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Historical, technical USDL 00-155
information: (202) 691-5618 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, May 26, 2000
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1987-97
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor reported today on labor productivity and unit labor cost
changes for selected industries in the manufacturing sector of
the U.S. economy. This is the first industry productivity news
release to include unit labor costs, introduced by BLS in 1999
for these industries. Labor productivity--defined as output per
hour--rose in 1997 in nearly three-fourths of the industries
reported here. More than half of the industries registering
productivity growth also posted declines in unit labor costs.
In 1997, the most recent year for which output data are
available for manufacturing industries, output per hour
increased in 74 percent of the manufacturing industries.
Output, which is the production of goods and services, rose in
77 percent of the industries, while hours rose in 63 percent of the
industries. The share of industries with productivity increases
over a longer period was even greater. Over the 1987-97 period,
labor productivity increased in 90 percent of the manufacturing
industries. Output rose in 84 percent of the industries, while
hours rose in 49 percent of the industries.
The attached tables present data for manufacturing
industries for which BLS publishes productivity series at the 3-
digit level of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
Manual. Although the analysis that follows will focus on
industries at the 3-digit level, BLS also publishes productivity
series at the 2- and 4-digit level for these industries, as well
as for service-producing and mining industries. (See section on
"Productivity measurement" in the technical note.)
*******************************************************
* Productivity and costs measures for the service- *
* producing and mining industries, 1987-98, also are *
* being released today by BLS. See news release *
* USDL 00-156. *
*******************************************************
Current trends
Labor productivity in the overall manufacturing sector
(previously published in the BLS quarterly productivity news
release) increased 5.0 percent in 1997. Gains in output per
hour were posted in 89 of the 120 manufacturing industries for
which BLS publishes data at the 3-digit level. (See table 1.)
More than three-fourths of the gains were greater than 2.5
percent: Double-digit productivity growth occurred in 17
industries; an additional 29 industries posted labor
productivity growth in the 5.0-9.9 percent range; and output per
hour advanced 2.6-4.9 percent in 25 industries. The largest
gain--37.5 percent--occurred in computer and office equipment.
The five largest manufacturing industries, those with more
than 500,000 employees, all recorded growth in output per hour
in 1997. Labor productivity rose 8.7 percent in motor vehicles
and equipment; 4.4 percent in miscellaneous plastics products,
n.e.c.; 18.6 percent in electronic components and accessories;
0.8 percent in commercial printing; and 0.9 percent in aircraft
and parts.
Unit labor costs, the ratio of total compensation to
output, fell 1.3 percent in the manufacturing sector in 1997.
Declines in unit labor costs were posted in 58 of the 120
industries in the manufacturing sector. The largest declines
were in computer and office equipment (-25.3 percent);
electronic components and accessories (-14.5 percent); women's
and children's undergarments (-13.8 percent); industrial organic
chemicals (-12.3 percent); and agricultural chemicals (-10.9 percent).
Well over half of the manufacturing industries with increasing
productivity, 51 of 89, also registered decreasing unit labor
costs.
Long-term trends
More manufacturing industries posted productivity gains
over a longer period than in 1997. Output per hour increased in
108 of the 120 industries during the 1987-97 period, as labor
productivity in the overall manufacturing sector rose 3.0
percent on average per year. (See table 2.) Productivity
advanced 5.0 percent per year or more in eight industries.
Another 31 industries experienced annual productivity growth in
the 2.5-5.0 percent range. Computer and office equipment posted
the largest increase in labor productivity each year, on
average, 25.1 percent between 1987 and 1997. The five largest
manufacturing industries all registered long-term growth in
output per hour. Labor productivity rose in motor vehicles and
equipment (1.5 percent); miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.
(2.7 percent); electronic components and accessories (19.8
percent); commercial printing (0.9 percent); and aircraft and
parts (1.3 percent).
Unit labor costs over the longer term of 1987-97 rose 0.4
percent on average per year in the overall manufacturing sector.
During that period, unit labor costs increased in 103 of the 120
industries in the manufacturing sector.
Technical Note
Coverage
In the goods-producing sector, the BLS industry
productivity series cover 100 percent of employment in
manufacturing and 96 percent in mining; the construction sector
is not covered. In the service-producing sector, the BLS
industry productivity series cover 100 percent of employment in
retail trade, 90 percent in communications and utilities, 57
percent in transportation, 17 percent in finance and services,
and 2 percent in wholesale trade. In the sectors with low
coverage, a lack of adequate basic data and, in some cases,
serious conceptual issues have prevented development of
productivity measures. (The coverage percentages noted here
relate to unpublished as well as published series. For
information on series that do not meet BLS publication
standards, see discussion below.)
Revisions
The data in this news release reflect revisions to series
as published in table 42 of the Monthly Labor Review; in the
article "BLS Completes Major Expansion of Industry Productivity
Series," by John Duke and Lisa Usher, Monthly Labor Review,
September 1998, pp. 35-51; and in Unit Labor Costs for Selected
Industries, 1987-97, BLS Report 939, November 1999. The revised
series can be obtained in several ways: by visiting the Industry
Productivity web site (http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm); by
calling the Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-
5618); or by sending a request by e-mail (dipsweb@bls.gov).
Industry output indexes are prepared from basic data
published by various public and private agencies, using the
greatest level of detail available. Data from the Bureau of the
Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, are used extensively in
developing output statistics for manufacturing, trade, and
service-producing industries. Data from the 1997 Economic
Census of Manufactures were published primarily on the basis of
the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS),
unlike earlier censuses, which were published according to the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Implementation
of NAICS by Federal agencies will be in phases. In order to
update the productivity series for this news release, BLS
converted the NAICS-based manufacturing data to SIC-based data.
BLS will continue to publish the productivity series on an SIC
basis until all the data underlying the productivity series have
been converted to a NAICS basis.
All of the measures for 1997 in this news release are
preliminary and subject to revision.
Productivity measurement
The productivity measures in this release describe the
relationship between output and the labor time involved in its
production. They show the changes from period to period in the
amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these
measures relate output to hours of employees or all persons
engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of
production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment;
level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the
characteristics and effort of the workforce.
The reader should note that, occasionally, the year-to-year
movements in productivity measures might be somewhat erratic,
particularly in the smaller industries. The annual changes in
an industry's productivity are based on sample data, which are
likely to differ from data generated by a census of
establishments in the industry. As a result, long-term trends
tend to be more reliable indicators of the performance of an
industry than are the year-to-year changes.
Unit labor cost measurement
The unit labor cost series in this release describe the
cost of labor input required to produce one unit of output.
Unit labor costs are calculated as the ratio of current dollar
labor compensation to constant dollar output. The indexes of
unit labor costs for each industry are computed by dividing an
index of current dollar compensation by an index of constant
dollar output.
Compensation is a measure of the cost to the employer of
securing the services of labor. It is defined as payroll plus
supplemental payments. Payroll includes salaries, wages,
commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave
pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments are
divided into legally required expenditures and payments for
voluntary programs. The legally required expenditures include
employers� contributions to Social Security, unemployment
insurance taxes, and workers� compensation. Payments for
voluntary programs include all programs not specifically
required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private
health insurance and pension plans.
The indexes of industry output used in measuring labor
productivity and unit labor costs are, wherever possible,
calculated with a Tornqvist formula. This formula aggregates
the growth rates of the various industry products between two
periods using the products� shares in industry value of
production, averaged over the two periods, as weights.
Published productivity and unit labor cost data for
452 industries in the goods-producing and service-producing
sectors are available on the Internet at
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm. Productivity series for
an additional 222 industries have been withheld from
publication because they do not meet BLS publication
standards. Among the unpublished industries are 32
previously published industries. An additional nine
industries that were previously unpublished are now
published, including computer and office equipment (SIC 357)
and electronic components and accessories (SIC 367).
Unpublished data can be requested by phoning 202-691-5618
or by sending e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Annual percent change in output per hour and related series: manufacturing industries, 1996-97
1997 Annual percent change
SIC Code Industry Employment (1) Output Employee Total Unit
(thousands) per hour Output hours Compensation Labor Costs
201 Meat products 488 6.0 7.7 1.6 8.8 1.0
202 Dairy products 141 3.0 2.1 -0.9 4.2 2.1
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 232 2.4 0.9 -1.5 3.7 2.8
204 Grain mill products 125 9.9 9.5 -0.3 7.9 -1.5
205 Bakery products 207 3.9 2.8 -1.1 5.9 3.0
206 Sugar and confectionery products 97 2.9 2.2 -0.6 4.3 2.0
207 Fats and oils 33 9.0 7.8 -1.0 9.9 1.9
208 Beverages 180 0.5 2.3 1.9 7.5 5.1
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 182 -4.8 -4.1 0.8 3.6 8.0
211 Cigarettes 28 0.0 -4.9 -4.9 0.3 5.4
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 73 -4.6 -7.4 -2.9 -3.8 3.9
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 64 9.7 8.2 -1.4 11.5 3.1
224 Narrow fabric mills 22 -14.7 -11.2 4.1 -0.8 11.7
225 Knitting mills 172 -0.2 -1.9 -1.7 3.0 5.0
226 Textile finishing, except wool 68 18.8 17.2 -1.3 6.1 -9.5
227 Carpets and rugs 63 0.1 1.5 1.5 -4.4 -5.8
228 Yarn and thread mills 87 5.5 8.0 2.3 8.1 0.1
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 -4.2 2.1 6.6 3.0 0.9
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 207 13.1 5.4 -6.8 4.1 -1.2
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 252 7.0 4.1 -2.7 -2.4 -6.2
234 Women's and children's undergarments 35 12.5 -1.5 -12.5 -15.1 -13.8
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 17 1.7 -4.8 -6.4 -1.8 3.2
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 34 -12.4 -13.7 -1.5 -7.0 7.8
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 219 10.7 9.8 -0.8 10.2 0.4
241 Logging 82 -15.8 -14.8 1.2 9.7 28.8
242 Sawmills and planing mills 183 1.6 3.8 2.2 7.8 3.8
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 294 -2.7 0.6 3.4 5.1 4.5
244 Wood containers 55 -0.2 4.5 4.7 6.0 1.4
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 93 4.6 8.7 3.9 15.1 5.8
249 Miscellaneous wood products 89 7.6 8.2 0.6 7.7 -0.5
251 Household furniture 277 0.1 2.1 2.0 3.5 1.3
252 Office furniture 65 10.8 18.5 6.9 10.5 -6.7
253 Public building and related furniture 44 2.7 3.0 0.3 -3.6 -6.4
254 Partitions and fixtures 88 24.6 31.2 5.3 29.1 -1.6
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 39 -9.8 -5.4 4.8 -10.3 -5.1
261 Pulp mills 12 -21.3 -23.3 -2.6 -25.6 -3.0
262 Paper mills 159 -4.1 -5.6 -1.5 -3.8 1.9
263 Paperboard mills 50 5.3 4.1 -1.1 3.3 -0.8
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 221 3.7 5.5 1.8 4.6 -0.9
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 242 7.1 9.1 1.8 10.1 1.0
271 Newspapers 441 2.0 2.3 0.3 5.3 2.9
272 Periodicals 136 12.3 15.3 2.6 28.7 11.6
273 Books 128 3.0 4.2 1.2 10.0 5.5
274 Miscellaneous publishing 88 22.3 25.9 2.9 26.9 0.8
275 Commercial printing 574 0.8 2.8 2.0 4.5 1.6
276 Manifold business forms 43 4.8 3.0 -1.7 2.4 -0.6
277 Greeting cards 28 1.6 6.0 4.3 2.5 -3.3
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 66 0.7 -0.4 -1.2 3.1 3.6
279 Printing trade services 50 -1.6 -3.0 -1.4 -2.0 1.0
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 82 5.4 5.1 -0.3 2.4 -2.6
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 159 6.7 5.7 -1.0 3.8 -1.7
283 Drugs 269 0.5 3.7 3.2 -2.0 -5.5
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 156 7.8 9.2 1.3 4.5 -4.3
285 Paints and allied products 52 1.3 1.5 0.2 6.6 5.0
286 Industrial organic chemicals 138 14.0 10.2 -3.3 -3.4 -12.3
287 Agricultural chemicals 52 9.4 7.0 -2.2 -4.6 -10.9
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 94 9.2 10.6 1.3 9.7 -0.9
291 Petroleum refining 98 5.0 2.4 -2.4 3.2 0.7
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 29 6.8 8.6 1.7 7.0 -1.5
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 14 11.6 9.8 -1.6 3.0 -6.2
301 Tires and inner tubes 78 7.0 5.4 -1.5 -0.1 -5.2
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 69 4.7 8.0 3.1 9.5 1.4
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 112 3.7 5.1 1.4 0.7 -4.2
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 731 4.4 6.8 2.4 7.3 0.4
314 Footwear, except rubber 41 2.7 -5.0 -7.4 -9.1 -4.3
321 Flat glass 17 6.0 10.8 4.5 2.2 -7.7
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 72 5.7 4.2 -1.4 -0.1 -4.1
323 Products of purchased glass 63 2.7 5.8 3.0 1.6 -4.0
324 Cement, hydraulic 17 3.4 4.2 0.8 4.9 0.7
325 Structural clay products 34 -2.9 0.8 3.7 2.2 1.4
326 Pottery and related products 39 -2.7 -5.8 -3.2 -8.2 -2.6
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 218 1.7 4.1 2.4 5.6 1.4
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 76 2.1 3.6 1.5 3.4 -0.2
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 235 3.7 2.9 -0.8 0.9 -2.0
332 Iron and steel foundries 130 4.8 8.8 3.9 6.2 -2.4
333 Primary nonferrous metals 39 4.6 6.3 1.5 -1.8 -7.6
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 169 8.1 9.6 1.4 8.2 -1.3
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 92 3.4 8.0 4.4 8.3 0.3
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 30 -5.8 -0.4 5.7 9.7 10.2
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 38 3.6 1.5 -2.0 -1.2 -2.7
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 126 -4.3 -2.8 1.5 1.9 4.8
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 58 7.2 8.6 1.3 21.9 12.2
344 Fabricated structural metal products 453 3.3 6.5 3.1 11.3 4.5
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 5.8 7.2 1.3 8.9 1.6
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 140 -3.8 1.7 5.7 8.1 6.4
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 43 14.9 2.8 -10.5 -0.5 -3.2
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 263 -1.9 2.5 4.5 4.7 2.1
351 Engines and turbines 83 -1.8 -0.7 1.1 -1.3 -0.6
352 Farm and garden machinery 105 2.8 10.5 7.5 10.0 -0.5
353 Construction and related machinery 243 6.9 12.9 5.6 12.7 -0.1
354 Metalworking machinery 350 3.2 5.7 2.4 7.0 1.2
355 Special industry machinery 179 -2.9 -1.6 1.4 -0.2 1.3
356 General industrial machinery 264 0.6 3.4 2.8 6.7 3.2
357 Computer and office equipment 376 37.5 43.1 4.0 6.8 -25.3
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 202 0.1 -1.3 -1.3 5.0 6.3
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 366 -8.3 -3.2 5.5 0.3 3.7
361 Electric distribution equipment 82 0.0 0.4 0.4 -7.1 -7.5
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 154 6.2 5.3 -0.9 2.6 -2.6
363 Household appliances 115 8.4 1.9 -6.0 4.2 2.3
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 181 3.8 5.7 1.8 5.6 -0.1
366 Communications equipment 277 16.1 18.7 2.3 15.4 -2.8
367 Electronic components and accessories 650 18.6 27.4 7.4 8.9 -14.5
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 149 1.2 -1.5 -2.7 0.3 1.9
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 986 8.7 11.0 2.1 6.2 -4.3
372 Aircraft and parts 501 0.9 12.4 11.4 11.3 -1.0
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 158 5.2 5.8 0.5 0.4 -5.1
374 Railroad equipment 34 23.5 17.8 -4.6 7.7 -8.6
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 22 -4.0 3.9 8.2 0.4 -3.3
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 91 -2.2 -0.9 1.3 -3.7 -2.8
381 Search and navigation equipment 161 4.7 5.5 0.8 -1.5 -6.7
382 Measuring and controlling devices 301 -5.0 -3.8 1.3 3.2 7.3
384 Medical instruments and supplies 276 4.7 8.1 3.3 7.5 -0.6
385 Ophthalmic goods 35 7.6 5.5 -2.0 8.1 2.5
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 86 -5.5 -4.5 1.1 5.0 10.0
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 14.3 15.6 1.2 12.7 -2.5
393 Musical instruments 16 6.4 9.0 2.4 9.4 0.3
394 Toys and sporting goods 111 16.4 14.5 -1.7 6.0 -7.4
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 -11.4 -11.6 -0.2 -10.4 1.3
396 Costume jewelry and notions 23 -16.3 -18.8 -3.0 -15.6 3.9
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 161 -3.1 3.2 6.5 4.1 0.8
(1) Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program.
Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour and related series: manufacturing industries, 1987-97
1997 Average annual percent change
SIC Code Industry Employment (1) Output Employee Total Unit
(thousands) per hour Output hours Compensation Labor Costs
201 Meat products 488 0.3 2.9 2.5 5.6 2.7
202 Dairy products 141 1.8 0.7 -1.1 3.0 2.3
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 232 1.1 1.6 0.5 3.9 2.2
204 Grain mill products 125 1.7 2.1 0.4 3.6 1.4
205 Bakery products 207 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 3.5 3.8
206 Sugar and confectionery products 97 1.6 1.7 0.1 3.4 1.7
207 Fats and oils 33 1.8 1.7 -0.2 2.6 0.9
208 Beverages 180 3.1 2.3 -0.9 2.3 0.0
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 182 0.4 1.6 1.2 4.2 2.6
211 Cigarettes 28 3.9 0.1 -3.7 0.9 0.8
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 73 2.7 -0.8 -3.5 -0.5 0.3
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 64 4.9 1.6 -3.2 2.7 1.1
224 Narrow fabric mills 22 0.7 0.0 -0.8 2.6 2.6
225 Knitting mills 172 4.1 1.8 -2.3 1.8 0.0
226 Textile finishing, except wool 68 -0.6 0.6 1.2 3.1 2.6
227 Carpets and rugs 63 0.0 0.4 0.4 2.7 2.2
228 Yarn and thread mills 87 4.5 1.8 -2.6 0.8 -1.0
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 1.7 2.2 0.5 4.5 2.2
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 207 4.3 0.2 -3.9 0.2 -0.1
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 252 4.2 0.9 -3.2 0.5 -0.4
234 Women's and children's undergarments 35 7.0 -0.6 -7.1 -4.0 -3.4
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 17 -1.8 0.1 1.9 4.1 3.9
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 34 0.5 -1.7 -2.2 -0.1 1.6
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 219 1.6 3.0 1.4 4.9 1.9
241 Logging 82 -3.3 -3.4 -0.1 3.0 6.6
242 Sawmills and planing mills 183 1.6 0.8 -0.8 3.0 2.2
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 294 -1.1 -0.1 1.0 3.7 3.7
244 Wood containers 55 0.6 3.5 2.8 7.0 3.4
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 93 0.1 3.1 3.0 7.1 3.8
249 Miscellaneous wood products 89 2.1 2.3 0.2 4.2 1.9
251 Household furniture 277 2.0 0.9 -1.1 2.9 2.0
252 Office furniture 65 1.7 1.2 -0.5 3.1 1.9
253 Public building and related furniture 44 6.4 10.9 4.2 9.8 -1.0
254 Partitions and fixtures 88 2.0 4.0 2.0 6.4 2.3
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 39 0.2 1.0 0.7 2.8 1.8
261 Pulp mills 12 0.4 -1.5 -1.9 0.1 1.6
262 Paper mills 159 0.7 -0.2 -0.9 1.9 2.1
263 Paperboard mills 50 2.2 1.4 -0.7 4.1 2.6
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 221 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.5 2.4
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 242 2.0 2.5 0.5 4.6 2.1
271 Newspapers 441 -2.3 -3.0 -0.6 2.9 6.0
272 Periodicals 136 0.0 1.0 1.0 7.2 6.2
273 Books 128 0.2 1.7 1.5 6.4 4.6
274 Miscellaneous publishing 88 1.4 2.8 1.4 5.5 2.7
275 Commercial printing 574 0.9 2.0 1.1 4.3 2.3
276 Manifold business forms 43 -2.3 -3.7 -1.4 0.3 4.1
277 Greeting cards 28 -0.8 1.4 2.2 3.6 2.1
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 66 1.4 0.7 -0.7 2.6 1.9
279 Printing trade services 50 2.2 0.9 -1.3 1.2 0.4
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 82 1.5 1.2 -0.3 2.4 1.3
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 159 3.0 2.5 -0.5 3.7 1.2
283 Drugs 269 1.2 3.5 2.2 6.5 3.0
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 156 2.7 2.9 0.2 4.2 1.2
285 Paints and allied products 52 2.4 0.7 -1.7 3.6 2.9
286 Industrial organic chemicals 138 1.2 0.6 -0.6 4.1 3.5
287 Agricultural chemicals 52 1.9 2.2 0.3 3.0 0.8
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 94 1.9 1.9 0.0 3.6 1.7
291 Petroleum refining 98 4.1 1.4 -2.5 3.7 2.2
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 29 1.9 2.3 0.4 3.0 0.7
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 14 -0.3 1.4 1.7 4.3 2.9
301 Tires and inner tubes 78 4.0 3.0 -1.0 3.4 0.3
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 69 1.2 3.8 2.6 5.8 1.9
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 112 2.3 3.1 0.8 3.4 0.3
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 731 2.7 5.0 2.3 6.4 1.4
314 Footwear, except rubber 41 2.6 -4.6 -7.1 -3.1 1.6
321 Flat glass 17 0.7 1.8 1.0 0.5 -1.2
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 72 2.5 0.8 -1.7 1.0 0.3
323 Products of purchased glass 63 2.3 4.5 2.2 5.6 1.1
324 Cement, hydraulic 17 2.9 1.6 -1.2 2.4 0.7
325 Structural clay products 34 1.5 0.5 -1.0 2.5 2.0
326 Pottery and related products 39 1.5 2.0 0.5 3.3 1.3
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 218 0.9 1.3 0.4 3.6 2.2
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 76 1.2 1.5 0.3 3.1 1.6
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 235 4.9 3.7 -1.1 2.3 -1.4
332 Iron and steel foundries 130 2.0 2.6 0.6 3.4 0.7
333 Primary nonferrous metals 39 1.5 1.5 0.0 3.6 2.1
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 169 1.2 0.9 -0.3 3.7 2.8
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 92 2.4 3.4 1.0 5.0 1.5
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 30 3.5 5.5 1.9 5.0 -0.4
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 38 4.9 0.7 -3.9 -1.0 -1.8
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 126 1.2 0.8 -0.5 2.8 2.0
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 58 2.4 1.9 -0.5 4.3 2.4
344 Fabricated structural metal products 453 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.5 2.4
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 1.9 3.3 1.4 3.8 0.6
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 140 2.1 4.5 2.3 5.6 1.1
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 43 0.1 -5.7 -5.7 -4.7 1.0
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 263 0.6 2.7 2.1 4.8 2.0
351 Engines and turbines 83 3.0 2.3 -0.7 1.2 -1.0
352 Farm and garden machinery 105 3.5 4.9 1.4 5.6 0.7
353 Construction and related machinery 243 2.8 4.6 1.8 4.4 -0.2
354 Metalworking machinery 350 1.7 3.2 1.5 4.8 1.5
355 Special industry machinery 179 2.7 4.5 1.8 4.8 0.3
356 General industrial machinery 264 1.0 2.7 1.7 4.6 1.9
357 Computer and office equipment 376 25.1 22.5 -2.0 1.4 -17.2
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 202 1.4 3.1 1.7 4.0 0.9
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 366 2.6 4.8 2.1 6.0 1.2
361 Electric distribution equipment 82 3.7 1.6 -2.0 2.5 0.9
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 154 5.1 3.7 -1.3 3.8 0.1
363 Household appliances 115 3.3 1.6 -1.6 2.4 0.8
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 181 2.0 1.5 -0.4 3.0 1.4
366 Communications equipment 277 8.3 8.3 0.0 5.8 -2.3
367 Electronic components and accessories 650 19.8 21.0 1.0 5.3 -13.0
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 149 2.2 1.2 -1.0 0.9 -0.3
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 986 1.5 3.4 1.8 4.2 0.8
372 Aircraft and parts 501 1.3 -1.4 -2.7 0.5 1.9
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 158 0.4 -0.9 -1.3 0.4 1.3
374 Railroad equipment 34 6.2 9.3 2.9 6.6 -2.4
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 22 1.9 9.1 7.1 13.1 3.7
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 91 2.4 -5.6 -7.8 -5.4 0.2
381 Search and navigation equipment 161 4.1 -3.1 -6.9 -2.3 0.9
382 Measuring and controlling devices 301 3.7 3.5 -0.3 3.6 0.2
384 Medical instruments and supplies 276 3.9 6.5 2.5 7.9 1.4
385 Ophthalmic goods 35 7.3 6.6 -0.7 5.7 -0.9
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 86 2.0 -0.3 -2.2 0.9 1.2
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 1.6 1.0 -0.5 2.5 1.5
393 Musical instruments 16 -1.7 0.5 2.3 5.4 4.8
394 Toys and sporting goods 111 3.4 5.0 1.5 5.8 0.8
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 2.5 1.8 -0.6 3.3 1.4
396 Costume jewelry and notions 23 1.8 -1.8 -3.5 -0.2 1.6
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 161 0.9 2.6 1.7 4.7 2.0
(1) Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program.