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SPOKANE, WASHINGTON MAY 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-73 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arfhur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clogue, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey SPOKANE, WASHINGTON MAY 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-73 August 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewon Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents Page The L a b o r M a r k e t O ccu pa tiona l Wage Su rvey P r o g r a m The B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics annually conducts occupational w age su r v ey s in 82 labor markets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and re la ted sup plem en tary benefits. A p r e l im i n a r y report furnishing trend data and a v e r a g e earnin gs is r e le a s e d within a month of the completion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the p re lim i n a ry report. T w o bulletins, b ringing together the results of all of the a r e a s urv ey s, ar e is s u e d after completion of the final a r e a bulletin in the cu rrent round of surveys. The f i r s t of these bulletins w i l l be available late in 1962 and the other e a r l y in 1963. D u rin g the survey year, s u m m ary r e l e a s e s pre sentin g a r e a w id e occupational earnings data fo r 25 to 30 l a b o r m a r k e t s, are is s ue d as data beco me av aila b le . This bulletin w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ' s r e gion al office in San F r a n c i s c o , C alif. , by Ro bert L. O r r , under the d irecti on of W i l l i a m P. O' Connor. The study w a s under the g e n e r a l d ir ection of John L. Dana, A s s i s t ant R egio nal D i r e c t o r fo r W a g e s and Industrial Relations. Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ W age trends for selecte d occupational groups _____________________________ 1 3 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: Esta blis hm ents and w o r k e r s within scope of su r v e y _______________ P e rc e n ts of in c r e a s e in standard w eek ly s a l a r i e s and straigh t-tim e ho urly earnin gs fo r selecte d occupational groups ___________________________________________________ Occupational e a r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffice occupations—m en and w o m en __________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and technical occupations—m en and w o m e n _______________________________________________________ A - 3 . Office, p ro fe s s io n a l, and technical occupations—m en and w o m e n combined _____________________ A - 4 . Maintenance and pow erp lant occupations ____________________ A - 5. Custo dial and m a t e r i a l m ovement occupations _____________ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Appendixes: A. B. Changes in occupational des cri ptio ns ________________________________ Occupational descri ptio ns ______________________________________________ * N O T E : S i m il a r tabulations fo r these it em s and also tabulations on es ta bli sh m ent p ra c t ic e s and supplem en tary w age p ro v is io ns ar e av aila ble in prev iou s a r e a re po rts fo r Spokane and fo r other m a j o r a r e a s . A d ir e c t o r y in dicating the a r e a s , dates of study, and p r ic e s of these re po rts is av aila b le upon request. Union sc a le s , indicative of p re v a ilin g pay lev els, ar e also av aila b le fo r the follo w in g trad es, or indu stries in the Spokane a r e a : Building construction, printing, l o c a l tr ansit operating em plo yees, and m o to rtru ck d r i v e r s and h elp ers. iii 9 11 Occupational Wage Survey—Spokane, Wash. Introduction are presented (in the A -series tables) for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U.S. De partment of L a bo r!s Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis. The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i . e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. In each area, data are obtained from representative establish ments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transpor tation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l ) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties pe rformed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data 1 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Spokane, Wash., Number of establishments Within scope of study 1 3 2 Industry division Studied by major industry division, 2 May 1962 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied __________ 134 67 23, 400 16,420 Manufacturing _______________________________________ _______________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities4 ___ _________ ____ __________________ _________ __ Whole sale trade 5 ________________ __ __________________ _______ Retail trade 3 .. , __ Finance, insurance, and real estate5 ____________________ ____ Services 5>6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 91 23 44 8, 200 15,200 6, 110 10,310 19 15 37 8 12 11 8 12 6 7 A ll divisions ____________________________________________ 5, 1, 5, 1, 1, 700 300 600 100 500 4, 910 850 2, 410 990 1, 140 1 The Spokane Standard Metropolitan Statistical A rea consists of Spokane County. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not interded, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-mixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation (50 employees). All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 5 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 6 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The per centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; me chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sa l T a b l e 2. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. P e r c e n t s of in c re a se in standard w e e k ly s a l a r i e s and s tr a ig h t-t im e h o u rly earnin gs fo r sel ecte d occupational gr ou ps in Spokane, W a s h ., M a y 1961 to M a y 1962 Occupational group O ffi ce c l e r i c a l (men and w o m en) __________________________ I n d u s tr ia l n u rs e s (m en and w omen) ______________________ S k il le d maintenance (men) _________________________________ U n s k i l l e d plant (men) ________________________________________ l aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. Insufficient data to meet publication c r it e r ia . A l l in du stries 2.6 ( l ) 3.9 5.5 M anufactu ri ng n (‘ ) 4.1 3.9 4 A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women ( A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t- tim e w e e k ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs f o r s e le c te d occu pation s studied on an a r e a b a s is by in d u stry d iv is io n , Spokane, W ash., M a y 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average Sex, occu p ation , and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of workers Weeklyt Weekly, 10.00 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) under 45.00 — ^5.00 10.00 15.00 % 0 .0 0 1)5.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 *85.00 $ 90.00 *95.00 100.00 *105.00 *110.00 115.00 *120.00 *125.00 *130.00 *3 5 .0 0 *140.00 50.00 55.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 60.00 90.00 M en C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s A -------- „ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ __ ------ --------------N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilitie s 2 __ _______________ 61 19 42 29 40.0 40.0 39.5 40.0 $110.00 109.50 110.50 109.50 - - C le r k s , a ccou n tin g, c la s s B ____ 23 38.5 87.00 _ _ _ C le r k s , o r d e r _____ „ __ __ _____ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ 35 27 40.0 40.0 98.00 .."96" 50" - B ille r s , m ach in e (b illin g m ach in e) _____ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ 21 20 40.0 40.0 71.50 69.60 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A __ _____ ____________________________ N on m an u factu rin g _ __ ____________ _ 23 17 40.0 4 0 80.50 T O tf 39.0 39.0 61.00 2 6 0 o ---- — ______ 6 1 5 3 11 2 9 6 12 2 10 8 8 7 1 1 11 11 10 3 3 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 - - 1 2 1 4 4 2 _ 1 _ _ _ - “ 5 4 8 6 8 6 12 11 - - - 2 " - 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 - - " - - - 3 3 3 4 4 - - - _ 3 3 1 " - - - " 6 6 4 4 2 2 - 3 2 1 1 2 ------~ - - - - - - 2 1 1 1 1 - _ _ ■ " . . . - - W om en B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B ____ _____ _____ ____ __ _ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ _____ _________ _ 151 — RT~ - - - - " " * " 2 2 4 4 30 30 43 43 34 34 27 25 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 6 17 4 13 2 13 13 7 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - 8 8 15 2 13 ~ - - 13 13 - - 10 10 19 19 1 1 4 2 9 3 3 4 4 2 2 - 3 3 13 13 22 22 1 1 60 48 40.0 40.0 85.00 84.50 C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s B __ _____ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 __ _________ _ 107 25 82 16 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 72.50 85.50 68.50 78.50 _ _ 33 30 39.5 39.5 60.00 T O O __ _ 29 40.0 70.00 C le r k s , p a y r o ll ___ __ __ _____ __ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ -----___________ N on m an u factu rin ____________________ 48 21 27 40.0 40.0 40.0 80.00 85.00 76.00 C o m p to m e te r o p e r a to r s _ ____________ _ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ 73 58 40.0 40.0 68.00 64.00 " K eypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A 3 _________ 28 40.0 88.00 . C le r k s , f ile , c la s s B 3 ______ __ _____ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ___________ __ C le r k s , o r d e r _____ __ _____ _____ - _ ____________ __ __ ____ C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s A N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ __ ------ 2 T _ - - - - _ 4 ------T ~ . _ ~ - - - - - - ' ■ “ _ _ ~ - - - - - - - - - 5 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 _ _ _ - _ - - - ~ - _ - _ - 2 2 2 _ " _ - 4 4 - _ - _• _ - _ - - _ " _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ ■ - ■ ■ “ “ ~ ■ “ ■ 6 1 . 4 . . . . . . 2 2 1 1 13 3 10 2 2 " 6 3 3 ~ - 1 1 " 1 1 - " 1 1 " - 10 2 6 5 7 1 2 2 1 1 _ 2 _ 2 _ _ 2 - - 4 2 10 6 10 10 12 12 3 12 n 1 - 11 4 7 2 . _ * 3 5 4 1 5 -----— 4 1 ------i ~ ----- j — 4 " 1 1 6 “ $ - 7 4 3 7 - 6 — r~ - ________i See fo o tn o te s at end of ta b le. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ ” ~ “ " ■ - _ _ 9 2 _ _ _ - - ~ - _ _ ~ - - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women----Continued (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly hours and ea rn in g s fo r s e le c te d occu pation s stu died on an a r e a b a s is by in d u stry d iv is io n , Spokane, W ash. , M ay 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- A verage Sex, occu p ation , and in d u s try d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ Weekly, Weekly , 4 0.00 *45. 00 *50. 00 *55. 00 *60.00 *65. 00 *70. 00 75. 00 80.00 *85. 00 *90. 00 hours1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) u nder $ $ $ $ 95.00 *100.00 *105.00 110.00 115.00 *120.00 *125.00 *130.00 *135.00 140.00 45 .0 0 50. 00 -55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 85.00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 W om en — C ontinued O ffic e g ir ls ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------- 23 23 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $63. 00 63.00 S e c r e t a r ie s ------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------- 121 45 76 39. 5 4 0 .0 39.5 89.00 104. 50 80.00 S te n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e r a l3 ---------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------- 59 48 39 .5 39. 5 65.00 65.00 - 14 14 _ - 10 10 5 25 21 8 8 ~ " “ 1 1 " - 5 5 4 - - - 2 2 - 6 5 “ " 12 12 15 2 13 7 2 6 6 . . “ ■ 12 7 5 15 5 10 1 1 2 - 12 4 12 4 8 8 2 2 . _ _ _ . ' * “ " ~ 2 - ~ 2 " 14 14 13 3 3 3 3 4 87. 50 85. 50 90. 00 - - - 5 5 - “ ' " “ " ~ 5 4 1 11 - S w itch b o a rd o p e r a to r s ------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------P u b lic u tilit ie s 2 -------------------------------- 53 48 18 39.5 39.5 4 0.0 75. 00 72.00 87. 50 - 5 5 10 10 6 6 1 1 8 7 2 - - S w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t s ----M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------- 67 21 46 40. 5 4 0 .0 40. 5 66. 50 74. 50 63.00 11 ----------------- 19 39.0 73. 50 ----------------------------- 70 43 4 0 .0 39. 5 71. 50 57. 00 T y p is ts , c la s s B N on m a n u fa ctu rin g . ■ 7 7 5 40 .0 40. 0 40 .0 A 3 3 20 20 19 73 60 38 c la s s " 9 9 3 S te n o g ra p h e rs , s e n io r 3 -------- — — — N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 ------------------------- T y p is ts , 4 4 6 1 . . " - . - - " “ ■ _ . . . - - - “ - 4 - - - - - “ " ■ ■ " ■ . _ . 4 - - - - - - - - “ “ - 18 11 - 2 2 2 5 5 . 2 - - - 9 11 6 5 1 . 2 16 1 " ~ 4 " . _ 4 4 1 1 4 3 _ _ _ 8 8 9 9 5 5 15 13 11 3 _ . - - 1 - “ ~ " _ 1 19 1 11 - - ■ . _ 2 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women “ " 1 S tan d ard h ou rs r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich em p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t- tim e s a la r ie s and the ea rn in gs c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w e e k ly h ou rs. 2 T r a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s . 3 D e s c r ip t io n fo r th is jo b has b een r e v is e d sin c e the la s t s u rv e y in this a re a . See appendix A . _ “ . - 2 - S a la rie s o f p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d fro m th is re p o r t. D ata do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia . ■ 1 1 3 2 6 " 1 1 2 - . 11 11 2 2 2 2 2 - - 1 1 1 " 2 - . - 6 6 6 ■ ■ 11 10 1 - . ■ " 2 " _ - ■ _ - " _ - ~ _ - - . 6 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e w e e k ly earnings fo r s e le c te d occupations studied on an a re a basis by in du stry d ivisio n , Spokane, W ash. , May 1962) Occupation and in du stry d iv is io n Number of Average weekly , earning! 1 (Standard) 23 ...... 22" $74.50 72. 50 B ookkeepin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs , class A ______ -__ _ N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------- 23 17 80. 50 75. 00 B ookkeepin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs , cla ss B __________ ^n^jr^a^iifarti^ring .. 151 144 61. 00 60. 00 _________________________ 121 31 90 43 97. 50 100.00 96. 50 104.50 C le r k s , accounting, cla ss A Nonm anufacturing ------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ----- ---„ „ „ ------ ------ — ------------------------ Number of O ccupation and in d u stry d iv is io n earnings * (Standard) 130 36 94 19 75. 00 86. 50 71.00 81. 50 C le rk s , file , cla ss B 3 ___________ ___________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________________ 33 30 60. 00 55. 50 $85. 00 83. 00 S ten ograp h ers, s e n io r 1 3 ________________________________ 2 Nonm anufacturine6 5 ___________________________________ Pu b lic u tilitie s _________________________________ 75 62 40 $88.00 85. 50 90. 50 C le rk s , p a y r o ll --------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ____________________________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________________ 50 22 28 81. 00 86. 50 77. 00 Sw itchboard o p e ra to rs _________________________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ Pu b lic u tilitie s 2 _________________________________ 53 48 18 75. 00 72. 00 87. 50 C o m p tom eter o p era to rs ______________________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________________ 76 58 69. 50 64.00 Sw itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts __________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ _____________ 67 21 46 66. 50 74. 50 63. 00 Keypunch o p e ra to rs , cla ss A 3 _____ _______________ 28 88. 00 T y p is ts , c la ss A _______________________________________ N onm anufacturing --------------------------------------------- 21 19 76. 00 72. ()0 _ _ __ __ __________________________________ 35 32 64. 50 62. 50 T v o is ts , c la ss B _________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing --------------------------------------------.. 70 43 71. 50 57. 00 S e c r e ta r ie s _____________________________________________ M anufacturing ______________________________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________________ 122 45 77 89. 00 104.50 80. 50 S ten ograp h ers, g e n e r a l3 _____________________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________________ 59 48 65. 00 65. 00 _ - . _ ..... 1 E arn in gs a re fo r a re g u la r w o rk w eek fo r w hich em p lo y ees r e c e iv e th eir s tra ig h t-tim e w eek ly s a la r ie s , e x c lu s iv e of any prem iu m pay. 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and oth er public u tilitie s . 3 D e s c rip tio n fo r this job has been r e v is e d sin ce the la s t s u rv e y in this a rea . See appendix A . earning! * (Standard) 64 55 Nnnm anufartiiring n ffic p hoys and g ir ls N onm anufacturing C le rk s , accounting, cla ss B _________________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------N r'nm anufaf't'vi'r i T1g . . _ _ _ P u b lic u tilitie s 2 ----------------------------------------- Number of workers O ffic e occu p ation s— Continued O ffic e occupations— Continued O ffic e occupations 8 Occupation and indu stry d iv is io n P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations S a la rie s o f p ro fe s s io n a l and te c h n i cal w o rk e rs a r e o m itted fr o m th is re p o r t. Data do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . 7 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s f o r m en in s e le c te d occu p ation s studied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u stry d iv is io n , Spokane, W ash., M a y 1962) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccu p ation and in d u s try d iv is io n C a r p e n te r s , m a in ten a n ce ____ _______ M a n u fa ctu rin g ___ __ __ __ _____ _________ _________ of workers 38 30 hourly , earnings1 $ 2.00 and under 2.10 $3.01 2.96 3.35 ' 1T3T "" $ 2.10 2.20 $ 2.20 2.30 $ 2.30 2.40 $ 2.40 2.50 $ 2.50 2.60 $ 2.60 2.70 $ 2.70 2.80 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 2.90 3.00 1 ~ 2 2 ■ 1 1 4 - ■ “ 4 4 _ . l 1 2 2 8 7 . . 2 - ■ ■ - . ■ 7 4 3 3 5 E le c t r ic ia n s , m a in ten a n ce ________________ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------- 115 96 E n g in e e r s , s ta tio n a ry __ _____ __ _____ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g ___ _________________ __ ___ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______________________ ______ P u b lic u tilitie s 2 ____________________________ 71 47 24 16 2.92 "3.(58 2.60 2.57 . . . - - - . - " F ir e m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o ile r ______________________ 22 2.53 . 6 M a c h in is ts , m a in ten a n ce _________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ___ __ __ __ __ ------ ------- 87 83 3.16 3.16 ■ ■ ■ 6 6 6 ------g---- $ 3.10 3.20 3.20 3.30 $ 3.30 3.40 $ 3.40 3.50 $ 3.50 3.60 $ 3.60 3.70 2 2 1 12 12 3 ~ - ■ 6 6 - - 75 74 - “ 1 1 . 15 _ - ■ ■ ■ “ ■ “ “ . 3 . . . . . . ■ 34 31 4 4 4 4 - 33 33 1 ■ 22 22 98 26 72 1 1 - - - - ■ ■ " ■ " " 2 2 1 . . 5 . 8 . _ - - 4 4 " 2 2 5 5 ■ . . . . - " 3.10 $ - 3 3 - 3.00 10 15 15 12 4 ------ 3---- $ - — 20 — - Id — nr- 4 5 ------ 3— ----- §----- - - M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) _________ M a n u fa ctu rin g --------- ----------- __ __________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ___ _________ __ _____ __ 142 57 85 3.01 3.03 2.99 . 8 1 - - - - - - ■ " _ - ~ _ 8 1 ■ ~ ■ “ M e c h a n ic s , m a in ten a n ce _________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------- 184 167 3.26 3.23 _ _ 4 4 . . _ 17 . - “ - ■ - 126 126 . " 30 30 . - 6 6 _ ■ 1 1 . ' " - - 45 45 2.61 1 _ _ 16 16 2 2 . . . . . . . ■ 5 5 . ■ 21 21 . ■ - . 1 * - - - “ - 21 3.14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 9 2 4 . . . O ile r s __________ _________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ _____ _____ — _ — __ __ __ __ __ __ __ P a in t e r s , m a in ten a n ce ____________________________ 1 2 2.61 E x clu d es p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and la te sh ifts. T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r pu blic u tilitie s . . ~ 2 4 ' 12 9 3 8 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s f o r s e le c te d occupations studied on an a r e a b a s is by in d u stry d iv is io n , Spokane, W ash., M a y 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n 1 and in d u s try d iv is io n Average hourly earnings i $ 1.00 and 1.10 J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m en ) _______________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g --------------------------- % 1.10 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 and 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 12 _ 6 3 3 9 76 12 12 - 6 3 3 9 76 12 2 1.53 1.53 _ - - - - - - 14 14 4 4 - - - 6 6 375 185 190 2.47 2.52 2.42 _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ 2 2 - - - - 3 - - “ _______________________________ 135 128 2.53 2.52 274 109 165 36 $1.99 2.44 1.69 2.10 24 24 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling ------ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________ N on m an u factu rin g _ ___________________ O rd er fille r s J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (w o m e n ) _____________________________ ____ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ - 8 1 7 2.00 3 3 19 1 18 shipping _________________________ 59 2.49 30 21 2.62 2.48 - - - - - - - - - - Shipping c le r k s ________ _____ _____ ____ M a n u fa ctu rin g _ __ ______ ____ _ N on m an u factu rin g _____________________ 32 15 17 2.70 2.60 2.78 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k s ___________ 16 2.71 _ _ _ _ . 1 336 82 254 141 2.71 2.83 2.67 2.66 N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ________ — — _ P u b lic u t il i t i e s 3 ________________ 236 35 201 132 2.64 2.70 2.63 2.66 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 tons, t r a i l e r ty p e) ___________________________ N on m an u factu rin g _ _________ ____ 48 44 2.88 2.86 - - - - - - T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 tons, o th e r than t r a i l e r ty p e ) ----------------- 27 3.02 - - - - - - T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (f o r k l i f t ) _______________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ____ _______________ 258 53 2.72 2.65 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o th e r than f o r k lif t ) ______________________________ ____ M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________ 37 19 2.29 2.22 W atchm en _______ 17 1.81 T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 _ _____ _____ ___________ _ ... ... -.......... M a n u fa ctu rin g Non-m anufacturing .......... P iih lir u tilitie s 3 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m ed iu m ( 1V 2 to and in clu din g 4 t o n s ) ____________________ - 1 2 3 4 _______________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.20 2.30 2.40 11 11 11 37 14 23 23 - 18 18 _ 1 _ 21 8 13 2 2 3 3 _ _ 13 13 - - 3 _ _ 1 3 D ata lim ite d to m en w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o th e rw is e in d ica ted . E xclu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s, and la te sh ifts. 'T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ica tion , and o th er pu blic u tilitie s . Inclu des a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s of s iz e and ty p e of tru ck o p era ted . _ _ 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 70 70 - - - - - - - 3.10 3.20 3.30 - - over - 24 24 - 60 36 24 29 6 23 81 51 30 61 61 32 27 5 12 12 " 30 30 _ _ 96 92 9 6 _ _ _ _ _ - - . “ “ " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 - - 1 " _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ 16 16 3 _ 17 11 _ _ . 10 8 3 3 1 i 1 . - 4 4 3 - 3 3 _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 t 4 4 1 ~ 3 _ 3 14 1 13 " " ' " . - - 2 3 - 2 3 4 . - “ . 20 4 16 . . 7 _ 7 5 15 2 13 10 16 157 16 141 117 16 _ 16 6 34 5 29 32 12 20 16 8 8 14 14 _ 9 9 . _ _ 7 15 2 13 10 17 5 12 - 5 5 - - “ “ 11 3 8 ~ - 10 ~ 150 16 134 117 10 7 5 - " ~ 1 1 6 6 17 17 - - i t 4 3 1 1 _ _ 12 I t - 8 8 - 8 14 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - 2 6 . 3 6 8 15 11 19 5 _ 1 70 - _ " 49 - . “ 81 37 - - 8 - 7 - 2 2 - - - - - - . 4 6 11 8 - - ■ " _ 2 2 8 9 9 _ 6 — 5“ 2.60 20 20 4 16 - 2.50 - R e c e iv in g c l e r k s __ ___ __________________ . N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ P a ck ers, 2.10 " 4 - - - - . . " - - Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three o ffice jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin. instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. 9 Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE B ILLE R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A —Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)—Vises a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B—Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine ( bookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A —Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 11 12 CLERK, ACCOUNTING-Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge o f accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, F ILE Class A —In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter file s, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower le v e l file clerks. Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C—Performs routine filing o f material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in file s and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, P A Y R O L L Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE O PE RATO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR D IT T O ) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file o f used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 13 KEYPUNCH O PE RATO R Class A-Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards* Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B—Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR G IRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree o f stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge o f general busi ness and office procedures and o f the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 14 SWITCHBOARD O PERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE O PERATOR-Continued Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD O PERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATO R Class A —Operates a variety o f tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PE RATO R , GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IS T Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A —Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing o f complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B —Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 15 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts* man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEAD ER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT C A R PE N TE R , MAINTENANCE C AR PE NTER , MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 16 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE H E LPE R , MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the ele c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind o f work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish• ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types o f machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs o f metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working 17 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—Continued MILLWRIGHT properties o f the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work o f the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, M AINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. O ILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces o f mechanical equipment o f an establishment. PA IN TE R , MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge o f surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 18 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as w ell as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATO R OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. 19 JANITOR, PO R TE R, OR C LEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, M A TE RIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker emoloyed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. sible for incoming shipments o f merchandise or other materials. ping work involves: routes, Ship A knowledge o f shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work involves: May Receiving Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. and indicating items filled or omitted, May, in addition to fillin g orders keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 20 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver ( combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type o f truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power ( other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illega l entry. * U .s . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0 — 653771
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