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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Producer Price Indexes

PPI

PPI Updates Commodity Weight Allocations for the Final Demand–Intermediate Demand Aggregation
Structure
Notice
Effective with the release of January 2021 data on February 17, 2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) updated the weight allocations used to calculate its Final
Demand–Intermediate Demand (FD–ID) Producer Price Indexes (PPI). PPI weights continue to be based on shipment values from the 2012 economic census. However,
to more accurately reflect recent sales patterns, BLS changed the proportion of these weights allocated to the various FD–ID categories to base them on data published
in the 2012 Input–Output (I–O) Accounts from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The allocations were previously based on the 2007 I-O Accounts. This update
affects all portions of the PPI FD-ID system: final demand indexes, intermediate demand by commodity type indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow
indexes.
This notice discusses updates to final demand and intermediate demand by commodity type indexes together and then describes updates to the intermediate demand
by production flow indexes.[1]
The allocation update will not change the PPI classification system, reference base, aggregation structure, or historical index data. The update does cause some
significant, though not unexpected, shifts in the relative importance of component series in the FD–ID system. Appendix A of this report presents some of these more
noteworthy shifts.

Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Methodology
The primary data source used in the weight allocations of the PPI commodity FD–ID indexes by commodity type is the Use of commodities by industries, before
redefinition table (hereafter known as the use table). [2] The use table shows—for each commodity group—the dollar value (in millions of dollars at producers' prices)
used by each industry and final user.
BLS analysts convert these dollar values of use to percentages and sum them to 100 percent for each I–O commodity group. Analysts truncate individual values of less
than 0.5 percent and normalize the residual values.
BLS analysts then determine the FD–ID categories that correspond to the uses of each commodity group in the I–O table. Next, analysts analyze each detailed record
on the I–O table and assign it to one or more of the detailed FD–ID codes. These assignments combine information about the type of use indicated in the table and
informed judgment by BLS analysts relating to definitions of the FD–ID categories. The next section of this article includes these definitions. Only the lowest level FD–ID
codes are used in the assignment process. Analysts do not make direct assignments to the higher level FD–ID codes (for example, FD4 Final Demand). These higher
level indexes are calculated through aggregation of the lower level FD–ID indexes.
To make the FD–ID assignments, the analyst determines
1. What is the product (transportation service, food, fuel, capital equipment, trade service, unprocessed material input, processed material input, etc.)?
2. In what manner will this product be used by the consuming industry or user? The combined answer to these questions determines the appropriate FD–ID code assignment.
Often, the same product will fall into different FD–ID categories, depending on its use. For example, fresh fruit purchased by households is considered a Crude Finished
Consumer Food (FD41113), while the same fruit purchased by a food company for canning is considered an Unprocessed Foodstuff and Feedstuff (ID621).
BLS analysts assign FD–ID weight allocations at the PPI 6-digit commodity group level, because this is the level used for building the lowest level FD–ID indexes. In the
next step, analysts match the 6-digit PPI codes with I–O codes in the BEA use table, using a concordance between the PPI and the North American Standard Industrial
Classification System (NAICS). BEA I–O data are generally classified according to NAICS. BEA provides a concordance between the NAICS and the I–O industry and
commodity codes, which further enhances the match. Next, BLS analysts apply the percentage allocations by FD–ID for each PPI 6-digit code to the total value weight
of the 6-digit commodity. The resultant products are used in their respective FD–ID aggregations for index calculation. Relative importance weights are then calculated
for component 6-digit series in the PPI by FD–ID. [3]

Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Structure and Definitions
Type of buyer and type of commodity are two concepts inherent in the Final Demand—Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type categorization.
The two main buyer types are final-demand buyers and intermediate-demand buyers.
Final-demand buyers include consumers, government, foreigners, and domestic industries that purchase the commodity as capital investment.
Intermediate demand buyers consist of domestic industries that purchase the commodity as an input to production, excluding capital investment.
The four main type of commodities are unprocessed goods, processed goods, services, and construction.
Unprocessed goods are goods that have undergone no fabrication. For PPI purposes, unprocessed goods can be subject to picking, sorting, washing, packing, or transporting.
Processed goods include goods that have been subjected to a treatment or series of treatments that in some way alters the initial physical nature or function of the goods.
Mixing goods or assembling components is considered processing because, though the good itself is not changed, its function or usefulness is altered
Services include trade services; transportation and warehousing services; and services excluding trade, transportation, and warehousing. Trade services encompass both
wholesale and retail . The PPI views wholesalers and retailers as suppliers of distributive services (rather than as suppliers of goods), because little, if any, transformation of
these goods takes place. This approach implies that the output of a wholesale or retail trade establishment is represented by the difference between its selling price of a good
and the acquisition price for that same item. Gross margin prices, as collected by PPI, reflect the value added by the establishment for services such as marketing, storing, and
displaying goods in convenient locations and making the goods easily available for customers to purchase. Transportation services include transportation of passengers,
transportation of cargo, services related to transportation, and warehousing and storage of goods. Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing include all other types
of services, such as health care services, professional services, financial services, entertainment services, etc.

Construction encompasses the creation and maintenance and repair of buildings or other engineering projects.
The Final Demand–Intermediate Demand (by commodity type) system consists of five major portions differentiated by the type of commodity and class of buyer. The
five major FD–ID categories are processed goods for intermediate demand; unprocessed goods for intermediate demand; services for intermediate demand;
construction for intermediate demand, and final demand.
Processed goods for intermediate demand include fabricated goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production, excluding capital investment.
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand are goods that have undergone no fabrication and are purchased by businesses as inputs to production.
Services for intermediate demand include trade services; transportation and warehousing services; and services less trade, transportation, and warehousing purchased by
businesses as inputs to production.
Construction for intermediate demand includes maintenance and repair construction purchased by businesses.
Final demand include all types of commodities (goods, services, and construction) consumed as personal consumption, by government, by businesses as capital investment,
and as exports.
The full Final Demand–Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type structure is provided below. Direct weight allocations are made to the FD–ID categories which are
italicized. Definitions of the detailed indexes follow the listing of their respective structure.

Structure of Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Table 1
Index Code
ID61
ID611
ID6111
ID61111
ID61112
ID61113
ID6112
ID61121
ID61122
ID612
ID6121
ID6122
ID613
ID6131
ID6132
ID614
ID615
ID6151
ID6152
ID61521
ID61522

Title
Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Materials and Components for Manufacturing
Materials for Manufacturing
Materials for Food Manufacturing
Materials for Nondurable Manufacturing
Materials for Durable Manufacturing
Components for Manufacturing
Components for Nondurable Manufacturing
Components for Durable Manufacturing
Materials and Components for Construction
Materials for Construction
Components for Construction
Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Intermediate Demand
Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Manufacturing Industries
Processed Fuels and Lubricants for Nonmanufacturing Industries
Containers for Intermediate Demand
Supplies for Intermediate Demand
Supplies to Manufacturing Industries
Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries
Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries, Feeds
Supplies to Nonmanufacturing Industries, Other than Feeds

Definitions of Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Skip Definitions»
ID61111 MATERIALS FOR FOOD MANUFACTURING

contains partially processed food products that must undergo further preparation before reaching the final customer. Examples of materials for food manufacturing
include milk products, canned or frozen fruits and vegetables, processed sugars, and certain chemicals.
ID61112 MATERIALS FOR NONDURABLE MANUFACTURING

contains partially processed products that will undergo further preparation or usage in the manufacture of goods which have a life expectancy of less than 3 years.
Examples of materials for nondurables manufacturing include cotton yarn used for shirts and woodpulp used to make paper.
ID61113 MATERIALS FOR DURABLE MANUFACTURING

contains partially processed products that will undergo further preparation or usage in the manufacture of goods that have a life expectancy of more than 3 years.
Examples of materials for durable manufacturing include textile materials, lumber, metals, and cement.
ID61121 COMPONENTS FOR NONDURABLE MANUFACTURING

includes products, such as buttons and springs that are completely finished except for installation or assembly into a larger nondurable item. Nondurable goods are
considered to have a life expectancy of less than 3 years.
ID61122 COMPONENTS FOR DURABLE MANUFACTURING

includes products, such as pumps, valves, and fittings that are completely finished except for installation or assembly into a larger durable item. Durable goods are
considered to have a life expectancy of 3 years or more.
ID6121 MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

includes partially finished products that will undergo further preparation into a construction product. This usage is specifically defined in the I-O tables. Examples include
lumber, concrete pipe, and architectural coatings.
ID6122 COMPONENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION

includes completely finished products that will undergo installation into a construction product. This usage is specifically defined in the I–O tables. Examples include
metal doors and water heaters.
ID6131 PROCESSED FUELS AND LUBRICANTS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes fuel and related products used in manufacturing industries to generate heat and power and for lubrication. Examples include industrial electric power, industrial
natural gas, gasoline, diesel fuel, and greases and oils.
ID6132 PROCESSED FUELS AND LUBRICANTS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes fuel and related products used in nonmanufacturing industries to generate heat and power and for lubrication. Examples include commercial electric power,
commercial natural gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and greases and oils.
ID614 CONTAINERS FOR INTERMEDIATE DEMAND

contains paper, wood, plastic, metal, and glass receptacles used to ease the transport of unwieldy items.
ID6151 SUPPLIES TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes products consumed in the manufacturing industries during the course of production or distribution of other items but not physically incorporated in those items.
These products are distinguished from capital equipment in that they are not amortized. Examples of supplies for manufacturing industries include plastic packaging,
small cutting tools, and machinery.
ID61521 SUPPLIES TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, FEEDS

includes feed products consumed by animals in the livestock industry. Examples of manufactured animal feeds include poultry feed, hog feed, vegetable cakes, and
meal fee.
ID61522 SUPPLIES TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, OTHER THAN FEEDS

includes products used in the nonmanufacturing sector other than the animal feed industry, which are consumed during the course of production or distribution of other
items but not physically incorporated in those items. Examples include sedatives for hospitals, tires, motor vehicle parts for auto repair shops, and photographic
supplies.

Structure of Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Table 2
ID62
ID621
ID622
ID6221
ID62211
ID62212
ID6222
ID62221
ID62222

Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Unprocessed Foodstuffs and Feedstuffs
Unprocessed Nonfood Materials
Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel
Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel to Manufacturing Industries
Unprocessed Nonfood Materials, Except Fuel to Nonmanufacturing Industries
Unprocessed Fuel
Unprocessed Fuel to Manufacturing Industries
Unprocessed Fuel to Nonmanufacturing Industries

Definitions of Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Skip Definitions »
ID621 UNPROCESSED FOODSTUFFS AND FEEDSTUFFS

contains basic agricultural products that will undergo some processing prior to becoming completed food products, as well agricultural products consumed directly by
the agricultural sector. Examples include fresh fruit that will be canned or raw corn consumed by livestock as animal feed. Other examples would be cattle, hogs, or
chickens intended for slaughter, or raw cane sugar that will be refined.
ID62211 UNPROCESSED NONFOOD MATERIALS, EXCEPT FUEL TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains minerals, agricultural products, and scrap materials that are intended to be used in a manufacturing process other than manufacturing of foods. Raw cotton
that will be turned into yarn, or aluminum base scrap that will end up as refined aluminum, are examples of this category. Crude petroleum is contained in this grouping
rather than in Crude Fuels, because it is not used as a fuel in its crude state; it can be used as a raw material in manufacturing (for example, synthetic rubber or
pharmaceuticals). Also included in the category are agricultural inputs to manufactures of pet foods and alcoholic beverages.
ID62212 UNPROCESSED NONFOOD MATERIALS, EXCEPT FUEL TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes products such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone primarily used in the construction industry.
ID62221 UNPROCESSED FUEL TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains unrefined energy sources, specifically coal and natural gas, used to generate heat and power in manufacturing industries.
ID62222 UNPROCESSED FUEL TO NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes coal and natural gas used to generate heat and power in nonmanufacturing industries.

Structure of Services for Intermediate Demand
Skip Table »

Table 3
Index Code
ID63
ID631
ID6311
ID6312
ID632
ID6321
ID63211
ID63212
ID6322
ID63221
ID63222
ID633
ID6331
ID6332

Title
Services for Intermediate Demand
Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Intermediate Demand
Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Manufacturing Industries
Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing for Nonmanufacturing Industries
Transportation and Warehousing Services for Intermediate Demand
Transportation of Passengers for Intermediate Demand
Transportation of Passengers for Manufacturing Industries
Transportation of Passengers for Nonmanufacturing Industries
Transportation and Warehousing of Goods for Intermediate Demand
Transportation of Goods for Manufacturing Industries
Transportation of Goods for Nonmanufacturing Industries
Trade Services for Intermediate Demand
Trade Services for Manufacturing Industries
Trade Services Nonmanufacturing Industries

Definitions of Services for Intermediate Demand

Skip Definitions »
ID6311 SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes services used by the manufacturing sector other than trade and transportation services. Examples include manufacturing services, such as contract work on
textiles and metal coating and allied services, as well as other types of services, including engineering services, truck rental, and software publishing.
ID6312 SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes services used by nonmanufacturing sectors other than trade and transportation services. Financial services, legal services, architectural services, consulting
services, and telecommunication services are examples.
ID63211 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
ID63212 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

composed of business travel services, including railroad and airline passenger services, purchased by nonmanufacturing industries.
ID63221 TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. Examples include pipeline transportation of
petroleum products, long-distance motor carrying, and rail transportation of freight and mail.
ID63222 TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to nonmanufacturing industries. Examples include U.S. Postal Service, air
transportation of freight, courier and messenger services, and marine cargo handling.
ID6331 TRADE SERVICES FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the
difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Parts and supplies for machinery and equipment wholesaling; metals, mineral, and ores wholesaling; and
paper and plastics wholesaling are examples of trade services for manufacturing industries.
ID6332 TRADE SERVICES FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to nonmanufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the
difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Examples include hardware and building materials and supplies retailing, chemicals and allied products
wholesaling, and automotive parts retailing.

Structure of Construction for Intermediate Demand
Skip Table »

Table 4
Index Code
ID64

Title
Construction for Intermediate Demand

Definitions of Construction for Intermediate Demand
Skip Definitions »
ID64 CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERMEDIATE DEMAND

includes maintenance and repair construction purchased by businesses as inputs to construction. Note that all new construction is defined as capital investment and is
included under final demand.

Structure of Final Demand
Skip Table »

Table 5
Index Code
FD4
FD41
FD411
FD4111
FD41112
FD41113
FD4112
FD4113
FD412
FD4121
FD4122
FD4123
FD413
FD4131
FD41311
FD413111
FD413112
FD41312
FD413121
FD413122
FD4132
FD41321
FD41322
FD4133
FD42
FD421

Title
Final Demand
Final Demand Goods
Final Demand Foods
Finished Consumer Foods
Finished Consumer Foods, Processed
Finished Consumer Foods, Crude
Government Purchased Foods
Foods for Export
Final Demand Energy
Finished Consumer Energy Goods
Government Purchased Energy
Energy for Export
Final Demand Goods less Foods and Energy
Finished Goods less Foods and Energy
Finished Consumer Goods less Foods and Energy
Nondurable Consumer Goods less Foods and Energy
Durable Consumer Goods
Private Capital Equipment
Private Capital Equipment for Manufacturing Industries
Private Capital Equipment for Nonmanufacturing Industries
Government Purchased Goods Excluding Foods and Energy
Government Purchased Goods Excluding Foods, Energy, and Capital Equipment
Government Purchased Capital Equipment
Goods for Export excluding Foods and Energy
Final Demand Services
Final Demand Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing

Index Code
FD4211
FD42111
FD42112
FD4212
FD42121
FD42122
FD4213
FD422
FD4221
FD42211
FD42212
FD42213
FD4222
FD42221
FD422211
FD422212
FD42222
FD42223
FD423
FD4231
FD42311
FD42312
FD4232
FD42321
FD42322
FD43
FD431
FD432

Title
Finished Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Finished Consumer Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Private Capital Investment Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Government Purchased Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Government Purchased Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing excluding Capital Investment
Government Purchased Capital Investment Services less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Services for Export less Trade, Transportation, and Warehousing
Final Demand Transportation and Warehousing Services
Transportation of Passengers for Final Demand
Transportation of Private Passengers
Transportation of Government Passengers
Transportation of Passengers for Export
Transportation and Warehousing of Goods for Final Demand
Transportation and Warehousing of Finished Goods
Transportation and Warehousing of Personal Consumption Goods
Transportation and Warehousing of Private Capital Equipment
Transportation and Warehousing of Government Purchased Goods
Transportation and Warehousing of Exports
Final Demand Trade Services
Trade of Finished Goods
Trade of Personal Consumption Goods
Trade of Private Capital Equipment
Trade of Government Purchased Goods
Trade of Government Purchased Goods Excluding Capital Equipment
Trade of Government Purchased Capital Equipment
Trade of Exports
Final Demand Construction
Construction for Private Capital Investment
Construction for Government

Definitions of Final Demand
Skip Definitions »
FD41112 FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS, PROCESSED

contains prepared food products that go directly to the consumer. Examples of processed finished foods include bread, packaged fluid milk and related products, candy
and nuts, and carbonated drinks.
FD41112 FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS, CRUDE

contains basic food products such as fresh fruits and vegetables that are used in an unprocessed state by the consumer.
FD4112 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED FOODS

includes both processed and unprocessed foods purchased by government.
FD4113 FOODS FOR EXPORT

includes both processed and unprocessed foods sold as export. Examples include oilseeds, corn, and beef and veal.
FD4121 FINISHED CONSUMER ENERGY GOODS

made up of energy goods, such as residential electric power, residential natural gas, gasoline, and home heating oil, purchased by consumers.
FD4122 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED ENERGY

includes energy goods purchased by the government. Examples of government purchased energy goods are jet fuel and diesel fuel.
FD4123 ENERGY FOR EXPORT

composed of energy goods sold as exports. Jet fuel, gasoline, and diesel fuel are examples of exported energy goods.
FD413111 NONDURABLE CONSUMER GOODS LESS FOODS AND ENERGY

contains nonfood and non-energy products ready for final consumption, with a life expectancy of less than 3 years. Examples include alcoholic beverages, women’s
apparel, and cigarettes.
FD413112 DURABLE CONSUMER GOODS

contains nonfood and non-energy products ready for final consumption, with a life expectancy of more than 3 years. Examples include furniture, passenger cars, and
appliances.
FD413121 PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains products that will undergo no further processing and are used to manufacture or transport other goods in the manufacturing sector. These products are
distinguished by the fact that they are amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I–O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples of capital
equipment for the manufacturing industry include industrial molds, motor trucks, tractors, and conveying equipment.
FD413122 PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT FOR NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

contains products that undergo no further processing and are used in the operation of nonmanufacturing industries. These products are distinguished by the fact that
they are amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I-O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples of this category include telephone and
telegraph equipment, office furniture, passenger cars bought by leasing companies, and civilian aircraft.
FD41321 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS EXCLUDING FOODS, ENERGY, AND CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

includes government-purchased durable and nondurable goods other than foods, energy, and capital equipment.
FD41322 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

contains products that undergo no further processing and are used in the operation of the government. These products are distinguished by the fact that they are
amortized over their useful lives and are identified in the I–O tables as Gross Government Fixed Investment. Examples include military aircraft, and search, detection,

navigation, and guidance systems and equipment.
FD4133 GOODS FOR EXPORT EXCLUDING FOODS AND ENERGY

composed of unprocessed and processed goods, other than foods and energy, sold as exports. Raw cotton, chemicals, and civilian aircraft are examples of goods for
export excluding foods and energy.
FD42111 FINISHED CONSUMER SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING

includes services other than trade and transportation services purchased by consumers, such as telecommunication services, medical care, insurance, and lodging.
FD42112 PRIVATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING

composed of services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing services identified in the I–O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. Examples include
engineering services, support activities for oil and gas operations, and system software publishing.
FD42121 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING EXCLUDING CAPITAL INVESTMENT

includes government-purchased services other than trade, transportation, warehousing, and capital investment services. Examples are legal services and
telecommunications services.
FD42122 GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL INVESTMENT SERVICES LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING

composed of government-purchased services other that trade, transportation, and warehousing identified in the I–O tables as Gross Government Fixed Investment.
Examples include software publishing and information technology support services.
FD4213 SERVICES FOR EXPORT LESS TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND WAREHOUSING

includes services sold by domestic producers to foreigners other that trade, transportation, and warehousing services. Engineering services and securities, brokerage,
and investment advice are examples.
FD42211 TRANSPORTATION OF PRIVATE PASSENGERS

includes consumer travel services, such as airline passenger services and rail transportation of passengers.
FD42212 TRANSPORTATION OF GOVERNMENT PASSENGERS

includes government-purchased travel services.
FD42213 TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR EXPORT

composed of travel services sold as exports. An example is airline passenger services.
FD422211 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION GOODS

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods eventually sold to consumers. Examples of transportation and warehousing of
personal consumption goods are long distance motor carrying, deep sea water transportation of freight, and U.S. Postal Service.
FD422212 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold as capital investment. This use category is identified in the I–O tables as Gross
Private Fixed Investment.
FD42222 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold to government.
FD42223 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING OF EXPORTS

includes shipping, services related to shipping, and warehousing services for goods sold as exports.
FD42311 TRADE OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION GOODS

composed of retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to manufacturing industries. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the
difference between selling and acquisition price of a good. Examples of personal consumption trade services are apparel wholesaling, food and alcohol retailing, and
automotive fuels and lubricant retailing.
FD42312 TRADE OF PRIVATE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold as capital equipment. Machinery and equipment wholesaling, furnishings wholesaling, and automotive
retailing represent examples of private capital equipment trade services.
FD42321 TRADE OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED GOODS EXCLUDING CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

composed of retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to government other than capital equipment. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service,
measured as the difference between selling and acquisition price of the good. Examples include chemicals and allied products wholesaling and parts and supplies for
machinery wholesaling.
FD42322 TRADE OF GOVERNMENT PURCHASED CAPITAL EQUIPMENT

includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold to government as capital equipment. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the
difference between selling and acquisition price of a good. Examples of trade of government purchased capital investment are machinery and equipment wholesaling
and furnishing wholesaling.
FD4233 TRADE OF EXPORTS

includes retail and wholesale trade services for goods sold as exports. For PPI purposes, trade services are a margin service, measured as the difference between selling
and acquisition price of the good. Examples include machinery and equipment wholesaling and alcohol wholesaling.
FD431 CONSTRUCTION FOR PRIVATE CAPITAL INVESTMENT

includes construction identified in the I-O tables as Gross Private Fixed Investment. All new construction is identified in the I–O tables as fixed investment. Examples
include new office building construction, new industrial building construction, and new healthcare building construction.
FD432 CONSTRUCTION FOR GOVERNMENT

composed of all construction purchased by the government. New school building construction and maintenance and repair of nonresidential buildings are examples of
construction for government.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Methodology
The intermediate demand by production flow portion of the FD-ID system reorganizes into four stages of production the same set of intermediate demand commodities
included in the intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system. The stages are developed such that commodities in one stage are used as inputs to
produce commodities in the next stage. The stage-based treatment of intermediate demand allows data users to study price transmission relationships between the
intermediate stages of production as well as the relationship to final demand.
To construct the intermediate demand by production flow indexes, a five-step procedure is followed. The procedure utilizes both BEA Make of commodities by industries
and Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition tables. Both tables are included in the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 2012,
published by BEA. As stated earlier, Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition shows—for each commodity—the dollar value (in millions of dollars at
producers’ prices) used by each industry and final user. The Make of commodities by industries table indicates the dollar value (in millions of dollars at
producers’ prices) of each commodity made by each industry.
The first step in the procedure is to determine the total production of each industry in the economy. In general, industries are classified as primary producers of specific
goods or services; however, industries may also be secondary producers of other goods or services. A firm classified in the automobile industry, for example, produces
primarily automobiles, but the same firm may also produce and sell additional commodities, such as car parts, scrap metal, or car rentals. These additional commodities
are classified as secondary production. The first step therefore requires determining both the primary production and secondary production of each industry in the
economy. The 2012 BEA Make of commodities by industries table was used for this purpose.
The second step is to ascertain where the total output of each industry is consumed. This step requires determining, for each industry, the portion of the industry
output consumed as final demand and the portion consumed as intermediate demand. For the intermediate-demand portion, determining which specific industries are
consuming the industry’s output also is required. BEA 2012 Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition data were employed to make this determination.
The third step in developing stages is to assign industries to stages of production. Within a stage-based system, transactions can be classified as forward flow, backflow,
or internal flow. Forward flow occurs when an industry sells its output to an industry classified in a forward stage of production (to be used as an input) or to final
demand. Internal flow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by another industry classified within the same stage of production. Backflow
occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by an industry classified in an earlier stage of production in the system. To successfully develop a
forward-flowing system of price change, industries should be assigned to stages in a manner that minimizes backflow and internal flow while maximizing forward flow
within the system. Towards this end, PPI assigned all industries included in the BEA I-O tables to stages in a manner that attempted to maximize net forward flow of
the system. Net forward flow is defined as:
Forward flow occurs when an industry sells its output to an industry classified in a forward stage of production (to be used as an input) or to final demand.
Internal flow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by another industry classified within the same stage of production.
Backflow occurs when an industry sells its output to be used as an input by an industry classified in an earlier stage of production in the system.
Net forward flow = (forward shipments of the industry stage + inputs received from previous stages of process) - (backward shipments of the
industry stage + inputs received from forward stages of process)
The PPI program implements a two-step procedure to attempt to maximize net forward flow. In the first step, a set of rules is used to assign industries to stages and
select the appropriate number of stages for the system. The system that the PPI program eventually chose is a four-stage system. The set of rules used to assign
industries to the four stages is summarized as follows:
Assign industry to stage 4 if shipments sold to final demand ≥ 75 percent of industry production.
Assign industry to stage 3 if shipments sold to final demand and to stage 4 ≥ 65 percent of industry production and shipments sold to final demand < 75 percent of
production.
Assign industry to stage 2 if shipments sold to final demand, to stage 4, and to stage 3 ≥ 65 percent of industry production; and shipments sold to final demand and to
stage 4 < 65 percent of production; and shipments sold to final demand < 75 percent.
Assign industry to stage 1 if it does not meet the conditions of stage 4, 3, or 2.
Before selecting the number of stages and set of rules just described, the PPI program examined many different sets of rules and numbers of stages. It eventually
chose the aforementioned system because it maximized net forward flow as compared with other sets of rules examined. [4]
After the assignment of industries to stages by use of the aforementioned rules, the second step in the procedure to maximize net forward flow was to examine the
effects on net forward flow of moving individual industries to stages other than that to which they were originally assigned. In cases in which there were substantial
gains to net forward flow, industries were left in the new stage.
The PPI production-flow-based system exhibits strong forward flow and little backflow: 83.3 percent of transactions in the system are forward flowing, 5.6 percent are
back flowing, and 11.1 percent are internally flowing.
The fourth step in constructing the production-flow-based intermediate demand indexes is to determine the commodities to be included and weights to be used in the
intermediate demand indexes. The four main indexes in the production flow system are
stage 1 intermediate demand,
stage 2 intermediate demand,
stage 3 intermediate demand, and
stage 4 intermediate demand.
These indexes track prices for the inputs consumed by industries in each of the four stages of production. They do not track prices for the output produced by industries
in each of the four stages of production. For example, the stage 4 intermediate demand index tracks price change for inputs consumed by industries included in the
fourth stage of production. Recall that industries classified in the fourth stage of production mostly produce goods sold to final demand. The stage 4 intermediate
demand index therefore measures price change in the inputs to production of industries that produce primarily final-demand commodities.
The BEA Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition table is used to determine the set of commodities consumed by industries in each of the four stages. The
use table indicates the commodities consumed by industries in terms of BEA I-O codes. Since FD-ID indexes are constructed from 6-digit PPI commodity group level
indexes, BEA I-O codes are matched to 6-digit PPI codes through use of a concordance between the PPI commodity codes and BEA I-O data. In the end, through the
BEA use table and the PPI/I-O concordance, the set of 6-digit PPI commodities consumed by each stage is determined, and these are the commodities that compose

each of the four stages of intermediate demand included in the production flow model. The final step in developing the production flow indexes is to convert the indexes
from gross weighted indexes to net weighted indexes. Net weighting is accomplished by removing transactions in which an input is both produced and consumed within
a given stage. Net weighting eliminates multiple counting of price change from the production flow price indexes. Net weights are developed using both the BEA Use of
commodities by industries and Make of commodities by industries tables.
Appendix B, Table 1 presents the updated industry stage assignments based on 2007 I-O data. Appendix B, Table 2 presents shifts in industry stage assignments
between 2002 and 2007 I-O data.
Skip Appendix »

Appendix A
Skip Table »

Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Final Demand
Relative importance shift to final demand
Title

Index code

Final Demand Goods
Corn
Prepared bituminous coal and lignite
Unleaded regular gasoline
Unleaded regular gasoline
Trucks, truck tractors, & bus chassis 14,000 lb or less, incl. minivans & suvs
Final Demand Services
Long-distance motor carrying
Affiliate agreements, programming sales, and retransmission fees for cable and broadcast tv
Internet advertising sales, excluding Internet advertising sold by print publishers
Securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice
Portfolio management
Life insurance
Annuities
Administrative and general management consulting services
Food wholesaling
Other commodities wholesaling

Previous

Updated

Difference

012202
051209
057104
057104
141105

0.132
0.014
0.960
0.960
1.452

0.059
0.081
1.024
1.024
1.389

0.073
-0.067
-0.064
-0.064
0.063

301202
351101
365101
401101
402101
411101
412101
454101
578101
579101

1.799
0.216
0.130
0.574
1.540
0.276
0.345
0.171
1.006
1.871

1.688
0.333
0.026
0.785
2.391
0.439
0.550
0.307
0.897
1.725

0.111
-0.117
0.104
-0.211
-0.851
-0.163
-0.205
-0.136
0.109
0.146

Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Processed Goods
Relative importance shift to final demand
Title

Index code

Processed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Malt beverages
Pet food
Unleaded regular gasoline
Primary basic organic chemicals
Other basic organics
Pharmaceuticals acting on the central nervous system and the sense organs
Plastic packaging products
Sanitary paper products, including stock
Integrated microcircuits
Other aircraft parts and equipment

026101
029402
057104
061401
061403
063802
072A01
091501
117839
142501

Previous
0.108
0.096
1.521
1.798
2.709
0.219
1.098
0.485
0.413
0.666

Updated
0.229
0.211
1.223
1.613
2.840
0.126
0.981
0.297
0.512
0.771

Difference
0.121
0.115
-0.298
-0.185
0.131
-0.093
-0.117
-0.188
0.099
0.105

Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Unprocessed Goods
Relative importance shift to final demand
Title

Index code

Unprocessed Goods for Intermediate Demand
Fresh vegetables, except potatoes
Wheat
Corn
Raw cotton
Oilseeds
Prepared bituminous coal and lignite
Natural gas
Crude petroleum (domestic production)
Corrugated recyclable paper
Copper and nickel ores

011302
012101
012202
015101
018301
051209
053101
056101
091203
102102

Previous
0.627
1.584
5.507
0.581
4.694
5.106
12.497
15.145
1.053
1.210

Updated

Difference

0.451
1.769
6.855
0.747
3.679
3.864
12.774
16.285
0.651
0.960

-0.176
0.185
1.348
0.166
-1.015
-1.242
0.277
1.140
-0.402
-0.250

Appendix A. Noteworthy Relative Importance Shifts in Final Demand and Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type - Services
Relative importance shift to final demand
Title
Services for Intermediate Demand
Affiliate agreements, programming sales, and retransmission fees for cable and broadcast tv
Internet advertising sales, excluding Internet advertising sold by print publishers
Cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication services
Securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice
Portfolio management
Life insurance
Annuities
Temporary help services
Co-employment staffing services
Food wholesaling

Index code
351101
365101
372101
401101
402101
411101
412101
463101
463201
578101

Previous
0.919
0.496
1.022
2.666
4.855
0.440
0.551
3.183
2.771
1.753

Updated
0.631
0.816
1.307
2.244
2.832
0.000
0.000
3.525
3.048
2.006

Difference
-0.288
0.320
0.285
-0.422
-2.023
-0.440
-0.551
0.342
0.277
0.253

Appendix B
Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Assignments
The following table presents the final industry stage assignments of the PPI production flow model on the basis of 2012 BEA I–O data. Stage 1 includes 65 industries,
stage 2 contains 76 industries, stage 3 includes 125 industries, and stage 4 contains 133 industries.
↩ Return to text

Appendix B1. Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage Assignments
Stage 1
BEA Code
113000
115000
211000
212100
212230
230301
311119
321100
321910
322110
322130
323120
325110
325120
325130
325180
325320
325520
325910
326130
327400
327992
331200
331313
331314
331410
331420
331490
332600
332710
332800
334610
335991
424700
425000
482000
486000
515200
524200
532400
541100
541200
541400
541512
541610
541800
550000
561100
561300
561400
561600
561700
561900
711200
711500
811300
811400
1111A0
2122A0
2123A0
48A000
52A000
54151A
5416A0
5419A0
Stage 2
BEA Code
111900
112120

BEA Title
Forestry and logging
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
Oil and gas extraction
Coal mining
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining
Nonresidential maintenance and repair
Other animal food manufacturing
Sawmills and wood preservation
Millwork
Pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Support activities for printing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Industrial gas manufacturing
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Adhesive manufacturing
Printing ink manufacturing
Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing
Lime and gypsum product manufacturing
Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing
Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
Alumina refining and primary aluminum production
Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum
Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining
Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
Spring and wire product manufacturing
Machine shops
Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media
Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
Petroleum and petroleum products
Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
Rail transportation
Pipeline transportation
Cable and other subscription programming
Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing
Legal services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
Specialized design services
Computer systems design services
Management consulting services
Advertising, public relations, and related services
Management of companies and enterprises
Office administrative services
Employment services
Business support services
Investigation and security services
Services to buildings and dwellings
Other support services
Spectator sports
Independent artists, writers, and performers
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
Oilseed farming
Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation
Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
Other computer related services, including facilities management
Environmental and other technical consulting services
All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services
BEA Title
Other crop farming
Dairy cattle and milk production

Stage 1
112300
212310
221100
221200
311224
313100
313200
313300
321200
322120
322210
322220
322299
323110
324110
324190
325211
325310
325510
326110
326140
327310
327910
327993
331110
331510
331520
332114
332119
332320
332500
332720
332913
332991
332996
332999
333413
333612
333613
334413
334418
334512
335920
484000
491000
492000
493000
511110
511120
512100
515100
519130
533000
541300
561200
562000
811200
1111B0
1121A0
112A00
3252A0
3259A0
33131B
33211A
33441A
423A00
424A00
5111A0
522A00
5241XX
531ORE
S00101
S00102
S00202
Stage 3
BEA Code
111300
111400
114000

Poultry and egg production
Stone mining and quarrying
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
Natural gas distribution
Soybean and other oilseed processing
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
Fabric mills
Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills
Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing
Paper mills
Paperboard container manufacturing
Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing
All other converted paper product manufacturing
Printing
Petroleum refineries
Other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Plastics material and resin manufacturing
Fertilizer manufacturing
Paint and coating manufacturing
Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing
Polystyrene foam product manufacturing
Cement manufacturing
Abrasive product manufacturing
Mineral wool manufacturing
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
Ferrous metal foundries
Nonferrous metal foundries
Custom roll forming
Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive)
Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing
Hardware manufacturing
Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing
Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
Other fabricated metal manufacturing
Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment manufacturing
Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing
Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing
Semiconductor and related device manufacturing
Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing
Automatic environmental control manufacturing
Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing
Truck transportation
Postal service
Couriers and messengers
Warehousing and storage
Newspaper publishers
Periodical Publishers
Motion picture and video industries
Radio and television broadcasting
Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Facilities support services
Waste management and remediation services
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
Grain farming
Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose ranching and farming
Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum
All other forging, stamping, and sintering
Other electronic component manufacturing
Other durable goods merchant wholesalers
Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
Directory, mailing list, and other publishers
Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
Insurance carriers, except direct life
Other real estate
Federal electric utilities
Other federal government enterprises
State and local government electric utilities
BEA Title
Fruit and tree nut farming
Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production
Fishing, hunting and trapping

Stage 1
221300
230302
311210
311221
311225
311300
311513
311514
311520
311615
311700
311920
311930
311940
312140
314110
314120
314900
322230
322291
324121
324122
325190
325411
325413
325414
326120
326150
326160
326190
326210
326220
326290
327100
327200
327320
327330
327390
327991
327999
332200
332310
332410
332420
332430
333318
333414
333415
333618
333993
334118
334210
334290
334514
334515
335110
335120
335228
335312
335313
335314
335911
335930
335999
336211
336310
336320
336350
336360
336370
336390
336412
336413
337110
337215
339112
339113
339114
339116

Water, sewage and other systems
Residential maintenance and repair
Flour milling and malt manufacturing
Wet corn milling
Fats and oils refining and blending
Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing
Cheese manufacturing
Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing
Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing
Poultry processing
Seafood product preparation and packaging
Coffee and tea manufacturing
Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing
Seasoning and dressing manufacturing
Distilleries
Carpet and rug mills
Curtain and linen mills
Other textile product mills
Stationery product manufacturing
Sanitary paper product manufacturing
Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing
Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
Other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Medicinal and botanical manufacturing
In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing
Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing
Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, and unlaminated profile shape manufacturing
Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing
Plastics bottle manufacturing
Other plastics product manufacturing
Tire manufacturing
Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing
Other rubber product manufacturing
Clay product and refractory manufacturing
Glass and glass product manufacturing
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing
Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing
Other concrete product manufacturing
Cut stone and stone product manufacturing
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products
Cutlery and handtool manufacturing
Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing
Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing
Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing
Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing
Other engine equipment manufacturing
Packaging machinery manufacturing
Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing
Telephone apparatus manufacturing
Other communications equipment manufacturing
Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing
Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing
Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing
Lighting fixture manufacturing
Other major household appliance manufacturing
Motor and generator manufacturing
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing
Relay and industrial control manufacturing
Storage battery manufacturing
Wiring device manufacturing
All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing
Motor vehicle body manufacturing
Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing
Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing
Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing
Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing
Motor vehicle metal stamping
Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing
Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing
Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
Dental laboratories

Stage 1
339940
339950
339990
423100
423400
423600
423800
424200
424400
441000
444000
481000
485000
511200
512200
517110
517210
518200
523900
532100
541511
541920
561500
621500
621900
721000
812300
31151A
31161A
3219A0
33291A
33351B
33399B
3363A0
33641A
33721A
5191A0
523A00
532A00
711A00
722A00
S00201
S00203
Stage 4
BEA Code
111200
213111
233210
233230
233240
233262
233411
233412
311111
311230
311410
311420
311810
311910
311990
312110
312120
312130
312200
315000
316000
325412
325610
325620
333111
333112
333120
333130
333242
333314
333316
333511
333514
333517

Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing
Sign manufacturing
All other miscellaneous manufacturing
Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Drugs and druggists’ sundries
Grocery and related product wholesalers
Motor vehicle and parts dealers
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers
Air transportation
Transit and ground passenger transportation
Software publishers
Sound recording industries
Wired telecommunications carriers
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)
Data processing, hosting, and related services
Other financial investment activities
Automotive equipment rental and leasing
Custom computer programming services
Photographic services
Travel arrangement and reservation services
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
Other ambulatory health care services
Accommodation
Dry-cleaning and laundry services
Fluid milk and butter manufacturing
Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing
All other wood product manufacturing
Valve and fittings other than plumbing
Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machinery manufacturing
Fluid power process machinery
Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake systems manufacturing
Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing
News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services
Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage
General and consumer goods rental
Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures
All other food and drinking places
State and local government passenger transit
Other state and local government enterprises
BEA Title
Vegetable and melon farming
Drilling oil and gas wells
Health care structures
Manufacturing structures
Power and communication structures
Educational and vocational structures
Single-family residential structures
Multifamily residential structures
Dog and cat food manufacturing
Breakfast cereal manufacturing
Frozen food manufacturing
Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying
Bread and bakery product manufacturing
Snack food manufacturing
All other food manufacturing
Soft drink and ice manufacturing
Breweries
Wineries
Tobacco product manufacturing
Apparel manufacturing
Leather and allied product manufacturing
Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing
Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing
Toilet preparation manufacturing
Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing
Construction machinery manufacturing
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
Optical instrument and lens manufacturing
Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing
Industrial mold manufacturing
Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing
Machine tool manufacturing

Stage 1
333611
333912
333920
333991
333994
334111
334112
334220
334300
334510
334511
334513
334516
334517
335210
335221
335222
335224
335311
335912
336111
336112
336120
336212
336213
336214
336411
336414
336500
336611
336612
336991
336992
336999
337121
337122
337127
337900
339115
339910
339920
339930
445000
446000
447000
448000
452000
454000
483000
511130
524113
525000
541700
541940
611100
621100
621200
621300
621400
621600
622000
624100
624400
711100
712000
713100
713200
713900
722110
722211
811100
812100
812200
812900
813100
814000
21311A
2332A0
2332C0

Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
Material handling equipment manufacturing
Power-driven handtool manufacturing
Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing
Electronic computer manufacturing
Computer storage device manufacturing
Broadcast and wireless communications equipment
Audio and video equipment manufacturing
Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing
Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing
Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing
Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
Small electrical appliance manufacturing
Household cooking appliance manufacturing
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing
Household laundry equipment manufacturing
Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing
Primary battery manufacturing
Automobile manufacturing
Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing
Heavy duty truck manufacturing
Truck trailer manufacturing
Motor home manufacturing
Travel trailer and camper manufacturing
Aircraft manufacturing
Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building
Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing
All other transportation equipment manufacturing
Upholstered household furniture manufacturing
Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing
Institutional furniture manufacturing
Other furniture related product manufacturing
Ophthalmic goods manufacturing
Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing
Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
Food and beverage stores
Health and personal care stores
Gasoline stations
Clothing and clothing accessories stores
General merchandise stores
Nonstore retailers
Water transportation
Book publishers
Direct life insurance carriers
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
Scientific research and development services
Veterinary services
Elementary and secondary schools
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Offices of other health practitioners
Outpatient care centers
Home health care services
Hospitals
Individual and family services
Child day care services
Performing arts companies
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
Amusement parks and arcades
Gambling industries (except casino hotels)
Other amusement and recreation industries
Full-service restaurants
Limited-service restaurants
Automotive repair and maintenance
Personal care services
Death care services
Other personal services
Religious organizations
Private households
Other support activities for mining
Office and commercial structures
Transportation structures and highways and streets

Stage 1
2332D0
2334A0
3118A0
33299A
33329A
33391A
33399A
33451A
33712N
4B0000
517A00
531HSO
531HST
611A00
611B00
623A00
623B00
624A00
813A00
813B00

Other nonresidential structures
Other residential structures
Cookie, cracker, pasta, and tortilla manufacturing
Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing
Other industrial machinery manufacturing
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
Other general purpose machinery manufacturing
Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
Other household nonupholstered furniture
All other retail
Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications
Owner-occupied housing
Tenant-occupied housing
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools
Other educational services
Nursing and community care facilities
Residential mental health, substance abuse, and other residential care facilities
Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services
Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations

To examine industry shifts resulting from the FD-ID allocations update, the following table compares industry stage assignments, based 2007 I-O data, with the current
assignments, based on 2012 I-O data.
Skip Table »

Table B2. 2012 Versus 2007 Stage Assignments for Comparable Industries
BEA Code
1111A0
1111B0
111200
111300
111400
111900
112120
1121A0
112300
112A00
113000
114000
115000
211000
212100
212230
2122A0
212310
2123A0
213111
21311A
221100
221200
221300
230301
230302
233210
233230
233240
233262
2332A0
2332C0
2332D0
233411
233412
2334A0
311111
311119
311210
311221
311224
311225
311230
311300
311410
311420
311513
311514
31151A
311520
311615

BEA Industry
Oilseed farming
Grain farming
Vegetable and melon farming
Fruit and tree nut farming
Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production
Other crop farming
Dairy cattle and milk production
Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose ranching and farming
Poultry and egg production
Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
Forestry and logging
Fishing, hunting and trapping
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
Oil and gas extraction
Coal mining
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining
Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
Stone mining and quarrying
Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
Drilling oil and gas wells
Other support activities for mining
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
Natural gas distribution
Water, sewage and other systems
Nonresidential maintenance and repair
Residential maintenance and repair
Health care structures
Manufacturing structures
Power and communication structures
Educational and vocational structures
Office and commercial structures
Transportation structures and highways and streets
Other nonresidential structures
Single-family residential structures
Multifamily residential structures
Other residential structures
Dog and cat food manufacturing
Other animal food manufacturing
Flour milling and malt manufacturing
Wet corn milling
Soybean and other oilseed processing
Fats and oils refining and blending
Breakfast cereal manufacturing
Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing
Frozen food manufacturing
Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying
Cheese manufacturing
Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing
Fluid milk and butter manufacturing
Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing
Poultry processing

2012 Assignment
1
2
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
2
2
3
1
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
3
3
2
3
4
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3

2007 Assignment
1
3
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
4
2
2
3
1
3
4
4
4
4
4
NA
NA
4
4
4
4
1
3
2
NA
2
4
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3

BEA Code
31161A
311700
311810
3118A0
311910
311920
311930
311940
311990
312110
312120
312130
312140
312200
313100
313200
313300
314110
314120
314900
315000
316000
321100
321200
321910
3219A0
322110
322120
322130
322210
322220
322230
322291
322299
323110
323120
324110
324121
324122
324190
325110
325120
325130
325180
325190
325211
3252A0
325310
325320
325411
325412
325413
325414
325510
325520
325610
325620
325910
3259A0
326110
326120
326130
326140
326150
326160
326190
326210
326220
326290
327100
327200
327310
327320
327330
327390
327400
327910
327991
327992

BEA Industry
Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing
Seafood product preparation and packaging
Bread and bakery product manufacturing
Cookie, cracker, pasta, and tortilla manufacturing
Snack food manufacturing
Coffee and tea manufacturing
Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing
Seasoning and dressing manufacturing
All other food manufacturing
Soft drink and ice manufacturing
Breweries
Wineries
Distilleries
Tobacco product manufacturing
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
Fabric mills
Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills
Carpet and rug mills
Curtain and linen mills
Other textile product mills
Apparel manufacturing
Leather and allied product manufacturing
Sawmills and wood preservation
Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing
Millwork
All other wood product manufacturing
Pulp mills
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard container manufacturing
Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing
Stationery product manufacturing
Sanitary paper product manufacturing
All other converted paper product manufacturing
Printing
Support activities for printing
Petroleum refineries
Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing
Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
Other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Industrial gas manufacturing
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Plastics material and resin manufacturing
Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing
Fertilizer manufacturing
Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Medicinal and botanical manufacturing
Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing
In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing
Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing
Paint and coating manufacturing
Adhesive manufacturing
Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing
Toilet preparation manufacturing
Printing ink manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing
Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, and unlaminated profile shape manufacturing
Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing
Polystyrene foam product manufacturing
Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing
Plastics bottle manufacturing
Other plastics product manufacturing
Tire manufacturing
Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing
Other rubber product manufacturing
Clay product and refractory manufacturing
Glass and glass product manufacturing
Cement manufacturing
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing
Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing
Other concrete product manufacturing
Lime and gypsum product manufacturing
Abrasive product manufacturing
Cut stone and stone product manufacturing
Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing

2012 Assignment
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
3
4
3
3
2
1
4
4
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
2
3
1

2007 Assignment
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
2
2
2
4
4
2
4
4
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
4
3
3
2
1
2
4
1
3
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
1

BEA Code
327993
327999
331110
331200
331313
331314
33131B
331410
331420
331490
331510
331520
332114
332119
33211A
332200
332310
332320
332410
332420
332430
332500
332600
332710
332720
332800
332913
33291A
332991
332996
332999
33299A
333111
333112
333120
333130
333242
33329A
333314
333316
333318
333413
333414
333415
333511
333514
333517
33351B
333611
333612
333613
333618
333912
33391A
333920
333991
333993
333994
33399A
33399B
334111
334112
334118
334210
334220
334290
334300
334413
334418
33441A
334510
334511
334512
334513
334514
334515
334516
334517
33451A

BEA Industry
Mineral wool manufacturing
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
Alumina refining and primary aluminum production
Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum
Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum
Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining
Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
Ferrous metal foundries
Nonferrous metal foundries
Custom roll forming
Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive)
All other forging, stamping, and sintering
Cutlery and handtool manufacturing
Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing
Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing
Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing
Hardware manufacturing
Spring and wire product manufacturing
Machine shops
Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing
Valve and fittings other than plumbing
Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
Other fabricated metal manufacturing
Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing
Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing
Construction machinery manufacturing
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
Other industrial machinery manufacturing
Optical instrument and lens manufacturing
Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing
Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment manufacturing
Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing
Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing
Industrial mold manufacturing
Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing
Machine tool manufacturing
Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking machinery manufacturing
Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing
Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing
Other engine equipment manufacturing
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
Material handling equipment manufacturing
Power-driven handtool manufacturing
Packaging machinery manufacturing
Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing
Other general purpose machinery manufacturing
Fluid power process machinery
Electronic computer manufacturing
Computer storage device manufacturing
Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing
Telephone apparatus manufacturing
Broadcast and wireless communications equipment
Other communications equipment manufacturing
Audio and video equipment manufacturing
Semiconductor and related device manufacturing
Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing
Other electronic component manufacturing
Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing
Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing
Automatic environmental control manufacturing
Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing
Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing
Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing
Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing

2012 Assignment
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
4
3
4
2
2
2
4
4
2
4
3
3
4
4
4

2007 Assignment
2
2
1
1
NA
1
1
NA
1
1
2
2
2
NA
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
NA
4
4
4
4
4
NA
4
4
NA
NA
NA
3
3
4
4
NA
2
4
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
4
3
NA
2
4
3
4
2
2
2
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4

BEA Code
334610
335110
335120
335210
335221
335222
335224
335228
335311
335312
335313
335314
335911
335912
335920
335930
335991
335999
336111
336112
336120
336211
336212
336213
336214
336310
336320
336350
336360
336370
336390
3363A0
336411
336412
336413
336414
33641A
336500
336611
336612
336991
336992
336999
337110
337121
337122
337127
33712N
337215
33721A
337900
339112
339113
339114
339115
339116
339910
339920
339930
339940
339950
339990
423100
423400
423600
423800
423A00
424200
424400
424700
424A00
425000
441000
444000
445000
446000
447000
448000
452000

BEA Industry
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media
Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing
Lighting fixture manufacturing
Small electrical appliance manufacturing
Household cooking appliance manufacturing
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing
Household laundry equipment manufacturing
Other major household appliance manufacturing
Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing
Motor and generator manufacturing
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing
Relay and industrial control manufacturing
Storage battery manufacturing
Primary battery manufacturing
Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing
Wiring device manufacturing
Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing
Automobile manufacturing
Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing
Heavy duty truck manufacturing
Motor vehicle body manufacturing
Truck trailer manufacturing
Motor home manufacturing
Travel trailer and camper manufacturing
Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing
Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing
Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing
Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing
Motor vehicle metal stamping
Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake systems manufacturing
Aircraft manufacturing
Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing
Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building
Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing
All other transportation equipment manufacturing
Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
Upholstered household furniture manufacturing
Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing
Institutional furniture manufacturing
Other household nonupholstered furniture
Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing
Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork manufacturing
Other furniture related product manufacturing
Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing
Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
Ophthalmic goods manufacturing
Dental laboratories
Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing
Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing
Sign manufacturing
All other miscellaneous manufacturing
Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Other durable goods merchant wholesalers
Drugs and druggists’ sundries
Grocery and related product wholesalers
Petroleum and petroleum products
Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
Motor vehicle and parts dealers
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers
Food and beverage stores
Health and personal care stores
Gasoline stations
Clothing and clothing accessories stores
General merchandise stores

2012 Assignment
1
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
2
3
1
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
4
4
4
4
4

2007 Assignment
1
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
2
2
4
2
3
1
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
2
4
3
4
4
4
NA
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4
NA
4
NA
NA
NA
4

BEA Code
454000
481000
482000
483000
484000
485000
486000
48A000
491000
492000
493000
4B0000
511110
511120
511130
5111A0
511200
512100
512200
515100
515200
517110
517210
517A00
518200
519130
5191A0
522A00
523900
523A00
524113
5241XX
524200
525000
52A000
531HSO
531HST
531ORE
532100
532400
532A00
533000
541100
541200
541300
541400
541511
541512
54151A
541610
5416A0
541700
541800
541920
541940
5419A0
550000
561100
561200
561300
561400
561500
561600
561700
561900
562000
611100
611A00
611B00
621100
621200
621300
621400
621500
621600
621900
622000
623A00
623B00

BEA Industry
Nonstore retailers
Air transportation
Rail transportation
Water transportation
Truck transportation
Transit and ground passenger transportation
Pipeline transportation
Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation
Postal service
Couriers and messengers
Warehousing and storage
All other retail
Newspaper publishers
Periodical Publishers
Book publishers
Directory, mailing list, and other publishers
Software publishers
Motion picture and video industries
Sound recording industries
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other subscription programming
Wired telecommunications carriers
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)
Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications
Data processing, hosting, and related services
Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals
News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services
Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
Other financial investment activities
Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage
Direct life insurance carriers
Insurance carriers, except direct life
Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
Owner-occupied housing
Tenant-occupied housing
Other real estate
Automotive equipment rental and leasing
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing
General and consumer goods rental
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
Legal services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Specialized design services
Custom computer programming services
Computer systems design services
Other computer related services, including facilities management
Management consulting services
Environmental and other technical consulting services
Scientific research and development services
Advertising, public relations, and related services
Photographic services
Veterinary services
All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services
Management of companies and enterprises
Office administrative services
Facilities support services
Employment services
Business support services
Travel arrangement and reservation services
Investigation and security services
Services to buildings and dwellings
Other support services
Waste management and remediation services
Elementary and secondary schools
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools
Other educational services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Offices of other health practitioners
Outpatient care centers
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
Home health care services
Other ambulatory health care services
Hospitals
Nursing and community care facilities
Residential mental health, substance abuse, and other residential care facilities

2012 Assignment
4
3
1
4
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
2
3
2
3
2
1
3
3
4
3
2
3
2
3
3
4
2
1
4
1
4
4
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
4

2007 Assignment
NA
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
NA
1
2
4
1
4
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
3
2
3
1
NA
NA
1
4
2
NA
NA
NA
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
1
1
1
4
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4

BEA Code
624100
624400
624A00
711100
711200
711500
711A00
712000
713100
713200
713900
721000
722110
722211
722A00
811100
811200
811300
811400
812100
812200
812300
812900
813100
813A00
813B00
814000
S00101
S00102
S00201
S00202
S00203

BEA Industry
Individual and family services
Child day care services
Community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services
Performing arts companies
Spectator sports
Independent artists, writers, and performers
Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
Amusement parks and arcades
Gambling industries (except casino hotels)
Other amusement and recreation industries
Accommodation
Full-service restaurants
Limited-service restaurants
All other food and drinking places
Automotive repair and maintenance
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
Personal care services
Death care services
Dry-cleaning and laundry services
Other personal services
Religious organizations
Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations
Private households
Federal electric utilities
Other federal government enterprises
State and local government passenger transit
State and local government electric utilities
Other state and local government enterprises

2012 Assignment
4
4
4
4
1
1
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
2
1
1
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
3
2
3

2007 Assignment
4
4
4
4
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
1
2
4
4
3
4
4
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
3

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Footnotes
[1] For a detailed description of the FD–ID system as well as other information pertaining to the system, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/ppi-final-demandintermediate-demand-aggregation-system.htm. ↩
[2] This table is found in Benchmark Input–Output Accounts of the United States, 2012, published by BEA at https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data.
↩
[3] In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different buyer types, so commodities are often included in several FD–ID indexes. For example, regular
gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use. The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline,
reflecting sales to all types of buyers. It is this index that is used in all FD–ID aggregations, regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an
export, to government, or to businesses, with differences accounted for in the applicable weights to each aggregate FD or ID index. In some cases, buyer type is an
important price determining characteristic and results in commodity indexes being created on that basis. For example, within the PPI category for loan services,
separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were constructed. In this case, the commodity index for consumer loans would be included in the final–demand
index, and the commodity index for business loans would fall under intermediate demand. ↩
[4] For a detailed description of the methodology used to develop the PPI production flow model, see http://www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/2002-bea-data-analysis-for-thedevelopment-of-the-experimental-ppi-aggregation-system.pd. ↩

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Last Modified Date: February 17, 2021

U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Producer Price Index, PSB Suite 3840 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001
Telephone:1-202-691-7705 www.bls.gov/PPI Contact PPI