs are, wherever possible, calculated with a Tornqvist formula. This formula
aggregates the growth rates of the various industry products between two periods using
the products' shares in industry value of production, averaged over the two periods, as
weights.
Published productivity and unit labor cost data for 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC
industries are available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/lpc.htm. Productivity series
for additional industries have been withheld from publication because they do not meet
BLS publication standards. Unpublished data can be requested by phoning 202-691-5618
or by sending e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-
877-8339.
Table 1. Annual percent change in output per hour and related series: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-2000 and 1999-2000
Annual percent change, Annual percent change,
1990-2000 1999-2000
2000 ---------------------------- ----------------------------
SIC Industry Employment(1) Output Employee Output Employee
code (thousands) per hour(2) Output hours(3) per hour(2) Output hours(3)
Mining
102 Copper ores 11 1.8 -1.1 -2.8 11.4 -10.0 -19.2
104 Gold and silver ores 12 7.0 1.5 -5.1 21.5 4.7 -13.8
12 Coal mining 77 5.7 -0.7 -6.1 5.9 -3.6 -9.0
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 72 5.7 -0.7 -6.1 6.2 -3.6 -9.3
13 Oil and gas extraction 311 2.0 -0.7 -2.7 -4.3 0.2 4.7
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas 125 3.9 -0.7 -4.5 6.0 0.2 -5.4
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 114 0.2 0.6 0.5 -4.8 -3.3 1.6
142 Crushed and broken stone 45 0.0 1.4 1.4 -3.0 -1.1 1.9
Manufacturing
201 Meat products 504 0.6 2.7 2.1 1.0 0.7 -0.3
202 Dairy products 146 0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.8 1.6 0.8
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 220 2.6 1.6 -1.0 2.6 1.2 -1.4
204 Grain mill products 124 1.9 1.7 -0.2 -1.4 -1.1 0.3
205 Bakery products 204 1.5 1.2 -0.3 1.2 0.8 -0.4
206 Sugar and confectionery products 92 2.4 1.9 -0.5 2.8 4.2 1.4
207 Fats and oils 28 2.5 0.8 -1.7 -1.9 -6.6 -4.7
208 Beverages 187 0.9 1.5 0.6 -0.9 1.1 2.0
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 180 1.6 1.2 -0.4 2.1 1.7 -0.5
211 Cigarettes 23 2.1 -1.2 -3.3 1.1 1.5 0.4
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 62 3.1 -0.4 -3.4 0.6 -5.4 -6.0
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 55 4.2 0.8 -3.2 -4.5 -9.2 -4.9
224 Narrow fabric mills 20 2.0 0.2 -1.7 -6.2 -6.0 0.3
225 Knitting mills 126 3.8 -1.1 -4.7 6.1 -5.4 -10.8
226 Textile finishing, except wool 58 1.5 0.9 -0.7 3.0 -2.6 -5.4
227 Carpets and rugs 66 1.0 1.9 0.9 7.3 8.9 1.5
228 Yarn and thread mills 81 3.5 1.6 -1.8 -1.4 -2.7 -1.3
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 2.1 2.6 0.4 5.0 1.9 -3.0
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 131 7.0 -0.4 -6.9 4.9 -9.2 -13.5
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 185 6.2 0.7 -5.1 9.2 0.2 -8.3
234 Women's and children's undergarments 21 13.2 0.8 -11.0 19.6 -8.7 -23.7
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 15 1.7 1.1 -0.6 6.8 5.9 -0.8
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 30 2.1 -2.0 -4.0 5.2 3.4 -1.7
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 215 2.9 3.6 0.7 2.8 1.6 -1.2
242 Sawmills and planing mills 185 2.2 1.7 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 0.3
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 335 -0.7 2.3 3.0 2.6 5.7 3.0
244 Wood containers 59 -0.6 2.2 2.9 0.7 3.1 2.4
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 91 -0.9 2.8 3.6 -5.7 -18.9 -14.1
249 Miscellaneous wood products 83 3.1 3.0 -0.2 4.1 1.2 -2.8
251 Household furniture 293 2.1 2.4 0.4 -0.4 0.9 1.3
252 Office furniture 79 1.6 3.6 1.9 2.2 6.2 4.0
253 Public building and related furniture 59 5.4 11.3 5.7 -9.2 3.8 14.3
254 Partitions and fixtures 91 3.3 5.0 1.6 4.8 3.7 -1.0
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 43 0.7 2.1 1.4 -7.2 -5.7 1.6
261 Pulp mills 13 -3.9 -4.4 -0.6 -7.1 -1.4 6.1
262 Paper mills 139 2.7 -0.1 -2.8 5.8 -1.3 -6.7
263 Paperboard mills 47 3.0 1.2 -1.7 0.3 -4.4 -4.7
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 218 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.9 -0.7 -1.5
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 240 2.4 2.2 -0.2 1.9 -0.8 -2.6
271 Newspapers 442 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 2.7 3.0 0.3
272 Periodicals 149 1.6 3.0 1.4 -1.2 2.3 3.6
273 Books 126 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.0 1.5 1.5
274 Miscellaneous publishing 95 3.3 4.6 1.2 0.5 3.3 2.7
275 Commercial printing 560 1.5 1.7 0.2 3.2 2.3 -0.9
276 Manifold business forms 43 -2.9 -4.7 -1.8 -1.7 -8.3 -6.7
277 Greeting cards 25 0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -3.9 -7.0 -3.3
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 60 2.4 0.8 -1.5 1.9 -1.4 -3.2
279 Printing trade services 47 1.9 -1.1 -2.9 -1.6 -5.2 -3.7
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 72 2.8 -0.3 -3.0 -4.9 -6.5 -1.8
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 154 4.1 2.5 -1.6 1.6 0.0 -1.6
283 Drugs 315 0.2 3.3 3.0 0.6 6.9 6.3
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 155 1.9 1.5 -0.4 8.7 4.1 -4.2
285 Paints and allied products 52 1.6 0.0 -1.5 1.6 -0.5 -2.0
286 Industrial organic chemicals 120 2.3 -0.3 -2.6 6.0 0.2 -5.5
287 Agricultural chemicals 51 0.7 -0.4 -1.0 7.0 -2.0 -8.5
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 93 2.6 2.1 -0.5 1.9 2.9 1.0
291 Petroleum refining 85 5.1 1.4 -3.6 5.9 1.7 -4.0
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 28 2.6 2.4 -0.1 2.2 -2.5 -4.6
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 15 -1.3 0.8 2.1 -4.2 -2.3 1.9
301 Tires and inner tubes 79 3.5 3.2 -0.3 2.6 4.1 1.5
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 74 1.8 3.9 2.0 4.3 3.7 -0.6
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 108 2.9 3.3 0.4 5.7 3.1 -2.4
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 744 3.2 5.1 1.8 3.2 2.9 -0.3
314 Footwear, except rubber 28 3.8 -5.4 -8.8 10.3 -1.7 -10.9
321 Flat glass 16 5.2 4.0 -1.1 8.5 4.6 -3.6
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 67 2.6 0.6 -2.0 -2.5 1.0 3.6
323 Products of purchased glass 66 4.0 5.2 1.2 5.4 4.4 -0.9
324 Cement, hydraulic 18 2.0 2.4 0.4 -1.2 2.2 3.5
325 Structural clay products 34 1.3 0.5 -0.8 1.1 0.3 -0.7
326 Pottery and related products 38 2.1 2.5 0.4 -0.7 0.5 1.1
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 248 0.3 2.5 2.2 -5.4 -2.0 3.7
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 72 2.0 1.3 -0.6 2.5 -1.8 -4.2
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 225 3.9 2.2 -1.5 2.9 3.3 0.4
332 Iron and steel foundries 123 2.2 2.1 -0.1 2.4 -0.2 -2.6
333 Primary nonferrous metals 36 0.9 -1.4 -2.3 -5.0 -7.4 -2.6
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 176 2.4 2.9 0.4 -2.8 1.2 4.1
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 94 2.2 4.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 28 3.1 3.7 0.6 3.6 5.3 1.6
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 36 3.1 0.2 -2.8 1.0 1.6 0.6
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 121 2.6 2.0 -0.6 2.9 1.1 -1.7
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 60 2.6 2.8 0.2 5.2 4.7 -0.5
344 Fabricated structural metal products 498 1.3 3.3 1.9 0.0 4.3 4.3
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 3.1 4.9 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.3
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 146 2.6 4.7 2.0 7.6 7.3 -0.2
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 38 1.2 -5.4 -6.5 2.0 -5.7 -7.5
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 277 1.1 2.9 1.7 -0.2 2.9 3.0
351 Engines and turbines 85 4.4 4.0 -0.4 8.6 3.1 -5.0
352 Farm and garden machinery 96 1.8 0.6 -1.2 8.6 6.6 -1.8
353 Construction and related machinery 240 2.7 3.3 0.6 4.6 3.4 -1.2
354 Metalworking machinery 330 2.5 2.4 -0.1 5.5 1.9 -3.4
355 Special industry machinery 172 4.8 5.7 0.8 24.3 27.3 2.4
356 General industrial machinery 251 1.6 1.7 0.2 5.0 3.7 -1.2
357 Computer and office equipment 361 31.7 29.1 -2.0 16.6 13.8 -2.5
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 212 1.7 4.0 2.3 -1.4 -0.3 1.1
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 373 2.8 4.6 1.7 4.4 7.8 3.2
361 Electric distribution equipment 85 3.9 2.6 -1.3 4.3 7.8 3.3
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 150 3.8 2.6 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4 0.4
363 Household appliances 116 4.4 3.6 -0.7 8.6 4.5 -3.7
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 183 3.0 3.0 -0.1 1.8 1.3 -0.5
366 Communications equipment 290 13.7 14.7 0.8 20.7 31.2 8.7
367 Electronic components and accessories 682 26.9 29.1 1.8 35.5 44.1 6.3
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 146 5.6 4.2 -1.3 6.0 2.9 -3.0
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 1013 2.2 4.8 2.6 -7.1 -8.5 -1.6
372 Aircraft and parts 465 2.9 -1.2 -4.0 -4.3 -9.7 -5.7
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 166 1.6 0.1 -1.5 7.5 3.6 -3.7
374 Railroad equipment 36 4.5 5.4 0.8 2.7 -2.9 -5.4
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 20 2.4 7.1 4.5 -2.4 2.0 4.6
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 73 -0.3 -9.2 -8.9 -27.4 -39.2 -16.3
381 Search and navigation equipment 154 3.8 -2.5 -6.0 9.4 2.1 -6.6
382 Measuring and controlling devices 302 4.1 3.4 -0.6 3.9 7.4 3.3
384 Medical instruments and supplies 288 3.6 5.3 1.6 4.1 5.1 1.0
385 Ophthalmic goods 33 7.5 5.5 -1.9 6.4 5.5 -0.8
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 70 4.6 1.1 -3.4 5.5 0.8 -4.4
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 3.9 3.1 -0.8 7.9 3.1 -4.5
393 Musical instruments 17 0.8 3.7 2.9 8.4 9.4 1.0
394 Toys and sporting goods 104 2.7 2.7 0.1 10.9 11.9 0.9
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 0.6 -0.8 -1.3 1.3 -1.0 -2.3
396 Costume jewelry and notions 19 3.3 -2.8 -5.9 11.1 4.6 -5.8
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 175 0.8 3.0 2.2 0.9 0.9 0.1
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation 194 5.1 2.7 -2.4 7.3 2.4 -4.6
4213 Trucking, except local 917 1.7 3.6 1.9 -0.3 1.4 1.7
43 United States Postal Service(4) 860 0.9 1.9 1.0 2.4 2.2 -0.2
4512,13, Air transportation 740 1.8 4.4 2.6 1.5 5.6 4.0
22(PTS)
Communications and Utilities
481 Telephone communications 1134 5.9 8.3 2.3 8.0 12.8 4.4
483 Radio and television broadcasting 255 0.5 1.7 1.2 1.4 3.9 2.5
484 Cable and other pay television services 216 -0.6 5.5 6.1 3.1 9.0 5.8
491,3(PT) Electric utilities 471 4.4 1.9 -2.4 4.7 2.3 -2.3
492,3(PT) Gas utilities 166 4.3 2.0 -2.2 9.1 4.8 -4.0
Retail Trade
Retail trade 24507 2.4 3.9 1.4 4.1 5.3 1.2
52 Building materials, hardware, garden supply, 1050 3.7 5.9 2.2 -0.6 1.7 2.3
and mobile homes
521 Lumber and other building materials dealers 642 3.3 7.0 3.6 0.8 4.7 3.9
523 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores 70 4.8 3.8 -0.9 3.1 3.5 0.4
525 Hardware stores 178 2.4 1.9 -0.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.2
526 Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores 112 6.2 6.7 0.4 2.7 5.4 2.6
53 General merchandise stores 2843 5.3 6.6 1.3 9.5 8.7 -0.7
531 Department stores 2491 5.2 7.0 1.7 9.9 8.9 -0.9
533 Variety stores 160 7.9 6.6 -1.2 5.1 14.2 8.7
539 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 193 6.6 5.0 -1.5 12.4 7.0 -4.8
54 Food stores 3639 -0.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 2.3 1.0
541 Grocery stores 3179 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.1 1.4
542 Meat and fish (seafood) markets 57 1.1 0.5 -0.5 12.9 8.8 -3.6
546 Retail bakeries 214 -0.3 1.4 1.7 6.3 5.3 -0.9
55 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations 2508 1.9 2.8 0.9 0.5 3.3 2.7
551 New and used car dealers 1114 0.5 2.3 1.8 0.7 4.3 3.5
553 Auto and home supply stores 428 1.4 2.9 1.5 3.3 3.4 0.1
554 Gasoline service stations 671 3.0 1.9 -1.1 -1.9 -2.6 -0.6
56 Apparel and accessory stores 1243 5.5 4.9 -0.5 6.6 6.9 0.3
561 Men's and boys' wear stores 86 3.6 1.0 -2.5 6.8 4.0 -2.7
562 Women's clothing stores 293 6.8 2.7 -3.8 8.1 9.2 1.0
565 Family clothing stores 456 4.1 7.8 3.6 2.9 6.4 3.4
566 Shoe stores 204 4.0 2.3 -1.7 4.8 2.2 -2.5
57 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores 1239 7.0 9.3 2.2 10.2 12.1 1.7
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 649 3.0 4.5 1.5 4.8 8.0 3.0
572 Household appliance stores 79 7.2 4.8 -2.2 12.3 9.7 -2.3
573 Radio, television, computer, and music stores 510 11.5 16.3 4.2 16.3 16.9 0.6
58 Eating and drinking places(5) 8338 0.3 2.4 2.2 3.1 4.9 1.7
59 Miscellaneous merchandise stores 3647 4.3 5.7 1.4 8.2 8.4 0.2
591 Drug and proprietary stores 685 2.6 3.5 0.9 5.5 5.7 0.3
592 Liquor stores 139 1.9 0.6 -1.3 11.5 4.1 -6.7
593 Used merchandise stores 209 7.7 11.9 3.9 18.3 17.2 -0.9
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1254 3.4 5.1 1.7 4.8 7.3 2.4
596 Nonstore retailers 576 9.0 11.3 2.1 19.3 16.1 -2.7
598 Fuel dealers 98 3.3 1.5 -1.7 1.8 -1.8 -3.5
599 Retail stores, n.e.c. 686 3.9 5.5 1.5 3.5 4.5 1.0
Finance and Services
602 Commercial banks 1430 2.9 2.0 -0.9 5.4 3.1 -2.2
701 Hotels and motels 1874 1.7 3.3 1.6 3.8 8.6 4.6
72 Personal services 1847 1.2 2.2 1.0 1.6 3.5 1.9
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 518 1.9 1.8 -0.1 2.2 0.9 -1.3
722 Photographic studios, portrait 86 1.3 3.5 2.1 4.0 4.0 0.0
723 Beauty shops 759 1.6 2.9 1.3 1.0 5.8 4.7
724 Barber shops 62 2.6 0.4 -2.1 -2.2 1.3 3.5
726 Funeral services and crematories 107 0.3 0.4 0.1 -6.2 -3.5 2.9
753 Automotive repair shops 917 1.8 3.0 1.2 1.7 2.2 0.5
783 Motion picture theaters 139 -0.5 1.7 2.2 3.3 3.1 -0.2
1 Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
2 Output per employee hour is measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Output per hour of all persons is used for all other trade and services industries. All persons include self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees. In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), output per employee hour is based on output per employee with the
assumption of constant average weekly hours.
3 Employee hours are measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Hours of all persons are used for all other trade and services industries. All persons includes self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees. In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), employee hours are based on employees with the assumption
of constant average weekly hours.
4 The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311. Employee hours in SIC 43 are based
on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employee years, as reported in the U.S. Postal Service budget. FTE employee years
are computed by dividing total hours of full-time, part-time, and intermittent workers by the number of hours in a standard work year.
The output and hours for SIC 43 reflect the Federal fiscal year.
5 Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
Table 2. Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-2000 and 1999-2000
Annual percent change, Annual percent change,
1990-2000 1999-2000
----------------------------- --------------------------
2000 Total Unit Total Unit
SIC Industry Employment(1) compen- labor compen- labor
code (thousands) sation Output costs sation Output costs
Mining
102 Copper ores 11 0.3 -1.1 1.5 -29.3 -10.0 -21.4
104 Gold and silver ores 12 -0.2 1.5 -1.7 -10.1 4.7 -14.1
12 Coal mining 77 -3.8 -0.7 -3.1 -6.6 -3.6 -3.1
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 72 -3.5 -0.7 -2.8 -7.3 -3.6 -3.8
13 Oil and gas extraction 311 3.7 -0.7 4.5 13.2 0.2 13.0
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas 125 2.6 -0.7 3.4 7.6 0.2 7.4
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 114 3.7 0.6 3.0 1.9 -3.3 5.4
142 Crushed and broken stone 45 4.7 1.4 3.3 3.3 -1.1 4.4
Manufacturing
201 Meat products 504 5.1 2.7 2.3 2.6 0.7 1.9
202 Dairy products 146 2.7 0.2 2.5 5.0 1.6 3.4
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 220 2.7 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.2
204 Grain mill products 124 2.6 1.7 0.9 2.8 -1.1 4.0
205 Bakery products 204 3.8 1.2 2.6 3.0 0.8 2.2
206 Sugar and confectionery products 92 2.5 1.9 0.6 3.4 4.2 -0.8
207 Fats and oils 28 1.9 0.8 1.1 -1.5 -6.6 5.4
208 Beverages 187 2.8 1.5 1.2 7.2 1.1 6.1
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 180 3.0 1.2 1.8 3.8 1.7 2.0
211 Cigarettes 23 -0.4 -1.2 0.9 0.1 1.5 -1.3
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 62 -0.9 -0.4 -0.5 -4.2 -5.4 1.3
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 55 0.6 0.8 -0.3 -4.2 -9.2 5.5
224 Narrow fabric mills 20 3.3 0.2 3.1 5.4 -6.0 12.1
225 Knitting mills 126 -0.9 -1.1 0.2 -4.9 -5.4 0.4
226 Textile finishing, except wool 58 2.5 0.9 1.7 -2.2 -2.6 0.4
227 Carpets and rugs 66 2.7 1.9 0.8 3.3 8.9 -5.1
228 Yarn and thread mills 81 0.7 1.6 -0.9 -0.6 -2.7 2.1
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 4.1 2.6 1.5 5.2 1.9 3.3
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 131 -2.6 -0.4 -2.2 -12.8 -9.2 -3.9
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 185 -2.1 0.7 -2.8 -5.0 0.2 -5.2
234 Women's and children's undergarments 21 -6.3 0.8 -7.0 -10.5 -8.7 -1.9
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 15 3.2 1.1 2.0 0.2 5.9 -5.4
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 30 -1.3 -2.0 0.7 2.8 3.4 -0.6
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 215 5.2 3.6 1.6 1.2 1.6 -0.4
242 Sawmills and planing mills 185 3.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 -0.6 2.3
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 335 5.5 2.3 3.1 6.0 5.7 0.3
244 Wood containers 59 5.6 2.2 3.3 5.7 3.1 2.5
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 91 7.1 2.8 4.3 -10.2 -18.9 10.8
249 Miscellaneous wood products 83 4.0 3.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.2
251 Household furniture 293 3.6 2.4 1.1 2.3 0.9 1.4
252 Office furniture 79 3.6 3.6 0.0 5.3 6.2 -0.9
253 Public building and related furniture 59 9.4 11.3 -1.7 0.1 3.8 -3.5
254 Partitions and fixtures 91 6.8 5.0 1.8 5.9 3.7 2.1
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 43 4.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 -5.7 8.1
261 Pulp mills 13 -4.6 -4.4 -0.2 6.2 -1.4 7.8
262 Paper mills 139 0.5 -0.1 0.6 -3.4 -1.3 -2.1
263 Paperboard mills 47 3.0 1.2 1.7 0.7 -4.4 5.3
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 218 3.8 1.6 2.2 2.0 -0.7 2.7
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 240 3.5 2.2 1.3 0.5 -0.8 1.4
271 Newspapers 442 2.6 -0.9 3.5 4.9 3.0 1.9
272 Periodicals 149 8.3 3.0 5.1 15.1 2.3 12.4
273 Books 126 4.8 1.5 3.2 3.8 1.5 2.3
274 Miscellaneous publishing 95 8.3 4.6 3.6 11.2 3.3 7.7
275 Commercial printing 560 3.6 1.7 1.9 3.2 2.3 0.9
276 Manifold business forms 43 -0.9 -4.7 4.0 0.0 -8.3 9.1
277 Greeting cards 25 0.0 -0.1 0.1 1.2 -7.0 8.8
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 60 1.7 0.8 0.9 1.7 -1.4 3.2
279 Printing trade services 47 -0.4 -1.1 0.7 -1.1 -5.2 4.3
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 72 0.5 -0.3 0.8 -0.3 -6.5 6.7
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 154 1.6 2.5 -0.9 -2.1 0.0 -2.1
283 Drugs 315 5.9 3.3 2.6 5.2 6.9 -1.6
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 155 2.1 1.5 0.6 3.1 4.1 -0.9
285 Paints and allied products 52 3.1 0.0 3.1 3.6 -0.5 4.1
286 Industrial organic chemicals 120 2.8 -0.3 3.0 2.4 0.2 2.2
287 Agricultural chemicals 51 1.4 -0.4 1.8 1.2 -2.0 3.3
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 93 3.2 2.1 1.1 3.3 2.9 0.3
291 Petroleum refining 85 2.3 1.4 0.9 -0.2 1.7 -1.9
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 28 2.1 2.4 -0.3 -1.9 -2.5 0.6
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 15 2.6 0.8 1.9 2.0 -2.3 4.4
301 Tires and inner tubes 79 3.2 3.2 0.0 5.1 4.1 0.9
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 74 5.0 3.9 1.1 5.2 3.7 1.4
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 108 3.8 3.3 0.5 3.7 3.1 0.5
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 744 5.5 5.1 0.4 4.3 2.9 1.4
314 Footwear, except rubber 28 -4.8 -5.4 0.6 -10.5 -1.7 -9.0
321 Flat glass 16 0.7 4.0 -3.2 -1.5 4.6 -5.8
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 67 0.9 0.6 0.3 3.4 1.0 2.4
323 Products of purchased glass 66 5.5 5.2 0.3 6.4 4.4 1.9
324 Cement, hydraulic 18 3.4 2.4 1.0 2.6 2.2 0.5
325 Structural clay products 34 1.6 0.5 1.1 3.1 0.3 2.8
326 Pottery and related products 38 2.7 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.2
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 248 5.1 2.5 2.5 4.0 -2.0 6.1
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 72 2.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 -1.8 3.3
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 225 0.9 2.2 -1.3 4.1 3.3 0.8
332 Iron and steel foundries 123 2.4 2.1 0.3 0.9 -0.2 1.1
333 Primary nonferrous metals 36 -0.9 -1.4 0.5 -6.8 -7.4 0.7
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 176 3.1 2.9 0.2 3.5 1.2 2.3
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 94 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 28 3.2 3.7 -0.5 3.8 5.3 -1.4
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 36 -1.3 0.2 -1.5 -2.7 1.6 -4.2
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 121 2.7 2.0 0.7 2.6 1.1 1.5
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 60 4.3 2.8 1.5 6.0 4.7 1.2
344 Fabricated structural metal products 498 4.4 3.3 1.1 3.8 4.3 -0.4
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 3.6 4.9 -1.2 4.6 1.5 3.0
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 146 4.9 4.7 0.3 5.2 7.3 -2.0
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 38 -5.4 -5.4 -0.1 -0.3 -5.7 5.7
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 277 4.1 2.9 1.2 3.9 2.9 1.0
351 Engines and turbines 85 1.6 4.0 -2.3 -0.1 3.1 -3.1
352 Farm and garden machinery 96 2.4 0.6 1.8 1.3 6.6 -4.9
353 Construction and related machinery 240 3.3 3.3 0.0 2.1 3.4 -1.3
354 Metalworking machinery 330 3.5 2.4 1.0 2.3 1.9 0.4
355 Special industry machinery 172 4.9 5.7 -0.7 10.3 27.3 -13.3
356 General industrial machinery 251 3.2 1.7 1.4 2.2 3.7 -1.5
357 Computer and office equipment 361 0.7 29.1 -22.0 -4.0 13.8 -15.6
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 212 4.2 4.0 0.2 1.4 -0.3 1.7
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 373 4.8 4.6 0.2 6.0 7.8 -1.7
361 Electric distribution equipment 85 2.7 2.6 0.1 3.8 7.8 -3.7
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 150 2.7 2.6 0.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6
363 Household appliances 116 3.7 3.6 0.1 5.2 4.5 0.7
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 183 2.8 3.0 -0.1 1.8 1.3 0.5
366 Communications equipment 290 6.3 14.7 -7.3 16.0 31.2 -11.5
367 Electronic components and accessories 682 5.8 29.1 -18.1 11.0 44.1 -22.9
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 146 2.6 4.2 -1.5 4.3 2.9 1.4
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 1013 4.8 4.8 -0.1 1.7 -8.5 11.1
372 Aircraft and parts 465 -1.0 -1.2 0.2 -2.6 -9.7 7.8
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 166 0.7 0.1 0.6 5.8 3.6 2.1
374 Railroad equipment 36 4.3 5.4 -1.0 0.7 -2.9 3.8
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 20 12.2 7.1 4.8 8.8 2.0 6.6
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 73 -7.6 -9.2 1.8 -20.1 -39.2 31.4
381 Search and navigation equipment 154 -2.2 -2.5 0.2 5.7 2.1 3.5
382 Measuring and controlling devices 302 2.9 3.4 -0.5 4.4 7.4 -2.8
384 Medical instruments and supplies 288 5.7 5.3 0.4 3.5 5.1 -1.6
385 Ophthalmic goods 33 3.3 5.5 -2.0 1.8 5.5 -3.5
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 70 -1.1 1.1 -2.2 -4.8 0.8 -5.6
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 2.7 3.1 -0.3 5.9 3.1 2.7
393 Musical instruments 17 6.7 3.7 2.9 10.5 9.4 1.0
394 Toys and sporting goods 104 3.7 2.7 0.9 10.9 11.9 -0.9
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 1.4 -0.8 2.2 1.0 -1.0 2.1
396 Costume jewelry and notions 19 0.0 -2.8 3.0 2.9 4.6 -1.7
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 175 4.3 3.0 1.3 2.2 0.9 1.2
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation 194 0.6 2.7 -2.0 -1.4 2.4 -3.7
4213 Trucking, except local 917 5.0 3.6 1.4 4.5 1.4 3.0
43 United States Postal Service(2) 860 4.1 1.9 2.1 4.6 2.2 2.4
4512,13, Air transportation 740 5.2 4.4 0.8 8.8 5.6 3.1
22(PTS)
Communications and Utilities
481 Telephone communications 1134 7.5 8.3 -0.8 10.4 12.8 -2.1
483 Radio and television broadcasting 255 5.6 1.7 3.9 10.7 3.9 6.5
484 Cable and other pay television services 216 12.1 5.5 6.2 8.8 9.0 -0.1
491,3(PT) Electric utilities 471 2.6 1.9 0.7 7.8 2.3 5.4
492,3(PT) Gas utilities 166 3.1 2.0 1.1 7.8 4.8 2.9
Retail Trade
Retail trade 24507 5.1 3.9 1.2 6.2 5.3 0.9
52 Building materials, hardware, garden supply, 1050 6.0 5.9 0.0 5.9 1.7 4.1
and mobile homes
521 Lumber and other building materials dealers 642 7.3 7.0 0.3 8.3 4.7 3.4
523 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores 70 2.6 3.8 -1.2 3.3 3.5 -0.2
525 Hardware stores 178 3.4 1.9 1.4 5.1 -1.1 6.3
526 Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores 112 3.9 6.7 -2.5 4.8 5.4 -0.5
53 General merchandise stores 2843 4.6 6.6 -1.9 8.4 8.7 -0.3
531 Department stores 2491 5.1 7.0 -1.8 8.2 8.9 -0.6
533 Variety stores 160 0.8 6.6 -5.5 14.4 14.2 0.2
539 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 193 1.5 5.0 -3.3 7.8 7.0 0.8
54 Food stores 3639 3.4 0.5 2.9 3.6 2.3 1.2
541 Grocery stores 3179 3.3 0.5 2.8 3.8 2.1 1.6
542 Meat and fish (seafood) markets 57 1.1 0.5 0.6 -0.8 8.8 -8.8
546 Retail bakeries 214 5.2 1.4 3.7 2.7 5.3 -2.5
55 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations 2508 5.3 2.8 2.4 5.7 3.3 2.3
551 New and used car dealers 1114 6.1 2.3 3.7 6.1 4.3 1.7
553 Auto and home supply stores 428 4.4 2.9 1.4 2.3 3.4 -1.1
554 Gasoline service stations 671 2.3 1.9 0.4 0.3 -2.6 3.0
56 Apparel and accessory stores 1243 3.6 4.9 -1.2 6.6 6.9 -0.3
561 Men's and boys' wear stores 86 0.6 1.0 -0.4 2.8 4.0 -1.2
562 Women's clothing stores 293 0.6 2.7 -2.1 7.4 9.2 -1.7
565 Family clothing stores 456 7.9 7.8 0.1 11.5 6.4 4.8
566 Shoe stores 204 2.5 2.3 0.2 3.6 2.2 1.4
57 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores 1239 6.6 9.3 -2.5 8.4 12.1 -3.3
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 649 5.2 4.5 0.7 6.9 8.0 -1.1
572 Household appliance stores 79 0.1 4.8 -4.5 -0.9 9.7 -9.7
573 Radio, television, computer, and music stores 510 9.8 16.3 -5.6 11.3 16.9 -4.8
58 Eating and drinking places(3) 8338 5.8 2.4 3.3 6.5 4.9 1.6
59 Miscellaneous merchandise stores 3647 5.7 5.7 -0.1 6.3 8.4 -1.9
591 Drug and proprietary stores 685 5.5 3.5 1.9 7.1 5.7 1.3
592 Liquor stores 139 2.7 0.6 2.1 -2.1 4.1 -5.9
593 Used merchandise stores 209 7.5 11.9 -4.0 3.7 17.2 -11.5
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1254 5.3 5.1 0.2 6.7 7.3 -0.6
596 Nonstore retailers 576 8.6 11.3 -2.4 10.9 16.1 -4.5
598 Fuel dealers 98 1.9 1.5 0.4 2.9 -1.8 4.7
599 Retail stores, n.e.c. 686 4.9 5.5 -0.6 2.8 4.5 -1.6
Finance and Services
602 Commercial banks 1430 5.5 2.0 3.5 3.6 3.1 0.5
701 Hotels and motels 1874 5.7 3.3 2.3 8.4 8.6 -0.2
72 Personal services 1847 4.8 2.2 2.6 5.9 3.5 2.2
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 518 3.5 1.8 1.6 4.1 0.9 3.1
722 Photographic studios, portrait 86 4.8 3.5 1.2 5.6 4.0 1.6
723 Beauty shops 759 5.8 2.9 2.8 10.6 5.8 4.5
724 Barber shops 62 0.3 0.4 -0.2 1.0 1.3 -0.2
726 Funeral services and crematories 107 4.1 0.4 3.7 2.7 -3.5 6.4
753 Automotive repair shops 917 4.7 3.0 1.7 5.9 2.2 3.7
783 Motion picture theaters 139 3.8 1.7 2.1 -3.1 3.1 -6.0
1 Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
2 The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.
3 Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
Table 3. Annual percent change in output per hour and related series: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
Annual percent change, Annual percent change,
1990-95 1995-2000
2000 ---------------------------- ----------------------------
SIC Industry Employment(1) Output Employee Output Employee
code (thousands) per hour(2) Output hours(3) per hour(2) Output hours(3)
Mining
102 Copper ores 11 2.7 2.9 0.2 0.9 -4.9 -5.7
104 Gold and silver ores 12 3.3 1.0 -2.3 10.7 2.1 -7.8
12 Coal mining 77 5.6 -0.9 -6.2 5.9 -0.4 -6.0
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 72 5.6 -1.0 -6.2 5.8 -0.4 -5.9
13 Oil and gas extraction 311 3.4 -0.7 -4.0 0.6 -0.8 -1.4
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas 125 4.3 -0.7 -4.8 3.6 -0.8 -4.2
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 114 0.6 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 1.2 1.4
142 Crushed and broken stone 45 0.6 0.8 0.2 -0.7 2.0 2.7
Manufacturing
201 Meat products 504 1.1 3.6 2.6 0.1 1.8 1.7
202 Dairy products 146 1.7 1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.1
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 220 2.7 2.3 -0.3 2.5 0.9 -1.6
204 Grain mill products 124 1.8 2.1 0.3 2.0 1.4 -0.6
205 Bakery products 204 1.0 0.9 -0.1 2.0 1.4 -0.6
206 Sugar and confectionery products 92 1.0 1.0 0.1 3.8 2.8 -1.0
207 Fats and oils 28 0.4 0.4 0.1 4.7 1.2 -3.4
208 Beverages 187 2.7 1.8 -0.8 -0.7 1.3 2.0
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 180 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.5 1.4 -1.0
211 Cigarettes 23 4.8 1.0 -3.6 -0.5 -3.4 -2.9
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 62 5.4 3.2 -2.1 0.9 -3.9 -4.8
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 55 5.5 3.5 -1.9 2.9 -1.7 -4.5
224 Narrow fabric mills 20 4.3 3.2 -1.0 -0.3 -2.6 -2.3
225 Knitting mills 126 5.2 4.6 -0.6 2.4 -6.5 -8.7
226 Textile finishing, except wool 58 -1.2 1.8 3.0 4.4 0.0 -4.2
227 Carpets and rugs 66 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.4 2.7 1.2
228 Yarn and thread mills 81 4.5 3.3 -1.2 2.5 0.0 -2.4
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 2.5 3.2 0.6 1.7 1.9 0.3
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 131 3.9 2.2 -1.6 10.2 -3.0 -12.0
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 185 5.4 2.5 -2.8 7.0 -1.0 -7.4
234 Women's and children's undergarments 21 9.6 3.8 -5.2 16.9 -2.2 -16.4
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 15 -1.1 3.2 4.4 4.7 -0.8 -5.3
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 30 5.2 1.0 -4.0 -1.0 -4.9 -4.0
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 215 1.8 3.6 1.8 3.9 3.6 -0.4
242 Sawmills and planing mills 185 2.0 1.0 -1.0 2.5 2.4 0.0
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 335 -1.1 0.6 1.7 -0.3 4.0 4.3
244 Wood containers 59 -0.9 1.4 2.3 -0.3 3.1 3.4
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 91 -1.2 5.9 7.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.2
249 Miscellaneous wood products 83 1.4 2.1 0.7 4.9 3.9 -1.0
251 Household furniture 293 2.3 1.7 -0.5 1.9 3.2 1.2
252 Office furniture 79 1.3 0.0 -1.3 1.9 7.3 5.2
253 Public building and related furniture 59 7.7 13.7 5.6 3.1 9.0 5.7
254 Partitions and fixtures 91 1.1 3.4 2.2 5.5 6.6 1.1
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 43 1.2 1.5 0.3 0.1 2.6 2.5
261 Pulp mills 13 2.5 1.1 -1.4 -9.8 -9.6 0.2
262 Paper mills 139 3.0 1.2 -1.8 2.4 -1.4 -3.7
263 Paperboard mills 47 3.5 2.9 -0.5 2.5 -0.5 -2.9
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 218 0.7 1.8 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.0
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 240 2.2 2.4 0.1 2.5 2.0 -0.5
271 Newspapers 442 -2.7 -3.9 -1.2 2.3 2.2 0.0
272 Periodicals 149 -1.3 -1.2 0.2 4.6 7.4 2.7
273 Books 126 1.0 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.4
274 Miscellaneous publishing 95 0.6 1.2 0.6 6.2 8.1 1.8
275 Commercial printing 560 0.9 1.5 0.6 2.1 1.9 -0.1
276 Manifold business forms 43 -3.7 -5.8 -2.1 -2.0 -3.6 -1.6
277 Greeting cards 25 -1.7 -1.1 0.5 2.6 0.9 -1.7
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 60 1.8 1.6 -0.2 3.0 0.1 -2.8
279 Printing trade services 47 3.3 0.0 -3.2 0.5 -2.1 -2.6
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 72 0.5 -1.5 -2.0 5.3 1.1 -4.0
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 154 4.9 2.8 -2.0 3.3 2.2 -1.1
283 Drugs 315 0.9 2.9 1.9 -0.5 3.7 4.1
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 155 2.7 1.9 -0.8 1.0 1.1 0.0
285 Paints and allied products 52 2.1 0.3 -1.8 1.1 -0.2 -1.3
286 Industrial organic chemicals 120 -0.6 -1.7 -1.2 5.3 1.2 -3.9
287 Agricultural chemicals 51 0.7 -0.1 -0.8 0.6 -0.7 -1.3
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 93 2.1 0.9 -1.1 3.1 3.2 0.1
291 Petroleum refining 85 3.9 1.2 -2.7 6.4 1.6 -4.5
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 28 2.6 2.0 -0.6 2.5 2.9 0.3
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 15 -1.6 0.9 2.6 -1.0 0.6 1.6
301 Tires and inner tubes 79 4.9 4.4 -0.5 2.2 2.0 -0.1
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 74 1.7 4.0 2.3 2.0 3.8 1.8
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 108 2.2 3.6 1.4 3.6 2.9 -0.6
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 744 2.7 5.6 2.7 3.7 4.6 0.8
314 Footwear, except rubber 28 3.0 -3.6 -6.4 4.5 -7.1 -11.1
321 Flat glass 16 3.3 1.7 -1.6 7.1 6.3 -0.7
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 67 2.0 0.2 -1.8 3.3 0.9 -2.2
323 Products of purchased glass 66 2.8 4.0 1.3 5.3 6.5 1.1
324 Cement, hydraulic 18 2.0 2.1 0.1 2.0 2.7 0.7
325 Structural clay products 34 0.6 0.0 -0.5 2.1 1.1 -1.0
326 Pottery and related products 38 2.1 4.1 1.9 2.1 0.9 -1.2
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 248 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.4 4.3
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 72 2.5 2.2 -0.2 1.5 0.5 -1.0
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 225 5.4 3.1 -2.2 2.3 1.4 -0.9
332 Iron and steel foundries 123 1.2 1.9 0.7 3.2 2.2 -1.0
333 Primary nonferrous metals 36 1.7 -1.3 -2.9 0.2 -1.5 -1.7
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 176 1.4 1.3 0.0 3.5 4.5 0.9
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 94 2.5 4.1 1.5 2.0 3.9 1.9
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 28 6.0 7.6 1.5 0.3 0.0 -0.2
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 36 4.2 -0.6 -4.6 2.0 1.0 -1.0
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 121 2.7 2.6 -0.1 2.4 1.3 -1.1
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 60 1.2 0.8 -0.5 3.9 4.9 0.9
344 Fabricated structural metal products 498 1.4 1.8 0.4 1.3 4.8 3.5
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 2.7 6.0 3.2 3.5 3.7 0.2
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 146 4.1 5.7 1.6 1.2 3.7 2.4
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 38 1.3 -6.1 -7.4 1.2 -4.6 -5.7
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 277 1.8 3.4 1.6 0.5 2.4 1.9
351 Engines and turbines 85 2.9 3.1 0.3 6.0 4.9 -1.1
352 Farm and garden machinery 96 2.9 2.1 -0.8 0.7 -0.9 -1.6
353 Construction and related machinery 240 2.7 2.7 0.1 2.7 3.8 1.1
354 Metalworking machinery 330 2.6 3.7 1.1 2.5 1.1 -1.3
355 Special industry machinery 172 4.2 6.3 2.0 5.4 5.1 -0.3
356 General industrial machinery 251 1.4 2.4 0.9 1.7 1.1 -0.6
357 Computer and office equipment 361 27.7 22.6 -4.0 35.8 35.9 0.0
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 212 1.7 5.3 3.6 1.6 2.7 1.0
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 373 5.3 6.7 1.4 0.4 2.5 2.1
361 Electric distribution equipment 85 6.1 2.9 -3.0 1.7 2.2 0.5
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 150 7.0 5.5 -1.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.9
363 Household appliances 116 3.8 3.8 0.0 5.0 3.5 -1.5
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 183 2.6 2.0 -0.6 3.5 4.0 0.5
366 Communications equipment 290 10.1 10.3 0.2 17.5 19.2 1.5
367 Electronic components and accessories 682 24.7 25.0 0.3 29.1 33.3 3.3
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 146 4.7 3.9 -0.8 6.5 4.5 -1.9
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 1013 0.8 5.5 4.6 3.6 4.2 0.6
372 Aircraft and parts 465 1.7 -7.2 -8.8 4.2 5.2 1.0
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 166 -1.1 -3.8 -2.7 4.4 4.2 -0.2
374 Railroad equipment 36 1.2 5.0 3.8 7.8 5.7 -2.0
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 20 5.1 14.4 8.8 -0.2 0.2 0.3
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 73 0.1 -11.8 -11.9 -0.6 -6.5 -5.9
381 Search and navigation equipment 154 5.8 -5.5 -10.7 1.8 0.7 -1.1
382 Measuring and controlling devices 302 6.6 4.3 -2.1 1.6 2.5 0.9
384 Medical instruments and supplies 288 2.4 3.8 1.4 4.9 6.7 1.8
385 Ophthalmic goods 33 6.7 3.5 -3.0 8.4 7.5 -0.8
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 70 3.7 0.8 -2.8 5.5 1.4 -3.9
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 7.7 6.6 -1.0
393 Musical instruments 17 -2.2 1.1 3.3 3.9 6.5 2.4
394 Toys and sporting goods 104 1.0 3.7 2.7 4.3 1.8 -2.4
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 2.7 1.0 -1.7 -1.6 -2.6 -1.0
396 Costume jewelry and notions 19 6.4 0.6 -5.4 0.2 -6.2 -6.4
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 175 0.3 2.1 1.8 1.4 4.0 2.6
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation 194 5.7 3.3 -2.3 4.6 2.0 -2.5
4213 Trucking, except local 917 2.5 4.3 1.8 0.9 3.0 2.0
43 United States Postal Service(4) 860 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.3 2.4 1.1
4512,13, Air transportation 740 3.2 3.9 0.7 0.4 4.9 4.5
22(PTS)
Communications and Utilities
481 Telephone communications 1134 5.5 5.5 -0.1 6.3 11.3 4.7
483 Radio and television broadcasting 255 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.0 2.2 2.2
484 Cable and other pay television services 216 -1.8 3.0 4.9 0.7 8.2 7.4
491,3(PT) Electric utilities 471 -6.0 -7.7 -1.8 16.0 12.4 -3.1
492,3(PT) Gas utilities 166 5.3 2.9 -2.3 3.2 1.1 -2.1
Retail Trade
Retail trade 24507 1.6 2.8 1.2 3.2 5.0 1.7
52 Building materials, hardware, garden supply, 1050 3.3 5.0 1.6 4.1 6.9 2.7
and mobile homes
521 Lumber and other building materials dealers 642 2.5 5.4 2.9 4.1 8.5 4.2
523 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores 70 4.2 2.3 -1.8 5.4 5.2 -0.1
525 Hardware stores 178 0.0 1.0 1.0 4.7 2.9 -1.8
526 Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores 112 6.7 5.3 -1.3 5.7 8.0 2.3
53 General merchandise stores 2843 4.1 6.2 2.0 6.4 7.1 0.6
531 Department stores 2491 3.7 6.6 2.8 6.7 7.5 0.7
533 Variety stores 160 6.6 2.6 -3.7 9.3 10.8 1.4
539 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 193 7.1 5.4 -1.6 6.0 4.6 -1.4
54 Food stores 3639 -0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.7
541 Grocery stores 3179 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.7
542 Meat and fish (seafood) markets 57 -0.9 -2.5 -1.6 3.1 3.7 0.5
546 Retail bakeries 214 -1.9 0.1 2.0 1.3 2.8 1.5
55 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations 2508 1.8 2.0 0.1 1.9 3.6 1.7
551 New and used car dealers 1114 0.3 1.6 1.3 0.8 3.1 2.3
553 Auto and home supply stores 428 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.8 4.1 2.2
554 Gasoline service stations 671 4.3 2.3 -1.9 1.8 1.4 -0.4
56 Apparel and accessory stores 1243 5.4 3.5 -1.8 5.5 6.3 0.8
561 Men's and boys' wear stores 86 1.0 -2.3 -3.2 6.3 4.4 -1.8
562 Women's clothing stores 293 5.6 0.7 -4.6 8.0 4.8 -3.0
565 Family clothing stores 456 5.6 7.5 1.8 2.5 8.2 5.6
566 Shoe stores 204 5.2 1.3 -3.7 2.9 3.2 0.4
57 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores 1239 6.0 7.7 1.6 8.1 11.0 2.7
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 649 2.3 2.8 0.4 3.7 6.3 2.5
572 Household appliance stores 79 5.9 3.1 -2.6 8.4 6.5 -1.8
573 Radio, television, computer, and music stores 510 10.4 15.5 4.6 12.7 17.0 3.9
58 Eating and drinking places(5) 8338 -0.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 3.3 2.3
59 Miscellaneous merchandise stores 3647 2.5 3.6 1.0 6.1 7.9 1.8
591 Drug and proprietary stores 685 0.9 0.8 -0.1 4.3 6.2 1.9
592 Liquor stores 139 -0.2 -2.6 -2.3 4.1 3.8 -0.2
593 Used merchandise stores 209 3.2 7.7 4.4 12.4 16.3 3.4
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1254 2.8 3.8 1.0 4.1 6.5 2.3
596 Nonstore retailers 576 6.5 9.2 2.5 11.5 13.4 1.6
598 Fuel dealers 98 5.6 3.7 -1.9 1.0 -0.6 -1.6
599 Retail stores, n.e.c. 686 2.1 3.8 1.6 5.8 7.2 1.3
Finance and Services
602 Commercial banks 1430 3.2 1.9 -1.3 2.5 2.1 -0.4
701 Hotels and motels 1874 2.8 3.1 0.3 0.7 3.5 2.8
72 Personal services 1847 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 2.9 1.3
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 518 0.8 0.8 0.0 3.0 2.8 -0.1
722 Photographic studios, portrait 86 3.4 5.5 2.0 -0.7 1.5 2.2
723 Beauty shops 759 1.4 2.6 1.2 1.8 3.2 1.3
724 Barber shops 62 2.8 -0.7 -3.4 2.4 1.6 -0.7
726 Funeral services and crematories 107 1.9 1.4 -0.5 -1.3 -0.6 0.7
753 Automotive repair shops 917 2.4 3.0 0.6 1.1 3.0 1.9
783 Motion picture theaters 139 -2.3 -1.4 1.0 1.3 4.8 3.4
1 Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
2 Output per employee hour is measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Output per hour of all persons is used for all other trade and services industries. All persons include self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees. In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), output per employee hour is based on output per employee with the
assumption of constant average weekly hours.
3 Employee hours are measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Hours of all persons are used for all other trade and services industries. All persons includes self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees. In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), employee hours are based on employees with the assumption
of constant average weekly hours.
4 The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311. Employee hours in SIC 43 are based
on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employee years, as reported in the U.S. Postal Service budget. FTE employee years
are computed by dividing total hours of full-time, part-time, and intermittent workers by the number of hours in a standard work year.
The output and hours for SIC 43 reflect the Federal fiscal year.
5 Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
Table 4. Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
Annual percent change, Annual percent change,
1990-95 1995-2000
----------------------------- --------------------------
2000 Total Unit Total Unit
SIC Industry Employment(1) compen- labor compen- labor
code (thousands) sation Output costs sation Output costs
Mining
102 Copper ores 11 6.6 2.9 3.6 -5.5 -4.9 -0.7
104 Gold and silver ores 12 2.0 1.0 1.0 -2.4 2.1 -4.4
12 Coal mining 77 -4.1 -0.9 -3.2 -3.4 -0.4 -3.0
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 72 -3.8 -1.0 -2.9 -3.3 -0.4 -2.8
13 Oil and gas extraction 311 1.3 -0.7 2.1 6.1 -0.8 7.0
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas 125 1.0 -0.7 1.7 4.4 -0.8 5.1
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 114 2.7 0.1 2.5 4.7 1.2 3.5
142 Crushed and broken stone 45 3.1 0.8 2.3 6.3 2.0 4.2
Manufacturing
201 Meat products 504 5.0 3.6 1.3 5.2 1.8 3.3
202 Dairy products 146 2.6 1.0 1.5 2.8 -0.6 3.4
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 220 3.3 2.3 0.9 2.2 0.9 1.3
204 Grain mill products 124 2.9 2.1 0.8 2.3 1.4 0.9
205 Bakery products 204 3.5 0.9 2.5 4.1 1.4 2.6
206 Sugar and confectionery products 92 2.6 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.8 -0.3
207 Fats and oils 28 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.8 1.2 1.6
208 Beverages 187 1.9 1.8 0.0 3.7 1.3 2.5
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 180 3.0 0.9 2.0 3.0 1.4 1.5
211 Cigarettes 23 0.2 1.0 -0.7 -1.0 -3.4 2.5
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 62 2.6 3.2 -0.5 -4.2 -3.9 -0.4
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 55 2.7 3.5 -0.7 -1.5 -1.7 0.2
224 Narrow fabric mills 20 4.9 3.2 1.6 1.8 -2.6 4.6
225 Knitting mills 126 2.8 4.6 -1.7 -4.5 -6.5 2.1
226 Textile finishing, except wool 58 5.5 1.8 3.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.3
227 Carpets and rugs 66 4.7 1.2 3.4 0.9 2.7 -1.8
228 Yarn and thread mills 81 1.4 3.3 -1.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 6.2 3.2 3.0 2.0 1.9 0.1
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 131 1.1 2.2 -1.1 -6.2 -3.0 -3.3
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 185 2.1 2.5 -0.4 -6.1 -1.0 -5.2
234 Women's and children's undergarments 21 -1.0 3.8 -4.6 -11.3 -2.2 -9.3
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 15 6.2 3.2 2.9 0.3 -0.8 1.1
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 30 -0.5 1.0 -1.5 -2.1 -4.9 2.9
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 215 5.8 3.6 2.1 4.6 3.6 1.0
242 Sawmills and planing mills 185 3.8 1.0 2.8 3.2 2.4 0.8
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 335 4.7 0.6 4.1 6.3 4.0 2.2
244 Wood containers 59 6.3 1.4 4.9 4.9 3.1 1.7
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 91 8.8 5.9 2.7 5.5 -0.3 5.8
249 Miscellaneous wood products 83 3.4 2.1 1.3 4.7 3.9 0.8
251 Household furniture 293 3.1 1.7 1.4 4.1 3.2 0.9
252 Office furniture 79 1.8 0.0 1.8 5.4 7.3 -1.8
253 Public building and related furniture 59 12.3 13.7 -1.3 6.6 9.0 -2.2
254 Partitions and fixtures 91 4.7 3.4 1.3 9.0 6.6 2.3
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 43 4.0 1.5 2.5 4.5 2.6 1.9
261 Pulp mills 13 0.7 1.1 -0.4 -9.6 -9.6 0.0
262 Paper mills 139 2.0 1.2 0.8 -1.0 -1.4 0.4
263 Paperboard mills 47 4.9 2.9 1.9 1.1 -0.5 1.6
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 218 4.4 1.8 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.8
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 240 3.5 2.4 1.1 3.6 2.0 1.6
271 Newspapers 442 1.2 -3.9 5.3 4.0 2.2 1.8
272 Periodicals 149 4.1 -1.2 5.4 12.7 7.4 4.9
273 Books 126 5.4 1.8 3.6 4.1 1.3 2.8
274 Miscellaneous publishing 95 1.9 1.2 0.6 15.2 8.1 6.6
275 Commercial printing 560 3.3 1.5 1.8 3.8 1.9 1.9
276 Manifold business forms 43 -1.5 -5.8 4.5 -0.3 -3.6 3.4
277 Greeting cards 25 -0.9 -1.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.0
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 60 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.7
279 Printing trade services 47 0.7 0.0 0.7 -1.5 -2.1 0.7
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 72 -0.7 -1.5 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.6
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 154 3.3 2.8 0.5 -0.1 2.2 -2.2
283 Drugs 315 5.7 2.9 2.7 6.2 3.7 2.4
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 155 2.3 1.9 0.3 1.9 1.1 0.9
285 Paints and allied products 52 4.4 0.3 4.1 1.9 -0.2 2.2
286 Industrial organic chemicals 120 3.5 -1.7 5.3 2.0 1.2 0.8
287 Agricultural chemicals 51 2.0 -0.1 2.1 0.8 -0.7 1.5
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 93 2.5 0.9 1.6 3.9 3.2 0.6
291 Petroleum refining 85 4.0 1.2 2.8 0.6 1.6 -0.9
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 28 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.5 2.9 -1.3
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 15 4.2 0.9 3.3 1.0 0.6 0.5
301 Tires and inner tubes 79 4.4 4.4 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.1
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 74 4.7 4.0 0.6 5.4 3.8 1.5
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 108 4.0 3.6 0.4 3.5 2.9 0.6
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 744 5.9 5.6 0.3 5.1 4.6 0.5
314 Footwear, except rubber 28 -3.1 -3.6 0.5 -6.5 -7.1 0.6
321 Flat glass 16 0.0 1.7 -1.7 1.4 6.3 -4.6
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 67 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 -0.2
323 Products of purchased glass 66 5.6 4.0 1.5 5.4 6.5 -1.0
324 Cement, hydraulic 18 2.4 2.1 0.2 4.4 2.7 1.7
325 Structural clay products 34 1.6 0.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.6
326 Pottery and related products 38 4.9 4.1 0.8 0.4 0.9 -0.4
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 248 3.1 0.6 2.5 7.1 4.4 2.6
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 72 3.2 2.2 0.9 2.3 0.5 1.8
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 225 1.6 3.1 -1.4 0.2 1.4 -1.3
332 Iron and steel foundries 123 2.2 1.9 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.3
333 Primary nonferrous metals 36 0.1 -1.3 1.4 -2.0 -1.5 -0.5
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 176 2.7 1.3 1.3 3.5 4.5 -0.9
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 94 4.7 4.1 0.6 3.4 3.9 -0.5
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 28 2.0 7.6 -5.2 4.5 0.0 4.4
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 36 -1.8 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 1.0 -1.7
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 121 3.3 2.6 0.7 2.0 1.3 0.7
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 60 3.4 0.8 2.6 5.2 4.9 0.3
344 Fabricated structural metal products 498 2.3 1.8 0.5 6.7 4.8 1.8
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 4.0 6.0 -1.9 3.2 3.7 -0.5
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 146 5.2 5.7 -0.5 4.7 3.7 1.0
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 38 -7.6 -6.1 -1.6 -3.2 -4.6 1.4
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 277 4.6 3.4 1.1 3.6 2.4 1.3
351 Engines and turbines 85 1.9 3.1 -1.2 1.3 4.9 -3.4
352 Farm and garden machinery 96 3.0 2.1 0.9 1.8 -0.9 2.7
353 Construction and related machinery 240 1.9 2.7 -0.8 4.7 3.8 0.9
354 Metalworking machinery 330 4.2 3.7 0.5 2.7 1.1 1.6
355 Special industry machinery 172 5.9 6.3 -0.4 4.0 5.1 -1.0
356 General industrial machinery 251 3.5 2.4 1.1 2.9 1.1 1.7
357 Computer and office equipment 361 -0.1 22.6 -18.5 1.5 35.9 -25.3
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 212 4.5 5.3 -0.8 3.8 2.7 1.1
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 373 6.7 6.7 0.0 3.0 2.5 0.5
361 Electric distribution equipment 85 4.2 2.9 1.3 1.2 2.2 -1.0
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 150 4.4 5.5 -1.0 0.9 -0.1 1.0
363 Household appliances 116 4.1 3.8 0.3 3.3 3.5 -0.2
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 183 2.7 2.0 0.7 3.0 4.0 -1.0
366 Communications equipment 290 2.8 10.3 -6.9 9.9 19.2 -7.8
367 Electronic components and accessories 682 5.4 25.0 -15.7 6.1 33.3 -20.4
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 146 1.8 3.9 -2.0 3.4 4.5 -1.1
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 1013 6.3 5.5 0.8 3.2 4.2 -1.0
372 Aircraft and parts 465 -4.7 -7.2 2.8 2.8 5.2 -2.3
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 166 -1.2 -3.8 2.7 2.6 4.2 -1.5
374 Railroad equipment 36 3.7 5.0 -1.2 4.9 5.7 -0.7
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 20 20.7 14.4 5.5 4.3 0.2 4.1
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 73 -10.5 -11.8 1.5 -4.5 -6.5 2.1
381 Search and navigation equipment 154 -4.6 -5.5 0.9 0.3 0.7 -0.4
382 Measuring and controlling devices 302 2.5 4.3 -1.7 3.2 2.5 0.7
384 Medical instruments and supplies 288 6.2 3.8 2.2 5.2 6.7 -1.5
385 Ophthalmic goods 33 2.6 3.5 -0.8 4.1 7.5 -3.2
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 70 -0.3 0.8 -1.1 -1.9 1.4 -3.3
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 5.9 6.6 -0.7
393 Musical instruments 17 5.4 1.1 4.3 8.1 6.5 1.5
394 Toys and sporting goods 104 5.4 3.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 0.1
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 4.0 1.0 2.9 -1.2 -2.6 1.4
396 Costume jewelry and notions 19 2.2 0.6 1.6 -2.1 -6.2 4.4
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 175 4.1 2.1 2.0 4.6 4.0 0.5
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation 194 0.2 3.3 -3.0 0.9 2.0 -1.1
4213 Trucking, except local 917 4.6 4.3 0.3 5.5 3.0 2.4
43 United States Postal Service(2) 860 4.8 1.4 3.3 3.4 2.4 1.0
4512,13, Air transportation 740 3.8 3.9 -0.1 6.6 4.9 1.7
22(PTS)
Communications and Utilities
481 Telephone communications 1134 4.2 5.5 -1.2 10.8 11.3 -0.5
483 Radio and television broadcasting 255 3.8 1.1 2.6 7.5 2.2 5.2
484 Cable and other pay television services 216 10.7 3.0 7.5 13.5 8.2 4.9
491,3(PT) Electric utilities 471 2.6 -7.7 11.1 2.7 12.4 -8.7
492,3(PT) Gas utilities 166 2.2 2.9 -0.7 4.0 1.1 2.9
Retail Trade
Retail trade 24507 4.1 2.8 1.3 6.2 5.0 1.1
52 Building materials, hardware, garden supply, 1050 4.8 5.0 -0.2 7.3 6.9 0.3
and mobile homes
521 Lumber and other building materials dealers 642 5.7 5.4 0.2 8.9 8.5 0.3
523 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores 70 1.1 2.3 -1.2 4.0 5.2 -1.1
525 Hardware stores 178 3.7 1.0 2.7 3.1 2.9 0.2
526 Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores 112 1.8 5.3 -3.3 6.1 8.0 -1.8
53 General merchandise stores 2843 3.9 6.2 -2.2 5.4 7.1 -1.6
531 Department stores 2491 4.5 6.6 -2.0 5.7 7.5 -1.6
533 Variety stores 160 -1.5 2.6 -4.0 3.2 10.8 -6.9
539 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 193 0.9 5.4 -4.3 2.1 4.6 -2.4
54 Food stores 3639 3.1 -0.2 3.3 3.7 1.2 2.5
541 Grocery stores 3179 2.9 -0.1 3.0 3.6 1.1 2.5
542 Meat and fish (seafood) markets 57 0.3 -2.5 2.9 1.9 3.7 -1.7
546 Retail bakeries 214 5.3 0.1 5.2 5.0 2.8 2.2
55 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations 2508 4.7 2.0 2.7 5.9 3.6 2.2
551 New and used car dealers 1114 5.9 1.6 4.2 6.4 3.1 3.2
553 Auto and home supply stores 428 3.6 1.8 1.8 5.2 4.1 1.1
554 Gasoline service stations 671 1.8 2.3 -0.5 2.8 1.4 1.4
56 Apparel and accessory stores 1243 1.7 3.5 -1.7 5.6 6.3 -0.7
561 Men's and boys' wear stores 86 -1.4 -2.3 0.8 2.7 4.4 -1.7
562 Women's clothing stores 293 -1.3 0.7 -2.0 2.5 4.8 -2.1
565 Family clothing stores 456 5.5 7.5 -1.9 10.4 8.2 2.1
566 Shoe stores 204 0.9 1.3 -0.4 4.1 3.2 0.8
57 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores 1239 4.3 7.7 -3.2 8.9 11.0 -1.9
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 649 3.3 2.8 0.5 7.2 6.3 0.8
572 Household appliance stores 79 -1.6 3.1 -4.6 1.8 6.5 -4.4
573 Radio, television, computer, and music stores 510 7.4 15.5 -7.0 12.2 17.0 -4.1
58 Eating and drinking places(3) 8338 4.9 1.5 3.4 6.8 3.3 3.3
59 Miscellaneous merchandise stores 3647 4.3 3.6 0.7 7.1 7.9 -0.8
591 Drug and proprietary stores 685 4.1 0.8 3.2 6.8 6.2 0.6
592 Liquor stores 139 1.4 -2.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 0.1
593 Used merchandise stores 209 7.6 7.7 -0.1 7.3 16.3 -7.7
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1254 3.9 3.8 0.1 6.7 6.5 0.2
596 Nonstore retailers 576 6.8 9.2 -2.2 10.5 13.4 -2.5
598 Fuel dealers 98 0.7 3.7 -2.8 3.1 -0.6 3.7
599 Retail stores, n.e.c. 686 4.0 3.8 0.2 5.7 7.2 -1.3
Finance and Services
602 Commercial banks 1430 4.2 1.9 2.3 6.9 2.1 4.7
701 Hotels and motels 1874 4.0 3.1 0.9 7.4 3.5 3.8
72 Personal services 1847 3.9 1.4 2.4 5.7 2.9 2.8
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 518 2.8 0.8 2.0 4.2 2.8 1.3
722 Photographic studios, portrait 86 5.1 5.5 -0.4 4.4 1.5 2.9
723 Beauty shops 759 5.1 2.6 2.4 6.5 3.2 3.2
724 Barber shops 62 -1.5 -0.7 -0.8 2.1 1.6 0.5
726 Funeral services and crematories 107 4.5 1.4 3.0 3.7 -0.6 4.3
753 Automotive repair shops 917 3.4 3.0 0.3 6.1 3.0 3.0
783 Motion picture theaters 139 2.2 -1.4 3.6 5.5 4.8 0.6
1 Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
2 The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.
3 Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.