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OFFICE H W ORKERS salaries hours of work supplementary benefits Bulletin No. 992 BOSTON, MASS. JANUARY 1950 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR • BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin - Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Ciague - Commissioner - 1 - CONTENTS Page Number Introduction ................ ....... .... ............ ••••••••..... •••••....... ...... Salaries of Boston Office Workers, January 1950 .•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..• Supplementary Wage Practices ••••••••••••....... ••••••........ «•...... ••••••••••«•••••• Tables: 1. Salaries and weekly hours of work, by industrydivision •••••••*•••••••••.• 1 1 1 3 2 , Percentage distribution, by weekly salaries•••••............ ••••••••••••••• 9 3• Scheduled weekly hours If. Scheduled days in workweek •••••••*••...... lU 5. Vacations with pay ....••••.... ••••.... ••*•••••••............. ••••••.••. 6 . Paid holidays ....... 7* Formal provisions for paid sick leave •••••••••••••••••••••....... •.... •« 8 . Nonproduction bonuses •••••••••••••••••••••<............ ................. 9* Insurance and pension plans ......... •••••••...••••••..... ...•••••••••••• Ilf 13 15 16 17 17 Appendix At Scope and method of s u r v e y ......................... ..... •.•••••••..••••«••• 18 Appendix Bt Descriptions of occupations studied...... ................................... 20 INTRODUCTION Surveys of office worker salaries were conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in more than a score of large cities during 19lf8-lf9. The survey program provides for annual resurveys in a major city in each of 5 broad geographic areas* These cities are Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. Initial surveys will'be conducted each year in another 5 important cities* To the extent that resources permit, salary data will also be brought up-to-date in a few cities last covered 2 or 3 years earlier. These surveys are designed to provide salary data for selected office occupations oh a cross-industry basis* Data are also obtained on supplementary benefits, such as vacations, holi days, sick leave, and insurance and pension plans. Salary and related data are provided wherever possible for individual industry divisions. The Boston study was prepared in the Bureau1s Division of Wage Statistics by Bernard J. Fahres, Regional Wage Analyst, Region I, Boston, Massachusetts. The planning and central direction of the project was the responsibility of Toivo P. Kanninen and Louis E* Badenhoop under the general supervision of Harry Ober, Chief of the Branch of Industry Wage Studies. SALARIES OF OFFICE WORKERS IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, JANUARY 1950 1/ Salaries Average weekly salaries of women office workers, among 23 occupational classifications sur veyed in Boston, ranged from $31.50 for office girls to $4# for hand bookkeepers in January 1950* General stenographers and clerk-typists, the 2 largest groups studied, averaged $39*50 and $34*50, respectively stable 1). Accounting clerks were paid $39 on the average; average weekly salaries in 15 of the women*s jobs differed from this figure fcy $3 or less. Among the nine jobs studied for which data could be presented for men, average salaries ranged from $31*00 a week for office boys to $66.00 for hand bookkeepers. Accounting clerks, the largest group, averaged $50 weekly and order clerks and general clerks, other important groups, av eraged $52.50 and $61*00, respectively. Comparisons of average salaries paid in the various jobs - among the six broad industry divisions and central offices covered in the survey - revealed an earnings advantage for workers emPtoyed in offic e s of manufacturing plants and in the transportation, communication, and other public utilities group. In manufacturing, the durable-goods industries generally paid higher salaries than the nondurable industries. 2/ Earnings of individual workers in the jobs studied ranged from less than $25, for a few men and women in routine jobs, to nearly $100 paid to a few men general clerks and pay-roll clerks. Pay rates varied widely in individual jobs as well, with the greatest dispersion indicated in menfs jobs (table 2). Although rates paid to women stenographers, for example, ranged from about $25 to $65, nearly three-fifths of these workers were grouped in the $35 to $45 earnings bracket. Salaries of clerical workers are generally expressed in monthly or weekly terns. In order to allow for differences in the length of the average workweek among establishments, earnings data are also presented on an hourly basis in table 1. The earnings advantage indicated for office woricers in manufacturing, transportation, communication, and other public utilities was narrowed con siderably when pay level comparisons were made in terms of average hourly earnings. Office workers in retail trade, finance, insurance, and real estate, and in central offices averaged fewer hours of work per week than in the other industry divisions. Average salaries for most occupations studied in Boston increased moderately between Janu ary 1949 and January 1950. Although the extent to which salaries changed during the period varied from job to job, the majority rose between 50 cents and $1.50 a week. Men generally registered somewhat greater salary gains during this period than did women workers; SUPPLEMENTARY WAGE PRACTICES Work schedules The work schedules in Boston offices in January 1950 varied by industry division and, to a lesser extent, within each divisional grouping of establishments. A majority of the office workers in manufacturing and wholesale trade were on a 40-hour schedule. A third of the office workers in retail trade were also on a 40-hour week and a similar proportion worked in offices operating on a 38 3/4-hour* schedule. Women employed in central offices were divided, in the ration of 2 to 1, be tween a 35-hour and a 40-hour workweek (table 3)* Comparatively few women worked more than 40 hours weekly. Notwithstanding the degree of variation in weeklv hours of work, 95 percent of the women office workers were employed on a 5-day week basis (table 4)* v. See Appendix A for discussion of scope and method of study. 2/ A listing of durable and nondurable industries is provided in footnotes to the appendix table on page IS . - 2 - Paid vacations More than two-thirds of the office workers were employed in establishments that granted vacations with pay to workers with 6 months of service# All of the 237 establishments studied in Boston provided paid vacations, typically of 2 weeks, after a year of service# After 5 years of employment practically all workers were entitled to paid vacations of at least 2 weeks duration and a fourth were granted vacations exceeding 2 weeks (table 5)* Vacation practices did not vary greatly among industry groups# The most liberal provi sions for employees with longer service, however, applied to workers in retail trade and finance, insurance, and real estate where more than two-fifths of the workers were eligible for more than 2 weeks vacation leave after 5 years of service# Paid holidays Paid holidays were universally granted except in the retail trade group where about twofifths of the office workers were employed in establishments providing no holiday pay# With the exception of about a tenth of the workers in the service industries, all employees in all industry groups receiving holiday pay were granted 6 or more days a year# Nearly four-fifths of all office workers received pay for 10 or more holidays annually (table 6) # Practices regarding the number of holidays paid for varied considerably among the indus try groupso Nine-tenths of the workers in finance, insurance, and real estate were granted 11 or more days a year, while' less than a fifth of the workers employed in manufacturing received 11 or more holidays with pay# A majority of employees in durable-goods manufacture received pay for 8 or less holidays a year# On the other hand, 7 out of 10 in the nondurable-goods industries and 9 of 10 in transportation communication, and other public utilities were granted 9 or more paid holidays# Paid sick leave About a third of the workers were in offices having formal plans providing paid sick leave after a year of service# The amount of such leave ranged from 5 to over 20 days annually, the most common allowance being 10 days (table 2) # Workers in manufacturing and in finance, insurance, and real estate generally fared better than those in other industry groups in terms of number of days allowed; more than a fourth of the workers in these two groups were in offices providing 10 or more days a year# Many workers not covered by formal sick leave arrangements were paid on an informal basis for time lost due to sickness# This was especially true in the central office group in which less than a tenth of the workers were employed in establishments having formal plans# Nonproduction bonuses About a third of- the workers were employed in offices that supplemented regular salaries with some type of nonproduction bonus# These usually too^c the form of Christmas bonuses of yearend payments# Bonus payments were most prevalent in nondurable goods manufacture and in the trade groups. Over half of the workers in retail trade benefited from bonus payments# They were least common in central offices and in the transportation, communication, and public utilities group (table 8)# Insurance and pension plans One or more types of insurance or pension plans financed in whole or in part by the m h > ployers were provided in establishments accounting for over nine-tenths of the Boston office work ers. Life insurance plans constituted the most widespread form of benefit in seven of eight indus try groups studied# More than half of the office workers were employed in establishments that re ported retirement pension plans (table 9). The extent and types of plans in effect varied somewhat among industry groups# Fourfifths of the office workers employed in transportation, communication, and other public utilities, compared with only about a third in manufacturing, wholesale trade, services, and central offices were in establishments that reported pension plans# With theexception of the central office group, a fourth or more of the workers in each industry division were employed in offices with health in surance plans# TABLE 1.— Salaries 1/ and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass., by industry division, January 1950 Sex, occupation, and industry division 7j Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours Hourly rate Median 2/ weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers $59.50 64.00 58.00 57.50 Men 250 40 45 28 166.00 72.00 60.50 58.00 38.5 40.0 40.0 39.0 $1.70 1.80 1.52 1.49 $66.00 75.50 60.00 60.00 108 67.50 37.5 1.80 66.00 59.50 - 76.50 57 39.00 3&.0 1.02 40.00 32.00 - 40.00 Clerks* accounting U 1,093 Manufacturing .............. 205 Durable g o o d s ....... . 125 80 Nondurable goods Wholesale trade ............. 273 Retail trade ................ 40 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 433 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities . 61 78 Central offices ..•••••...... 50.00 57.00 58.50 55.00 46.00 42.00 38.5 39.5 40.0 39.0 40.0 37.5 1.30 l.U 1.47 1.40 1.15 1.12 47.00 57.00 58.50 56.50 43.00 40.00 a . 50 48.50 49.50 47.00 38.00 37.50 - 58.00 64.50 64.50 64.00 52.00 40.00 48.50 37.5 1.29 45.00 40.50 - 56.00 55.00 54.50 38.0 36.0 1.44 1.50 60.50 55.00 50.00 45.00 - 62.50 62.50 Clerks, file^ class B 4 / ......... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 100 31.00 37.5 .82 30.00 29.50 - 31.00 78 31.00 37.0 .84 30.00 28.00 - 31.00 Clerks, general U ............... Manufacturing ............... Wholesale trade •••••........ 276 75 44 61.00 66.50 60.50 39.0 40.0 41.0 1.56 1.67 1.48 63.50 64.50 52.00 50.00 60.50 52.00 - 70.00 71.50 76.00 Clerks* order 4/ ........ ........ Manufacturing ............... Wholesale trade ............. Central offices ............ . 439 41 296 33 52.50 64.00 48.00 54.00 39.0 40.0 40.0 36.0 1.34 1.61 1.21 1.50 50.00 69.00 47.00 56.50 44.00 54.00 40.50 43.50 - 60.00 72.00 53.00 64.50 Clerks, pay roll V ........... . Manufacturing ....... ....... 122 71 57.50 62.00 39.0 40.0 1.46 1.55 59.50 60.00 50.00 56.00 63.50 64.00 Clerk-tvnists................... 80 34.50 40.0 .86 29.00 29.00 - 38.50 31.00 39.0 39.5 30.00 36.50 32.00 37.00 41.00 37.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.50 30.00 30.00 30.00 - Bookkeepers| hqn^ V .......... Manufacturing ............... Wholesale trade •••••........ Retail trade ................ .Finance, insurance, and real estate............ . Bookkeening-machine operators. claaa B ....................... Office b o y s .... ......... ....... Manufacturing .............. . Durable goods ............ Nondurable goods ......... Wholesale trade ............. Retail trade ..... •••••••••.. Finance, insurance, and real estate ••• •........... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities . Services Central offices ............ . See footnotes at end of table - $76.50 - 79.00 - 60.00 - 61.00 36.00 40.0 34.00 30.50 30.00 39.5 39.5 39.5 .80 .86 .90 .86 .77 .77 256 30.50 37.5 .82 30.00 28.50 - 31.50 45 146 29 33.50 30.50 39.0 39.0 37.0 .86 .78 .81 34.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 28.00 - 35.00 30.00 30.00 964 153 18 135 275 60 34.50 30.00 36.00 36.50 30.00 30.00 30.00 31.00 TABLE 1. — Salaries 1/ and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass., by industry division, January 1950 - Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division 2/ Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours Hourly rate Median 1/ weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers $33.00 32.00 34.00 30.00 Women Billers, machine (billing machine) ...................... Manufacturing ................ Wholesale trade .......... . Retail trade ...... .......... Finance, insurance, and real estate ................ .. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. Services .................... Central offices ........ . Billers, machine (bookkeeping machined 4 / ..............*.... Retail t r a d e .... . Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e .................... Bookkeeoers. hand U ........... . Manufacturing ................ Durable goods .......... . Nondurable g o o d s ...... . Wholesale trade ........... . Retail trade ................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ••••••••........ . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. Services ................... . Bookkeeoing-machine operator s• class A 4 / ....... ............. Manufacturing ........... .. Retail trade ........ ..... . Bookkeening-machine operators. class B U ..................... Manufacturing Durable goods ••••••...... . Nondurable goods .......... Wholesale trade •••••••••..... Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate .... ................ See footnotes at end of table. 936 218 251 228 $36.00 $0.92 .94 .91 .85 $35.00 33.00 39.0 39.0 40.5 39.0 122 37.00 38.5 .96 38.00 32.00 - 39.50 33 a 43 39.50 40.50 42.0 39.0 35.5 .94 1.04 1.07 38.00 38.00 38.50 36.00 35.00 33.00 - 44.00 48.50 42.00 311 112 38.50 35.50 38.0 39.0 1.02 .91 38.00 34.00 33.00 32.00 - 43.00 39.00 37.00 36.5 1.01 37.00 32.50 - 39.00 819 210 83 127 112 123 48.00 50.00 51.50 48.50 49.00 47.50 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.5 38.5 39.5 1.27 1.30 1.36 1.27 1.2S 1.20 47.00 50.00 51.00 48.00 45.00 48.50 43.00 45.00 46.50 45.00 43.00 45.00 - 53.00 52.00 52.50 50.00 50.00 53.00 107 44.00 36.0 1.22 40.00 39.00 - 50.00 35 219 54.00 47.50 40.0 37.0 1.35 1.2S 52.50 45.00 47.00 40.00 - 60.00 55.00 24-6 134 39 47.50 47.50 45.50 38.5 38.5 38.5 1.23 1.24 1.18 47.50 50.00 48.50 41.50 41.50 42.00 - 52.00 52.00 51.00 2,096 210 51 159 533 265 37.00 39.00 40.50 38.50 35.00 38.5 38.5 38.0 39.0 39.5 39.0 .96 1.03 1.04 1.03 .97 .90 37.00 39.00 39.00 38.50 38.00 35.00 34.00 36.00 39.00 36.00 35.00 33.00 1,002 36.00 38.0 .95 36.00 33.00 - 102 36.50 36.50 38.00 , 40.00 35.50 35.00 35.00 - $39.00 - 41.00 - 38.00 - 35.00 - 40.00 - 42.50 - 40.50 - 43.00 - 40.50 - 39.00 38.50 TABLE 1.— Salaries 1/ and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass., by industry division, January 1950 - Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division 2/ Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours Median 3/ weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers 38.0 39.5 39.0 $0.98 1.02 1.03 1.02 .98 .SB $37.00 39.00 41.00 37.00 38.00 34.00 $35.00 35.00 38.00 35.00 35.00 30.50 Hourly rate Women - Continued Calculating-machine operators (Comptometer type) ......... . Manufacturing.... ...... . Durable goods ....... . Nondurable g o o d s .... . Wholesale trade ...... ...... Retail trade ............ . Finance, insurance, and real estate .................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities . Services.... ...... . Central offices ..... . Calculating-machine operators (other than Comptometer type)4/ Manufacturing ................ Finance, insurance, and real estate ....... ........... . 1,909 836 170 666 361 439 fi33.00 39.50 41.50 39.00 39.00 34.50 161 35.50 38.0 .93 34.50 30.50 - 38.50 63 41.50 40.00 40.50 38.5 1.07 3 8 .0 1 .0 6 40.00 39.00 37.2 1.09 38.00 37.50 37.00 37.00 - 43.00 43.00 45.00 36.00 38.50 3 8 .0 .95 40.00 38.5 1 .0 0 37.00 37.50 30.00 - 47 35.00 - 43.00, 60 37.00- 37.0 1 .0 0 37.00 35.00 - 38.50 1 .0 1 1.05 38.00 a . 00 1 .1 0 44.00 34.00 35.00 39.50 - 43.00 45.00 48.50 43.00 36.00 38.5 39.5 40.0 38.5 39.5 38.5 895 38.00 37.0 1 .0 2 240 39.0 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 1.18 1.03 31 IS 2a 38.5 38.5 uo.o Clerks1 accounting .............. Manufacturing ..... ...... ... Durable goods ............ Nondurable goods Whole sale t r a d e ..... ....... Retail trade ...................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. ..... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities • Services .................. . Central offices ......... . 3,2 0 6 39.00 677 347 330 .717 392 4 1.0 0 233 52 46.50 39.00 49.00 Clerks, file, class A *4/ ........ Manufacturing Finance, insurance, and real estate • • • • • .... • • • • ...... Services ....... ....... . Central offices ............. 401 55 40.00 3 8 .0 44.50 39.50 38.50 Clerks, file, class B . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing ............... Durable goods ........... .. Nondurable goods ......... Wholesale trade ............. Retail trade ................ Finance, insurance, and real estate .................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities . Services ............. . Central offices........... See footnotes at end of table 44.00 38.00 37.00 .98 .94 .94 36.00 36.00 - $40.50 - 43.00 - 44.00 - 43.00 - 40.00 - 37.50 3 1.0 0 - 35.00 33.00-- ^ 40.00 39.00 3 1.0 0 - 37.00 33.00 - a . 50 4 5 .5 0 42 .00 35.00 43.00 - 5 1.0 0 40 .00 1 .2 8 37.00 44.50 1.05 1.14 37.00 35.00 - 39.0 4 1 .0 0 40.00 - 43.00 52.50 1.05 .97 1.07 37.00 38.50 35.00 34.00 33.00 - 42.50 44.50 .83 .91 .94 .85 .79 .78 3 1.0 0 36.00 30.00 32.00 - 38.50 32.00 30.00 34.00 30.00 30.00 - 36 .00 30.00 29.00 - '3 1.0 0 57.00 4 2 .0 0 234 82 19 40.00 37.5 39.5 37.5 2,380 226 32.00 36.00 38.5 39.5 161 65 216 89 37.50 33.00 31.50 4 0 .0 30.00 39.0 40.0 38.0 1,244 3 1.0 0 38.0 .82 30.00 29.00 - 32.00 35 534 36 •34.50 32.00 34.00 38.5 38.5 .89 .83 .94 34.00 32.00 31.00 30.00 30.00 - 36.50 34.00 36.00 36.0 36.00 31.00 33.50 39.50 41.00 33.00 - 6 - TABLE 1,-— Salaries 1/ and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass., by industry division, January 1950 - Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours $47.00 39.0 9A 48.50 51.50 82 29 45.00 45.50 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 24.5 45.00 Median weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers $1.21 1.26 1.34 1.16 1.17 $48.50 50.00 50.50 44.00 45.00 $42.50 - $51.50 44.00 - 51.00 50.00 - 53.50 40.00 - 50.00 44.50 - 47.00 38.5 1.16 45.00 34.00 - 52.00 Hourly rate 2/ Women - Continued Clerks, general Lj ............... Manufacturing ................ Durable goods .......... . Nondurable goods .••*••••••. Retail trade ........ . Finance, insurance, and real estate .......... . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. 982 176 306 49.50 39.0 1.27 49.00 47.00 - 52.50 Clerks, order 4/ ................. Manufacturing................ Durable g o o d s ...... . Nondurable goods •••••••••.• Wholesale trade .......... Retail trade 649 187 70 117 305 102 39.50 40.50 41.50 40.00 39.00 33.00 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 .99 1.03 1.05 1.02 .99 .84 39.00 40.00 39.00 40.50 40.00 32.50 35.00 35.00 35.00 34.00 35.00 31.00 - 43.00 45.00 47.50 45.00 42.00 35.50 Clerks, pay roli 4/ .............. Manufacturing ................ Durable goods ............ . Nondurable goods .......... Wholesale trade .......... . Retail trade ..... ........... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. Services .•••••••.... ........ 1,642 1,000 352 41.50 a . 50 44.00 39.50 47.5C 1.07 1.05 1.11 1.02 1.18 .99 41.00 38.00 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.0 40.5 38.5 41.00 44.00 40.00 42.00 39.00 36.00 -36.00 43.00 35.00 38.50 34.00 - 46.00 45.00 47.00 43.00 60.00 43.00 96 40.50 37.0 1.10 39.50 37.00 - 47.00 126 56 45.50 43.50 39.0 39.0 1.17 1.11 45.00 37.50 42.00 36.50 - 49.50 50.00 Clerk-typists 4/ ...... .......... Manufacturing ............... . Durable goods ••••••«••••••• Nondurable goods ••••••••••• Wholesale trade ••••••••••••••• Retail t r a d e ........ ........ Finance, insurance, and real estate ............ ....... . Services ............ ..... . 4,079 991 572 419 694 274 34.50 36.50 37.50 35.00 35.00 32.00 38.0 38.5 38.5 39.0 39.5 40.5 .91 .94 .97 .90 .90 .80 34.00 36.00 38.00 35.00 34.50 30.00 1,591 301 33.50 33.50 37.0 37.5 542 130 110 20 91 68 31.50 35.00 35.00 34.00 31.50 29.00 191 29.50 Office girls 4/ ......... -....... Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods .......... Wholesale trade ..... ....... . Retail trade ................ . Finance, insurance, and real estate ......... . See footnotes at end of table 648 116 239 32.00 32.00 31.00 32.00 31.00 30.00 - 38.00 40.00 41.50 37.00 39.00 33.00 .90 .90 32.50 33.00 30.00 30.00 - 35.00 35.00 38.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 39.5 38.0 .82 .88 .89 .85 .80 .77 30.00 33.50 34.00 33.50 30.00 29.00 28.00 32.00 32.00 30.50 30.00 28.00 - 32.00 40.50 41.00 37.00 32.00 30.00 37.0 .79 28.50 28.00 - 31.00 TABLE 1.— Salaries 1/ and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass,, by industry division, January 1950 - Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division 2/ Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours Hourly rate Median 2/ * weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers $35.00 $42.00 38.00 - 47.00 41.00 - 47.00 36.50 - 45.00 37.00 - 43.00 38.00 33.00' Women - Continued 5,207 1,086 604 482 1,031 456 $39.50 43.00 44.00 42.00 a .00 35.00 38.0 39.0 39.5 38.5 39.0 37.5 $1.04 1.10 1.12 1.08 1.04 .93 $38.50 44.00 45.00 40.00 1,466 36.50 37.0 .98 34.50 33.50 39.00 233 697 23S 44.50 39.50 42.50 38.5 38.0 36.5 1.15 1.04 1.17 44.00 38.50 42.00 a .00 _ 35.00 38.00 - 48.50 44.00 47.00 Stenographers, technical l\/ ....... Manufacturing ................ Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. . Services .................. . 190 72 45.00 44.00 38.0 38.5 1.17 1.15 44.50 42.50 42.00 .. 47.50 40.50 - 48.00 25 82 41.50 45.00 37.0 38.5 1.12 1.17 42.50 45.00 39.00 42.50 - 44.00 47.00 Switchboard operators 4/ ..... .... Manufacturing........ . Durable g o o d s .... . Nondurable goods ..... . Wholesale t r a d e ...... ....... Retail trade ................ Finance, insurance, and real estate ..... ....... . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. Services ..................... 860 126 56 70 154 190 39.50 45.50 45.00 46.00 36.00 37.00 38.5 39.5 40.5 39.0 39.5 39.0 1.02 1.15 1.12 1.18 .91 .95 38.50 45.50 45.50 45.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 40.00 41.00 40.00 31.00 33.00 - 43.50 50.00 49.50 54.00 37.00 42.00 289 40.00 37.5 1.07 40.00 36.00 43.00 47 39 43.50 34.00 39.5 39.0 1.10 .87 46.00 33.00 35.00 _ 30.00 - 48.50 33.00 952 39.0 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 38.5 .98 .97 37.00 36.00 .96 3 6 .0 0 .98 .95 .88 36.00 36.00 35.00 34.00 34.50 34.00 35. 0 0 30-.00 30. 0 0 - 41.50 71 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 37.50 34.00 94 161 39.00 40.00 37.5 38.0 1.04 1.05 41.00 40.00 Stenographers. general........... Manufacturing ................ Durable goods ............. Nondurable goods .......... Wholesale t r a d e ..... ........ Retail trade ................. Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e ..... ..... ........ . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .• Services .................... . Central offices......... . Switchboard operatorreceptionists U •••••••••...... Manufacturing ...... ......... Durable goods ........... . Nondurable g o o d s ..... . Wholesale trade .... ......... Retail trade ........... . Finance, insurance, and real estate .............. . Services ..................... See footnotes at end of table. 886873 0 - 50 -2 296 94 202 292 40.00 35.00 40.00 38.00 44.50 40.00 36.00 •36.00 mm 42.50 35.00 — 42.00 TABLE 1.— Salaries \J and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Boston, Mass., by industry division, January 1950 - Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division 2j Estimated number of workers Weekly salary Average Weekly scheduled hours Median weekly salary Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers 40.0 40.0 39.0 $0.93 .98 1.07 .89 .94 $37.00 39.00 40.00 35.00 35.00 $33.50 35.00 39.00 30.00 35.00 .99 1.01 1.09 Hourly rate 1/ Women - Continued Transcribinrj-machine operators, general l j ...... ........ ...... Manufacturing ................ Durable goods ............. Nondurable goods ......... . Wholesale trade ..... ........ Finance, insurance, and real estate .............. . Services.... ...... ..... . Central offices .............. 83A 227 117 no 55 $37.50 39.00 42.50 35.50 37.00 37.00 33.00 33.5 40.0 - $41.00 - 41.00 - 47.00 - 40.00 - 38.00 37.00 33.00 39.50 32.50 35.00 35.00 - a . 00 378 91 26 40.00 37.5 37.5 37.0 89 39.00 39.5 .99 37.00 34.00 - 42.50 Typists, class A Lj .............. Manufacturing .... ........... Finance, insurance, and real estate ................... . Services 434 154 41.00 a .50 38.5 39.5 1.06 1.05 40.50 43.00 36.00 _ 38.00 - 45.00 45.00 140 73 40.00 40.00 37.5 33.0 1.07 1.05 39.00 33.00 36.00 36.00 - 45.00 44.00 Typists, <?3,ass B 4/ .............. Manufacturing.... .... ...... Durable goods ........ . Nondurable goods Wholesale trade .............. Retail trade ...... ••••••••••• Finance, insurance, and real estate .................... . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .. Services •••••••••..... ...... 2,647 306 186 120 244 57 32.50 37.00 40.00 33.00 35.50 35.00 38.5 39.5 40.0 39.0 .85 .94 38.0 .85 .88 .92 32.00 37.00 a . 00 31.00 35.00 35.00 30.00 _ 33.50 36.00 30.00 33.00 31.00 - 35.00 43.00 43.00 35.00 37.00 37.00 1,509 31.50 37.5 .34 31.00 29.50 33,00 39 477 33.50 31.50 39.0 40.0 .98 .79 37.50 30.00 33.50 30.00 — 44.50 32.00 Transcribeng-machine operators. technical ..................... 40.0 .99 40.50 46.00 1/ Excludes pay for overtime. 2/ The study covered representative manufacturing and retail trade establishments and trans portation (except railroads), communication, heat, light and power companies with over 100 workers; and establishments with more than 25 workers in wholesale trade, finance, real estate, insurance, and selected service industries (business service; such professional services as engineering, architectural, accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping firms; motion pictures; and nonprofit member ship organizations). "Central offices" includes central administrative offices or general offices of all industries except finance, insurance, and real estate. jj/ Value above and below which half of workers* salaries fell. l j Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. - 9 - TABLE 2.— Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries ] / in Boston, Mass*, January 1950 Weekly salaries Percent of men Bookkeep Book ingClerks, Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, keepers, machine account file, general order hand operators, class B ing class B #20,00 ■ $22*49 #•••••••••••••«• #22.50 - $24.99 ............... - #25.00 $27.50 $30.00 $32.50 #35.00 «• $27*4-9 - $29.99 - $32.49 - $34.99 - $37.49 .•*•«•••«••••••• ............... ............... ............... ............... - $37.50 $40.00 $42.50 #45.00 $47.50 • - $39.99 $42.49 $44.99 $47.49 $49.99 ................ ............... ............... ............... ............... 2.8 2.4 1.2 - #50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $60.00 - $52.49 #54.99 #57.49 $59.99 $62.49 ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... $62.50 $65.00 $67.50 $70.00 #72.50 - $64.99 $67.49 $69.99 $72.49 $74.99 $75.00 $80.00 $85.00 $90.00 $95.00 - $79.99 $84.99 $89.99 #94.99 $99.99 - - - Clerks, pay roll - - - _ 0.2 — .2 2.3 _ 0.8 .8 4.1 21*0 5.3 19.3 - 0.7 6.0 1.7 4.0 1.0 46.0 40.0 6.0 2.0 _ - 38.6 — 3.5 7.2 11.6 11.9 7.8 3.} 2.0 1.0 2.0 - 8.0 .4 7.6 2.9 5.0 -15.7 7.3 9.9 2.5 .8 5.8 11.5 11.6 18.0 7.0 8.1 2.7 6.9 6.1 4.8 — • - 18.5 2.2 3.6 1.4 5.1 10.9 12.3 5.9 2.3 3.4 12.3 3.3 4.9 24.6 4.9 ............... ............... ............... ............... .............. . 2.4 12.0 6.4 3.6 .4 5.3 — - 5.2 3.1 .9 1.6 1.3 — - 6.9 16.0 2.5 1.8 2.2 .7 8.7 1.1 7.1 - 6*6 1.6 1.6 — - ............... ............ . ............... ............... ...... ........ 16.0 14.8 .4 _ - - 1.6 3.4 — .1 - — — - 14.5 2.9 1.4 1.4 .7 3.6 .9 — - 13.1 — 3.3 T o t a l ..... *........ 100*0 5.6 2.0 •A Estimated number of workers ***« . 250 Average weekly salary 1J ...*«*« See footnote at end of table* $66.00 100*0 57 $39.00 _ mm — - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,093 100 276 439 122 $52.50 #57.50 #50.00 $31.00 $61.00 TABLE 2.— Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries 1 / in Boston, Mass., January 1950 - Continued Percent of men Weekly salaries Clerktypists $20.00 «• $22.49 $22.50 ■ $24.99 «••••«••••••• Office boya Percent of women Billers, Bookkeep Bookkeep* Billers, machine Book ingingmachine (book keepers, machine machine (billing hand keeping operators, operators, machine) machine) class A class B 7.5 0*2 1*1 7.5 2.4 24.2 3.2 2.9 15*2 9.6 33.1 - - - - 18.4 10.0 13.5 «• 1.2 •4 3.7 3.7 5.3 0.4 4.6 12.8 12.5 24.2 - 11.1 12.6 5.1 2.8 1.8 14*8 9.3 9.0 9.0 4.8 8.2 4.6 17.7 14.8 8.1 3.7 17.9 3.7 15.8 6.9 20.3 13.9 5.9 1.2 2.0 14.4 6.3 7.9 2.1 3.9 22.3 10.6 9.7 •4 2.0 .2 - $25.00 $27.50 $30.00 $32.50 $35.00 - $27.49 $29.99 $32.49 $34.99 $37.49 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ $37.50 $ 40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 - $39.99 $42.49 $44.99 $47.49 $49.99 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 21.4 10*0 2.5 2*5 2.5 $50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $60.00 - $52.49 $54.99 $57.49 $59.99 $62.49 ............ ............ ...... ..... ............ ............ 1.2 1.2 _ 1.2 - *9 *6 - 1.9 3.2 - $62.50 $65.00 $67*50 $70*00 $72*50 — — — $64.99 $67.49 $69*99 $72*4-9 $74*99 ............ ............ •••••••••••*• **•••••••••** •••••••••*••* 1.2 - «. - — — 3.3 1.0 2.2 .2 — — - $75*00 $80*00 $85*00 $90*00 $95*00 — • — - $79*99 $84*99 $89*99 $94*99 $99.99 ••••••••••**• •••••*••••••* ••••••••••••* •*•••••••••«• ............ - - - - - — - - 37.5 3.8 - Total *•••*••••*** 100*0 Estimated number of workers * 80 Average weekly salary ! / •••• $34.50 See footnote at end of table. 51.6 5.4 11.2 3.2 .8 1.0 6 .1 - 100*0 100.0 100.0 964 936 311 $31.00 $36.00 $38.50 mm - 100*0 100.0 819 246 $48.00 $47.50 — 100.0 2,096 $37.00 11 - TABLE 2.— Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries 1 / in Boston, Mass*, January 1950 - Continued Percent of women CalculatingCalculatingmachine Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, machine operators file, Clerks, account file, operators (other than class A class B general (Comptometer ing Comptometer type) _ type) Weekly salaries ] J $20.00 - $22.4.9..................... $22.50 - $24.99 ..................... _ — - - 0.3 - 0.2 - 8.8 .6 1.9 1.9 11.8 9.0 13.6 14.0 $25.00 $27.50 $30.00 $32.50 $35.00 - $27.49 $29.99 $32.49 $34.99 $37.49 ..................... ..................... ..................... ................... ................... 1.3 3.2 9.4 10*2 28.6 15.0 4.6 6.7 3.3 27.4 .4 4.5 11.5 10.7 20.3 4.8 17.5 23*7 1.0 29.2 40.3 12.1 10.2 $37.50 $40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 - $39.99 $42.49 $44.99 $47.49 $49.99 ..................... ................. . ..................... ..................... ..................... 15.5 11.7 8*9 5.6 1.5 14.5 14.1 9.1 3.7 - 9.7 15.3 7.4 7.1 5.1 8*2 15.7 5.2 3.5 4.2 2.6 3.2 .6 .6 - $50.00 - $52.49 ..................... $52.50 - $54.99 ....................... $55.00 - $57.49 ..................... $57.50 - $59.99 ........................ . $60.00 - $62.49 ..................... 2*0 .5 1.1 .3 .8 •4 3.3 1.9 1.4 .3 .5 7.8 1.2 2*0 1.2 $62.50 - $64.99 ..................... $65.00 - $67.49 ..................... $67.50 - $69.99 ..................... $70.00 - $72.49 ............................ $72.50 - $74.99 ............................ $75.00 $80.00 $85.00 $90.00 $95.00 - $79.99 ............................ $84.99 ............................ $89.99 ................. .......... $94.99 ........... ................ $99.99 .... ................ Total *•*••••**••••«•••••••• Estimated number of workers Average weekly salary 3/ *•»•*••••• .«••*•.••••.* See footnote at end of table, - - .4 - - - - 19.3 4.5 6.9 4.8 •3 .2 - - .1 2.5 - .1 - - - .1 - — - - - - - - - - - - - - — — - — mm .1 — - - - - - - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100*0 1,909 241 3,206 $38,00 $36.00 $39.00 - - - - - - - - 100.0 100*0 100.0 401 2,380 982 $40*00 $32.00 $47.00 TABLE 2.— Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries i j in Boston, Mass., January 1950 - Continued Percent of women Weekly salaries 3/ $20.00 - $22.49 ..................... $22.50 - $24.99 .................... Clerks, order Clerks, pay roll Clerktypists Office girls Stenog Stenog raphers, raphers, general technical - - 0.3 0.7 - - $25.00 $27.50 $30.00 $32.50 $35.00 - $27.49 $29.99 $32.49 $34.99 $37.49 .................... .................... .................... .................... ..................... 0.9 .8 8.0 10.3 22.8 0.6 .7 8.8 6.6 12.3 2.0 11.5 26.0 16.5 15.8 4.2 28.8 43.2 9.8 3.8 1.0 2.8 6.4 12.7 17.6 _ 0.5 .5 1.6 $37.50 $40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 - $39.99 $42.49 $44.99 $47.49 $49.99 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 10.2 18.8 14.5 3.5 3.5 8.4 18.8 12.1 16.0 4.1 10.0 10.3 3.7 2.1 .8 2.6 6.3 .6 - 13.6 16.6 8.9 10.3 2.8 5.8 21.1 21.1 24.7 13.7 $50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $60.00 - 052.49 $54.99 $57.49 059.99 062.49 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 2.2 1.4 2.2 .3 .5 2.9 2.5 2.6 1.2 1.4 .9 .1 - — - 4.3 1.1 1.2 .5 - 6.3 .5 4.2 — - $62.50 $65.00 $67.50 $70.00 $72.50 - $64.99 $67.49 $69.99 $72.49 $74.99 .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .1 - .4 .1 — .1 .2 — - — - .2 - - $75.00 $80.00 $85.00 $90.00 $95.00 - $79.99 $84.99 $89.99 $94.99 $99.99 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... - .1 .1 - ~ _ - - - - — — - — - T o t a l ....... ............ Estimated number of workers Average 1weekly salary ]/ See footnote at end of table* 100.0 100.0 100.0 649 1,642 4,079 $39.50 $41.50 $34.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 542 5,207 190 $31.50 $39.50 $45.00 - 13 - TABLE 2.— Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries j/ in Boston, Mass., January 1950 - Continued Weekly salaries 1 / $20.00 - $22.49 ..................... $22.50 - $ 2 4 . 9 9 ..................... Percent of women TranTranSwitch Switch scribingscribingboard board machine Typists, Typists, operatormachine opera reception operators, operators, class A class B tors general technical ists 1.2 - - - - - _ _ 23.7 37.4 14.8 11.0 5.7 3.1 3.3 .5 .5 $25.00 $27.50 $30.00 $32.50 $35.00 - $27.49 $29.99 $32.49 $34.99 $37.49 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... .6 11.0 9.9 22.3 0.4 16.0 11.9 24.4 1.9 14.6 19.2 16.4 11.2 24.7 22.5 _ _ 1.6 10.4 19.8 $37.50 $40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 - $39.99 $42.49 $44.99 $47.49 $49.99 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... 10.5 17.1 6.2 6.5 6.2 11.2 14.3 6.4 6.9 3.0 15.2 15.2 6.4 7.4 .9 14.6 5.6 7.9 1.1 15.0 12.2 11.5 • 22.1 2.1 $50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $60.00 - $52.49 $54.99 $57.49 $59.99 $62.49 ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... .................... 4.5 1.6 1.9 .2 2.2 .6 1.5 1.1 .4 2.4 $62.50 $65.00 $67.50 $70.00 $72.50 - $64.99 $67.49 $69.99 $72.49 $74.99 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .2 .1 - .1 - $75.00 $80.00 $85.00 $90.00 $95.00 - $79.99 $84.99 $89.99 $94.99 $99.99 ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... - Total ..................... Estimated number of workers Average weekly salary 1/ ••.••••••««•• 2/ Excludes pay for overtime, - - - - - 2.1 1.6 1.1 .5 - - - - — - 12.4 - - - mm - - — — - - - - — - - - - - - — 100.0 100.0 100.0 860 952 834 $39.50 $38.50 $37.50 - 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 89 434 2,647 $39.00 $41.00 $32.50 TABLE 3*— Scheduled weekly hours of women in Boston offices, January 1950 Weekly hours All indus tries Percent of workers €snnloved in offices in - . Manufactur i-ng____ Transpor Finance, tation, All Whole insur communi Non Retail Central manu Durable sale cation, Services ance, durable trade offices fac trade and other and real goods goods turing public estate utilities All offices employing women «•«. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 35 hours ........ Over 35 and under 3 7 ^ hours ...» 37§- h o u r s ................. .... Over 3 7 £ and under 40 hours .... 40 hours •••«•••••••...... .. Over 40 and under 44- hours ..... 44 hours ............ . 43 hours ......... ..... . 7.9 17.8 16.5 18.3 37.1 .3 1.6 .5 7.8 U.9 9.2 66.4. 11.6 3.1 1.3 80.5 _ 3.5 - 4.2 0.9 3.4 17.3 10.0 61.4 .4 6.6 - 5.0 14.9 5.0 37.2 32.6 1.7 3.6 - 9.9 36.9 15.1 24.9 13.2 1.5 .5 48.7 5.2 43.4 8.7 13.7 18.2 9*7 44.2 64*6 4.3 M .7 5.5 - 1.7 — 25.9 16.6 53.3 _ - - _ 31.1 - TABLE A.— Scheduled days in workweek of women in Boston offices, January 1950 Percent Manufactureihr Days in week All offices employing women .... 5 days ........... ............ 5 £ days ....... . 6 days .......... . Other ......... ••••..... . All indus tries All manu fac turing >f workers employed in offices in Transpor Finance, tation, insur Whole communi Central Retail Non ance, Durable cation,' Services offices sale trade durable trade and real and other goods goods estate public utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.8 3.9 .1 1.2 92.9 7.1 — 95.2 4.8 — 90.7 9.3 ” 91.0 7.3 1.7 93.7 6.0 .3 98.6 1.4 - 98.5 .3 .7 84.3 3.0 12.7 lo o .a .5 •• - 15 - TABLE 5.— Vacations with pay in Boston offices, January 1950 Percent of workers emoloyed in offices in Ma nufactur: ns Transpor Finance, tation, All All whole insur communi manu durable Non Retail Central indus sale ance, cation, Services fac goods durable trade offices tries and real and other goods trade turing estate public , utilities Vacation policy All offices studied ................. 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 63.9 3.4, 34.5 2.7 23.0 .3 31.1 67.7 2.3 47.2 11.0 7.2 32.3 68.0 4.3 44.1 17.1 2.5 32.0 67.4 50.7 4.4 12.3 32.6 69.6 4.9 57.3 7.4 30.4 64.9 _ 64.0 #o 35.1 75.3 2.9 15.4 56.7 .3 24.7 44.7 16.1 27.5 1.1 55.3 62.4 38.8 5.7 14.5 3.4 37.6 56.9 _ 39.6 11.9 5.4 43.1 1 year of service Offices with paid vacations..... . 1 week ............. ........... 2 weeks ........................ Over 2 weeks .................. Offices with no paid vacations..... J 100.0 100.0 7.2 6.3 84.1 90.2 8.7 3.5 - ’ 100.0 1.6 91.7 6.7 - 100.0 11.4 88.6 - 100.0 11.7 88.3 _ - 100.0 21.9 78.1 - 100.0 84.4 15.6 - 100.0 17.4 82.6 - 100.0 15.1 67.1 17.8 - 100.0 10.5 81.1 8.4 - 2 years of seryice Offices with paid vacations ......... 1 w e e k ............... ......... 2 weeks ............. ........ Over 2 weeks .............. . Offices with no paid vacations ....... 100.0 2.0 87.5 10.5 - 100.0 4.9 91.6 3.5. - 100.0 1.6 91.7 6.7 100.0 8.5 91.5 - 100.0 3.2 96.8 - 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 81.1 18.9 - 100.0 .5 99.5 - 100.0 9.5 67.6 22.9 - 100.0 91.6 8.4 - 5 years of service Offices with paid vacations ......... 1 week ...... ...... . 2 weeks .......... ............. ........... Over 2 weeks Offices with no paid vacations .*..... 100.0 1.6 72.1 26.3 - 100.0 2.9 88.9 8.2 - 100.0 1.6 91.7 6.7 - 100.0 56.3 43.7 - 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 9.5 66.3 24.2 - 100.0 87.4 12.6 - 6 months of service Offices with paid vacations .......... Under 1 w e e k ........ ........ 1 w e e k ............ ........... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks .......... ......... Over 2 weeks ..... ........ Offices with no paid vacations ....... - 100.0 4.3 85.9 9.8 - 100.0 3.2 96.8 - 100.0 58.9 41.1 - - - TABLE 6,— Paid holidays in Boston offices, January 1950 Percent of workers enrolo'rad in ofi[*ices in Transpor Finance, tation, All All insur communi Non Whole Central indus manu Fntrable durable sale Retail ance, cation, Services offices fac goods tries goods trade trade and real and other turing estate public utilities Msinufacturins Number of paid holidays All offices studied Offices providing paid holidays *..... Number of holidays: 1 to 5 ...................... 6 ........................... 7 ..................................................... b ................ ..................................... 8 ..................................................... ................................................... 9 ..................................................... 7 1 0 ........................... io£ ................................................... 1 1 ..................................................... n i ............................................... .. 12 or 12i ......................................... 13 or more ...................................... Offices providing no paid holidays . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 59.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 — - .6 3.7 3.1 1.0 4*6 .5 4.4 20.6 .1 53.8 .2 1.7 1.7 4.0 — 18.0 10.9 5.4 8.2 - 25.5 4.2 10.3 14.5 .9 9.9 - 40.8 14.0 22.7 - - - 16.5 3.8 30.4 .5 1.3, - - 9.5 - 2.5 11.9 1.6 7.8 1.0 - 1.0 - - - - 46.4 1.2 24.9 86.0 35.5 32.2 39.3 - - 1.8 13.7 36.9 - 7.2 32.1 - — 2.3 2.9 1.4 17.9 1.0 2.7 — - - - — .2 3.3 15.6 . - 40.6 3.6 1.0 — 3.9 54.4 — 4.9 13.2 - - 21.8 2.7 13.6 3.0 4.1 40.4 15.3 — TABLE 7.--Formal provisions for paid sick leave in Boston offices, January 1950 Percent of workers employed in offices in - Provisions for paid sick leave Transpor Finance, tation, All Whole Non All insur communi Durable Retail Centra! indus manu durable sale ance, cation, Services goods office; trade fac tries goods trade and real and other turing estate public utilities 100 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.( 35.0 36.7 .7 3.2 2.4 1.4 .5 11.3 13.3 2.3 3.1 1.7 42.1 10.1 13.5 4.3 5.9 3.3 30.8 7.7 2.4 1.3 12.7 18.1 - 36.6 4.3 10.2 5.3 3.6 1.3 7.2 4.7 - 21.4 5.1 13.7 2.6 - 39.0 7.0 1.6 11.6 16.3 2.5 - 25.5 9.4 14.1 1.2 .8 37.7 12.5 4.9 2.4 2.9 9.9 3.4 1.7 7.: 3.< 4 .: - 65.0 63.3 57.9 69.2 63.4 73.6 61.0 74.5 62.3 92.’ 35.0 4.1 1.9 1.3 .5 8.6 1.9 2.1 1.0 36.7 10.7 13.9 3.1 4.0 42.1 10.1 18.5 5.9 7.6 30.3 11.3 19.5 - 36.6 4.3 10.1 2.9 3.6 1.3 4.9 9.5 - 21.4 .9 3.3 4.2 8.0 - 39.0 .4 1.6 18.2 16.3 2.5 - 25.5 6.2 15.6 1.7 2.0 37.7 12.5 4.9 2.4 9.9 2.9 3.4 1.7 7. 3.‘ 4. - 65.0 63.3 57.9 69.2 63.4 73.6 61.0 74.5 62.3 92.' Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave «................ . 5 days ................ ...... . 6 days ••••••••...... . 7 - 3 - 9 days •••••••........ ..... 10 days •••••••»•••••••........ . 104 - 1 1 days ............. . 12 days •.....».... ......... . 15 - 15j days ...................... 20 days ...... ..... .............. . Over 20 days ••••••••.*..... . 36.4 36.7 4.1 10.7 1.6 1.3 16.0 9.2 •4 8.4 3.5 . 2.7 5.4 4.6 5.2 42.1 10.1 14.1 IO .3 7.6 30.8 36.6 U.3 18.2 - 35.6 .3 5.2 - 37.7 12.5 4.9 2.4 9.9 - 12 .2 3*4 4.6 7.: 3# 4 .: _ _ 23.3 39.0 .4 1.6 11.5 16.3 6.7 2.5 - 25.5 6.2 7.1 - 1.3 4.3 10.2 2.9 3.6 1.3 4.9 2.5 6.9 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave • •••«.... . 63.6 57.9 69.2 63.4 64.4 61.0 74.5 62.3 All offices studied ......... .......... 1 year of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave •••••••••...... ...... 5 days «........... ...... ........ 6 days ........... ................ 7 - 3 - 9 days ................. .• 10 days .......... ................. lOjjj - 11 days •••.......... ........ 12 days ••..•••••••••....... ....... 15 - 15j days .................... . 20 days .......... ............ Over 20 days ................. ..... Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave .................. 10 .4 2 years of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave ..••.•••...... .. 5 days ......................... ... 6 days ............ .......... .... 7 - 3 - 9 days ................ .. 10 days •••.•.•••••••.............. . 104 - 11 days ••••••••............. . 12 days .......... .......... . 15 - 154 days ...................... 20 days ••••»••••••••••.... . Over 20 days ........... .......... Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick l e a v e ....... . 13 .6 - 5 years of service 63.3 .1 - 5.7 - - 9 2 .1 17 TABLE 8.— Nonproduction bonuses in Boston offices, January 1950 Type of bonus Percent of worlcers emtDloved Ln offices in Transpor Manufacturing Finance, tation, All All Non Whole insur communi Central manu Durable Retail indus durable sale cation, Services ance, offices goods trade fac tries goods trade and real and other turing estate public utilities All offices studied ................ .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with nonproduction bonuses "iJ .......... .............. 35.2 36.8 28.2 46.2 46.0 51.6 32.4 12.6 31.3 18.6 Christmas or year-end ..... ...... Profit-sharing............ . O t h e r ....................... . 28.1 2.1 5.8 30.0 16.1 5.4 6.7 46.2 6.1 1.9 42.0 2.4 1.6 37.4 5.7 4.4 14.4 23.3 1.6 7.5 12.6 - 31.3 - 11.7 6.9 Offices with no nonproduction bonuses ............................ 64.8 63.2 71.8 53.8 54.0 48.4 67.6 87.4 68.7 81.4 iJ - Unduplicated total. TABLE 9.— Insurance and pension plans in Boston offices, January 1950 Type of plan All offices studied .................. Offices with insurance or pension plans X/ ............ ............. Life insurance Health insurance ............... Retirement pension .............. Other ...... ............. •••••• Offices with no insurance or pension plans 1/ Unduplicated total, Percent of workers employed in offices in Transpor Manufacturing Finance, tation, All All Non Whole insur communi manu Durable Retail Central indus durable sale ance, cation, Services fac goods trade offices tries goods trade and real and other turing public estate utilities lOQ^P ....100*0,,-., -100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.6 92.0 97.5 85.9 80.6 92.1 97.3 78.1 34.9 53.2 60.1 79.7 48.2 36.8 62.8 86.3 55.6 38.6 63.4 72.6 40.0 34.9 62.0 64.8 30.5 33.0 49.5 77.1 49.7 42.9 55.5 8.4 8.0 2.5 U.1 19.4 7.9 100.0 100.0 90.6 78.3 86.8 91.9 26.6 68.6 72.2 42.2 44.4 82.6 36.9 45.1 26.8 33.8 28.6 81.8 4.9 35.8 41.9 2.7 9.4 21.7 13.2 . 18 - APPENDIX A Scope and Method of Survey The information presented in this “bulletin was collected by visits of field representa tives of the Bureau to representative offices in the city surveyed. In classifying workers “by oc cupation, uniform job descriptions were used; they are presented in Appendix B. No attempt was made to study all office occupations and, in general, the jobs surveyed were those that are found in a large proportion of offices and that involve duties that are more or less uniform from firm to firm. The jobs studied are more representative of the salaries of women than of men office workers. The study covered six broad industry divisions (andcentral offices) and in each division only establishments above a certain size were studied. Office employment in smaller establishments was not considered sufficiently great to warrant Inclusion of such establishments in the survey. A greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied in order to maximize the proportion of office workers that could be surveyed with available resources. Each group of estab lishments of a certain size, however, was given only its proper influence on the information pre sented. The industries included in the study together with the minimum size of establishments and the number of establishments surveyed are summarized below. Establishments and workers in major industry divisions in Boston, and number studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 1950 Item Minimum Number of size of establishments establish Estimated ment Studied total 1/ Employment Estimated total 2/ In establishments studied Office Total Industry division All divisions.... ....... . Manufacturing..... ••.•••••••• Durable goods 3/ .......... Nondurable goods k/ ....... Wholesale trade ••••••••••••••• Retail trade ......... ....... Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5/ Services 6/ .•••••••••••••••••• Central offices 1,748 34 42 39 358,700 168,800 65,700 103,100 37,300 60,400 148,510 63,330 37,100 26,230 7,660 30,600 38,760 7,520 5,130 2,390 2,220 4,530 237 52 18 101 26 101 456 150 306 492 167 26 321 4o 43,100 18,770 17,480 101 66 222 24 20 29 15 31,000 16,300 1,800 21,440 5,210 1,500 4,300 1,748 110 179 627 237 63 36 78 358,700 158,000 61,300 100,500 38,900 148,510 119,630 13,030 101 101 26 26 1,560 1,150 Size of establishment All size groups .................. 501 and over 251 - 500 .................... 101-250 ................... 26 - 100 .................... l/ 832 60 12,980 2,870 38,760 29,960 2,730 4,510 1,560 Number of plant and office workers. 2/ Plant and office employment in the Boston Metropolitan Area (as defined by the Bureau of the Budget). 3/ Metalworking; lumber, furniture, and other wood products; stone, clay and glass products; professional, scientific and controlling instruments; optical goods; watches and clocks; and mis cellaneous manufacturing. k/ Food and kindred products; tobacco; textiles; apparel and other finished products made from fabrics; paper and paper products; printing and publishing; chemicals; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather products. 5/ Excludes railroads. 6/ Business service; such professional services as engineering, architectural, accounting, auditing and bookkeeping firms; motion pictures; and nonprofit membership organizations. The information on weekly salaries excludes overtime pay and nonproduction bonuses hut includes incentive earnings. The veekly hours data refer to the work schedules for which these salaries are paid. Hourly rates were obtained by dividing these weekly salaries by scheduled hours. The number of workers presented refers to the estimated total employed in all establishments with in the scope of the study and not to the number actually surveyed. Data are shown only for full-time workers, defined as those who are hired establishments full-time schedule for the occupational classification. to work the Information on wage practices refers to all office workers except in the tabulations of scheduled weekly hours and days in workweek for women workers. It is presented in terms of the proportion of workers employed in offices with the practice in question. Because of eligibility requirements, the proportion actually receiving the benefits in question may be smaller. The summary of vacation and sick leave plans is limited to formal arrangements and ex cludes informal plans whereby time off with pay may be granted at the discretion of the employer or other supervisor. Sick leave plans are further limited to those providing full pay for at least some amount of time off and exclude health insurance even though paid for by employers. In evaluating information on variations in salaries with size of establishment, in the few cities in which the coverage Justifies such a summary, it should be remembered that this fac tor may be related to others. There is frequently an important relationship between size and in dustrial classification in the broad industry groups used in these surveys. 20 APPENDIX B Descriptions of Occupations Studied The primary purpose of the Bureau’s job descriptions is to assist its field staff in classifying workers who are employed under a variety of pay-roll titles and different work arrangements from office to office and from area to area, into appropriate occupations* This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Be cause of this emphasis on interoffice and interarea comparability of occupation al content, the Bureau’s job descriptions differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In view of these special characteristics of the Bureau’s job descriptions, their adop tion without modification by any single establishment or for any other purpose than that indicated herein is not recommended. Where office workers regularly perform duties classified in more than one occupation, they are generally clas sified according to the most skilled or responsible duties that are a regular part of their job and that are significant in determining their value to the firm. BILLER, MACHINE A worker who prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. Should be designated as working on billing machine or bookkeeping machine as described below. Billing Machine - A worker who uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of nec essary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of car bon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fan-fold machine. Bookkeeping Machine - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare cus tomers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally Involves the simultaneous entry of figures on a customer’s ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPER, HAND A worker who keeps a set of bool® for recording business transactions and whose work in volves most of the following: posting and balancirijg subsidiary ledgers, cash books or journals, journalizing transactions where judgment is involved as to accounts affected; posting general ledger; and taking trial balances. May also prepare accounting statements and bills; may direct work of assistants or accounting clerks. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE' OPERATOR A worker who operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, strand, Burroughs, National Cash Register) to keep a record of business transactions. Sund- Class A - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter key board to keep a set of records of business transactions usually requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter key board to keep a record ofone or more phases or sections of a set of recdrds pertaining to busi ness transactions usually requiring some knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, pay-roll, customers1 accounts (not including simple type of billing described under Biller, Machine), cost distributions, expense distributions, inventory control, etc. In addition, may check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CAIGULATING-MAC5INE OPERATOR A worker whose primary function consists of operating a calculating form mathematical computations other than addition exclusively. machine to per Comptometer type Other than Comptometer type CLERK, ACCOUNTING A worker who performs one or more accounting operations such as preparing simple jour nal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers; coding Invoices or vouchers with proper accounting dis tributions; entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting and bal ancing subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledger, e.g., accounts receivable, accounts payable, stock records, voucher journal. May assist in preparing journal entries. For workers whose duties include handling the general ledger or a set of books, see Bookkeeper, Hand. CLERK, FILE, Class A - A worker who is responsible for maintaining an established filing system and classifies and Indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and lo cating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B - A worker who performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, GENERAL A worker who is typically required to perform a variety of office operations. This requirement may arise as a result of Impracticability of specialization in a small office or because versatility is essential in meeting peak requirements in larger offices. The work generally involves the use of independent judgment in tending to a pattern of office work from day to day, as well as knowledge relating to phases of office work that occur only occasionally. For example, the range of operations performed may entail all or some combination of the fol lowing: answering correspondence, preparing bills and invoices, posting to various records, preparing pay rolls, filing, etc. May also operate various office machines and type as the work requires. (See Clerk-Typist.) 22 CIiKHK, ORDER A worker who receives customers1 orders for material or merchandise hy mail, phone, or personally and whose duties involve any combination of the following: quoting prices to cus tomers, making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order, checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet, distributing order sheets to respective departments to he filled. May also check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowl edge receipt of orders from customers, follow-up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAY-ROLL A worker who confutes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the pay-roll sheets and whose duties involve: calculating worker’s earnings based on time or produc tion records; posting calculated data on pay-roll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. In addition, may make out pay checks and assist the paymaster in making up and distributing the pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. CLERK-TYPIST A worker who does clerical work requiring little special training but the performance of which requires the use of a typewriter for a major portion of the time and whose work in volves typing letters, reports, and other matter from rough draft or corrected copy and one or more of the following; keeping simple records; filing records and reports; making out bills; sorting and distributing incoming mail. KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR l/ Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records account ing and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on rec ords. May be required to duplica^e cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files on punched cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL A worker who performs a variety of routine duties such as running errands; minor office machines, such as sealers or mailers; opening and distributing mail, minor clerical work. (Bonded messengers are excluded from this classification.) operating and other SECRETARY l/ A worker who performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an adminis trative or executive position and whose duties involve the following: making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; . answering and making phone calls; handling per sonal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine (except where tran scribing machine is used), and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. In addition, may prepare special reports or memoranda for Information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL A worker whose primary function is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to l/ Not surveyed in all cities - 23 - STENCXSRAPHER # GENERAL - Continued transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See Transcribing-Machine Operator.) STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL A worker whose primary function is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See Transcribing Machine Operator.) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR A worker who operates a single or multiple position telephone switchboard, and whose duties involve: handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. In addition, may record toll calls and take messages. As a minor part of duties, may give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also do typing or other stenographic work or act as receptionists, see Switchboard Operator-Receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST A worker who in addition to performing, duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and/or performs typing or other routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker*s time while at switchboard. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL A worker whpse primary function is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcrib ing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do single clerical work. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a Stenographer, General. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, TECHNICAL A worker whose primary function is to transcribe dictation involving a varied tech nical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from transcrib ing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a Stenographer, Technical. TYPIST A worker who uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May operate a teletype machine. Class A - A worker who performs one or more of the following: typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which $here is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign language copy; combining material from several sources; or planning lay-out of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spewing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May also type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B - A worker who performs one or more of the following: typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. # U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 0 — 1950
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