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BIE July 2013
Atlanta Fed Survey of Business Inflation Expectations
For immediate release: July 17, 2013
Contact: Jean Tate, 404-498-8035 or jean.tate@atl.frb.org
The year-ahead inflation expectations of businesses remained unchanged at 1.8 percent in July,
according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta’s most recent business inflation expectations (BIE)
survey. The survey was conducted July 8–12 with 209 firms responding to questions about their business
conditions, inflation outlook, and potential pricing pressures. The results are summarized below.

Year-ahead inflation expectations and current conditions
Respondents indicate that, on average, they expect unit costs to rise 1.8 percent over the next 12 months,
roughly in line with the recent year-ahead inflation forecasts of private economists. Inflation uncertainty
was roughly unchanged at 2.5 percent in July from 2.6 percent in June. Firms also report that, compared
to this time last year, their unit costs are up 1.8 percent. The improvement in sales levels noted by
respondents in June have receded somewhat, with 50 percent now saying their current sales levels are at
or above normal compared to 56 percent in June. Profit margins also declined slightly from the June
reading, with 46 percent of firms stating that their margins are at or above normal, compared to 49 percent
in June.

Quarterly question: Long-term inflation expectations
Over the long term, that is, per year over the next five to 10 years, respondents expect unit costs to
increase 2.8 percent, on average, virtually unchanged from the April reading of 2.9 percent. Respondents’
uncertainty (variance) regarding this expectation, at 2.4 percent, remains low in comparison to prior
measures.

Special question: Response to increase/decrease in raw materials costs
The special question focused on commodity cost pressures. Half our panel was asked how they would
respond to “a 10 percent increase in raw materials costs” and the other half how they would respond to “a
10 percent decrease in raw materials costs.”
Of those who received the cost increase question, 52 percent said they would “mostly increase prices” in
response to a 10 percent raw materials cost increase. Of those who received the cost decrease question, 43
percent said they would “mostly increase profit margins” in response to a 10 percent raw materials cost
decrease.
Please see page 3 for a breakdown of the results.

For more information and interactive charts, visit the BIE survey site at www.frbatlanta.org/research/inflationproject/bie/.

Monthly Questions
Year-Ahead Inflation Expectations and Uncertainty
(percent)

3.5
3.0
2.5

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.5
Uncertainty

1.0

Year-ahead unit cost expectations

0.5
0.0

Jul-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Jan-13

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

Sales Levels and Profit Margins
Compared to Normal Times

Year-over-Year Unit Costs
(percent)

(diffusion index, 0+ = greater than normal times)

5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45

3.5
3.0

Sales levels
Profit margins

2.5
-21
-24

1.8

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

Jul-12

Oct-12

Jan-13

Apr-13

Jul-13

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

0.0

Jul-12

Oct-12

Jan-13

Apr-13

Jul-13

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

Quarterly Question
Long-Term Inflation Expectations and Uncertainty
(percent, per year over the next five to 10 years)

3.5
3.0

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.0
1.5
Long-term Unit Cost Expectations

1.0

Uncertainty

0.5
0.0

Jul-12

Oct-12

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

Jan-13

Apr-13

Jul-13

Special Question
How would you respond to a 10% increase in raw materials costs?
(percentage of responses)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Mostly increase prices

Mostly decrease profit
margins

These costs have no
influence on my prices

Other

Unsure

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

How would you respond to a 10% decrease in raw materials costs?
(percentage of responses)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Mostly decrease prices

Mostly increase profit
margins

These costs have no
influence on my prices

Source: Atlanta Fed Business Inflation Expectations (BIE) Survey

Other

Unsure

How do your SALES LEVELS compare with sales levels during what you consider to be “normal” times?
Much less

Somewhat
less

About normal

Somewhat
greater

Much
greater

Diffusion
index*

May

10%

44%

26%

20%

1%

-22

June

11%

32%

31%

24%

1%

-14

July

13%

37%

29%

21%

0%

-21

How do your current PROFIT MARGINS compare with “normal” times?
Much less

Somewhat
less

About normal

Somewhat
greater

Much
greater

Diffusion
index*

May

11%

43%

31%

13%

1%

-25

June

10%

40%

36%

12%

1%

-22

July

8%

46%

33%

13%

0%

-24

Up a lot
(>5%)

Mean

Looking back, how do your UNIT COSTS compare with this time last year?
Down
(<-1%)

About
unchanged
(-1% to 1%)

Up somewhat Up moderately
(1.1% to 3%)
(3.1% to 5%)

May

5%

21%

57%

13%

4%

1.8%

June

5%

22%

60%

12%

2%

1.7%

July

5%

23%

58%

9%

5%

1.8%

Projecting ahead, to the best of your ability, please assign a percent likelihood to the following changes to unit
costs over the next 12 months.
Down
(<-1%)

About
unchanged
(-1% to 1%)

Up
somewhat
(1.1% to 3%)

Up
moderately
(3.1% to 5%)

Up a lot
(>5%)

Mean
(Variance)

May

7%

25%

38%

20%

10%

2.0% (2.5%)

June

8%

28%

39%

17%

8%

1.8% (2.6%)

July

7%

26%

42%

17%

8%

1.8% (2.5%)

Quarterly Question: Projecting ahead, to the best of your ability, please assign a percent likelihood to
the following changes to unit costs per year over the next FIVE TO 10 years.
Unit costs
down
(<-1%)

Unit costs
about
unchanged
(-1% to 1%)

Unit costs up
somewhat
(1.1% to 3%)

Unit costs up
significantly
(3.1% to 5%)

Unit costs up
very
significantly
(>5%)

Mean
(variance)

February (89)

4%

11%

38%

29%

17%

2.9% (2.8%)

April (152)

4%

12%

36%

30%

18%

3.0% (2.6%)

July (153)

4%

15%

36%

26%

19%

2.8% (2.9%)

October (196)

4%

13%

36%

30%

17%

2.9% (2.7%)

January (196)

3%

12%

32%

28%

23%

3.1% (2.5%)

April (189)

4%

12%

38%

26%

20%

2.9% (2.2%)

July (209)

4%

14%

37%

28%

15%

2.8% (2.4%)

Month
(number of responses)

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
*The diffusion index is calculated as an average response such that each response of much less is assigned a value of –100;
somewhat less is assigned a value of –50; about normal, 0; somewhat greater, 50; and much greater, 100. Therefore, a positive
index value implies that the indicator is greater, on average, and a negative index value implies that the indicator is lower, on
average.