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June 2012
For immediate release: June 22, 2012
Contact: Jean Tate, 404-498-8035 or jean.tate@atl.frb.org

The inflation expectations of businesses in the Southeast for the coming year moderated to 1.7 percent
in June, down from 1.8 percent in May, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta’s most recent
business inflation expectations (BIE) survey. The survey was conducted June 11–15 with 167 firms
responding to questions about their business conditions, inflation outlook, and potential pricing
pressures. The results are summarized below.

EXPECTED CHANGE IN UNIT COSTS
Survey respondents indicated that, on average, they expect unit costs to rise 1.7
percent over the next 12 months. That number is down from 1.8 percent in May
and below recent year-ahead inflation forecasts of private economists. Inflation
uncertainty was unchanged at 2.9 percent in June. Firms also reported that their
unit costs had risen 1.6 percent compared to this time last year, which is
unchanged from their assessment in May.

1.7%

from 1.8% in May

FACTORS INFLUENCING PRICE CHANGES
According to the businesses surveyed, firms continue to operate in an environment of below normal
sales levels and profit margins—though both sales and margins improved in June. Projecting ahead,
firms continue to anticipate little or moderate upward pressure coming from input costs over the next
12 months. Businesses' expectations for both labor and non-labor costs over the next year declined for
the second consecutive month in June. Just 32 percent of firms expect moderate or strong upward
price influence from sales in the coming year, the smallest percentage since November 2011.
Respondents also anticipate that margin adjustments are likely to have a modest upward influence on
the prices they charge in the coming year.
SPECIAL QUESTION
Each month the Atlanta Fed's BIE survey asks businesses to estimate the impact of various influences on
their prices over the coming 12 months. This month's special question aims to gauge the impact of
those same factors over the previous 12 months. Respondents estimated that, on balance, margin
adjustments had a negligible influence on prices over the past year, a contrast with their expectation
that margin adjustments may increase prices slightly over the coming year. Labor costs are likely to
have a larger upward influence on prices in the coming year than they did in the past 12 months,
according to respondents, whereas firms largely anticipate similar cost pressure from non-labor costs
over the next 12 months as they experienced in the past year.

How do your SALES LEVELS compare with sales levels during what you consider to be "normal" times?
Much less

Somewhat
less

About normal

Somewhat
greater

Much
greater

Diffusion
Index*

April

17%

36%

27%

18%

2%

-23

May

17%

37%

30%

14%

2%

-27

June

16%

34%

33%

16%

2%

-23

How do your current PROFIT MARGINS compare with "normal" times?
Much less

Somewhat
less

About normal

Somewhat
greater

Much
greater

Diffusion
Index*

April

19%

36%

36%

9%

0%

-32

May

18%

37%

32%

13%

0%

-30

June

12%

35%

42%

11%

1%

-23

Looking back, how do your UNIT COSTS compare with this time last year?
Down
(<-1%)

About
unchanged
(-1% to 1%)

Up somewhat
(1.1% to 3%)

Up moderately
(3.1% to 5%)

Up a lot
(>5%)

Average

April

3%

24%

56%

12%

6%

1.9%

May

8%

22%

54%

12%

4%

1.6%

June

8%

26%

51%

11%

4%

1.6%

Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will
affect the prices of your products and/or services?
Strong
downward
influence

Moderate
downward
influence

Little/no
influence

Moderate
upward
influence

Strong
upward
influence

Diffusion
Index†

April

0%

1%

43%

52%

4%

29

May

0%

1%

42%

49%

8%

32

June

0%

1%

42%

54%

4%

30

April

0%

0%

24%

57%

18%

47

May

0%

3%

29%

60%

9%

38

June

0%

4%

29%

60%

7%

35

April

0%

15%

66%

16%

2%

2

May

1%

18%

64%

16%

1%

-1

June

1%

17%

68%

14%

1%

-2

April

2%

13%

57%

26%

2%

6

May

1%

16%

52%

31%

1%

7

June

2%

14%

53%

30%

1%

7

April

1%

19%

46%

32%

2%

7

May

3%

13%

41%

38%

4%

14

June

3%

18%

48%

30%

2%

5

Labor Costs

Non-Labor Costs

Productivity

Margin Adjustments

Sales Levels

Projecting ahead, to the best of your ability, please assign a percent likelihood to the following changes to unit
costs over the next 12 months.
Down
(<-1%)

About
Up
Up
unchanged somewhat moderately
(-1% to 1%) (1.1% to 3%) (3.1% to 5%)

Up a lot
(>5%)

Average

Median

Mode

Variance

April

5%

27%

37%

20%

10%

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.7

May

8%

27%

39%

17%

8%

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.9

June

9%

30%

37%

16%

8%

1.7

1.6

1.5

2.9

Special Looking back over the LAST 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences
Question: have affected the prices of your products and/or services?
Number of responses

Strong
downward
influence

Moderate
Little/no
downward
influence
influence

Moderate
upward
influence

Strong
upward
influence

Diffusion
Index†

Labor Costs

155

0%

2%

52%

41%

4%

24

Non-Labor Costs

155

0%

Productivity

154

6%

30%

53%

11%

34

Margin Adjustments

154

1%

14%

67%

18%

1%

2

3%

19%

55%

21%

2%

Sales Levels

155

1

4%

20%

45%

27%

4%

4

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
*The diffusion index is calculated as an average response such that each response of much less is assigned a value of –100, somewhat less is assigned
a value of –50, about normal 0, somewhat greater 50, and much greater 100. Therefore, a positive index value implies that the indicator is greater,
on average, and a negative index value implies that the indicator is lower, on average.
†The diffusion index is calculated such that each response of strong downward influence is assigned a value of –100, moderate downward influence
is assigned a value of –50, little/no influence 0, moderate upward influence 50, and strong upward influence 100. Therefore, a positive index
value indicates that overall prices are being influenced upwards, on average, and a negative index value indicates that prices are being influenced
downwards, on average.