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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Producer Price Indexes PPI PPI Updates Commodity Weight Allocations for the Final Demand–Intermediate Demand Aggregation Structure Notice Effective with the release of January 2021 data on February 17, 2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) updated the weight allocations used to calculate its Final Demand–Intermediate Demand (FD–ID) Producer Price Indexes (PPI). PPI weights continue to be based on shipment values from the 2012 economic census. However, to more accurately reflect recent sales patterns, BLS changed the proportion of these weights allocated to the various FD–ID categories to base them on data published in the 2012 Input–Output (I–O) Accounts from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The allocations were previously based on the 2007 I-O Accounts. This update affects all portions of the PPI FD-ID system: final demand indexes, intermediate demand by commodity type indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow indexes. This notice discusses updates to final demand and intermediate demand by commodity type indexes together and then describes updates to the intermediate demand by production flow indexes.[1] The allocation update will not change the PPI classification system, reference base, aggregation structure, or historical index data. The update does cause some significant, though not unexpected, shifts in the relative importance of component series in the FD–ID system. Appendix A of this report presents some of these more noteworthy shifts. Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Methodology The primary data source used in the weight allocations of the PPI commodity FD–ID indexes by commodity type is the Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition table (hereafter known as the use table). [2] The use table shows—for each commodity group—the dollar value (in millions of dollars at producers' prices) used by each industry and final user. BLS analysts convert these dollar values of use to percentages and sum them to 100 percent for each I–O commodity group. Analysts truncate individual values of less than 0.5 percent and normalize the residual values. BLS analysts then determine the FD–ID categories that correspond to the uses of each commodity group in the I–O table. Next, analysts analyze each detailed record on the I–O table and assign it to one or more of the detailed FD–ID codes. These assignments combine information about the type of use indicated in the table and informed judgment by BLS analysts relating to definitions of the FD–ID categories. The next section of this article includes these definitions. Only the lowest level FD–ID codes are used in the assignment process. Analysts do not make direct assignments to the higher level FD–ID codes (for example, FD4 Final Demand). These higher level indexes are calculated through aggregation of the lower level FD–ID indexes. To make the FD–ID assignments, the analyst determines 1. What is the product (transportation service, food, fuel, capital equipment, trade service, unprocessed material input, processed material input, etc.)? 2. In what manner will this product be used by the consuming industry or user? The combined answer to these questions determines the appropriate FD–ID code assignment. Often, the same product will fall into different FD–ID categories, depending on its use. For example, fresh fruit purchased by households is considered a Crude Finished Consumer Food (FD41113), while the same fruit purchased by a food company for canning is considered an Unprocessed Foodstuff and Feedstuff (ID621). BLS analysts assign FD–ID weight allocations at the PPI 6-digit commodity group level, because this is the level used for building the lowest level FD–ID indexes. In the next step, analysts match the 6-digit PPI codes with I–O codes in the BEA use table, using a concordance between the PPI and the North American Standard Industrial Classification System (NAICS). BEA I–O data are generally classified according to NAICS. BEA provides a concordance between the NAICS and the I–O industry and commodity codes, which further enhances the match. Next, BLS analysts apply the percentage allocations by FD–ID for each PPI 6-digit code to the total value weight of the 6-digit commodity. The resultant products are used in their respective FD–ID aggregations for index calculation. Relative importance weights are then calculated for component 6-digit series in the PPI by FD–ID. [3] Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Structure and Definitions Type of buyer and type of commodity are two concepts inherent in the Final Demand—Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type categorization. The two main buyer types are final-demand buyers and intermediate-demand buyers. Final-demand buyers include consumers, government, foreigners, and domestic industries that purchase the commodity as capital investment. Intermediate demand buyers consist of domestic industries that purchase the commodity as an input to production, excluding capital investment. The four main type of commodities are unprocessed goods, processed goods, services, and construction. Unprocessed goods are goods that have undergone no fabrication. For PPI purposes, unprocessed goods can be subject to picking, sorting, washing, packing, or transporting. Processed goods include goods that have been subjected to a treatment or series of treatments that in some way alters the initial physical nature or function of the goods. Mixing goods or assembling components is considered processing because, though the good itself is not changed, its function or usefulness is altered Services include trade services; transportation and warehousing services; and services excluding trade, transportation, and warehousing. Trade services encompass both wholesale and retail . The PPI views wholesalers and retailers as suppliers of distributive services (rather than as suppliers of goods), because little, if any, transformation of these goods takes place. This approach implies that the output of a wholesale or retail trade establishment is represented by the difference between its selling price of a good and the acquisition price for that same item. Gross margin prices, as collected by PPI, reflect the value added by the establishment for services such as marketing, storing, and displaying goods in convenient locations and making the goods easily available for customers to purchase. Transportation services include transportation of passengers, transportation of cargo, services related to transportation, and warehousing and storage of goods. Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing include all other types of services, such as health care services, professional services, financial services, entertainment services, etc. Construction encompasses the creation and maintenance and repair of buildings or other engineering projects. The Final Demand–Intermediate Demand (by commodity type) system consists of five major portions differentiated by the type of commodity and class of buyer. The five major FD–ID categories are processed goods for intermediate demand; unprocessed goods for intermediate demand; services for intermediate demand; construction for intermediate demand, and final demand. Processed goods for intermediate demand include fabricated goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production, excluding capital investment. Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand are goods that have undergone no fabrication and are purchased by businesses as inputs to production. Services for intermediate demand include trade services; transportation and warehousing services; and services less trade, transportation, and warehousing purchased by businesses as inputs to production. Construction for intermediate demand includes maintenance and repair construction purchased by businesses. Final demand include all types of commodities (goods, services, and construction) consumed as personal consumption, by government, by businesses as capital investment, and as exports. The full Final Demand–Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type structure is provided below. Direct weight allocations are made to the FD–ID categories which are italicized. Definitions of the detailed indexes follow the listing of their respective structure. Structure of Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand Table 1 Index Code ID61 ID611 ID6111 ID61111 ID61112 ID61113 ID6112 ID61121 ID61122 ID612 ID6121 ID6122 ID613 ID6131 ID6132 ID614 ID615 ID6151 ID6152 ID61521 ID61522 Title Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand Materials and Components for Manufacturing Materials for Manufacturing Materials for Food Manufacturing Materials for Nondurable Manufacturing Materials for Durable Manufacturing Components for Manufacturing Components for Nondurable Manufacturing Components for Durable Manufacturing Materials and Components for Construction Materials for Construction Components for Construction Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Intermediate Demand Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Manufacturing Industries Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Nonmanufacturing Industries Containers for Intermediate Demand Supplies for Intermediate Demand Supplies to Manufacturing Industries Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries, Feeds Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries, Other than Feeds Definitions of Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand Skip Definitions» ID61111 MATERIALS FOR FOOD MANUFACTURING contains partially processed food products that must undergo further preparation before reaching the final customer. Examples of materials for food manufacturing include milk products, canned or frozen fruits and vegetables, processed sugars, and certain chemicals. ID61112 MATERIALS FOR NONDURABLE MANUFACTURING contains partially processed products that will undergo further preparation or usage in the manufacture of goods which have a life expectancy of less than 3 years. Examples of materials for nondurables manufacturing include cotton yarn used for shirts and woodpulp used to make paper. ID61113 MATERIALS FOR DURABLE MANUFACTURING contains partially processed products that will undergo further preparation or usage in the manufacture of goods that have a life expectancy of more than 3 years. Examples of materials for durable manufacturing include textile materials, lumber, metals, and cement. ID61121 COMPONENTS FOR NONDURABLE MANUFACTURING includes products, such as buttons and springs that are completely finished except for installation or assembly into a larger nondurable item. Nondurable goods are considered to have a life expectancy of less than 3 years. ID61122 COMPONENTS FOR DURABLE MANUFACTURING includes products, such as pumps, valves, and fittings that are completely finished except for installation or assembly into a larger durable item. Durable goods are considered to have a life expectancy of 3 years or more. ID6121 MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION includes partially finished products that will undergo further preparation into a construction product. This usage is specifically defined in the I-O tables. Examples include lumber, concrete pipe, and architectural coatings. ID6122 COMPONENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION includes completely finished products that will undergo installation into a construction product. This usage is specifically defined in the I–O tables. Examples include metal doors and water heaters. ID6131 PROCESSED FUELS AND LUBRICANTS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes fuel and related products used in manufacturing industries to generate heat and power and for lubrication. Examples include industrial electric power, industrial natural gas, gasoline, diesel fuel, and greases and oils. ID6132 PROCESSED FUELS AND LUBRICANTS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes fuel and related products used in nonmanufacturing industries to generate heat and power and for lubrication. Examples include commercial electric power, commercial natural gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and greases and oils. ID614 CONTAINERS FOR INTERMEDIATE DEMAND contains paper, wood, plastic, metal, and glass receptacles used to ease the transport of unwieldy items. ID6151 SUPPLIES TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes products consumed in the manufacturing industries during the course of production or distribution of other items but not physically incorporated in those items. These products are distinguished from capital equipment in that they are not amortized. Examples of supplies for manufacturing industries include plastic packaging, small cutting tools, and machinery. ID61521 SUPPLIES TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, FEEDS includes feed products consumed by animals in the livestock industry. Examples of manufactured animal feeds include poultry feed, hog feed, vegetable cakes, and meal fee. ID61522 SUPPLIES TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, OTHER THAN FEEDS includes products used in the nonmanufacturing sector other than the animal feed industry, which are consumed during the course of production or distribution of other items but not physically incorporated in those items. Examples include sedatives for hospitals, tires, motor vehicle parts for auto repair shops, and photographic supplies. Structure of Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand Table 2 ID62 ID621 ID622 ID6221 ID62211 ID62212 ID6222 ID62221 ID62222 Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand Unprocessed Foodstuffs and Feedstuffs Unprocessed Nonfood Materials Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel to Manufacturing Industries Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel to Nonmanufacturing Industries Unprocessed Fuel Unprocessed Fuel to Manufacturing Industries Unprocessed Fuel to Nonmanufacturing Industries Definitions of Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand Skip Definitions » ID621 UNPROCESSED FOODSTUFFS AND FEEDSTUFFS contains basic agricultural products that will undergo some processing prior to becoming completed food products, as well agricultural products consumed directly by the agricultural sector. Examples include fresh fruit that will be canned or raw corn consumed by livestock as animal feed. Other examples would be cattle, hogs, or chickens intended for slaughter, or raw cane sugar that will be refined. ID62211 UNPROCESSED NONFOOD MATERIALS, EXCEPT FUEL TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains minerals, agricultural products, and scrap materials that are intended to be used in a manufacturing process other than manufacturing of foods. Raw cotton that will be turned into yarn, or aluminum base scrap that will end up as refined aluminum, are examples of this category. Crude petroleum is contained in this grouping rather than in Crude Fuels, because it is not used as a fuel in its crude state; it can be used as a raw material in manufacturing (for example, synthetic rubber or pharmaceuticals). Also included in the category are agricultural inputs to manufactures of pet foods and alcoholic beverages. ID62212 UNPROCESSED NONFOOD MATERIALS, EXCEPT FUEL TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes products such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone primarily used in the construction industry. ID62221 UNPROCESSED FUEL TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains unrefined energy sources, specifically coal and natural gas, used to generate heat and power in manufacturing industries. ID62222 UNPROCESSED FUEL TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes coal and natural gas used to generate heat and power in nonmanufacturing industries. Structure of Services for Intermediate Demand Skip Table » Table 3 Index Code ID63 ID631 ID6311 ID6312 ID632 ID6321 ID63211 ID63212 ID6322 ID63221 ID63222 ID633 ID6331 ID6332 Title Services for Intermediate Demand Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Intermediate Demand Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Manufacturing Industries Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Nonmanufacturing Industries Transportation and Warehousing Services for Intermediate Demand Transportation of Passengers for Intermediate Demand Transportation of Passengers for Manufacturing Industries Transportation of Passengers for Nonmanufacturing Industries Transportation and Warehousing of Goods for Intermediate Demand Transportation of Goods for Manufacturing Industries Transportation of Goods for Nonmanufacturing Industries Trade Services for Intermediate Demand Trade Services for Manufacturing Industries Trade Services Nonmanufacturing Industries Definitions of Services for Intermediate Demand Skip Definitions » ID6311 SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes services used by the manufacturing sector other than trade and transportation services. Examples include manufacturing services, such as contract work on textiles and metal coating and allied services, as well as other types of services, including engineering services, truck rental, and software publishing. ID6312 SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes services used by nonmanufacturing sectors other than trade and transportation services. Financial services, legal services, architectural services, consulting services, and telecommunication services are examples. ID63211 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES ID63212 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES composed of business travel services, including railroad and airline passenger services, purchased by nonmanufacturing industries. ID63221 TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. Examples include pipeline transportation of petroleum products, long-distance motor carrying, and rail transportation of freight and mail. ID63222 TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to nonmanufacturing industries. Examples include U.S. Postal Service, air transportation of freight, courier and messenger services, and marine cargo handling. ID6331 TRADE SERVICES FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Parts and supplies for machinery and equipment wholesaling; metals, mineral, and ores wholesaling; and paper and plastics wholesaling are examples of trade services for manufacturing industries. ID6332 TRADE SERVICES FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to nonmanufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Examples include hardware and building materials and supplies retailing, chemicals and allied products wholesaling, and automotive parts retailing. Structure of Construction for Intermediate Demand Skip Table » Table 4 Index Code ID64 Title Construction for Intermediate Demand Definitions of Construction for Intermediate Demand Skip Definitions » ID64 CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERMEDIATE DEMAND includes maintenance and repair construction purchased by businesses as inputs to construction. Note that all new construction is defined as capital investment and is included under final demand. Structure of Final Demand Skip Table » Table 5 Index Code FD4 FD41 FD411 FD4111 FD41112 FD41113 FD4112 FD4113 FD412 FD4121 FD4122 FD4123 FD413 FD4131 FD41311 FD413111 FD413112 FD41312 FD413121 FD413122 FD4132 FD41321 FD41322 FD4133 FD42 FD421 Title Final Demand Final Demand Goods Final Demand Foods Finished Consumer Foods Finished Consumer Foods, Processed Finished Consumer Foods, Crude Government Purchased Foods Foods for Export Final Demand Energy Finished Consumer Energy Goods Government Purchased Energy Energy for Export Final Demand Goods less Foods and Energy Finished Goods less Foods and Energy Finished Consumer Goods less Foods and Energy Nondurable Consumer Goods less Foods and Energy Durable Consumer Goods Private Capital Equipment Private Capital Equipment for Manufacturing Industries Private Capital Equipment for Nonmanufacturing Industries Government Purchased Goods Excluding Foods and Energy Government Purchased Goods Excluding Foods, Energy, and Capital Equipment Government Purchased Capital Equipment Goods for Export excluding Foods and Energy Final Demand Services Final Demand Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Index Code FD4211 FD42111 FD42112 FD4212 FD42121 FD42122 FD4213 FD422 FD4221 FD42211 FD42212 FD42213 FD4222 FD42221 FD422211 FD422212 FD42222 FD42223 FD423 FD4231 FD42311 FD42312 FD4232 FD42321 FD42322 FD43 FD431 FD432 Title Finished Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Finished Consumer Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Private Capital Investment Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Government Purchased Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Government Purchased Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing excluding Capital Investment Government Purchased Capital Investment Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Services for Export less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing Final Demand Transportation and Warehousing Services Transportation of Passengers for Final Demand Transportation of Private Passengers Transportation of Government Passengers Transportation of Passengers for Export Transportation and Warehousing of Goods for Final Demand Transportation and Warehousing of Finished Goods Transportation and Warehousing of Personal Consumption Goods Transportation and Warehousing of Private Capital Equipment Transportation and Warehousing of Government Purchased Goods Transportation and Warehousing of Exports Final Demand Trade Services Trade of Finished Goods Trade of Personal Consumption Goods Trade of Private Capital Equipment Trade of Government Purchased Goods Trade of Government Purchased Goods Excluding Capital Equipment Trade of Government Purchased Capital Equipment Trade of Exports Final Demand Construction Construction for Private Capital Investment Construction for Government Definitions of Final Demand Skip Definitions » FD41112 FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS, PROCESSED contains prepared food products that go directly to the consumer. Examples of processed finished foods include bread, packaged fluid milk and related products, candy and nuts, and carbonated drinks. FD41112 FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS, CRUDE contains basic food products such as fresh fruits and vegetables that are used in an unprocessed state by the consumer. FD4112 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED FOODS includes both processed and unprocessed foods purchased by government. FD4113 FOODS FOR EXPORT includes both processed and unprocessed foods sold as export. Examples include oilseeds, corn, and beef and veal. FD4121 FINISHED CONSUMER ENERGY GOODS made up of energy goods, such as residential electric power, residential natural gas, gasoline, and home heating oil, purchased by consumers. FD4122 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED ENERGY includes energy goods purchased by the government. Examples of government purchased energy goods are jet fuel and diesel fuel. FD4123 ENERGY FOR EXPORT composed of energy goods sold as exports. Jet fuel, gasoline, and diesel fuel are examples of exported energy goods. FD413111 NONDURABLE CONSUMER GOODS LESS FOODS AND ENERGY contains nonfood and non-energy products ready for final consumption, with a life expectancy of less than 3 years. Examples include alcoholic beverages, women’s apparel, and cigarettes. FD413112 DURABLE CONSUMER GOODS contains nonfood and non-energy products ready for final consumption, with a life expectancy of more than 3 years. Examples include furniture, passenger cars, and appliances. FD413121 PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains products that will undergo no further processing and are used to manufacture or transport other goods in the manufacturing sector. These products are distinguished by the fact that they are amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I–O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples of capital equipment for the manufacturing industry include industrial molds, motor trucks, tractors, and conveying equipment. FD413122 PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES contains products that undergo no further processing and are used in the operation of nonmanufacturing industries. These products are distinguished by the fact that they are amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I-O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples of this category include telephone and telegraph equipment, office furniture, passenger cars bought by leasing companies, and civilian aircraft. FD41321 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS EXCLUDING FOODS, ENERGY, AND CAPITAL EQUIPMENT includes government-purchased durable and nondurable goods other than foods, energy, and capital equipment. FD41322 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL EQUIPMENT contains products that undergo no further processing and are used in the operation of the government. These products are distinguished by the fact that they are amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I–O tables as Gross Government Fixed Investment. Examples include military aircraft, and search, detection, navigation, and guidance systems and equipment. FD4133 GOODS FOR EXPORT EXCLUDING FOODS AND ENERGY composed of unprocessed and processed goods, other than foods and energy, sold as exports. Raw cotton, chemicals, and civilian aircraft are examples of goods for export excluding foods and energy. FD42111 FINISHED CONSUMER SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING includes services other than trade and transportation services purchased by consumers, such as telecommunication services, medical care, insurance, and lodging. FD42112 PRIVATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING composed of services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing services identified in the I–O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples include engineering services, support activities for oil and gas operations, and system software publishing. FD42121 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING EXCLUDING CAPITAL INVESTMENT includes government-purchased services other than trade, transportation, warehousing, and capital investment services. Examples are legal services and telecommunications services. FD42122 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL INVESTMENT SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING composed of government-purchased services other that trade, transportation, and warehousing identified in the I–O tables as Gross Government Fixed Investment. Examples include software publishing and information technology support services. FD4213 SERVICES FOR EXPORT LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING includes services sold by domestic producers to foreigners other that trade, transportation, and warehousing services. Engineering services and securities, brokerage, and investment advice are examples. FD42211 TRANSPORTATION OF PRIVATE PASSENGERS includes consumer travel services, such as airline passenger services and rail transportation of passengers. FD42212 TRANSPORTATION OF GOVERNMENT PASSENGERS includes government-purchased travel services. FD42213 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR EXPORT composed of travel services sold as exports. An example is airline passenger services. FD422211 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION GOODS includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods eventually sold to consumers. Examples of transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods are long distance motor carrying, deep sea water transportation of freight, and U.S. Postal Service. FD422212 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold as capital investment. This use category is identified in the I–O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. FD42222 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to government. FD42223 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF EXPORTS includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold as exports. FD42311 TRADE OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION GOODS composed of retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of a good. Examples of personal consumption trade services are apparel wholesaling, food and alcohol retailing, and automotive fuels and lubricant retailing. FD42312 TRADE OF PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold as capital equipment. Machinery and equipment wholesaling, furnishings wholesaling, and automotive retailing represent examples of private capital equipment trade services. FD42321 TRADE OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS EXCLUDING CAPITAL EQUIPMENT composed of retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to government other than capital equipment. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Examples include chemicals and allied products wholesaling and parts and supplies for machinery wholesaling. FD42322 TRADE OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL EQUIPMENT includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to government as capital equipment. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of a good. Examples of trade of government purchased capital investment are machinery and equipment wholesaling and furnishing wholesaling. FD4233 TRADE OF EXPORTS includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold as exports. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Examples include machinery and equipment wholesaling and alcohol wholesaling. FD431 CONSTRUCTION FOR PRIVATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT includes construction identified in the I-O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. All new construction is identified in the I–O tables as fixed investment. Examples include new office building construction, new industrial building construction, and new healthcare building construction. FD432 CONSTRUCTION FOR GOVERNMENT composed of all construction purchased by the government. New school building construction and maintenance and repair of nonresidential buildings are examples of construction for government. Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Methodology The intermediate demand by production flow portion of the FD-ID system reorganizes into four stages of production the same set of intermediate demand commodities included in the intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system. The stages are developed such that commodities in one stage are used as inputs to produce commodities in the next stage. The stage-based treatment of intermediate demand allows data users to study price transmission relationships between the intermediate stages of production as well as the relationship to final demand. To construct the intermediate demand by production flow indexes, a five-step procedure is followed. The procedure utilizes both BEA Make of commodities by industries and Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition tables. Both tables are included in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 2012, published by BEA. As stated earlier, Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition shows—for each commodity—the dollar value (in millions of dollars at producers’ prices) used by each industry and final user. The Make of commodities by industries table indicates the dollar value (in millions of dollars at producers’ prices) of each commodity made by each industry. The first step in the procedure is to determine the total production of each industry in the economy. In general, industries are classified as primary producers of specific goods or services; however, industries may also be secondary producers of other goods or services. A firm classified in the automobile industry, for example, produces primarily automobiles, but the same firm may also produce and sell additional commodities, such as car parts, scrap metal, or car rentals. These additional commodities are classified as secondary production. The first step therefore requires determining both the primary production and secondary production of each industry in the economy. The 2012 BEA Make of commodities by industries table was used for this purpose. The second step is to ascertain where the total output of each industry is consumed. This step requires determining, for each industry, the portion of the industry output consumed as final demand and the portion consumed as intermediate demand. For the intermediate-demand portion, determining which specific industries are consuming the industry’s output also is required. BEA 2012 Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition data were employed to make this determination. The third step in developing stages is to assign industries to stages of production. Within a stage-based system, transactions can be classified as forward flow, backflow, or internal flow. Forward flow occurs when an industry sells its output to an industry classified in a forward stage of production (to be used as an input) or to final demand. Internal flow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by another industry classified within the same stage of production. Backflow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by an industry classified in an earlier stage of production in the system. To successfully develop a forward-flowing system of price change, industries should be assigned to stages in a manner that minimizes backflow and internal flow while maximizing forward flow within the system. Towards this end, PPI assigned all industries included in the BEA I-O tables to stages in a manner that attempted to maximize net forward flow of the system. Net forward flow is defined as: Forward flow occurs when an industry sells its output to an industry classified in a forward stage of production (to be used as an input) or to final demand. Internal flow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by another industry classified within the same stage of production. Backflow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by an industry classified in an earlier stage of production in the system. Net forward flow = (forward shipments of the industry stage + inputs received from previous stages of process) - (backward shipments of the industry stage + inputs received from forward stages of process) The PPI program implements a two-step procedure to attempt to maximize net forward flow. In the first step, a set of rules is used to assign industries to stages and select the appropriate number of stages for the system. The system that the PPI program eventually chose is a four-stage system. The set of rules used to assign industries to the four stages is summarized as follows: Assign industry to stage 4 if shipments sold to final demand ≥ 75 percent of industry production. Assign industry to stage 3 if shipments sold to final demand and to stage 4 ≥ 65 percent of industry production and shipments sold to final demand < 75 percent of production. Assign industry to stage 2 if shipments sold to final demand, to stage 4, and to stage 3 ≥ 65 percent of industry production; and shipments sold to final demand and to stage 4 < 65 percent of production; and shipments sold to final demand < 75 percent. Assign industry to stage 1 if it does not meet the conditions of stage 4, 3, or 2. Before selecting the number of stages and set of rules just described, the PPI program examined many different sets of rules and numbers of stages. It eventually chose the aforementioned system because it maximized net forward flow as compared with other sets of rules examined. [4] After the assignment of industries to stages by use of the aforementioned rules, the second step in the procedure to maximize net forward flow was to examine the effects on net forward flow of moving individual industries to stages other than that to which they were originally assigned. In cases in which there were substantial gains to net forward flow, industries were left in the new stage. The PPI production-flow-based system exhibits strong forward flow and little backflow: 83.3 percent of transactions in the system are forward flowing, 5.6 percent are back flowing, and 11.1 percent are internally flowing. The fourth step in constructing the production-flow-based intermediate demand indexes is to determine the commodities to be included and weights to be used in the intermediate demand indexes. The four main indexes in the production flow system are stage 1 intermediate demand, stage 2 intermediate demand, stage 3 intermediate demand, and stage 4 intermediate demand. These indexes track prices for the inputs consumed by industries in each of the four stages of production. They do not track prices for the output produced by industries in each of the four stages of production. For example, the stage 4 intermediate demand index tracks price change for inputs consumed by industries included in the fourth stage of production. Recall that industries classified in the fourth stage of production mostly produce goods sold to final demand. The stage 4 intermediate demand index therefore measures price change in the inputs to production of industries that produce primarily final-demand commodities. The BEA Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition table is used to determine the set of commodities consumed by industries in each of the four stages. The use table indicates the commodities consumed by industries in terms of BEA I-O codes. Since FD-ID indexes are constructed from 6-digit PPI commodity group level indexes, BEA I-O codes are matched to 6-digit PPI codes through use of a concordance between the PPI commodity codes and BEA I-O data. In the end, through the BEA use table and the PPI/I-O concordance, the set of 6-digit PPI commodities consumed by each stage is determined, and these are the commodities that compose each of the four stages of intermediate demand included in the production flow model. The final step in developing the production flow indexes is to convert the indexes from gross weighted indexes to net weighted indexes. Net weighting is accomplished by removing transactions in which an input is both produced and consumed within a given stage. Net weighting eliminates multiple counting of price change from the production flow price indexes. Net weights are developed using both the BEA Use of commodities by industries and Make of commodities by industries tables. Appendix B, Table 1 presents the updated industry stage assignments based on 2007 I-O data. Appendix B, Table 2 presents shifts in industry stage assignments between 2002 and 2007 I-O data. Skip Appendix » Appendix A Skip Table » Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Final Demand Relative importance shift to final demand Title Index code Final Demand Goods Corn Prepared bituminous coal and lignite Unleaded regular gasoline Unleaded regular gasoline Trucks, truck tractors, & bus chassis 14,000 lb or less, incl. minivans & suvs Final Demand Services Long-distance motor carrying Affiliate agreements, programming sales, and retransmission fees for cable and broadcast tv Internet advertising sales, excluding Internet advertising sold by print publishers Securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice Portfolio management Life insurance Annuities Administrative and general management consulting services Food wholesaling Other commodities wholesaling Previous Updated Difference 012202 051209 057104 057104 141105 0.132 0.014 0.960 0.960 1.452 0.059 0.081 1.024 1.024 1.389 0.073 -0.067 -0.064 -0.064 0.063 301202 351101 365101 401101 402101 411101 412101 454101 578101 579101 1.799 0.216 0.130 0.574 1.540 0.276 0.345 0.171 1.006 1.871 1.688 0.333 0.026 0.785 2.391 0.439 0.550 0.307 0.897 1.725 0.111 -0.117 0.104 -0.211 -0.851 -0.163 -0.205 -0.136 0.109 0.146 Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Processed Goods Relative importance shift to final demand Title Index code Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand Malt beverages Pet food Unleaded regular gasoline Primary basic organic chemicals Other basic organics Pharmaceuticals acting on the central nervous system and the sense organs Plastic packaging products Sanitary paper products, including stock Integrated microcircuits Other aircraft parts and equipment 026101 029402 057104 061401 061403 063802 072A01 091501 117839 142501 Previous 0.108 0.096 1.521 1.798 2.709 0.219 1.098 0.485 0.413 0.666 Updated 0.229 0.211 1.223 1.613 2.840 0.126 0.981 0.297 0.512 0.771 Difference 0.121 0.115 -0.298 -0.185 0.131 -0.093 -0.117 -0.188 0.099 0.105 Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Unprocessed Goods Relative importance shift to final demand Title Index code Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand Fresh vegetables, except potatoes Wheat Corn Raw cotton Oilseeds Prepared bituminous coal and lignite Natural gas Crude petroleum (domestic production) Corrugated recyclable paper Copper and nickel ores 011302 012101 012202 015101 018301 051209 053101 056101 091203 102102 Previous 0.627 1.584 5.507 0.581 4.694 5.106 12.497 15.145 1.053 1.210 Updated Difference 0.451 1.769 6.855 0.747 3.679 3.864 12.774 16.285 0.651 0.960 -0.176 0.185 1.348 0.166 -1.015 -1.242 0.277 1.140 -0.402 -0.250 Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Services Relative importance shift to final demand Title Services for Intermediate Demand Affiliate agreements, programming sales, and retransmission fees for cable and broadcast tv Internet advertising sales, excluding Internet advertising sold by print publishers Cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication services Securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice Portfolio management Life insurance Annuities Temporary help services Co-employment staffing services Food wholesaling Index code 351101 365101 372101 401101 402101 411101 412101 463101 463201 578101 Previous 0.919 0.496 1.022 2.666 4.855 0.440 0.551 3.183 2.771 1.753 Updated 0.631 0.816 1.307 2.244 2.832 0.000 0.000 3.525 3.048 2.006 Difference -0.288 0.320 0.285 -0.422 -2.023 -0.440 -0.551 0.342 0.277 0.253 Appendix B Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Assignments The following table presents the final industry stage assignments of the PPI production flow model on the basis of 2012 BEA I–O data. Stage 1 includes 65 industries, stage 2 contains 76 industries, stage 3 includes 125 industries, and stage 4 contains 133 industries. ↩ Return to text Appendix B1. Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage Assignments Stage 1 BEA Code 113000 115000 211000 212100 212230 230301 311119 321100 321910 322110 322130 323120 325110 325120 325130 325180 325320 325520 325910 326130 327400 327992 331200 331313 331314 331410 331420 331490 332600 332710 332800 334610 335991 424700 425000 482000 486000 515200 524200 532400 541100 541200 541400 541512 541610 541800 550000 561100 561300 561400 561600 561700 561900 711200 711500 811300 811400 1111A0 2122A0 2123A0 48A000 52A000 54151A 5416A0 5419A0 Stage 2 BEA Code 111900 112120 BEA Title Forestry and logging Support activities for agriculture and forestry Oil and gas extraction Coal mining Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining Nonresidential maintenance and repair Other animal food manufacturing Sawmills and wood preservation Millwork Pulp mills Paperboard mills Support activities for printing Petrochemical manufacturing Industrial gas manufacturing Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing Adhesive manufacturing Printing ink manufacturing Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing Lime and gypsum product manufacturing Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel Alumina refining and primary aluminum production Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying Spring and wire product manufacturing Machine shops Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media Carbon and graphite product manufacturing Petroleum and petroleum products Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers Rail transportation Pipeline transportation Cable and other subscription programming Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing Legal services Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services Specialized design services Computer systems design services Management consulting services Advertising, public relations, and related services Management of companies and enterprises Office administrative services Employment services Business support services Investigation and security services Services to buildings and dwellings Other support services Spectator sports Independent artists, writers, and performers Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance Personal and household goods repair and maintenance Oilseed farming Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ore mining Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation Other computer related services, including facilities management Environmental and other technical consulting services All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services BEA Title Other crop farming Dairy cattle and milk production Stage 1 112300 212310 221100 221200 311224 313100 313200 313300 321200 322120 322210 322220 322299 323110 324110 324190 325211 325310 325510 326110 326140 327310 327910 327993 331110 331510 331520 332114 332119 332320 332500 332720 332913 332991 332996 332999 333413 333612 333613 334413 334418 334512 335920 484000 491000 492000 493000 511110 511120 512100 515100 519130 533000 541300 561200 562000 811200 1111B0 1121A0 112A00 3252A0 3259A0 33131B 33211A 33441A 423A00 424A00 5111A0 522A00 5241XX 531ORE S00101 S00102 S00202 Stage 3 BEA Code 111300 111400 114000 Poultry and egg production Stone mining and quarrying Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution Natural gas distribution Soybean and other oilseed processing Fiber, yarn, and thread mills Fabric mills Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing Paper mills Paperboard container manufacturing Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing All other converted paper product manufacturing Printing Petroleum refineries Other petroleum and coal products manufacturing Plastics material and resin manufacturing Fertilizer manufacturing Paint and coating manufacturing Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing Polystyrene foam product manufacturing Cement manufacturing Abrasive product manufacturing Mineral wool manufacturing Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing Ferrous metal foundries Nonferrous metal foundries Custom roll forming Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive) Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing Hardware manufacturing Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing Ball and roller bearing manufacturing Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing Other fabricated metal manufacturing Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment manufacturing Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing Semiconductor and related device manufacturing Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing Automatic environmental control manufacturing Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing Truck transportation Postal service Couriers and messengers Warehousing and storage Newspaper publishers Periodical Publishers Motion picture and video industries Radio and television broadcasting Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Architectural, engineering, and related services Facilities support services Waste management and remediation services Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance Grain farming Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose ranching and farming Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum All other forging, stamping, and sintering Other electronic component manufacturing Other durable goods merchant wholesalers Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers Directory, mailing list, and other publishers Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities Insurance carriers, except direct life Other real estate Federal electric utilities Other federal government enterprises State and local government electric utilities BEA Title Fruit and tree nut farming Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production Fishing, hunting and trapping Stage 1 221300 230302 311210 311221 311225 311300 311513 311514 311520 311615 311700 311920 311930 311940 312140 314110 314120 314900 322230 322291 324121 324122 325190 325411 325413 325414 326120 326150 326160 326190 326210 326220 326290 327100 327200 327320 327330 327390 327991 327999 332200 332310 332410 332420 332430 333318 333414 333415 333618 333993 334118 334210 334290 334514 334515 335110 335120 335228 335312 335313 335314 335911 335930 335999 336211 336310 336320 336350 336360 336370 336390 336412 336413 337110 337215 339112 339113 339114 339116 Water, sewage and other systems Residential maintenance and repair Flour milling and malt manufacturing Wet corn milling Fats and oils refining and blending Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing Cheese manufacturing Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing Poultry processing Seafood product preparation and packaging Coffee and tea manufacturing Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing Seasoning and dressing manufacturing Distilleries Carpet and rug mills Curtain and linen mills Other textile product mills Stationery product manufacturing Sanitary paper product manufacturing Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing Other basic organic chemical manufacturing Medicinal and botanical manufacturing In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, and unlaminated profile shape manufacturing Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing Plastics bottle manufacturing Other plastics product manufacturing Tire manufacturing Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing Other rubber product manufacturing Clay product and refractory manufacturing Glass and glass product manufacturing Ready-mix concrete manufacturing Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing Other concrete product manufacturing Cut stone and stone product manufacturing Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products Cutlery and handtool manufacturing Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing Other engine equipment manufacturing Packaging machinery manufacturing Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing Telephone apparatus manufacturing Other communications equipment manufacturing Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing Lighting fixture manufacturing Other major household appliance manufacturing Motor and generator manufacturing Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing Relay and industrial control manufacturing Storage battery manufacturing Wiring device manufacturing All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing Motor vehicle body manufacturing Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing Motor vehicle metal stamping Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing Dental laboratories Stage 1 339940 339950 339990 423100 423400 423600 423800 424200 424400 441000 444000 481000 485000 511200 512200 517110 517210 518200 523900 532100 541511 541920 561500 621500 621900 721000 812300 31151A 31161A 3219A0 33291A 33351B 33399B 3363A0 33641A 33721A 5191A0 523A00 532A00 711A00 722A00 S00201 S00203 Stage 4 BEA Code 111200 213111 233210 233230 233240 233262 233411 233412 311111 311230 311410 311420 311810 311910 311990 312110 312120 312130 312200 315000 316000 325412 325610 325620 333111 333112 333120 333130 333242 333314 333316 333511 333514 333517 Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing Sign manufacturing All other miscellaneous manufacturing Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies Professional and commercial equipment and supplies Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods Machinery, equipment, and supplies Drugs and druggists’ sundries Grocery and related product wholesalers Motor vehicle and parts dealers Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers Air transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Software publishers Sound recording industries Wired telecommunications carriers Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) Data processing, hosting, and related services Other financial investment activities Automotive equipment rental and leasing Custom computer programming services Photographic services Travel arrangement and reservation services Medical and diagnostic laboratories Other ambulatory health care services Accommodation Dry-cleaning and laundry services Fluid milk and butter manufacturing Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing All other wood product manufacturing Valve and fittings other than plumbing Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machinery manufacturing Fluid power process machinery Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake systems manufacturing Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage General and consumer goods rental Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures All other food and drinking places State and local government passenger transit Other state and local government enterprises BEA Title Vegetable and melon farming Drilling oil and gas wells Health care structures Manufacturing structures Power and communication structures Educational and vocational structures Single-family residential structures Multifamily residential structures Dog and cat food manufacturing Breakfast cereal manufacturing Frozen food manufacturing Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying Bread and bakery product manufacturing Snack food manufacturing All other food manufacturing Soft drink and ice manufacturing Breweries Wineries Tobacco product manufacturing Apparel manufacturing Leather and allied product manufacturing Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing Toilet preparation manufacturing Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing Construction machinery manufacturing Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing Semiconductor machinery manufacturing Optical instrument and lens manufacturing Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing Industrial mold manufacturing Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing Machine tool manufacturing Stage 1 333611 333912 333920 333991 333994 334111 334112 334220 334300 334510 334511 334513 334516 334517 335210 335221 335222 335224 335311 335912 336111 336112 336120 336212 336213 336214 336411 336414 336500 336611 336612 336991 336992 336999 337121 337122 337127 337900 339115 339910 339920 339930 445000 446000 447000 448000 452000 454000 483000 511130 524113 525000 541700 541940 611100 621100 621200 621300 621400 621600 622000 624100 624400 711100 712000 713100 713200 713900 722110 722211 811100 812100 812200 812900 813100 814000 21311A 2332A0 2332C0 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing Air and gas compressor manufacturing Material handling equipment manufacturing Power-driven handtool manufacturing Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing Electronic computer manufacturing Computer storage device manufacturing Broadcast and wireless communications equipment Audio and video equipment manufacturing Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing Irradiation apparatus manufacturing Small electrical appliance manufacturing Household cooking appliance manufacturing Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing Household laundry equipment manufacturing Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing Primary battery manufacturing Automobile manufacturing Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing Heavy duty truck manufacturing Truck trailer manufacturing Motor home manufacturing Travel trailer and camper manufacturing Aircraft manufacturing Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing Railroad rolling stock manufacturing Ship building and repairing Boat building Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing All other transportation equipment manufacturing Upholstered household furniture manufacturing Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing Institutional furniture manufacturing Other furniture related product manufacturing Ophthalmic goods manufacturing Jewelry and silverware manufacturing Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing Doll, toy, and game manufacturing Food and beverage stores Health and personal care stores Gasoline stations Clothing and clothing accessories stores General merchandise stores Nonstore retailers Water transportation Book publishers Direct life insurance carriers Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Scientific research and development services Veterinary services Elementary and secondary schools Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Offices of other health practitioners Outpatient care centers Home health care services Hospitals Individual and family services Child day care services Performing arts companies Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Amusement parks and arcades Gambling industries (except casino hotels) Other amusement and recreation industries Full-service restaurants Limited-service restaurants Automotive repair and maintenance Personal care services Death care services Other personal services Religious organizations Private households Other support activities for mining Office and commercial structures Transportation structures and highways and streets Stage 1 2332D0 2334A0 3118A0 33299A 33329A 33391A 33399A 33451A 33712N 4B0000 517A00 531HSO 531HST 611A00 611B00 623A00 623B00 624A00 813A00 813B00 Other nonresidential structures Other residential structures Cookie, cracker, pasta, and tortilla manufacturing Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing Other industrial machinery manufacturing Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing Other general purpose machinery manufacturing Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing Other household nonupholstered furniture All other retail Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications Owner-occupied housing Tenant-occupied housing Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools Other educational services Nursing and community care facilities Residential mental health, substance abuse, and other residential care facilities Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations To examine industry shifts resulting from the FD-ID allocations update, the following table compares industry stage assignments, based 2007 I-O data, with the current assignments, based on 2012 I-O data. Skip Table » Table B2. 2012 Versus 2007 Stage Assignments for Comparable Industries BEA Code 1111A0 1111B0 111200 111300 111400 111900 112120 1121A0 112300 112A00 113000 114000 115000 211000 212100 212230 2122A0 212310 2123A0 213111 21311A 221100 221200 221300 230301 230302 233210 233230 233240 233262 2332A0 2332C0 2332D0 233411 233412 2334A0 311111 311119 311210 311221 311224 311225 311230 311300 311410 311420 311513 311514 31151A 311520 311615 BEA Industry Oilseed farming Grain farming Vegetable and melon farming Fruit and tree nut farming Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production Other crop farming Dairy cattle and milk production Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose ranching and farming Poultry and egg production Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs Forestry and logging Fishing, hunting and trapping Support activities for agriculture and forestry Oil and gas extraction Coal mining Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ore mining Stone mining and quarrying Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying Drilling oil and gas wells Other support activities for mining Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution Natural gas distribution Water, sewage and other systems Nonresidential maintenance and repair Residential maintenance and repair Health care structures Manufacturing structures Power and communication structures Educational and vocational structures Office and commercial structures Transportation structures and highways and streets Other nonresidential structures Single-family residential structures Multifamily residential structures Other residential structures Dog and cat food manufacturing Other animal food manufacturing Flour milling and malt manufacturing Wet corn milling Soybean and other oilseed processing Fats and oils refining and blending Breakfast cereal manufacturing Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing Frozen food manufacturing Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying Cheese manufacturing Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing Fluid milk and butter manufacturing Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing Poultry processing 2012 Assignment 1 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2007 Assignment 1 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 NA NA 4 4 4 4 1 3 2 NA 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 BEA Code 31161A 311700 311810 3118A0 311910 311920 311930 311940 311990 312110 312120 312130 312140 312200 313100 313200 313300 314110 314120 314900 315000 316000 321100 321200 321910 3219A0 322110 322120 322130 322210 322220 322230 322291 322299 323110 323120 324110 324121 324122 324190 325110 325120 325130 325180 325190 325211 3252A0 325310 325320 325411 325412 325413 325414 325510 325520 325610 325620 325910 3259A0 326110 326120 326130 326140 326150 326160 326190 326210 326220 326290 327100 327200 327310 327320 327330 327390 327400 327910 327991 327992 BEA Industry Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing Seafood product preparation and packaging Bread and bakery product manufacturing Cookie, cracker, pasta, and tortilla manufacturing Snack food manufacturing Coffee and tea manufacturing Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing Seasoning and dressing manufacturing All other food manufacturing Soft drink and ice manufacturing Breweries Wineries Distilleries Tobacco product manufacturing Fiber, yarn, and thread mills Fabric mills Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills Carpet and rug mills Curtain and linen mills Other textile product mills Apparel manufacturing Leather and allied product manufacturing Sawmills and wood preservation Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing Millwork All other wood product manufacturing Pulp mills Paper mills Paperboard mills Paperboard container manufacturing Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing Stationery product manufacturing Sanitary paper product manufacturing All other converted paper product manufacturing Printing Support activities for printing Petroleum refineries Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing Other petroleum and coal products manufacturing Petrochemical manufacturing Industrial gas manufacturing Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing Other basic organic chemical manufacturing Plastics material and resin manufacturing Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing Fertilizer manufacturing Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing Medicinal and botanical manufacturing Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing Paint and coating manufacturing Adhesive manufacturing Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing Toilet preparation manufacturing Printing ink manufacturing All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, and unlaminated profile shape manufacturing Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing Polystyrene foam product manufacturing Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing Plastics bottle manufacturing Other plastics product manufacturing Tire manufacturing Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing Other rubber product manufacturing Clay product and refractory manufacturing Glass and glass product manufacturing Cement manufacturing Ready-mix concrete manufacturing Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing Other concrete product manufacturing Lime and gypsum product manufacturing Abrasive product manufacturing Cut stone and stone product manufacturing Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing 2012 Assignment 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 3 3 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 2007 Assignment 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 4 3 3 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 BEA Code 327993 327999 331110 331200 331313 331314 33131B 331410 331420 331490 331510 331520 332114 332119 33211A 332200 332310 332320 332410 332420 332430 332500 332600 332710 332720 332800 332913 33291A 332991 332996 332999 33299A 333111 333112 333120 333130 333242 33329A 333314 333316 333318 333413 333414 333415 333511 333514 333517 33351B 333611 333612 333613 333618 333912 33391A 333920 333991 333993 333994 33399A 33399B 334111 334112 334118 334210 334220 334290 334300 334413 334418 33441A 334510 334511 334512 334513 334514 334515 334516 334517 33451A BEA Industry Mineral wool manufacturing Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel Alumina refining and primary aluminum production Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying Ferrous metal foundries Nonferrous metal foundries Custom roll forming Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive) All other forging, stamping, and sintering Cutlery and handtool manufacturing Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing Hardware manufacturing Spring and wire product manufacturing Machine shops Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing Valve and fittings other than plumbing Ball and roller bearing manufacturing Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing Other fabricated metal manufacturing Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing Construction machinery manufacturing Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing Semiconductor machinery manufacturing Other industrial machinery manufacturing Optical instrument and lens manufacturing Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment manufacturing Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing Industrial mold manufacturing Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing Machine tool manufacturing Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machinery manufacturing Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing Other engine equipment manufacturing Air and gas compressor manufacturing Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing Material handling equipment manufacturing Power-driven handtool manufacturing Packaging machinery manufacturing Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing Other general purpose machinery manufacturing Fluid power process machinery Electronic computer manufacturing Computer storage device manufacturing Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing Telephone apparatus manufacturing Broadcast and wireless communications equipment Other communications equipment manufacturing Audio and video equipment manufacturing Semiconductor and related device manufacturing Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing Other electronic component manufacturing Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing Automatic environmental control manufacturing Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing Irradiation apparatus manufacturing Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing 2012 Assignment 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 2007 Assignment 2 2 1 1 NA 1 1 NA 1 1 2 2 2 NA 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 NA 4 4 4 4 4 NA 4 4 NA NA NA 3 3 4 4 NA 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 NA 2 4 3 4 2 2 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 BEA Code 334610 335110 335120 335210 335221 335222 335224 335228 335311 335312 335313 335314 335911 335912 335920 335930 335991 335999 336111 336112 336120 336211 336212 336213 336214 336310 336320 336350 336360 336370 336390 3363A0 336411 336412 336413 336414 33641A 336500 336611 336612 336991 336992 336999 337110 337121 337122 337127 33712N 337215 33721A 337900 339112 339113 339114 339115 339116 339910 339920 339930 339940 339950 339990 423100 423400 423600 423800 423A00 424200 424400 424700 424A00 425000 441000 444000 445000 446000 447000 448000 452000 BEA Industry Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing Lighting fixture manufacturing Small electrical appliance manufacturing Household cooking appliance manufacturing Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing Household laundry equipment manufacturing Other major household appliance manufacturing Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing Motor and generator manufacturing Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing Relay and industrial control manufacturing Storage battery manufacturing Primary battery manufacturing Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing Wiring device manufacturing Carbon and graphite product manufacturing All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing Automobile manufacturing Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing Heavy duty truck manufacturing Motor vehicle body manufacturing Truck trailer manufacturing Motor home manufacturing Travel trailer and camper manufacturing Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing Motor vehicle metal stamping Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake systems manufacturing Aircraft manufacturing Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles Railroad rolling stock manufacturing Ship building and repairing Boat building Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing All other transportation equipment manufacturing Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing Upholstered household furniture manufacturing Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing Institutional furniture manufacturing Other household nonupholstered furniture Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing Other furniture related product manufacturing Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing Ophthalmic goods manufacturing Dental laboratories Jewelry and silverware manufacturing Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing Doll, toy, and game manufacturing Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing Sign manufacturing All other miscellaneous manufacturing Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies Professional and commercial equipment and supplies Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods Machinery, equipment, and supplies Other durable goods merchant wholesalers Drugs and druggists’ sundries Grocery and related product wholesalers Petroleum and petroleum products Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers Motor vehicle and parts dealers Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers Food and beverage stores Health and personal care stores Gasoline stations Clothing and clothing accessories stores General merchandise stores 2012 Assignment 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 1 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2007 Assignment 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 2 3 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 NA 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 NA 4 NA NA NA 4 BEA Code 454000 481000 482000 483000 484000 485000 486000 48A000 491000 492000 493000 4B0000 511110 511120 511130 5111A0 511200 512100 512200 515100 515200 517110 517210 517A00 518200 519130 5191A0 522A00 523900 523A00 524113 5241XX 524200 525000 52A000 531HSO 531HST 531ORE 532100 532400 532A00 533000 541100 541200 541300 541400 541511 541512 54151A 541610 5416A0 541700 541800 541920 541940 5419A0 550000 561100 561200 561300 561400 561500 561600 561700 561900 562000 611100 611A00 611B00 621100 621200 621300 621400 621500 621600 621900 622000 623A00 623B00 BEA Industry Nonstore retailers Air transportation Rail transportation Water transportation Truck transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Pipeline transportation Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation Postal service Couriers and messengers Warehousing and storage All other retail Newspaper publishers Periodical Publishers Book publishers Directory, mailing list, and other publishers Software publishers Motion picture and video industries Sound recording industries Radio and television broadcasting Cable and other subscription programming Wired telecommunications carriers Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications Data processing, hosting, and related services Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities Other financial investment activities Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage Direct life insurance carriers Insurance carriers, except direct life Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation Owner-occupied housing Tenant-occupied housing Other real estate Automotive equipment rental and leasing Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing General and consumer goods rental Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Legal services Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services Architectural, engineering, and related services Specialized design services Custom computer programming services Computer systems design services Other computer related services, including facilities management Management consulting services Environmental and other technical consulting services Scientific research and development services Advertising, public relations, and related services Photographic services Veterinary services All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Office administrative services Facilities support services Employment services Business support services Travel arrangement and reservation services Investigation and security services Services to buildings and dwellings Other support services Waste management and remediation services Elementary and secondary schools Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools Other educational services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Offices of other health practitioners Outpatient care centers Medical and diagnostic laboratories Home health care services Other ambulatory health care services Hospitals Nursing and community care facilities Residential mental health, substance abuse, and other residential care facilities 2012 Assignment 4 3 1 4 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2007 Assignment NA 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 NA 1 2 4 1 4 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 NA NA 1 4 2 NA NA NA 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 BEA Code 624100 624400 624A00 711100 711200 711500 711A00 712000 713100 713200 713900 721000 722110 722211 722A00 811100 811200 811300 811400 812100 812200 812300 812900 813100 813A00 813B00 814000 S00101 S00102 S00201 S00202 S00203 BEA Industry Individual and family services Child day care services Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services Performing arts companies Spectator sports Independent artists, writers, and performers Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks Amusement parks and arcades Gambling industries (except casino hotels) Other amusement and recreation industries Accommodation Full-service restaurants Limited-service restaurants All other food and drinking places Automotive repair and maintenance Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance Personal and household goods repair and maintenance Personal care services Death care services Dry-cleaning and laundry services Other personal services Religious organizations Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations Private households Federal electric utilities Other federal government enterprises State and local government passenger transit State and local government electric utilities Other state and local government enterprises 2012 Assignment 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 2 1 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 2007 Assignment 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 ↩ Return to text Footnotes [1] For a detailed description of the FD–ID system as well as other information pertaining to the system, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/ppi-final-demandintermediate-demand-aggregation-system.htm. ↩ [2] This table is found in Benchmark Input–Output Accounts of the United States, 2012, published by BEA at https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data. ↩ [3] In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different buyer types, so commodities are often included in several FD–ID indexes. For example, regular gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use. The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline, reflecting sales to all types of buyers. It is this index that is used in all FD–ID aggregations, regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to government, or to businesses, with differences accounted for in the applicable weights to each aggregate FD or ID index. In some cases, buyer type is an important price determining characteristic and results in commodity indexes being created on that basis. For example, within the PPI category for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were constructed. In this case, the commodity index for consumer loans would be included in the final–demand index, and the commodity index for business loans would fall under intermediate demand. ↩ [4] For a detailed description of the methodology used to develop the PPI production flow model, see http://www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/2002-bea-data-analysis-for-thedevelopment-of-the-experimental-ppi-aggregation-system.pd. ↩ (How to View PDF Fies ) Back to Top Last Modified Date: February 17, 2021 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Producer Price Index, PSB Suite 3840 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 Telephone:1-202-691-7705 www.bls.gov/PPI Contact PPI