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JULY 14, 1999

Producer Price Indexes -- June 1999
The Producer Price Index for Finished Goods declined 0.1 percent in
June, seasonally adjusted, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. This decrease follows a 0.2-percent
increase in May and a 0.5-percent advance in April. The index for finished
goods other than foods and energy fell 0.2 percent in June, after rising
0.1 percent a month earlier. Excluding a 1.3-percent decline in passenger
cars and a 0.7-percent decrease in light motor trucks, the indexes for
finished goods and for finished goods other than foods and energy showed no
change in June. Prices received by manufacturers of intermediate goods
rose 0.4 percent, following a 0.2-percent increase in the prior month. The
crude goods index advanced 1.4 percent, after rising 5.5 percent in May.
(See table A.)
Table A. Monthly and annual percent changes in selected stage-ofprocessing price indexes, seasonally adjusted
Finished
goods
Except

Month

Total

Foods

foods
and
Energy energy

Change in
finished
goods
from 12
months
ago
(unadj.)

Intermediate Crude
goods

goods

1998
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

-0.2
.2
-.3
.2
.3
-.2
.5

-0.1
.5
-.3
.2
.4
-.4
0

-0.8
-.1
-1.9
-.4
.8
-1.3
-1.8

-0.1
.2
0
.3
.1
.1
1.0

-0.7
-.2
-.8
-.9
-.7
-.6
0

-0.3
0
-.3
-.3
-.2
-.2
-.7

-2.7
.1
-4.2
-1.8
2.5
-.1
-3.6

1999
Jan.
.3
1.5
.8
-.2
.8
0
.6
Feb.
r -.5 r -1.2 r -1.1
.1
.5 r -.3 r -2.3
Mar.
r .4
r .3 r 2.0
0
.8
r .4
r .8
Apr.
.5
-.9
5.1
.1
1.1
.6
1.3
May
.2
.5
0
.1
1.4
.2
5.5
June
-.1
.4
-.3
-.2
1.5
.4
1.4
r=revised. Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in
this release may differ from those previously reported because
data for February 1999 have been revised to reflect the
availability of late reports and corrections by respondents.
Among finished goods, capital equipment declined, after increasing in
May. The indexes for finished energy goods and for finished consumer goods
other than foods and energy fell, after showing no change in the previous
month. Finished consumer foods prices rose slightly less than in the prior
month.
During the first six months of 1999, the Finished Goods Price Index
advanced at a 1.5-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate, after rising at
a 1.4-percent rate during the latter half of 1998. Prices for finished
energy goods rose at a 13.5-percent annual rate in the first half of this
year, following a 9.1-percent rate of decline during the final six months
of last year. The index for finished consumer foods increased at a 1.2percent seasonally adjusted annual rate from December 1998 to June 1999,
after increasing at a 1.0-percent rate in the previous six-month period.
Prices for finished goods other than foods and energy fell at a 0.4-percent
annual rate during the first half of 1999, following a 3.5-percent rate of
increase for the last six months of 1998. The Intermediate Goods Price
Index advanced at a 2.5-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate for the
first half of this year, following a 3.4-percent rate of decline during the
final six months of last year. The Crude Goods Price Index increased at a
seasonally adjusted annual rate of 15.1 percent from December 1998 to June
1999, after falling at a 13.7-percent rate in the second half of 1998.
Before seasonal adjustment, the Producer Price Index for Finished

Goods rose 0.2 percent in June to stand at 132.7 (1982=100). From June
1998 through June 1999, the Finished Goods Price Index advanced 1.5
percent. During the same period, prices for finished goods other than
foods and energy also increased 1.5 percent, while the finished energy
goods index rose 1.6 percent, and prices for finished consumer foods
advanced 1.1 percent. Prices received by producers of intermediate goods
declined 0.5 percent for the 12 months ended in June, and the index for
crude goods fell 0.4 percent during the same period.
Table B. Monthly and annual percent changes in selected price indexes for
intermediate goods and crude goods, seasonally adjusted
Intermediate
goods

Month
1998
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

Foods
-0.6
.4
-.4
-.9
-.4
.8
-.6

Crude goods

Change in
intermedi
ate
Exclud
goods
ing
from
foods 12 months
and
ago
Energy energy (unadj.)
-1.1
0
-1.5
-.5
1.0
-1.1
-3.5

-0.1
-.1
-.1
-.3
-.3
-.2
-.2

-1.8
-1.6
-2.1
-2.5
-2.5
-2.9
-3.3

Change in
Excludi crude goods
ng
from
Energy
foods
12 months
and
ago
Foods (unadj.) energy
(unadj.)
0.4
-3.4
-1.1
-.9
3.2
-.6
-4.3

-8.0
6.0
-9.0
-3.6
5.5
2.0
-4.0

-0.4
-1.5
-2.8
-1.2
-3.0
-2.2
-1.7

-8.9
-8.4
-12.3
-15.1
-16.6
-18.4
-16.7

1999
Jan.
.6
.8
-.2
-2.7
4.9
-5.0
.2
-11.4
Feb. r -1.9 r -.9
-.1
-2.7 r -3.0 r -3.6
r 1.2
r-11.9
Mar. r -1.5 r 2.7
.1
-2.0 r -.7 r 4.3
r -1.0
-10.0
Apr.
-1.8
4.5
.2
-1.4
-2.5
8.5
-1.1
-9.9
May
.5
.4
.2
-1.1
2.2
11.9
2.3
-4.4
June
.7
-.2
.5
-.5
.4
3.1
.5
-.4
r=revised. Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this
release may differ from those previously reported because data
for February 1999 have been revised to reflect the availability of
late reports and corrections by respondents.
Finished goods

Capital equipment prices fell 0.3 percent in June, after registering a
0.2-percent gain in May. The light motor trucks index declined 0.7
percent, following a 0.8-percent advance a month earlier. Radio and
television communication equipment prices decreased, after showing no
change in the previous month. The indexes for civilian aircraft and
construction machinery and equipment fell, following increases a month ago.
Heavy motor truck prices were unchanged, after rising in the prior month.
The commercial furniture index rose less than in May. Conversely, railroad
equipment prices advanced 1.4 percent in June, after edging up 0.1 percent
in May. The electronic computers index fell less than a month earlier.
Prices for industrial material handing equipment rose, after showing no
change in the previous month. The capital equipment index declined at a
0.3-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate during the first six months of
1999, after increasing at a 0.6-percent rate from June 1998 to December
1998.
The index for finished consumer goods other than foods and energy
declined 0.1 percent in June, after showing no change in May. Prices for
passenger cars fell 1.3 percent, following a 0.7-percent rise in the prior
month. Other noteworthy June price decreases occurred for light motor
trucks, women's apparel, men's and boys' apparel, and household furniture.
By contrast, the indexes for sanitary papers and health products, alcoholic
beverages, cosmetics and other toilet preparations, prescription drugs, and
soft surface floor coverings registered increases in June. For the first
half of 1999, the index for finished consumer goods other than foods and
energy fell at a 0.5-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate, following a
5.6-percent rate of increase for the last six months of 1998.
The finished energy goods index decreased 0.3 percent in June, after
posting no change in May. Prices for residential electric power declined
1.1 percent, following a 0.5-percent drop in the prior month. The home
heating oil index fell, after rising a month ago. Liquefied petroleum gas
prices rose less than a month earlier. By contrast, the residential
natural gas index increased 0.9 percent in June, following a 0.5-percent
advance in May. Gasoline prices fell less than in the prior month.
The
index for finished lubricants rose, after falling in the previous month.
The finished consumer foods index advanced 0.4 percent in June,
following a 0.5-percent increase in May. Rising prices for beef and veal,
fresh and dry vegetables, dairy products, finfish and shellfish, processed
turkeys, and for processed fruits and vegetables more than offset falling
prices for fresh fruits and melons, pork, bakery products, and soft drinks.
Intermediate goods

The Producer Price Index for Intermediate Materials, Supplies, and
Components increased 0.4 percent in June, following a 0.2-percent advance
in May. Price increases for materials for nondurable manufacturing,
materials and components for construction, and intermediate foods and feeds
rose more than in the previous month. By contrast, the index for
intermediate energy goods turned down, after rising for three consecutive
months. Durable manufacturing material prices increased less than in the
prior month. Excluding foods and energy, the index for intermediate
materials rose 0.5 percent (the largest one-month increase since a 0.7percent advance in April 1995), following a 0.2-percent increase in May.
(See table B.)
The index for materials for nondurable manufacturing rose 0.9 percent
in June, following a 0.2-percent increase in the previous month.
Industrial chemical prices turned up 1.9 percent, after falling 0.3 percent
in the prior month. The indexes for finished fabrics and for medicinal and
botanical chemicals also rose, following declines in the previous month.
Prices for plastic resins and materials rose faster than a month ago.
Conversely, the index for paint materials turned down 1.1 percent, after
posting a 1.9-percent gain in the prior month. Paper prices also fell in
June, following an increase last month. The gray fabrics index decreased
more than in the previous month. Prices for materials for nondurable
manufacturing increased at a 1.6-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate
during the first six months of 1999, after declining at a 6.8-percent rate
during the last six months of 1998.
Prices for materials and components for construction advanced 0.8
percent in June, after edging up 0.1 percent in May. The index for plywood
rose 9.7 percent, following a 5.1-percent increase in the previous month.
Prices for softwood lumber, millwork, gypsum products, and plastic
construction products rose more than a month ago. On the other hand, the
index for nonferrous wire and cable decreased 1.2 percent in June, after
rising 1.2 percent in the previous month. Prices for cement and for air
conditioning and refrigeration equipment also turned down, after increasing
last month. The index for materials and components for construction
increased at a 3.6-percent seasonally adjusted annual rate during the first
half of 1999, after rising at a 0.1-percent rate during the second half of
1998.
The index for intermediate foods and feeds advanced 0.7 percent in
June, after rising 0.5 percent in May. The beef and veal index turned up
8.2 percent, following a 0.2-percent rate of decline a month ago. Prices
for prepared animal feeds, confectionery materials, and for natural,
processed, and imitation cheese also rose, after declining in the prior

month. The indexes for fluid milk products and butter advanced faster than
last month. By contrast, pork prices turned down 5.2 percent, following an
8.3-percent gain in the previous month. The refined sugar index also
declined, after rising in the prior month. Prices for crude vegetable oils
decreased more than a month ago. The index for flour increased less than
in May. Prices for intermediate foods and feeds declined at a 6.7-percent
seasonally adjusted annual rate during the first six months of 1999, after
falling at a 2.4-percent rate during the last six months of 1998.
Prices for intermediate energy goods turned down 0.2 percent in June,
following a 0.4-percent increase in May. The index for commercial electric
power dropped 2.1-percent, after posting a 0.1-percent decline in the
previous month. Prices for industrial electric power also fell more than
in May. The indexes for liquefied petroleum gas, residual fuels,
industrial natural gas, and commercial natural gas rose less than in the
prior month. Conversely, the index for No. 2 diesel fuel jumped 9.3
percent in June, after registering a 2.3-percent decline in the prior
month. Prices for jet fuels and gasoline fell less than a month ago. The
index for intermediate energy goods advanced at a 15.2-percent seasonally
adjusted annual rate during the first half of 1999, after decreasing at a
10.8-percent rate during the second half of 1998.
The index for materials for durable manufacturing increased 0.7
percent in June, after rising 0.8 percent in May. Price increases for
steel mill products, plywood, flat glass, and aluminum mill shapes
outweighed declining prices for primary nonferrous metals, copper and brass
mill shapes, cement, and hardwood lumber. From December 1998 through June
1999, the index for materials for durable manufacturing increased at a 1.1percent seasonally adjusted annual rate, following a 5.8-percent rate of
decline during the latter half of 1998.
Crude Goods
The Producer Price Index for Crude Materials for Further Processing
increased 1.4 percent in June, seasonally adjusted, following a 5.5-percent
rise in May. Prices for crude energy materials rose 3.1 percent, after an
11.9-percent advance in the prior month. The indexes for crude foodstuffs
and feedstuffs and basic industrial materials also rose less than in the
previous month. (See table B.)
Prices for crude energy materials rose 3.1 percent in June, following
an 11.9-percent jump in May. Natural gas prices rose 5.3 percent, after a
17.2-percent gain in the previous month. The crude petroleum index
increased 3.4 percent, following an 11.3-percent advance in the prior
month. Coal prices turned down 1.7 percent, after rising 2.0 percent a

month ago. The index for crude energy materials increased at a 42.7percent seasonally adjusted annual rate during the first half of 1999,
following a 7.9-percent rate of decrease in the last half of 1998.
The index for crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs rose 0.4 percent,
following a 2.2-percent increase in May. Prices for slaughter broilers and
fryers turned down 4.2 percent, after advancing 10.0 percent in the prior
month. The indexes for alfalfa hay, corn, slaughter hogs, and for fresh
fruits and melons also fell, after rising in the previous month. On the
other hand, slaughter cattle prices turned up 3.8-percent, following a 0.9percent decline a month ago. The indexes for fluid milk and fresh
vegetables, except potatoes, also rose, after falling in the prior month.
The index for Irish potatoes for processing advanced, after showing no
change a month ago. From December 1998 through June 1999, prices for crude
foodstuffs and feedstuffs rose at a 2.0-percent seasonally adjusted annual
rate, after declining at a 13.5-percent rate in the second half of 1998.
Prices for basic industrial materials rose 0.5 percent in June,
following a 2.3-percent rise in May. The index for nonferrous metal ores
dropped 7.0 percent, after rising 5.4 percent in the prior month. Prices
for copper base scrap and cattle hides also turned down, after advancing a
month ago. The iron and steel scrap index rose less than in the previous
month. By contrast, wastepaper prices turned up 18.8 percent, following a
0.2-percent decline in the prior month. The phosphates index also rose,
after falling in the previous month. Pulpwood log prices decreased less
than a month ago. The softwood logs, bolts, and timber index increased
more than in May. Prices for basic industrial materials increased at a
seasonally adjusted annual rate of 4.1 percent in the first six months of
1999, following a 22.2-percent rate of decline in the latter half of 1998.
Net output price indexes for mining, manufacturing, and other industries
Mining. The Producer Price Index for the net output of total domestic
mining industries advanced 2.6 percent in June, following a 9.3-percent
increase in May. (Net output price indexes are not seasonally adjusted.)
During the first half of 1999, this index rose at an annual rate of 30.1
percent, after declining at a 7.9 percent rate for the latter half of 1998.
In June, price increases for the crude petroleum and natural gas industries
slowed to 5.2 percent from 15.2 percent in May. The indexes for the
bituminous coal and lignite and for the copper ores industries turned down,
after rising in the prior month. By contrast, prices for the crushed and
broken granite industry and the potash, soda, and borate minerals industry
turned up in June, after falling in May. In June, the Producer Price Index
for the net output of total domestic mining industries stood at 76.2
(December 1984=100), 9.5 percent above its year-ago level.

Manufacturing. The Producer Price Index for the net output of total
domestic manufacturing industries rose 0.1 percent in June, after
increasing 0.2 percent in May. During the first half of 1999, this index
increased at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, following a 0.5-percent annual
rate of decline for the second half of 1998. In June, the index for the
petroleum refining industry group fell 1.7 percent, after rising 2.5
percent in the prior month. Among other manufacturing industries in June,
prices for the transportation equipment industry group fell, after showing
no change in the previous month. Price increases slowed from May to June
for the industry group for food and kindred products. The index for the
measuring and controlling instruments industry group turned down 0.5
percent, after increasing 0.3 percent in the previous month. By contrast,
the index for the chemicals and allied products industry group turned up
0.7 percent, after falling 0.5 percent a month earlier. Prices for the
lumber and wood products (except furniture) industry group increased 2.2
percent, following a 0.9-percent rise in the previous month. In June, the
Producer Price Index for the net output of domestic manufacturing
industries stood at 127.8 (December 1984=100), 1.3 percent higher than its
year-ago level.
Other. Among other industries in June, prices for deep sea foreign
transportation of freight advanced 30.1 percent, after decreasing 0.8
percent in May. Prices for real estate agents and managers, scheduled air
transportation, passenger car rental, hotels and motels, and travel
agencies also rose, after declining a month earlier. The index for
trucking (except local) rose, after showing no change in the prior month.
By contrast, price increases for radio broadcasting slowed to 0.1 percent
in June from 3.6 percent in May. Prices for building cleaning and
maintenance services, life insurance carriers, and for airports, flying
fields, and airport services turned down, after rising a month earlier.
The index for telephone communications (except radiotelephone) was
unchanged in June, after moving up in May.
*****
Producer Price Index data for July 1999 will be
released on Friday, August 13, 1999 at 8:30 a.m. (E.D.T.)
*****
Information in this news release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-6065897; TDD Message Referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.

Table 1. Producer price indexes and percent changes by stage of processing
(1982=100)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|Unadjusted
|
|
|
| percent
|Seasonally adjusted
| Relative |
Unadjusted index
|change to
|percent change from:
Grouping
|importance|
|June 1999 from:|
|
|_______________________|_______________|__________________________
|
Dec.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Feb.
| May
|June
| June | May |Mar. to|Apr. to | May to
|
1998 1/|1999 2/|1999 2/|1999 2/| 1998 | 1999 | Apr. |
May | June
_________________________________________________|__________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_________|________
|
Finished goods...................................| 100.000
130.8
132.4
132.7
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
-0.1
Finished consumer goods........................|
74.783
129.0
131.1
131.6
1.9
.4
.6
.2
.1
Finished consumer foods......................|
23.285
134.1
134.4
135.3
1.1
.7
-.9
.5
.4
Crude......................................|
1.701
122.6
126.1
126.5
7.3
.3
-2.5
-1.2
-1.3
Processed..................................|
21.584
135.0
135.1
135.9
.7
.6
-.7
.7
.6
Finished consumer goods, excluding foods.....|
51.498
126.6
129.5
129.9
2.3
.3
1.3
0
-.2
Nondurable goods less foods................|
35.202
122.2
126.5
127.2
3.1
.6
1.8
-.2
0
Durable goods..............................|
16.296
133.5
132.9
132.4
.5
-.4
.1
.3
-.4
Capital equipment..............................|
25.217
138.0
137.8
137.4
.1
-.3
0
.2
-.3
Manufacturing industries.....................|
6.607
138.5
138.5
138.4
.4
-.1
0
.1
-.1
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
18.610
137.7
137.4
137.0
.1
-.3
0
.3
-.4
|
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components.| 100.000
120.4
122.1
122.9
-.5
.7
.6
.2
.4
Materials and components for manufacturing.....|
47.713
123.5
123.6
124.2
-1.7
.5
-.2
.2
.5
Materials for food manufacturing.............|
3.633
122.2
119.1
120.1
-2.4
.8
-2.5
.7
.8
Materials for nondurable manufacturing.......|
15.730
122.5
123.0
124.0
-2.7
.8
.2
.2
.9
Materials for durable manufacturing..........|
10.415
123.2
124.2
125.0
-2.4
.6
-.2
.8
.7
Components for manufacturing.................|
17.935
125.7
125.6
125.6
-.3
0
.1
-.1
0
Materials and components for construction......|
14.004
147.3
148.3
149.4
1.8
.7
.1
.1
.8
Processed fuels and lubricants.................|
11.845
74.9
82.2
84.1
1.2
2.3
4.4
.4
-.4
Manufacturing industries ....................|
4.580
80.3
86.1
87.9
-.1
2.1
2.3
.8
-.2
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
7.265
71.6
79.8
81.7
2.0
2.4
5.8
-.1
-.2
Containers.....................................|
3.881
138.0
141.1
142.1
.5
.7
1.7
.6
.7
Supplies.......................................|
22.557
133.8
133.7
133.9
-.6
.1
.2
-.1
.1
Manufacturing industries.....................|
5.131
140.1
140.4
140.4
-.1
0
.1
-.1
0
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
17.426
131.1
130.9
131.2
-.7
.2
.2
-.2
.2
Feeds......................................|
1.242
90.9
88.0
88.2
-10.8
.2
.3
-.1
.2
Other supplies.............................|
16.184
135.9
136.1
136.3
.1
.1
.1
-.1
.2
|
Crude materials for further processing...........| 100.000
88.2
96.1
97.2
-.4
1.1
1.3
5.5
1.4
Foodstuffs and feedstuffs......................|
45.019
98.2
99.7
99.6
-6.2
-.1
-2.5
2.2
.4
Nonfood materials..............................|
54.981
78.1
90.2
92.1
4.4
2.1
4.5
8.3
2.1

Nonfood materials except fuel 3/.............|
29.160
73.5
87.5
88.7
4.5
1.4
7.0
5.3
1.4
Manufacturing 3/...........................|
27.653
66.4
79.6
80.7
4.7
1.4
7.3
5.4
1.5
Construction...............................|
1.507
191.8
194.0
194.9
-.7
.5
-.6
.7
1.7
Crude fuel 4/................................|
25.821
78.1
86.7
89.4
4.3
3.1
1.2
12.5
3.1
Manufacturing industries...................|
2.104
75.9
84.3
87.4
4.8
3.7
1.6
11.7
3.7
Nonmanufacturing industries................|
23.717
79.7
88.5
91.2
4.3
3.1
1.3
12.5
3.1
|
Special groupings
|
|
Finished goods, excluding foods..................|5/ 76.715
129.7
131.7
131.8
1.6
.1
.8
.1
-.2
Intermediate materials less foods and feeds......|6/ 95.125
120.9
122.8
123.6
-.3
.7
.7
.2
.4
Intermediate foods and feeds.....................|6/ 4.875
112.6
109.5
110.3
-4.6
.7
-1.8
.5
.7
Crude materials less agricultural products 3/ 7/.|8/ 52.084
77.1
90.0
92.1
5.6
2.3
5.3
8.6
2.4
|
Finished energy goods............................|5/ 11.972
70.1
77.3
78.4
1.6
1.4
5.1
0
-.3
Finished goods less energy.......................|5/ 88.028
142.7
142.6
142.7
1.5
.1
-.2
.2
0
Finished consumer goods less energy..............|5/ 62.811
144.6
144.5
144.8
2.0
.2
-.3
.1
.1
|
Finished goods less foods and energy.............|5/ 64.743
146.0
145.8
145.5
1.5
-.2
.1
.1
-.2
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy....|5/ 39.526
151.3
151.1
150.9
2.5
-.1
0
0
-.1
Consumer nondurable goods less foods and energy..|5/ 23.230
165.2
165.3
165.4
4.0
.1
.1
-.3
.1
|
Intermediate energy goods........................|6/ 11.941
74.7
81.9
83.8
1.2
2.3
4.5
.4
-.2
Intermediate materials less energy...............|6/ 88.059
130.6
130.9
131.5
-.8
.5
.1
.2
.5
Intermediate materials less foods and energy.....|6/ 83.184
131.8
132.3
132.9
-.5
.5
.2
.2
.5
|
Crude energy materials 3/........................|8/ 33.303
58.8
74.4
76.7
14.6
3.1
8.5
11.9
3.1
Crude materials less energy......................|8/ 66.697
106.4
107.7
107.8
-7.4
.1
-2.1
2.2
.4
Crude nonfood materials less energy 4/...........|8/ 21.678
130.9
131.4
131.9
-10.0
.4
-1.1
2.3
.5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/

2/

Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed
after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated
after final December indexes are available. The first-published
and final December relative importances initially appear,
respectively, in the release tables containing January and May data.
The indexes for February 1999 have been recalculated to incorporate
late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes
are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

3/
4/
5/
6/
7/

8/

Includes crude petroleum.
Excludes crude petroleum.
Percent of total finished goods.
Percent of total intermediate materials.
Formerly titled "Crude materials for
further processing, excluding crude
foodstuffs and feedstuffs, plant and
animal fibers, oilseeds, and leaf tobacco."
Percent of total crude materials.

Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by stage of processing
(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|Unadjusted
|
|
|
| percent
|Seasonally adjusted
|
|
Unadjusted index
|change to
|percent change from:
Commodity |
|
|June 1999 from:|
code
|
Grouping
|_______________________|_______________|________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Feb.
| May
|June
| June | May |Mar. to|Apr. to| May to
|
|1999 1/|1999 1/|1999 1/| 1998 | 1999 | Apr. |
May | June
___________|_______________________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________
|
|
|FINISHED GOODS.........................................| 130.8
132.4
132.7
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
-0.1
| FINISHED CONSUMER GOODS...............................| 129.0
131.1
131.6
1.9
.4
.6
.2
.1
| FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS..............................| 134.1
134.4
135.3
1.1
.7
-.9
.5
.4
|
|
01-11
|
Fresh fruits and melons 2/..........................| 108.0
113.6
103.2
13.3
-9.2
.9
12.0
-9.2
01-13
|
Fresh and dry vegetables 2/.........................| 95.2
111.5
127.7
5.6
14.5
15.8
-15.8
14.5
01-71-07
|
Eggs for fresh use (Dec. 1991=100)..................| 83.5
66.8
70.1
-19.3
4.9
-10.0
.9
-.1
02-11
|
Bakery products 2/..................................| 177.5
178.0
177.7
1.1
-.2
.2
.2
-.2
02-13
|
Milled rice 2/......................................| 129.5
122.9
125.5
1.2
2.1
-.9
-2.1
2.1
02-14-02
|
Pasta products (June 1985=100) 2/...................| 122.5
121.9
121.9
-.7
0
-.1
-.4
0
02-21-01
|
Beef and veal.......................................| 99.3
104.3
110.9
11.1
6.3
2.3
-.2
8.2
02-21-04
|
Pork................................................| 88.3
100.2
96.7
-13.4
-3.5
-3.1
8.3
-5.2
02-22-03
|
Processed young chickens............................| 114.1
113.2
115.9
-7.1
2.4
-2.8
2.5
0
02-22-06
|
Processed turkeys...................................| 86.7
89.3
95.8
3.7
7.3
.2
.9
5.8
02-23
|
Finfish and shellfish...............................| 186.9
187.3
188.4
6.0
.6
-7.1
2.0
4.5
02-3
|
Dairy products......................................| 144.0
132.9
135.5
1.6
2.0
-7.1
1.3
1.4
02-4
|
Processed fruits and vegetables 2/..................| 128.1
127.6
127.8
1.8
.2
.5
-.4
.2
02-55
|
Confectionery end products 2/.......................| 169.7
170.8
170.7
1.2
-.1
0
.8
-.1
02-62
|
Soft drinks.........................................| 137.0
137.3
136.7
1.6
-.4
.4
.1
-.2
02-63-01
|
Roasted coffee 2/...................................| 135.9
135.7
135.5
-6.0
-.1
-.1
-.7
-.1
02-78
|
Shortening and cooking oils 2/......................| 145.0
138.3
138.0
-3.5
-.2
.4
.1
-.2
|
|
| FINISHED CONSUMER GOODS EXCLUDING FOODS..............| 126.6
129.5
129.9
2.3
.3
1.3
0
-.2
|
|
02-61
|
Alcoholic beverages.................................| 137.2
137.3
137.4
1.9
.1
0
.1
.3
03-81-01
|
Women's apparel 2/..................................| 123.6
123.4
122.7
.7
-.6
.3
.7
-.6
03-81-02
|
Men's and boys' apparel.............................| 133.1
133.3
133.0
-.2
-.2
-.1
.4
-.2
03-81-03
|
Girls', children's, and infants' apparel 2/.........| 121.1
117.6
117.7
-3.7
.1
-.8
0
.1
03-82
|
Textile housefurnishings 2/.........................| 122.9
122.8
122.8
-.4
0
-.2
-.6
0
04-3
|
Footwear............................................| 144.6
144.4
144.5
-.1
.1
-.6
0
.2
05-41
|
Residential electric power (Dec. 1990=100)..........| 107.1
108.1
111.4
-2.5
3.1
-.1
-.5
-1.1
05-51
|
Residential gas (Dec. 1990=100).....................| 112.4
110.8
112.2
.2
1.3
-1.7
.5
.9

05-71
|
Gasoline............................................|
05-73-02-01|
Fuel oil No. 2......................................|
06-35
|
Pharmaceutical preps, ethical (Prescription) 2/.....|
06-36
|
Pharmaceutical preps,proprietary (Over-counter) 2/..|
06-71
|
Soaps and synthetic detergents 2/...................|
06-75
|
Cosmetics and other toilet preparations 2/..........|
07-12
|
Tires, tubes, tread, etc 2/.........................|
09-15-01
|
Sanitary papers and health products 2/..............|
09-31-01
|
Newspaper circulation 2/............................|
09-32-01
|
Periodical circulation..............................|
09-33
|
Book publishing 2/..................................|
12-1
|
Household furniture 2/..............................|
12-3
|
Floor coverings 2/..................................|
12-4
|
Household appliances ...............................|
12-5
|
Home electronic equipment 2/........................|
12-62
|
Household glassware 2/..............................|
12-64
|
Household flatware 2/...............................|
12-66
|
Lawn and garden equip., ex. tractors 2/.............|
14-11-01
|
Passenger cars......................................|
15-11
|
Toys, games, and children's vehicles................|
15-12
|
Sporting and athletic goods 2/......................|
15-2
|
Tobacco products 2/.................................|
15-5
|
Mobile homes 2/.....................................|
15-94-02
|
Jewelry, platinum, & karat gold 2/..................|
15-94-04
|
Costume jewelry and novelties 2/....................|
|
|
| CAPITAL EQUIPMENT.....................................|
|
|
11-1
|
Agricultural machinery and equipment 2/.............|
11-2
|
Construction machinery and equipment................|
11-37
|
Metal cutting machine tools 2/......................|
11-38
|
Metal forming machine tools 2/......................|
11-39
|
Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and ind. molds 2/......|
11-41
|
Pumps, compressors, and equipment...................|
11-44
|
Industrial material handling equipment 2/...........|
11-51
|
Electronic computers (Dec. 1998=100) 2/.............|
11-62
|
Textile machinery 2/................................|
11-64
|
Paper industries machinery (June 1982=100)..........|
11-65
|
Printing trades machinery 2/........................|
11-74
|
Transformers and power regulators 2/................|
11-76
|
Communication & related equip. (Dec. 1985=100) 2/...|
11-79-05
|
X-ray and electromedical equipment 2/...............|
11-91
|
Oil field and gas field machinery ..................|
11-92
|
Mining machinery and equipment 2/...................|
11-93
|
Office and store machines and equipment 2/..........|

44.2
38.9
329.6
185.2
125.5
133.6
92.4
144.5
207.4
196.0
211.5
150.0
126.6
108.5
74.4
162.9
140.0
132.3
132.6
124.0
126.5
363.9
156.3
127.8
139.9

65.6
52.2
332.8
186.7
125.3
133.9
93.4
143.1
207.4
197.5
212.0
150.3
126.9
108.5
74.0
164.2
140.0
132.2
130.4
123.8
126.3
363.6
158.2
127.6
139.8

62.7
50.8
333.6
186.6
125.5
134.5
93.6
144.9
207.4
197.1
211.7
150.2
127.8
108.6
74.0
164.4
140.0
131.8
128.7
123.9
126.3
363.6
158.0
127.3
139.9

9.2
9.2
.6
1.3
-.6
.7
-.4
.6
2.3
1.9
4.1
1.3
-.7
-.6
-3.6
.9
.1
.2
-.5
-.3
0
30.5
2.5
-.5
.3

-4.4
-2.7
.2
-.1
.2
.4
.2
1.3
0
-.2
-.1
-.1
.7
.1
0
.1
0
-.3
-1.3
.1
0
0
-.1
-.2
.1

138.0

137.8

137.4

.1

-.3

151.1
146.6
160.5
159.3
139.0
150.8
132.7
94.7
153.9
161.9
140.7
131.0
114.2
106.3
126.4
143.3
111.9

150.8
147.5
160.5
159.8
139.4
151.7
132.6
88.4
154.2
162.5
141.1
130.7
114.1
106.0
126.6
144.2
112.3

151.0
147.3
160.4
159.8
139.5
151.7
133.0
87.2
154.1
162.7
141.6
130.7
113.1
105.6
126.5
144.9
112.3

.7
1.4
.4
1.5
.4
1.7
1.2
-23.7
1.1
1.7
-1.0
-.6
-.9
-1.0
.7
1.9
0

.1
-.1
-.1
0
.1
0
.3
-1.4
-.1
.1
.4
0
-.9
-.4
-.1
.5
0

29.1
14.3
.2
.4
.1
-.2
1.5
-2.1
-.1
.2
.3
.1
-.7
.2
-.1
.9
0
-.3
.2
-.2
-.3
0
.6
.1
.1
0
.5
.5
-.1
.1
.1
.2
0
-3.8
0
.4
-.1
0
-.1
-.3
.1
.2
.3

-2.7
2.5
-2.7
-.1
-.2
.1
-.3
-.3
0
.9
0
.1
-.2
-.3
-.1
-.1
0
.2
.7
-.2
.2
.1
.4
-.2
-.2

-1.9
-.2
.2
-.1
.2
.4
.2
1.3
0
0
-.1
-.1
.7
.1
0
.1
0
-.3
-1.3
.2
0
0
-.1
-.2
.1

.2

-.3

-.1
.1
.1
.1
0
.1
0
-2.2
-.1
.2
.2
.2
0
.2
.2
.2
0

.1
-.1
-.1
0
.1
.1
.3
-1.4
-.1
.2
.4
0
-.9
-.4
.1
.5
0

12-2
14-11-05
14-11-06
14-14
14-21-02
14-31
14-4

|
Commercial furniture 2/.............................| 155.8
156.5
156.7
.9
.1
-.2
.3
.1
|
Light motor trucks..................................| 158.7
158.0
156.9
3.4
-.7
.3
.8
-.7
|
Heavy motor trucks 2/...............................| 145.5
147.1
147.1
3.7
0
0
.7
0
|
Truck trailers 2/...................................| 135.2
135.9
135.9
.2
0
.5
0
0
|
Civilian aircraft (Dec. 1985=100)...................| 151.0
151.4
151.4
.6
0
-.1
.3
-.1
|
Ships (Dec. 1985=100) 2/............................| 145.8
146.5
145.8
0
-.5
0
.5
-.5
|
Railroad equipment..................................| 134.6
134.4
136.2
.4
1.3
-.4
.1
1.4
|
|
|INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND COMPONENTS.......| 120.4
122.1
122.9
-.5
.7
.6
.2
.4
|
|
| INTERMEDIATE FOODS AND FEEDS..........................| 112.6
109.5
110.3
-4.6
.7
-1.8
.5
.7
|
|
02-12-03
|
Flour 2/............................................| 105.2
104.7
105.3
-3.4
.6
-1.5
1.7
.6
02-53
|
Refined sugar 2/....................................| 120.1
123.6
122.7
2.3
-.7
0
.8
-.7
02-54
|
Confectionery materials.............................| 94.0
93.3
94.0
.5
.8
0
-1.2
.4
02-72
|
Crude vegetable oils 2/.............................| 107.7
94.9
86.8
-33.6
-8.5
3.0
-3.2
-8.5
02-9
|
Prepared animal feeds 2/............................| 99.8
97.3
97.5
-8.7
.2
.3
-.1
.2
|
|
| INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS LESS FOODS AND FEEDS...........| 120.9
122.8
123.6
-.3
.7
.7
.2
.4
|
|
03-1
|
Synthetic fibers 2/.................................| 105.5
104.5
104.8
-5.3
.3
-.1
.1
.3
03-2
|
Processed yarns and threads 2/......................| 109.5
108.4
108.4
-4.3
0
0
-.3
0
03-3
|
Gray fabrics 2/.....................................| 116.6
115.4
114.3
-6.9
-1.0
-1.5
-.4
-1.0
03-4
|
Finished fabrics....................................| 122.5
122.4
122.7
-1.2
.2
0
-.4
.5
03-83-03
|
Industrial textile products 2/......................| 128.9
128.9
129.3
-.8
.3
0
0
.3
04-2
|
Leather.............................................| 176.0
175.6
174.9
-1.3
-.4
2.1
-.8
1.1
05-32
|
Liquefied petroleum gas 2/..........................| 48.9
63.5
70.9
19.8
11.7
0
19.6
11.7
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by stage of processing - Continued
(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|Unadjusted
|
|
|
| percent
|Seasonally adjusted
|
|
Unadjusted index
|change to
|percent change from:
Commodity |
|
|June 1999 from:|
code
|
Grouping
|_______________________|_______________|________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Feb.
| May
|June
| June | May |Mar. to|Apr. to| May to
|
|1999 1/|1999 1/|1999 1/| 1998 | 1999 | Apr. |
May | June
___________|_______________________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________
|
|
| INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS LESS FOODS AND FEEDS
|
|
-Continued..........................................|

05-42
05-43
05-52
05-53
05-54
05-72-03
05-73-03
05-74
06-1
06-21
06-22
06-31
06-4
06-51
06-52-01
06-52-02
06-53
06-6
07-11-02
07-21
07-22
07-26
08-11
08-12
08-2
08-3
09-11
09-13
09-14
09-15-03
09-2
09-37
10-15
10-17
10-22
10-25-01
10-25-02
10-26
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-88
10-89

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Commercial electric power...........................|
Industrial electric power...........................|
Commercial natural gas (Dec. 1990=100)..............|
Industrial natural gas (Dec. 1990=100)..............|
Natural gas to electric utilities (Dec. 1990=100)...|
Jet fuels...........................................|
No. 2 Diesel fuel...................................|
Residual fuel 2/....................................|
Industrial chemicals 2/.............................|
Prepared paint......................................|
Paint materials 2/..................................|
Medicinal and botanical chemicals ..................|
Fats and oils, inedible 2/..........................|
Mixed fertilizers...................................|
Nitrogenates........................................|
Phosphates 2/.......................................|
Other agricultural chemicals........................|
Plastic resins and materials 2/.....................|
Synthetic rubber 2/.................................|
Plastic construction products ......................|
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, & other shapes 2/..|
Plastic parts and components for manufacturing 2/...|
Softwood lumber 2/..................................|
Hardwood lumber ....................................|
Millwork 2/.........................................|
Plywood 2/..........................................|
Woodpulp 2/.........................................|
Paper...............................................|
Paperboard..........................................|
Paper boxes and containers 2/.......................|
Building paper and board 2/.........................|
Commercial printing (June 1982=100) 2/..............|
Foundry and forge shop products.....................|
Steel mill products 2/..............................|
Primary nonferrous metals 2/........................|
Aluminum mill shapes 2/.............................|
Copper and brass mill shapes 2/.....................|
Nonferrous wire and cable 2/........................|
Metal containers 2/.................................|
Hardware............................................|
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings................|
Heating equipment...................................|
Fabricated structural metal products................|
Fabricated ferrous wire products (June 1982=100) 2/.|
Other misc. metal products 2/.......................|

124.7
125.5
106.8
100.3
78.2
37.0
38.1
30.7
117.1
157.2
143.3
138.8
97.2
114.2
95.4
114.3
143.4
115.8
114.4
124.7
126.3
117.3
187.4
175.0
171.6
169.3
112.3
140.4
142.3
150.8
131.1
151.9
135.2
105.7
94.2
135.1
144.4
134.4
107.0
147.2
175.7
153.4
142.6
130.7
125.5

126.4
127.4
102.2
97.1
77.0
48.3
53.0
46.9
116.5
157.6
147.1
138.8
78.8
114.3
95.4
113.7
140.5
120.2
113.7
125.8
125.2
117.6
197.1
176.7
173.8
178.2
113.8
140.1
149.1
155.8
141.7
151.9
135.2
104.2
99.8
135.5
149.9
134.6
106.1
148.1
176.2
153.6
142.8
130.7
125.4

132.3
130.5
103.0
97.1
80.3
48.0
53.8
52.0
118.7
157.5
145.5
144.1
79.5
114.3
93.2
113.9
144.5
122.3
113.5
126.6
126.8
117.6
206.0
176.7
175.6
195.5
117.1
140.0
149.3
157.4
145.6
152.1
135.4
105.3
97.7
136.8
147.7
133.0
106.0
149.2
176.9
153.9
142.9
130.7
125.6

-2.9
-2.5
.1
-3.2
6.9
10.3
17.5
12.3
-2.2
1.5
1.5
6.6
-38.2
-.6
-17.4
1.1
-3.2
-3.5
-3.2
.5
-1.2
.5
16.3
-1.7
2.6
29.4
-5.5
-3.8
-2.9
1.0
10.6
.1
.1
-8.5
-8.4
-3.1
-2.3
-6.1
-2.3
1.4
.7
.6
-.1
.4
-.6

4.7
2.4
.8
0
4.3
-.6
1.5
10.9
1.9
-.1
-1.1
3.8
.9
0
-2.3
.2
2.8
1.7
-.2
.6
1.3
0
4.5
0
1.0
9.7
2.9
-.1
.1
1.0
2.8
.1
.1
1.1
-2.1
1.0
-1.5
-1.2
-.1
.7
.4
.2
.1
0
.2

-1.5
-.7
-.1
-2.2
4.3
28.4
18.8
15.8
-.5
.1
.8
.1
4.7
-.3
.6
.5
-.1
1.7
-.3
.5
.5
.6
-.3
-.1
.6
-1.9
.2
.2
2.5
2.5
.8
-.1
.3
-.4
-.1
-.4
.8
-.7
0
.4
.1
.3
.1
-.2
.1

-0.1
-.3
2.3
4.4
8.9
-3.3
-2.3
16.1
-.3
.3
1.9
-.3
-3.5
.2
-2.5
-1.0
-3.6
.8
-1.5
.1
-.3
-.1
2.1
.3
.3
5.1
3.1
.2
.6
1.0
2.5
-.2
-.1
-.9
6.2
1.3
3.8
1.2
-.8
.2
0
0
-.2
0
-.1

-2.1
-1.6
1.2
1.0
6.4
-.2
9.3
10.9
1.9
.1
-1.1
4.1
.9
.1
-.8
.2
2.9
1.7
-.2
1.0
1.3
0
4.5
-.1
1.0
9.7
2.9
-.1
.7
1.0
2.8
.1
.3
1.1
-2.1
1.0
-1.5
-1.2
-.1
.7
.5
.4
0
0
.2

11-45
11-48
11-49-02
11-49-05
11-71
11-73
11-75
11-78
11-94
11-95
13-11
13-22
13-3
13-6
13-7
13-8
14-12
14-23
14-25
15-42
15-6

|
Mechanical power transmission equipment.............|
|
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment........|
|
Metal valves, ex.fluid power (Dec. 1982=100) 2/.....|
|
Ball and roller bearings............................|
|
Wiring devices......................................|
|
Motors, generators, motor generator sets............|
|
Switchgear, switchboard, etc., equipment............|
|
Electronic components and accessories 2/............|
|
Internal combustion engines.........................|
|
Machine shop products 2/............................|
|
Flat glass 2/.......................................|
|
Cement..............................................|
|
Concrete products...................................|
|
Asphalt felts and coatings 2/.......................|
|
Gypsum products 2/..................................|
|
Glass containers 2/.................................|
|
Motor vehicle parts 2/..............................|
|
Aircraft engines & engine parts (Dec. 1985=100).....|
|
Aircraft parts & aux.equip.,nec (June 1985=100) 2/..|
|
Photographic supplies 2/............................|
|
Medical/surgical/personal aid devices...............|
|
|
| CRUDE MATERIALS FOR FURTHER PROCESSING................|
|
|
| CRUDE FOODSTUFFS AND FEEDSTUFFS......................|
|
|
01-21
|
Wheat 2/............................................|
01-22-02-05|
Corn................................................|
01-31
|
Slaughter cattle 2/.................................|
01-32
|
Slaughter hogs......................................|
01-41-02
|
Slaughter broilers/fryers...........................|
01-42
|
Slaughter turkeys...................................|
01-6
|
Fluid milk..........................................|
01-83-01-31|
Soybeans 2/.........................................|
02-52-01-01|
Cane sugar,raw 2/...................................|
|
|
|
01-51-01-01|
01-92-01-01|
04-11
|
05-1
|
05-31
|
05-61
|

160.1
135.8
159.6
166.4
151.9
146.2
150.5
98.6
142.8
136.8
107.4
149.0
142.6
99.0
194.7
125.9
114.2
139.3
144.5
128.2
144.1

160.9
136.2
159.6
166.8
151.9
146.4
150.0
98.6
142.8
136.8
106.2
151.7
143.7
98.6
196.6
126.0
113.5
137.8
142.5
128.2
144.6

161.6
135.9
159.7
167.0
152.6
146.4
150.6
98.0
143.0
136.8
106.7
151.6
143.5
98.6
205.8
126.3
113.5
137.8
142.8
128.2
143.9

2.6
1.1
2.0
1.2
-1.2
.3
1.6
-2.0
1.9
.1
-.5
3.2
2.0
-.8
16.5
.6
-1.1
.3
.3
-.6
.7

.4
-.2
.1
.1
.5
0
.4
-.6
.1
0
.5
-.1
-.1
0
4.7
.2
0
0
.2
0
-.5

.3
.1
.1
.5
.1
-.2
.5
-.2
.1
0
-1.0
-1.3
.4
1.2
.2
.2
-.2
.6
-.9
0
.2

.2
.2
-.6
.2
.3
.1
-.1
-.1
.1
0
.4
.7
-.1
-.9
.6
-.2
-.1
-1.3
-.1
2.5
.1

.5
-.3
.1
.1
.3
.1
.5
-.6
.1
0
.5
-.2
0
0
4.7
.2
0
-.1
.2
0
-.5

88.2

96.1

97.2

-.4

1.1

1.3

5.5

1.4

98.2

99.7

99.6

-6.2

-.1

-2.5

2.2

.4

83.0
84.5
93.1
46.4
136.0
97.0
113.4
84.0
118.5

78.8
85.5
95.5
63.8
144.2
116.9
95.6
79.6
118.3

79.7
81.7
99.1
57.5
141.0
123.6
98.1
79.1
119.5

-5.7
-11.6
2.8
-18.6
-7.7
20.0
-5.8
-24.5
1.3

1.1
-4.4
3.8
-9.9
-2.2
5.7
2.6
-.6
1.0

-1.3
-.9
-1.0
6.6
-3.7
-.2
-11.3
2.9
1.0

.3
.4
-.9
13.2
10.0
6.2
-.2
-1.5
-1.1

1.1
-4.6
3.8
-4.8
-4.2
2.6
3.9
-.6
1.0

90.2

92.1

4.4

2.1

4.5

8.3

2.1

94.9
(3)
137.8
94.6
83.2
47.2

90.3
(3)
136.8
93.0
87.6
48.8

-23.9
(3)
-22.0
-1.8
7.0
45.2

-4.8
(3)
-.7
-1.7
5.3
3.4

-3.7
-16.4
.6
.3
1.7
27.3

2.5
(3)
3.1
2.0
17.2
11.3

-7.7
(3)
-.7
-1.7
5.3
3.4

|
CRUDE NONFOOD MATERIALS..............................| 78.1
|
Raw cotton..........................................| 91.7
Leaf tobacco 2/.....................................| 112.6
Cattle hides 2/.....................................| 128.9
Coal 2/.............................................| 93.4
Natural gas 2/......................................| 71.9
Crude petroleum 2/..................................| 26.2

08-5
|
Logs, timber, etc...................................| 200.6
199.9
200.5
-4.1
.3
-.9
-.1
1.5
09-12
|
Wastepaper 2/.......................................| 138.3
142.2
169.0
13.0
18.8
-.1
-.2
18.8
10-11
|
Iron ore 2/.........................................| 95.2
94.9
94.8
-.7
-.1
-.3
0
-.1
10-12
|
Iron and steel scrap 2/.............................| 132.7
134.9
137.5
-24.5
1.9
.3
8.4
1.9
10-21
|
Nonferrous metal ores (Dec. 1983=100) 2/............| 61.9
63.0
58.6
-13.1
-7.0
-1.8
5.4
-7.0
10-23-01
|
Copper base scrap 2/................................| 98.4
106.2
102.6
-13.8
-3.4
3.4
3.8
-3.4
10-23-02
|
Aluminum base scrap.................................| 145.4
158.6
160.1
-2.4
.9
2.8
7.8
2.8
13-21
|
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone........| 155.8
157.1
157.5
2.7
.3
.1
.3
.3
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/

The indexes for February 1999 have been recalculated to incorporate
2/ Not seasonally adjusted.
late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are
3/ Not available.
subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
Table 3. Producer price indexes for selected commodity groupings
(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
Unadjusted index 1/
|
Commodity|
|___________________________________|
code
|
Grouping
| Feb. 1999 | May 1999 | June 1999 |
_________|________________________________________________|___________|___________|___________|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finished Goods (1967=100)......................|
367.1
|
371.5
|
372.3
|
| All commodities................................|
122.3
|
124.5
|
125.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAJOR COMMODITY GROUPS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Farm products and processed foods and feeds....|
120.1
|
120.1
|
120.6
|
01
|
Farm products................................|
98.3
|
99.6
|
99.2
|
02
|
Processed foods and feeds....................|
131.0
|
130.2
|
131.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Industrial commodities.........................|
122.7
|
125.4
|
126.0
|
03
|
Textile products and apparel.................|
121.5
|
121.1
|
120.9
|
04
|
Hides, skins, leather, and related products..|
144.1
|
145.0
|
144.8
|
05
|
Fuels and related products and power 2/......|
68.6
|
78.0
|
79.6
|
06
|
Chemicals and allied products 2/.............|
141.8
|
142.3
|
143.6
|
07
|
Rubber and plastic products..................|
121.7
|
122.1
|
122.2
|
08
|
Lumber and wood products.....................|
179.8
|
183.2
|
187.8
|
09
|
Pulp, paper, and allied products.............|
170.7
|
172.4
|
173.2
|
10
|
Metals and metal products....................|
123.4
|
123.8
|
123.8
|
11
|
Machinery and equipment......................|
124.7
|
124.6
|
124.3
|
12
|
Furniture and household durables.............|
131.3
|
131.6
|
131.8
|
13
|
Nonmetallic mineral products.................|
137.6
|
138.3
|
138.7
|
14
|
Transportation equipment.....................|
142.3
|
141.4
|
140.9
|

15

01-1
01-2
01-3
01-4
01-5
01-7
01-8
01-83
01-9
02-1
02-2
02-22
02-5
02-6
02-63
02-7
03-81
04-4
05-3
05-4
05-7
06-3
06-5
06-7
07-1
07-11
07-13
07-2
08-1
09-1
09-15
10-1
10-2
10-25
11-3

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Miscellaneous products.......................|
|
Industrial commodities less fuels and related |
products and power...........................|
|
|
OTHER COMMODITY GROUPINGS
|
|
Fruits and melons, fresh and dry vegetables,
|
and tree nuts................................|
Grains.........................................|
Slaughter livestock............................|
Slaughter poultry..............................|
Plant and animal fibers........................|
Chicken eggs...................................|
Hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds....................|
Oilseeds.......................................|
Other farm products............................|
Cereal and bakery products.....................|
Meats, poultry, and fish.......................|
Processed poultry..............................|
Sugar and confectionery........................|
Beverages and beverage materials...............|
Packaged beverage materials....................|
Fats and oils..................................|
Apparel........................................|
Other leather and related products.............|
Gas fuels 2/...................................|
Electric power.................................|
Refined petroleum products.....................|
Drugs and pharmaceuticals......................|
Agricultural chemicals and products............|
Other chemicals and allied products............|
Rubber and rubber products.....................|
Rubber, except natural rubber..................|
Miscellaneous rubber products..................|
Plastic products...............................|
Lumber.........................................|
Pulp, paper, and products, excluding building |
paper and board..............................|
Converted paper and paperboard products........|
Iron and steel.................................|
Nonferrous metals..............................|
Nonferrous mill shapes.........................|
Metalworking machinery and equipment...........|

165.7
138.6

111.5
86.4
81.0
126.4
90.8
98.2
103.5
93.0
167.9
157.7
109.8
113.6
135.0
138.3
133.7
132.4
127.2
145.0
65.0
125.2
42.6
248.0
124.2
134.7
114.0
113.8
138.1
128.6
181.6
142.6
149.6
113.8
115.1
129.8
147.6

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

165.9
138.8

121.3
84.6
87.9
136.6
93.8
77.1
107.9
93.3
'N.A.'
158.0
113.9
113.2
136.0
138.6
133.6
121.6
126.8
144.6
77.0
126.7
59.6
250.0
122.9
134.5
114.3
113.1
138.1
129.0
188.8
144.7
151.9
112.9
117.4
131.1
148.0

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

165.6
139.1

121.6
82.2
88.6
135.6
89.6
80.8
103.2
91.5
'N.A.'
157.9
116.3
115.3
136.0
138.4
133.4
119.1
126.5
144.6
82.1
131.0
58.3
251.3
124.0
135.1
114.4
112.9
138.2
129.1
195.0
146.3
153.4
113.9
116.3
131.3
148.1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

11-4
| General purpose machinery and equipment........|
148.9
|
149.3
|
149.4
|
11-6
| Special industry machinery.....................|
160.8
|
161.4
|
161.4
|
11-7
| Electrical machinery and equipment.............|
120.6
|
120.4
|
119.8
|
11-9
| Miscellaneous machinery and equipment..........|
132.9
|
133.1
|
133.2
|
12-6
| Other household durable goods..................|
152.0
|
152.7
|
152.5
|
13-2
| Concrete ingredients...........................|
150.7
|
152.5
|
152.7
|
14-1
| Motor vehicles and equipment...................|
132.4
|
131.3
|
130.5
|
15-1
| Toys, sporting goods, small arms, etc..........|
132.7
|
132.5
|
132.5
|
15-4
| Photographic equipment and supplies............|
113.5
|
113.6
|
113.6
|
15-9
| Other miscellaneous products...................|
135.0
|
135.2
|
135.4
|
__________________________________________________________|___________|___________|___________|
1/

Data for February 1999 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports
and corrections by respondents. All data are subject to revision 4 months after
original publication.

2/ Prices of some items in this grouping are lagged 1 month.
Table 4. Producer price indexes for the net output of major industry groups, not seasonally adjusted
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
Index
| Percent change
Industry
|
Industry 1/
|Index|_______________________|to_June_1999_from:
code
|
|base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Feb.
|May
|June
| June | May
|
|
|1999 2/|1999 2/|1999 2/| 1998 | 1999
__________________|______________________________________________|_____|_______|_______|_______|________|_________
|
|
|
|Total mining industries...................... |12/84| 62.5
74.3
76.2
9.5
2.6
10
| Metal mining................................ |12/84| 69.3
70.4
66.6
-9.9
-5.4
12
| Coal mining................................. |12/85| 89.2
90.0
88.9
-1.4
-1.2
13
| Oil and gas extraction...................... |12/85| 57.3
72.9
76.1
14.3
4.4
14
| Mining and quarrying of non-metallic
|
|
| minerals, except fuels..................... |12/84| 133.5
134.1
134.4
1.4
.2
|
|
|
|Total manufacturing industries............... |12/84| 125.9
127.7
127.8
1.3
.1
20
| Food and kindred products................... |12/84| 125.8
125.4
126.3
-.1
.7
21
| Tobacco manufactures........................ |12/84| 316.3
316.2
316.2
32.9
0
22
| Textile mill products....................... |12/84| 116.6
116.4
116.3
-2.3
-.1
23
| Apparel and other finished products made
|
|
| from fabrics and similar materials......... |12/84| 125.1
125.2
125.0
.1
-.2
24
| Lumber and wood products, except furniture.. |12/84| 158.3
161.6
165.1
6.1
2.2
25
| Furniture and fixtures...................... |12/84| 140.5
141.0
141.1
1.1
.1
26
| Paper and allied products................... |12/84| 132.6
134.7
135.5
-.9
.6
27
| Printing, publishing, and allied industries. |12/84| 176.5
177.2
177.2
2.1
0
28
| Chemicals and allied products............... |12/84| 147.3
147.7
148.8
-.5
.7
29
| Petroleum refining and related products..... |12/84| 56.2
75.1
73.8
8.5
-1.7

30
31
32
33
34

| Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products... |12/84| 121.4
121.7
121.8
-.2
.1
| Leather and leather products................ |12/84| 136.1
135.9
135.8
-1.0
-.1
| Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products... |12/84| 131.5
132.1
132.5
2.4
.3
| Primary metal industries.................... |12/84| 115.1
114.9
115.2
-5.3
.3
| Fabricated metal products, except machinery |
|
| and transportation equipment............... |12/84| 128.8
128.8
128.9
0
.1
35
| Machinery, except electrical................ |12/84| 117.4
117.5
117.5
-.2
0
36
| Electrical and electronic machinery,
|
|
| equipment, and supplies.................... |12/84| 109.9
109.7
109.6
-.7
-.1
37
| Transportation equipment.................... |12/84| 134.8
134.2
133.6
.8
-.4
38
| Measuring and controlling instruments;
|
|
| photographic, medical, optical goods;
|
|
| watches, clocks............................ |12/84| 126.6
126.7
126.1
-.1
-.5
39
| Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...... |12/85| 130.3
130.4
130.4
.6
0
|
|
|
|Services industries
|
|
40
| Railroad transportation..................... |12/96| 101.0
101.0
101.0
-.7
0
42
| Motor freight transportation and warehousing |06/93| 113.9
114.4
114.8
3.0
.3
43
| United states postal service................ |06/89| 135.4
135.4
135.2
2.2
-.1
44
| Water transportation........................ |12/92| 106.0
105.7
117.2
10.5
10.9
45
| Transportation by air....................... |12/92| 128.4
129.6
131.0
5.5
1.1
46
| Pipe lines, except natural gas.............. |12/86| 98.2
98.5
99.0
-.3
.5
80
| Health services............................. |12/94| 109.4
109.4
109.6
2.0
.2
81
| Legal services.............................. |12/96| 107.9
108.5
108.8
2.5
.3
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Indexes in this table are derived from the net-output-weighted industry price indexes. Because of differences
in coverage and aggregation methodology, they will generally not match the movements of similarly-titled
indexes which are derived from traditional commodity groupings.
2/ The indexes for February 1999 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by
respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
Table 5. Producer price indexes by stage of processing, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
Index 1/
|____________________________________________________
Grouping
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun.
| 1999 | 1999 | 1999 | 1999 | 1999 | 1999
_______________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|_______|_______
Finished goods...................................| 131.7
131.1
131.6
132.2
132.4
132.3
Finished consumer goods........................| 130.2
129.5
130.1
130.9
131.1
131.2
Finished consumer foods......................| 136.5
134.8
135.2
134.0
134.7
135.3
Crude......................................| 138.9
126.4
133.0
129.7
128.2
126.5

Processed..................................|
Finished consumer goods, excluding foods.....|
Nondurable goods less foods................|
Durable goods..............................|
Capital equipment..............................|
Manufacturing industries.....................|
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
|
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components.|
Materials and components for manufacturing.....|
Materials for food manufacturing.............|
Materials for nondurable manufacturing.......|
Materials for durable manufacturing..........|
Components for manufacturing.................|
Materials and components for construction......|
Processed fuels and lubricants.................|
Manufacturing industries ....................|
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
Containers.....................................|
Supplies.......................................|
Manufacturing industries.....................|
Nonmanufacturing industries..................|
Feeds......................................|
Other supplies.............................|
|
Crude materials for further processing...........|
Foodstuffs and feedstuffs......................|
Nonfood materials..............................|
Nonfood materials except fuel 2/.............|
Manufacturing 2/...........................|
Construction...............................|
Crude fuel 3/................................|
Manufacturing industries...................|
Nonmanufacturing industries................|
|
Special groupings
|
|
Finished goods, excluding foods..................|
Intermediate materials less foods and feeds......|
Intermediate foods and feeds.....................|
Crude materials less agricultural products 2/....|
|
Finished energy goods............................|
Finished goods less energy.......................|
Finished consumer goods less energy..............|

136.3
127.4
123.6
132.7
137.6
138.3
137.2

135.5
127.1
123.1
132.9
137.7
138.4
137.4

135.3
127.8
124.2
132.6
137.6
138.4
137.2

134.3
129.4
126.4
132.7
137.6
138.4
137.2

135.2
129.4
126.2
133.1
137.9
138.5
137.6

136.0
129.2
126.2
132.6
137.5
138.4
137.1

121.1
123.9
125.0
122.9
123.5
125.7
147.0
77.4
83.0
74.0
138.1
134.0
140.2
131.3
92.8
136.0

120.7
123.5
122.7
122.4
123.1
125.7
147.4
76.6
81.9
73.3
137.9
133.7
140.1
131.0
90.9
135.8

121.2
123.5
121.6
122.7
123.3
125.6
147.7
78.8
83.6
75.9
138.0
133.6
140.3
130.8
87.8
136.0

121.9
123.3
118.6
122.9
123.1
125.7
147.9
82.3
85.5
80.3
140.3
133.9
140.5
131.1
88.1
136.2

122.1
123.6
119.4
123.1
124.1
125.6
148.1
82.6
86.2
80.2
141.2
133.7
140.4
130.9
88.0
136.0

122.6
124.2
120.4
124.2
125.0
125.6
149.3
82.3
86.0
80.0
142.2
133.9
140.4
131.2
88.2
136.3

90.9
103.0
79.3
75.4
68.2
188.9
78.3
77.6
79.8

88.8
99.9
78.0
73.4
66.3
189.4
78.1
75.9
79.7

89.5
99.2
79.6
77.5
70.2
191.9
76.2
74.3
77.7

90.7
96.7
83.2
82.9
75.3
190.8
77.1
75.5
78.7

95.7
98.8
90.1
87.3
79.4
192.1
86.7
84.3
88.5

97.0
99.2
92.0
88.5
80.6
195.3
89.4
87.4
91.2

130.1
121.4
115.1
78.2

130.0
121.2
112.9
77.0

130.4
121.7
111.2
78.6

131.5
122.6
109.2
82.8

131.6
122.8
109.7
89.9

131.4
123.3
110.5
92.1

72.5
143.1
145.3

71.7
142.7
144.6

73.1
142.8
144.9

76.8
142.5
144.5

76.8
142.8
144.7

76.6
142.8
144.9

|
Finished goods less foods and energy.............| 145.6
145.7
145.7
145.8
145.9
145.6
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy....| 150.9
151.0
151.2
151.2
151.2
151.0
Consumer nondurable goods less foods and energy..| 165.1
165.0
165.6
165.7
165.2
165.4
|
Intermediate energy goods........................|
77.1
76.4
78.5
82.0
82.3
82.1
Intermediate materials less energy...............| 130.9
130.6
130.6
130.7
130.9
131.5
Intermediate materials less foods and energy.....| 131.9
131.8
131.9
132.1
132.3
132.9
|
Crude energy materials 2/........................|
61.0
58.8
61.3
66.5
74.4
76.7
Crude materials less energy......................| 109.4
107.6
106.8
104.6
106.9
107.3
Crude nonfood materials less energy 3/...........| 129.1
130.6
129.3
127.9
130.9
131.5
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/
2/
3/

All seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change up to 5 years after original publication due
to the recalculation of seasonal factors each January. The indexes for February 1999 have been
recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents.
Includes crude petroleum.
Excludes crude petroleum.

Technical Notes
Brief Explanation of
Producer Price Indexes
Producer price indexes (PPI) measure average changes in
prices received by domestic producers of commodities in all
stages of processing. Most of the information used in
calculating the indexes is obtained through the systematic
sampling of nearly every industry in the manufacturing and
mining sectors of the economy. The PPI program also includes
some information from other sectors--agriculture, fishing,
forestry, services, and gas and electricity. Because
producer price indexes are designed to measure only the
change in prices received for the output of domestic
industries, imports are not included. The sample currently
contains about 3,200 commodities and 80,000 quotations per
month.
There are three primary systems of indexes within the
PPI program: (1) Stage of processing indexes; (2) commodity
indexes; and (3) indexes for the net output of industries
and their products. The stage-of-processing structure
(tables 1 and 2) organizes products by class of buyer and
degree of processing. The commodity structure (tables 2 and

3) organizes products by similarity of end-use or material
composition. The entire output of various industries is
sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of
industries and their products (table 4).
Within the stage-of-processing system, finished goods
are commodities that will not undergo further processing and
are ready for sale to the final demand user, either an
individual consumer or business firm. Consumer foods include
unprocessed foods such as eggs and fresh vegetables, as well
as processed foods such as bakery products and meats. Other
finished consumer goods include durable goods such as
automobiles, household furniture, and appliances, and
nondurable goods such as apparel and home heating oil.
Capital equipment includes producer durable goods such as
heavy motor trucks, tractors, and machine tools.
The stage-of-processing category for intermediate
materials, supplies, and components consists partly of
commodities that have been processed but require further
processing. Examples of such semifinished goods include
flour, cotton yarn, steel mill products, and lumber. The
intermediate goods category also encompasses nondurable,
physically complete items purchased by business firms as
inputs for their operations. Examples include diesel fuel,
belts and belting, paper boxes, and fertilizers.
Crude materials for further processing are products
entering the market for the first time that have not been
manufactured or fabricated and that are not sold directly to
consumers. Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs include items
such as grains and livestock. Examples of crude nonfood
materials include raw cotton, crude petroleum, coal, hides
and skins, and iron and steel scrap.
Producer price indexes for the net output of industries
and their products are grouped according to the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) and the Census product code
extension of the SIC. Industry price indexes are compatible
with other economic time series organized by SIC codes, such
as data on employment, wages, and productivity. Table 4
lists indexes for the net output of major mining and
manufacturing industry groups at the 2-digit level.
Producer price indexes are based on selling prices
reported by establishments of all sizes selected by
probability sampling, with the probability of selection
proportionate to size. Individual items and transaction
terms from these firms are also chosen by probability
proportionate to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating

companies to supply actual transaction prices at the time of
shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices are
normally reported by mail questionnaire for the Tuesday of
the week containing the 13th.
Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential
basis; no one but sworn BLS employees are allowed access to
individual company price reports. All producer price indexes
are routinely subject to revision once, 4 months after
original publication, to reflect the availability of late
reports and corrections by respondents.
Net output values of shipments are used as weights for
industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of
shipments from establishments in one industry to
establishments classified in another industry. However,
weights for commodity price indexes are based on gross
shipment values, including shipment values between
establishments within the same industry. As a result, broad
commodity grouping indexes such as the all commodities index
are affected by the multiple counting of price change at
successive stages of processing, which can lead to
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. Stage-ofprocessing indexes partially correct this defect, but
industry indexes consistently correct for this at all levels
of aggregation. Therefore, industry and stage-of-processing
indexes are more appropriate than broad commodity groupings
for economic analysis of general price trends.
Weights for most traditional commodity groupings of the
PPI, as well as all indexes (such as stage-of-processing
indexes) calculated from traditional commodity groupings,
currently reflect 1987 values of shipments as reported in
the Census of Manufactures and other sources. From January
1987 through December 1991, PPI weights were derived from
1982 shipment values. Industry indexes shown in table 4 are
also now calculated with 1987 net output weights.
Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many
important PPI series (including stage-of-processing
groupings and most commodity groups and individual items)
were placed on a new reference base, 1982=100, to coincide
with the reference year of the shipment weights. From 1971
through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI
series was 1967=100. Except for rounding differences, the
shift to the new reference base did not alter any changes to
previously published percent changes for affected PPI
series. (See "Calculating Index Changes," below.) The new
reference base is not used for indexes with a base later

than December 1981, nor for indexes for the net output of
industries and their products.
For further information on the underlying concepts and
methodology of the Producer Price Index, see chapter 16,
"Producer Prices," in BLS Handbook of Methods (September
1992), Bulletin 2414. Reprints are available from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics on request.
Calculating Index Changes
Movements of price indexes from one month to another
are usually expressed as percent changes rather than as
changes in index points because index point chances are
affected by the level of the index in relation to its base
period, while percent changes are not. The box shows the
computation of index point and percent changes.
Percent changes for 3-month and 6-month periods can be
expressed as annual rates that are computed according to the
standard formula for compound growth rates. These data
indicate what the percent change would be if the rate for a
given 3- or 6-month span were maintained for a 12-month
period.

Index Point Change
Finished Goods Price Index
Less previous index
Equals index point change

107.5
104.0
3.5

Index Percent Change
Index point change
3.5
Divided by the previous index 104.0
Equals
0.034
Result multiplied by 100
0.034 x 100
Equals percent change
3.4
Each index measures price changes from a reference
period which equals 100.0 (1982 or some later month). An
increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the
Finished Goods Price Index, for example, is shown as 105.5.

This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows:
"Prices received by domestic producers of a systematic
sample of finished goods have risen from $100 in 1982 to
$105.50 to-day." Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would
indicate that prices received by producers of finished goods
today are 10 percent lower than they were in 1982.
Seasonally Adjusted
and Unadjusted Data
Because price data are used for different purposes by
different groups, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes
seasonally adjusted as well as unadjusted changes each
month.
Seasonally adjusted data are preferred for analyzing
general price trends in the economy because they eliminate
the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same
time and in about the same magnitude every year-such as
price movements resulting from normal weather patterns,
regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers,
seasonal discounts, and holidays. For these reasons,
seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying
cyclical trends.
Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who
need information which can be related to actual dollar
values of transactions. Individuals requiring this
information include marketing specialists, purchasing
agents, budget and cost analysts, contract specialists, and
commodity traders. It is the unadjusted data that are
generally cited in escalating long-term contracts such as
purchasing agreements or real estate leases. (See Escalation
and Producer Price Indexes: A Guide for Contracting Parties,
BLS Report 807, September 1991, available on request from
BLS.)
For more information, see "Appendix A: Seasonal
Adjustment Methodology at BLS," in the BLS Handbook of
Methods (September 1992), Bulletin 2414.