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Occupational Wage Survey WATERLOO, IOWA NOVEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-20 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT A rthur OF LABOR J. G o l d b e r g , S e c r e t o r y BUREAU O F L A B O R S T A T I STI CS Ewan Cl a gu e , C o m m i s s i o n e r Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Occupational Wage Survey WATERLOO, IOWA NOVEM BER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-20 January 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR A r t h u r J. G o l d b e r g , S e c r e t a r y BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTI CS Ewan Clague, C ommi ss ioner For solo by iho Suporintondont of Documents, U.S. Govommont Printing Offico, W ashington 25, D.C. - P rko 2 0 conts Contents Preface Page The C om m u n ity W age S u rvey P r o g r a m The B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a r e a w id e w age su r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o rta n t in d u str ia l c e n t e r s . The stu d ies, m a de fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in ea ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stud ied. T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin su m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r ’ s su r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r r e n t roun d o f s u r v e y s . In trod u ction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y __________ 2 A: O ccu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffic e o c cu p a tio n s -----------------------------------------------------A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s __________________ A - 3. M a in ten an ce and p o w e rp la n t o c cu p a tio n s _______________ A - 4. C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s _________ 4 5 5 6 I ’a b le s : B: This r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ica g o, 111. , by W o o d ro w C. Linn, u nder the d ir e c t io n o f G e o rg e E. V otava, A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c to r fo r W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v i s io n s :* B -l. Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ------------------------------------------------------B -2 , M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s ____________________________________________________ B -3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h ou rs __________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s ______________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s _____________________________________ B -6 . H ealth, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n p l a n s ______________________ A p p en dix: O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s ___________________________________ * N O TE : S im ila r ta b u la tion s fo r th e se and oth er ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the r e p o r t s fo r s u r v e y s in oth er m a jo r areas. A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. 7 8 8 9 10 12 13 Occupational W age Survey—Waterloo, Iowa Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u str ia l c e n te r s in w hich the U. S. D ep a rtm en t o f L ab or*s B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistic s has con d u cted s u r v e y s o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d w age b en efits on an a re a w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e r e obtain ed b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g o v e rn m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th ey fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t e m p loy m en t in the o c cu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r ran t in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , se p a r a te ta bu la tion s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a ch o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h e se s u r v e y s a r e con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rv e y in g al] e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stud ied. In com b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv en th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a se d on the e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , th e r e fo r e , as r e latin g to a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a , e x cep t f o r th o se b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied. O ccu p a tion s and E arn in gs The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tion a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a ccou n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See ap pendix f o r lis tin g o f th e se d e s c r ip t i o n s .) E a rn in gs data a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p es o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in te n an ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m ov e m e n t. la te s h ifts. N on p rod u ction b on u ses a r e ex clu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in ce n tiv e ea rn in g s a r e in clu d ed . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a r e r e p o rte d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sch e d u le s (rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w hich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a re pa id ; a v e ra g e w eek ly earn in g s f o r th ese o ccu p a tio n s have b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e ra g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en a re p r e s e n te d s e p a r a te ly f o r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s in w hich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly em p loy ed . D iffe r e n c e s in p a y le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese o ccu p a tio n s a re la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u strie s and e sta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific du ties p e r fo r m e d , although the occu p a tio n s a r e a p p ro p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d within the sa m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a r e ad ju sted on this b a s is . L o n g e r a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h igh er a v e r a g e pay when both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ran ge. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese su r v e y s a re u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in dividu al e sta b lish m en ts to a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the tota l in a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b er a c tu a lly su r v e y e d . B e c a u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts, the e stim a te s o f o ccu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tion a l s tru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in gs data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p lem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form a tion is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b en efits as they r e O ccu p a tion a l em p lo y m e n t and e a rn in g s data a r e show n f o r la te to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this bu lletin , in clu d e s w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y f u ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th o se h ir e d to w ork a r e g u la r w eek ly s c h e d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c le r i c a l o r re la te d fu n ction s, and e x clu d e s a d m in u le in the g iv en o c cu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data ex clu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and is tr a tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o rk e r s (in clu din g le a d m en and tr a in e e s ) en gaged in n o n o ffic e fu n ction s. A d m in is tra tiv e , 1 R a ilr o a d s , fo r m e r l y e x clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th ese stu d ie s, e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as a se p a r a te w ork f o r c e a r e e x clu d ed . w e re in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s stu d ied s in c e Ju ly 1959, e x ce p t C a fe te r ia w o rk e r s and rou tem en a re e x clu d e d in m an u factu rin g in d u s B a ltim o r e , B u ffa lo, C levela n d , and S ea ttle. R a ilr o a d s a r e now in t r ie s , but a r e in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u str ie s . clu d ed in the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r -m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s . 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in W aterloo, Iowa, 1 by m ajor industry division, 2 November I960 Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll divisions ________________ ___________ _____ _______ Manufacturing __________________ — — — ---------Nonmanufacturing _____ __ ---------_ — ------------Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s 5 ______ _____ ____ __ __ — --------Wholesale trade --------- — — --------____ __ — — ------- ----- _ ------Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate _____ _______ S e rv ice s7 __ -------------- ------- __ ------- __ _ 1 _ Number of establishments Within scope of study 3 50 57 50 50 29 28 50 50 50 50 50 8 2 11 4 3 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied 44 2 22 2 8 2 8 2 2 Total 4 Office Plant Total 4 23, 170 2, 500 17 ,8 0 0 22 ,2 5 0 , 800 700 15, 800 , 000 19,600 3, 570 1, 730 240 , 200 1200 200 1 300 (!) ( ) (*) ( 6) 2 900 ( ') ( ) ( 6) ( 6) 1 9,090 3, 160 1, 730 240 9 6 0 1 1 0 120 The Waterloo Standard Metropolitan Statistical A rea (Black Hawk County). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The. estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of com parison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manu facturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all toprovide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was notdesigned initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural service s. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . This in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f tota l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o rk e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su rv e y . In e sta b lish m en ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity w as u se d o r , if no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n " o t h e r " w as u sed . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w hich so m e la t e sh ift h ou rs a r e p a id at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly if it a p p lied to a m a jo r it y o f the sh ift h o u r s. M in im u m en tra n ce ra tes (ta ble B -2 ) re la te on ly to the e s t a b lish m en ts v is ite d . T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d on an e sta b lis h m e n t, ra th er than on an e m p loy m en t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and health, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans a re tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a re e lig ib le o r m a y even tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch ed u led h ou rs a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r ity a re c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f roun din g, su m s o f in dividu al item s in th ese tabu lation s m a y not equ al to ta ls . The f ir s t p a rt o f the pa id h olid a ys ta ble p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a ctu a lly p r o v id e d . The s e c o n d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h olid a ys to sh ow total h olid a y t im e . D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h ealth, in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n plan s fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , ex ce p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such p la n s in clu d e th ose u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su r a n ce com p a n y and th o se p r o v id e d th rou gh a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly by the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t op era tin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n ce . S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ra n ce u n der w hich p r e d e te r m in e d c a sh pa ym en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly to the in su r e d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is du rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch plans to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n trib u te s. H o w e v e r, in N ew Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich have en a cted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in su r a n ce law s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plans a r e in clu d ed on ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ire d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b en e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ire m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f p a id s i c k -le a v e p la n s a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l plan s 5 w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's pa y du rin g a b s e n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep a ra te tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pa y and no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) plans p r o v id in g e ith e r p a rtia l pay o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In a d d ition to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n du plica ted tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e fits . The su m m a r y o f v a ca tion plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m en ts, ex clu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h e re b y tim e o ff with pa y is gra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e s tim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com pu tin g v a c a tio n p a y m en ts, su ch as tim e p a y m e n ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H ow ev er, in the tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a ym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e rte d ; f o r e x a m p le , a pa ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the equ iv alen t o f 1 w e e k 's pay. C a ta strop h e in su r a n ce , s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as ex ten ded m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d es th o se plans w h ich a re d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in v olv in g e x p e n s e s bey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l pa ym en t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s . Such plan s m a y be u n d erw ritten b y c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce co m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p e n sio n plan s a r e lim ite d to th ose p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly pa ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 An e sta b lish m en t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a p o lic y if it m et e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s: (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts. 3 S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s (fir s t s e c tio n o f ta ble B -3 ) in su r v e y s m a de p r io r to Ju ly 1957 w e re p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s with the in d ica ted w eek ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 4 The te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y law s in C a lifo r n ia and R hode Islan d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s . 5 A n e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h aving a fo r m a l plan if it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f days o f s ic k le a v e that cou ld be e x p e cte d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a pla n n eed not b e w ritten , but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , w e re e x clu d e d . A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-l. Office Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Waterloo, Iowa, November I960) Aysbagk S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) Weekly earnings 1 (Standard) N U M B E R OF W O RK ER S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A RN IN G S OF— *40. 0 0 *45. 00 *50. 00 *55. 0 0 *60. 00 *65. 00 *70. 00 *7 5 . 0 0 *80. 00 *85. 0 0 *90. 0 0 * 9 5 .0 0 fo o .o o ? 0 5 .0 0 fio .o o ? 1 5 .0 0 ? 2 0 .0 0 ? 2 5 .0 0 50 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and over _ _ 1 1 _ _ 1 28 " 1 3 3 5 “ 3 3 4 _ 1 1 1 " 5 8 _ _ _ and under 4 5 .0 0 M en 28 25 40. 0 4 0 .0 $ 1 1 5 .5 0 1 1 9 .5 0 _ _ . . ~ ■ " ■ 21 40. 5 7 9 .0 0 _ _ 1 _ 16 40. 0 8 1 .5 0 “ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B 22 40. 0 5 2 .0 0 2 C l e r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ 21 17 40. 0 4 0 .0 9 9 .0 0 1 0 1 .0 0 C l e r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g --------- ---------------------------------------------- 4 W om en B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A -------_ _________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ___ _ ___ __ — C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _ _ — — — — M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ — _ -------- — N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 _ — C le rk s , file , cla s s B — C l e r k s , p a y r o ll M a n u fa ctu r in g — S e c r e t a r ie s M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — -------------,__ _ S ten ogra p h ers, gen era l N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ __ S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s _ _ _ _ _ 79 45 34 20 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 6 5 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 6 4 .0 0 1 2 3 4 — — _ _ 1 _ _ _ 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 ' 9 11 3 9 2 1 10 3 1 1 1 1 - 40. 5 138 40. 0 7 7 .0 0 _ 26 40. 0 6 9 .0 0 " 17 42. 0 6 1 .0 0 47 1 . ! ! - " 4 3 1 3 4 2 _ 6 3 _ 6 7 .5 0 &9T5T) _ 9 5 ” 40. 0 40. 0 4 4 4 “ 4 3 . 70 60 T y p is t s , fcla ss B M a n u fa ctu r in g . “ 6 1 9 3 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 1 2 16 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 2 2 10 96 81 15 _ 4 1 8 6 0 .0 0 27 25 _ . 2 2 5 4 8 4 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 T y p is t s , c l a s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g _ " 5 3 3 40. 0 6 4 .0 0 _ . - ~ 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 _ " 10 35 17 - 4 33 28 T r a n s c r ib in g - m a e h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l _ 1 2 2 ----- 2 — 5 2 8 2 6 " _ . . . . - - - " " " " " " ' _ . . . . . . 2 4 2 1 4 ----- 2 ----- l - ~ 6 ~ 2 1 3 3 4 4 8 8 8 7 “ 2 3 ----- 3 ----- ----- 2 — 2 2 ----- 2 ----- 2 2 12 10 2 ----- 2 ----- 4 6 4 5 5 2 16 2 10 10 1 7 4 3 7 2 1 1 “ 1 ~ " “ 29 26 15 _ _ _ _ . _ . 1 7 “ “ ■ - ■ - 18 " 16 12 18 “ 1 1 1 2 _ _ 4 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ . 8 4 _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 6 4 1 1 3 3 - 4 4 7 5 5 - 1 1 - - - - - 4 12 9 8 - - - - _ _ _ _ 8 12 12 - 4 10 10 1 _ 12 1 2 ----- 7 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Workers were distributed as follows: 5 at $130 to $135; 3 at $135 and over. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes 4 workers at $30 to $35. 1 - 1 _ _ ----- 3— 3 ----- 3— - 4 1 ■ 2 ----- 2 — 1 1 2 2 ----- 6— _ 2 - 3 4 _ 4 - 2 2 4 _ . 7 7 4 7 _ 2 2 5 4 7 “ - 9 5 ~ 1 1 3 1 . - 2 ----- 2 ----- 2 . ' 3 7 2 1 . ' 4 5 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , W a t e r lo o , Io w a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) Avbbage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n Number of workers Weekly. hours (Standard) NUM B ER OF W O RK ER S R E CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY E A RN ING S OF— $ 55. 00 and u n d er 6 0 . 00 Weekly , earnings 1 (Standard) $ 6 0. 00 $ 6 5. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 3 80. 00 $ 8 5. 00 $ 90. 00 $ “ ~ " “ 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 " 8 5 . 00 " 90. 00 " 95. 00 " 1 0 0 .0 0 2 2 1 95. 00 M en D r a ft s m e n , j u n i o r __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ________ — ____ __ ____ __ _____ _ — _____ 24 20 40. 0 40. 0 . 1 1 $ 7 7 . 00 77. 50 2 2 5 3 4 2 7 7 2 2 1 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d i v is i o n , W a t e r lo o , I o w a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e ________________________ E n g i n e e r s , s t a tio n a r y __ _____ F i r e m e n , s t a tio n a r y b o ile r _ _____ __ ______ ___ M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ __ __ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in te n a n c e __ ___ _ __________ _ __ _____ __ __ _ 24 $ 2 . 73 31 2. 77 ______ $ U n d er $ 1. 90 2 $ $ 1. 90 and u n d er 2. 00 ! 2. 00 - $ 2. 10 - 2. 10 _ 2. 20 1 2. 55 1 2 1 2. 2. 2. 2. 65 74 51 54 _ . _ - - - - " - 6 1 5 5 151 149 2 . 86 2 . 86 _ _ _ - - 50 2. 76 _ - 26 M e c h a n i c s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) _ ____ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ _ _____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _ __ ___ ____ ___ Average hourly , earnings1 59 36 23 20 _ 2. 30 1 $ 2. 30 - $ $ 2 .4 0 - 2 .4 0 2. 50 - 2. 50 $ , 2. 60 - 2. 60 1 3 2 _ _ _ „ 4 4 2 . $ $ 2. 70 - 2. 70 2 11 2. 80 - 2. 80 $ $ 2. 90 - 2. 90 $ 3 . 00 - 3 . 00 3. 10 - 3 . 10 3. 20 $ 3 . 20 3 . 30 7 1 9 4 5 2 7 6 _ 6 . _ . . . „ - 1 13 11 2 2 4 3 1 1 15 15 - - - - 13 1 12 12 . " - - " 10 10 10 10 26 26 2 25 24 15 15 2 ------ 5-------- 8 8 2 40 40 _ _ 1 16 9 _ 22 _ _ _ 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - - - " 7 _ 6 7 - 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 2 . 20 1 6 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , W a t e r l o o , Io w a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) N U M B E R OF W O RK ER S RECE IVIN G S T R A IG H T-TIM E H OUR LY E A RN IN G S OF— O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n 1 of ■workers hourly , earnings U n der $ 1. 20 $ 1. 20 and u n d er 1. 30 $ 1. 30 - $ 1 .4 0 1 1 - 1. 70 $ 1. 80 - 1. 80 7 6 1 4 3 1 ” “ 6 636 592 44 2. 22 2. 25 1. 90 10 10 4 18 15 2 .4 0 2 .4 4 _ _ _ ” " " 30 29 2 .4 8 2 .4 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ " “ _ 1 1 _ " “ " 93 53 40 24 2 .4 3 2. 54 2. 30 2. 61 . 2 2 “ _ _ _ _ “ 1 1 ■ " - 30 2. 67 - - - - - - 81 78 2. 23 2. 21 2 2 __ ___ _ - 3 3 4 S h ippin g c l e r k s __ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ __ _ ___________ _ __ ____ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _____ _____ __ ________ T r u c k d r iv e r s __________ _____ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ____ ____ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ __ ____ __ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 __ __ __ ____ T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m ( l 1^ to and in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) _ _ __ W a tch m e n ____ M a n u fa ctu r in g 1 2 3 4 __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ _ ___ __ _ $ 2. 10 - ” _ _ 16 16 _ ” 315 315 4 4 1 6 6 _ _ 9 9 _ - 4 3 2 1 30 24 6 55 53 2 59 56 3 j _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ ~ 5 5 " " 131 123 8 2 .4 0 2. 50 - 2 .6 0 _ _ _ . _ " “ “ ■ " ! 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 “ 2 2 - ~ 7 4 3 2 - - - 1 - 2 - 3 3 5 5 1 1 7 7 37 37 - 2. 90 - 7 7 " - 2. 80 " 1 1 _ 2. 80 - 4 3 2 2 " 2 .7 0 $ ~ 4 3 13 1 12 - " “ 1 1 ” 2. 70 - ‘ 2 2 $ - ‘ _ 2 .6 0 “ - ' 1 1 $ - - _ ' * - “ _ $ 2. 50 ~ _ ‘ - 85 85 _ _ 2 .4 0 3 1 2 2 " 2. 30 $ 9 4 5 5 _ - - 5 4 1 1 ~ - $ 2. 30 - 2. 20 _ - 6 5 $ 2. 20 2. 10 6 4 2 1 D ata lim it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , and la te s h ift s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . I n clu d e s a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s i z e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . 2. 00 4 1 3 1 ~ R e c e iv in g c l e r k s M a n u fa ctu r in g $ - 2. 00 6 3 _ 1 .9 0 1 .9 0 1 .8 4 1. 98 “ $ - 31 27 _ 2 2 1. 70 J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ____ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ---------- _ 1 1 .6 0 $ 5 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ _ _ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _ ____ " - $ 2 .0 1 2. 14 1. 58 1 .8 4 1 " 1. 60 141 110 31 16 - - 1. 50 $ J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ __ _ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------- 5 6 1 5 1. 50 - - 1 .4 0 $ - _ _ - - - 9 “ “ 1 _ _ ” “ 9 1 15 14 _ 1 33 28 5 5 17 17 17 _ - 14 14 - 1 5 7 - 14 18 18 3 1 B : Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s b y t y p e a n d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l , W a te r lo o , Iow a , N o v e m b e r I9 6 0 ) P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s — In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h i ft w ork T ota l __ ____ _ _ _ 9 7. 5 W ith s h i f t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l __ U n ifo r m c e n t s (p e r h o u r) _____ ___ __ __ _ ______________________________________ 5 cen ts cen ts ______ _ ______ __ __ 1 0 cen ts _____________________________________ 12 cen ts __________ __ __ _____ 13 c e n t s ___ ____ _________ __ 15 c e n t s _______________ __ _____ I 8 V 2 c e n t s ----------- _ ____ ___________ 8 U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e 5 p ercen t 7 p ercen t ___ _____ _____ ___________________________________ _________ __ __ __ __ N o s h i ft p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l T h ir d o r o th e r s h i ft w o r k ____ A c t u a lly w o rk in g o — 93.9 S e co n d s h ift 27. T h ir d o r o th e r s h i ft 0 6.4 97. 5 9 3 .9 27. 0 6 .4 96. 4 93. 3 26. 8 6 .4 6 . 1. 7. 33. 47. . . 8 6 - 7 0 5 7 9 .3 33. 0 _ 0 - 3. 6 47. 5 _ - - . 12. 12. . 1 1 . 0 - 8 _ 1 6 - 1 . 1 .6 . 2 1 . 1 _ . 2 .6 - 2 . 2 - _ - ___________ 1 I n c l u d e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e e v e n t h o u g h t h e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i f t s . s h ifts , and e s t a b lis h m e n t s w it h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s co v e rin g la t e s h ifts 8 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , W a t e r lo o , Iow a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p ists M a n u fa c t u r in g M in im u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1 A ll in d u s t r ie s O th er in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g M a n u fa c t u r in g B a se d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s A ll sc h e d u le s 40 A ll in d u s t r i e s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s •5 o f — 40 A ll sc h e d u le s 40 — 44 22 XXX 22 XXX 44 22 XXX 22 XXX - 13 9 9 4 4 32 18 18 14 10 --------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 5 0 ------- ----------- — __ ----- ---------$ 4 5 . 0 0 ----- ----------— ----------------- $ 4 7 . 50 ____________ _______ ___ $ 5 0 . 0 0 ----------- -------------- ----— $ 5 2 . 50 ____ ___ ___ - - $ 5 5 .0 0 _ _ — _ -------- — _ — — — - $ 5 7 . 5 0 ----- __ $ 6 0 . 0 0 __ _ ------$ 6 2 . 5 0 ----- — ----------- _ _ _ _ _ $ 6 5 . 00 ---------- ----------- ------$ 6 7 .5 0 — __ __ — — _ — ------- - - - - - - 5 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 - 1 2 1 - 2 6 1 1 1 3 _ 5 1 1 3 - 7 1 4 3 1 2 7 1 4 3 1 " 2 13 2 5 4 4 2 E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m ------------------------------E s t a b li s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2 XXX 2 XXX 5 2 XXX 3 XXX 27 11 XXX 16 XXX 7 2 XXX 5 XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s s t u d ie d - E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m U nder $ 4 0 . $ 4 0 .0 0 and $ 4 2 . 50 a n d $ 4 5 . 00 a n d $ 4 7 . 50 a n d $ 5 0. 00 a n d $ 5 2 . 50 a n d $ 5 5 . 00 a n d $ 5 7 .5 0 and $ 6 0 .0 0 and $ 6 2 . 50 a n d $ 6 5 .0 0 and 00 — under under under under under under under under under under under 1 L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r in g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . 2 R a te s a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m il a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n ot c o n s id e r e d . 3 H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r re p orted . a ll w ork w eek s c o m b in e d , - - - 2 - - and fo r - - - th e m o s t c o m m o n w ork w eek Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , W a te rlo o , Iow a, N o v e m b e r I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s All industries 1 M anufacturing Public utilities2 -------- 100 100 100 U n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------4 0 h o u r s ____________________________ — O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ----------------------------4 4 h o u r s ____________________________________________ O v e r 4 4 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s _ __ — _ 4 8 h o u r s -------- 1 _ _ 93 97 2 2 2 91 3 1 - A ll w o r k e r s 1 2 3 4 — — — ----- — - (4) 1 (4) 5 All industries3 100 (4) 96 100 Pu blic utilities 2 100 (4) 99 93 (4) - 1 1 1 - _ 2 5 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; an d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . M anufacturing 1 sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 9 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a i d h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , W a t e r l o o , I o w a , N o v e m b e r I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item All industries * A ll w o r k e r s ______ _________ ____ _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o l id a y s ______ __ _ __ _____ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s __ ___________ __ __ __ __ _ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 99 100 95 “ 1 - 5 16 13 1 52 32 1 (4 ) ■ N um ber o f days 6 h o l i d a y s ________________________________________ 6 7 8 9 9 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y _ __ _____ _______ h o l id a y s . _ _........ . h o l id a y s _ _____ ___ __ __ _ __ __ h o l id a y s _ _________ __ ____ _______ __ h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ___ ___ _ _ ___ 15 1 43 39 1 1 13 1 45 40 2 - 84 - - 11 9 1 54 35 2 - 84 - " ' T ota l h o lid a y tim e 5 9 V2 d a y s -------- ---------- _ _ -------- — — ----- _ 9 o r m o r e d a y s __ _ ----8 o r m o re days ___ ___ ____ ____ 7 o r m o re days __ _ _ __ __ 6 V2 o r m o r e d a y s _ ----- __ — — 6 o r m o re days __ __ ___ ______ _ _ _ 1 2 41 84 84 99 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in 4 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 5 A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f f u l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e and no h a lf d a y s , 6 fu ll d a y s and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll d a y s and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on . 2 42 87 88 100 84 84 100 1 33 85 86 99 84 84 95 2 37 91 91 100 e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . a d d i t io n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s P r o p o r t io n s w e r e th e n c u m u la te d . r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 7 d a y s i n c lu d e s th o se w it h 7 fu ll days 10 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v is i o n s , W a t e r lo o , Iow a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll w o rk e r s _ _ __ M eth od _ ----------- -------- All industries1 Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 98 2 - 100 99 (4) (4) 100 100 - 100 46 53 (4 ) 1 00 41 58 1 00 100 Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 o f paym ent W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a i d v a c a t i o n s ----_ — L e n g th -o f-tim e p aym en t ------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ___ F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t --------------------------------------O th er W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d v a c a t i o n s __ __ --------- (4) - 1 " - ~ A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5 A fte r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v i c e U nder 1 w eek 1 w eek _ _ — _ ----------- _ _ _ 46 - 2 43 3 48 - 39 51 49 49 51 89 11 99 1 99 1 100 8 3 89 7 - 5 24 71 89 1 10 97 3 31 5 64 - 9 47 44 7 52 42 29 5 66 (4 ) 99 (4) 99 1 (4) 48 46 5 45 51 4 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eeks — ----- _ _ _ - A fte r 2 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _ O ve r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s 2 w eeks — _ _ - 93 A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s 2 w eeks _ __ (4 ) 93 6 94 (4) 98 1 99 (4) (4 ) 57 2 40 _ - 53 2 45 100 - 6 - ----- 100 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____ — _ 2 w e e k s ____ O ver 2 and un d er 3 w eek s — _ __ — _ - 1 00 - - _ 100 “ A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w eek - ----------2 w e e k s ___________________________________________ O ver 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s 3 w eeks — S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . - - 100 - 11 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v is i o n s , W a te r lo o , Iow a , N o v e m b e r I96 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries1 A m o u n t off v o c a t i o n p a y 5— Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 C o n tin u e d A f te r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __ 2 w eeks _ O ver 2 and 3 w eeks O ver 3 and 4 w eeks — ----- -------_ _ ______ under 3 w eek s -------------- ----____ __ ___________ __ u n d e r 4 w e e k s _____________________ _______ ___ _ ___ (4) 6 3 90 1 _ _ 3 4 93 - 16 84 - - - - (4) 3 3 92 _ 1 _ 1 3 95 _ 1 2 5 93 - A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k __ ___________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ____________________________ _______ _ ___ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----3 w eeks __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 w eeks ----— --------- (4 ) 6 _ _ 3 16 - - - 83 10 97 - 53 32 (4) 3 1 92 3 _ 1 1 97 1 2 _ 64 34 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w eek _ __ ---------- — ------2 w eeks __ — __ — __ ___ O ver 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s __ __ __ __ _ 3 w eeks 4 w eeks O ver 4 w eeks _ — (4 ) 6 26 66 1 _ _ 3 21 76 16 _ 34 50 (4 ) 3 1 19 77 _ _ 1 1 16 81 2 _ 34 64 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 5 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s s e r v i c e i n c l u d e s c h a n g e s i n p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . N O T E : In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s to a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . o r fla t-s u m i n d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' p a y m e n ts, w ere co n v e r te d 12 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d i n e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s , W a t e r l o o , I o w a , N o v e m b e r I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit All industries * A ll w o r k e r s --------------------------- ------------------------------- 1 00 Manufacturing 100 Public utilities 2 1 00 All industries 3 1 00 Manufacturing 100 Public utilities 2 100 W o r k e r s i n e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------------- — A c c i d e n t a l d e a t h an d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ---------------------------- -------- 95 99 76 96 99 74 85 92 61 90 96 71 92 94 93 93 97 74 S ic k n e s s an d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ----------S ic k le a v e ( f u l l p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------- -------S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------- 46 54 48 90 97 42 49 44 59 4 2 28 3 - 18 2 1 30 H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e ------------------------ — S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e -------------------------------------- — M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e --------- ------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ------------------------ -------------N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s i o n p l a n ------- 89 89 79 46 82 2 98 98 92 40 88 1 82 82 50 42 50 95 95 87 5 86 2 98 98 93 2 70 70 36 56 64 91 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s i n a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y th e m in i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n a n in d iv i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . e s t a b lis h at le a s t 13 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (hilling machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 14 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—-Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerica l duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 15 SECRETARY TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp ecific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 16 TYPIST—-Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes* conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those - TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 17 M AINTENANCE D PO W E R PL A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 18 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo s e tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the m achinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machiue shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex-> perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 19 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool m aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U STO D IA L AND M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte-* nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering . JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 20 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING—-Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. , Longshoremen who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) % TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 O - 580806 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2$, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— B ull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285 Albuquerque, N . M ex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—E aston , P a .- N .J .— Bu ll. 1285Atlanta, G a .— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— B ull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T e x .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la .— Bu ll. 1285B o ise, Idaho— Bull. 1285Boston, M a ss.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Burlington, V t .— B u ll. 1285Canton, Ohio— B ull. 1285Charleston, W. V a .— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, T en n .—G a .— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bu ll. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—K y .— Bull. 1285* * C le v e la n d , Ohio— B u ll. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— B u ll. 1285D a lla s, T e x .— Bu ll. 1285-21 Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bu ll. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C o lo .— Bull. 1285Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, T e x .— B u ll. 1285-23 * Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1285Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-^ Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285- New Orleans, L a.— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 * * Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, Pa.— Bull. 1285Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285* * Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a.— Bull. 1285Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285* * St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285* San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285* * Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 * * Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 * * * Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J.— Bull. 1285Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a .— Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20 * * Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 * * Wilmington, D el.—N .J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * P rice , 20 ce n ts. * * P r ice , 25 ce n ts. * * * P r ice , 15 ce n ts.