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M 15 *83 Occupational Wage Survey Public Library SOUTH BEND, INDIANA MARCH 1963 K u l let in N o. 1 3 4 5 -5 2 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ewan C lague, Com m issioner Occupational Wage Survey SOUTH BEND, INDIANA MARCH 1963 Bulletin No. 1345-52 M a y 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . Willard W irtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25 , D.C. Price 20 cents P reface Contents Page The L a b o r M arket O ccupational W age S urvey P r o g r a m E ig h ty -t w o la b o r m a r k e t s c u r r e n t ly a r e in clu d ed in the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m o f a nn ua l o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m a j o r l a b o r m a r k e t s . These s t u d i e s p r o v i d e d a t a o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e l a t e d su p plem en ta ry b e n e fits. In fo r m a tio n on r e la te d s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s is o b t a i n e d b i e n n i a l l y in m o s t o f the l a b o r m arkets. I n t r o d u c t i o n _____________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s ___________________________ T ables: 1. 2. A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t w hich p re se n ts earnings t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s and a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in s e l e c t e d j o b s i s r e l e a s e d w it h in a m o n t h a f t e r th e c o m p l e t i o n o f th e s t u d y in e a c h a r e a . T h is bulletin p r o v i d e s a d d i t i o n a l d a t a not i n c l u d e d in th e p r e l i m i n a r y rep ort. A t w o - p a r t s u m m a r y b u l l e t i n is i s s u e d a f t e r the c o m p l e t i o n o f a l l o f the a r e a b u l l e t i n s f o r a r o u n d o f s u r v e y s ( f o r th e c u r r e n t r o u n d o f s u r v e y s , the f i r s t p a r t o f th is b u l l e t i n w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e l a t e in 1963 and th e s e c o n d p a r t e a r l y in 1 9 64). T h e f ir s t p a rt p r e s e n ts individual l a b o r m a r k e t data. T h e s e c o n d p a r t p r e s e n t s da ta r e la t i n g t o a l l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in the U n ite d S t a t e s . A: E s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___________ P e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e in s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s and s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly earn ings fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s _____________________ O ccupational ea rn in g s:* A - 1. O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n ________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s ^ m e n and w o m e n ____________________________________________________ A - 3 . O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s — ___________________________ m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d A - 4 . M a i n t e n a n c e a nd p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s ___________________ A - 5. C u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ---------------- A pp end ix: O ccu pational d e scrip tio n s ______________________________________ T h i s b u l l e t i n w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in C h i c a g o , 111. , b y M a r v i n G l i c k , u n d e r the d ir e c t io n o f W o o d r o w C. Lin n , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W a g e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . 1 3 * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tion s a re a v a ila b le f o r other m a j o r a r e a s . (See in side b a c k c o v e r . ) U n io n s c a l e s , i n d i c a t i v e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in the So u th B e n d a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r s e v e n s e l e c t e d buildin g tr a d e s . iii 2 2 4 6 7 8 9 11 O ccupational W age Survey—South Bend, Ind. Introduction T h i s a r e a i s 1 o f 82 l a b o r m a r k e t s in w h i c h the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s of o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e l a t e d w a g e b e n e f i t s o n an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s data a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly sched ule in the g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n i n g s data e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late s h ifts. N onproduction bonuses a re exclu ded, but c o s t - o f l i v i n g b o n u s e s and i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e in c l u d e d . W here w eek ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is t o the w o r k s c h e d u l e s ( r o u n d e d t o the n e a r e s t h a lf h our) f o r w h i c h s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s a re paid; a v e r a g e w e e k ly earn in gs fo r these o c c u p a t i o n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d t o the n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s c u r r e n t o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d l a r g e l y b y m a i l f r o m the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s in the l a s t p r e v i o u s s u r v e y f o r o c c u p a t i o n s r e p o r t e d in that e a r l i e r stu dy. P e r so n a l visits w e re made to n o n r e s p o n d e n t s and t o t h o s e r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t i n g u n u s u a l c h a n g e s s i n c e the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In e a c h a r e a , da ta a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u st r y d iv is io n s : M a n u factu rin g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a nd r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r in d u stry g ro u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th ese stu dies a re g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E sta b lish m en ts h a v i n g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y te n d t o f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a tions stu died to w a r r a n t in clu s io n . S ep arate tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h i c h m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n criteria . D i f f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w h i c h b o t h m e n and w o m e n a r e c o m m o n l y e m p l o y e d a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d i f f e r e n c e s in the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f the s e x e s a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ; (2) d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h the o c c u p a t i o n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y c l a s s i f i e d w it h in the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n ; and (3) d i f f e r e n c e s in le n g t h of s e r v i c e o r m e r i t r e v i e w w h e n i n d i v i d u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d j u s t e d on th is b a s i s . Longer a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u l d r e s u l t in h i g h e r a v e r a g e p a y w h e n b o t h s e x e s a r e e m p l o y e d w it h in the s a m e r a t e r a n g e . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th an t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u tie s perform ed . T h e s e s u r v e y s a re co n d u c te d on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . To o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th an o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s tu d ie d . In c o m b i n i n g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g i v e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e i g h t . E sti m a t e s b a s e d o n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e l a t i n g t o a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O ccupations O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h i n the s c o p e o f the s t u d y and not the n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n l y t o i n d ic a t e the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f the j o b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n ot m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y of the e a r n in g s data. and E a r n i n g s T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s t u d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w i n g t y p e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; (c) m a i n t e n a n c e a nd p o w e r p l a n t ; and (d) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m ent. O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n if o r m set of jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o ta ke a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t ie s w it h in the s a m e j o b . The o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a re l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in the a p p e n d i x . E a r n i n g s da ta f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h da ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s T a b u l a t i o n s o n s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e not p r e s e n t e d in th is bulletin . I n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e s e t a b u l a t i o n s i s c o l l e c t e d b i e n n i a l l y in t h is a r e a . T h e s e tabu lation s on m in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r in ex p e rie n ce d w om en o ffice w o r k e r s ; s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ; p a i d h o l i d a y s ; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in the B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) in p r e v i o u s b u l l e t i n s f o r th is a r e a . 1 2 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e of s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ied in South B en d, Ind., 1 b y m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv is io n , 2 M a r c h 1963 N u m b er o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts In d u stry d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s W ithin s c o p e o f study 3 ____ _______ __ __ ________ _____ _____ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g _____ — ___ ____ __ — ___ _____ _____ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ____ _______ — _____ ________ __ __ __ T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s 5 ___________________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e 6 __________________________________________ . . ____ „ . . „ . . . . . . . . __ R e t a il t r a d e 6 __ F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e 6 __________________ S e r v i c e s 6* 7 ____ ___ ___ ___ _______ _____ — _____ _____ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts Studied W ithin s c o p e o f s tu d y 4 Studied 146 83 43, 900 38, 590 58 88 36 47 32, 800 11, 100 30, 640 7, 950 22 16 27 8 15 16 7 11 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5 8 700 500 300 500 100 2, 390 820 1, 980 2, 150 610 1 T he South B en d Standard M e tro p o lita n S t a tis tic a l A r e a c o n s i s t s o f St. J o s e p h C ounty. Th e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e of stu d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n of the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t im a t e s a r e n ot in ten ded, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is of c o m p a r is o n , w ith o th e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s f o r the a r e a to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) plan n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad v a n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and (2) sm a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e of the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w a s u s e d in c la s s if y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . 3 In clu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim ita tio n (50 e m p lo y e e s ). A ll o u tle ts (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u s tr ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n p ic tu r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In clu d e s a ll w o r k e r s in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t (w ith in the a r e a ) at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim it a t io n (50 e m p lo y e e s ). 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 6 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in the S e r ie s A t a b le s . S e p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f data f o r th is d iv is io n is not m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t in the d iv is io n is t o o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it s e p a r a te study, (2) the s a m p le w as n ot d e s ig n e d in it ia lly to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in ad equ ate to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) t h e r e is p o s s i b il i t y o f d i s c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. 7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . T a b le 2. P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s in South B e n d , Ind., f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s In d u stry and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p A ll in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w om en ) ___________ In d u s tria l n u r s e s (m e n and w om en ) _____ S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m en ) __________________ U n sk ille d plant ( m e n ) __ ___ ___ ___ _______ __ M a n u fa c tu r in g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w om en ) ___________ In d u stria l n u r s e s (m e n and w om en ) _______ S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m en ) ____________ __ U n sk ille d plant ( m e n ) __ _____ _____ — __ M a r c h 1962 to M a r c h 1963 M a r c h 1961 to M a r c h 1962 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.8 2.3 4.7 3.3 2.1 2.5 2.3 3.7 2.6 4.1 4 .2 3.1 2.2 A p r il I960 to M a r c h 1961 2.8 2.7 2.9 1.8 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 3 Wage T rends for S elected O ccnpational Groups P r e s e n t e d in t a b le 2 a r e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e r e l a t e to a v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o r k , that i s , the s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r w h i c h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , t h e y m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on da t a f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in e a c h g r o u p . T h e o f f i c e c l e r i c a l da t a a r e b a s e d on m e n and w o m e n in the f o l l o w i n g 19 j o b s : B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B; c l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A and B; c l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A , B, and C; c l e r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o l l ; C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ; k e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A and B; o f f i c e b o y s and g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r i e s ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n i o r ; s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ; t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B; and t y p i s t s , c l a s s A and B. T h e i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e d a t a a r e b a s e d on m e n and w o m e n i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s . M e n in the f o l l o w i n g 8 s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e j o b s and 2 u n s k i l l e d j o b s a r e i n c l u d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r data: S k ille d — c a r p e n t e r s ; e l e c t r i c i a n s ; m a c h in is t s ; m e c h a n i c s ; m e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ; p a i n t e r s ; p i p e f i t t e r s ; and t o o l and die m a k e r s ; u n s k i l l e d — j a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ; and l a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s or a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h o u r l y e a r n i n g s w e r e th en m u l t i p l i e d b y e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h o f the j o b s d u r i n g th e p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 19 6 1. T h e s e w e i g h t e d e a r n i n g s f o r i n d i v i d u a l o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e th en t o t a l e d to o b t a in an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p . F i n a l l y , the r a t i o ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e ) o f the g r o u p a g g r e g a t e f o r the o n e y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r the o t h e r y e a r w a s c o m p u t e d and the d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the r e s u l t and 100 is the p e r c e n t a g e o f c h a n g e f r o m the o n e p e r i o d to the o t h e r . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e m e a s u r e , p r i n c i p a l l y , the e f f e c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o th e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in the s a m e j o b ; and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s due t o c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u lt in g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w it h o u t a c t u a l w a g e changes. F o r e x a m p l e , a f o r c e e x p a n s i o n m i g h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a i d w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t i o n and l o w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c t i o n in the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u l d h a v e the o p p o s i t e e f f e c t . S im ilarly, the m o v e m e n t o f a h i g h - p a y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u l d c a u s e the a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s t o d r o p , e v e n th o u gh n o c h a n g e in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a . T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in the da ta. T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a r e not i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s o r in p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s i n c e t h e y a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s . W a g e i n d e x e s f o r s e l e c t e d g r o u p s o f w o r k e r s b a s e d on da ta f r o m the l a b o r m a r k e t s u r v e y s w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r 20 a r e a s b e t w e e n 1953 a nd I 9 6 0 . In 1 9 6 1, the l a b o r m a r k e t o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e p r o g r a m w a s e x p a n d e d t o i n c l u d e 80 S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s w h i c h w i l l b e s u r v e y e d a n n u a lly . T h i s e x p a n s i o n m a d e data a v a i l a b l e f o r the c o m p u t a t i o n o f w a g e i n d e x e s f o r s e l e c t e d j o b g r o u p i n g s in e a c h o f the 80 a r e a s . T h e a b o v e t e x t r e p r e s e n t s the m e t h o d u s e d in c o m p u t i n g t h e s e n e w w a g e c h a n g e i n d e x e s . The new s e r i e s w a s in itiated l a s t y e a r and the da ta a r e n o t c o m p a r a b l e w it h t r e n d s p u b l i s h e d p r i o r t o that t i m e . T h e n e w s e r i e s c o v e r s the s a m e j o b g r o u p i n g s as the e a r l i e r s e r i e s w i t h the f o l l o w i n g e x c e p t i o n s : T h e c l e r i c a l a n d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e g r o u p s , f o r m e r l y r e s t r i c t e d t o w o m e n , n o w i n c l u d e b o t h m e n and w o m e n . Changes w e r e a ls o m ade in the j o b s i n c l u d e d w i t h i n j o b g r o u p i n g s in o r d e r that an i d e n t i c a l l i s t c o u l d be e m p l o y e d in a ll a r e a s . 4 A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1963) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ $ $ $ $ 1 $ s i t $ $ $ $ $ s * Weeklyj Weekly 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 *110.00 115.00 120.00 *125.00 130.00 *135.00 *140.00 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under and 45. 00 50.00 -55^00. 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 Men C lerk s, accounting, c la s s A ----------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------Nonm anufacturing ----- __ — ------- _ 51 30 21 40. 0 $116. 00 40. 0 118. 00 40. 0 113. 00 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 2 i i 3 3 - 4 1 3 8 3 5 5 2 3 7 3 4 3 3 - 6 i 5 6 6 - 3 3 - 2 2 - 36 40. 0 96. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ 9 _ 4 _ 1 _ 9 4 _ 2 _ _ 1 29 20 40. 0 40. 0 62. 00 63. 00 - 5 5 5 1 3 2 5 3 1 1 7 5 2 2 - 1 1 - - ' - - - - - - - - __ ------ 32 21 40. 0 40. 0 111. 50 110. 00 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 5 3 5 5 4 1 6 4 2 1 1 - 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 - Tabulating-m achine o p era tors, cla s s B ________________________________ M anufacturing ------- — — ------- __ _ 62 31 40. 0 40. 0 99. 00 102. 00 - - - - - - - - 7 5 7 4 11 5 17 5 3 - 2 2 4 4 5 5 _ - 1 - _ - 2 1 _ - 3 * _ - - - - - B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) ------- 22 40. 5 74. 50 1 _ 1 1 5 2 3 1 1 2 _ 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. Bookkeeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs, c la s s A ---------------- — — __ — ----------M anufacturing — — __ ------- — — _ Nonm anufacturing ------ — — ----------- 51 19 32 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 74. 00 88. 50 65. 50 - - - - 23 23 - 4 4 6 3 3 6 4 2 4 4 1 1 5 5 2 2 - - - - - _ _ _ B ook keeping-m ach ine o p erators, cla s s B --------------------------------------- ------M anufacturing ____ — — __ __ __ _ Nonmanufacturing ----------— ------ 158 23 135 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 61. 50 73. 50 59. 50 - 19 19 25 2 23 25 25 34 2 32 26 5 21 14 4 10 7 5 2 4 1 3 2 2 * 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - C lerk s, accounting, cla s s A ----------------Nonm anufacturing ------ — __ __ -----Pu blic u tilities 2 --------------------------- 58 47 15 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 88. 00 85. 00 92. 50 _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - 2 2 - 6 6 - 9 8 2 5 5 1 8 8 2 7 6 - 12 9 9 3 3 1 4 - 2 - _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - C lerk s, accounting, cla s s B ----------------M anufacturing ------- __ __ __ __ __ _ Nonmanufacturing ------ — — — — _ 176 61 115 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 66. 50 72. 00 63. 50 _ - 14 2 12 41 7 34 35 7 28 22 9 13 27 16 11 18 7 11 13 8 5 1 1 _ - 5 5 - _ - _ - _ - . - . _ _ _ - _ - _ - - _ - - - - * - C le r k s , file, cla ss A ----------------------------- 16 40. 0 84. 00 _ _ _ _ 3 1 _ _ 1 5 2 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C lerk s, f i l e , c la s s B ___ __ __ __ __ _ M anufacturing _______________________ 104 23 40. 0 40. 0 60.00 67. 50 1 - . - 32 4 35 5 16 3 5 2 6 1 2 2 6 5 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 27 40. 0 66. 00 _ _ _ 8 9 _ 6 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C lerk s, p a yroll _________________________ M anufacturing ------__ __ __ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 106 91 15 40. 0 40. 0 40. 5 82. 50 84. 00 75. 00 - - 2 2 18 14 4 8 7 1 11 9 2 10 10 ' 6 5 1 10 9 1 23 20 3 Z - 1 1 4 4 - 7 7 - 2 2 - 2 2 - - 1 1 - - - - C om ptom eter op era to rs ___ — — — . M anufacturing ---- ------------- ------- ----- 34 33 40. 0 40. 0 91. 00 92. 00 _ _ 1 . 1 1 2 2 4 4 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 1 13 13 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C lerk s, o rd e r __________________________ O ffice boys ______________________________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------Tabulating-m achine o p era tors, M anufacturing — __ __ Women C lerk s, o rd er __________________________ _ - — See footnotes at end of table. - - - 5 Tabic A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women---- Continued (A verage stra ig h t-tim e w eekly hours and e a rn in g s fo r selec te d occupations studied on an a re a b a sis by in d u stry division, South Bend, Ind. , M arch 1963) Sex, occupation, and in d u stry divisio n Number of workers Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF t $ $ $ $ $ j$ 4 5 . 0 0 *50.00 *55.00 *60.00 *65.00 *70.00 *7 5 . 0 0 *80.00 *85.00 90.00 Weekly earnings Weekly 1. 40.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 $125.00 t130.00 s135.00 $140.00 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over W omen— C ontinued D uplicating-m achine o p e ra to rs (M im eograph o r Ditto) ----- — 40. 0 $73. 50 - 1 4 4 3 - 1 1 1 3 4 - 41 40 150 70 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 89. 00 89. 00 70. 50 77.00 . 4 1 “ 15 1 15 1 * 18 3 21 11 1 1 22 14 2 2 19 10 12 12 17 13 6 5 14 11 5 5 1 1 12 12 1 1 Office g irls _____________________________ 26 40. 0 58. 50 4 7 6 4 2 2 2 1 S e c re ta rie s _____ ____ ___ ____ ___ M anufacturing __ ____ ___ N onm anufacturing ___________________ Public u tilitie s 2 ______ — ______ ___ — — _ S ten o g rap h ers, g e n e ra l M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P ublic u tilitie s 2 _________________ S ten o g rap h ers, sen io r _________________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 447 264 183 26 282 187 95 17 144 102 42 _ _ ' 3 3 _ " 2 21 2 21 8 18 46 1 ------ 5~ 27 12 7 19 3 _ 6 1 1 4 1 * 31 31 3 28 7 21 15 4 11 22 3 19 1 41 34 7 1 15 4 11 31 25 10 6 21 19 1 41 25 31 ~ z r ~ 10 2 2 9 19 5 17 2 4 33 18 15 4 25 20 5 2 16 15 1 39 18 21 8 22 14 8 8 13 10 3 S w itchboard o p e ra to rs __ ___ ____ ___ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ S w itchboard o p e ra to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ___ M anufacturing __ ____ __ ____ N onm anufacturing __ _______________ 59 24 35 47 24 23 41.5 40. 0 42. 5 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 68. 00 81.00 59. 00 67. 00 69.00 64. 50 1 - 2 - 7 6 4 3 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 7 3 4 2 2 " - 1 1 - 3 1 2 1 1 T ra n sc rib in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs, g e n e ra l _ __ __ ___ ____ M anufacturing ___ ______ ____ ___ T y p ists, c la ss A _______________________ M anufacturing ___ N onm anufacturing ___ __ __ _ T y p ists, c la ss B _______________________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing __ __ __ __ __ __ 65 35 158 126 32 288 ii 235 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 66. 00 70. 50 81. 50 84. 50 70. 50 60. 00 69. 00 58. 50 - 1 5 1 1 . - 79 3 76 ------ 25 Keypunch o p e ra to rs, c la ss A __________ M anufacturing __ _____ Keypunch o p e ra to rs, c la ss B __________ M anufacturing ____ _______ __ __ _ 40. 0 95. 50 40. 0 105. 00 39. 5 81.50 40. 0 93. 00 40. 0 75. 50 40. 0 79. 00 40. 0 68. 50 40. 0 83. 50 40. 0 87. 50 40. 0 91.50 40. 0 76. 50 _ - 15 15 6 i 3 5 5 10 1 9 17 4 11 11 84 5 79 5 1 4 8 6 2 10 4 3 1 2 65 16 50 1 11 8 3 11 7 17 14 3 23 9 14 1 “ 4 1 1 3 9 6 3 2 4 4 12 10 2 21 ~ 21 10 11 - 16 5 6 4 2 26 21 5 5 2 3 2 2 31 27 4 - - 1 1 - 1 2 2 i - 2 2 1 1 3 3 15 15 2 2 - - - - - - _ _ " “ * _ - _ 33 28 30 — 3 3 1 _ _ _ 5 5 - 17 16 1 1 _ - 11 10 1 1 _ - - - * _ _ - - - 45 36 63 38 ~ z r - -----55^ 7 11 8 2 2 2 15 1 9 14 1 9 1 1 14 16 15 14 14 12 2 3 - - 1 15 15 3 3 2 2 _ - 1 1 * - 7 7 _ - _ - - Standard hours re fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees re c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s and the e a rn in g s c o rresp o n d to th ese w eekly hours. T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and o th e r public u tilitie s . . _ _ 5 2 5 — 2— _ _ - 3 . _ 1 1 * - - * _ - - _ - _ _ - _ _ - - * - - _ _ - _ * _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - - _ - - _ - 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A verage stra ig h t-tim e w eekly h o u rs and e a rn in g s for selec te d occupations studied on an a re a b a sis by in d u stry divisio n, South Bend, Ind., M arch 1963) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF s 1*7000 19000 20000 21Q00 Under 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 *9500 *0000 10500 haoo 11500 *2000 *2500 *3000 *3500 *4000 1*4500 15000 *5500 *6000 under 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 ioaoo 105.00 lia o o 11500 12000 12500 13000 13500 14000 14500 15000 15500 16000 16500 17000 L8000 19Q00 21Q00 22000 OP OO oo Weekly Weekly (Standard) (Standard) oo CS 00 of o '* Average Sex, occupation, and in d u stry divisio n M en D raftsm en , le a d e r ____________ ____ — M anufacturing _________________ ____ D raftsm en , sen io r __ D raftsm en , ju n io r __ _ __ _ ---- _ 33 31 40.0 $177.00 40.0 180.50 “ 245 238 40.0 40.0 142.50 143.50 . 102 99 40.0 40.0 103.50 104.00 6 6 24 23 40.0 40.0 102.00 102.00 i . 4 4 . " - ■ “ 2 ~ “ “ " 2 2 _ _ _ . . 7 5 6 6 7 7 18 14 15 14 15 15 24 24 11 11 46 46 18 18 7 6 4 4 11 9 8 8 17 17 6 6 16 16 5 5 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 1 i 1 3 1 15 15 1 W omen S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 14 14 ' 5 5 3 3 8 8 3 3 - 14 14 14 14 7 7 12 12 7 7 10 10 7 7 3 3 7 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , S ou th B e n d , I n d ., M a r c h 1963) O ccupation and in d u stry division Number of Average weekly 1 (Standard) O ccupation and in d u stry division 23 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la ss A ----------M anufacturing ______________________ — — — 51 19 32 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la ss B _________ N onm anufacturing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ____ __ 159 24 135 $75.00 101.00 113.50 94.00 94.50 253 69 184 71.50 74.00 70.50 C le rk s, file, c la ss A __________________ ___________ 18 85.50 C le rk s, file, c la ss B __ __ ____ __ ____ _________ 104 23 63 18 45 115 98 17 1 2 E a r n in g s r e la t e T ra n s p o r ta tio n , M anufacturing __ ____ ______________________ __ 74.00 88.50 D uplicating-m achine o p e ra to rs 65.50 M anufacturing ---------------- ------------------------------61.50 73.50 M anufacturing _ — _ — ------- — — — — — 59.50 109 41 68 19 _________ __ ______________ Average earnings 1 (Standard) 47 24 23 $67.00 69.00 64.50 27 15 74.00 T ab u lating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la ss A ____________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ 87.50 T abu lating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la ss B ------------------89.00 89.00 T ra n sc rib in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs, g e n e ra l __________ 70.50 77.00 39 26 70 37 65 35 109.50 108.00 98.50 101.50 66.00 70.50 158 126 32 288 53 235 81.50 84.50 70.50 60.00 69 00 58.50 33 31 246 239 104 101 177.00 180.50 142.50 143.50 103.50 104.00 24 23 102.00 102.00 41 40 150 70 60.50 62.50 58.50 M anufacturing _ __________ ________________ Nonm anuf a c tu r ing ___ _________ _______________ P u blic u tilitie s 2 _ ----------------------------------------- 448 264 184 27 95.50 105.00 81.50 95.00 60.00 S ten o g rap h ers, g e n e ra l _________________________ 67.50 N onm anufacturing __ ____ ______________________ 83.50 92.50 80.00 N onm anufacturing ______________— ______ ____ 84.50 85.50 79.50 282 187 95 17 144 102 42 59 24 35 sta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s . Average weekly earnings (Standard) $91.00 Sw itchboard o p e ra to r-re c e p tio n ists _________________ M anufacturing ------- ----------------- -----------------------92.00 Nonm anuf a c tu r ing __ ____ ____ __ ____________ 55 29 26 p a id fo r Number of workers 34 33 M anufacturing __ __ __ __ ____ __ ____ ____ N onm anufacturing _____ _________________________ t o r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s th a t a r e c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . O ccupation and in d u stry d ivisio n O ffice occupations— C ontinued O ffice occupations----Continued Office occupations M anufacturing Number of workers N onm anufacturing _______________ __ ___________ T ypists, c la ss B _ ___________________________________ P ro fe ssio n a l and tech n ical occupations 75.50 D raftsm en , le a d e r ___________________________________ 79.00 68.50 83.50 87.50 91.50 M anufacturing ____ ________ _______ _________ 76.50 68.00 81.00 59.00 8 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an are a basis by industry division , South Bend, Ind., M arch 1963) O ccupation and in d u stry division Number of workers Average hourly j $ 2.00 $ 2.10 earnings and under 2.20 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 - - 3 3 1 1 2 2 7 7 15 15 11 11 8 8 12 12 - 131 131 - ' - - . . . . " . ~ 4 3 1 1 . “ - 18 18 - " . 4 4 3 3 . - 11 11 . ‘ 5 5 - 28 28 - - - - . . - “ 6 6 27 27 1 1 2 2 3 3 - 27 27 1 1 - i i 18 18 2 2 9 9 - - 4 4 - - - E n g in e e rs, sta tio n a ry _________________________ M anufacturing _ ___ ___ _______ __ ____ 27 23 3.10 3.24 3 " . “ 1 1 . F ire m e n , s ta tio n a ry b o iler ____________________ M anufacturing ______________________________ 52 52 2.94 2.94 1 i . . M achine-tool o p e ra to rs, toolroom ____________ M anufacturing _ _____ __ _ __ 66 66 3.05 3.05 . ■ . " . M ach in ists, m aintenance ______________________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 35 35 3.01 3.01 M echanics, autom otive (m aintenance) ______ _ M anufacturing ______________________________ N onm anufacturing __________________________ P u blic u tilitie s 12 __ __ __ . . __ 139 50 89 86 3.10 3.13 3.09 3.10 M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________ 152 1 52 3 .2 4 3 .2 4 0 i le r s ____________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________ __________ P a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e _______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________________ ______ _____ _ 16 16 6 6 3 3 - - - 6 3 3 20 2 18 - - - - - - 16 64 15 49 18 18 - 3 3 3 3 - - - - - 3 18 49 - - - - - _ 2 2 _ _ 12 12 _ 12 12 26 26 7 7 _ “ 4 4 - 15 15 61 61 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 1 _ 4 4 1 1 40 40 9 9 9 9 2 2 1 36 1 36 - - - - n — - 6 6 - - - - ~ 4 4 - 17 17 5 ' - - - 3 3 19 19 2 2 - 119 119 - - 5 . . 4 _ _ “ ■ - " 3 .2 0 3 .2 0 . . . . . . ■ " ~ _ _ _ ■ _ “ 3 .2 8 3 .2 8 245 245 3 .4 7 3 .4 7 M a n u fa c tu r in g . - " 31 31 T ool a n d d i e m a k e r s _________________________________ . ■ S h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ___ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------- " 6 6 . " • 2 2 23 23 _ 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Tran sportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. - - . 3 .3 1 3 .3 1 . " . . 1 48 1 48 . - - - ~ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------- - " ■ 2 .8 0 2 .8 0 26 26 - _ 48 48 3.70 and - - 3 .2 1 3 .2 1 3 20 S 28 27 “ 204 204 3.60 - “ M i l l w r i g h t s ____________________________ ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _ ____ _ __ ___ 3.00 $ 1 1 3.25 3.25 - 2.90 3.50 1 1 187 187 . 2.80 $ 2 2 E le c tric ia n s , m aintenance ____________________ M anufacturing _______ _____ ____ ________ - 2.70 3.40 7 7 - . 2.60 S - $3.20 3.19 " NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.20 3.00 3.10 3.30 3 3 45 44 ■ 2.40 2.50 C a rp e n te rs, m aintenance ___________ ________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------- . $ “ _ _ “ 5 5 13 — . 2 2 " 5 1 21 5 1 21 4 " 5 5 25 25 9 9 19 19 134 134 51 51 9 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e arn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a sis by in d u stry d iv is io n , South Bend, Ind. , M a rch 1963) N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n 12 *5 and in d u stry d iv isio n 3 Average Under $1. 00 $1. 10 $1. 20 $1 .3 0 $1 .4 0 *1. 50 *1. 60 *1. 70 $1. 80 $1 .9 0 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 $3. 10 $3. 20 hourly 2 earnings $ and and 1 . 0 0 under 1. 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1.6 0 1 .7 0 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2 . 1 0 2 . 2 0 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3 . 0 0 3 . 1 0 3 . 2 0 E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (wom pn) N onm anufacturing ____________________ 15 15 $ 1.10 34 4 2 2 6 6 _ _ 1.10 - - 3 3 G uards and w atch m en ________ _________ M anufacturin g ________________________ 202 190 2. 50 2. 57 . - . - - 9 - 3 3 - 1 - 3 3 W atchm en __________ ______ 31 2. 14 - - - - 3 - - 3 457 356 101 2. 27 2. 45 1 .6 0 8 - 2 - 9 - 8 - 6 1 8 - 3 1 21 10 11 J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en) _________________________________ M anufacturin g ________________________ 235 81 1.49 2. 11 1 - 5 138 ' 16 14 4 2 - - - 4 - L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling ___________ M anufacturin g ___ _____ ____________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 428 ZS5 163 2. 56 2. 53 2. 60 - - - 4 4 - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _____ J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m en) ____________________________________ M anufacturin g _____________ ___ __ O rd er f il l e r s __ __ _______________________ M anufacturin g ________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________ __ 198 116 82 2. 55 2. 74 2. 29 _ - P a c k e r s , shipping _______________________ M anufacturin g ___ __ _____ _______ 144 142 2. 58 2. 58 - R e c e iv in g c le r k s _________________________ 70 2. 54 _ Shipping c le r k s ___ _____ __ _____ __ __ 38 2. 55 . - * - - - - - - _ - _ _ 2 - 2 2 2 - . - 8 8 2 2 14 14 2 - - 8 2 4 10 1 18 11 36 17 19 14 7 20 19 23 19 16 15 22 22 12 12 2 - - - - - - 15 - * - \ ~T 5~ 33 33 - - 1 1 - 5 5 - 5 5 - 46 25 21 3 3 - 63 33 30 46 46 - 1 1 _ - 36 36 _ _ - _ - _ - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 15 15 - - - _ _ _ _ 4 3 2 2 _ 4 2 1 3 3 _ ___ _____ __ __ 334 2. 81 N onm anufacturing ____________________ 253 134 2. 87 3. 10 - _ - - - - 1 _ _ _ _ T r u c k d r iv e r s , ligh t (under 11/2 tons) ____________________________ 22 2. 50 - - - - - - 1 - - - - T r u c k d r iv e r s , m ediu m ( I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 tons) _____ __ __ _____ M anufacturin g ___ _____ __ 96 27 2 . 57 1 1 . - _ . - - - - - - - - 40 25 15 37 25 12 101 74 27 5 5 _ - 25 25 - 12 12 21 - . _ - _ 21 9 53 53 - 44 14 30 29 22 7 _ - 30 30 10 10 43 41 39 39 5 5 - - - - 7 ---- 6— 12 8 29 _ 1 _ _ _ 13 1 1 53 44 38 4 8 1 20 12 33 8 8 119 119 _ 2 - - - 5 - 15 21 2 2 - 8 - - 8 10 - 15 6 14 26 12 7 43 - 3 - 14 15 15 9 12 12 34 28 20 20 2.68 - - 8 — Z75~ - 5 5 - 1 - - - 2. 67 _ - - - 244 _ - - 1 1 T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo r k lift) ______________ _ - - 10 1 - - . - - 3 19 - - 1 1 2. 82 106 15 15 9 52 106 92 92 126 HZ - __ 8 8 9 2 2. 88 1 Data lim ite d to m en w o r k e r s e x ce p t w h ere o th e r w is e in d ica ted . 2 E x clu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w eek en ds, h o lid a y s, and late s h ifts . 3 A ll w o rk e rs w ere at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90. * T ra n sp orta tion , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er pu b lic u tilitie s . 5 A ll w o r k e r s w ere at $ 3. 40 to $ 3. 50. 6 In clu d es a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f tr u c k o p e ra te d . 20 20 16 18 15 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 ton s, t r a ile r type) __ __ __ __ ___ ___ _ - 2 2 T r u c k d r iv e r s 6 _____ 2. 66 14 14 23 23 2 12 2 . 3 - 12 21 6 3 12 12 2 5 144 144 2 23 23 8 1 2 5 20 20 _ Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C l a s s A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. B i ll e r , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e )—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. C l a s s B —Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B i ll e r , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h in e )—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C l a s s A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 11 12 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G -C o n tin u e d payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C l a s s B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C l a s s A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. C la ss B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing theitems to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow uporders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. C la ss C —Performs Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 13 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C la ss A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. C l a s s B —Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera' ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY — Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 14 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued C l a s s C —Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C l a s s A —Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D o e s not in c lu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations a n d day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C l a s s B —Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special trailing, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C l a s s A—Performs o n e o r m o re o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. C l a s s B —Performs o n e or m o re o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 15 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a c o m b in a tion o f the f o llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in goodrepair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 16 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a l s o supervise these operations. H e a d or c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. m e n ts e m p lo y i n g m o re than o n e e n g i n e e r are e x c l u d e d . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 17 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m o st o f the f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in die trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the f o llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and- experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the f o l l o w in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose p rim a ry d u t ie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of.mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work i n v o l v e s the f o llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f th e f o llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 18 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in in s t a l l in g a n d types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n it a t io n or h e a tin g s y s t e m s a re e x c lu d e d . TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the f o l l o w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o st o f the f o l l o w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. I n c l u d e s g a t e - m en w h o are s t a t i o n e d at g a t e a n d c h e c k on id e n t it y o f e m p l o y e e s a n d o th e r p e r s o n s e n te r in g . 19 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a co m b in a tio n o f the f o llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and m ay in v o lv e o n e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s w h o a ls o m ake w o o d e n b o x e s or c r a t e s a re e x c lu d e d . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve o n e 'o r more o f the f o l l o w in g : Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. p in g w o rk i n v o l v e s : S h ip A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. L o n g s h o r e m e n , w ho lo a d a n d u n lo a d s h ip s are e x c lu d e d . direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. w ork in v o lv e s : May R e c e iv in g Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. R e c e i v i n g c le r k S h ip p in g c le r k S h ip p in g a n d r e c e iv in g c le r k 20 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r i v e r -s a l e s m e n and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. are e x c l u d e d . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: T r u c k e r , p o w e r (fo r k lift) T r u c k e r , p o w e r (o th e r than fo r k lift) T r u c k d r iv e r (c o m b in a tio n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a t e l y ) T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t (u n d er 1% to n s ) WATCHMAN T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m ( l l/2 to a n d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , tra iler t y p e ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , o th e r than tr a ile r t y p e ) Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Occupational W age S u rveys A l i s t o f the l a t e s t a v a ila b le b u ll e tin s is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . A d i r e c t o r y in d ica t in g d a t e s o f e a r l i e r s t u d i e s , and the p r i c e s o f the b u lle tin s is a v a ila b le u po n r e q u e s t . B u lle tin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m the S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n 25, D. C. , o r f r o m any o f the B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s ho w n on the in s i d e f r o n t c o v e r . B u lle tin num ber P rice 1345-33 1303-57 1345-38 1303-68 1345-46 1 3 4 5 -3 7 1345-44 1 3 0 3 -5 8 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 30 ce n ts 1 3 0 3 -7 5 1 3 4 5 -6 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts O m a h a , N e b r . —Iow a _______________________________ P a t e r s o n —C lif t o n —P a s s a i c , N. J. ________________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . - N . J ....................................................... P h o e n i x , A r i z . _____________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ____________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a in e ___________________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h . __________________________ P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t , R. I . —M a s s . ____________ R a l e i g h , N. C ........................................................................... R i c h m o n d , V a . _____________________________________ 1345-12 1 3 0 3-7 1 1 3 4 5 -3 1 1303-54 1345-40 1345-24 1303-72 1303-66 13 4 5-1 1345-19 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 ce n ts 20 ce n ts R o c k f o r d , 111. _______________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o . —111. ________________________________ Salt L a k e C it y , Utah _______________________________ San A n t o n io , T e x . __________________________________ San B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a lif . _____ San D i e g o , C a l i f . ___________________________________ San F r a n c i s c o —O a kla nd , C a lif . __________________ S avan nah , G a. ______________________________________ S c r a n t o n , P a . ______________________________________ S e a t t le , W a s h . ______________________________________ 1 3 0 3 -6 9 1 3 4 5 -1 7 1345-25 1303-63 1 3 4 5 -9 1 3 4 5 -1 0 1345-34 1 3 0 3 -8 0 1345-5 1345-4 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 15 ce n ts 25 c e n ts S io u x F a l l s , S. Dak. ______________________________ South B e n d , Ind. ___________________________________ S p o k a n e , W a s h . ____________________________________ T o l e d o , O hio _______________________________________ T r e n t o n , N. J. ______________________________________ W a s h in g t o n , D . C . —M d . —V a . ______________________ W a t e r b u r y , Con n. __________________________________ W a t e r l o o , Iow a _____________________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . _____________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . _________________________________ Y o r k , P a . ____________________________________________ 1345-13 1345-52 1 3 0 3 -7 3 1 3 0 3 -4 7 1 3 4 5 -2 9 1345- 16 1 3 4 5 -4 9 1345-20 1 3 4 5 -1 1 1303-82 1 3 4 5 -4 1 20 ce n ts 20 c e n t s 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 c e n t s 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 ce n ts Area B u lle tin number P rice Area A k r o n , O hio _________________________________________ A lb a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N. Y. _______________ A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . ____________________________ A lle n to w n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N. J. ________ A tla n ta, G a. _________________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , Md. ____________________________________ B e a u m o n t—P o r t A r t h u r , T e x . ____________________ B i r m i n g h a m , A la . _________________________________ B o i s e , Idaho ________________________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . __________________________ ___________ 13 0 3-8 1 1 3 0 3 -5 6 1 3 0 3 -6 7 1 3 4 5 -4 5 1 3 0 3 -6 5 1345-23 130 3 -7 8 1 3 0 3 -5 9 1 3 0 3-7 7 1 3 4 5 -1 5 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 20 c e n ts 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts M i a m i , F l a . _________________________________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . ___________________________________ M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M in n. ____________________ M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e ig h t s , M i c h . ___________ N e w a r k and J e r s e y C it y , N. J. ___________________ New H av e n , Con n. __________________________________ New O r l e a n s , L a . __________________________________ New Y o r k , N. Y. __ _________________________________ N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . _____________________________________ O k la h o m a C it y , O kla. _____________________________ B u f f a lo , N. Y. _______________________________________ B u r lin g t o n , Vt. ____________________________________ C a nton, O hio _______________________________________ C h a r l e s t o n , W. V a . _______________________________ C h a r l o t t e , N. C. ____________________________________ C h a t ta n o o g a , T e n n . —Ga. __________________________ C h i c a g o , 111. ________________________________________ C in c in n a t i, Ohio—Ky. ______________________________ C l e v e l a n d , Ohio ____________________________________ C o l u m b u s , O hio ____________________________________ 1 3 4 5 -3 0 1 3 4 5-5 0 1 3 0 3 -6 2 130 3-6 1 1 3 0 3 -6 0 1 3 4 5 -8 1 3 0 3 -6 4 130 3 -5 5 1 3 4 5 -1 4 1 3 4 5 -2 8 25 ce n ts 25 c e n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts D a l l a s , T e x . ________________________________________ D a v e n p o r t —R o c k Island—M o l i n e , Iow a—111. ______ D a y to n , Ohio ________________________________________ D e n v e r , C o l o . ______________________________________ D e s M o i n e s , Iowa _________________________________ D e t r o i t , M ic h . _____________________________________ F o r t W o r t h , T e x . _________________________________ G r e e n B a y , W i s . ___________________________________ G r e e n v i l l e , S. C. __________________________________ H o u s to n , T e x . ______________________________________ 13 4 5-2 1 1 3 4 5 -1 8 1345-35 1345-32 1345-42 1 3 4 5-4 7 1 3 4 5 -2 7 1 3 4 5 -3 1 3 0 3 -7 0 1 3 0 3 -7 9 25 ce n ts 2 5 ce n ts 20 ce n ts 25 c e n ts 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts I n d ia n a p o lis , Ind. _________________________________ J a c k s o n , M i s s . _____________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F la . _________________________________ K a n s a s C it y , M o . —K a ns . _________________________ L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N. H. ______________ L ittle R o c k —N o r t h L ittle R o c k , A r k . ___________ L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a lif . ________________ L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —Ind. _______________________________ L u b b o c k , T e x . ______________________________________ M a n c h e s t e r , N. H. _________________________________ M e m p h i s , T e n n. ___________________________________ 1345-26 1345-43 1 3 4 5 -3 9 1345-22 1 3 0 3 -7 6 1 3 4 5-7 1 3 0 3 -5 3 1 3 4 5 -4 8 1303-74 1 3 4 5 -2 1345-36 25 c e n ts 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 30 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts 25 ce n ts
@FedFRASER