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Internet: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm
Historical, technical					USDL 07-0561
  information:	(202) 691-5618			FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT
Media contact:	(202) 691-5902			THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 2007



                          PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY:
                                 MANUFACTURING, 2005


       Labor productivity -- defined as output per hour -- rose in 2005 in 88 percent of 
the manufacturing industries studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department 
of Labor.  Output (the production of manufactured goods) rose in 83 percent of the 
industries, while hours fell in 65 percent of the industries.  Unit labor costs declined in 69 
percent of manufacturing industries.

       The share of industries with productivity increases over a longer period was even 
greater.  From 1987 to 2005, labor productivity increased in all but one manufacturing 
industry.  Output rose in 80 percent of the industries, while hours fell in 80 percent.  Unit 
labor costs fell in 22 percent of the industries.

       The attached tables present data for all manufacturing subsectors (3-digit) and 
detailed industries (4-digit) as classified in the North American Industry Classification 
System (NAICS).

2004-2005 change

       Labor productivity rose in 2005 in 76 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries.
(See table 1.)  Sixty percent of the industries recorded productivity gains of at least 4.0
percent, and more than a quarter had productivity growth of 8.0 percent or more.  The
largest productivity gain, 38.4 percent, was recorded in computer and peripheral 
equipment manufacturing (NAICS 3341), followed by a 23.7 percent productivity 
increase in apparel knitting mills (NAICS 3151).  Both industries combined strong output 
increases with reductions in labor hours.  Hours fell particularly steeply in the apparel 
manufacturing industries.  Among the ten industries with declining or flat labor 
productivity, the railroad rolling stock manufacturing industry (NAICS 3365) had the 
largest drop, 8.0 percent.

       In 2005, labor productivity increased in each of the three largest detailed 
manufacturing industries.  In motor vehicle parts manufacturing (NAICS 3363), 
productivity increased 4.7 percent.  In printing and related support activities (NAICS 
3231) and plastics product manufacturing (NAICS 3261), productivity rose 4.5 and 2.7 
percent, respectively.  Productivity growth in all three industries resulted from a 
combination of increases in output and declines in labor hours.

       Unit labor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of 
output, fell in 59 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries in 2005.  The largest 
declines in unit labor costs, 18.8 percent and 17.3 percent, occurred respectively in 
computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing (NAICS 3341) and apparel knitting 
mills (NAICS 3151), the industries with the largest productivity gains.

       Productivity increased in 2005 in all 21 manufacturing subsectors.  In 14 of the 
subsectors, productivity rose 5.0 percent or more.  In several subsectors, as in many 
industries, declining hours combined with increasing output to produce large productivity 
gains in 2005.  One of these, the leather and allied products subsector (NAICS 316), recorded 
the largest increase in productivity, 9.8 percent.  The combination of output growth and hours 
declines also resulted in large productivity gains for the textile product mills, chemicals, 
and electrical equipment and appliances subsectors.

Long-term trends

	Between 1987 and 2005, productivity increased in 85 of the 86 detailed 
manufacturing industries studied.  (See table 2.)  Output rose in 69 industries and hours 
fell in 69 industries.  (The industries with increasing output were not always the same as 
those with declining hours.)  Productivity increased fastest in four detailed industries in 
the computer and electronic products manufacturing subsector (NAICS 334).  
Productivity grew an average 24.6 percent per year in computer and peripheral equipment 
(NAICS 3341), 19.0 percent per year in semiconductors and electronic components 
(NAICS 3344), 7.8 percent in audio and video equipment (NAICS 3343), and 7.4 percent 
in communications equipment (NAICS 3342).  The only industry with declining labor 
productivity over the long-term period was accessories and other apparel manufacturing 
(NAICS 3159).  Productivity in this industry fell at an average annual rate of 1.0 percent, 
reflecting a more rapid decline in output than in hours.

	Unit labor costs fell in 19 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries from 1987 
to 2005.  The four industries in the computer and electronic products manufacturing 
subsector (NAICS 334) that posted the fastest productivity increases also had the largest 
declines in unit labor costs.  Unit labor costs fell an average 18.2 percent per year in 
computer and peripheral equipment (NAICS 3341), 13.1 percent in semiconductors and 
other electronic equipment (NAICS 3344), 4.2 percent in communications equipment 
(NAICS 3342), and 2.2 percent in audio and video equipment (NAICS 3343).


                                    Technical Note

Output

      Industry output is measured as sectoral output, the total value in real terms of 
goods and services produced for sale outside the industry.  Wherever possible, the 
indexes of industry output are calculated with a T�rnqvist formula.  This formula 
aggregates the growth rates of the various industry outputs between two periods, using 
their relative shares in industry value of production, averaged over the two periods, as 
weights. 

      Industry output measures for manufacturing industries are constructed using data 
from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Bureau of the Census, U.S.  
Department of Commerce, together with information on price changes primarily from the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Labor Hours

      The industry labor input measures represent the hours of all workers in the 
industry.  The primary source of data on employment and hours is the BLS Current 
Employment Statistics (CES) survey, which provides monthly data on the number of jobs 
held by wage and salary workers employed directly by nonfarm establishments.  The 
CES survey also provides data on the average weekly hours of production and 
nonsupervisory workers in these establishments.
       
      Data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) are used to supplement the CES 
data.  The Division of Industry Productivity Studies (DIPS) estimates the average weekly 
hours of supervisory and nonproduction workers for each industry using data from the 
CPS together with the CES data.  For the industries covered in this release, the hours of 
production and nonproduction workers are treated as homogeneous and are directly 
aggregated.

Labor Productivity

      The industry labor productivity measures describe the relationship between output 
and the labor time involved in its production.  They show the changes from period to 
period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour.  Industry output per hour 
indexes are prepared from data published by various public and private agencies, using 
the greatest level of industry detail available.
      
      Although the labor productivity measures relate output to hours of employees or 
all persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, 
capital, or any other factor of production.  Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many 
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; 
utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of purchased services inputs, 
including contract employment services; the organization of production; managerial skill; 
and the characteristics and effort of the workforce.
      
      Long-term productivity trends tend to be more reliable indicators of the 
performance of an industry than are year-to-year changes.  The annual changes in an 
industry�s output and use of labor may reflect cyclical changes in the economy rather 
than long-term trends.  Also, annual productivity indexes are based on sample data, 
which are likely to differ from data generated by a census of establishments in the 
industry.

Unit Labor Costs
 
      The unit labor cost series represents the cost of labor input required to produce 
one unit of output.  The indexes of unit labor costs for each industry are computed by 
dividing an index of industry labor compensation by an index of industry output.  
Compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to 
the employer of securing the services of labor.  Payroll includes salaries, wages, 
commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in 
kind.  Supplemental payments include legally required expenditures and payments for 
voluntary programs.  The legally required portion consists primarily of Federal old age 
and survivors� insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers� compensation.  
Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by 
legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans.
      
Notes
      The measures in this news release incorporate revised data from the Census 
Bureau�s 2005 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and the annual benchmark 
revision of the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey published in February 
2007.  These measures replace the manufacturing series published in the news release 
Productivity and Costs by Industry: Manufacturing, 2004 (released May 2, 2006) and in 
table 51 of the Monthly Labor Review.  All of the measures for 2005 in this release are 
preliminary and subject to revision.
      
      Published productivity and unit labor cost indexes for selected NAICS industries, 
including the industries covered in this report, can be accessed electronically by visiting 
the Labor Productivity and Costs Web site: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm.  While 
the index numbers and rates of change reported by BLS in this news release are rounded 
to one decimal place, all industry productivity percent changes in this release and on the 
BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to three decimal places.
      
      Measures for selected detailed industries are available upon request by calling the 
Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618) or by sending a request by e-
mail: dipsweb@bls.gov.  Data on industry employment, annual hours, the net value of 
production, and the implicit price deflator for output also are available upon request.
      
      Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be 
used without permission.  Information in this report will be made available to sensory-
impaired individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral 
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.


Table 1.   Percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 2004-2005

                                                                                      Percent change, 2004-2005
                                                                2005     ---------------------------------------------------
 NAICS                       Industry                        Employment   Output                        Total     Unit labor
  code                                                       (thousands) per hour   Output    Hours  compensation   costs

                          Manufacturing

311      Food                                                    1478       5.5       3.6      -1.8       2.9       -0.7
3111         Animal food                                           49      11.1       8.8      -2.0       5.0       -3.5
3112         Grain and oilseed milling                             61       5.7       5.9       0.2       4.9       -0.9
3113         Sugar and confectionery products                      79      11.1       2.5      -7.7       1.9       -0.6
3114         Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty         174       4.6       0.2      -4.2       7.1        6.9
3115         Dairy products                                       132       2.0       5.3       3.2       4.6       -0.7
3116         Animal slaughtering and processing                   504       8.7       5.2      -3.3       1.6       -3.4
3117         Seafood product preparation and packaging             41      14.8       5.1      -8.4       7.5        2.3
3118         Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing                  280       1.4       0.9      -0.5      -1.2       -2.1
3119         Other food products                                  159      -3.3       0.1       3.5       4.7        4.6

312      Beverages and tobacco products                           192       5.6       5.0      -0.6       3.9       -1.0
3121         Beverages                                            167       4.6       5.2       0.6       3.8       -1.3
3122         Tobacco and tobacco products                          25      13.0       4.5      -7.5       4.3       -0.2

313      Textile mills                                            218       6.6      -1.3      -7.5      -5.8       -4.5
3131         Fiber, yarn, and thread mills                         50      -2.4      -3.4      -1.1      -4.8       -1.4
3132         Fabric mills                                         104       8.6      -3.0     -10.7      -7.6       -4.7
3133         Textile and fabric finishing mills                    63       9.5       1.9      -7.0      -2.6       -4.4

314      Textile product mills                                    170       8.8       5.3      -3.2      -2.5       -7.4
3141         Textile furnishings mills                             96      10.5       5.6      -4.4      -4.8       -9.9
3149         Other textile product mills                           74       6.2       4.6      -1.5       0.2       -4.2

315      Apparel                                                  257       7.6      -3.4     -10.2      -8.1       -4.9
3151         Apparel knitting mills                                37      23.7      11.0     -10.2      -8.2      -17.3
3152         Cut and sew apparel                                  200       4.3      -6.7     -10.5      -8.7       -2.2
3159         Accessories and other apparel                         21      15.2       6.5      -7.5      -3.0       -8.9

316      Leather and allied products                               40       9.8       4.2      -5.1       1.2       -2.9
3161         Leather and hide tanning and finishing                 7      10.3      -0.7     -10.0      -2.5       -1.9
3162         Footwear                                              18       6.9       2.2      -4.4      -2.0       -4.1
3169         Other leather products                                15      14.1      10.1      -3.5       7.6       -2.2

321      Wood products                                            560       6.5       6.7       0.2       5.0       -1.5
3211         Sawmills and wood preservation                       119       8.2       7.7      -0.5       5.0       -2.5
3212         Plywood and engineered wood products                 123       7.2       8.1       0.8       5.9       -2.0
3219         Other wood products                                  317       5.2       5.4       0.2       4.7       -0.7

322      Paper and paper products                                 484       1.5       0.5      -1.1       1.3        0.8
3221         Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                    142       0.6       0.0      -0.6       2.1        2.1
3222         Converted paper products                             343       2.1       0.8      -1.2       0.7       -0.1

323      Printing and related support activities *                646       4.5       2.3      -2.2       0.6       -1.7

324      Petroleum and coal products *                            112       0.3       0.2      -0.1       8.8        8.7

325      Chemicals                                                872       5.5       1.9      -3.4       3.8        1.9
3251         Basic chemicals                                      150       5.7      -0.7      -6.0       0.6        1.3
3252         Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers                 108       4.8       3.8      -1.0       7.2        3.3
3253         Agricultural chemicals                                40      14.2       9.6      -4.1       1.2       -7.6
3254         Pharmaceuticals and medicines                        288       3.6       0.8      -2.7       7.1        6.2
3255         Paints, coatings, and adhesives                       68       3.6       1.3      -2.3       1.2       -0.1
3256         Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries            114      12.8       7.7      -4.5       4.3       -3.2
3259         Other chemical products and preparations             104       1.8      -1.2      -3.0      -0.2        1.0

326      Plastics and rubber products                             804       3.1       1.2      -1.9       2.4        1.2
3261         Plastics products                                    635       2.7       1.2      -1.5       2.8        1.6
3262         Rubber products                                      168       4.3       0.8      -3.4       0.6       -0.1

327      Nonmetallic mineral products                             505       5.4       4.0      -1.3       4.4        0.4
3271        Clay products and refractories                         62       6.6       2.9      -3.5       1.2       -1.7
3272         Glass and glass products                             108       7.8       0.3      -6.9       0.1       -0.2
3273         Cement and concrete products                         240       2.6       4.8       2.1       7.3        2.5
3274         Lime and gypsum products                              20      12.1       7.4      -4.2       9.2        1.7
3279         Other nonmetallic mineral products                    76       6.9       5.6      -1.2       3.8       -1.7

331      Primary metals                                           466       1.8       1.8       0.0       0.9       -0.9
3311         Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production        96      -2.6      -1.9       0.7      -2.5       -0.6
3312         Steel products from purchased steel                   61       2.1       4.2       2.0       2.6       -1.5
3313         Alumina and aluminum production                       73      12.0      11.4      -0.6       3.8       -6.8
3314         Other nonferrous metal production                     72      -0.5       1.5       2.0       3.5        1.9
3315         Foundries                                            164       3.3       1.4      -1.8       1.6        0.1

332      Fabricated metal products                               1522       2.6       4.2       1.6       3.4       -0.8
3321         Forging and stamping                                 111       3.3       4.2       0.9       4.0       -0.2
3322         Cutlery and hand tools                                56       8.2       2.7      -5.0       0.6       -2.1
3323         Architectural and structural metals                  398       2.5       6.8       4.2       3.4       -3.2
3324         Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers               91       0.4      -0.4      -0.9       2.0        2.4
3325         Hardware                                              36       5.1      -4.5      -9.2      -6.2       -1.8
3326         Spring and wire products                              59       9.3       2.7      -6.0       3.3        0.6
3327         Machine shops and threaded products                  345       0.6       5.3       4.6       6.2        0.9
3328         Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals         145       8.5       9.7       1.1       3.2       -5.9
3329         Other fabricated metal products                      282       1.3       2.1       0.8       2.6        0.6

333      Machinery                                               1163       5.3       6.9       1.5       4.1       -2.6
3331         Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery      208       4.3      12.5       7.8       5.1       -6.5
3332         Industrial machinery                                 124      -3.6      -2.1       1.6       2.8        4.9
3333         Commercial and service industry machinery            111       6.6       0.6      -5.6       5.2        4.6
3334         HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment          153       3.7       4.5       0.9       5.4        0.8
3335         Metalworking machinery                               202       8.1       7.2      -0.8       4.1       -2.8
3336         Turbine and power transmission equipment              98       3.7       9.2       5.2       3.4       -5.3
3339         Other general purpose machinery                      268       7.9       8.8       0.9       3.7       -4.8

334      Computer and electronic products                        1306       6.2       6.5       0.3      -1.0       -7.0
3341         Computer and peripheral equipment                    205      38.4      28.0      -7.5       3.9      -18.8
3342         Communications equipment                             147      -2.7      -1.7       1.0      -9.7       -8.2
3343         Audio and video equipment                             32       0.0       0.4       0.4       1.5        1.1
3344         Semiconductors and electronic components             452       7.1       6.6      -0.4       2.9       -3.5
3345         Electronic instruments                               436      -3.9       1.2       5.3      -1.3       -2.5
3346         Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction         35       0.7      -3.2      -3.9      -9.3       -6.4

335      Electrical equipment and appliances                      434       5.3       2.1      -3.1       1.3       -0.8
3351         Electric lighting equipment                           61       8.9       4.2      -4.3       3.3       -0.8
3352         Household appliances                                  85       3.4      -0.4      -3.7      -5.3       -4.9
3353         Electrical equipment                                 152       5.4       1.5      -3.6       5.2        3.6
3359         Other electrical equipment and components            136       5.2       3.7      -1.5       0.4       -3.1

336      Transportation equipment                                1772       4.1       4.4       0.3      -0.2       -4.4
3361         Motor vehicles                                       248       3.5      -0.2      -3.6      -2.4       -2.1
3362         Motor vehicle bodies and trailers                    171       3.2       6.0       2.8       6.2        0.2
3363         Motor vehicle parts                                  678       4.7       1.3      -3.2      -4.0       -5.2
3364         Aerospace products and parts                         455      11.3      16.2       4.4       3.8      -10.7
3365         Railroad rolling stock                                27      -8.0       3.2      12.2       3.5        0.3
3366         Ship and boat building                               153      -4.0       2.5       6.7       0.3       -2.1
3369         Other transportation equipment                        40       8.7       9.9       1.1      15.0        4.6

337      Furniture and related products                           566       5.6       3.8      -1.7       1.9       -1.8
3371         Household and institutional furniture                380       6.8       4.2      -2.4       1.6       -2.5
3372         Office furniture and fixtures                        133       4.3       3.6      -0.7       2.1       -1.5
3379         Other furniture-related products                      52       1.7       2.0       0.4       3.4        1.4

339      Miscellaneous manufacturing                              652       8.3       7.7      -0.5       4.0       -3.4
3391         Medical equipment and supplies                       305       7.8      10.9       2.9       7.5       -3.1
3399         Other miscellaneous manufacturing                    348       8.1       4.4      -3.4       0.6       -3.6

  * 3-digit industry is the same as the 4-digit.


Table 2.  Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2005

                                                                   Average annual percent change, 1987-2005
                                                             ----------------------------------------------------
 NAICS                        Industry                         Output                        Total     Unit labor
  code                                                        per hour   Output    Hours  compensation   costs

                            Manufacturing

311      Food                                                    1.5       1.7       0.2       3.2       1.4
3111         Animal food                                         3.9       2.5      -1.3       3.3       0.8
3112         Grain and oilseed milling                           3.0       1.8      -1.2       2.2       0.4
3113         Sugar and confectionery products                    2.3       1.2      -1.0       2.3       1.1
3114         Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty        2.0       1.6      -0.4       2.9       1.3
3115         Dairy products                                      1.6       1.0      -0.5       3.2       2.1
3116         Animal slaughtering and processing                  1.0       2.4       1.3       3.6       1.2
3117         Seafood product preparation and packaging           2.3       1.1      -1.2       3.2       2.1
3118         Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing                 0.7       0.8       0.0       2.5       1.7
3119         Other food products                                 0.9       2.1       1.2       4.8       2.7

312      Beverages and tobacco products                          1.4       0.3      -1.1       1.6       1.4
3121         Beverages                                           2.5       1.8      -0.6       2.0       0.2
3122         Tobacco and tobacco products                        1.5      -2.0      -3.4       0.2       2.3

313      Textile mills                                           3.9      -1.1      -4.9      -1.6      -0.5
3131         Fiber, yarn, and thread mills                       4.6       0.1      -4.3      -1.2      -1.3
3132         Fabric mills                                        4.5      -1.5      -5.8      -1.5       0.0
3133         Textile and fabric finishing mills                  2.4      -1.3      -3.6      -2.3      -1.0

314      Textile product mills                                   2.1       1.0      -1.0       1.6       0.5
3141         Textile furnishings mills                           2.2       1.1      -1.1       0.6      -0.4
3149         Other textile product mills                         1.8       0.9      -0.9       2.8       1.8

315      Apparel                                                 2.5      -4.9      -7.2      -4.8       0.1
3151         Apparel knitting mills                              2.5      -3.9      -6.3      -4.7      -0.8
3152         Cut and sew apparel                                 2.7      -5.1      -7.6      -5.0       0.1
3159         Accessories and other apparel                      -1.0      -4.2      -3.2      -2.6       1.7

316      Leather and allied products                             2.9      -4.0      -6.8      -3.0       1.1
3161         Leather and hide tanning and finishing              0.7      -3.5      -4.2      -1.3       2.3
3162         Footwear                                            1.9      -6.8      -8.5      -4.5       2.5
3169         Other leather products                              2.5      -2.4      -4.8      -1.8       0.6

321      Wood products                                           1.4       1.3      -0.2       3.5       2.2
3211         Sawmills and wood preservation                      2.8       1.4      -1.4       2.2       0.8
3212         Plywood and engineered wood products                0.6       1.6       1.0       3.8       2.2
3219         Other wood products                                 1.1       1.0      -0.1       3.9       2.9

322      Paper and paper products                                2.1       0.6      -1.5       1.9       1.3
3221         Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                   3.4       0.3      -3.0       1.0       0.7
3222         Converted paper products                            1.4       0.7      -0.7       2.6       1.9

323      Printing and related support activities *               1.1       0.3      -0.8       1.8       1.5

324      Petroleum and coal products *                           3.1       1.3      -1.8       4.2       2.8

325      Chemicals                                               2.4       1.8      -0.6       3.3       1.5
3251         Basic chemicals                                     3.1       0.5      -2.5       2.3       1.8
3252         Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers                2.8       1.3      -1.5       2.0       0.7
3253         Agricultural chemicals                              2.9       1.5      -1.3       1.8       0.3
3254         Pharmaceuticals and medicines                       1.2       4.0       2.8       6.5       2.4
3255         Paints, coatings, and adhesives                     1.8       0.7      -1.1       2.5       1.8
3256         Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries           3.3       2.7      -0.6       2.9       0.2
3259         Other chemical products and preparations            2.8       0.6      -2.1       1.6       1.0

326      Plastics and rubber products                            2.8       2.8       0.0       3.7       0.9
3261         Plastics products                                   2.8       3.2       0.4       4.2       1.0
3262         Rubber products                                     2.6       1.4      -1.2       2.2       0.8

327      Nonmetallic mineral products                            1.5       1.4      -0.1       2.7       1.3
3271        Clay products and refractories                       1.6      -0.2      -1.8       1.0       1.1
3272         Glass and glass products                            2.2       0.8      -1.4       1.4       0.5
3273         Cement and concrete products                        0.7       2.0       1.3       4.0       2.0
3274         Lime and gypsum products                            1.6       0.7      -0.9       3.1       2.4
3279         Other nonmetallic mineral products                  2.0       1.5      -0.5       3.0       1.5

331      Primary metals                                          2.8       0.8      -2.0       1.0       0.2
3311         Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production      5.2       1.9      -3.1       0.0      -1.9
3312         Steel products from purchased steel                 0.7       0.1      -0.6       1.5       1.4
3313         Alumina and aluminum production                     3.0       0.7      -2.2       1.4       0.7
3314         Other nonferrous metal production                   1.3      -0.8      -2.1       1.6       2.4
3315         Foundries                                           2.5       1.1      -1.4       1.7       0.6

332      Fabricated metal products                               1.6       1.4      -0.2       2.6       1.2
3321         Forging and stamping                                3.0       2.0      -1.1       2.0       0.0
3322         Cutlery and hand tools                              1.7      -0.1      -1.7       1.6       1.7
3323         Architectural and structural metals                 1.1       1.8       0.7       3.5       1.6
3324         Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers             0.5      -0.5      -1.0       1.2       1.7
3325         Hardware                                            2.3      -1.0      -3.2      -0.3       0.7
3326         Spring and wire products                            3.3       1.6      -1.6       2.4       0.8
3327         Machine shops and threaded products                 2.3       3.3       1.0       4.2       0.8
3328         Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals        3.3       3.6       0.3       3.5      -0.1
3329         Other fabricated metal products                     1.2       0.3      -0.9       1.7       1.4

333      Machinery                                               2.7       1.9      -0.9       2.1       0.2
3331         Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery     3.2       3.2       0.0       2.5      -0.7
3332         Industrial machinery                                2.7       1.9      -0.8       2.5       0.6
3333         Commercial and service industry machinery           1.5      -0.3      -1.8       0.4       0.7
3334         HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment         2.8       2.4      -0.4       2.6       0.2
3335         Metalworking machinery                              2.2       0.8      -1.4       1.7       0.9
3336         Turbine and power transmission equipment            2.8       2.1      -0.7       1.1      -0.9
3339         Other general purpose machinery                     2.8       1.9      -0.9       2.7       0.9

334      Computer and electronic products                       13.1      10.4      -2.4       0.8      -8.7
3341         Computer and peripheral equipment                  24.6      19.5      -4.1      -2.3     -18.2
3342         Communications equipment                            7.4       4.8      -2.5       0.3      -4.2
3343         Audio and video equipment                           7.8       4.2      -3.3       1.9      -2.2
3344         Semiconductors and electronic components           19.0      17.2      -1.5       1.9     -13.1
3345         Electronic instruments                              3.9       1.4      -2.4       1.2      -0.2
3346         Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction       2.9       2.8      -0.1       1.8      -0.9

335      Electrical equipment and appliances                     3.1       0.6      -2.4       1.3       0.7
3351         Electric lighting equipment                         2.2       0.5      -1.6       1.7       1.2
3352         Household appliances                                4.6       2.0      -2.5       1.0      -1.0
3353         Electrical equipment                                3.0       0.0      -2.9       1.2       1.2
3359         Other electrical equipment and components           2.4       0.3      -2.1       1.4       1.1

336      Transportation equipment                                2.9       1.9      -1.1       1.6      -0.2
3361         Motor vehicles                                      3.8       2.5      -1.2       2.2      -0.3
3362         Motor vehicle bodies and trailers                   1.7       3.0       1.3       5.0       1.9
3363         Motor vehicle parts                                 3.4       3.8       0.3       2.6      -1.1
3364         Aerospace products and parts                        2.1      -1.2      -3.2      -0.2       1.0
3365         Railroad rolling stock                              4.4       4.8       0.3       2.9      -1.7
3366         Ship and boat building                              1.9       1.1      -0.8       2.1       1.0
3369         Other transportation equipment                      5.2       5.5       0.3       4.3      -1.2

337      Furniture and related products                          2.2       1.8      -0.4       3.0       1.2
3371         Household and institutional furniture               2.0       1.6      -0.4       3.1       1.4
3372         Office furniture and fixtures                       2.6       1.7      -0.9       2.7       1.0
3379         Other furniture-related products                    2.0       2.6       0.6       3.7       1.1

339      Miscellaneous manufacturing                             3.3       3.3       0.0       4.6       1.2
3391         Medical equipment and supplies                      3.8       4.8       1.0       5.7       0.8
3399         Other miscellaneous manufacturing                   2.7       2.0      -0.7       3.6       1.6

  * 3-digit industry is the same as the 4-digit.