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Occupational Wage Survey SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA JANUARY 1960 Bui etin No. 1265-17 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA JANUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-17 March I9 6 0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissionei For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a g e S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly c o n d u c ts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n te r s. T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t i s a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f th e s tu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in th e m o n th f o llo w in g th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s t u d ie d . T h is b u lle t in p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d a ta n o t in c lu d e d in th e e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a t e d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle t in s u m m a r iz in g th e r e s u lt s o f a ll o f th e y e a r 's s u r v e y s i s i s s u e d a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e f i n a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r th e c u r r e n t r o u n d o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e i n S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . , b y W i l l i a m P . O 'C o n n o r u n d e r th e d ir e c t io n o f J o h n L . D a n a , R e g io n a l W a g e a n d I n d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s A n a ly s t . I n t r o d u c t i o n __________________________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s _________________________________ T a b le s : 1 . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w i t h i n s c o p e o f s u r v e y _______________ 2 . I n d e x e s o f s ta n d a r d w e e k ly s a la r ie s a n d s tr a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , a n d p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s __________________ A : O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A - 1 . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s ______________________________________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s _________________________ A - 3 . M a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s ______________________ A - 4 . C u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ______________ B : E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s :* B - l . S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l s ________________________________________________________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ___________________________________________________________________ B - 3 . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ______________________________________________ B - 4 . P a i d h o l i d a y s __________________ B - 5 . P a i d v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________________________________ B - 6 . H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p l a n s ___________________________ A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ______________________________________________ * N O T E : S i m i l a r t a b u l a t i o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e in t h e S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d a r e a r e p o r t s f o r J a n u a r y o f e a c h y e a r s in c e 1 9 5 0 . M o s t o f th e r e p o r t s a l s o in c lu d e d a ta o n t h e s e o r r e la t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ic a t in g d a te o f stu d y a n d th e p r ic e o f th e r e p o r t s , a s w e ll a s r e p o r t s fo r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le u p on r e q u e s t. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t o n o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r a c t ic e s is a ls o a v a ila b le fo r g r a y ir o n f o u n d r i e s in t h e S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d a r e a ( A p r i l 19 5 9 ) . U n io n s c a l e s , i n d i c a t i v e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s , a r e a v a i l a b le fo r th e fo llo w in g t r a d e s o r in d u s t r ie s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c t io n , p r in t in g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p l o y e e s , a n d m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s an d h e lp e r s . iii 1 4 3 3 5 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 21 Occupational Wage Survey—San Francisco-Oalcland,Calif. Introduction T h is a r e a i s o n e o f s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h th e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s h a s c o n d u c te d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la te d w a g e b e n e fits o n a n a r e a w i d e b a s i s . In t h i s a r e a , d a t a w e r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m is t s 1 to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , 2 c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l it i e s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te ; an d s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s a n d th e c o n s t r u c t io n a n d e x t r a c t iv e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m it t e d a ls o b e c a u s e t h e y f u r n is h in s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d fo r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d o n a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y a t m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e th a n o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s s t u d ie d . In c o m b in in g th e d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d o n th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g t o a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e i n d u s t r y g r o u p in g a n d a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a tio n s a n d E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g a n d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n i s b a s e d o n a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e jo b . (S e e a p p e n d ix fo r lis t in g o f t h e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d ( in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g t y p e s o f o c c u p a t i o n s : ( a ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; ( c ) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (d ) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . 1 D a ta w e r e o b ta in e d b y m a il f r o m s o m e o f th e s m a lle r e s t a b lis h m e n t s f o r w h ic h v i s i t s b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m is t s in th e l a s t p r e v io u s s u r v e y in d ic a t e d e m p lo y m e n t in r e l a t i v e l y f e w o f th e o c c u p a tio n s s t u d ie d . U n u s u a l c h a n g e s r e p o r t e d b y m a il w e r e v e r i f ie d w ith e m p lo y e r s . R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r ly e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s c o p e o f t h e s e s t u d ie s , h a v e b e e n a d d e d in n e a r ly a l l o f th e a r e a s to b e s t u d ie d d u r in g th e w in te r o f 1 9 5 9 -6 0 ; r a ilr o a d s w ill b e a d d e d in th e r e m a in in g a r e a s n e x t y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in t h is a r e a , s e e f o o tn o te to " t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i lit ie s " in ta b le 1. O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e a r n in g s d a ta a r e s h o w n fo r f u ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f ic a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e a n d fo r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h if t s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , b u t c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s a n d in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r te d , a s fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is t o t h e w o r k s c h e d u l e s ( r o u n d e d t o t h e n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a tio n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m e n a n d w o m e n a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w h ic h b o th s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s o f m e n a n d w o m e n in t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s a r e l a r g e l y d u e to (1 ) d i f f e r e n c e s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f th e s e x e s a m o n g in d u s t r ie s a n d e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; (2 ) d if f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f ic d u t ie s p e r fo r m e d , a lth o u g h th e o c c u p a t io n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in th e s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip t io n ; a n d (3 ) d i f f e r e n c e s in le n g t h o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w h e n in d iv id u a l s a l a r ie s a r e a d ju s te d o n th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u ld r e s u l t i n h i g h e r a v e r a g e p a y w h e n b o th s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in th e s a m e r a te r a n g e . Job d e s c r ip t io n s u s e d in c la s s i f y in g e m p lo y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th a n t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to a llo w fo r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo rm e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s tu d y a n d n o t th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , th e e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t m a t e r ia lly a f f e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s a n d S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v is io n s I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d a l s o ( in t h e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) o n s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits a s th e y r e la t e to o f f ic e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c le r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , a n d e x c lu d e s a d m in i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n a n d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s ( in c lu d in g l e a d m e n a n d t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e f u n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , an d p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , a n d f o r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u t iliz e d a s a se p a r a te w o r k fo r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s a n d r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , b u t a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . 2 S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s . T h is in f o r m a t io n i s p r e s e n t e d b o th in t e r m s o f (a ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 3 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to t a l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , a n d (b ) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d o n th e s p e c if ie d s h if t a t th e tim e o f th e s u r v e y . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a j o r it y w a s u s e d o r , if n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r it y , th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o th e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s in w h ic h s o m e la te ^ s h if t h o u r s a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if f e r e n t ia l w a s r e c o r d e d o n ly i f i t a p p lie d to a m a j o r it y o f th e s h if t h o u r s . M in im u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e l a t e o n ly to th e e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d o n a n e s ta b lis h m e n t, r a th e r th a n o n a n e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; a n d h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a ll y o n th e b a s i s th a t t h e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a l l p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r it y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify f o r th e p r a c t ic e s l is t e d . S c h e d u le d h o u r s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a ll y o n th e b a s is th a t t h e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r it y a r e c o v e r e d .4 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s in t h e s e ta b u la tio n s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f th e p a id h o lid a y s t a b le p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o le a n d h a lf h o lid a y s a c t u a lly p r o v id e d . T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b in e s w h o le a n d h a lf h o lid a y s to s h o w t o t a l h o lid a y t i m e . D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s f o r w h ic h a t l e a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t i s b o r n e b y th e e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n a n d s o c i a l s e c u r it y . S u c h p la n s in c lu d e t h o s e u n d e r w r it t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y a n d t h o s e p r o v id e d th r o u g h a u n io n fu n d o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y th e e m p lo y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s id e f o r t h is p u r p o s e . D e a th b e n e f it s a r e in c lu d e d a s a fo r m o f life in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e i s lim it e d to th a t ty p e o f in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ic h p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to th e in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d i s a b i l i t y . I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p l a n s t o w h ic h t h e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h ic h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i li t y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,5 p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f th e e m p lo y e r (1 ) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e th a n i s le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s th e e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e f it s w h ic h e x c e e d th e r e q u ir e m e n t s o f th e l a w .1 T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e lim i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s * w h ic h p r o v id e f u l l .p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f t h e w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r i n g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s . S e p a r a te ta b id a tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1 ) p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e f u ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r io d , a n d (2 ) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a it in g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to th e p r e s e n ta tio n o f th e p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v id e d S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , a n u n d u p lic a te d t o t a l i s sh o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e iv e e ith e r o r b o th ty p e s o f b e n e f it s . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s i s lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g in f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith p a y i s g r a n te d a t th e d is c r e t io n o f th e e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in c o m p u tin g v a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , s u c h a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s , o r f la t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in th e ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts n o t o n a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s th e e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k * s p a y . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x te n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s t h o s e p l a n s w h ic h a r e d e s i g n e d t o p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s a n d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d th e n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, a n d s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . S u c h p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r itte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y b e s e lf-in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e l im it e d to t h o s e p la n s th a t p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n t s f o r th e r e m a in d e r o f th e w o r k e r 's lif e . 3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a p o lic y i f it m e t e it h e r o f th e fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s : (1 ) O p e r a te d la t e s h if t s a t th e tim e o f th e s u r v e y , o r (2 ) h a d f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h if t s . 4 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c t io n o f ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to la t e 1 9 5 7 a n d e a r l y 1 9 5 8 w e r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f th e p r o p o r tio n o f w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f ic e s w ith th e in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s . 5 T h e te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n ia a n d R h o d e I s la n d d o n o t r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . 6 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n if it e s t a b lis h e d a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e th a t c o u ld b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . S u c h a p la n n e e d n o t b e w r it t e n , b u t in f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . 3 TABLE 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , In d u s try d iv is io n M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f stu d y N u m b e r o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in scope of stu d y 3 b y m a jo r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 J a n u a r y I9 6 0 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s S tu d ie d W it h in s c o p e o f s tu d y T o ta l4 S tu d ie d O ffic e P la n t T 6 ta l4 _________________ ____________________________ _ 1 ,1 6 2 259 3 6 6 .2 0 0 9 9 ,0 0 0 1 8 8 ,3 0 0 2 0 0 ,5 8 0 M a n u fa c t u r in g _______________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 _____________________________ ________ W h o l e s a le t r a d e ________________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e __ _______________________________________ F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e _______________ S e r v i c e s 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 - 378 7 84 86 173 1 4 2 ,8 0 0 2 2 3 ,4 0 0 2 5 ,3 0 0 7 3 ,7 0 0 9 2 ,1 0 0 9 6 ,2 0 0 6 4 ,9 6 0 1 3 5 ,6 2 0 101 51 101 51 51 68 246 115 184 171 33 34 46 35 25 7 4 ,8 0 0 3 1 ,5 0 0 4 7 ,2 0 0 4 5 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,9 0 0 1 7 ,5 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 3 5 ,7 0 0 (8) 3 2 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,0 0 0 3 5 ,8 0 0 6 1 ,1 0 0 (8) A ll d iv is io n s 6 5 ,5 9 0 7 ,5 5 0 3 0 ,1 7 0 2 3 ,7 3 0 8 ,5 8 0 1 T h e San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d M e t r o p o l it a n A r e a ( A la m e d a , C o n t r a C o s t a , M a r i n , San F r a n c i s c o , San M a t e o , a n d S o la n o C o u n t i e s ) . T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n ot in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e ( l ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a ll e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 195 7 r e v i s e d e d i t io n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l is h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m the e a r l i e r e d i t io n ( u s e d in th e B u r e a u ’ s la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) a r e the t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l is h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e (w h o l e s a le o r r e t a i l ) to m a n u fa c t u r i n g , a n d the t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s to th e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a ll e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t a t o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i z e li m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , fi n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 R a i l r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c l u d e d . Sa n F r a n c i s c o 's t r a n s i t s y s t e m is m u n i c ip a l ly o p e r a t e d a n d is e x c l u d e d b y d e f in i t io n f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s t u d ie s . 6 E s t i m a t e r e l a t e s t o r e a l e s t a t e e s t a b l is h m e n t s o n ly . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fi t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 8 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g " in the S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a lt h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s in s u f f ic i e n t t o j u s t if y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta . TA B LE 2. I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s in Sa n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a ry I960 and J a n u a ry 1 95 9, and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s In d ex es (J a n u a r y 1953 = 1 00 ) I n d u s t r y a n d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p J an u a ry 1960 Jan u a ry 1959 P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s f r o m ---J a n u a r y 1959 J a n u a r y 1958 J a n u a r y 1957 J a n u a r y 1956 J a n u a r y 1955 J a n u a r y 1954 J a n u a r y 1953 to to to to to to to J a n u a r y I9 6 0 J a n u a r y 1959 J a n u a r y 1958 J a n u a r y 1957 J a n u a r y 1956 J a n u a r y 1955 J a n u a r y 1954 A l l in d u s t r i e s : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( w o m e n ) _ _________________ _______________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) _ _ -------------------------------------S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e ( m e n ) _________________________________ U n s k ille d p la n t (m e n ) _______________________________________ 1 3 2 .8 1 3 9 .9 1 3 6 .0 139. 1 1 2 9 .2 1 3 6 .2 1 3 2 .2 1 3 3 .4 2 .8 2 .7 2 .9 4. 3 4 .8 5 .6 5. 3 5 .9 4 .2 6 .6 5 .9 5 .4 5 .0 6 .4 7 .5 5 .5 4 .8 2 .6 3 .7 4 .4 3 .0 6 .3 2 .4 3 .0 4 .4 4. 3 4. u 6. 1 M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) ____________________________________ I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) _________________________________ S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e ( m e n ) _________________________________ U n s k ille d p la n t ( m e n ) ______ ____________________________ 1 3 2 .5 1 4 1 .3 137. 3 1 3 8 .4 1 2 9 .3 1 3 7 .7 1 3 4 .4 1 3 3 .5 2 .5 2 .6 2 .2 3 .7 5. 1 5 .6 5. 1 6 .9 4 .2 6 .5 6 .4 5. 5 4. 7 7 .0 8 .5 6 .0 5 .4 2 .6 4. 1 4. 3 2 .4 6 .2 2 .2 4 .2 4. 5 5. 1 4 .0 4 .2 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 are indexes of sa la rie s of office c le rica l w orkers and industrial n u r se s, and of average earnings of selected plant w orker groups. F or office c le r ic a l w orkers and industrial n u r se s, the indexes relate to average w eekly sa la rie s for norm al hours of w ork, that is , the standard work schedule for which straigh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid. F or plant w orker groups, they m easu re changes in stra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs, excluding prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eek ends, holidays, and late sh ifts. The- indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include m ost of the n u m erically im portant jobs w ithin each group. The office c le r ic a l data are based on w om en in the follow ing 18 jobs: B ille r s, m achine (billing m achine); bookkeepingm achine op erators, cla ss A and B; C om ptom eter operators; c le rk s, file , c la ss -A and B; c le rk s, order; cle rk s, payroll; key-punch operators; office girls; secr eta ries; sten ograp h ers, general; sw itchboard opera tors; sw itchboard o p erator-recep tio n ists; tabulating-m achine operators; tran scrib in g-m ach in e op erators, general; and ty p ists, cla ss A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on wom en industrial n u rses. Men in the follow ing 10 sk illed m aintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker data: Skilled-— carpenters; electricia n s; m ach in ists; m echanics; m ech an ics, autom otive; m illw righ ts; painters; p ip efitters; sh eet-m eta l w orkers; and tool and die m akers; unskilled-— ja n itors, p o rters, and clean ers; la b o rers, m aterial handling; and w atchm en. A verage w eekly sa la rie s or average hourly earnings w ere computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sa la rie s or hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the average of 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the job. T hese w eighted earnings for individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupa tional group. F inally, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the a gg reg atefor the b ase period (su rvey m onth, w inter 1952-53) w as computed and the resu lt m u ltiplied by the b ase year index (100) to get the index for the given year. A djustm ents have been m ade w h ere n e c e ssa r y to m aintain com parability. F or exam p le, in m ost of the areas su rveyed , railroad s w ere included in the coverage of the su rveys for the fir s t tim e this year. In com puting the in d exes, data relatin g to the railroad industry w ere excluded. The indexes m ea su re, p rin cip ally, the effects of (l) gen eral sa la ry and w age changes; (2) m erit or other in cr ea ses in pay received by individual w orkers w h ile in the sam e job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, fo rce exp an sion s, fo rce red u c tion s, and changes in the proportion of w ork ers em ployed by esta b lish m en ts w ith different pay le v e ls. Changes in the labor force can cause in cr ea ses or d ec rea se s in the occupational averag es without actual w age changes. F or exam ple, a force expansion m ight in crea se the proportion of low er paid w ork ers in a sp ecific occupation and r e sult in a drop in the averag e, w h ereas a reduction in the proportion of low er paid w orkers would have the opposite effect. The m ovem ent of a high-paying estab lish m en t out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area estab lish m en ts. The u se of constant em ploym ent w eights elim in ates the effects of changes in the proportion of w orkers rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard w ork sched ules or in prem ium pay for overtim e, sin ce they are based on pay for stra ig h t-tim e h ou rs. Indexes for the period 1953 to 1959 for w ork ers in 17 m ajor labor m arkets appeared in BLS B u ll. 1240-22, W ages and R elated B en efits, 20 Labor M arkets, W inter 1958-59. 5 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is by in d u s t r y d iv is io n , San F r a n c i s c o — a k la n d , C a li f. , J a n u a ry I9 6 0 ) O Average Sex, occupation, and industry division N ber um of NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— 1 Weekly. Weekly. Under hours earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 45 00 $ 5 .0 0 4 and under 50. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 85.00 90.00 95. 00 105.00 n o 55.00 I Q aM 65.00 -70.00- 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.0 0 105.00 115 100.00 100.00 110.00 .00 $ 115 $ .00 120 .00 .00 120 .00 125 .00 $ 125.00 and over Men C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A ____ ______ _________ Manufacturing _________________________________ _____ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ ____ ______ Public utilities 2__________________________________ W holesale trade _________________________________ Finance 3 --------------------------------------------------------------- 729 440 289 C le rk s , accounting, cla s s B _______ __ _____________ Manufacturing __ ____________ ___________________ Nonmanufacturing __ __ Public utilities 2 _________________________________ 329 155 174 67 C le r k s , order Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade _________________________________ ltd C le r k s , payroll ___ __________________________ ______ M anufacturing _______________________ _____________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ Public utilities 2 _ 100 93 70 877 617 567 162 ------55“ 97 53 .0 $101 00 102 So .0 99 00 .0 106 50 .0 99 50 .0 87 00 39 5 91 00 94 00 39 5 39 0 89 00 97 50 40 .0 103 00 39 .5 3< .5 ) 111 50 40 .0 99.,50 40 .0 100 .,00 39 . 5 3$ .5 39 .5 40 _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - 10 1 1 1 _ _ _ - _ _ " _ _ _ - _ - .00 ,00 _ - _ - 1 1 .0 103,.50 114. 96. 103.. 50 _ - _ - 38 . 5 .5 38 39 .5 38 63., 50 65..So 63. 72..50 ..50 _ _ - 19 3 2 65 1 48 74 14 47 .00 ,00 93. ,00 _ _ _ _ - - . _ - - 651 224 427 80 224 Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A ____________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ 137 93 Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s B ____ __ __ Manufacturing __________________ ______ ________ ____ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ Public u t ilit ie s 2 F in a n ce3 __ _________ ________ __ _ 571 204 367 82 189 39, 39,rs39, 39, 38,.5 95., 50 91. 50 96, 50 82. 50 _ - _ - Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s C _____________— Nonmanufacturing F in a n ce3 ____ ___ __ ____ __ _ __ __ _ 223 129 39.,0 3<). 39,,0 80. 7$. 72. 00 5o 00 _ - _ - 2 2 2 B ille r s , m achine (billing m achine) Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ 238 l96 39.,5 39.,5 8 7 . So 87. 50 _ _ _ - - - - B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) Nonmanufacturing ...... . . . . . . . Retail trade 209 rss 142 39.,5 40. 40.,0 72. 00 72. So 72. 50 _ _ _ 17 - - _ W .0 .0 39,.0 39,. S .0 .0 .0 ,6 ,00 60 108. 105. 16 - 142 38 104 - _ - 7 7 _ _ - 3 32 rr- 1 2 2 — 16 - ~ 13 23 - -------13 18 13 13 _ - 3 2 2 1 1 11 1 10 60 99 24 75 9 47 33 _ _ - 122 O ffice boys _____________________________________________ ___________ _ __ _______ __ M anufacturing __ _ Nonmanufacturing ____ ________ ________ ______ Public u t ilitie s 2 __ _____________________________ Finance 3 m 10 10 _ _ _ _ - ' 39 S9 .5 39 39 40 38 - 105 45 36 16 20 41 7 34 90 57 33 2 18 19 58 17 41 64 28 36 54 n r36 36 4 57 52 2 6 5 13 25 8 17 3 2 29 11 8 18 51 16 35 4 18 42 23 19 4 4 136 28 108 101 25 3 22 22 132 16 116 106 11 6 106 64 42 11 15 11 58 35 23 15 15 7 96 28 20 68 67 11 3 8 8 8 22 l6 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ 40 27 12 _ _ _ - - - - 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 27 22 16 20 9 9 43 89 41 48 40 — W 41 50 33 4 25 4 - 38 5 7 131 51 80 13 48 14 14 12 32 32 31 26 14 10 12 8 28 25 17 17 7 34 30 43 43 38 37 4 21 103 94 80 13 13 13 2 _ - 35 - _ - 27 27 21 21 21 45 45 43 8 2 2 8 2 35 52 7 45 3 42 62 29 33 7 26 22 14 - 27 18 9 4 13 13 - _ _ 1 1 71 5 7 - 65 65 58 35 23 23 - _ _ 12 6 6 18 18 1 6 5 5 56 44 38 7 7 7 - 7 6 61 8 113 74 39 25 13 - 5 5 3 - 18 18 ~ — 12 107 50 73 ------ 3 l“ 34 17 5 3 23 4 4 17 6 10 1 45 13 32 17 ~T 12 2 _ - 18 18 - 4 4 4 76 36 40 40 20 12 56 36 58 43 15 9 2 - 2 2 - 92 4 52 40 36 16 25 T 23 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 19 12 11 19 4 15 - 9 _ 9 5 - _ - _ - _ - 2 16 7 3 516 _ _ _ _ - 16 * 12 1 1 12 TT 2 - 2 7 4 4 2 - - - _ - 14 6 47 47 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 _ _ , - _ _ - - - ~ 30 2 1 - W om en ,6 10 10 12 1 12 12 6 12 41 23 6 -------- 5“ 3 5 8 - 10 7 7 3 2 16 2 2 1 1 S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le . N O T E :' E s t im a t e s f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s , n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g , and p u b lic u t ilit ie s in c lu d e data f o r r a il r o a d s (SIC 4 0 ), o m it t e d f r o m the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e f o r e the w in te r o f 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . W h e r e s ig n ific a n t , the e ff e c t o f th e in c lu s io n o f r a i l r o a d s i s g r e a t e s t on the data sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly fo r the p u b lic u t ilit ie s d i v is i o n . T h e t r e n d o f e a r n in g s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s in a ll in d u s t r ie s , e x clu d in g r a i l r o a d s , a p p e a r s in ta b le 2 , p. 3. 6 _ - - _ _ 6 Table A-1. Office Occupatbns-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , San F ra n cis co — Oakland, C a lif. , January I960) N U M B E R OF W ORKERS RECEIVING STRAIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARNING S OF— Avebaok S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers W eekly. W eekly . U n der hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) 4 5. 00 $ $ 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 an d u n d er 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 S, 6 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 * 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 ! o 5 . 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over W o m e n — C on tin u ed _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - ~ - - - 6 5 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 - 23 23 23 182 182 182 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 8 7 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 _ - - - - - - 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 7 3 . 50 8 2 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 7 8 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 _ - 6 6 _ 6 3 9 .0 _ 67 67 _ 67 3 8 .5 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ _____ _______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______ __________ __ _____ W h o le s a le t r a d e __ __ 259 125 134 86 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 $ 8 7 . 50 8 $ .5 o 8 6 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________ ___ ______________ W h o le s a le tr a d e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ R e t a il t r a d e _____ __ _ _ _ __ _ F in a n c e 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,6 8 1 l6 6 1 ,4 9 5 256 52 1 ,1 4 1 4 0 .0 3 $ .o 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ____________________________ _____ ______ __ ______ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * __ _______ __ __ __ W h o le s a le tra d e R e t a il t r a d e ________ __ _______ __ ____________ __ F in a n c e 3 ____ _____ __ __ _________ __ _____ __ 847 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ _______ _____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * __ _______________ ____ ____________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________________________ R e t a il tr a d e __ _ _ F in a n c e 3 _ _ _ tu 613 92 151 121 144 2 .1 0 6 458“ 1 ,6 3 8 340 187 301 678 W 7o~ - C le rk s , file , c la s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g _ __ ____ __ __ __________ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________ __ __ __ _ F in a n c e 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 412 73 339 68 183 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 7 6 .5 0 8 3 .5 6 7 5 .0 0 8 6 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 C le r k s , file , c la s s R ___ __ _ __ _ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ________ ___ .... _____ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________ __ _ P u b lic u t il it i e s * _ ___ _ _____ ___ W h o le s a le t r a d e __ __ _ ____ __ __ R e t a il tr a d e ....... F in a n c e 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ,3 3 4 146 2 ,1 8 8 227 142 159 1 ,5 1 9 3 8 .5 3 $ .0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 5 8 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 7 5 . 50 5 9 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 C le rk s , o rd e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ _ _ ____ R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------- 322 ------- T o T 217 74 4 0 .0 4 o.O 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 1 .0 0 " 8 7 .0 6 " 7 8 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 _ - 3 9 .0 3 $. 6 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 8 7 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 _ - C le r k s , p a y r o ll .............. _ _ __ _ .... M a n u fa ctu r in g ______________ ___ ________________ ______ ___ ______ __ __ N on m a nufa ctu r in g _ __ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * --------------------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e __ _ — _____ __ R e t a il tr a d e _ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___________ See footnotes at end o f table, 828 380 448 105 93 103 W .6 20 20 13 7 7 1 77 56 21 13 32 10 22 6 58 41 17 14 12 10 2 “ 30 30 26 10 8 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 13 13 13 - - - - 295 295 13 277 431 3 428 12 10 401 267 19 248 38 7 182 184 27 157 90 2 59 115 31 84 46 17 16 116 59 57 44 9 1 41 22 19 13 6 4 3 1 _ 7 7 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 16 15 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 33 33 1 32 40 40 1 25 7 7 53 53 3 28 10 137 33 104 15 13 21 9 131 29 102 10 40 16 24 123 44 79 8 12 16 19 124 18 106 18 31 22 25 61 31 30 8 11 3 8 59 39 20 8 4 8 37 18 19 5 13 1 - 23 ii 10 2 6 2 - 25 8 17 13 _ 1 2 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - 89 89 89 85 85 17 68 253 22 231 42 13 33 124 478 41 437 57 19 185 137 394 54 340 47 23 31 178 239 111 128 31 24 29 40 260 63 197 69 87 16 22 134 91 43 11 21 4 2 64 35 29 14 3 12 30 6 24 23 - 41 35 6 6 _ 25 2 23 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 6 6 _ 6 6 6 6 35 35 2 19 40 40 11 11 65 6 59 9 46 53 20 33 4 25 66 11 55 10 35 43 43 2 11 10 10 6 3 47 31 16 9 9 5 4 4 7 7 1 6 7 7 1 6 2 2 2 - 16 _ 16 16 - _ _ _ _ - - 390 483 483 3 28 3 449 528 16 512 22 56 12 30 3 434 50 384 34 24 118 191 159 111 43 -------- 136 12 25 14 85 92 51 i 2 38 36 23 _ 8 4 32 2 30 30 _ _ 58 23 35 29 2 _ 29 6 23 23 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 _ 9 9 8 _ 8 8 26 26 13 32 3 24 11 32 6 26 26 51 10 41 2 3 3 - 2 18 9 9 3 - 33 11 22 4 10 76 20 56 2 31 97 54 43 2 - 390 6 2 382 _ - _ - - - - - - 2 2 - 4 16 j- 6 26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 64 18 46 “ 38 28 10 5 16 11 5 9 9 - _ _ - 6 6 - 6 _ 6 - _ _ - - 15 9 6 - " 10 _ 10 - 171 84 87 26 134 65 69 18 16 61 29 32 49 33 16 68 12 7 9 9 - _ - 3 3 - 95 ------I T 64 8 12 9 22 11 8 7 4 4 - 26 42 23 18 9 3 6 6 - 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a li f. , J a n u a ry I9 6 0 ) Avkkaqk S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly. Weekly . hours 1 earnings (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— U nder $ 4 5 .0 0 *4 5 .0 0 *5 0 .0 0 *5 5 .0 0 *6 0 .0 0 * 6 5 .0 0 an d u n d er 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 $ $ $ 7 0 .0 0 * 7 5 .0 0 * 8 0 .0 0 * 8 5 .0 0 * 9 0 .0 0 * 9 5 .0 0 f o o . o o 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 5 .0 0 *2 and 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 191 lit 74 4 35 25 - 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over W om e n — C on tin u ed C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s __________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __________ _______ — — N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * _ ___________________ _________ W h o le s a le t r a d e __ _________ __ __ ___ __ R e t a il tr a d e ______ _________ _ __ _______ F in a n ce 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (M im e o g r a p h o r D itto ) ___ _ ____ __ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g _ __________ ____ ______ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________ K eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s _______________________ ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________ _______ ______ _ _______ _ ___ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ _______ __ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 ____ _ ____ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _________________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _ _ _______ _______ _______ ___ __ O ffi c e g i r l s ________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _____ __ — __ _____ __ __ _ __ ___ __ __ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ _____ ___ P u b lic u t ilit ie s a __ __ __ ______ _____ __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ___________________________________ ' F in a n c e 3 _ ___ _____ _____ ___ ___________ __ _ 928 192 288 319 100 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 $ 8 0 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 9 2 .0 0 7 8 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 _ . _ - - 191 94 97 3 9 .5 5 9 .5 3 9 .0 7 1 .0 0 "7 3 7 5 0 6 8 .0 0 3 3 - 2 .3 1 8 597 1 ,7 2 1 483 232 100 799 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 7 6 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 _ _ - 3 9 .0 5 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 6 0 .5 0 6 5 . 50 5 7 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 _ - 3 9 .0 1 ,4 1 4 ~4&0 409 r s ir 249 33 51 106 . 140 19 121 8 42 54 17 268 89 179 4 52 102 17 2 47 95 152 10 65 50 15 183 67 116 14 46 55 16 60 ii 47 12 17 16 1 1 - 4 4 37 37 35 22 13 55 41 14 27 10 17 15 13 2 2 2 2 30 30 _ _ 30 206 3 20 3 6 _ 197 219 57 162 27 12 3 120 381 134 247 28 33 2 171 286 63 223 40 56 44 79 386 105 281 37 55 35 122 - 38 2 36 6 28 84 10 74 6 40 120 64 56 10 5 25 57 14 43 12 18 9 39 16 23 4 14 2 39 30 9 5 2 1 16 9 7 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - 19 19 19 30 4 26 9 1 - 238 117 “ 1“ ------53 175 116 4 11 25 2 19 40 34 S e c r e t a r ie s . .... _ _ _ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g 1., r .. , N on m a n u fa ctu rin g __ _______ ____ __ __ ____ _ P u b lic u t il it i e s * ________ _______________ ___ ______ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ __ R e t a il t r a d e ________________________________ ________ _ ___ ________________ _ _______ ______ F in a n c e 3 4 .3 1 5 l [6 16 2 ,7 0 5 400 484 258 1 ,1 6 8 —W .T ~ 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 9 1 .5 0 95750" 8 9 .5 0 9 7 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 - - - - - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l _ ______ __ __ ____ ______ __ M anufa c t ur in g ____ __ ________ _________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ___ ___ ___ _________ __ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________ __ ____ — _ R e t a il t ra d e . F in a n c e 3 _ ___ __ __ __ __ ______ _ _____ 4 ,0 4 2 i,h r 3 9 .0 3975“ 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 8 0 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 7 6 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 _ - 1 1 1 11 11 11 50 50 10 40 203 18 185 27 16 4 100 52 3 101 422 95 8 8 165 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l _________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ P u b lic u tilitie s * ________ _ __ __ __ 243 8 3 .5 0 8 2 .0 0 1 0 6 .5 0 _ - _ - 9 9 - 1 1 - 18 18 " 28 35 4 0 .0 4 6 .6 4 0 .0 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ____________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ __ _ ____ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________________ P u b lic u t il it i e s * ____________ ________ _____ W h o le s a le tr a d e ___ _____ _____ R e t a il tr a d e ............... F in a n ce 1 ,0 0 4 208 796 140 58 122 243 3 9 .0 5 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 7 5 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 7 8 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 3 3 _ 1 1 7 7 - - 1 7 253 1 252 5 3 5 58 S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . 2 ,6 8 8 648 392 80 1 ,1 3 7 w r - 3 - 498 360 68 45 27 202 - 151 34 117 96 6 15 66 27 39 31 8 - 43 21 22 9 13 - 16 16 16 - . . _ . - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - 173 70 103 22 12 14 52 200 89 111 6 36 1 24 260 49 211 188 10 _ 2 98 6 92 79 12 1 - 21 5 16 16 _ 56 16 40 40 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - * - - 6 6 - 5 4 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - _ - - - - - - - - 102 ■§ ? 45 8 11 3 8 182 86 96 39 11 1 31 58 43 15 3 10 1 - 125 6o 65 34 14 1 12 - 9 -------- T - 5 ---------5” - - - 482 722 T5T“ ■ "232” 330 490 38 33 28 47 46 53 203 292 698 Z5o“ 448 54 131 50 195 512 172 340 47 80 39 131 413 lt 2 241 61 58 13 97 357 154 203 41 28 18 94 309 T51T 141 27 41 12 31 815 189 , 626 80 131 16 312 697 z tir i 429 86 85 15 182 408 213 195 33 38 5 90 336 168 168 78 30 1 30 228 105 63 23 3 4 118 86 32 14 14 1 * 95 42 53 47 2 ' 12 6 6 5 - 45 2 43 42 - 2 2 - _ - 16 "5 " - 4 4 - 9 7 - 7 5 5 46 34 10 16 13 9 2 2 2 8 8 8 - - 52 37 15 9 2 2 2 62 31 31 27 1 2 1 38 23 11 4 8 1 7 5 2 30 30 30 - . - - - - - - 50 38 • * 29 29 1 127 14 113 11 6 14 62 212 26 186 19 9 77 61 89 31 58 14 10 9 25 - 122 52 70 9 21 13 17 128 ib 6 - - - 8 Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , San F r a n c i s c o — a k la n d , C a li f . , J a n u a ry I 9 6 0 ) O Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— U nder W eekly^ Weekly earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 4 5 .0 0 $ $ 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 $5 5 .0 0 and u n d er 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 $8 5 . 00 $9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 $7 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 91 39 52 26 18 179 59 120 52 34 194 91 103 2 79 20 115 45 70 _ 48 4 65 35 30 2 19 - 51 18 33 10 12 3 29 29 24 5 52 28 24 2 22 88 41 47 6 41 140 34 106 63 25 56 16 40 4 34 _ - 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over W o m e n — C o n tin u ed _ - ! 1 _ 1 16 11 4 7 _ 1 - - _ - _ - _ - - - " 23 23 10 13 _ - _ - " 27 19 19 21 15 12 18 15 14 25 17 14 4 4 2 4 4 1 - - 8 8 8 10 ’ 10 10 69 1 68 13 50 118 118 31 74 156 28 128 30 91 234 96 138 52 74 77 32 45 30 2 28 27 12 7 5 - 80 58 22 6 2 8 104 36 68 39 3 11 55 28 27 17 6 _ 7 3 4 2 2 _ S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s M a n u fa ctu r in g N on m a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _ W h o le s a le tra d e F in a n c e 3 _ _ 772 5oF" 466 31 253 97 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 $ 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 9 0 ,5 0 7 4 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _ _ _ _ _ 447 143 304 139 140 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 8 5 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 8 4 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ____ _________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _ _ __ 104 76 62 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 7 2 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 - T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________________________ F in a n c e 3 731 169 562 144 371 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 7 4 . 50 7 8 .5 0 7 3 . 50 7 3 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 - T y p is t s , c l a s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________________ _ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ _ F in a n c e 3 _ ____________________________________________ 1 ,5 8 2 345 1 ,2 3 7 200 96 818 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 7 4 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 6 6 6 4 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 T y p is t s , c l a s s B _ _ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g ___________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e _ ____ R e t a il tr a d e __________________________________________ F in a n ce 3 ______________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 ,4 6 7 3 9 .0 ------ 643“ ■ " * 9 7 5 ' 3 9 .0 2 ,8 1 9 156 3 9 .5 2 58 3 9 .5 90 4 0 .0 2 ,1 2 0 3 8 .5 _ ~ 16 16 _ 6 14 14 14 19 19 19 92 92 1 _ 91 177 4 173 25 _ 144 307 32 275 35 16 173 339 40 299 23 46 201 211 76 135 17 14 97 17 17 17 71 71 71 330 1 329 6 19 304 631 24 607 34 36 14 52 3 975 174 801 38 52 39 534 666 456 113 343 18 87 5 217 204 107 97 9 10 20 58 - 168 498 20 42 11 388 16 28 134 ------53“ 81 3 13 54 50 29 21 8 4 1 8 10 34 5 -------V 5 29 5 12 _ 17 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 17 4 2 2 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tk ~ 2 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - 5 2 “ - - - - - 5 5 2 - 6 3 3 _ 3 1 _ 1 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 2 _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ - 2 _ 2 _ 2 66 13 9 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s an d the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 22 at $ 1 2 5 to $ 1 3 5 ; 6 at $ 1 3 5 to $ 1 4 5 ; 24 at $ 1 4 5 and o v e r . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 9 at $ 1 2 5 to $ 1 3 5 ; 1 at $ 1 3 5 to $ 1 4 5 ; 6 at $ 1 4 5 and o v e r . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 4 at $ 1 2 5 to $ 1 3 5 ; 7 at $ 1 3 5 t o $ 1 4 5 ; 1 at $ 1 4 5 and o v e r . 37 6 — 31 29 - 5 5_ _ _ -----35 33 2 1 1 _ _ _ 20 -------- 5” 14 14 _ _ _ - - - - - - 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a lif. , J a n u a ry I9 6 0 ) Average S ex , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly Weekly U n d er hours 1 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 75. 00 M en $ 75. 00 and und er 80. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 100 .00 105. 00 110 .00 1 15 .00 90. 00 95. 00 - 8 5. 00 - 100.00 105.00 1 1 0 .00 115 .00 1 20 .00 $ 120 .00 $ 125 .00 130 .00 135 .00 125 .00 $ D r a ft s m e n , le a d e r ________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________________ 119 72 39. 5 40. 0 133. 50 1 3 3 .5 0 - - D r a ft s m e n , s e n i o r ________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g .... . _ . N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __________ _________________________ 491 321 170 58 4 0. 40. 40. 40. 119. 121. 117. 109. 50 00 00 50 5 5 5 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 12 2 2 14 14 - D r a ft s m e n , ju n io r ________________________________ ________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ___________ ________ _________________ 187 120 67 4 0. 0 40. 0 40. 0 94. 50 97. 00 - 14 3 11 25 24 1 28 12 16 45 13 32 143 113 40. 0 39. 5 96. 50 97. 50 2 24 22 32 27 15 0 0 0 0 90. 00 $ 130.00 $ $ 1 40.00 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .Ou 155.00 and over 9 12 1 2 31 42 19 23 2 6 11 9 5 1 6 4 2 - 2 2 - - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ . _ 9 3 8 3 46 40 21 16 5 5 29 22 7 6 111 79 32 17 54 26 28 1 55 55 - 24 20 ~ 68 22 46 5 - - 19 17 2 25 24 1 5 3 2 13 13 - 11 10 1 1 1 - 1 1 15 10 12 8 11 15 14 9 9 _ 1 “ $ 150 .00 155. 00 8 - - $ 4 - 3 $ 135 .00 140 .00 145 .00 24 - 15 15 5 2 4 2 * W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ... _ ................ .. ............. 2 1 . S tandard h ou'rs r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . NOTE: See note on p. 5 , r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . s t r a ig h t - t im e 9 9 5 5 s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d t o th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 10 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations •by (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is in d u s tr y d iv is io n , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a li f, J an u a ry I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Average hourly f U n d er earnings 1 $ ' 2 .2 0 C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n ce _______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ............ ........................................ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 ................................................... 358 257 101 33 $ 3 . 05 2. 98 3 .2 0 2. 95 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n ce ................................... ..... M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________ ______________ 663 509 3. 09 3. 09 E n g in e e r s , s ta t io n a r y __ ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ______________________ _____ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g .............. ...................................... R e t a il tr a d e _______ _____________________ 607 346 261 52 3. 3. 2. 2. F ir e m e n , s ta t io n a r y b o i l e r .............. ........................ M a n u fa ctu r in g .............. ........................ .................. 88 67 2. 62 2. 71 H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n ce _________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________ 941 712 2 . 51 2 . 55 2 “ M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________ 312 312 3. 08 3 . 08 M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n ce _____________ __________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ...................................... N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________ 1,451 1,327 124 M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o tiv e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ___ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 .................................................. $ • 2. 20 and un d er 2. 30 $ $ 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 .2 ,5 0 $ 2 . 50 2. 60 4 4 $ , 2 . 60 2. 70 $ 2. 70 $2. 80 2. 80 2. 90 $ $ 2. 90 3. 00 3. 00 3. 10 $ 3. 10 3. 20 $ $ 3. 20 3 .3 0 $ 3. 40 3 .4 0 3. 30 3. 50 $ 3. 50 3. 60 $ 3. 60 3. 70 $ 3. 70 3. 80 8 4 4 4 6 6 - 7 5 2 - 51 51 - 150 133 17 12 43 29 14 14 15 12 3 3 4 3 1 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 64 20 44 - - - - 12 12 5 5 90 89 144 130 123 “ Too 152 50 6 6 72 71 2 2 22 22 1 - . 54 54 - 49 3 46 - 25 1 24 6 41 11 30 2 80 52 28 27 84 69 15 " 78 78 - 32 32 4 4 3 2 2 - 16 16 6 82 82 - - 59 48 11 8 10 9 13 13 10 9 11 8 9 9 - - - - - - - 4 4 - - 15 15 - 29 - 43 15 2 50 85 542 537 8 8 41 41 26 26 - - - - - - - - - " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 7 85 85 165 165 34 34 - - 21 21 _ 3. 09 3. 10 2 . 99 _ - - - 1 1 - ■ 4 4 - 90 89 1 344 306 38 240 517 513 4 154 154 - 42 42 80 936 194 742 650 3. 3. 3. 3. 02 04 01 00 - - - - 35 35 35 - 4 2 2 2 34 20 14 4 141 37 104 61 622 78 544 508 59 32 27 10 34 20 14 10 M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n ce _________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g .... ......................................................... N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________ 979 877 102 3. 05 3. Ub 2. 97 " - - 6 6 18 8 10 - 37 37 " 221 198 23 110 93 17 210 210 - 111 " 'i l l ■ O il e r s __________ ____ _______________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ......................................................... ..... 212 159 2 . 52 2 .5 1 - 17 17 24 24 40 40 72 19 53 53 - 6 6 - - - - “ P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n ce ............................................... M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ____________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 .................................................. 3 00 176 124 34 2. 2. 2. 2. ~ - - 26 26 - 5 5 5 21 21 - 6 b - 73 59 14 14 80 77 3 _ 24 10 14 14 9 6 1 1 l P ip e fit t e r s , m a in te n a n ce ........................................... M a n u fa ctu r in g ......... ............................................... 384 354 2. 96 2. 96 . _ . - - 1 - - - ~ 6 6 47 46 253 225 64 64 3 3 S h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a in te n a n ce ___________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 66 59 2. 93 2. 93 - - 2 2 33 32 20 16 4 2 7 7 T o o l and d ie m a k e r s __________ _____ _____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ o*±4 642 3 .4 7 3 .4 7 _ . - 2 - 3. 80 and over - 3 - $ - See note on p. 5 , - - - - - - 1 ' - - 97 97 96 87 - - . - 01 16 81 98 - - 14 1 _ r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . 4 . h o lid a y s , - - - ~ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r t im e and f o r w orK on w e e k e n d s , 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . NOTE: - - _ - _ and la te _ sh ifts . - _ 160 ' - - 27 22 1 1 “ - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - ■ ■ 12 12 ■ 24 2* ■ 8 8 " ■ 15 15 ~ 7 5 2 - " - - “ - 2 00 i"T 5 8 ■ ■ 42 4 4 " 62 62 ~ - ■ - - - - - - - - - " “ " - 2 ' - 54 14 40 _ " " ■ - - - - ■ ■ " 10 10 - - ■ * - " “ ■ 49 ~49 580 5t>0 9< 9? 49 49 10 10 34 - - " - 23 23 - - - " - - 34 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, San Francisco— Oakland, C alif., January I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Average hourly 2 U n der ! . 40 earnings and $ u n d er 1. 40 1. 50 ! . 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 70 1. $ 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 1 . 00 1 . 10 1 . 20 $ 30 2. $ 2. 40 50 1 . 60 1 . 70 1 .8 0 1 90 S. 1 . 60 2. 30 _ 2 . 40 2. 50 2 .6 0 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 1. 70 1 . 80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 _ 12 0 12 0 _ ! 2 2 12 g 79 71 3 - 135 131 - 587 587 13 34 45 19 26 31 13 18 28 25 3 2 11 24 7 1 2 502 89 413 136 _ 13 1449 78 1371 68 778 OU7 469 50 47 27 386 326 3 323 - 82 28 54 15 E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n )________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____ 197 175 1 .9 6 1 .9 3 8 8 7 7 11 11 17 17 _ G u a rd s __ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------ ------------------- __ _ F i n a n c e 4 ------------------------------------------------------- 1. 240 268 972 55 109 1 .9 6 2. 41 1 .8 4 2. 23 1 .9 0 2 2 190 6 - - - 6 17 17 92 6 1 16 2 12 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) _________ 4, 972 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------- --------- ----- -----W h o le s a le t r a d e _______- ____________________ R e t a il t r a d e ____________ ___________ __ 3, 306 498 2. ?l! 2. 2. 1. ? 297 44 253 50 14 225 110 224 581 2 2 - 2 2 07 24 99 10 104 233 54 95 10 _ _ 104 . _ 233 02 6 54 47 23 _ 3 69 26 13 4 659 64 595 54 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g — _____ _ __ . M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________ ___ __ _____ ________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 ____ ___ _ __ ___ __ _ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________ ___ ______ — R e t a il t r a d e _____________ 4, 722 2 , 281 2, 441 995 957 487 O r d e r f i l l e r s ___________ . _____ _____ _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________ ___ ______ ________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------- _ ------------W h o le s a le t r a d e — ----- ----------------------R e t a il t r a d e --------------------------------------------------- 1, 556 "■ 1 , 088 833 249 P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (m e n ) -------------------- - - — M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g - — _____ — _ W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e --------- -------- 689 350 339 225 113 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (w o m e n ) __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ R e t a il t r a d e — --------- ----- 220 1. 71 1 .9 1 1 . 81 70 57 R e c e iv in g c l e r k s _______ ____ ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________ ______ ___ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____ ___ ___ _____ W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e _________________________________ 430 182 248 S hipping c l e r k s ____________________________________ 224 74 150 117 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________ __ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________ ___ 16 1 78 1 .9 8 2 . 06 1 .9 7 1. 83 2. 44 2. 38 2 .4 9 2 . 62 2. 34 2. 54 2. 47 T T S T " 2. 44 2. 44 2. 40 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - - J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------- ----- -----------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------------------------------------- _ ___ — __ — - - 1 190 4 05 89 04 31 34 28 35 15 56 62 52 49 59 2 . 60 2 . 59 2 . 60 2. 58 2 2 - 22 7 7 - - 1 1 98 6 68 10 52 4 48 - 10 8 1 34 34 31 4 _ 4 24 _ 24 _ 4 23 9 9 • . _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - _ - _ - _ 9 - -------8 1 - 16 7 7 18 4 %. 20 $3. 30 $3. 40 and 3. 30 3. 40 over 8 14 _ . 8 8 8 26 2 28 28 28 12 12 2 26 - - “ - “ ” 59 59 - 4 4 - 11 11 1 1 - - _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ - 362 237 125 - 366 326 40 4 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 4 _ - _ _ _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ - 6 12 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 503 449 54 39 13 5 44 184 360 48 215 30 185 - 441 63 378 344 66 21 12 2 26 _ - _ . - _ - _ - 188 159 26 8 3 3 - 2 385 75 310 303 _ 7 - - - " 676 182 4 94 418 76 242 128 128 97 31 95 7 10 1 6 26 26 26 - 165 149 _ - _ - - _ - 176 176 - 56 7 49 45 4 - " 2 12 45 44 58 52 44 1 6 6 32 24 _ - - 8 3 _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - " 19 13 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - « - - - _ - _ - - _ " - - _ - 29 W\ 73 1 53 46 7 107 43 64 58 5 68 3 - 19 6 12 15 15 _ - _ - 103 56 47 42 20 26 17 13 7 2 25 20 - - 694 550 144 115 ■ 18 4 2 1 1 14 14 - 305 1294 8 72 “ TOT “ 54T " ~458“ 200 414 449 172 73 12 28 341 387 35 15 - 61 17 44 39 5 - - - 1 1 8 1 2 47 - 11 7 7 2 2 36 28 7 . _ 1 3 2 - - 1 2 “ “ 3 3 - - 156 127 29 25 _ - - - 3 3 _ 27 27 27 _ . - - - _ - _ . _ - _ - _ - - _ _ - - 96 - _ “ 16 64 nr 16 _ _ _ _ - 138 _ 138 99 39 9 9 9 _ - _ - 133 133 - - _ _ _ _ - 16 _ 16 - — _ - 2 - 5 5 5 _ - 7 _ 7 7 9 1 _ - 14 _ 14 14 1 _ _ - - _ - 26 - _ _ - 1 - 2 - - _ - - 8 - _ 111 2 109 3 12 10 10 2 _ - 9 9 10 _ _ - - T or 106 90 16 — 2 - 2 66 - 20 39 " 39 35 12 24 44 21 85 32 53 11 2 9 6 - 37 19 18 17 2 1 16 45 45 - 16 - 16 “ - _ - 40 35 5 - 2 - 3 1 4 3 8 1 - _ - 1 8 1 - - 2 13 ' See footnotes at end of table. 10 8 18 58 48 - - S. 151 202 $ 1 . 80 1. 76 E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( m e n ) __________ 00 1 - 1 1 - 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , San F r a n c i s c o — ak la n d, C a lif. , J a n u a ry I9 6 0 ) O NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Shipping and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s ----------------------------- Number of workers Average hourly 2 U n der 1. 40 earnings and 1 40 u n d er 1. 50 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ !$ 2. 30 j 2. 40 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 1 2 .5 0 . _ - - 633 189 4 44 32 272 138 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 61 59 62 59 69 52 T r u c k d r iv e r s 5 M a n u fa ctu r in g _______________________________ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ____________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________ R e t a il t r a d e ----- -------------------------------------- _ 4, 070 767 3, 303 1, 913 785 514 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 82 86 81 75 81 05 - _ - _ - . - 1 1 1 _ - T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d e r lV 2 t o n s ) ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------------ ---------- __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------ 547 166 381 199 85 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 69 81 63 56 67 - - _ - _ - T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m ( 1 V2 to and in clu d in g 4 t o n s )_______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________ ________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3__________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _____________________________ 1, 507 321 1, 186 633 313 234 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 82 89 80 71 81 03 _ - . - _ - - - - P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________ T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, t r a il e r t y p e ) ____________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________ _________ ____ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ PiiKlir* n filifi aq ^ 803 643 529 2 .9 1 2 .9 3 2. 90 2. 87 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , o th e r than t r a i l e r t y p e ) ______________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ’ _______________________ _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ________________ __ W h o le s a le t r a d e _______________________ 799 101 698 313 259 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 88 78 90 86 86 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l if t ) ______ _______________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________ ____ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 _ ________ __ _________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e __________________ ______ ____ 1, 606 1, 247 359 129 144 86 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 51 49 58 64 48 65 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 285 2 14 2. 64 2. 71 W a tch m e n -------------------------------------------------- ----- _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________ ____ _____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ___________ _______ _____ _ 331 208 123 2. 11 2. 22 1 .9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 TW 2 2 10 2. 60 . 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 S. 00 3. 10 S. 10 3. 20 h. 20 3. 30 h. 30 $3. 40 and 3. 40 over 6 10 3 3 3 - 12 12 12 _ - 10 10 10 - 17 17 17 25 3 22 19 3 - 227 7 220 183 36 - 128 35 93 55 26 12 368 85 283 261 22 - 880 148 732 359 273 16 801 157 6 44 498 140 - 906 215 691 394 256 41 323 37 286 86 29 171 274 54 220 _ _ 220 35 35 - - 21 21 15 _ 6 35 _ _ _ - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 11 11 11 - 5 5 5 - 9 9 9 - 3 3 3 - 23 3 20 17 3 41 41 10 30 57 35 22 22 - 10 10 - 256 4 252 120 38 71 71 _ - 32 18 14 14 _ - 27 25 2 - _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - . - 6 6 6 2 2 2 - 185 6 179 173 6 - 12 12 _ 12 65 34 31 25 6 - 437 67 370 212 152 6 288 54 234 152 76 - 279 122 157 69 47 41 34 6 28 26 2 177 25 152 _ 152 2 _ 2 _ _ 2 _ - 20 7 13 _ 13 - - - - - - - - - 19 19 19 80 16 64 64 83 33 50 26 95 2 93 93 332 67 265 265 88 23 65 62 60 60 27 27 - 619 340 23 317 253 64 223 8 215 60 155 10 75 2 73 41 18 14 117 117 3 _ - 6 _ - 6 6 _ - _ - _ - 13 - - _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - 9 9 14 - 16 10 6 1 - 6 6 15 4 11 S ee n o te on p. 5, r e l a t i v e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . 8 105 67 38 2 $ 2. 90 5 _ - 14 10 $ 2. 80 2 1 D ata lim it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la t e s h ift s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . I n clu d e s a ll d r i v e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s i z e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 13 a t $ 3 . 40 to $ 3 . 50; 6 a t $ 3 . 50 to $ 3 . 60. NOTE: 5 8 $ 2. 70 64 32 32 14 12 6 - ’ 5 $ 2. 60 $ 50 2. _ - ---- 5“ 7 1 1 _ 18 - 44 4 40 264 33 231 36 37 3 184 47 62 11 51 16 13 22 1 1 1 _ - - - _ - - 34 22 12 12 69 44 25 25 62 41 41 - 374 268 106 57 355 255 100 100 - 242 228 14 6 8 - 399 391 8 5 •3 27 31 27 27 31 20 11 - 10 10 7 7 9 9 43 40 _ - 4 4 - 62 - - 31 - - 92 38 44 40 69 26 43 35 61 48 13 51 41 10 _ 33 2 _ 3 " ~ _ - “ 49 36 13 19 6 13 13 13 110 110 - “ - “ - _ " _ “ _ " 39 26 13 _ _ 13 19 - _ “ 13 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials ( P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p lant w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r s h ift w o r k , and in e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly o p e r a tin g la te s h ifts b y type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, San F r a n c i s c o — akland, C a lif. , J an u ary I9 6 0 ) O In e s ta b lis h m e n ts havin g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — In e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c t u a lly o p e r a tin g — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l S e co n d sh ift w ork T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift w o rk T o ta l ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 2 .4 9 0 .9 W ith s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------------------- 9 2 .4 9 0 .9 16. 8 5. 1 49. 3 38. 5 1 0 .3 4 .6 1 .7 .7 .5 .3 .2 .2 .2 U n ifo rm ce n ts (p e r h o u r ) -------------------------------4 ce n ts ----------------------------------------------------------5 ce n ts ----------------------------------------------------------6 ce n ts ---------------------------------------------------------7 ce n ts -------------------------------------------------------- — 8 cen ts ----------------------------------------------------------9 cen ts ----------------------------------------------------------1 0 cen ts ---------------------------------------------------------llV a cen ts -----------------------------------------------------1 2 c e n t s ---------- ----------------------------------------------127* c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------13 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------------------1 4 Y3 cen ts — —-----—------------------------------------- 15 c e n ts ---------------------------------------------------------16 ce n ts ---------------------------------------------------------2 0 c e n ts ---------------------------------------------------------23 c e n ts ---------------------------------------------------------U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e ----------------------------------------4 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------------------- 1 0 p e r c e n t -----------------------------------------------------15 p e r c e n t -----------------------------------------------------O th e r 3 ..................................................................... N o s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------------------------------- 1.0 2.8 1.6 1.0 1 3 .2 1. 1 14. 6 .7 .5 1.1 5. 8 1.0 1.0 1.6 1 .7 . 7 5. 7 .5 1 .9 S e co n d s h ift 16. 8 .2 2.2 .3 3. 0 .3 .1 >) 1 .7 2 .9 " 10. 1 6. 7 2 .9 3. 0 7 .0 .3 5 .4 " 3 .9 2. 7 2. 7 3 6 .1 47. 0 6.1 - - 3. 0 2.8 - T h ird o r oth er s h ift 5. 1 .5 (# ) .5 .2 - .9 1.0 .1 - .8 .4 .1 .3 .9 .1 _ .1 (a ) .4 - 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ift s , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts e v e n though th e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s . a L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . 3 P r i m a r il y c o m b in a tio n plan s p r o v id in g fu ll d a y 's p a y f o r re d u c e d h o u rs plus p e r c e n t a g e d iffe r e n t ia l. M o s t o th e r plans p r o v id e fu ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s p lu s e ith e r a fla t sum p e r s h ift o r p e r w e e k , o r p aid lu n ch p e r io d n ot p r o v id e d to the f i r s t s h ift w o r k e r s . 14 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r ie s and in in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y m in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f in e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a li f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 ) I n e x p e r i e n c e d t y p is t s M inim um w e e k ly s a l a r y 1 A ll in d u strie s O t h e r in e x p e r i e n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s N onm anufacturing M anufacturin g B a sed on standard we ekly hours! 3 A ll sch e d u le s E sta b lish m en ts s t u d i e d ---------------------------------------- 259 86 E sta b lish m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m — 40 XXX A ll sch e d u le s 37 V* 173 XXX A ll in d u strie s Of— XXX B a sed on standard we ek ly h ours 3 of— A ll sch ed u les 40 383 /4 37 86 6 3 _ _ _ 1 2 1 2 _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 6 14 6 5 4 4 35 79 13 7 52 132 46 _ 1 9 2 6 2 1 1 10 21 8 10 4 5 _ 3 3 4 _ 1 4 16 4 6 3 4 1 6 7 9 17 16 17 10 14 _ 1 1 5 9 6 9 1 8 7 6 2 6 _ 2 2 1 3 2 6 6 1 4 3 2 “ E sta b lish m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m — 70 22 XXX 48 XXX XXX E sta b lish m en ts w hich did not e m p lo y w o rk e rs in this c a t e g o r y --------------------------------------------------- 67 21 XXX 46 XXX XXX 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 - 2 1 7 3 6 6 2 8 2 2 2 1 4 S ee n ote on p . 1 5, r e la tiv e to th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . - 4 7 5 8 1 1 5 7 9 16 11 8 4 5 6 2 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 XXX - XXX XXX 3 4 2 4 21 XXX 48 XXX XXX 58 19 XXX 39 XXX XXX - - 60 1 _ 3 1 L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d f o r h i r in g in e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . 2 R a t e s a p p l ic a b l e t o m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d . 3 H o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s NOTE: _ XXX 69 2 2 - 40 XXX > 1 2 10 3 7 3 1 1 _ 1 383 /4 173 43 4 2 5 2 37V2 XXX 1 1 11 21 10 20 7 12 7 - A ll sch ed u les 86 122 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and 40 259 XXX und er $ 4 5 . 00 ------------------------------under $ 4 7 . 50 ------------------------------u nd er $ 5 0 . 00 ------------------------------u nd er $5 2 . 50 ------------------------------under $5 5 . 00 ------------------------------under $ 5 7 . 50 ------------------------------under $ 6 0 . 00 ------------------------------under $62 . 50 ------------------------------u nd er $ 6 5 . 00 ------------------------------under $ 6 7 . 50 ------------------------------under $ 7 0 . 00 ------------------------------under $ 72 . 50 ------------------------------under $ 7 5 . 00 ------------------------------under $ 77. 50 ------------------------------und er $ 8 0 . 00 ------------------------------o v e r ----------------------------------------------- $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 . 50 $50 . 00 $ 52. 50 $ 5 5 . 00 $57 . 50 $ 6 0 . 00 $6 2 . 50 $65 . 00 $ 6 7 . 50 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 2 .5 0 $ 75. 00 $77. 50 $ 80. 00 N onm anufacturing M anufacturin g 5 - 3 4 1 3 - - XXX XXX c o m b in e d , and f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 15 Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (P ercen t d istribution of office and plant w ork ers in a ll in d u stries and in in dustry d iv isio n s by sch edu led w eek ly hours of fir s t-s h ift w o r k e r s, San F ran cisco-O ak lan d , C alif. , January I960) O FFIC E W ORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s A ll w o rk e r s All in du stries1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U n d e r 3 5 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------3 5 h o u r s — — ____ __ —___ _ ______ - — ---------- _-------— 3 6 1/* h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 6 ^ 3 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 7 V s h o u r s — ------------- -— — ---------------------— -------------------------— O v e r 3 7 x/a an d u n d e r 3 8 3/ 4 h o u r s ------------------------------ 383 h o u r s ----- -— ---------------- --------------—------------------— /4 40 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing 100 100 2 2 1 1 15 3 12 66 1 4 P L A N T W O RK ERS Public . u tilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 100 100 100 100 1 - 6 - 5 - 19 68 5 89 - 5 7 8 80 (*> 10 5 84 (» ) 28 9 13 49 Services AU industries * 100 (* ) 5 - M anufacturing Public , u tilities* W holesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 9 6 3 1 1 - - 87 87 ( 5) _ _ - - - 6 2 - 97 1 _ _ 8 _ - 94 89 1 Includes data for s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in dustry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely . a T ransportation , com m un ication , and other public u tilitie s. 3 F in an ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l e sta te . * Includes data fo r rea l esta te and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in dustry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely . 5 L ess than 0 .5 p e r c e n t. 1 - . NOTE: E stim a tes for a ll in d u stries and public u tilitie s include data for railroad s (SIC 40), om itted from the sco p e of a ll labor m ark et w age su rveys m ade b efore the w in ter of 1959-60. W here sign ifican t, the e ffec t of the in clu sion of railroad s is g r e a te st on the data shown sep a ra tely for the public u tilitie s d ivision . 2 Services 16 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a l ly , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item Wholesale trade All industries1 A ll w o r k e r s Manufacturing Public „ utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ _ 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 _ _ " ■ ” ■ _ 1 ( 5) " - - 3 3 4 1 35 l 5) 8 41 1 ( 5) 2 1 ( 5) - _ _ _ 6 50 3 25 5 2 2 3 4 2 2 30 17 42 2 1 1 2 “ 6 36 57 2 - 15 1 - 4 4 6 11 16 42 44 94 94 100 100 100 100 (!) ( 5) i i 3 4 53 53 89 93 96 99 ____ _________________________________ ___ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id h o l id a y s __________________________ ____ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s _____________________________ N u m ber o f Retail trade Finance 3 Services All . industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Services days L e s s th a n 5 h o l id a y s _____________________________ 5 h o l i d a y s ____ _______________ ______ _____________ _ _ 6 h o l id a y s _ _____ __ _____________________________ 6 h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s ______________________ 7 h o l id a y s __ ___________________ ____ _________ _____ 7 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ________________________ 7 h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s ______________________ 8 h o l id a y s _ ________________________ _____ ______ 8 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ________________ _ — 8 h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s ___________________ ______ _ _____ ____________ _________ _ 9 h o l id a y s _______ ___ ______ 9 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y 9 h o l id a y s p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s ____________________ 9 h o l id a y s p lu s 3 h a lf d a y s ______________________ 10 h o l id a y s _________________________________________ 10 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ______________________ 11 h o l id a y s ______________________________________ _ 13 h o l id a y s --------------------------------------------------------------- ( 5) ( 5) 1 ( 5) 26 ( 5) 6 48 2 ( 5) 10 2 1 1 1 ( 5) 1 _ ( 5) 1 28 ( 5) 19 46 2 ( 5) 1 ( 5) 1 “ _ _ 46 1 52 1 - 5 14 3 75 4 " ( 5) 2 76 5' 13 3 “ _ ( 5) " ( 5) 4 2 85 8 - 61 1 22 ■ Total holiday time* 13 d a y s ___ _____ _________________________________ 11 o r m o r e d a y s ___________________________________ 1 0 Va o r m o r e d a y s _ __ ______________________ _ 10 o r m o r e d a y s _________________________________ 9 Va o r m o r e d a y s _ __ _________ ______________ 9 o r m o r e d a y s __________________ _________ ______ 8 Va o r m o r e - d a y s _ __________________________ _ _ 8 o r m o r e d a y s _ _________________________________ 7Va o r m o r e d a y s _________________________________ 7 o r m o r e d a y s __________________________ _____ 6 o r m o r e d a y s _ __________________________________ 5 o r m o r e d a y s _________________ _____ __________ 2 o r m o r e d a y s __ __ _____________________________ 1 1 2 4 6 17 18 72 73 99 100 100 100 _ 1 1 1 3 5 70 70 100 100 100 100 _ 1 1 1 1 54 54 100 100 100 100 _ 4 4 81 81 95 100 100 100 _ 3 3 16 22 98 100 100 100 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 3 F in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . 4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 6 A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f f u l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , th e p r o p o r t i o n a n d n o h a lf d a y s , 6 fu l l d a y s a n d 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll d a y s a n d 4 h a lf d a y s , a n d s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s w e r e th e n c u m u la t e d . M OTE: S e e n o t e on p . 1 5 , r e l a t i v e t o the i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . _ of w ork ers _ 2 2 4 5 65 65 97 99 99 99 r e c e iv in g _ (!) (!) ( 5) 2 2 59 59 94 100 100 100 a tota l o f 7 d a ys _ 8 8 96 96 100 100 100 100 _ 22 23 84 85 85 100 i n c lu d e s t h o s e w it h 7 fu l l d a y s 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll w o r k e r s . ... All industries 1 . . _ _ Manufacturing Public , utilities c Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance3 Services All , industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 10 0 10 0 100 100 10 0 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 10 0 99 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 - - ( 5) 1 - 92 92 - 10 0 10 0 - 99 96 3 - 10 0 99 - - * 1 - - 8 - M e th o d o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s __________________ _____ ____________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t -------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ___________________________ F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t _____________________________ O th er ___________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s _________________________________ A m o u n t off v a c a t i o n 1 ( 5) - - - - - - 93 6 - - p a y6 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k ______________________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________ _____ _____________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ 1 1 2 _ _ _ 6 12 53 3 7 63 3 " 42 - 41 - 15 - 62 23 24 3 52 _ _ 6 6 13 - 2 - " 3 19 2 " " - " - - 23 75 4 95 - 78 - 22 _ 97 3 53 11 22 1 70 30 - 59 _ 78 - 22 20 71 19 - 71 29 - 6 59 28 13 " 2 - 1 - - - - 3 - - _ 99 - 1 _ - _ - 10 0 100 1 - - - " _ 97 3 12 34 64 16 10 11 1 92 - _ - - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______________________________________ _____ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s __ __________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s _ ___________________________________________ L 1 ( 5) 24 2 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ ( 5) O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ________ ___________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _ ____________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________________ 6 92 (s) 5 75 3 4 1 ~ _ 93 96 _ 99 10 0 _ 97 - - - - - - 3 7 83 ( 5) 3 7 3 1 - 3 6 1 65 1 8 75 13 ~ 3 1 96 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __ ___________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s ______________________________________________ ( 5) 96 1 2 11 14 76 76 13 1 8 - - - 1 90 99 - - 2 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ____ __ ___________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s _ ___________________________________________ 4 w e e k s _______________ ____________________________ S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le , _ 82 5 14 ( 5) _ _ _ 87 88 93 3 4 - - 13 12 _ 39 - 61 _ 84 13 3 ( 5) 74 1 - - - 83 84 16 77 39 61 1 1 24 15 2 13 18 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in d u s t r y d i v is i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All . industries1 A m o u n t off v a c a t i o n Manufacturing Public ^ utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 Services All . industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade p a y 6— C o n t i n u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ - 48 9 43 66 3 30 1 50 3 47 16 84 (5 ) 21 11 68 - _ _ _ _ _ 9 89 1 1 3 95 2 2 96 2 14 84 1 5 95 - 16 80 4 " _ _ _ _ - 6 84 (5 ) 10 3 74 2 21 2 95 14 76 5 93 2 6 85 9 _ 5 74 21 5 76 20 - _ 67 15 18 - (5 ) 33 8 57 1 1 38 11 50 _ _ 46 16 3J 5 32 2 56 2 _ 9 _ 91 - A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s _______________________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - (5 ) 4 90 (5) 4 2 94 1 3 _ 86 14 (5) 4 82 (5 ) 13 1 2 82 1 15 - - _ - 83 17 80 12 4 90 6 (5) 4 70 3 22 1 2 67 6 24 _ 71 29 _ 73 19 _ 4 80 16 1 _ _ - 4 96 84 - - 8 - A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - - 3 9 A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s - _______ - _ __ __________________ ________ —— _ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ----------------------------------4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 a 3 4 5 4 in c lu d e _ _ _ _ 5 69 2 24 3 53 9 34 2 77 21 14 56 30 _ I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d ic a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e N O T E : S e e n o t e o n p . 1 5 , r e l a t i v e t o th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . 19 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f i t s , Sa n F r a n c i s c o — a k la n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 ) O OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e f it All . industries1 A l l w o r k e r s __________________________ _______ _______ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g : L if e i n s u r a n c e __________________________________ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ------- -------- -------------------- ---------- --------------S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 5 _________________ _________ S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ------------S ic k l e a v e (f u ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r i o d ) ___________________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) ___________________________ H o s p i t a l iz a t io n in s u r a n c e ____________________ S u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e _________________________ ___ M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e _____________________________ C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e ______ _________ _____ _ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ____________________________ N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n ____ Manufacturing 100 100 Public , utilities2 100 Wholesale trade 100 PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 Services All industries' Manufacturing 100 100 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 Public , utilities 2 90 92 65 94 80 100 92 95 82 100 89 46 63 45 51 29 41 57 68 60 78 24 79 29 74 35 97 9 79 32 79 11 76 39 64 21 44 27 85 20 81 18 89 13 59 55 67 67 19 62 18 12 45 21 12 10 86 86 76 58 78 ( 6) 1 96 96 90 43 81 ( 6) 29 69 69 69 60 59 9 79 77 69 35 63 3 55 89 89 86 61 41 3 89 89 69 77 96 34 92 91 88 34 70 ( 6) 11 98 98 93 31 69 39 64 64 64 52 86 61 98 94 79 28 89 Services 71 95 95 94 45 51 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t il it i e s . 3 F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . 4 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 5 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f in i t e ly e s t a b l i s h a t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d o n an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . 6 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: S ee n o te on p . 1 5 , re la tiv e t o the i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . le a s t 21 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is essen tial in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are classified by type of m achine, as follow s: Biller , machine (billing machine)— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, etc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shippingm em orandum s, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done oh a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) — U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F isher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational Cash R egister, with or without a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of bu sin ess tran sactio n s. Class A — K eeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated rep o rts, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. Class B — K eeps a record of one or more phases or sectio n s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping- P h ases or sectio n s include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sh eets for the accounting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete se t of books or records relating to one phase of an e sta b lish m ent's b usiness tran sactio n s. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—-Continued payable; exam ining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assig n ation s and allocatio n s. May a s s is t in preparing, ad justing and closing journal en tries; may direct c la ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers or a c counts payable* vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting sim ple co st accounting d ata. T his job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional b asis among sev eral w orkers. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an estab lish ed filing system containing a num ber of varied subject m atter file s, c la ssifie s and indexes co rres pondence or other m aterial; may aliso file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating m aterial in the file s. May per form incidental clerical d u ties. Class B — Perform s routine filing, usually of m aterial th at has already been classified or which is easily identifiab le, or lo cates or a s s is ts in locating m aterial in file s. May perform incidental clerical d u ties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers’ orders for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. D uties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listin g the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; distributing order sh eets to respective departm ents to be filled. May check with credit departm ent to determ ine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes w ages of company em ployees and enters the n e c e s sary data on the payroll sh eets. D uties involve: C alculating w orkers’ earnings based on time or production records; posting calcu lated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages, due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathem a tic a l com putations. T his job is not to be confused with th at of s ta tis tic al or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OK DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, reproduces m ultiple copies of typew ritten or handw ritten m atter, using a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. Makes n ecessary adjustm ent such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare ste n c il or D itto m aster. May keep file of used ste n c ils or D itto m asters. May sort, co llate, and staple com pleted m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, records accounting and sta tis tic a l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical keypunch m achine, following w ritten in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to m achine. May keep files of punch card s. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Perform s various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office m achines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerical work. 23 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiativ e; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also s e t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe th is dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptio nist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular du ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker*s time w hile at sw itchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A— O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. Class B— O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports^and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. Class C— O perates sim ple tabulating or e lectrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied tech n ical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer, general. 24 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n c ils, m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail. Class A— Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources or responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , punc- tuation, etc., of tech n ical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tab les to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. Class B— Perform s one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc.; settin g up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O FE S SIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER P lans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sk etches, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or as a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail drawings from no tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing pur p o ses. D uties involve a combination of the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail draw ings, maps, cro ss-sectio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sses; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and q u antities; writing sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or specificatio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' inju ries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. U ses T -square, com pass, and other drafting too ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 25 M AINTENANCE D PO W E R PL A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instrum ents; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e lec trical system or equipment; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and measuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, m otors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; assistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform sp ecialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch inist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and 26 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selecting standard m aterials, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b uses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Examining m achines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a m achine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipment and dism antles and in stalls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to stre sse s, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates frails, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishm ent. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten specifications; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 27 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F abricates, in stalls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and w ritten sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V EM EN T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER T ransports passengers between floors of an office building, apartm ent house, departm ent store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. Performs routine police d u ties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 28 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; tran s porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, custom ers’ orders, or other instru ctio n s. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders, req u isi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selectio n of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various types of estab lishm ents such as: M anufacturing p lants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and custom ers’ houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ainst fire, theft, and illeg al entry. * U .S . G OVERNMENT P R IN T IN G O FFIC E : 1 9 60 0 — 5 4 5 8 0 4 Occupational Wage Surveys O c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s a re b e in g c o n d u c t e d in 6 0 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s d u r in g l a t e 1 9 5 9 a n d e a r ly I 9 6 0 . T h e s e b u l l e t i n s , w h e n a v a i l a b l e , m a y b e p u r c h a s e d from th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n 2 5 , D .C . , or from a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l s a le s o ffic e s sh o w n b elo w . A s u m m a r y b u ll e t in c o n t a in i n g d a t a fo r a l l la b o r m a r k e t s , c o m b in e d w it h a d d i t i o n a l a n a l y s i s , w il l b e i s s u e d e a r ly in 1 9 6 1 . B u lle t in s for th e a r e a s l is t e d b e lo w a re n o w a v a i l a b l e . C le v e la n d , O h io , S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 - 1 , p r ic e 2 0 c e n t s S e a t t l e , W a s h . , A u g u s t 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 * 2 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 3 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 4 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s S t. L o u i s , M o ., O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 5 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s M i a m i , F l a . , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 6 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s B a lt im o r e , M d ., S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 7 , p r ic e 15 c e n t s B o s t o n , M a s s . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 8 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 9 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s C a n t o n , O h i o , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 0 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 1 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s P o r t la n d , M a in e , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 2 , p r ic e 2 0 c e n t s F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 3 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s
