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Hanover CoiaC£o MARao 1961 Occupational Wage Survey TRENTON, NEW JERSEY DECEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-25 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey TRENTON, NEW JERSEY DECEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-25 February 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the y e a r's surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. Tables: 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey_________ A: Occupational earnings: * A-l. Office occupations ______________________________ A-2. P rofessional and technical occupations_______ A-3. Maintenance and powerplant occupations ____ A-4. Custodial and material movement occupations_______ B: This report was prepared in the Bureau's regional office in New York, N . Y . , by Elliott A . Browar, under the direction of Frederick W. M ueller, A ssistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: * B -l. Shift differen tials________________________________________ B-2. Minimum entrance salaries for womenoffice w o rk e rs__________________________________________________ B-3. Scheduled weekly h o u rs_________________________________ B-4. Paid holidays ___________________________________________ B-5. Paid vacation s___________________________________________ B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans_________________ Appendix: Occupational description s_________________________________ * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations for these are available in the Trenton area report A directory indicating date of study and report, as well as of reports for other available upon request. and other items for March 1952. the price of this major areas, is Union sca les, indicative of prevailing pay levels in the Trenton area, are also available for seven selected building trades. 1 2 sO Introduction _____________________________________________________________ ^ The Community Wage Survey Program 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 •> / Occupational Wage Survey—Trenton, N. J. In trod u ction This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U. S. Department of L a b o r s Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation,1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. M ajor in dustry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to w ar rant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties p e r formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of se r v ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented also (in the B -se r ie s tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they r e late to office and plant workers. The term "o ffice workers, " as used Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory fu ll-tim e workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant w orkers" in premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and clude working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction 1 Railroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these studies, employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing indus Baltim ore, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Seattle. Railroads are now in tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. cluded in the scope of all labor-m arket wage surveys. 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Trenton, N. J. , by major industry division,2 December I960 Industry division Minimum employment in establishments in scope of study Number of establishments Within scope of study 3 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Total4 Office Studied Plant Total4 All divisions _____________________________________ 50 170 76 42, 500 5,900 30, 200 29 Manufacturing ---- --------- ----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- -------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 ______________________________ Wholesale trade -----------------------------------------------Retail trade -----------------------------------------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate ---------------------Services7 -------------------------------------------------------- 50 50 111 59 48 28 32, 200 10, 300 3,900 2,000 23, 800 6, 400 22, 590 7, 230 50 50 50 50 50 9 7 18 8 17 8 2 7 4 7 4, 000 400 2, 800 1, 200 1, 900 700 (6) (6) (6) (6) 2, 700 (6) (6) (6) (6) , 820 3, 930 100 1, 370 870 960 1 The Trenton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Mercer County). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-mixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Shift differential data (table B - l ) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab lishment p o licy ,2 presented in terms of total plant worker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the c la s sification "o th er" was used. In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a m a jority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Scheduled hours are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority are covered. 3 Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations may not equal totals. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the num ber of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require e m ployer contributions,4 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) .plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. The summary of vacation plans is limited to form al arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-su m amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-in sured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. 3 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section of table B- 3) in surveys made prior to July 1957 were presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women workers. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-l. Office Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Trenton, N. J., December I960) AviRAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly j *40. 00 earnings and (Standard) u n d e r 4 5 . 00 * 4 5 .0 0 ^ 0 . 00 *55. 00 *60. 0 0 *65. 00 ^ 0 . 00 ^ 5 . 00 *80. 00 *85. 00 *90. 00 f o o . 00 O ui o o Weekly, hours (Standard) S s $ i 1 1 0 . 00 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 00 1 0 5 . 00 •o o o Number of S ex , o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 . 00 * 9 5 .0 0 and M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A _____________________________ ____ __ ___ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ 55 S3 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 4 .5 0 _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - * - 3 1 1 1 4 4 10 10 2 2 7 7 9 9 1 1 2 2 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B __________ ___ ___________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30 24 39. 5 39. 5 9 9 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 . 2 2 - - - 2 2 2 2 - 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 _ - - 1 1 C l e r k s , o r d e r __________________________________________ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------- 37 37 40. 5 40. 5 1 0 7 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 . - 4 4 _ - 7 7 O f f i c e b o y s _____________ _____ ____ __ __ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30 24 39. 0 39. 5 6 3 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 2 2 _______ _______ -------- ------ _ 26 22 40. 0 40. 0 1 1 4 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 - T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19 19 40. 0 40. 0 9 4 .0 0 9 4 ,0 0 T a b u la tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A M a n u f a c t u r i n g --- ---------- -------------- - - - - - - - * " 6 4 - - - - - - - - - - “ “ ” 2 2 3 --------3“ - _ - - - - - 5 5 211 11 - 8 8 2 2 - 6 6 4 4 3 ------3 10 10 1 1 . 6 _ 2 2 _ 1 1 1 1 5 5 _ _ . . - - - - - - - - ' - - - _ _ _ _ - - - 2 2 1 1 10 7 2 2 3 - 3 2 3 35 5 l 1 - 2 2 - _ 1 2 _ _ _ “ 2 2 10 --------6 ~ 1 1 6 6 -------- r ------ 2 — 4 — r ~ “ W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) , ---------------------------------- 27 38. 0 6 0 .0 0 Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine) —_ 22 37. 0 6 2 .5 0 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A -------------- 18 2 _ _ _ . _ _ 39. 5 7 9 .0 0 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B -------------48 Manufacturing _ — ---------------- — — — — --- 12 — 26 Nonmanufacturing ---- ---- — — — — — — — 39. 0 3 8 . 5" 39. 5 6 3 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 5 6 .5 0 Clerks, accounting, class A -------------- — --------Manufacturing ____ __ ___ __ 50 37 39. 0 39. 0 8 5 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 Clerks, accounting, class B -------- --- — — — — Manufacturing ____ — --- ----- ---------- - 229 96 37. 5 39. 5 6 5 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 T ~ Clerks, file, class A ------- ---------------- ----- --- 15 38. 0 5 9 .5 0 - 5 Clerks, file, class B ------ --- --- ----- ----- --Manufacturing ____________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ — __ __ — __ — __ --- 61 ----- 2 ? — 37 5 1 .0 0 38. 5 19 3 9 . 0 — S’T T O -------14 38. 5 4 7 .0 0 Clerks, order _______________________________ Manufacturing . _ ___ .. — 40 ----- 24— 40. 0 3 9 .5 6 7 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 Clerks, payroll — ___ __ Manufacturing ____ — . _ —- —- — Nonmanufacturing _ 111 85 26 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 9 .0 0 8 2 .0 0 6 9 .5 0 28 28 39. 5 3 9 .5 8 9 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 Comptometer operators .. — Manufacturing . . . See footnotes at end of table. —- — ... 7 ----- 3 ~ 4 - 8 - 9 1 _ _ 2 12 l _ 5 2 _ _ 7 5 2 2 _ _ _ _ 9 1 8 9 2 8 2 - _ 4 - 5 2 6 “ - 1 - 4 1 l 2 5 4 1 _ " 13 8 7 7 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ 8 2 . 8 8 4 3 3 3 2 2 - - _ - - _ - - _ _ - - - * _ 4 - ll 7 3 2 - . 1 - . - _ . - . - _ 4 4 1 1 3 r~ 24 1 ----- S“ ------T" _ _ _ - - - _ - “ " - - . - - - - . - 17 16 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 4 3 15 5 10 7 5 2 16 16 ~ 18 10 8 1 1 - 3 3 2 2 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 2 6 -------- 5“ — l l 11 - - - - 5 1 - 3 3 4 * 2 2 6 - . . _ 2 2 12 11 _ _ . _ . . 2 2 12 11 5 5 _ i 16 8 3 3 3 -------- 2 ~ -------- 3“ -------- T ~ 1 “ ~ _ i 80 4 12 16 -------- z ~ -------- T 10 12 _ _ " 47 12 6 _ _ _ . 4 ~ 12 _ _ i i ’ 4 13 9 - _ 5 2 7 7 1 ----- r~ _ - . " i i - - - 3 3 2 ------ 2 - 16 15 1 2 2 _ - 1 1 4 4 ~ _ _ - 9 9 1 1 - _ * _ - - - Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e ra g e s tr a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . T r e n t o n . N . J . » D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— I * $ i $ $ * $ s $ $ $ S 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55.00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 n o . oo 115. 00 120. 00 125. 00 and and under 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100. 00 105. 00 110.00 115. 00 120.00 125. 00 over * Weekly. hours (Standard) Weekly j earnings (Standard) * $ t S Women—Continued Keypunch operators _________________________ Manufacturing _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ 86 54 39. 0 $67.00 40. 0 76. 00 Office girls _ ____ __ __ __ __ _ 18 38. 0 54. 50 435 337 98 39. 0 39. 0 39. 0 88. 50 90. 50 82. 00 268 222 46 39.0 39. 5 38. 0 76. 00 79. 50 61. 00 - 28 39. 0 74. 00 - 57 16 41 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 61. 00 80. 50 53. 50 10 10 69 54 15 39. 5 39. 5 40.0 67. 50 69. 00 61. 50 Secretaries __ ____ Manufacturing . _ Nonmanufacturing_ .. _ __ _ _ __ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ Stenographers, general Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing________________________ Stenographers, technical Switchboard operators Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing . __ _ . _ __ . . . . . . . . 3 9 1 15 2 7 - i 8 6 *4 4 3 3 5 5 - 2 2 11 11 - 7 8 . ~ ~ 6 6 4 3 1 3 1 2 11 6 5 11 7 4 52 42 10 65 41 24 34 27 7 30 24 6 26 25 1 8 7 1 47 44 3 30 26 4 2 3 9 9 1 19 19 _ _ _ 9 9 _ 1 1 _ 10 10 1 1 - 8 8 8 8 - 4 2 2 1 1 " 14 11 3 8 . 2 2 10 10 2 15 15 _ _ 5 2 3 1 1 5 5 - - _ _ - -■ - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 2 2 - _ _ - 4 3 3 7 5 _ 1 9 11 1 1 _ _ 2 2 _ 1 1 7 1 5 2 5 5 4 4 . . 11 44 25 19 17 8 13 8 16 “T6— 3 3 9 5 7 1 1 1 38 37 1 24 12 12 10 6 4 6 — 5— 1 1 17 17 2 2 Transcribing-machine operators, general_______ Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _____ 24 15 39. 0 39. 0 67. 00 68. 50 _ _ Typists, clas s A ______ Manufacturing _ 82 47 39. 0 39. 5 72. 00 74. 50 - - 254 179 75 38. 5 39. 0 37. 5 60. 00 61. 50 56. 00 31 27 4 58 47 11 4 _ h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w e re d is tr ib u te d w e re d is tr ib u te d 2 w o r k e r s a t $ 35 37 31 6 _ 25 _ S ta n d a r d W o rk e rs W o rk e rs In c lu d e s 34 25 9 - _ 16 78. 50 1 2 3 4 16 12 4 - - _ 5 5 - 65. 00 __ 46 38 8 - _ 12 12 - 39. 5 — 44 28 16 - _ 8 37. 0 _ 24 18 6 - _ 4 4 - 27 _ 10 4 6 * _ 3 68 Typists, class B Manufacturing __ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing ________________________ 3 1 2 - 2 ~ 7 Tabulating-machine operators, class C ______ _ 2 2 13 13 _ V 5 5 * 2 2 1 - Tabulating-machine operators, class B _________ __ - 6 — 9 1 8 - Switchboard operator-receptionists ____________ Manufacturing ___________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ 8 8 _ 6 — 5 2 9 9 _ 3 - - 7 4 3 32 14 18 73 55 18 3 3 - w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . a s fo llo w s : 3 at $ 125 to $ 13 0 ; 4 a t $ 130 t o $ 13 5 ; 4 at $ 140 ando v e r. a s fo llo w s : 2 at $ 125 to $ 13 0 ; 2 a t $ 135 t o $ 14 0 ; 1 at $ 140 ando v e r. to $ 4 0 . . . . - . _ _ - - - •- . _ - - - _ - - _ - 6 T a b l e A - 2 . P ro fe s s io n a l a n d T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a t io n s (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Trenton, N. J. , December I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Sex, occupation, and industry division Weeklyj Weekly j Under hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) $ 6 5 . 00 oo Average Number of and under 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 l o . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 * 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 *110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 *140.00 1 5 0 .0 0 *160.00 1 7 0 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 *200.00 *210.00 and 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 0 0 . 00 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 Men 32 32 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 7 0 . 50 1 7 0 . 50 Draftsmen, senior ________________ Manufacturing .. .... 193 157 40. 0 39. 5 1 2 4 . 50 1 2 4 . 00 Draftsmen, junior ... ............ ............. Manufacturing________________ 71 59 40. 0 40. 0 9 7 . 50 9 8 . 00 Manufacturing - 1 _ _ _ _ _ " _ _ 2 2 " 8 8 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 12 12 7 7 12 8 24 16 3 3 1 15 11 21 17 _ _ " “ 1 1 3 3 15 15 49 41 49 33 1 1 10 10 2 2 17 13 _ “ 4 4 15 15 6 6 2 2 _ _ 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ " ~ ■ _ _ " _ _ _ Women Nurses, industrial (registered) Manufacturing _ “ * 41 39 90. 00 9 0 . 50 39. 5 39. 5 — 2 2 4 3 5 5 5 4 3 3 8 8 5 5 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 — 1 S ta n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e i r r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 2 a t $ 2 1 0 t o $ 2 1 5 ; 2 a t $ 2 1 5 to $ 2 2 0 . 4 u --------- ----------1--------- 1 ----------— 7 T a b le A - 3 . M a in t e n a n c e a n d P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a t io n s (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Trenton, N. J. , December I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n hourly . U n d e r earnings1 $ 1. 90 $ 1. 90 and under 2. 00 $ 2. 00 2. 10 $ 2 . 10 2. 20 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 2 . 30 2 .4 0 3 . 10 3. 20 3 . 30 3. 4 0 3. 50 over 3 1 2 . 90 3. 00 11 11 6 6 1 1 1 1 5 5 7 7 24 22 42 39 - 1 1 - 15 15 8 8 9 9 1 1 5 5 13 12 13 12 4 2 1 - - 4 - " " 5 5 12 12 2 2 43 43 50 50 13 13 5 5 _ - - - - - - 7 7 - “ 4 4 - - “ 6 — 5------- 17 1 31 31 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 6 11 11 27 27 22 22 - 10 10 - 16 16 45 42 3 " 44 44 2 - - 4 3 1 " 22 4 18 18 7 7 - 3 3 _ 7 1 6 6 8 8 " 12 2 10 10 15 15 - 6 6 3 9 6 3 3 56 56 33 33 49 41 3 3 9 5 72 72 32 32 14 14 1 1 ' 3 - - 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 32 32 2 2 - - 20 20 10 10 11 11 5 5 5 5 - 13 13 - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 4 4 8 7 2 2 - 2 2 - - - 2 2 _ - 21 21 15 15 - - 15 15 - - 4 4 12 12 - 20 23 150 144 2. 29 2. 33 14 8 - --------_ - 79 63 2. 29 2. 27 4 4 5 5 5 5 n ii M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e _ _____ _ ------- M a n u fa c tu rin g ________ _ _ __ — ----- 194 186 2. 92 2. 90 - - - - - - 8 8 M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ---------M a n u fa c tu rin g _ _____ _ - -----------__ ____ _ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 23 . __ „ __ - . 95 51 44 40 2 .7 8 2. 81 2 .7 6 2. 74 " - - - 2 2 - - .. — — — — __ — - ------- - 316 301 2. 59 2. 59 _ - 2 2 10 10 25 25 7 7 ___ __ __ ------------- _ ______ — -------- — 117 117 3. 02 3 . 02 - _ - - - - - 57 57 2. 25 2. 25 5 5 - 8 8 P a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______ __ _ -------- M a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ _ 46 39 2 . 70 2. 8 2 4 - - - - - __ __ -----— ---------- 118 115 2. 83 2. 8 2 _ - - - - - S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ----- __ _ M a n u fa c tu rin g ______________________________ 39 39 2. 90 2. 90 _ - - - - - - - - T o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s _________ __ __ -------- M a n u fa c tu rin g ____________ _______ _______ 322 322 3. 16 3 . 16 - - - - - - - - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 All workers were at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60. $ • 3 . 50 and i i ________ _________ — ------- _ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____ M a n u fa c tu rin g ____ __ _ $ 3. 4 0 34 34 - _____ ______ $ 3 . 30 4 4 - - . $ 3 . 20 8 8 “ _____ . . -- 3. 10 $ 48 44 2. 69 2. 63 O i l e r s _________ ______ M a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ 3 . 00 $ 21 20 80 69 M i l l w r i g h t s _________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ 2. 90 1 1 ---- ----- M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e . . M a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ _ $ 5 5 - ------_____ 2. 80 2. 80 - - - H e lp e rs , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa c tu rin g __ . ___ $ 2. 7 0 2 2 _ F ir e m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o ile r M a n u fa c tu rin g _ — 2. 7 0 $ 1 1 2. 84 2. 84 _ , 2. 60 16 8 200 188 E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y _ __ __ « M a n u fa c tu rin g _ ______ . . ~ 2. 60 $ 13 12 - - 2. 50 4 4 2 - E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e _____ - ----M a n u fa c tu rin g ________________________ 2. 50 $ 3 3 $ 2. 6 2 2. 68 _ _ ----- 2 .4 0 1 1 64 53 C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______________ M a n u fa c tu rin g __ . .. __ __ - - $ - ' - 20 - 8 ------- 6— - - . - - - - - - _ " " _ - - - - - 44 44 - . - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 - - - - - " - 45 42 - - - - 2 2 13 13 _ - 4 4 - 3 3 - - - - - - 3 3 17 17 - - - 2 2 - - 1 1 - - 23 31 31 30 30 42 5 - 5 - 141 141 - \ 42 5 5 - 3 25 25 8 T a b l e A - 4 . C u s t o d ia l a n d M a t e r i a l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a t i o n s (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Trenton. N. J. . December I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS 0 F - * Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers Elevator operators, passenger (women)____ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Guards .. _ . . . . . . ___ . Manufacturing .. . . . . .. _ 32 32 153 153 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) _ Manufacturing ____ . . . ____ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ___ Manufacturing . . . . . . ... Nonmanufacturing____________________ 385 302 83 136 34 102 Laborers, material handling x__ Manufacturing . . . Nonmanufacturing ... Public utilities3 Order fillers Manufacturing . 526 462 64 23 82 82 Pickers, shipping (men) Manufacturing Receiving clerks ..... Manufacturing _ _ ____ 53 51 91 74 17 Shipping clerks . . . . Manufacturing Shipping and receiving clerks Manufacturing_ Nonmanufacturing Truckdrivers 4 Manufacturing_______________________ Nonmanufacturing _ . . ___ Public utilities3 .. .. . Truckdrivers, medium (1*/* to and including 4 tons) . _ Manufacturing . . Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Manufacturing . . . Nonmanufacturing .. .. .. Public utilities 3 ________________ Truckers, power (forklift) Manufacturing Truckers, power (other than forklift) Manufacturing Watchmen . . . . Manufacturing * 1 5 4 115 102 45 43 329 129 200 124 Average $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ hourly 2 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 earnings and under 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . $ 1. 08 20 2 10 1. 08 20 2 10 2. 29 40 15 12 10 2 9 2. 29 40 15 12 10 2 9 14 14 16 7 37 13 41 22 75 44 1. 88 15 47 1 29 1.96 3 1 24 10 21 72 11 25 14 41 40 1 29 1. 58 16 4 13 13 4 2 1 1 3 1 6 19 43 41 4 3 8 2 8 3 4 1. 37 6 3 11 4 1.97 1 3 1 2 5 4 3 11 41 43 2 5 1 8 1 1 1. 17 ~ 20 3 12 6 7 18 24 55 54 21 40 23 1. 91 9 169 49 2 24 20 2 ri55 12 18 55 50 21 28 22 37 1.91 1 4 6 5 4 12 1 12 9 1.91 2.46 1 12 “ " " _ 3 3 5 10 2 1. 97 6 14 39 1.97 3 3 5 10 2 — 14 39 _ 4 1.93 2 3 4 8 10 20 14 8 16 19 4 3 4 4 3 4 8 10 14 1. 94 20 16 19 2 3 3 10 2. 16 3 4 2 2 9 3 3 10 3 4 2 2. 19 2 9 * _ 2 2 2. 16 12 2 2 16 5 _ 2. 18 2 12 2 2 16 5 ■ " 2 2 11 12 4 2. 20 8 10 19 9 10 4 2. 26 6 5 10 7 19 2 4 2 1 1. 95 5 ■ 2 _ _ 2.42 1 12 34 11 4 14 24 6 6 9 9 8 1 10 22 4 14 — 6— 3 3 4 • 2. 29 8 2 12 8 20 3 2.49 9 9 2. 84 - 3 - 9 - - - " “ - - " _ - 96 33 1. 96 2. 02 - 162 32 130 117 2.71 2.40 2. 79 2. 85 336 319 94 86 2. 22 2. 22 2. 39 2.41 74 57 1.66 1.78 _ _ 6 ' 6 9 - 6 - - " - - “ 11 6 — Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. - . - 3 - 8 8 - 6 ----6 22 22 “ 7 5 26 18 2 2 3 3 1 1 " " - 5 1 4 5 1 4 - 13 13 ■ - 5 5 - 62 59 3 3 7 7 10 10 44 42 12 12 38 38 6 6 66 61 9 1 20 20 2 2 4 1 - 4 4 - - _ " 8 8 _ T 6 -----5 _ _ _____ 5 5 - - _____ $ S $ $ $ 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 and 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 over _ _ - 65 65 14 4 10 10 _ _ 4 4 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 10 10 6 5 1 _ _ _ " _ ' _ 2 2 _ i i - 51 51 - 11 11 - 12 12 7 117 117 117 10 10 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ 1 1 6 6 - _ - 22 2 1 1 1 1 6 - - - - - - 16 16 1 1 " 5 5 - 117 117 117 - 60 59 - — 6 r~ 3 3 13 13 1 1 _ 44 44 4 4 - - _ _ _ “ “ “ “ “ B : Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Trenton, N. J. , December I960) Percent of manufacturing plant workers— In establishments having formal provisions 1 for— Shift differential Actually working on— Second shift work Third or other shift work Second shift Third or other shift 85. 8 78. 8 12. 1 5. 4 With shift pay differential _______________ 83. 0 78. 8 11. 5 5.4 Uniform cents (per hour) _____________ 48. 3 42. 5 8. 0 3. 6 5 c e n t s ________ ____ ___________ 6 cents _ _ _____ — --------- _ 7 cents __ „ _ __ __ ___ ~ l l h cents _______________________ 8 cents ___ .. ___ __ ____ 9 cents . ______ . ______ 10 cents _ __ ____ 12 cents ___ ___ — — ----- 14 cents _ __ ___ _ - ______ 15 cents _ _ ___ __ __ __ ___ 15. 3 7.8 6.9 2. 5 9.2 3. 3 1.9 1.3 - _ 7.7 6. 2 17. 5 8. 3 .9 1.9 2. 8 1. 5 .8 1.7 .4 .5 .3 - .8 .7 1.0 .9 (2) .2 34. 8 28.3 3. 6 1.4 .6 .1 2. 7 .2 .6 .8 - Uniform percentage __ — __ 5 percent _ „ „ — --6 percent — ~ „ ----71/* percent __ __ —— 10 percent ~ .. .. .. _ 15 percent----------------------------------Other formal pay differential ________ No shift pay differential --- — — — ~ - 15.9 2. 2 " 15. 6 1. 1 2.8 - - 2. 2 2. 5 23. 6 8. 0 .6 _ - - .4 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, and establishments with formal provisions covering late shifts even though they were not currently operating late shifts. 2 Less than 0. 05 percent. 10 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries fo r Women O ffice W o rk e rs ( D is t r ib u t io n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s tu d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y m in im u m e n t r a n c e s a la r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , T r e n to n , N . J . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) Inexperienced typists Other inexperienced clerical workers 4 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary1 A ll s c h e d u le s 35 A ll sc h e d u le s 40 3 7 * /* 3 8 3/4 XXX XXX XXX 28 35 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX XXX XXX 76 48 XXX XXX XXX 1 2 19 12 1 1 1 9 2 “ 1 1 2 4 1 3 3 - 2 1 3 3 1 “ 4 1 “ 4 “ 1 ” 1 1 " " “ 1 " " - 1 “ “ “ “ “ 2 3 2 1 1 10 7 XXX XXX XXX XXX 3 XXX XXX XXX XXX 31 18 XXX XXX XXX XXX 13 XXX XXX XXX XXX 1 2 20 6 1 1 1 3 35 23 - - 1 5 - 1 - _ 2 - 1 1 6 2 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 4 - - - 4 1 1 - 1 - 1 " 1 1 1 4 1 5 2 9 2 3 3 1 5 2 2 2 6 1 3 3 - 1 - 9 6 XXX XXX XXX XXX 3 XXX XXX XXX XXX 17 XXX XXX XXX XXX 19 XXX XXX XXX XXX 36 XXX 1 - 1 2 1 1 7 4 2 2 1 1 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s in th is c a te g o r y ----------------------------------------- 40 1 25 2 2 1 8 5 3 2 1 1 E s ta b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c if ie d m in im u m --------------------- 3 8 3/4 28 31 “ - XXX 3 7 * /2 XXX E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c if ie d m in im u m ---------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 5 0 -----$ 4 5 . 0 0 ------$ 4 7 . 5 0 ___ " $ 5 0 . 0 0 ------$ 5 2 . 5 0 ____ $ 5 5 . 0 0 ____ $ 5 7 . 5 0 ____ $ 6 0 . 0 0 -----$ 6 2 . 5 0 -----$ 6 5 . 0 0 -----$ 6 7 . 5 0 -----$ 7 0 . 0 0 ------$ 7 2 . 5 0 ------______ _________ 35 XXX XXX u n d er u n d er u n d er und er u n d er u n d er und er u n d er u n d er u n d er und er u n d er u n d er over A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 48 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and 3 7 l / 2 3 8 3/4 3 8 3/* 76 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 . 50 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 2 . 50 $ 65. 00 $ 6 7 . 50 $ 70.00 $ 7 2. 50 35 3 7 * /2 ___________ E s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours3 of— Based on standard weekly hours3 of— 1 Lowest salary rate formally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to messengers, office girls, or similar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the most common workweeks reported. 11 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours ( P e r c e n t d is t r i b u t io n o f o f f ic e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s and in in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , T r e n to n * N . J . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s All industries * A ll w o r k e r s _ __ __ __ U n d e r 35 h o u r s _____ ___ _ _ 35 h o u rs __ __ __ ___ __ O v e r 3 5 a n d u n d e r 3 7 V2 h o u r s _ _______ 3 7 V 2 h o u r s _______________________________________ 3 8 s /< h o u r s _ - — . O v e r 3 8 3 /* a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ___ 40 h o u rs . . . . . O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s __________________ 44 h o u rs . - - - - - O v e r 4 4 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s ________ ____ 48 h o u rs ____ O v e r 48 h o u rs Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries^ Manufacturing 100 100 100 13 2 10 10 1 65 5 1 69 8 9 1 76 - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - 82 8 1 84 10 - 97 2 1 3 100 (4 ) (4 ) ( (4 ) - - 31 - (4 ) - - - 1 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Public utilities2 100 (4 ) (4 ) 100 - - 3 12 Table B~4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s p r o v id e d a n n u a lly , T r e n t o n , N . J . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS Item All workers ___ All industries 1 _______ __ Workers in establishments providing paid holidays _ . . . . Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays .................. Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities12* All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 “ - - N um ber o f days Less than 6 holidays ___________________ 6 holidays 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y _______________ 6 holidays plus 2 half days _ 6 holidays plus 3 half days ______________ 7 holidays . . 7 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 7 holidays plus 2 half days 8 holidays 8 holidays plus 1 half day 8 holidays plus 2 half days 9 holidays 9 H o l i d a y s p l u s 1 H a l f d a y _ ____ 10 holidays 11 holid ays_ 12 H o l i d a y s _ _ _ 11 (4) 7 1 27 6 1 22 2 1 8 4 (4) 4 7 _ 7 - 10 1 33 5 1 34 3 6 (4) _ 11 69 20 1 18 10 31 3 4 22 0 (4) 5 2 (4) 3 _ 13 13 33 4 5 26 (4) 40 29 31 3 3 (4) To ta l h o lid a y tim e 5 12 or more days 11 or more days 10 or more days 9 V2 or more days 9 or more days 8 V2 or more days 8 or more days 7 */2 or more days 7 or more days 6 V2 or more days 6 or more days 5 or more days 4 or more days 3 or more days 2 or more days . _ _. . . .. . . . . . . . 7 11 11 15 24 25 48 55 89 89 ,1 00 . . . 100 100 100 100 _ (4) 6 6 9 44 50 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 20 20 20 20 89 89 89 89 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 3 3 5 11 11 36 39 81 81 99 99 99 99 100 _ (4) 3 6 6 37 41 87 87 100 100 100 100 100 31 31 31 31 60 60 60 60 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 1 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. * Less than 0. 5 percent. 5 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. v 13 T a b l e B -5 . P a id V a c a t io n s ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y v a c a t io n p ay p r o v i s i o n s , T r e n to n , N . J . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a tio n p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s - — — M e th o d ----------------------------------------- All industries 1 Manufacturing 100 100 100 99 - 100 99 - Public utilities 2 All industries 2 Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 85 15 - 100 81 19 - 100 100 - Public utilities 2 of paym ent W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g p a i d v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________ L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t __ — ______ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t _________ — — . . F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t __ _ ____ __ O t h e r _ ______ ____ __ _____ ___ W o r k e rs in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g n o p a i d v a c a t i o n s ____________ __ __ A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n (4 ) (4 ) ' ' 69 18 20 14 2 21 13 - 35 25 - - - * 13 81 4 13 1 87 5 8 40 54 6 53 20 26 1 58 25 17 - 40 54 6 10 38 51 1 9 47 44 32 61 2 1 94 1 2 2 1 95 1 1 p ay 5 A f te r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _____________________________________ 1 w e e k ______________________ _________ __ ______ O ver 1 and u n d er 2 w eeks _____________________ 2 w e e k s . . — . . _________ _____ . . _ 10 65 10 4 7 74 - 8 14 3 83 9 5 86 87 - - - 4 4 92 3 5 93 4 9 87 - - - (4 ) 3 97 _ 5 95 . 100 - - 97 - 98 - (4 ) _ A f te r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 O 2 3 w e e k _______ _________ — __ ___ __ v er 1 and u n d er 2 w eeks ______ __ w e e k s _____ _____ __ _____________ __________ w e e k s ___ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _ - A f te r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 O 2 3 w e e k _____________________ v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _____________________ w eeks __ . . ____________ _________________ w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------A f te r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek .. — _ — . . _ ___ O ver 1 and u n d er 2 w eeks _____________________ 2 w e e k s ___________________________________________ 3 w e e k s ____ _____ ____ ____ _______ - - 6 A f te r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 O 2 O 3 w e e k _____ ___ ___ . . . . . . v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ ,____ w eeks ___ _______ . . _____ . . ____ v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________________ w e e k s _________ __ _ ________ _________ See footnotes at end of table. (4) 89 5 6 2 2 94 - 6 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f ic e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , T r e n t o n , N . J . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a c a tio n p o lic y All industries * A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5— Manufacturing Public utilities^ All industries * Manufacturing Public utilities^ 2 56 27 16 2 53 35 11 61 _ 39 C o n tin u e d / A f te r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 2 O 3 w e e k _________________________ ____________________ w p .fik a ver 2 and u nder 3 w eeks ___ ___________ _____ w eeks --------------------------------------------------------------------- . (4 ) 54 14 31 _ _ 52 16 32 78 22 (4 ) 10 88 1 10 90 100 2 15 83 2 14 84 100 - - - - - (4 ) 10 85 4 - - 10 86 4 98 2 2 15 77 2 14 79 5 A f te r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 2 w e e k s ________________________ ___ _________ — 3 w eeks ____________________ _______________ — O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _______________________ - _ A f te r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 2 3 4 w w w w e e k ______ _________ — _____________ ______ eeks _______________ ___ — ----------------------eeks _____________ _________ — — ---------eeks ______________________________________________ - 6 _ _ 92 8 A f te r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ 2 w eeks _____________________________________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s — ----------------------_____________ ___ ___________ _____ — 4 w eeks (4) 10 49 10 29 - 10 40 - 82 16 - 34 18 2 15 44 15 25 2 14 39 19 26 _ - 68 - 32 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. * Less than 0. 5 percent. 5 Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of time" such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments were converted to'an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. 15 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Trenton. N. J. . December I960) O F F IC E W ORKERS PLA N T W ORKERS Type of benefit A ll i n d u s t r i e s 1 All workers 100 M a n u fa c tu rin g 100 P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2* A ll i n d u s t r i e s ^ M a n u fa c tu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s 2 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance . _ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance __ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both45 . Sickness and accident insurance____ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) . Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _ Hospitalization insurance____________ Surgical insurance ~ Medical insurance Catastrophe insurance Retirement pension . - _ .. __ No health, insurance, or pension plan _ 94 97 91 92 98 68 58 58 73 51 56 35 87 88 92 53 55 58 45 57 18 47 54 29 76 85 21 10 9 (’ ) 69 4 86 96 96 93 33 79 31 13 13 82 87 91 85 81 81 78 42 70 2 2 21 68 3 8 1 97 95 91 18 75 2 25 29 71 39 39 66 68 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick ’eave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days 1pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 5 Less than 0. 5 percent. 1 2 1 4 17 Ap p endix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E B IL L E R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B ille r, machine (h illin g machine) — Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r, machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrahd, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. C LER K , ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLER K , ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, ad justing and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLER K , PAYRO LL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLER K , F IL E Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the files. May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. O FFIC E BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST—-Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the follow in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEAD ER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a com bination o f the follow in g: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the follow in g: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 M A IN T E N A N C E D P O W E R P L A N T CARPEN TER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or c h ie f engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. H EL P E R , TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the follow in g: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—-Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the follow in g: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most o f the follow in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in volves the follow in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in in sta llin g and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. C U S T O D IA L A N D (Die maker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PO RTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continned from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers * orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LER K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv in g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and re ce iv in g clerk TRLCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the follow in g: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv in g work in volves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (com bination o f sizes lis te d separately) Truckdriver, lig h t (under lV2 ton s) Truckdriver, medium ( l l/2 to and including 4 ton s) Truckdriver, heavy ( over 4 tons, tra iler type) • Truckdriver, heavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than tra iler type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power ( fo rk lift) Trucker, power (o th e r than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U . S. GOVERNM ENT PRINTING O F F I C E : 1961 O - 583435 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .- N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T e x .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285* * Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285* 15 Buffalo, N .Y.— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-'29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N.C.— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285* * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285Dallas, T ex.— Bull. 1285-21 * * Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285*27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285* Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, T ex.— Bull. 1285-23 * Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind. — Bull. 1285*28 Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, Fla.— Bull. 1285-30 ^Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285* 18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285** Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285* * Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285* Miami, Fla.— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285* Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N.J.— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, La.— Bull. 1285New York, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News — Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285- 24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, Pa.— Bull. 1285*Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R.I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285**Raleigh, N.C.— Bull. 1285*5 Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285-26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285**St. Louis, Mo.-Ill.— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285*32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285*San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, Calif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, Calif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, Ga. — Bull. 1285**Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285*8 ^ S e a ttle , Wash.— Bull. 1285*7 ***Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285- 17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285*25 Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va.-—Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285* Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285*20 * * Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285*9 * * Wilmington, D el.-N .J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * ** *** Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.
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