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Occupational Wage Survey YORK, PENNSYLVANIA FEBRUARY 1960 Bu letin No. 1265-27 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissionar Occupational Wage Survey YORK, PENNSYLVANIA FEBRUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-27 April I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STAnSTICS Ewan C la gvc, Commissioner For sob by l b Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface The Com m unity v^age Survey P rogram The Bureau, of Labor S ta tistics regularly conducts areaw ide wage su rveys in a number of im portant indus tria l cen ters. The stu d ies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supple m entary b en efits. A p relim inary report is available on com pletion of the study in each area, usually in the month follow ing the payroll period studied. T his bulletin provides additional data not included in the ea r lie r report. A con solidated an alytical bulletin sum m arizing the resu lts of a ll of the year*s su rveys is issu ed after com pletion of the final area bulletin for the current round of su rveys. T his report w as prepared in the B ureau^ regional office in New York, N. Y. , by E lliott A. B row ar, under the d irection of F red erick W. M ueller, R egional W age and In d u strial R elations A n alyst. Page Introduction ______________________________________________________________ 1 T ables: 1. E stab lish m en ts and w ork ers w ithin scope of survey ...................... 2 A: O ccupational earnings:* A - 1. O ffice occupations _______________________________________ A -2. P ro fessio n a l and tech n ical o ccu p a tio n s__________________ A -3. M aintenance and power plant occu p a tio n s________________ A -4. C ustodial and m aterial m ovem ent o c c u p a tio n s__________ B: E stablishm en t p ra ctices and supplem entary wage p rovision s:* B - 1. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ___________ B -2 . M inim um entrance sa la rie s for w om en office w ork ers ___________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled w eekly hours __________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays _____________________________________________ B -5 . Paid v a c a tio n s _____________ B -6 . Health, in su ran ce, and pension plans ___________________ 8 9 9 10 11 13 Appendix: O ccupational d escrip tion s __________________________________ 15 * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations for th ese and other item s are available in the rep orts for su rveys in other m ajor a r e a s. A d irectory indicating date of study and the price of the rep orts is available upon request. Union sc a le s, indicative of prevailing pay le v e ls, are a lso available for seven selected building trad es in the York area. iii 4 5 6 7 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rv e y — Y o rk , P a . Introduction This area is one of sev er a l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of L ab or's B ureau of Labor S ta tistics has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areaw ide b a sis. In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v isits of Bureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts within six broad industry d ivisions: M anufacturing; tra n sp o rta tio n ,1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; retail trade; finance, in su ran ce, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from these stu dies are governm ent operations and the con struction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted also because they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of. the broad industry d ivision s. T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b asis because of the u n n ecessary co st involved in surveying all esta b lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accuracy at m inim um co st, a greater proportion of large than of sm all estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim ates based on the estab lish m en ts studied are presented, th erefore, as r e lating to all estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cept for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selected for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sifica tio n is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties within the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of these d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice c le rica l; (b) p ro fession a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w ork ers, i. e . , those hired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational c la ssifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olidays, and 1 R ailroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these stu d ies, have been added in nearly all of the areas to be studied during the w inter of 1959-60; railroad s w ill be added in the rem aining areas next year. F or scope of survey in this area, see footnote to "transporta tion, com m unication, and other public u tilities" in table 1. late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where w eekly hours are reported, as for office cle r ic a l occupations, referen ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which straigh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid; average w eekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are presented sep arately for selected occupations in which both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay lev els of m en and wom en in these occupations are largely due to (l) d ifferen ces in the distribution of the sex es among industries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ssifie d within the sam e survey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la rie s are adjusted on this b asis. Longer average serv ic e of m en would resu lt in higher average pay when both sex es are em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in these su rveys are u su ally m ore gen eralized than those used in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces among estab lish m en ts in specifip duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally surveyed. B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational structure among estab lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T hese d ifferen ces in occu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn** ings data. E stablishm en t P ra c tic es and Supplem entary Wage P rovision s Inform ation is presented also (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary ben efits as they r e late to office and plant w ork ers. The term "office w ork ers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working su p erv iso rs and nonsupervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related functions, and exclu d es adm in istr a tiv e, ex ecu tive, and p rofession al p erson n el. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all nonsu p ervisory w orkers (including lead m en and train ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istrative, execu tive, and p rofession al em p lo yees, and force-acco u n t construction em ployees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded. C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing indus tries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing industries. 2 Table 1. Establishments Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll divisions _ _ _ and workers within scope of survey _ M anufacturing_____________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities* __________ Wholesale trade _______________________ Retail trade ____________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate _ _____ __________________ S e rv ic e s 7 . _______________ ___________ and number studied in York, Pa. , 1 by major industry division, 2 February I960 Number of establishments Within scope of study 3 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied T otal4 Office Plant T otal4 51 237 86 45, 100 6, 000 3 2 ,9 0 0 26, 080 51 51 169 68 55 31 37, 000 8, 100 4, 500 1, 500 2 8 ,2 0 0 4, 700 21, 520 4, 560 51 51 51 23 5 24 13 2 9 3 ,3 0 0 600 2, 700 500 (?) ( 6) 1,800 ( 6) (* ) 2 ,4 5 0 250 1, 080 51 51 7 9 3 4 700 800 (* ) (6) (M ( 6) 330 450 1 The York Metropolitan A rea (York County). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate descrip tion of the size and composition of the labor force included in this survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since ( l ) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau’ s labor market wage survey program prior to the winter of 1958-1959) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting, from services to the transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Railroads were included; taxicabs and services incidental to water transporation were excluded. 4 This ihdustry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business service s; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 The sum m ary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge m en ts, excluding inform al plans w hereby tim e off with pay is granted at the d iscretio n of the em p loyer. Separate estim a tes are provided according to em ployer practice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percen t of annual earn in gs, or fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations of vacation allow an ces, paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w ere converted; for exam p le, a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual earnings w as con sid ered as the equivalent of 1 w e ek 's pay. Data are presen ted for all health , in su ran ce, and pension plans for which at le a st a part of the c o st is borne by the em p lo yer, excepting only leg al req u irem en ts such as w ork m en 's com p ensation and so cia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a co m m ercia l insuran ce com pany and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of cu rren t operating funds or from a fund s e t asid e for this purpose. Death b en efits are included as a form of life in su ran ce. S ick n ess and accident insuran ce is limited* to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined ca sh paym ents are m ade d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a sis during illn e s s or accident d isab ility. Inform ation is p resen ted for all such plans to which the em ployer con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New York and New J e r se y , which have enacted tem porary d isab ility insuran ce law s which require e m ployer co n trib u tio n s,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly req u ired , or (2) provides the em ployee with ben efits which ex ceed the req u irem en ts of the law . Tabulations of paid sic k -le a v e plans are lim ited to form al p la n s5 w hich provide full pay or a proportion of the w ork er's pay during absence from work b ecause of illn e s s . Separate tabulations are provided accord ing to (l) plans which provide fu ll pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing eith er partial pay or a w aiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of w ork ers who are provided sick n ess and accident insurance or paid sick lea v e, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who receiv e eith er or both types of b en efits. C atastrophe in su ran ce, so m etim es referred to as extended m edical in su ran ce, inclu des those plans which are d esign ed to p rotect em p loyees in ca se of sick n ess and injury involving ex p en ses beyond the norm al coverage of h osp italization , m ed ica l, and su rgical plans. M edical insurance re fe rs to plans providing for com p lete or partial paym ent of d octors' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m er cia l insuran ce com panies or nonprofit organ ization s or they m ay be self-in su r ed . Tabulations of retirem en t pen sion plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents for the rem ainder of the w o rk er's life . 2 An estab lish m en t was co n sid ered as having a policy if it m et eith er of the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated late sh ifts at the tim e of the su rvey, or (2) had form al p rovision s coverin g late sh ifts. 3 Scheduled w eekly hours for office w orkers (first sectio n of table B -3 ) in su rveys m ade prior to late 1957 and ea rly 1958 w ere p resen ted in term s of the proportion of wom en office w orkers e m ployed in o ffices with the indicated w eekly hours for w om en w o rk ers. 4 The tem porary d isab ility law s in C aliforn ia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer con trib u tion s. 5 An estab lish m en t w as co n sid ered as having a form al plan if it estab lish ed at le a st the m inim um num ber of days of sick leave that could be expected by each em p lo yee. Such a plan need not be w ritten , but inform al sick -lea v e allow an ces, d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is , w ere excluded. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to m anufacturing in d u stries. This inform ation is presented both in term s of (a) esta b lish m en t p o lic y ,2 p resen ted in term s of total plant w orker em p loy m ent, and (b) effectiv e p ra ctice, presented on the b a sis of w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ecified sh ift at the tim e of the su rvey. In estab lish m en ts having varied d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r, if no am ount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sification "other11 was u sed . In estab lish m en ts in which som e la te shift hours are paid at norm al ra te s, a d ifferential was record ed only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lish m en ts v isited . They are p resented on an estab lish m en t, rather than on an em ploym ent b a sis. P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in su ran ce, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m a jority of such w orkers are elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify for the p ra ctices liste d . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that these are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m ajority are c o v e r e d .3 B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal to tals. The fir s t part of the paid holidays table p resen ts the num b er of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part com b ines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffic e Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, York, Pa. , February I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours* (Standard) s $ $ S $ $ * t S s S $ t i;— Weekly, 40.00 45.00 *50.00 *55.00 60.00 65.00 *70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 *30.00 earnings1 and (Standard) under 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 Men _ _ _ _ . - - - _ - 1 - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 102.50 102.50 - - 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .5 59.50 63.50 52.50 11 7 4 23 19 40. 0 40. 0 62.00 63.00 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing---------------------------------- 55 23 32 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 C lerks, accounting, class A ----------Manufacturing__________________________ 30 24 C lerks, accounting, class B -------------------M anufacturing---------------------------------------- C lerks, accounting, class A _____________ M anufacturing__________________________ 30 28 40. 0 $ 9 2 .5 0 40. 0 91.00 - C lerks, accounting, class B ___________ M anufacturing_________________________ _ 37 32 40. 0 40. 0 70.00 68.00 " 9 9 C lerks, order ______________________________ Manufacturing__________________________ 56 48 40. 0 40. 0 74.50 74.50 _ " C lerk s, p a y r o ll____________________________ M anufacturing---------------------------------------- 27 23 40. 0 40. 0 77.00 76.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class A _______________ _________________ M anufacturing__________________________ 17 17 40. 0 40. 0 B ille rs, machine (billing machine) __ . M anufacturing__________________________ Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ _ _____ 68 45 23 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A __________ ________ _____ ___ ___ Manufacturing _ ________________________ _ 1 - _ _ - _ _ - - “ - - _ _ _ _ - - - - " 1 - _ - _ _ - - _ - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 3 3 2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - 5 3 - 3 3 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ " - - - _ _ - _ - - " - - _ . _ 1 1 3 3 1 1 10 10 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 5 4 4 3 1 - 1 1 10 10 21 19 10 6 11 9 _ . - - 1 1 5 5 1 1 2 - 11 11 3 2 - - - - - ~ 3 3 3 3 4 4 11 6 5 7 7 3 3 - 20 17 3 2 2 - 10 10 " - - 2 - 7 7 8 8 4 2 - 55.50 54.50 56.50 4 2 2 10 6 4 10 4 6 14 7 7 10 2 8 5 5 39. 5 39. 5 77.00 78.00 _ - _ - 1 - - 50 40 40. 0 39. 5 55.00 58.50 10 - " 17 17 7 7 C lerks, file, class B ----- — --------------------M anufacturing__________________________ Nonmanufacturing---------------------------------- 77 25 52 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 49.00 60.00 43.50 41 1 40 19 7 12 2 2 - C lerks, order_____________ _________________ Manufacturing___ __ _ _______ _ 64 52 40. 0 40. 0 57.50 58.50 2 2 C lerk s, p a y r o ll____________________________ M anufacturing__________________________ 98 85 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 66.50 66.00 6 - 4 2 Keypunch operators — — — ----- — Manufacturing . . . . . . ___ ______ 51 44 40. 0 40. 0 66.00 67.50 3 3 2 2 S e creta ries_________________________________ M anufacturing---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing___ _. ____ ___ Public utilities 2 ------------------------------- 214 181 33 21 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 40. 5 40. 5 83.50 85700 70.50 70.50 _ _ - Stenographers, gen eral------ _. . . . — M anufacturing---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------. . ----- 212 nnr 26 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39. 0 66.00 55750 63.50 12 12 “ _ ! 2 2 2 2 1 _ _ _ - - - - 3 3 _ _ - 3 3 _ - . - 1 1 - 3 3 _ “ _ - - _ - 2 2 - - - - " 2 2 - - 16 13 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 7 4 4 2 2 3 3 - _ . - - - 2 2 - 2 2 - 7 7 - 2 2 - 2 2 - _ _ - - 3 3 26 26 18 12 9 9 _ _ _ - - - - - - 9 9 22 22 15 11 14 12 10 9 8 8 6 4 5 3 2 2 8 r 13 13 1 1 5 4 _ 5 5 6 6 8 8 _ - - 5 5 5 5 4 1 - 7 2 5 1 16 10 6 6 10 10 - 30 23 7 4 48 41 7 4 15 14 1 " 3 2 1 16 16 ■ 23 16 7 41 37 4 39 31 8 35 31 4 19 18 1 13 12 1 9 9 “ _ 4 4 ! 1 _ _ Women See footnotes at end of table. — - _ - - _ - _ . . _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 34 34 - 25 25 - 10 10 - 9 8 1 1 - _ - - _ - - 2 2 " _ - _ “ . “ - _ - - - - ‘ ' _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - _ - 5 T ab le A-1. O ffic e O ccupations-C ontinued (Average straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, York, P a ., February I960) A nuai Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- s s s s S t s S S s 1 1 S S S S S I S 40. 00 45. 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 S K m1 and (Standard) (StuuuSri) under 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 W om en— Continued 36 25 11 23 17 6 21 18 3 2 1 1 15 12 3 3 3 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 5 3 - 2 2 - 2 2 1 1 6 6 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 6 3 6 6 13 11 14 13 2 1 7 7 2 2 3 3 - - - _ _ _ _ _ - " - - - - " - - 3 3 Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists -----Manufacturing -------------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g --------- ----------------------- 122 89 33 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 $ 5 9 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 3 1 2 13 6 7 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss B _________ ___________ ___ — ___ ___ Manufacturing --------------------------------------- 19 17 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 7 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 - 40. 0 3 9 .5 6 5 .0 0 67. 00 - T ranscribing-m achine operators, general ------------------------------------------- ______ Manufacturing ----------------—------ —--------- 55 ------- 45“ - - _ T y pists, c la ss A -----------------------------------— Manufacturing -------------------------------------- 98 95 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 5 9 .5 0 6 o .o o - 6 6 35 32 11 11 17 17 17 17 8 8 1 1 T ypists, cla ss B . . . -----------------. Manufacturing -------- --------- - — Nonmanufacturing — ---------------------------- 137 107 30 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 5 6 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 4 7 .5 0 29 13 16 23 21 2 14 7 7 21 17 4 21 21 “ 15 14 1 5 5 9 9 ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - ■ ■ “ ■ " “ “ _ _ ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Tab le A -2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, York, P a ., February I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING 8TRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS O F- A nuoi Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers s $ s * S 55. 00 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 _ and s Weekly. Weekly. hours (Standard) earnings (Standard) under t s s s s S s S S s s 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 *135.00 140.00 *145.00 _ _ _ _ _ . _ and _ _ 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 over M en 40. 0 $126 .50 128.00 4 0 .0 - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 2 2 2 7 5 3 3 16 6 4 4 7 7 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 104.00 105.50 9 2.50 . - - 10 10 ■ 35 35 ■ 28 22 6 30 30 “ 41 34 7 2 2 ~ - “ 10 10 ■ 2 2 - 7 7 - 12 12 - 5 1 4 6 _ 141 101 40 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 83.00 86.00 75.00 2 2 8 4 4 20 5 15 5 5 17 17 32 19 13 16 16 3 3 3 3 3 3 17 17 40. 0 40. 0 78.00 78.00 3 3 1 1 _ 3 4 4 . - D raftsm en, l e a d e r ----- — M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------- 50 37 D raftsm en, s e n i o r ----- — M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------Nonmanufacturing ------ 195 17* 23 D raftsm en, junior ---------Manufacturing -----------Nonmanufacturing — . - 6 15 15 17 11 6 5 1 1 - 3 2 5 5 i i - 6 6 ■ " ‘ - - - - - ■ ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - W om en N u rses, industrial (registered ) Manufacturing ----------------------- 3 ~ 5 ‘ 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. 6 Table A -3. Maintenance apd Powerplant Occupations (Average straight>time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, York, P a ., February I960) NUMBER 07 WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of worker* Average hourly . Under earnings $ 1.40 $1.40 and under 1.50 $1.50 1.60 Carpenters, maintenance . . . -----Manufacturing -------------------------------------------- 36 36 $ 2 . 36 2. 36 Electricians, maintenance ------------------- ---------Manufacturing -------- . . . . ---- 135 135 2.47 2.47 - - 81 79 1.94 1.95 3 1 15 15 7 7 Helpers, trades, maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing —---- — — ----------------— — Public utilities 2 . . . . . - . --------- --------- 171 121 50 48 1.87 1.93 1.72 1.72 7 7 - 1 1 ~ Machine-tool operators, toolroom . . . . --------- Manufacturing -------- —___ ____ — 82 82 2.49 2.49 Machinists, maintenance . . . . . . . . . ---- . . . Manufacturing -------------------------------------------- 80 76 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) —— ---Manufacturing ---------- . . . . . . . . .... Nonmanufacturing _____—-------------------------- . Public utilities 2 ------------------------------------- Firemen, stationary boiler Manufacturing . ------- .... ........... . . . . . —------ — — $1.60 ...li 7.9__ $ 1.70 * 1 .8 0 *1 .9 0 *2. 00 *2. 10 *2. 20 S2. 30 *2.40 $ 2.50 $2.60 * 2 .7 0 *2.80 *2.90 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2.20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2. 90 3.00 *3.00 and over 10 10 2 2 10 10 9 9 - 4 4 - 1 - 10 10 12 12 9 9 13 13 21 21 15 15 34 34 6 6 13 13 _ . - - 6 6 15 15 _ . _ _ _ _ - - 9 9 _ n 12 12 “ - - - - 15 14 1 1 57 47 10 10 12 12 - 10 9 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - . - . - _ - _ - - - - - - - - _ . - . - - - 2 2 . _ - - 3 3 13 1 12 10 21 2 19 19 9 9 - 26 19 7 7 n _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 12 12 6 6 13 13 38 38 5 5 6 6 _ - - 2 2 2.40 2. 38 _ _ _ _ . - - - - 1 1 5 5 7 7 1 1 9 9 14 14 8 8 24 21 3 3 5 5 2 2 1 - _ - 75 20 55 51 2.46 2.45 2.46 2.48 _ - . - _ " _ - 2 2 - 3 3 3 - _ - 4 4 - 5 5 5 6 6 6 14 12 2 2 31 1 30 30 2 2 - 5 5 5 3 3 - . - _ - Mechanics, maintenance ------ . . -------- . . . . Manufacturing -------------------------------------------- 218 207 2.46 2.46 _ _ 2 ---- 2------ _ 13 13 19 19 9 4 16 16 9 9 28 22 102 102 7 7 _ _ - 11 11 _ - 2 2 _ - - - M illw r ig h ts -------- — -----------— ---------------- . . . . . . Manufacturing -------------------------------------------- 42 42 2.50 2.50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 7 7 3 3 7 7 10 10 _ - 3 3 _ - 7 7 _ - 5 5 - - Oilers ------------------------ -------- ---------------------------Manufacturing ------ . . . . . . . . . 31 31 1.93 1.93 3 3 _ 5 5 4 4 _ 3 3 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - 13 13 . - 1 1 - " Painters, maintenance — ------— --------- ---- ------Manufacturing — ------ - . . ----------- 23 23 2.09 2.09 . _ _ 1 1 5 5 9 9 _ - 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 _ - _ - . _ - 3 3 _ - _ - - Pipefitters, maintenance Manufacturing ------------------------------. ...... 46 46 2. 37 2. 37 4 4 6 6 - 1 1 8 8 _ - 7 7 _ . - ------- ----------------- --------. . . ------ . . . . . . ------- — . 110 2.63 2.63 7 17 17 10 10 14 14 14 14 13 13 21 21 12 12 2 no Tool and die makers Manufacturing . - _ _ _ - ~ - . - . - _ - . - 3 3 17 17 _ . _ . . _ - _ _ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. _■ 7 - - _ - - 2 7 Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, York, P a ., February I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Guards----------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------ . . — — ------- . . Number of worker* — $ $ $ $ $ , Under 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 earning* * and $ under 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 Avenge hourly $ 1 .8 4 58 v M ... 1r ~ - * - - 2 “ $ 1.50 *1.60 1.60 1.70 15 15 5 5 - $ 1.70 * 1.80 $ 1.90 $ S t t 2. 00 *2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 1.80 1. 90 2. 00 2 . t - 12 12 6 6 2 2 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 . 2.40 $ $ $ * $ $ 2. 50 2. 60 2.70 2.80 2. 90 3. 00 and 2.80 2.90 2. 50 2. 60 2.70 3. 00 over 14 14 . . _ . . . - - - “ - - - - Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men)------------Manufacturing --------- . . . . . Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------Public utilities 5 --------------------------------------- 289 237 52 17 1.64 1.71 1. 32 1.47 3 3 - 11 2 9 - 7 1 6 3 38 29 9 3 14 12 2 * 17 9 8 2 12 8 4 2 32 26 6 4 50 48 2 - 55 52 3 3 14 14 30 30 6 6 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women)-------Manufacturing---- - - . ------------ — — 38 25 1.42 1.53 3 - 6 4 3 1 4 1 2 2 6 6 _ 4 1 2 2 5 5 _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . - " " - - - - - - - Laborers, material handling----------------------------Manufacturing-----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------Public utilities3 ---- — - - — 732 609 123 109 1.86 1.78 2.25 2.29 _ - 26 26 - 32 32 - 33 33 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 1.93 2.04 1.74 - 4 4 11 3 8 19 5 14 9 9 ” 9 9 ■ 61 61 2 2 “ 192 190 2 105 105 “ 92 1 91 38 36 2 _ ' 124 120 4 2 300 183 117 24 22 2 _ " 48 39 9 3 Order fille rs. . . — . — — Manufacturing-----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing---. . . . 19 19 _ " 4 4 " 102 14 88 88 “ 12 12 12 _ - 4 4 4 _ ■ _ ~ . * . _ “ _ 45 45 ■ _ _ - _ " Packers, shipping (m en )-----------------------------------Manufacturing---. . . Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------- ------ 248 230 18 1.88 1.93 1.28 _ ■ 6 6 19 11 8 14 14 “ 5 5 ~ 12 12 “ 7 7 " 7 7 ■ 3 3 " 93 93 “ 5 3 2 5 3 2 _ - 20 20 16 16 - 6 6 30 30 _ - _ - _ - . - 60 60 1.48 1.48 . 8 8 9 9 4 4 4 4 1 1 " 3 3 “ 3 1 2 5 5 “ 9 7 2 23 18 5 8 8 ■ 9 9 ~ 9 7 2 " “ “ 2 2 ■ “ - 1 5 5 " 3 3 1.99 2.11 1. 65 10 10 ■ 21 21 77 57 20 _ - ■ Shipping clerk s---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing------------------------------------------------ 54 46 2. 09 2. 10 _ 5 3 3 1 2 - 11 11 8 6 - 3 3 3 3 _ - 2 2 _ - 6 6 _ ~ 4 4 _ - 1 1 ------- 1 r - 4 4 _ - 1 1 Shipping and receiving clerks — Manufacturing . . . . 41 31 1. 65 1.81 _ 4 - 2 - 7 7 _ - _ - 7 7 . _ . - - . . - 5 sri _ “ 4 - _ - Truckdrivers 4 --------------------------------—----------------Manufacturing-----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------Public utilities 3 . .. 444 91 353 258 2. 19 1.82 2. 28 2. 39 _ - 2 2 - 2 2 - 8 8 - 4 4 - Truckdrivers, medium ( l 1/* to and including 4 tons) Manufacturing------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing . . . . 100 47 53 2.00 1.88 2. 10 - 2 2 - 5 5 - Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) _ . . . . . . Manufacturing — -------- --------- ------—------- ----Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------- 87 23 64 2. 13 1.72 2. 28 - Truckers, power (forklift)--------------------------------Manufacturing----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing----------------— ------— ------------ 251 226 25 2. 04 2 .05 2.02 “ _ - _ - - - Watchmen_______________________________________ Manufacturing — --------- —................... — -----— 186 184 1.64 1.64 3 3 6 6 Packers, shipping (women) — — Manufacturing ------- . Receiving clerks------— — Manufacturing . Nonmanufacturing . — _ 1 1 J 4 ----- — . . . . .. ~ — - 1 - _ _ “ _ > " - 9 9 - 23 21 18 18 - Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. - - 12 _ T T - 15 11 4 - 8 8 - 10 10 . - i i - 4 3 1 1 13 11 2 - 76 7 69 - 22 18 4 - 20 8 12 12 138 4 134 126 121 121 119 . - _ - - . - _ - - 3 3 2 2 1 1 i 3 3 11 9 2 34 34 19 15 4 9 6 3 8 2 - - - - - - i 8 2 “ “ * ■ ■ ■ 2 25 2 23 11 - 32 - - - - - - “ 50 46 4 32 1 1 “ " - 23 20 3 3 3 * 50 48 2 - - - - “ - - " 2 2 3 3 — 8 8 - 6 6 - - 18 18 3 3 15 15 — - " 49 49 15 48 15 ----- 48^ i 54 38 16 32 32 i 9 - * 3 3 12 12 “ B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary W age Provisions Table B-l. Shift D ifferentials (Percent of manufacturing plant workers in establishments having form al provisions for shift work, and in establishments actually operating late shifts by type and amount of differential, York, P a ., February I960) In establishments having form al p rovision s1 for— In establishments actually operating— Shift differential Total Second shift work Third or other shift work Second shift 7 3 .0 5 1 .4 1 2 .6 — ------------------------------- 7 3 .0 5 1 .4 1 2 .6 5. 2 ----------------------------------- 4 6 .9 28. 3 8 .5 4 .0 4 cents ------------------------------------------------------------5 cents ________________________________________ 6 cents ------------------------------------------------------------7 cents ------ ---------------------------------------------------7Vt cents --------------------------------------------------------8 cents — ______ ______________ ____________ __ _ 9 cents ------------------------------------------------------------10 cents ---------------------------------------- --------------— 12 cents ------ --------------------------------------- ----15 cents ........................................... ....................... 18 cents —.......... —---------- ----------------------------------20 cents — ---------------------------------------------------------------------24 cents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 .0 12 .5 2 .6 1 .4 2 .0 3 .9 _ - .4 3 .4 .6 ........................................................................................ With shift pay differential Uniform cents (per hour) Uniform percentage — ------------------------------------------- ------- - 1 7 .9 2 .5 2 .4 .7 1 8 .9 .7 .8 1 5 .4 7 .5 1 .5 . - .7 2. 1 .7 .6 2 .4 (2) - 1 4 .8 3 .4 - .5 3 .0 1 2 .9 1 4 .8 . 2 .8 1 .9 Other form al pay differential — ---------------------------------- 7. 2 8. 3 .7 ' ' 1 . 1 5. 2 _ . _ - 4 percent — ------ ---------------------------------------- ---------- — 5 percent ------------------- ------------------------------------------ --l xh percent -------------------------------------------------------------------------10 percent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 .9 Third or other shift . 1 2 .4 1. 2 . . 3 1 . 0 1 . 0 . 2 No shift pay differential — ------------------------------------ -------. . . . . 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, though they were not currently operating late shifts. 2 L e ss than 0. 05 percent. ' and establishments with form al provisions covering late shifts even 9 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers ^Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, York, P a ., February I960) Other inexperienced clerical workers Inexperienced typists M inim um w eek ly s a la r y 1 A ll in d u stries E stab lish m en ts studied -------------------------------------------------------------E stab lish m en ts having a sp e cified m inim um -------------------------Under $ 4 0 . 00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 . 50 ........... ........................................................... $ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 ----------------------------------------------------$ 45. 00 and under $ 47. 50 ----------------------------------------------------$ 4 7 . 50 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 ----------------------------------------------------$ 50. 00 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------$ 52. 50 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 5 . 00 and under $ 57. 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 7 . 50 and under $ 60. 00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 6 0 . 00 and under $ 62. 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 6 2 .5 0 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------E stab lish m en ts having no sp e cified m inim um ................................................. E stab lish m en ts w hich did not em p loy w o rk ers in th is category ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 86 16 - 5 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 11 59 M anufacturing N onm anufacturing B ased on standard w eek ly hours 3 of— A ll AH 40 40 sch ed u les sch ed u les XXX 55 XXX 31 5 5 11 11 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 4 XXX 7 XXX 37 XXX 22 A ll in d u stries 86 34 1 12 2 9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 13 XXX 2 M anufacturing N onm anufacturing B ased on standard w eek ly hours 31 of— A ll A ll 40 40 sch ed u les sch ed u les 55 X XX 31 XXX 21 17 13 11 1 4 5 7 6 1 1 1 1 4 2 7 2 _ 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ . 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 XXX XXX 14 25 9 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essen gers, office girls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, X XX 4 X XX 1 and for the m ost common workweek reported Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, York, P a ., February I960) OFFICE WORKERS W eekly hours A ll w ork ers -----------------------------------------------------Under 37l/z hours -------------------------------------------37V 2 hours -------------------------------------------------------O ver 37l /z and under 40 hours -----------------------40 hours ------------------------------------------------------------O ver 40 and under 44 hours ---------------------------44 hours ------------------------------------------------------------O ver 44 and under 48 hours -------------------------— 48 hours --------------- -------------------------- ---------------O ver 48 hours --------------------------------------------------1 2 3 4 Ail industries 3 100 5 6 2 86 (4 ) 1 - - PL A N T W O R K E R S M anufacturing Public u tilities2 100 3 3 2 91 (4) 1 - 100 2 12 - 86 - All industries 3 100 2 2 1 78 1 (4) 1 7 8 M anufacturing 100 1 1 78 1 9 10 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0 .5 percent. Public utilities 2 100 _ - 97 2 1 10 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution o£ office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, York, Pa. , February I960) OFFICE W O R K E R 8 Item All in du stries1 W orkers in e sta b lish m en ts providing paid h o lid a y s ----------------------------- --------------------W orkers in e sta b lish m en ts providing no paid h o lid a y s ------- — ------------------------------- M anufacturing PLANT W ORKERS Public u tilities 2 All industries 3 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 1 100 100 96 4 97 3 100 4 24 1 8 24 4 21 2 11 26 6 12 18 - 10 31 2 10 32 2 6 28 5 2 12 ‘ ~ Number of days L e ss than 6 h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s ________________________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 h a lf d a y ---------------- --------------6 holidays plus 2 h alf d a y s --------------------------------7 h o lid a y s ________________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y ----- -------------------------7 ho lid ay s plus 2 h alf d a y s --------------------------------8 h o lid a y s--------------------- ------------------------------------10 holid ays — ------------ ------------ --------------------11 holid ays ________________ — -------------------------------------12 h o lid a y . ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- 5 9 18 1 5 1 - - 7 38 46 9 - 5 28 4 2 13 1 - - _ 3 - - 37 - 40 20 - ' Total holiday lima4 12 d a y s ------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------11 or m o re days --------------------------------------------------- ---------- 10 or m o re days ------------------------------------ ------------------------------8 or m o re d a y s ------------------------- ---------- — --------------------7l/z or m o re days ------------------------------------------------------------------7 or m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------61 or m o re d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------6 or m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------5 or m o re d a y s ---------- — ---------------------------------------------------4 or m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------3 or m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------1 or m o re d a y s -------------- ---------- — — - — - — fz 1 7 33 38 70 71 95 97 98 99 99 6 _ - 30 36 74 75 96 99 99 100 100 - 9 56 56 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 - 1 16 20 53 55 86 91 92 94 96 _ - 14 19 53 55 87 92 93 95 97 _ - 20 60 60 97 97 100 100 100 100 100 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the sam e amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 11 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P ercen t d istrib u tion of office and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u stries and in in dustry d iv isio n s by vacation pay p r o v isio n s, Y ork, P a ., F eb ruary I960) PL A N T W O RK E R S O FF IC E W O RK ER S V acation p o licy A ll w o rk ers ------------------------------------------------------- 1 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 95 5 100 93 7 100 100 - All industries All industries 2 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 87 13 100 85 15 100 100 - - ■ 24 9 4 3 30 - Method of payment W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing paid vacation s -----------------------------------------------L en g th -o f-tim e paym ent ---------------------------P ercen ta g e paym ent ----------------------------------W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing no paid vacation s ----------------- ------------------------- - Amount of vacation p a y 4 A fter 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek ____________________________ _____ 1 w e e k ____________________ ________________ ___ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s -----------------------------2 w eek s --------------- ------------------------------------------A fter 1 year of s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek ------ ------------------------------------------1 w eek ---- ---------------------------------------- — ------O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s -----------------------------2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------A fter 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek __________________________________ 1 w eek ____________________ ____________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s -----------------------------2 w eek s — -------------------------- ----------------- --------A fter 3 y e a r s of se r v ic e Under 1 w eek __________________________________ 1 w eek __________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s -----------------------------2 w eek s --------------- ------------ ---------------------------A fter 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek --------------------- — ---------------------1 w eek - -------- ------- ------- ------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s ---------------------------2 w eek s ____________________ __________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ------------------------------- See footnotes at end o f table, 15 23 7 8 12 23 10 7 33 12 - 24 9 3 3 1 56 2 41 1 53 2 44 _ 88 12 3 80 8 9 3 79 9 9 . 100 _ - 1 48 3 48 1 46 4 49 _ 61 5 34 3 70 15 12 3 71 17 9 77 3 20 1 30 15 54 1 26 19 54 _ 41 _ 59 3 45 24 28 3 43 28 26 _ 77 _ 23 1 7 1 4 2 92 1 _ 1 11 6 80 2 1 9 8 81 1 _ 1 1 89 1 1 - - 93 7 _ 99 - 12 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P e rc e n t d istrib u tion of office and plant w ork ers in a ll in d u stries and in in dustry d iv isio n s by vacation pay p r o v isio n s, Y ork, P a. , F eb ru ary I960) V acation p o licy OFFICE WORKERS All industries1 PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public utilities2 9 41 30 20 7 37 38 18 _ 83 17 9 17 ( 5) 73 - 7 16 ( 5) 77 " 9 17 ( 5) 58 3 13 7 16 ( 5) 58 4 14 1 7 2 16 ( S) 51 6 19 1 4 2 14 ( 5) 56 7 16 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 14 58 18 10 13 59 21 7 1 79 20 _ 7 93 - 12 30 1 56 1 13 32 1 53 1 1 _ _ 99 - _ 7 83 12 30 1 45 3 9 13 32 1 44 4 6 66 _ 33 1 7 4 28 1 40 5 14 1 7 5 31 1 40 6 9 1 _ _ _ 38 61 A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 4 — C o n tin u e d A fter 10 y ea rs of s e r v ic e U nder 2 w e e k s ___________________________________ 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------- -------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w e e k s __________ ___________ _________________ A fter 15 y e a rs of s e r v ic e U nder 2 w e e k s ___________________________________ 2 w e e k s ------------------------- — ------- ------- ----------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 w e e k s _______________ __________ ______ ______ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ______________________ A fter 20 y e a r s of s e r v ic e U nder 2 w e e k s ___________________________________ 2 w eek s --------------------------------- -------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ------------------------------3 w e e k s _______________ ___________________________ O ver 3,and under 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------ -------------------------------------------------A fter 25 y e a r s of s e r v ic e Under 1 w e e k ______ _____ — _________________ T. w e e k ___________ _______ _____________________ __ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s -------------- ----------- _ 2 w e e k s -------------- ----------- ---------------------------- O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------4 w e e k s _____ -________________ _____ __________ 1 2 3 4 s e r v ic e 5 - 9 . - 7 62 30 1 _ _ Includes data for w h o lesa le trade; r e ta il trade; fin an ce, in su ra n ce, and r ea l esta te; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely . T ran sp ortation , com m un ication , and oth er public u tilitie s. Includes data for w h o lesa le tra d e, r e ta il tra d e, re a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th o se in d u stry d iv isio n s show n sep a ra tely . P er io d s of s e r v ic e w ere a r b itr a r ily ch o sen and do not n e c e ss a r ily r e fle c t the individual p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e ssio n s. F o r exam p le, the chan ges in prop ortion s in dicated at 10 y e a r s' in clude chan ges in p r o v isio n s occu rrin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s. L e ss than 0. 5 p ercen t. NOTE: In the tab ulation s of vacation a llo w an ces by y e a r s of s e r v ic e , paym ents oth er than "length of tim e ," such a s p ercen ta ge of annual earnin gs of fla t-su m p a ym en ts, w ere con verted to an equ ivalent tim e b a sis; for ex a m p le, a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual earnin gs w as c o n sid ered a s 1 w eek 's pay. 13 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P ercen t of o ffice and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u stries and in in dustry d iv isio n s em ployed in e sta b lish m en ts providing health, in su ra n ce, or pen sion b en efits, York, P a ., F eb ru ary I960) PL A N T W O RK ER S O FF IC E W O RK ERS A ll w ork ers -----------------------------------------------------W orkers in esta b lish m en ts providing: L ife in su ran ce --------------------------------------------A ccid en tal death and dism em b erm en t in su ran ce -------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and acciden t in su ra n ce or sic k lea v e or both4 ----------------------------------S ick n ess and acciden t in su ra n ce --------Sick lea v e (full pay and no w aiting period) -----------------------------------Sick lea v e (p artial pay or w aiting period) -----------------------------------H osp italization in su rance __________________ S u rgical in su rance - -------------------- ---------M edical in su ran ce --------------------------------------C atastrophe in su rance _____________________ R etirem en t pen sion --------------- ------------------No health, in su ra n ce, or pen sion plan ___ All industries 1 M anufacturing oo Type of benefit 100 100 94 69 95 99 76 98 79 35 93 79 56 2 91 61 1 39 60 97 96 59 31 67 99 99 58 34 72 Public utilities 2 85 85 52 10 50 All industries 3 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 97 66 94 87 100 69 94 94 6 85 34 94 43 50 98 98 52 23 55 71 71 49 8 91 9 2 95 94 52 21 56 1 Includes data for w h o lesa le trade; r e ta il trade; finance, in su ra n ce, and r ea l esta te; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in dustry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely . 2 T ransportation , com m un ication , and oth er public u tilitie s. 3 Includes data for w h o lesa le trad e, r e ta il trad e, r ea l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in dustry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely . 4 U nduplicated total of w ork ers receiv in g sic k lea v e or sic k n e ss and accid en t in su ra n ce shown sep a ra tely below . S ick -le a v e plans are lim ited to th ose w hich d efin itely esta b lish at le a st the m inim um num ber of days' pay that can be exp ected by each em p lo y ee. Inform al s ic k -le a v e a llo w an ces determ in ed on an individual b a sis are exclud ed. 15 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is essen tial in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. O FFIC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follow s: Biller, machine (hilling machine)— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done oh a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit b alances. D oes not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sa le s and credit slip s. O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F isher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational C ash R egister, with or without a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of b u sin ess tran sactio n s. Class A— K eeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated rep o rts, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. Class B— K eeps a record of one or more phases or sectio n s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping* P h ases or sectio n s include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, m achine), co st distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sh eets for the accounting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete se t of books or records relating to one phase of an e sta b lish ment’s b usiness tran sactio n s. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 16 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—.Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, ad justing and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A— In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the files. May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B— Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing older sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 17 SECRETARY TABLE ATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone c alls; handling personal and important or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also se t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptio nists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptio nist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work a s part of regular d u ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this w orker's time w hile at sw itchboard. C lass A — O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D oes not include working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. C lass B— O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. C lass C— O perates sim ple tabulating or electrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer, general. 18 TYPIST TYPIST—-Continued U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calcu latio n s have been made by another person. May in clude typing of s te n c ils , m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C lass A— Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources or responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , punc- tuation, e tc ., of tech n ical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. C lass B — Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc.; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tab les already se t up and spaced properly. PRO FESSIO NAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sse s; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and written or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or as a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combina tion o f the follow ing: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail drawings from n o tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p o ses. D uties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, d etail draw ings, m aps, cro ss-sectio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those - TRACER Copies plans and draw ings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. U ses T -square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 19 M A INTENANCE D PO W E R PL A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Perform s the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power too ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eed s fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks w ater and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Perform s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or u tilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipm ent; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications;.locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of w iring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and m easuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: O perating and m aintaining equipm ent such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May also supervise th ese operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; assistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled task s as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform v aries from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working area s; and in others he is per mitted to perform sp ecialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a ls o performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S pecializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ie s. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve req u isite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress too ls, and to se le c t proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipm ent operated in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting w ritten instructions and sp ecificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 20 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop com putations reflating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b uses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Examining m achines and m echan ical equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is mantling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a m achine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten specificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipm ent and dism antles and in stalls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the p lant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to s tre s se s , strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or w earing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishm ent. Work involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying p aint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, w hite lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , g as, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other w ritten sp ecificatio n s; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with sto ck s and d ie s; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine w hether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 21 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding in stallatio n of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F abricates, in sta lls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetm etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelv es, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chu tes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sh eetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (D iem aker; jig maker; toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; settin g up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. . For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued T ransports passengers betw een floors of an office building, apartm ent house, departm ent store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police d u ties, either at fixed post or on tour, maititaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering . JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washroom s, or prem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or w arehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 22 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; tran s porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen who load and unload ships are excluded , . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, siz e, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selectio n of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. R eceiving work involves: V eri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R eceivin g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men between various types of estab lishm ents such as: Manufacturing p lants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishm ents and customers* houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follows: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s iz e s liste d separately) Truckdriver, light (under ] l/ 2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled g asoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than fo rklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ainst fire, theft, and illeg al entry. * U .S . GOVER N M ENT P R IN T IN G O FFIC E : 1 9 6 0 0 — 5 4 8 6 9 7 Occupational Wage Surveys O c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s a re b e in g c o n d u c t e d in 6 0 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s d u r in g la t e 1 9 5 9 a n d e a r ly I 9 6 0 . T h e s e b u ll e t in s , w h e n a v a i l a b l e m a y b e p u r c h a s e d from th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n 2 5 , D .C . , or from a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n on th e in s id e front c o v e r . A s u m m a r y b u lle t in c o n t a in i n g d a t a for a l l la b o r m a r k e t s , c o m b in e d w it h a d d i t i o n a l a n a l y s i s , w il l b e i s s u e d e a r ly in 1 9 6 1 . B u l l e t i n s for th e a r e a s l i s t e d b e lo w a re n o w a v a i l a b l e . C l e v e l a n d , O h io , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 - 1 , p r ic e 2 0 c e n t s S e a t t l e , W a s h ., A u g u s t 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s D a l l a s , T e x ., O c to b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -3 , p r ic e 20 c e n t s B u ffa lo , N .Y ., O cto b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -4 , p rice 20 c e n t s S t. L o u i s , M o ., O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 5 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s M ia m i, F l a ., D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 , p r ic e 2 0 c e n t s B a lt im o r e , M d ., S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 - 7 , p r ic e 15 c e n t s B o s to n , M a s s ., O cto b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -8 , p rice 25 c e n t s D a y to n , O h io , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -9 , p ric e 25 c e n t s C a n to n , O h io , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 0 , p rice 25 c e n t s D e n v e r , C o lo ., D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 1 , p rice 25 c e n t s P o r tla n d , M a in e, N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 2 , p rice 20 c e n t s F o r t W orth, T e x . , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 3 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 4 , p rice 25 c e n t s S a n B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 5 , p rice 25 c e n ts P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 6 , p rice 25 c e n t s S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 — B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 7 , p ric e 25 c e n ts W a sh in g to n , D .C .- M d .- V a ., D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 8 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s M e m p h is , T e n n ., J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 9 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s P ittsb u r g h , P a ., D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 - B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -2 0 , p rice 25 c e n ts M i n n e a p o l i s —S t . P a u l , M i n n . , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 0 - B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 1 , p rice 25 c e n ts I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 - 2 2 , p r ic e 25 c e n t s
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