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Occupational Wage Survey WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS JUNE 1961 Bu letin No. 1285-80 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS JU N E 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-80 July 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents P age The C om m u n ity W age S u rvey P r o g r a m 1. 2. A: E sta b lish m en ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y ------------------P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e in stan dard w eek ly s a la r ie s and str a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tion a l g ro u p s ______________________________________________________________ O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s: * A - 1. O ffic e o ccu p a tio n s ---------------------------------------------A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s _______ A - 3. M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o ccu p a tio n s _____ A - 4. C u stodia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s A ppendix: O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s _____________________________________ * N O TE: S im ila r tabu lation s fo r th ese and oth er it e m s , in clu din g data on esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s , a re av ailab le in the W o r c e s t e r a r e a r e p o r t fo r June I9 6 0 . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t , as w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. C u rren t r e p o r ts on o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r a c tic e s in the W o r c e s t e r a r e a a re a lso a v a ila b le fo r the m a ch in e ry in d u str ie s (A p r il 1961). Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p re v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a ls o a v a ila ble fo r sev en bu ildin g tr a d e s . in 2 2 oo T a b le s : no T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in B oston , M a ss. , b y L e o E pstein, under the d i r e c tion o f P au l V. M ulkern, A s s is ta n t R eg ion a l D ir e c to r fo r W ages and In d u stria l R ela tion s. 1 3 v The B u reau o f L a b or S ta tistics r e g u la r ly con d u cts a re a w id e w age su r v e y s in a n u m ber o f im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n t e r s . The stu d ies, m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in ea ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied. T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d dition a l data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A co n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin su m m a rizin g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's su r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r co m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r r e n t roun d o f s u r v e y s . Intr od u ction _________________________________________________________________ W age tren d s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s ___________________________ 11 Occupational Wage Survey—Worcester, Mass. Introduction T his a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n te r s in w h ich the U. S. D ep artm en t o f L a b o r 's B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics con du cts su r v e y s o f o ccu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and r e la te d w age b en e fits on an a r e a b a s is . The b u lle tin p r e s e n ts c u r r e n t o ccu p a tio n a l em p lo y m e n t and ea rn in g s in fo rm a tio n obtained la r g e ly b y m a il fr o m the e sta b lish m en ts v is ite d b y B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is t s in the la st p r e v io u s s u r v e y fo r o c c u pation s r e p o r te d in that e a r lie r study. P e r s o n a l v is it s w e re m ade to n on resp on d en ts and to th ose re sp o n d e n ts r e p o rtin g unusual changes sin c e the p r e v io u s s u r v e y . In e a ch a r e a , data a r e obtain ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s t a b lis h m en ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; tr a n s p o r tation , 1 c o m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s ex clu d ed fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g ov e rn m e n t op era tion s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a r e om itted a ls o b e c a u s e they fu rn ish in su ffic ie n t em p lo y m e n t in the o ccu p a tio n s studied to w a r rant in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , se p a r a te tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d fo r each of the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h ese s u rv e y s a r e con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v olv ed in su rv e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts. T o obtain a p p ro p ria te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la rg e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stud ied. In com b in in g the data, h ow e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv en th eir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E stim a tes b a se d on the e sta b lis h m e n ts studied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e lating to a il e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and a r e a , e x cep t f o r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied. take a cco u n t o f in te re sta b lish m e n t v a r ia tio n in duties w ithin the sam e jo b . (See appendix fo r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip tio n s . ) E arn in gs data a re p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r the fo llo w in g types o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffice c le r i c a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c ) m a in te n an ce and p ow erp lan t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m ov em en t. O ccu p ation a l em p loy m en t and earn in g s data a r e shown fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ire d to w o r k a r e g u la r w eek ly s c h e d u le in the given o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data ex clu d e p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts. N on produ ction b on u ses a r e ex clu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in cen tiv e earn in g s a r e in clu ded . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a r e r e p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s, r e fe r e n c e is to the w o r k sch e d u le s (rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) fo r w hich s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a re paid; a v e r a g e w eek ly earn in g s fo r th ese o ccu p a tio n s have b e e n roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e ra g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en a r e p re se n te d se p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tion s in w h ich both se x e s a r e c o m m o n ly em p loy ed . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese o ccu p a tion s are la r g e ly due to ( l ) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u strie s and esta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ifi c duties p e r fo r m e d , although the o ccu p a tion s a r e a p p ro p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sa m e su r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in length o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a r e ad ju sted on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h igh er a v e ra g e pay w hen both s e x e s a re em p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ra n g e. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese s u rv e y s a r e u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in dividu al esta b lish m en ts to a llo w f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p ation s and E a rn in gs The o ccu p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p ation a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a se d on a u n ifo rm se t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to O ccu p ation a l em p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in a ll e sta b lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m ber a c tu a lly su rv e y e d . B eca u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tio n a l stru ctu re am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts, the estim a te s o f occu p a tion a l em p loym en t obtained 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y ex clu d ed fr o m the s c o p e o f th ese stu d iefr s,o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lish m en ts studied s e r v e on ly to in d icate the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u w e r e in clu ded in a ll o f the a r e a s stud ied s in c e JuLy 1959, e x ce p t B a lti pa tion a l s tru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n m o r e (S ep tem b er 1959 and D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ), B u ffa lo (O cto b e r 1959), ings data. C levela n d (S ep tem b er 1959), and Seattle (A ugust 1959). 2 T ab le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o rk ers within scope o f su rve y and num ber studied in W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv isio n , 2 June 1961 N u m ber of e sta b lish m en ts Industry division W ithin scope of stu d y 3 W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts Studied W ithin scope of study Studied _ 24 8 86 5 7 , 500 3 6 , 550 M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________ __________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________________ T r an sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilities 4 --------- — W h o lesa le trade 5 _______________ ______ R e ta il trade 5___________________________ _ F in a n c e, in su ran ce , and r e a l estate 5 ---------------------------------------------------S e r v ic e s 5 > 6 _____________________________ 163 85 52 34 4 2 ,7 0 0 1 4 ,8 0 0 2 7 , 770 8 , 780 13 11 41 8 4 12 3 , 100 6 , 700 2 ,6 3 0 390 2 , 580 15 5 7 3 3 ,6 0 0 500 2 , 750 430 A ll d ivision s _____________ _______ ___ 9 0 0 1 The W o r c e s te r Standard M etrop olitan S ta tistica l A r e a (W o r c e s te r C ity; A ubu rn, B e r lin , B o y lsto n , B r o o k fie ld , E a s t B r o o k fie ld , G rafton, H old en , L e ic e s t e r , M illb u r y , N orthborough, N orth b rid ge, North B r o o k fie ld , O xford , S h re w sb u ry, S p e n c e r , Sutton, Upton, W estb orou g h , and W e st B oylston towns in W o r c e s t e r County, M a s s . ) . The "w o r k e r s within scope o f stu d y " e stim a te s shown in this table provide a r eason ab ly accu rate d esc rip tio n of the siz e and c o m p osition of the lab or fo r c e included in the su rv e y . The e stim a te s are not intended, h o w ev er, to se r v e as a b a sis o f c o m p a r iso n with other a r e a em p loym en t indexes to m e a su r e em p loym en t trends or le v e ls sin ce ( l ) planning of wage su rv e y s re q u ir e s the u se of esta b lish m en t data co m p iled co n sid era b ly in advance of the p ayroll p eriod stud ied , and (2) sm a ll esta b lish m en ts are exclu ded fr o m the scope of the su rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v ise d edition of the Standard In d ustrial C la ssific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la ssify in g esta b lish m en ts by industry d iv isio n . M a jo r changes fr o m the e a r lie r edition (used in the B u r e a u 's lab or m a rk et wage su rv e y s conducted p rior to July 1958) are the tra n sfe r of m ilk p a ste u r iz a tion plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c on crete esta b lish m en ts fr o m trade (w holesale or r e ta il) to m an ufacturin g, and the t ra n sfe r of radio and te le v isio n b road castin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilities d iv isio n . 3 Includes all esta b lish m en ts with total em ploym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n (50 e m p lo y e e s ). A ll ou tlets (within the a r e a ) of com p an ies in such in d u strie s as tra d e , finance, auto r ep a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ictu re th eaters are c o n sid ere d as 1 e sta b lish m e n t. 4 T axic ab s and s e r v ic e s in ciden tal to w ater tran sp ortation w ere ex clu d ed . 5 This in du stry d ivision is rep rese n ted in e stim a te s fo r "a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m an u factu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s. S ep arate p resen tation of data for this d ivision is not m ade for one or m o r e o f follow in g r e a so n s: ( l ) E m p loym en t in the d ivision is too s m a ll to provide enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sam p le was not d esign ed in itia lly tp p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (3) resp o n se w as in su fficie n t or inadequate to p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (4) there is p o ssib ility of d isc lo su r e of individual e sta b lish m en t data. 6 H o te ls; p erso n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin ess s e r v ic e s ; autom obile rep a ir sh ops; m otion p ictu r e s; nonprofit m e m b e r sh ip organizations.; and en gin eerin g and a rc h itec tu ra l s e r v ic e s . Table 2 . P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a se in standard w eekly s a la r ie s and stra ig h ttim e h ourly earn ings fo r se le c te d occupational groups in W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , June I9 60 to June 1961 O ccupation al group O ffic e c le r ic a l (w o m e n )_________________ __ In dustrial n u r se s ( w o m e n )-------------------------S killed m aintenance ( m e n ) _______________ U n sk illed m aintenance (m en) ------------------ A ll in du stries M anufacturing 3 .4 2 .3 3 .4 4 .6 3. 5 2 .3 3 .4 3. 6 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in table 2 a re p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c le r i c a l w o rk e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and in a v era g e earn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o rk e r g ro u p s. F o r o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r cents o f change re la te to a v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s f o r n o rm a l h ou rs o f w ork , that is , the standard w ork sch ed u le f o r w hich s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a re p a id. F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, they m e a s u re changes in s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. The p e r cen tag es a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c t e d k e y occu p a tio n s and in clu de m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin ea ch grou p . The o f fic e c le r i c a l data a re b a sed on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B ille r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C om p tom eter o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keypun ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e ra l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u stria l n u rse data a re b a se d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the follow in g 10 s k ille d m ain ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o rk e r data: Skilled— c a r p e n te r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts ; m e ch a n ics; m e c h a n ics , au tom otiv e; m illw rig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die m a k e r s ; u n sk illed — ja n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and w atch m en . A v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v era g e h o u rly ea rn in g s w e re com pu ted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s. The a v era g e s a l a r ie s o r h o u rly earn ings w e re then m u ltip lied by the a v e ra g e e m p lo y m ent in the jo b during the m onths in d ica ted in the title o f table 2 . T h ese w eigh ted earn in g s f o r in dividu al occu p a tio n s w e re then tota led to obtain an a g g reg a te fo r e a c h o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p. F in a lly , the ra tio o f th ese grou p a g g re g a te s f o r the one y e a r to the a g g reg a te f o r the o th e r y e a r w as com pu ted and the d iffe r e n c e betw een the r e su lt and 1 00 is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m the one p e r io d to the oth er. The p e r c e n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f ( 1 ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; ( 2 ) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e iv e d b y in dividu al w o r k e r s w hile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) changes in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u ctio n s , and changes in the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o rk e r s e m p lo y e d b y esta b lish m en ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . Changes in the la b o r fo r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the occu p a tion a l a v e r a g e s w ithout actu al w age ch a n g es. F o r ex a m p le, a f o r c e ex pan sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r pa id w o rk e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tio n and r e su lt in a d rop in the a v e r a g e , w h erea s a red u ction in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r paid w o rk e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t. The m o v em en t o f a h igh -p a yin g esta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a cou ld ca u se the a v e ra g e earn in gs to d ro p , even though no change in rates o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a esta b lis h m e n ts. The u se o f constan t em p loym en t w eigh ts elim in a tes the e ffe c ts o f changes in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p re s e n te d in ea ch jo b in c lu d ed in the data. N or a re the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu en ced by changes in stan dard w ork sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a re b a se d on pay f o r str a ig h t-tim e h ou rs. In dexes fo r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 fo r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk ets are p re se n te d in BLS B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W ages and R e la ted B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a r k e ts, W inter 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-1. O ffice Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, M a s s ., June 1961) Atebaoe S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— 4 0 . 00 Weekly Weekly hours . earnings . an d (Standard/ (Standard)1 u n d e r 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 $6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 *75. 00 $8 0 . 0 0 $8 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 55. 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 . 00 7 5 .0 0 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 3 - $ 9 5 . 0 0 1$0 0 . 0 0 $ $ $ $ $ 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 00 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 00 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 00 1 1 0 . 00 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 $9 0 . 0 0 M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 73 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 1 1 .0 0 1 1 6 .0 0 - - - - - ■ - • • - C l e r k s , o r d e r -----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 53 4 0 .0 40. 0 9 5 . 50 9 6 . 50 - - - - - - - - * - O f f i c e b o y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 40. 0 4 9 . 50 33 19 4 4 - - 1 - T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A -------------------------- 15 39. 0 1 0 1 .5 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B --------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 40 22 18 39. 5 40. 6 39. 0 8 1 .5 0 8 9 . 00 7 2 . 50 - 12 5 9 14 11 3 - B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) ----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 23 38. 5 40. 0 6 1 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 13 1 B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 39 39. 0 38. 5 7 1 .0 0 7 6 . 00 - - - B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 143 52 91 3 9 .5 39. 5 39. 0 5 8 . 50 6 7 . 50 5 3 . 00 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 54 100 54 39. 0 40. 0 38. 0 8 5 . 50 9 3 . 50 7 1 .0 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 222 127 95 39. 0 40 0 38. 0 6 4 . 00 6 5 . 00 6 2 . 50 _ - C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 19 38. 5 40 0 6 9 . 50 _ 78. Oo - C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ---------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 152 76 76 39. 0 40. 0 38. 0 5 4 . 00 5 6 . 50 5 1 .0 0 7 3 4 C l e r k s , o r d e r -----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 75 40. 0 40. 0 7 5 . 00 7 6 . 00 1 - 11 11 1 - - 1 - - 9 8 " 2 j 14 8 9 9 8 2 12 12 3 5 3 2 2 2 5 6 1 1 5 5 5 5 - 1 - - _ _ _ _ - _ 4 1 1 2 1 _ 2 _ 4 _ - - - 8 8 - - - - - - " - - - - - - - - - - - " 5 -------6— 1 1 4 4 229 29 7 6 -------T ~ -------5 - - - - - 4 4 2 2 - - . 5 1 2 2 6 1 1 9 9 4 4 1 1 - - - - - 4 4 5 2 8 1 - 9 5 15 12 9 9 1 1 - - - - 9 9 - - - - - *7 7 23 23 44 4 40 12 5 7 16 14 2 18 12 6 9 3 6 7 7 " 6 6 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 11 1 10 17 2 15 13 11 2 25 14 11 5 3 2 16 14 2 15 12 3 9 6 3 2 1 1 4 4 12 12 " 2 2 16 16 " 3 3 27 11 16 18 7 11 34 21 13 38 20 18 44 23 21 11 11 " 11 11 - 11 5 6 _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - " - “ _ 4 9 3 3 10 9 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 - 1 3 2 - “ 1 - 1 - 4 2 " - " - - - 42 26 16 16 11 5 29 18 11 6 5 1 1 1 ' - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 " - “ " " - 6 6 3 3 17 17 11 10 10 10 7 7 3 3 4 4 1 1 7 7 9 24 16 9 22 36 26 10 30 2l 9 23 21 2 10 8 2 7 7 1 1 - 8 6 2 4 4 - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 - - W om en - 184 ~ n s — 46 3 9 .5 40 0 3 8 .0 6 8 . 50 6 9 . 60 6 5 .0 0 C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 — 50— 39. 0 38. 5 6 8 . 00 7 2 . 00 3 9 .5 4oI 0 6 0 . 00 5 8 . 5o - - See footnotes at end of table. 24 21 28 18 .... 10 48 9------39 1 - C l e r k s , p a y r o l l --------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------- D u p lic a tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (M im e o g r a p h o r D i t t o ) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - 10 — 5------5 _ 4 9 11 7 4 17 22 " _ 2 8 7 2 3 22 2 2 6 6 5 5 — “ T 5 -----7 1 " 6 4 - - - -6 2 " ■ _ - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - “ _ - 3 3 1 1 “ “ _ - _ - - - 2 2 - - “ - 4 4 - - _ - - 1 1 " - 3 " - - " - - - - - - - - - “ “ - - - " - ■ 5 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, M a s s ., June 19 6l) Avbbagb Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly 4 0 .0 0 earnings , (Standard)1 (Standard)1 4 5 . 00 Weekly $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 85. 00 $ 9 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 ~ 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 . 00 1 0 5 . 00 - 2 2 - - " $ $ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ 1 0 5 . 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 “ “ “ n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 1 3 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 60. 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 11 3 8 14 6 8 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - " - - " - - - - - 5 5 . - Women— Continued Keypunch operators --------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 1 88 82 106 38. 5 40. 0 37. 5 $ 6 0 . 50 6 6 . 50 5 6 . 00 1 1 30 30 29 5 24 39 22 17 50 32 18 Office girls ----------------------------------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------------------- 54 28 38. 5 40. 0 5 3 . 00 $ 5 . 00 - 12 1 21 13 16 13 4 " Secretaries ---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 407 307 100 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 8 .0 8 4 . 00 8 6 . 00 7 8 . 00 - - 5 2 - " 7 5 2 24 l'3 11 37 21 16 44 30 14 52 41 11 41 32 9 36 30 6 68 50 18 29 26 3 23 18 5 16 15 1 10 9 1 10 10 3 - - - Stenographers, ge n e r a l-------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 283 205 78 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 6 9 . 00 7 1 . 50 6 3 . 50 - 3 3 12 7 5 60 26 34 49 42 7 32 24 8 53 40 13 21 20 1 27 17 10 2 2 - 17 17 - 5 5 2 2 _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - Switchboard operators----------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 65 ' 3i 34 3 9 .0 40. 0 3 8 .0 6 6 . 00 7 1 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 5 5 5 5 5 1 4 6 4 2 7 4 3 8 4 4 11 s 6 9 7 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 . - _ - . - _ - _ - - “ - - - - - Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists----------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 111 82 29 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .0 6 2 . 50 6 3 . 00 6 2 . 00 - 10 10 46 31 15 3 3 - 2 2 - - - - - - 7 6 1 2 2 ' 19 13 6 11 11 - 3 1 2 “ - - " - - - " - Tabulating-machine operators, class B — Manufacturing ------------------------------------------- 48 37 39. 5 40. 0 7 7 . 50 7 9 . 50 - - - _ 7 6 10 10 4 4 1 1 _ _ - . - 4 4 _ 2 15 8 - - 3 2 - - - - - Transcribing-m achine operators, general M anufacturing------------------------------------------- 106 55 38. 0 40. 0 6 4 . 50 6 8 . 50 5 7 19 12 10 5 15 12 1 1 2 2 - - - - _ - - - 24 16 - - 23 7 - - - - - Typists, class A ------------------------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------------- 158 1 00 58 39. 0 40. 0 38. 0 6 6 . 00 6 7 . 00 6 4 . 50 _ - 6 6 11 5 6 30 19 11 45 31 14 26 18 8 14 8 6 7 6 1 3 3 5 4 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - - 6 6 _ - - 1 1 - - - - Typists, class B -------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 297 22 5 72 39. 5 40. 0 37. 5 5 6 . 50 5 7 . do 5 4 . 00 4 4 42 27 15 78 43 35 105 93 12 37 36 1 28 19 9 1 1 - 1 1 " - 1 1 _ - - - - - - - - _ - " 8 ------ 6— 2 4 " 5 9 9 - 1 1 - - - - - - - " 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Includes 15 workers at $130 to $135; 1 at $135 to $140; 3 at $140 and over. 3 A ll workers were at $35 to $4 0. 4 1 worker was at $35 to $4 0. - - - " - - - - - _ - 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, M ass. , June 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGH T-TIM E WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Number Weekly Weekly (Standard) (Standard) S S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ 5 S $ $ S $ 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 and " and 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 over Draftsm en, leader ----------Manufacturing __________ 51 51 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 47 .5 0 147. 50 D raftsm en, s e n io r ________ Manufacturing ---------------- 321 316 40. 0 40. 0 120. 00 120. 00 _ - _ _ - - - - D raftsm en, junior -----------Manufacturing __________ 302 295 40. 0 40. 0 87. 00 87. 00 4 4 12 12 21 21 37 35 62 57 40. 0 40. 0 88. 50 68. 50 4 4 16 l6 N u rses, industrial (r e g iste r e d )__ Manufacturing ___________________ . 4 4 - - 4 4 - 11 11 1 1 4 4 14 14 2 2 2 2 , 9 “9 40 40 45 45 23 23 31 31 18 18 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 4 3 16 16 30 29 18 15 38 38 49 49 41 40 50 50 51 51 30 26 47 47 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 9 7 7 5 5 8 6 6 6 1 4 4 ! 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 W orkers were distributed as follow s: 3 at $ 165 to $ 170; 1 at $ 175 to $ 180; 5 at $ 180 to $ 185. _ Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, M a s s ., June 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division C arpenters, maintenance __ ------Manufacturing _ „ ------- ------- of workers — __ __ — __ ------- — E lectrician s, maintenance ----- __ ------------------M anufacturing_________________________________ 114 107 214 205 hourly , earnings1 $ 2 .4 9 2 .4 5 2 . 82 2. 83 $ $ $ $ $ $ , 1. 70 1 . 80 Under 1 . 60 1 . 90 2 . and $ under 1 . 60 2 . 00 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . - - _ _ _ - “ ~ 1 2 10 2 . 2 0 - 5 5 1 _ 1 - 1 $ . 0 0 1 0 4 4 2 . 2 0 2. 30 29 29 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 2 .4 0 2 . 50 18 18 4 4 17 17 14 13 24 23 15 15 5 3 3 _ . 60 2 $ , $ . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 $ 2 2. 70 i 2 .8 0 !1 12 - 5 4 ! j 2 2 6 - 2 . 49 48 Firem en, stationary boiler ------------------------------M anufacturing------ ------- __ __ _____________ 108 99 H elpers, trades, m ain te n an ce__ ________ Manufacturing _ ------ --- ----------------------- 2. 64 2. 64 2. 30 . 28 2 __ — 89 65 M achine-tool operators, to o lr o o m ------------------Manufacturing _ __ _____ _____ __ __ __ __ 123 123 2 . 39 2 .3 9 Machinists, maintenance _______________________ M anufacturing------ ------------- __ ------------------- 219 217 2 96 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance)_________ Manufacturing _ _____ _______________ — Nonmanufacturing -------------- „ __ __ __ — Public utilities 2 ------- __ ________________ 75 69 M echanics, maintenance _____ ______ — ______ Manufacturing _ __ __ ------- __ __ -------- — 216 206 2 1 “ 3 3 _ _ 2 .4 5 2. 63 . 39 2 .4 0 _ - . 4 4 5 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 _ _ - - 4 4 7 7 1 1 1 1 7 7 _ _ _ _ - - - - 1 1 _ 4 1 - 4 - _ 29 - 93 91 2. 75 2. 76 234 234 2. 67 2. 67 _ 1 1 2 4 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 2 2 _ - - - _ _ _ _ “ ~ 5 5 _ - _ _ _ _ holidays, 1 1 16 _ _ 1 -13 13 5 5 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 16 16 5 5 " _ P ipefitters, maintenance __ __ __ _____________ Manufacturing ----------------------- __ ------- — 5 5 _ ■ 2. 57 2. 54 33 5 5 _ ~ 1 1 1 Painters, maintenance _ _____ __ ________ ____ Manufacturing _ __ ------------- __ ------- __ — 5 5 1 - _ - - U 2 _ - _ 70 2 - 6 8 2 . 6 8 2 2 _ . 29 2 .2 8 O i l e r s __ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______ __ ____________ __ Manufacturing ____ __________ __ -------------- ---------------------------------- — _ _ 2 _ 4 4 _ 41 39 Tool and die m akers Manufacturing 1 1 . 79 2 .7 9 2 _ - . 59 . 59 --------__ __ M illwrights __ __ __ __ ------------Manufacturing _ ________ __ __ ------- . 02 1. 97 2 _ 4 4 and late shifts. 16 9 9 9 5 5 _ - 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 25 18 2 14 14 16 16 31 31 4 4 24 24 12 12 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 16 16 . 90 $ 3. 00 3. 00 3. 10 2 9 0 1 14 1 12 48 44 _ 4 4 5 5 _ _ _ 3. 50 38 38 _ _ 3 .4 0 3 3 _ - 3. 30 $ $ 3. 30 3 .4 0 4 - 7 7 _ 3 .2 0 - 9 9 - 3 .2 0 $ - 3 3 31 24 3. 10 - 16 16 ! $ 3 3 34 34 12 E ngineers, stationary _____ __ __ __ _____ __ Manufacturing _ ------------- __ ------------- --------- $ - 6 2 6 2 . _ _ _ _ ' “ " ' 1 _ _ - 13 13 _ 1 - 3 4 4 17 3 14 14 5 1 12 12 4 4 16 3 13 12 30 29 _ _ 17 17 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 - 7 2 2 5 5 48 48 5 4 _ _ - _ “ . ' - 45 45 " 2 2 _ - _ “ . . _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 2 “ 4 4 46 46 48 42 7 7 1 _ _ 9 7 - 14 13 15 15 13 13 23 23 4 4 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 19 18 1 1 5 5 9 9 13 13 4 . _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 1 3 _ _ 1 7 7 1 1 1 ■ ■ 7 7 _ _ _ _ . _ 1 _ 1 . - 5 5 5 5 11 11 1 12 12 1 6 30 30 2 4 _ 1 _ 2 3 “ - ~ 2 6 2 5 3 3 9 9 42 42 15 15 6 1 1 1 8 10 8 7 7 39 39 34 34 43 43 1 1 49 49 - 1 - - - “ 14 14 11 11 _ 8 Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., June 1 961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ Occupation 1 and industry division of workers earnings * Elevator operators, passenger (m en )------------------------------------------------------- 18 Elevator operators, passenger (w om en)-------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------------- 148 2 . 10 2. 13 Guards -----------------------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------Janitors, p orters, and cleaners (men) -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------c 1 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 and under 1 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 1 .3 0 . 2 0 - 29 1 . 2 1 - 2 8 1. 19 $1 665 510 155 30 1. 72 1 .7 8 1.5 3 2 . 0 0 106 59 47 1 . 6 6 $ $ 1 . 0 0 2 1 j - 1 - - 5 “ 40 1 0 30 $ $ $ $ $ 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 . 9 1 .4 0 1 .6 0 4 - 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 $ $ 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 46 19 27 1 .5 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 1 - 1 1 - - - - 2 2 - “ 1 2 50 37 13 1 .7 0 52 52 41 29 1 2 6 8 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 s 2 . 1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 33 29 2 25 25 - 2 $ 2 . 50 $ $ $ 5 s $ $ $ $ 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3. 10 3 .2 0 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 and 2 . 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10 3 .2 0 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 over 2 . 6 0 1 42 42 7 5 34 24 72 56 1 0 1 6 3 144 137 ‘7 1 1 54 14 2 2 . 2 0 $ $ 2 . 30 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ $ 0 1 1 8 41 41 1 1 6 - 36 31 1 6 5 1 6 5 3 3 2 2 - 2 0 “ 2 0 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 - 2 1 - 2 - - - - - _ 6 Janitors, p orters, and cleaners Manufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing T ___________ ,___________J1;_ _ 570 --------------------------- 307 108 1 .9 5 1. 72 2 . 14 2. 48 Order fille rs ------------------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 123 67 2. 05 P ackers, shipping (m e n )----------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 184 170 P ackers, shipping (women) -----------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 167 167 Receiving clerks -----------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------- Manufacturing -----------------------------------Public utilities 3 27 1 .4 7 1 . 2 2 " 3 - 12 15 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 14 25 25 8 6 2 1 3 3 " 13 l3 50 27 23 48 28 35 28 7 1 3 ■ 2 2 1 2 2 6 1 2 2 6 4 4 75 75 2 0 ■ " - 6 6 - - 6 6 1 .2 9 1 .2 9 ■ 30 30 65 65 75 58 17 2 . 09 2. 14 1 .8 9 - - - Shipping clerks -------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 64 58 . 19 ". 2 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 2 - - “ 1 - " 1 1 Shipping and receiving clerks ------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 65 58 2. 05 2 . 04 . - - - - 5 5 Truckdrivers 4 ---------------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------Public utilities ^ 501 19? 304 213 2 . 15 2 .3 3 2. 51 - - 1 2 - - - - Truckdrivers, light (under 1 V 2 tons) -----------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------ 36 31 1 . 9 0 - - - 1 .9 6 8 1 . 9 8 2 2 2 . . 1 6 1 6 2 . 2 6 “ 8 41 41 1 27 27 2 - 6 6 - ' 7 12 3 2 0 4 27 13 18 17 5 5 25 25 37 36 5 5 1 0 - 1 - - 1 - - 8 - - - 8 - * 14 5 9 25 17 17 44 24 9 9 2 2 - 49 17 32 7 6 6 14 14 95 2 9 6 3 1 10 6 8 6 6 8 6 - - 6 1 0 17 _ 87 1 6 93 1 6 16 - 1 - 1 9 13 13 - 8 2 9 2 - - - 2 8 1 1 8 1 1 1 - - - 2 1 1 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 2 2 - 1 - 1 - - - - 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 - 17 17 - _ _ - - 6 39 39 13 1 - 12 6 - 6 - 7 7 9 2 2 5 8 17 5 1 5 - - 26 1 1 2 “ “ 2 2 _ 12 6 1 0 6 6 6 1 2 6 13 - 1 - 1 1____ See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le. 1 6 1 24 16 8 2 1 16 32 4 28 - 17 17 2 6 9 17 6 6 1 0 5 5 8 - 7 8 7 3 4 27 27 62 62 - - - 2 2 218 5' 213 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 7 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, M ass. , June 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers $ $ $ $ Average S hourly 2 1 .0 0 1. 10 1.2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 earnings and under 1. 10 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1.4 0 1 .5 0 $ $ $ $ $ 2 .0 0 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ S $ 1. 70 1. 80 1 .9 0 1 .6 0 1. 70 1. 80 1.9 0 2 .0 0 10 10 5 5 3 - 28 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 *2. 50 2 .6 0 s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5 , $ 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 and 2. 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3. 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 over Truckdriver s : 4 — Continued Truckdrivers, medium ( l l/s to and including 4 tons) ---------- ------------- — 89 Manufacturing ----- ------------------ — ------ T 7 — $ 2 .0 7 2. 01 - - - - 5 ----- 5“ 1 1 - 20 3 3 3 2 2 6 6 4 - - - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) ----------- __ „ ------- — 121 2 .4 4 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 4 13 45 58 Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer ty p e )-------------- — Manufacturing ---------- ------- --------- 161 37 2. 38 2 .4 5 - - - - - - - " 10 10 11 11 108 5 - - 4 4 - - 10 1 - - 12 " - " Tru ckers, power (forklift) ______________ Manufacturing -------------------------------------- 115 107 2. 27 2 .2 8 15 15 13 13 18 18 18 10 28 28 1 1 1 1 2 2 _ T ru ck ers, power (other than fo r k lift)__ Manufacturing ___________________ __ 48 48 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 7 7 4 4 2 2 22 22 - - 2 2 - Watchmen _ ------------ ------------- -------------Manufacturing __________ __ __ _____ 127 112 1. 85 1. 87 35 33 24 24 24 18 1 1 _ 2 2 8 2 - 1 1 12 12 _ - 10 10 3 3 7 6 1______ 1 2 3 4 5 Data lim ited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. A ll w orkers were at $ 3 .5 0 to $ 3 .6 0 . and late shifts. - - - - - - 2 2 - - 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - 16 16 _ - - - _ _ _ - - 2 2 - 2 2 - - - - 1 1 6 56 11 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E B IL L E R , M A C H IN E Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: B ille r , m achine (h illin g m ach in e) — Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry ot necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r , m achine (b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform an<j standard types o f sales and credit slip s. B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C la s s A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C la s s B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G C la s s A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 12 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G — -C ontinued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple co st accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o f f i c e s in which the more routine accountingwork is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COM PTOM ETER O P E R A TO R Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. C L E R K , F IL E C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow in g: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H O R D IT T O ) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. O F F IC E B O Y O R G IR L Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 13 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, G EN ERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu de tran scribing-m ach in e work (see transcribing-machine operator). ST E N O G R A P H E R , T E C H N IC A L Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu d e tran scribing-m ach in e w ork . SW IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SW IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R C la s s A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o e s not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C la s s B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. C la s s C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R , G E N E R A L Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 14 T Y P IS T T Y P I S T — -Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing p rocesses. May do clerical work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la s s A — Performs one o r more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. C la s s B — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p olicies, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E S S IO N A L A N D T E C H N IC A L D R A F T S M A N , JU N IO R (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSM AN, LE A D E R Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. D R A F T S M A N , S E N IO R — Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. N U R S E , IN D U S T R IA L (R E G IS T E R E D ) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bina tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. D R A F T S M A N , S E N IO R TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a co m bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 15 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLANT C A R P E N T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E F IR E M A N , S T A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. E L E C T R I C I A N , M A IN T E N A N C E Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician 's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. E N G IN E E R , S T A T IO N A R Y Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, m otors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . H E L P E R , T R A D E S , M A IN T E N A N C E A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is oermitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , T O O L R O O M Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items reouiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety or pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . M A C H IN IST , M A IN T E N A N C E Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 16 M A C H IN IST , M A IN T E N A N C E — C ontinued M ILLW R IG H T— C ontinued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M A IN T E N A N C E ) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. M E C H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and in sta lls machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O IL E R Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. P A IN T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe ro hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded . 17 T O O L A N D D IE M AK ER P L U M B E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K ER , M A IN T E N A N C E Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. C U S T O D I A L A N D M (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , PASSENGER J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R — Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In clu d es g a te men who are sta tio n e d at g a te and ch e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D L IN G oth er p erson s en terin g . J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 18 L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D L IN G — ’Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L on g sh orem en , w h o load and unload s h ip s are e x c lu d e d . SH IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: R e c e iv i n g clerk Shipping clerk S hipping and r e c e iv in g clerk ORDER F IL L E R T R U C K D R IV E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv e r-s a le s m e n and o ve r-th e -ro a d d r iv e rs a re e x c lu d e d . P A C K E R , S H IP P IN G Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and m ay in v o lv e on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s or cra tes are e x c lu d e d . SH IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work i n v o l v e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records o f the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. M3y direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv in g work i n v o l v e s : Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) T r u c k d r iv e r (co m b in a tio n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a ra te ly ) T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t (u n d e r l l/2 to n s ) Truckdriver , medium (1% to and in clu din g 4 to n s ) Truckdriver , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , trailer t y p e ) Truckdriver , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , o th er than trailer ty p e ) TR U C K E R , POW ER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or elec trie-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, p o w e r ( fork lift) Trucker , p o w e r (o th er than fo rk lift) W ATCH M AN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ■fr U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 9 6 1 O — 602550
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