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O ccupational Wage Survey SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA JANUARY 1956 B L S B u lle t in N o . 1 1 8 8 - 7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commifsionar 84th Congress, 2d Session H ouse D ocum ent No. 298 O ccu p atio n al W age S u rv e y S A N F R A N C IS C O - O A K L A N D , C A L IF O R N IA JA N U A R Y 1956 Bulletin No. 1188-7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner M a r c h 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Contents Page Introduction ___________________________________________________________________________________________ W a g e trends for selected occupational g r o u p s _________________________________________________________ 1 3 Tables: 1. 2. A: 2 3 Occupational earnings * A-l: Office occupations _____________________ A - 2: Professional and technical occupations A - 3: M a i n t e n a n c e and powerplant occupations A-4: Custodial and material m o v e m e n t occupations ________________________________________ 10 E s t a b l i s h m e n t practices and supplem e n t a r y w a g e provisions * B-l: Shift differential provisions ___________________________________________________________ B-2: M i n i m u m entrance rates for w o m e n officew o r k e r s ___________________________________ B-3: S c h eduled weekly hours _______________________________________________________________ B-4: P a i d holidays___________________________________________________________________________ B-5: P a i d vacations _________________________________________________________________ B-6: Health, insurance, and pension p l a n s _________________________________________________ 12 13 14 14 15 17 Appendix: Job descriptions __________________________________________________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations for m o s t of these items are available in the Sa n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d a r e a reports for J a n u a r y of each year since 1950. T h e 1954 report also provides tabulations of w a g e structure characteristics, l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r eements, and overtime pa y provisions. T h e 1955 report also included data on frequency of w a g e p a y m e n t s , and pa y provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other m a j o r areas, is available up o n request. C u r r e n t reports o n occupational earnings and supplem e n t a r y w a g e practices in the San F r a n ci s c o - O a k l a n d a r e a are also available for m a c h i n e r y industries ( D e c e m b e r 1955), p o w e r laundries a n d dr y cleaners (July 1955), office building service (June 1955), contract cleaning service (July 1955), a n d hotels (July 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailing p a y levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operating e m ployees, a n d m o t o r t r u c k drivers. iii if) 00 o B: Establishments and w o r k e r s within scope of s u r v e y ________________________________________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent of increase for selected p e r i o d s ________________________________________________________________________ 19 Occupational Wage Survey - San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. * Introduction The San Francisco-Oakland area is one of several important industrial centers in which the Department of Labor*1s Bureau of Labor Statistics conducted surveys of occupational earnings and r e lated wage benefits. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the o c cupations studied to warrant inclusion.1 Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among e s tablishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented also (in the B -series tables) on se lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant workers. The term “ office w ork ers," as used in this bulletin, includes all office clerical employees and excludes ad ministrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plant w orkers" include working foremen and all non supervisory workers (in cluding leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adminis trative, executive, professional, and technical employees, and forceaccount construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant workers in nonman ufacturing industries. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments, and to insure prompt publication of results. To obtain appropriate accuracy at m ini mum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, 2 except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational cla ssifi cation is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job (see appendix for listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -se rie s tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Shift differential data (table B -l) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab lishment p o licy ,3 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In estab lishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used o r, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the classification "other" was used. Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statis tically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed .4 Because of rounding, sums of indi vidual items in these tabulations do not necessarily equal totals. Data are shown for full-tim e workers, i . e . , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are ex cluded also, but co st-of-liv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are in cluded. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical o c cupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average week ly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided 3 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. 4 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section of table B-3) are presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women w orkers. * This report was prepared in the Bureau1s regional office in San F rancisco, C a lif., by William P. O* Connor, under the direction of John L. Dana, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table 1 for m inim um -size establishment covered. 2 The tabulation of minimum entrance rates for women office workers relates only to provisions in establishments studied. 1 2 according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week1s pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen* s compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,5 plans are included only if the employer (l) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to form al plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker*s pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided according to (l) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefit. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Med ical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors* fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m ercial in surance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be selfinsured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker*s life. 5 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , 1 by major industry division, January 1956 Minimum Workers in establishments Number of e:stablishments size establish Within scope of study Within Studied Industry division ment Studied scope of in scope of Office Total 3 Plant study Total 3 study 2 80,500 176,300 248 315,100 1,096 167,990 All divisions --------------------------------------------------------129,300 22,700 88,000 81 101 343 58,990 Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- -------57, 800 185,800 88,300 753 167 109,000 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------Transportation (excluding railroads), 29,900 8, 800 47, 670 27 54,300 101 58 communication, and other public utilities 4 ------12,600 34 30,300 7,200 9, 400 51 Wholesale trade ----------------------------------------------239 5, 800 31,600 46 27,930 107 42,200 101 Retail trade -----------------------------------------------------5 1,200 184 36 37, 600 51 29,600 19,320 Finance, insurance, and real estate -----------------21,400 6, 880 165 24 51 Services 6 -------------------------------------------------------(7) (7) _ 1 San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Area (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Solano Counties). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not in tended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys re quires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. San Francisco's transit system is municipally operated, and is therefore excluded, by defi nition, from the scope of the studies. 5 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only. 6 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 7 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Tabulated below are indexes of salaries of women office c le r i cal workers, and of average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerica l w orkers, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, the indexes measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, h oli days, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. Eighteen jobs were included in the office clerical index; 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker indexes. See footnotes to table 2. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average of January 1953 and January 1954 employment in the job. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then added to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. The indexes measure principally the effects of (l) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay r e ceived by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) labor turnover or force expansion or reduction. A force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occu pation and result in a drop in the index, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The indexes are also affected by shifts in the proportion of workers em ployed by establishments with different pay levels. For example, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the index to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the index. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Indexes for the period 1952 to 1955 for workers in 17 major labor markets, appeared in BLS Bull. 1172, Wages and Related Benefits, 17 Labor Markets, 1954-55. Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups2 in San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , January 1955 and January 1956 and percent of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent increases from— (January 1953 = 100) January 1954 January 1953 January 1952 January 1955 Industry and occupational group January 1952 January January to to to to to 1956 1955 January 1956 January 1954 January 1953 January 1956 January 1955 A ll industries: 3.0 4.4 Office clerical (women) __ _________ ______ _ 112. 7 107. 6 4.8 5.2 18.6 2.4 4.0 110.4 3.7 Skilled maintenance (men)____________________ 106. 5 5.8 16.8 3.0 6. 1 114. 1 4.4 Unskilled plant (m en)______________ ________ 109.3 6.8 21.8 Manufacturing: 2.4 4.5 5.4 7.0 Office clerical (women) _____________________ 112.8 107. 0 20.7 2.2 4.0 110. 7 106. 3 4. 1 5.8 Skilled maintenance (men)--------------------------------17.1 4.2 4.2 113.2 4.3 21.0 Unskilled plant (men) ________________________ 108. 5 6.9 1 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operator-receptionists Tabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators, general http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Typists, class A and B Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2 Based on data for the following jobs: Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics, automotive M illwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen A : O c c u p a tio n a l Earnings 5 Table A-1: Office O ccu pation s (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San Francisco-O akland, Calif. , by industry division, January 1956) A verage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T - T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S OF— $ 3 5 .0 0 Weekly earnings (Standard) $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 50. 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 “ “ ~ ” “ “ “ “ “ ~ 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 00 under 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 10 66 47 74 166 - - 6 20 26 30 l W 4 46 21 44 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 90 . 00 $ 9 5 .0 0 - $ 100.00 10 0.00 $ $ 105.00 “ ■ 105. 00 $ 11 0.00 ■ $ 1 1 5.00 ■ 1 1 0.00 11 5.00 12 0.00 10 6 12 0.00 and 0ver M en C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ------------C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s B M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------F i n a n c e * * ---------- -------------C l e r k s , o r d e r ----------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ------------C l e r k s , p a y r o l l -------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -----------O f f i c e b o y s ----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------- 703 3 9 .5 $ 8 5 .5 0 405 39 .5 8 7 . 50 - - - 298 3 9 .5 8 2 .0 0 - - 71 53 ' 160 64 11 17 l l 56 11 _ i 1 _ - - - - 1 1 _ 102 3 9 .0 8 5 .5 0 - - - 3 5 8 10 12 12 122 3 9 .5 7 9 .0 0 - - - - - “ 38 4 19 29 - 32 297 3 9 .0 9 - 10 - 17 - 47 46 47 62 21 30 2 1 4 2 12 23 15 10 17 45 34 24 49 13 8 9 1 13 15 2 - 1 - 4 _ - 11 25 32 12 - " - - - 170 18 8 2 > - 7 2 .0 0 _ - 117 3 9 .5 *79.00 180 3 9 .0 67 . 50 - - 81 3 8 .0 6 6 .0 0 - 846 3 9 .5 8 5 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ 18 81 70 113 106 132 62 57 277 39. 0 4 0 .0 8 7 .0 0 - - - - - 9 12 22 20 41 62 54 26 8 4 .0 0 - - - - - 9 48 93 44 78 36 i9 38 43 89 129 115 38 65 31 33 10 21 24 30 27 6 5 . 1 . 9 --------------F _ 1 _ _ 89 50 66 7 _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 15 - 10 4 8 4 15 6 4 _ 4 4 4 569 502 4 0 .0 84. 00 - - - - - 9 69 54 156 3 9 .5 84. 50 _ _ 2 _ 4 14- 39."0 3 9 .5 8 9 . 50 7 9 .0 0 - - 2 - - 2 - - - 5 12 8 16 2 4 14 5 16 14 F5 8 44 3 9 .5 8 1 .0 0 - - - “ - 3 5 9 6 16 10 4 - - - - - - 576 3 9 .0 5 2 .0 0 11 40 160 195 113 40 3 14 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------7 T ~ 77 — " - n r 382 39. 5 " 5Z750- — 3 8 .5 n 6 55 83 28 15 34 105 112 85 25 3 - 2 - 5 1 .5 0 10 5 38 3 9 .5 52 . 50 _ 189 3 8 .5 5 1 .5 0 2 13 9 53 429 3 9 .0 77. 50 _ _ _ -' - 2 74 3 9 .0 7 5 .0 0 - - 148 3 9 .0 7 0 .5 0 * “ - ------ " 3 3 7 0 5 “ — 11 - ' _ 1 15 6 - 9 2 5 _ "9 _ 2 _ 5 _ _ _ 6 16 53 61 7 - - - - - - - - - - 48 60 42 75 81 31 7 _ - - 8 - - - 14 36 2 1 69 28 26 f 8 5 8 46 46 28 41 5 4 3 - 44 37 20 39 18 54 6 12 8 3 “ ‘ “ 40 111 142 54 37 15 13 6 7 1 5 48 27 i r 13 4 - 4 9 9 41 2 1 - - - - 41 2 - - - - - 2 " T T - - - - _ _ - - - - - ” “ W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b il l in g m a c h i n e ) -----------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e ----- -------------------------------------B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----- 1--------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B M a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------ 466 — 6 6 .0 0 3 9 .5 332 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 - 225 4 0 .0 66 . 00 - - - 161 4 0 .0 _ _ _ 9 44 86 ITT 40 . 6 6 1 .5 0 6 I.O O - - - 9 5 44 86 22 84 10 12 - 22 11 11 134 129 ■3975— 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 1/ 69 --------- 6 5 ~ “ 3 1 7 0 — 3 9 .0 104 . '3 9 .5 0 “ ■7 ■ 6 2 .0 0 - - 7 4 .0 0 _ _ - 3 .3 0 " 72. 50 73 3 9 .0 7 2 .0 0 - 1,54 4 3 9 .5 5 8 .5 0 _ _ _ - - 94 17 22 2 79 42 11 13 2 10 8 4 - - - - - - - - - 10 8 - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - - - - - - 31 54 24 7 1 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - "3 - ? - - 12 11 1 10 22 - - 12 - 15 4 1 - - - - - 9 6 19 12 32 12 15 15 4 - - - - - - 358 373 335 125 58 53 24 2 9 - _ - - - - 13 45 51 28 5T 22 2 - - - - - - - - 17 _ 190 -----------j— -------3- ' 9 1 ,33 0 3 9 .5 5 6 .5 0 360 287 74 30 16 2 - - - 3 9 .5 6 2 .0 0 _ 17 - 189 245 6 18 50 121 13 21 16 - - - - - - - - - 79 3 9 .5 6 1 .0 0 . _ 1 9 27 20 16 - 1 - - - - - - - - 4 0 .0 5 4 . 50 259 123 949 See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), communication, and other public utilities. ** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. - 106 9 - 2 1 4 " ... 3 5 7 5 ------- ■70;35~ 39 26 41 17 182 355 328 39 5 - - 1 Occupational Wage Survey, San Francisco-O akland, Calif. , January 1956 U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 6 Table A-1: O ffice O ccupations - Continued (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San F rancisco-O akland, C alif. , by industry division, January 1956) A verage S ex , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T - T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S OF— $ 3 5 .0 0 and 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 50 . 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 90 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 0.00 $ 10 5.00 $ 1 1 0.00 $ 115.00 $ 12 0.00 over “ 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 75 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0.00 105.00 26 7 and 1 1 0.00 11 5. 00 120.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W o m e n - C o n tin u e d C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ----------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------- ------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------ :------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ----------------------------------------------------------------------C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ---------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,26 9 197 3 9 .5 $ 7 5 .0 0 3 9 .0 82. 00 - - 1 , 0 72 3 9 .5 7 3 .5 0 430 4 0 .0 73. 50 150 4 0 .0 7 6 .0 0 - - 72 3 9 .5 7 3 .0 0 147 38. 5 6 8 .0 0 11 21 4 99 46 197 108 428 85 33 53 - 13 - 21 49 6 66 44 157 33 8 24 28 35 12 39 6 _ _ _ _ _ . 28 7 - - n o 37 — Z 1 T --------------r _ 1 _ 8 39 20 4 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ 40 9 13 27 15 14 12 12 6 - - - - - - 396 57 25 7 _ _ _ _ 5 7 _ 1 1 _ _ 49 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 2 .0 0 - 236 144 - 2 99 10 2 34 3 41 n o 52 84 79 62 1,26 2 6 9 . 50 5 9 .5 0 - 337 286 184 60 17 3 9 .5 6 5 .0 0 21 44 34 14 13 5 _ _ . _ _ _ 6 5 .0 0 - 5 2 40 84 61 31 11 8 - 20 4 0 .0 - 89 - 231 159 234 30 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 4 0 .0 5 8 .0 0 - - 4 33 121 67 12 2 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 517 38. 5 5 6 .0 0 " 30 80 149 116 83 47 12 - - - - - - - - 32 378 20 6 4 .0 0 - 21 51 75 37 42 _ _ _ _ _ _ 38. 5 6 8 . 50 - - 11 22 16 - 23 2 - - - - - _ _ 3 9 .0 6 3 . 50 - - 329 58 21 53 48 37 _ 6 7 7 3 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ - 19 - 13 - 19 8 4 72. 00 69 8 40 3 9 .5 6 - 167 3 8 .5 6 1 .5 0 - 21 6 18 25 36 36 3 4 17 1 - - - - - - - 3 9 .0 5 0 .0 0 2 84 587 481 3 75 250 120 67 84 4 _ 3 9 .0 5 9 .5 0 - - 18 32 39 211 16 32 10 4 74 - - - _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 C l e r k s , o r d e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------- 209 74 3 9 .0 _ 104 35 65 56 57 18 17 67 26 24 2 13 5 1 .0 0 - 30 37 11 4 - - 4 6 .5 0 84 494 319 172 118 19 7 - - - - - " - - - - 39. 5 3 9 .5 6 9 .5 0 13 49 15 25 39 5 22 31 13 _ 12 15 15 - 5 34 13 29 10 - 13 5 7 16 2 8 _ _ _ 2 6 _ _ 2 6 9 .0 0 _ 6 4 0 .0 _ - 2 _ _ _ _ _ 40. 0 5 9 .0 0 - - 6 13 29 7 3 - 5 - - " - - - - - - 3 9 .0 71 .0 0 13 7 60 148 168 138 146 67 23 26 12 2 2 _ 6 43 57 86 77 76 2o - 2 2 17 82 61 70 47 23 5 1 10 17 4 8 3 3 - 6 6 19 13 5 4 2 6 64 21 7 39 6 9 21 1 6 - - - . _ - _ _ _ . _ _ _ 1 91 2 19 7 7 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - - 2 13 24 22 12 14 4 - - - - - - - 12 82 288 479 93 43 8 106 54 41 _ - _ - _ - 70. 50 115 3 9 .5 75 . 50 111 100 3 9 .5 6 5 . 50 3 8 .5 69 . 50 - 6 5 . 00 _ _ - ^ r 413 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 7 1 .0 0 58 3 9 .0 7 7 .0 0 3 9 .5 70. 5o 3 9 7 0 6 8 . 50 1, 1 4 4 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 89 486 3 9 .5 72. 50 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 456 4 0 .0 6 3 .5 0 81 3 9 .0 5 6 .0 0 91 . 4 _ _ - 193 m 13 55 39. 5 38. 5 1 ,64 9 505 4 5 5 1 .5 0 812 21 55 4 9 . 50 5 8 .0 0 3 9 .5 91 118 64 587 4 0 .0 1 ,21 3 69 - 3 9 .0 222 242 82 6 84 1,90 1 63 4 0 .0 3 9 7 0 39. 5 5 9 . 50 5 9 .0 0 - 4 9 - 463 - 343 - - 7 59 197 64 27 21 12 75 241 112 42 27 20 - 229 5 386 - 21 13 11 13 6 20 12 11 88 175 112 42 29 16 - 111 111 49 - 5 - " 42 21 169 17 - “ 1 ■ ~ ~ - " • _ _ _ _ - - - - - 12 . 2 11 40 60 27 1 9 2 23 15 36 Yz 9 4 3 - 2 - 1 7 26 24 15 5 1 6 0 .0 0 1 _ 149 37 _ See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding railroads), com m unication, and other public utilities ** Finance, insurance, and real estate. 38 98 21 3 9 .0 2,0 5 2 D u p l ic a t i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( m i m e o g r a p h o r d it t o ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- lft* 12 21 39. 0 3 9 .0 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ---------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------- ------------F in a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i li t ie s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ------------------------------------------------- .-----------------F i n a n c e * * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 450 - 219 22 146 - 426 403 W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 20 1 ,68 8 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i li t ie s * ---------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- - 28 28 41 2 _ 2 _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - 7 Table A-1: O ffice O ccupations - Continued (A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u rs and earnings 1 fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a sis in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , C a lif. , by in d u stry d iv is io n , Jan uary 1956) Avehaoe S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly earnings (Standard) $ 3 5 .0 0 and under 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 . 00 6 0 .0 0 138 38 211 $ $ $ 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 192 57 135 14 17 75 116 30 42 25 17 8 22 1 16 3 3 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ . _ 41 118 37 81 45 27 14 - - - - - - - - - 5 5 - 1 1 12 5 5 - _ - _ - _ - _ - . - - .. _ _ . . - - - - - 94 70 24 _ 19 5 4 26 25 1 1 _ _ . _ _ _ $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 90.00 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 110.00 1 1 5 . 00 120.00 and 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 120.00 over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d K e y - p u n c h o p e r a t o r s --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,2 80 3 78 902 134 83 588 39. 0 3 9 .0 38. 5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 63. 65. 62. 70. 70. 58. 00 00 00 50 50 50 - O f f i c e g i r l s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 395 177 218 137 39. 0 3*). 0 39. 5 3 9 .5 5 2 . 00 5 4 . 50 5 0 .5 0 4 9 . 50 S e c r e t a r i e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * -------------------------------------------------------- --------------- 3 ,1 5 0 1 , 0 75 2 , 0 75 24 0 40 0 192 969 3 9 .0 5 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ----------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -------------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 , 186 1 ,5 1 3 2 , 673 519 40 3 130 1 ,2 1 9 38. 5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 39. 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s -----------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 917 166 751 127 96 134 179 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 39. 5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 6 3 . 00 7 2 . 50 6 1 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 6 3 .0 0 6 0 . 50 6 2 . 50 S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ---------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -------------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 654 237 417 26 170 134 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 6 2 . 50 6 4 .5 0 61 . 5 0 7 2 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 0 . 50 T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 375 129 246 78 117 3 9 .5 "3 9 7 S 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 7 2 . 50 7 3 .0 0 7 2 . 50 7 9 .0 0 6 7 . 00 T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l --------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 641 — TE3~ 478 134 321 38. 5 3 9 .5 38. 5 38. 5 3 8 .0 81 357 146 - 1 1O0 4 10 19 6 21 80 3 75 87 3 145 144 7 7 7 34 34 24 82 17 65 40 157 90 67 46 67 34 33 16 37 25 - _ - 4 - - - - - - - 7 9 .0 0 8 5 . 00 7 5 . 50 7 9 . 00 7 9 .0 0 7 3 . 50 7 4 . 50 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ > _ 7 7 _ _ _ 7 28 28 _ . _ 28 55 3 52 3 367 59 30 8 321 269 26 9 11 4 155 170 24 31 136 509 139 370 51 69 41 188 519 6 2 441 97 34 4 32 63 53 68 . 50 56 66.00 69 . 00 69.00 66 . 00 _ _ 1 54 _ _ _ 2 229 15 214 44 4 10 511 70 441 62 31 27 6 5 .0 0 - 1 39 78 202 _ _ _ _ _ - 214 214 163 _ _ . 13 13 1 2 157 19 _ - - 12 3 14 19 _ _ 19 _ _ _ 17 _ 89 14 75 37 115 28 87 - - 16 22 22 _ _ - - 7 3 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 6 2 .0 0 - - - 1 - 2 - - 2 2 - _ - - 2 2 - _ _ 10 - _ 10 69 7 62 . 8 10 54 - See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities ** Finance, insurance, and real estate. 22 22 - 41 170 41 211 8 20 821 23 9 582 1 27 111 25 266 86 W 224 35 33 20 168 10 8 91 5 669 31 5 35 4 55 55 19 199 44 2 23 3 20 9 55 55 83 49 34 14 5 7 44 8 2 55 19 36 5 298“ 61 7 72 105 31 31 7 10 85 T tt~ 121 331 26 103 24 132 148 28 40 2 74 193 81 23 168 101 - - - - 5 14 - 59 25 34 106 32 74 42 43 2l 1 6 33 52 31 7 9 60 16 44 31 7 213 47 166 26 130 144 30 19 14 5 5 9 139 29 110 46 61 11 ~bb 2 84 49 34 28 3 16 - 5 _ _ - - 10 11 1 10 . - _ - 43 19 24 20 _ _ - - 106 51 55 5 32 1 - 12 11 1 11 11 211 10 6 _ 17 3 3 36 2 _ 3 30 11 44 _ 14 48 13 35 14 61 92 119 50 45 1 2 37 56 - 11 4 29 8 6 10 1 12 69 32 21 23 14 88 58 31 112 36" 52 46 4 102 30 72 14 56 40 18 70 2 4 14 16 l2 4 4 - 22 5 4 _ 1 11 8 4 _ 1 _ _ _ _ . 1 _ _ . _ - - - - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - - . - _ - _ - - - - - - 31 3 28 27 5 5 - 7 7 - - 8 22 22 - > - - - _ _ - _ - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 - - 2 1 - - 2 _ 51 35" 16 _ 67 33 26 209 28 181 27 6 2 10 _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 8 Table A-1: O ffice O ccupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E A verage S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n W om en - N um ber of w orkers $ W e e k ly h o u rs ( S ta n d a rd ) W e e k ly e a rn in g s (S ta n d a rd ) 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 . 00 $ 3 5 .0 0 and under 4 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ W EEKLY $ E A R N IN G S O F— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 and 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 over C o n tin u e d d* T y p is t s , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i li t ie s * ------------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e --------------------------------------------------- --------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 776 453 1 ,3 2 3 187 115 55 87 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 62 . 00 6 7 . So 6 0 .5 0 66.00 6 3 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 T y p is t s , c l a s s B ----------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 ,0 3 5 54 5 2 ,4 9 0 116 3 77 161 1 ,6 6 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 5 4 .0 0 1 2 * ** _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - 3 3 56 • 56 212 4 208 22 19 167 485 39 446 48 46 15 297 481 124 357 41 14 11 246 257 152 105 5 35 9 53 123 60 63 18 11 32 132 66 66 37 8 21 12 6 6 3 1 1 “ 15 2 13 13 - - - - 196 196 2 15 179 612 ' 4"5 567 4 90 21 450 984 94 890 53 95 70 55 6 665 161 50 4 38 105 40 315 317 117 200 16 56 23 102 109 50 59 3 14 81 75 6 48 3 45 _ - _ - 1 1 _ - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 22 22 - 22 3 56 - 4 38 - - - - 2 3 1 - - - 1 - - _ _ - - - - - 60. Oo 5 3 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 5 . 50 5 1 .5 0 _ _ - - H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . I n c lu d e s 26 w o r k e r s a t $ 3 0 t o $ 3 5 . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a li f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 ) Average Sex, o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n N um ber of w o rk e rs W e e k ly h o u rs (S ta n d a rd ) W e e k ly e a rn in g s (S ta n d a rd ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G $ 6 0 .0 0 and under 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 7 5. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y OF— E A R N IN G S 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 and 7 0 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .oq over M en $ l e a d e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 3 9 .5 1 1 8 .5 0 - _ - - . - _ _ _ 3 20 15 10 4 1 2 > D r a fts m e n , s e n io r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 547 435 114 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 4 . 50 95700 9 2 . 50 3 3 10 6 4 12 10 2 37 36 1 17 14 3 80 60 20 145 118 27 98 58 50 46 41 5 16 14 2 14 l2 2 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - D r a f t s m e n , j u n i o r ----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------.---------------------- 127 84 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 7 . 00 7 7 .5 0 7 1 14 14 28 16 25 16 24 16 27 20 2 1 - - - _ - " - 150 117 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 8. 50 7 9 .0 0 5 2 30 29 34 23 28 19 13 8 7 16 15 7 7 2 2 ~ D r a fts m e n , bt 36 8 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - * - - - - - - - - W om en N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l ( r e g is t e r e d ) M a n u fa c t u r in g 1 2 ------------------------------------------------- 2 19 . 1 " . _ _ " “ ■ - H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s a t $ 5 0 t o $ 5 5 . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 9 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in S an F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , J a n u a r y 1 95 6) N U M B E R O F W O R K E B S R E C E IV IN G N um ber of w orkers O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n A v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __ __ __ __ _____ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ _____ __________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________ _____ ______ 336 227 109 33 $ 2 . 50 2 .4 9 2 .5 3 2 .3 9 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e __________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 6 34 48 3 E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y _____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ ______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________ _____ ___________ _ R e t a i l t r a d e _____ _____ ______________________ F ir e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i le r M a n u f a c t u r in g $ 1 . 60 and under 1. 70 S T R A IG H T -T IM E HOURLY E A R N IN G S O F — $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3. 30 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .00 2 . 10 2.20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2.6 0 2 . 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 . 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 13 4 9 1 18 14 4 2 29 9 20 19 136 135 1 1 36 21 15 9 12 9 3 1 3 2 1 _ _ 60 25 35 1 _ 1 3 _ 3 1 _ 1 _ - - - * - - - 14 9 49 45 71 52 279 172 135 131 16 14 17 16 1 - - 15 13 31 31 - - 102 4 98 20 26 12 14 2 94 47 47 32 26 14 12 11 38 18 20 5 73 54 19 7 1 _ 1 1 _ - 19 16 3 2 5 5 _ 27 27 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 1 12 5 10 8 _ 2 2 _ . _ _ _ - - - _ . . - - - - - 24 8 16 - - - - - 2 .4 9 2 . 52 _ . . 3 3 - - - - - 488 197 291 80 2 .4 0 2 .6 2 2 .2 5 2 .3 5 _ - _ - _ - 6 6 71 71 - - - - - 121 93 2.21 2 .2 5 1 _ - - 3 3 34 18 6 6 - 46 45 - - 6 6 H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________ _________________ 1, 196 978 2 .0 8 2 . 11 2 182 30 113 111 46 44 725 709 72 60 17 17 2 _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ - 33 3 - - - - - M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 213 21 3 2 .3 7 2 .3 7 _ _ _ . _ 3 3 _ - 21 21 . - 32 32 _ - 131 131 _ - 17 17 _ - 9 9 - - - - - - - M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e _______________ __________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 1 ,3 7 5 1 ,2 5 8 2 . 50 2 .5 0 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 43 43 387 31 3 44 1 439 196 175 197 178 16 16 26 26 44 44 5 5 16 16 _ - 2 1 - 2 2 2 M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e ( m a in t e n a n c e ) ____________ M a n u f a c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________________ 877 110 767 68 7 2 .5 5 2 .5 4 2 .5 5 2 . 56 _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ 396 17 379 37 2 30 22 8 2 _ _ _ _ - 306 14 292 244 _ _ - 62 52 10 4 1 _ 1 - 61 _ 61 61 _ _ - 5 3 2 2 _ _ - 14 2 12 2 . _ - 2 _ 2 - - - - " - M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e _____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________________ _ 668 589 79 2 .4 4 2 .4 5 2 .3 6 _ - . _ _ 1 1 86 66 20 75 65 10 109 101 8 - 39 39 - _ - 3 1 2 _ - 1 64 163 1 _ - 150 122 28 _ - 38 29 9 2 2 - 1 _ 1 - - M i l l w r i g h t s ------------------------------------------------------- ---------M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 221 221 2 .4 5 2 .4 5 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 19 19 185 185 12 12 " - ~ 3 3 - - - - O i l e r s _____ _____________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 183 140 2 .00 2.00 1 1 _ 87 72 54 26 10 10 9 9 . _ _ . _ _ - - - 2 2 . - 20 20 - - - - - - - P a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___ _________________ __ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______ _________________________ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________ ______________________ 314 178 136 2 .4 1 2 .4 6 2 .3 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - 36 16 20 . _ - 15 11 4 5 5 - 102 86 16 _ - 38 20 18 . - 62 36 26 2 - 29 2 27 _ - 25 2 23 2 - - - P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ________________________ _ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ „ __________ 38 7 359 2 .5 0 2 . 50 . 284 284 37 22 - 16 16 4 - 18 9 _ - 13 13 _ - 1 1 - - - - 2 2 12 12 63 58 2 .4 6 2 .4 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ . - - - - - 33 31 _ - 14 14 2 - 13 13 " - - - - 719 719 2 . 68 2 . 68 _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 3 3 414 414 247 247 20 20 _ 12 12 ...... ................ S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ T o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________ 1 * - . - _ . E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la t e s h i ft s I n c lu d e s 1 w o r k e r a t $ 3 . 4 0 t o $ 3 . 5 0 . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . - - 20 20 - - O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y 195 6 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s 2 s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is in S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 ) N U M BER O ccupation and industry d ivision Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ 1 .0 0 and under 1. 10 OF W O R K E B S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H OURLY E A R N IN G S OF— $ 1. 10 $ 1.20 $ 1.30 $ 1 .40 $ 1 .50 $ 1.60 $ 1 .70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ , 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2. 90 1 .20 1 .30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .70 1 .80 1.90 2 .0 0 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 . 60 2. 70 2 .8 0 2. 90 3 .0 0 _ _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ E leva tor o p e r a t o r s , p a ss e n g e r (m en) __ ___ _ N onm anufacturing _____________________ _____ F in a n c e * * __ _» ________ ________ _____ 420 405 181 $ 1 .5 4 1.53 1 .63 _ - _ - _ - 149 149 1 3 3 3 9 9 5 236 232 172 17 12 “ 1 _ E lev a tor o p e r a t o r s , p a ss e n g e r (wom en) _______ N onm anufacturing ____ __________________ __ R eta il trade __ --------------------------------------------- 3 50 308 147 1.63 1 .60 1 .62 - 13 13 5 7 7 3 16 16 13 5 5 - 24 24 - 242 242 125 Guards _______________________ ___T____ _________ M a n u factu rin g_________ _____ _____________ _ N onm anufacturing _____________________________ F inance ** ----------------------------------------------------- 591 323 268 118 1 .7 8 1 .93 1 .5 9 1 .6 6 _ _ - . _ - 6 _ 6 6 2 _ 2 2 18 _ 18 17 149 3 146 20 40 9 31 20 J an itors, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e rs (m en) _________ M anufacturing ____ ___________ ____________ N onm anufacturing _____________________________ P u b lic utilities * __________ _______________ W holesale trade ______ _____ ____________ R eta il trade „ ____ ____________ ________ F in a n c e * * ___ . 4 ,4 0 4 1 ,3 9 9 3, 005 470 126 413 686 1 .7 0 1 .8 4 1 .63 1 .6 5 1. 74 1 .6 2 1 .6 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 151 6 145 6 13 38 - 214 2 242 33 2 25 - 112 26 86 46 _ 13 9 255 50 205 58 _ 45 18 1,543 101 1,442 61 29 245 642 Jan itors, p o r t e r s , and cle a n e rs (w o m e n )____;___ M anu factu ring___ ________ ________ __ _____ N onm anufacturing _____________________ _______ P u b lic u tilities * ___ ___________ __ _____ R etail trade __ __ ________ ________________ F in a n c e * * ...... _ .. . _ . 647 79 568 49 84 239 1 .6 0 1.70 1 .5 9 1 .4 9 1. 63 1. 61 2 2 _ _ _ 11 11 3 8 - 7 _ 7 6 1 - 77 10 67 8 _ - 2 _ 2 _ 2 - 174 13 161 28 9 94 L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling M a n u factu rin g______ _____________________ __ N onm anufacturing _ _ _ _ _ P u b lic u tilities * _____________________ t_____ W holesale trade ______ ___________ _____ R eta il trade __ __ ________ __ ____________ 5 ,7 8 7 2 ,9 9 5 2, 792 831 1 ,5 0 4 457 2 .0 3 2 .0 0 2 .0 6 2 .2 0 1 .9 7 2 .0 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - O rd er fille r s _______ _ _ __ _ M anufacturing __ __ __ __________________ N onm anufacturing ._ .... . .. W h olesale trade ______ ____ ________ __ R eta il trade »_ ________ __ — __ _________ 1 ,648 438 1,210 1,072 138 2 .0 3 2 . 11 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 2 .0 5 _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 1 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - - 5 _ - - 7 1 1 36 - - - 62 34 28 20 95 64 31 29 150 144 6 4 24 24 - 39 39 - 914 281 633 255 28 1 11 11 538 481 57 8 24 4 2 352 219 133 3 18 12 2 250 188 62 _ 12 20 2 301 2 299 _ 57 144 30 18 12 4 2 1 19 19 _ _ _ 19 15 4 _ _ - - 5 _ 5 _ 5 - 13 _ 13 6 _ 7 51 29 22 5 14 3 79 51 28 13 15 - 1,386 1,017 369 160 204 5 2,2 72 1,163 1,109 16 1,006 87 25 12 13 _ 13 31 26 5 _ 5 12 6 6 _ 6 156 67 89 89 - 691 134 557 526 31 . _ _ - 64 41 23 «. 23 P a c k e r s , shipping (m en) __ __ __ __ __ ____ M a n u factu rin g__ _ . N onm anufacturing W h olesale trade ___________________________ R eta il trade ___ _ __ _ __ _ 795 436 359 262 95 1 .9 3 1 .93 1 .9 2 1 .9 4 1 .8 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 9 5 _ 5 _ 5 P a c k e r s . shipping (wom en) 323 1.52 _ 8 43 18 196 15 43 R eceivin g c le r k s __ — _ _ __ M anufacturing ____ ____ __ ___________ N onm anufacturing _____________________________ W holesale trade __ __ __ __ ________ R eta il trade __ __ _____ ________________ _ 444 208 236 149 83 2 .0 7 2 .0 7 2 .0 8 2 .0 9 2 .0 7 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 2 1 _ 1 11 1 10 _ 10 _ . _ _ _ 9 _ 9 1 88 86 2 _ 2 26 16 10 _ 7 558 252" 296 254 42 - _ - _ - - _ - _ - _ - - _ _ - _ - _ _ ' _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ - - 6 6 _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - 45 45 _ _ _ _ _ » _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 531 241 290 4 153 133 251 79 172 3 27 142 317 317 2 70 20 27 319 319 309 _ 10 153 153 45 65 43 415 415 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - * 235 7 228 220 8 271 15 256 211 45 41 10 31 26 5 10 _ 10 _ 10 "5 _ 5 164 155 9 _ 9 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 16 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 15 _ 15 13 2 2 2 _ 20 20 2 2 2 20 13 7 6 - 35 18 17 2 14 _ _ _ 53 43 10 _ 10 185 85 100 92 7 98 38 60 40 20 28 1 27 2 25 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' See footn otes at end o f tab le. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu din g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u tilitie s . ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , S an F r a n c is c o - O a k la n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a ry 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 11 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is in S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 5 6 ) N U M BER O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv isio n N um ber of w orkers A vera ge h o u r ly e a r n in g s Shipping c le r k s . M a n u fa ctu rin g______ N onm anufacturing _ W h olesa le trade 335 166 169 138 $ 2 . 13 2 .0 9 2. 18 2 .1 6 Shipping and re c e iv in g c le r k s M anu factu ring _ N onm anufacturing W holesa le trade R e ta il trade ____ 693 270 423 299 98 2. 16 2 .0 9 2 .2 1 2 .2 9 2 .0 1 T r u c k d r iv e r s 3 ____________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ____________________ ______ N onm anufacturing _____________________ P u b lic u tilities * ___________________ W h olesa le trade ___________________ R e ta il trade ________________________ 4 ,2 1 5 815 3 ,4 0 0 2 ,0 1 2 897 411 2 .3 6 2 .4 1 2 .3 5 2 .3 7 2 .3 0 2 .4 5 T r u c k d r iv e r s , ligh t (under \ llz tons) M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________________ N onm anufacturing __________________ W h olesa le trade ________________ 464 181 283 118 2 .2 6 2 .4 0 2. 17 2 .2 2 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m ed iu m ( l 1/z to and including 4 tons) _____________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________________ N onm anufacturing __________________ P u b lic u tilities * ________________ W h olesa le trade ________________ R e ta il trad e -------------------------------- 1,961 384 1 ,577 892 391 287 2 .3 5 2 .4 5 2 .3 2 2 .3 1 2 .2 4 2 .4 8 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 ton s, t r a ile r type) ______________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing --------------------------------P u b lic u tilities * ____________________ 881 117 764 548 2 .4 6 2 .4 0 2 .4 7 2 .4 8 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (o v e r 4 to n s , oth er than t r a ile r t y p e )_________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ___________________________ N onm anufacturing ______________________ P u b lic u tilities * ____________________ W holesa le trade ____________________ 671 133 538 285 247 2 .3 8 2 .3 1 2 .4 0 2 .4 3 2 .3 6 T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo rk lift) ---------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g______________________________ N onm anufacturing _________________________ P u b lic u tilities * _______________________ W h olesa le trade _______________________ 1,097 811 286 108 142 2 .1 1 2. 10 2 . 16 2 .2 6 2 .0 9 T r u c k e r s , p ow er (oth er than fo rk lift) ______ M a n u fa ctu rin g______________________________ 322 2 .0 8 W atchm en _____________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g_____ _____________ ___________ N onm anufacturing _______ __________________ 390 231 159 1 2 3 * $ $ 1.00 1.10 and under 1. 10 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1.30 1.40 $ 1.50 1 .5 0 1 .60 W ORKEBS $ 1. 70 R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E $ 1.80 $ 1. 90 1. 90 2 .0 0 29 26 3 3 $ 2 .0 0 59 62 57 ~Tl£ E A R N IN G S ~5z $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2. 90 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2. 60 2 . 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 90 44 46 42 23 3 20 6 5 19 13 19 15 19 38 20 18 239 12 227 215 71 905 196 709 396 305 2 1,4 7 0 92 1 ,3 7 8 778 286 314 43 29 14 13 53 9 44 26 ____28 475 71 404 342 61 601 80 521 376 139 519 64 455 136 50 269 133 128 5 435 12 423 280 306 14 292 265 388 16 372 262 110 31 8 23 23 75 92 89 3 3 25 43 10 33 11 22 8 37 9 12 16 102 9 93 27 59 7 312 64 248 53 111 12 601 145 456 342 112 2 30 12 49 T 43 12 154 42 112 29 117 11 11 16 117 34 82 1 43 38 146 46 100 99 26 190 21 21 515 3 72 143 22 108 98 83 15 67 28 109 107 15 7 10 12 9 14 94 34 60 25 6 65 49 16 29 9 64 44 20 2 2 TT" 44 3 19 19 0 F - $ 2 .2 0 18 10 8 ~6T 1.80 1.63 H OURLY $ 2. 10 144 26 26 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ifts . D a ta l im it e d t o m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d . I n c lu d e s a ll d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e a n d ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . OF $ 1 .6 0 553 153 400 368 32 148 143 5 5 12 5 11 90 90 6 30 5 12 12 24 19 5 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions ' P e rc e n t o f m anufacturing plant w ork ers (a) In esta blishm ents having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s f o r — Shift d ifferen tia l Second shift w ork T o t a l __ _____ ________ __ __ _____ _______ __ ___________ With shift pay d ifferen tia l -----------------------------------------------------U n iform cents (p er hour) ___ ______________ ___________ T h ird o r other shift w ork (b) A ctu a lly w orking on— Second shift T h ird o r oth er shift 93. 8 9 1 .3 15.9 5. 5 93. 8 9 1 .3 1 5.9 5. 5 4 2 .9 3 4.3 9. 1 4. 7 .6 .4 2. 5 .4 .2 2. 5 - _ . 1 .6 . 2 .9 1. 2 4 cen ts __________ _____ ______ ____________ ______ ______ 5 cen ts _ ---------- -------------------- --------------- — ---------6 cen ts _________________ _ ____________ _ __________ 7 cen ts ____ _____ ____ _______________ ___________ 8 cen ts _______________ _______________ _____ ______ 9 cen ts _____ _____ ____________ __ ___________ 10 cen ts ______ __ ___________ ______________ __ ___ __ ___ __ ____ 12 cen ts __________________ I 2 V2 c e n t s __ ___________ __ _________________________ 13, 13V3 , or 13 V2 c e n t s _______________________________ 14 cen ts ________________________________________________ IS ren ts _ __ ....... . ....... ........... . ............. .... 20, 23, 25, o r 30 cen ts _______________________________ 2. 8 4. 2 13. 1 1. 6 1. 0 10. 8 6 .9 1 .4 1. 0 _ 1.0 2. 8 1. 0 5 .4 4 .2 7 .7 2 .6 1 .0 .6 4 .9 3. 1 U n iform p ercen ta g e ______________________________________ 15. 8 14.3 1. 7 . 1 5 p ercen t __________________________ ____________________ 10 p ercen t ______________________________________________ 15 p ercen t ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. 8 9. 1 ■ w 10. 1 4 .2 1. 7 •1 t F ull d a y 's pay fo r red u ced hours _____________________ O th e r2 ___ __________ _____________________ _ ___________ No shift pay d iffe r e n t ia l______________________________ - ____ - 2. 0 .3 - 1.6 - 35. 1 41. 1 5. 1 - - - - . . . 1. 1 1 3 1 .7 1 Shift d ifferen tia l data a re p resen ted in te rm s o f (a) establish m en t p o lic y , and (b) w o rk e rs actually e m p lo y e d on late shifts at the tim e o f the su rv ey . An esta b lish m en t was co n s id e re d as having a p o licy if it m et eith er o f the fo llo w in g c o n d i tion s: (l) O perated late shifts at the tim e o f the s u rv e y , o r (2) had fo rm a l p ro v is io n s co v e rin g late sh ifts. 2 Inclu des such com b in a tion plans as a c e n ts -p e r -h o u r o r p ercen ta g e d iffe re n tia l plus a paid lunch p e rio d ; full d a y 's pay fo r red u ced hours plus a flat sum ; and fu ll d a y 's pay f o r red u ced hours plus a c e n ts -p e r -h o u r o r percen tage d iffe re n tia l. t L e s s than 0 .0 5 p ercen t. O ccup ation al Wage S u rvey, San F ra n cisco -O a k la n d , C a lif. , January 1956 U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 13 Table B-2-. Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w it h s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m M a n u fa c t u r in g M in im u m r a te (w e e k ly s a la r y ) s tu d ie d _ ______ ____________________ ____________ 248 81 40 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 167 F O R IN E X P E R IE N C E D E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g a s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m _______________ $ 3 2 . 50 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 .0 0 and and and and and and under under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ 3 5 . 00 3 7 . 50 4 0 . 00 4 2 . 50 4 5 . 00 4 7 .5 0 __ ___________ _____________________ ___________ _________________________ _______________ ___________ _______ ______ ______________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ $ 4 7 . 50 an d u n d er $ 5 0 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------ $ 50. 00 and u n der $ 5 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5 .0 0 an d u n d er $ 5 2 . 5 0 _______________________________________ $ 5 5 . 0 0 _____ __ __ ______ _____ ____ $ 5 7 . 5 0 _______________ __ -------- ------------- $ 5 7 . 50 a n d u n d er $ 6 0 .0 0 a n d u n d er $ 6 0 . 0 0 --------------------------------------------------------$ 6 2 . 5 0 __ ------------------------------- __ ----------- $ 6 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 . 0 0 _______________________________________ $ 6 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 7 . 5 0 ______ _____________ .________________ $ 6 7 . 5 0 a n d o v e r _____________________ ___________ _ ______ ___ E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g n o s p e c i f ie d m i n i m u m _______ _ ra te in — N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts 37V z 3 8 ’ /. XXX XXX A ll 40 XXX s c h e d u le s 248 T Y P IS T S 34 71 10 10 42 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 2 - - - - - 2 8 - 1 1 7 3 13 1 2 11 1 16 11 3 4 3 3 13 7 4 1 2 6 6 17 - 1 2 2 2 4 12 15 13 9 6 6 6 7 - 3 5 4 4 4 19 9 16 - 128 1 1 4 12 12 9 5 3 7 1 - - 5 4 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 2 - - 3 - - 1 1 2 2 67 20 XXX 47 XXX XXX XXX 69 66 18 XXX 48 XXX XXX XXX 50 1 - XXX XXX XXX XXX 9 14 3 6 5 1 1 81 40 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 167 F O R O T H E R IN E X P E R IE N C E D _ - - - - - - - 13 4 5 1 2 h ir in g r a t e in — N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u s tr ie s 43 114 w it h s p e c i f i e d m in im u m M a n u fa c t u r in g B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u s tr ie s A ll s c h e d u le s E s ta b lis h m e n ts h ir in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 48 38 _ _ - - 1 1 1 6 6 1 9 4 7 4 10 6 9 4 80 1 1 3 - 11 1 IT 5 4 11 6 10 3 7 V2 3 8 3/ 4 XXX XXX C L E R IC A L 9 _ 1 _ 50 _ - 1 3 5 3 - 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 1 - - XXX W ORKERS 12 1 1 2 2 2 40 8 6 3 6 4 4 7 4 - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 1 - - 2 1 1 19 XXX 50 XXX XXX XXX 14 XXX 36 XXX XXX XXX “ XXX XXX XXX XXX - - 3 - 2 1 - 7 4 E s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ic h d id n o t e m p lo y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y _ ______ _____ D a t a n o t a v a i l a b l e _____________ 1 ______ ___ _ ______________________ ___________ __ ____________ 1 1 1 L o w est s a la ry rate fo r m a lly esta b lish ed fo r hiring in ex p erien ced w o r k e rs fo r typing or other c l e r ic a l jo b s . H ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich em p loy ees r e c e iv e their re g u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a re p re se n te d fo r a ll w orkw eeks com b in ed , and fo r the m o st com m on w orkw eeks re p o rte d . O ccupation al Wage S urvey, San F ra n c is co -O a k la n d , C a lif. , January 1956 U .S . DEPA RTM EN T OF LABOR B ureau o f L abor S tatistics 14 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours T PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N - PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— W eekly hours A ll in d u s t r ie s z M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b lic u t ili t ie s * W h o le s a le tra d e R e ta il tra d e F in a n ce ** S e r v ic e s i M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b lic u t ili t ie s 100 100 _ _ t 9 _ _ 91 ■ AU w o r k e r s ____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Under 37 l2fz hours __ ------- — ----------------------37V2 hours _ __ __ „ __ „ __ ------------------ __ O ver 37V2 and under 383/* h o u r s ____ __ _____ 383/ j h o u r s _____________________________________ O v er 383/4 and under 40 h o u r s ________________ 40 hours ____ ____________ ______ ______________ O v er 40 h o u r s ____ ____ _____________________ 5 17 5 10 t 63 7 16 6 9 t 9 t 10 - - - - 6 79 ' ' " " t 24 12 17 46 - t 11 10 67 t 6 t 7 84 - - t 91 _ Wholesale A ll in d u s tr ie s t - t 86 t 87 98 t t * trad e R e ta il tra d e S e r v ic e s 100 t 13 _ _ _ 83 t 1 Data rela te to w om en w o r k e rs only. 2 Inclu des data f o r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra te ly . 3 Inclu des data fo r re a l esta te and s e r v ic e s in addition to those ind ustry d iv isio n s shown se p a ra te ly , t L e s s than 2. 5 p e rce n t. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. * * F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. Table B-4: Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Item All 2 industries Manufacturing Public j. utilities v Wholesale trade Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance** Services All , industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade __ 10 0 100 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 10 0 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s _________ __________________________ 100 1 00 1 00 100 100 100 95 92 1 00 1 00 99 t - - - t - _ 3 - _ - t 4 12 10 t 49 47 t 16 11 4 56 53 3 16 4 4 62 60 - - 7 7 23 23 70 70 - _ 7 7 57 57 36 36 - - - - - - 5 8 - t A l l w o r k e r s ___ __ _ __ _________ __________ 2 3 5 6 h o lid a y s __ __ __ __ __ _____ __________ h o l i d a y s _____________________________________ _____ h o l i d a y s __________________________________________ h o l i d a y s _________________________________________ F u l l d a y s o n l y _________________________________ P lu s 2 h a lf d a y s _ ______ _ — ------- __ 7 h o l i d a y s ___^____________________________________ F u l l d a y s o n l y _________________________________ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y ____ __ --------- __ __ __ __ P l u s 2 , 3 , o r 4 h a l f d a y s __ --------- __ __ 8 h o l i d a y s _______________ __________________________ F u l l d a y s o n l y _________________________________ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y ________________________________ 9 h o l i d a y s __ __ _________ __ __ ___ ____ __ F u l l d a y s o n l y _____ ;__________________________ _ P lu s 1 h a lf d a y _ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ______________________________ 10 h o l i d a y s a n d o v e r W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s ____________________________________ t 5 5 t 50 48 t t 36 34 t 7 4 t t 3 ■ t t t t - - 9 9 75 75 15 15 - t 4 - - ■ ■ ■ “ 11 9 3 69 68 t 19 19 - t t 20 20 t 72 72 - T 9 9 78 71 6 9 9 - 3 3 - t t 27 27 51 47 5 15 8 5 3 6 t t 27 26 t t t t 20 18 t Services t 15 15 t t - 1 E stim a tes rela te to fu ll-d a y holid a ys p rov id ed annually, a s in e a r lie r stu d ie s. T h ese a re fu rth er divid ed betw een w o r k e rs who r e c e iv e m e r e ly the in d ica ted n u m ber o f fu ll-d a y h olid a y s, and th ose who r e c e iv e 1 o r m o re h a lf h olid a ys in addition. 2 Inclu des data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose industry d iv isio n s shown se p a ra te ly . 3 Includes data fo r r e a l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose industry d iv isio n s shown s e p a ra te ly. f L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t. O ccupational Wage S u rvey, San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , C a l i f ., January 1956 * T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u tilitie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l esta te. B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics Table B-5: PERCEN T V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll w o rk e rs A ll . i n d u s t r ie s 1 — ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M a n u fa c t u r in g O F O F F IC E P u b lic u t ili t ie s * W ORKERS W h o l e s a le tra d e Paid Vacations EM PLOYED R e ta il tra d e IN — PERCEN T F in a n ce * * S e r v ic e s A ll 2 in d u s t r ie s M a n u fa c t u r in g OF PLAN T P u b lic u t ilit ie s * W ORKERS EM PLOYED W h o l e s a le tra d e IN — R e ta il tra d e 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 t t - 73 26 ~ " “ t M ETHOD OF PAYM EN T W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ------------------- --------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ------------------------------------------------- --------------O th e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - 87 13 “ “ t - - - . - - - A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 18 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 61 - - - 82 93 38 t t - t t 28 - 72 62 - 38 _ 61 - 9 25 100 - - - - - “ t t _ t _ 12 - - - 7 75 55 19 62 22 24 15 73 _ 4 72 _ _ 27 28 - _ _ - - t 99 4 95 _ _ - - - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e t t 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t - 98 98 t t t - t 5 92 t 100 99 - - - - 100 - 4 20 12 61 t - 4 8 _ 81 15 t - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e _ _ t t 85 99 98 10 - - 4 - - 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 8 _ - - - - - - 96 93 5 79 - w e e k s ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 87 O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------- t 4 - t - t - 7 3 t 5 9 2 96 100 ■ 100 " 98 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e O v er 1 and un d er 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------- -----------— — — —- —- —---------------------- — 4 w e e k s and o v e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _ _ _ _ _ _ t t 86 6 8 93 82 95 89 t 85 14 89 4 89 3 16 t 8 t 9 - 7 * 10 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s ta te . - _ _ 89 90 10 3 9 6 - 10 t S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . ** t _ 84 c o m m u n ic a tio n , NOTE: San F ra n cis co -O a k la n d , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s U .S . C a lif. , J a n u a ry DEPARTM EN T OF 1956 LABOR B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s In t h e t a b u l a t i o n s , o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n "le n g t h o f t i m e , " su ch as p e rce n ta g e o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s o r fla t-s u m p a y m en ts, w e re c o n v e r t e d to a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a paym ent of 2 percen t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k ’s p a y . 16 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a c a tio n p o l i c y All industries1 Manufacturing PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— All 2 industries Manufacturing 100 100 100 71 14 16 - t 81 4 15 t t 75 4 40 5 55 - t 31 t 67 t Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 82 t 15 t 90 87 6 - 3 - 13 - 9 t 89 t 21 34 - - 79 ‘ 66 9 t 89 21 34 - 9 66 82 68 67 10 86 ■ 8 t t t Public utilities # Finance# # 100 100 2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------- -?------------------ 75 76 O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s and o v e r ------------------------------------------------------ 6 - 19 t 24 - 28 t 70 t 20 16 t 79 4 18 78 4 . _ . 14 t 67 19 18 9 t 85 5 21 34 - - - 64 15 52 14 65 28 A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------- Services Wholesale trade Retail trade: 100 100 100 84 4 t 89 3 9 - 87 _ 13 - t 10 41 59 Public utilities * A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y - C o n tin u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s . ------------------------------------- 20 “ 10 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s and o v e r ---------------------------------------------------- 80 " t 33 - 67 - 10 86 t 90 - A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------- 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s and o v e r ------------------------------------------------------ t 79 - - t 29 t t 30 - t 10 90 “ 41 59 " 10 38 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------- 2 w e e k s ------------------------------—--------------------------------- ----O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------4 w e e k s and o v e r ------------------------------------------------------ - 63 18 1 In c lu d e s data f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . In c lu d e s data f o r r e a l e s t a t e and s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y , t L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . _ t t 7 29 t 59 30 10 - 55 14 _ t 10 86 - - 84 51 t 6 11 17 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans1 4 3 2 PERCENT T y p e o f p la n A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------- A ll , in d u s t r ie s M a n u fa c t u r in g OP P u b lic u t ili t ie s * O F F IC E W ORKERS EM PLOYED W h o le s a le trad e R e ta il tra d e 10 0 1 0 0 100 100 10 0 IN — PERCEN T F in a n ce * * 1 0 0 S e r v ic e s A ll , in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c t u r in g 1 0 0 10 0 OF PLAN T P u b lic u t ilit ie s * 1 0 0 W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN — W h o le s a le tra d e R e t a il t r a d e 1 0 0 10 0 S e r v ic e s W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------------A c c i d e n t a l d e a th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e -----------------------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 3 ------------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e 4 -----------S ic k l e a v e (fu ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------H o s p it a liz a t io n i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------S u r g i c a l .i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------J----------------M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e --------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n -------------------------------------------N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s i o n p l a n ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 94 95 99 76 1 0 0 95 98 94 42 55 13 56 38 39 49 65 14 67 29 66 57 27 91 66 22 77 42 55 23 46 31 64 16 41 29 85 30 8 6 46 28 47 44 58 47 17 56 17 13 34 6 t 86 9 83 79 70 14 47 9 78 83 80 15 26 3 83 83 2 0 77 76 63 15 70 29 33 33 33 49 23 23 23 51 5 90 90 80 7 52 t t t 86 73 12 70 t 8 87 t 61 21 84 7 In c lu d e s data f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c lu d e s data f o r r e a l e s t a t e an d s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o se in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . U n d u p lica te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y bel<'"" N ot c o m p a r a b l e w ith e s t im a t e s in p r e v io u s s t u d ie s , t L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . 1 2 3 4 79 79 74 8 8 94 10 0 11 49 87 87 83 14 35 86 2 0 12 93 93 91 10 25 t O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , San F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d , C a lif. , J a n u a ry 1956 U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u rea u o f L a b o r S t a t is tic s 19 Appendix*. Job Descriptions The a ssist a its v a riety and of from rates p rim a ry field sta ff p a y roll area to ca n tly title s and in of use in to is co m p a ra b le those p re p a rin g w ork esse n tia l job in d iv id u a l the in g a p p re n tice s, lea rn ers, su p e rv iso rs, and p rob a tion a ry to B ecause the B u r e a u ’s fie ld the th is jo b on prepared tra in e e s, are surveys is e m p lo y e d to of to under e s ta b lis h m e n t o ccu p a tion a l wage i-n te re sta b lish m e n t d escrip tion s re p re se n ta tiv e s b eg in n ers, are g rou p in g em p h a sis those wage who e s ta b lis h m e n t the B u r e a u ’s or B u r e a u ’s w orkers from p e rm it of e s ta b lis h m e n ts d escrip tion s, for occu p a tio n s order con ten t, a p p ly in g th e se jo b tem p orary, d escrip tion s a rra n gem en ts in con ten t. occu p a tion a l in jo b a p p rop ria te d ifferen t T h is com p a ra b ility from of cla ssify in g area. rep re se n tin g in tera rea purpose in for m ay d iffer oth er purposes. in s tr u cte d to h a n d ica p p ed and sig n ifi In exclu d e w o r k w ork ers, p a rt-tim e , w orkers. O f f i c e B IL L E R , P repares than as an statem en ts, ord in a ry to b illin g s cid en ta l B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E M A C H IN E to m a ch in e , or or sh ip p in g b illin g are b ills , electrom a tic charges by For type in v o ice s of wage on M ay or p erform o p e ra tio n s. cla ss ifie d and ty p e w r ite r. other stu dy m a ch in e, as a m a ch in e a lso keep cle rica l w ork purposes, C la s s other records in b ille rs , the stru ctu re m in e s m a ch in e are (M oon ord ers, from typ in g a n d a d d in g m em oranda, by d iscou n ts e x ten sion s, m a ch in e , m a ch in e. and The carbon cop ie s of fa n fold m a ch in e. w h ich m ay w h ich or sp ecia l be prepare in tern a lly U su a lly in v o lv e s m ay charges not be in v o lv e s and w h ic h b ills and prepared a p p lica tio n and entry com p u ted on a u to m a tica lly prepared b illin g e tc ., orders, are u su a lly b ein g a B urroughs, sh ip p in g tota ls b ill U ses m a ch in e s) to etc. and o p e ra tio n the - F ish er, cu s to m e rs ’ purchase sh ip p in g n ecessary m a ch in e ) E llio tt p re d e te rm in e d b illin g (b illin g H op k in s, co m b in a tio n in v o ice s of m a ch in e of the a ccu m u la te d a la rg e is often num ber done on of a used of a m a ch in e m ay b ills or as in v o lv e s record . num ber (b ook k eep in g (S u n d stra n d , m ay not part the E llio tt F is h e r , h ave ty p e w r ite r of the accou nts s im u lta n e o u s The m a ch in e d e b it o r cred it ed ge o f b o o k k e e p in g . W orks s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . U ses of b ook k eep in g prepare on cu stom ers’ G e n e ra lly cu stom ers’ a ccu m u la te s b a la n ces. e tc . , w h ich o p e ra tio n . fig u res and com pu tes from a R em in g ton R a n d , re c e iv a b le entry - k e y b o a r d ) to a u to m a tica lly o f v e r tic a l colu m n s m a t ic a lly the m a ch in e ) fig u re s and u s u a lly p rin ts D oes u n ifo rm not. in v o lv e and stan dard led ger on a auto a k n ow l types O perates F ish er, out a a ven tory S u n d stran d , ty p e w r ite r B urroughs, m a ch in e N a tion a l C a s h R e g is t e r , k e y b o a rd ) to k eep (R e m in g to n a record of b u s in e ss Rand, w ith o r E llio tt a cco u n tin g of the and b a la n ce s C LE R K , etc. re q u irin g and p re p a re has or ite m s con solid a ted hand. accou nts or se ctio n s of b a sic b o o k p a y a b le , p a y roll, o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d expense a s s i s t in sheets of D eter cred it phases little k n o w le d g e d istrib u tion , con trol by a s im p le type check used. and prepare or m ore in clu d e - d istrib u tion , in p re p a ra tio n fo r the a cco u n tin g U nder g en era l d irection r e s p o n s ib ility fo r k eep in g set of books m e n t ’s b u s in e s s su b sid ia ry or or p a y a b le ; proper a cco u n tin g m a k in g of tria l departm en t. a cco u n tin g C la s s B U nder bank by le d g e rs . and w h ic h the tra n sa ctio n s. tio n a l b a sis as and of p ostin g accou nts of a com an e s ta b lis h and b a la n c in g re c e iv a b le in v o ic e s req u ires or accou nt s e ctio n s to one p h a se cod in g and clo s in g or ju d gm en t or vouchers and a llo c a tio n s . M ay jou rn a l en tries; su p erv ision , such p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , w ith m ore a c w ith e x p e rie n ce a ssist in m a y d ire ct cla ss cle rk s. - re co n cilin g a cco u n tin g and a ssig n a tion s o p e ra tio n s general of a bookkeeper or W o rk in v o lv e s such d istrib u tion ; a d ju s tin g , one rela tin g le d g e rs ex a m in in g proper p rep a rin g , records tra n sa ction s. le d g e r cou nts B M ay k n ow led g e A C C O U N T IN G p lete in cost M ay d e b it records of one a a n d f a m i lia r it y w ith system of w ork. other s e ctio n s m a ch in e), co n tro l, a cco u n tin g b ook k eep in g or re q u irin g p rin cip le s d istrib u tio n a record u s u a lly Phases under b ille r, of O PE R ATO R sheets, C o n tin u e d records c u s t o m e r s ’ a c c o u n t s (n ot in c lu d in g accou nts B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E of and phase K eeps set of re co rd s k e e p in g . set p a rtic u la r each - C la s s A m a ch in e the b a la n ce B a records in C la s s ant, B ille r, K eeps - in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g of proper reports, B ille r, - and e x p e r ie n ce to fo llo w s: A O PE R ATO R m ore accou nts; T h is b ook k eep in g rou tin e am ong as one s im p le e n terin g v o u c h e r s p ostin g job not p rin c ip le s w ork w orkers. or is is rou tin e vouchers, in v o u c h e r reg isters; led g ers req u ire but m ore jo u rn a l su b sid ia ry does a cco u n tin g several p e rfo rm s p ostin g a fou n d co n tro lle d k n ow led g e of in in su b d iv id ed o ffices on a fu n c 20 C LER K , K E Y -P U N C H F IL E C la ss system . m ay A - R e sp on sib le C la s sifie s a lso file th is in c o n j u n c t io n m a teria l in C la s s has B - C LER K , m a in ta in in g keep su p erv ise ro u tin e or of filin g , and types loca tin g cle rica l u s u a lly or v a rio u s in filin g of a ssists d u ties. m a te ria l that in l o c a t in g fo llo w in g : by p u n ch in g u sin g an w ritte n M ay ow n v e rify O F F IC E in cid en ta l c le r ic a l d u ties. cu stom ers1 orders p e rs o n a lly . ite m s to p rice s to m ake for D u ties m a teria l or in v o lv e cu stom ers; up the order; any m a k in g m erch a n d ise co m b in a tio n out an ch eck in g p r ic e s of of follow orders cu stom er, up orders re c e iv e d , a ck n ow led g e to and see that check re c e ip t by of order BOY th ey have s h ip p in g the sheet and OR s a r y data on the ea rn in g s based on p a y ro ll out trib u tin g p a y roll on tim e sh eet, tim e , rate, sh eets. or of punch va riou s rou tin e d u ties m a il, and m in o r other such as se a le rs ru n n in g or the cards. clerica l op en in g w ork. P erform s a d m in istra tiv e for secreta ria l and or ex ecu tiv e su p erior; cle rica l p osition . re c e iv in g d u tie s D u ties p eop le for a in clu d e com in g in to su p erior m a k in g office; m a k in g phone or the ca lls; h a n d lin g sten otype or personal s im ila r r e c o r d e d in fo rm a tio n sp e cia l re p o rts and m a ch in e, reproduced im p orta n t and or co n fi in itia tiv e ; e ith e r in tra n scrib in g on a tra n scrib in g or m em ora n d a for in a n a p p o in t a n sw e rin g d en tia l m a il, and w ritin g ro u tin e correspon den ce on ow n ta k in g d icta tio n (w h ere tra n s crib in g m a c h in e is not u sed ) o rig in a l errands, m a ile rs, keep w ith u sin g oth ers. d istrib u tin g for in su ra n ce, a ssist M ay such as a C a lcu la tin g p ostin g in form a tion d icta m a ch in e. of su p e rio r. and tota l in w ages m a k in g ca lcu la tin g up duty is w o rk e rs1 d ata w o rk in g other type but, of other in of P rim a ry eith er in norm al due. M ay w r ite r. and d is files m a ch in e . duty shorthand rou tin e M ay in jo b a lso order, cle rk , w h ich , not w h ich use of to be m ay th is con fu sed in v o lv e m ath e w ith type m a ch in e is P rim a ry duty eith er in use of v a ried te ch n ica l or in cid en ta l to reports shorthand on file s M ay in O PE R ATO R (M IM E O G R A P H OR such m im e o g ra p h as re q u ired u sed s te n cils o r p leted m a te ria l. for to and prepare d itto in k or d itto paper sten cil m asters. m a ch in e. feed M akes cou n ter and necessary cy lin d e r or d itto m aster. M ay M ay sort, colla te, and is M ay a lso D oes set not person s, in v o lv in g d icta tion tra n s crib in g -m a ch in e to tak e by d icta tion sten otyp e research a lso order, S W IT C H B O A R D a th is etc. or m ore m a ch in e, on up a a type and in clu d e keep tran o p era tor). type and s im p le to fro m one s im ila r voca b u la ry from keep or such as tra n scrib e w ritte n copy. record s, or m ore m a ch in e, in le g a l th is M ay etc. persons, in v o lv in g b rie fs d icta tion a lso D oes set on up not a or a and in clu d e w ork. D IT T O ) U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n a n d w ith n o s u p e r v is o r y respon sib ilitie s,, re p r o d u c e s m u ltip le c o p ie s o f ty p e w ritte n o r h a n d w ritten u sin g (see copy. record s, one s im ila r to tr a n s c r ib e w ritte n s p e cia liz e d tra n scrib in g -m a ch in e D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E fro m or s cie n tific ty p e w r ite r. and or T E C H N IC A L of d u ties. d icta tion fr o m sten otyp e s im p le w ork that freq u en t to take by keep scrib in g -m a ch in e a C o m p to m e te r to p e r fo r m is is or v o ca b u la ry , STEN O G RA PH E R , to o p e ra te T h is GEN ERAL n eces ca lcu la te d w o r k e r ’s n a m e, paym aster use the keep not file s fille d , O PE R ATO R C om p tom eter p erform a n ce Is K eeps follow in g by and and enters in v o lv e : records; in form a tion e n v e lo p e s. P rim a ry or D u ties p rod u ction and com p u ta tion s. s ta tis tica l com p a n y e m p lo y e e s d ed u ction s paychecks pay of sh ow in g C O M PTO M E TER ju stm en t of m a ch in e , cards cards sequence, G IR L STEN OG RAPH ER, m atter, w ork sp e cifie d d u p lica te m a ch in e. resp o n si tab u la tin g P A Y R O L L C om pu tes w ages a or to a k ey -p u n ch M ay such as sh orth an d or b y m a tica l n u m e rica l m a ch in es M ay prepare days, in cards on SEC R ETA R Y tio n m ake the in record s. attach ed su p erv isory data from orders. C LER K , a w ith n o orders been in v o ic e s or and s ta tis tica l office an d q u a n tities of h oles on w ork and m in o r m ents ra tin g of a lp h a b etica l d evice m in e file se rie s d u p lica tin g o f item s on o r d e r sh eet; d istrib u tin g o r d e r sh eets to r e s p e c t iv e d e p a rtm e n ts to b e fille d . M a y c h e c k w ith c r e d it d e p a rtm e n t to d e t e r cu stom ers, a a cco u n tin g in fo rm a tio n o p e ra tin g or cred it gen era l su p erv ision records P erform s Q u otin g lis t in g the b ilitie s, m a ORDER phone, U nder filin g other m a te ria l; in cid en ta l lo ca te s M ay p erform e sta b lish e d or records others p e rfo rm cla s s ifie d , an correspon den ce M ay M ay P erform s file s. R ece iv e s m a il, or file s. a lre a d y b een t e r i a l in the m a teria l. w ith file s the for and in d e x e s OPERATO R keep sta p le ad O perates D u ties speed. ca lls. file m a tio n of co m O PERATO R in v o lv e M ay to record persons F or w orkers re ce p tio n ist. a s in g le - h a n d lin g to ll who w ho a lso or m u ltip le-p osition in com in g , ca lls ca ll and in , act as or o u tg oin g , take te le p h o n e and m essa ges. o cc a s io n a lly recep tion ists see sw itch b oa rd . in tra p la n t M ay or g iv e take te le p h o n e sw itch b oa rd office in for ord ers. operator- 21 SW IT C H B O A R D In a d d it io n to p e r f o r m i n g tio n type or m o n ito r-ty p e or p erform T h is ty p in g tim e w h ile or d u ties sw itch b oa rd , rou tin e of acts cle rica l cle rica l w ork at T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T w ork m a y tak e operator, as on recep tion ist as part the m a j o r of a s in g le p o s i in clu d ed . and or m ay reg u la r part of th is a lso A w orker sim ila r T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O perates s im p le or that a u to m a tica lly in groups form s or a cco u n tin g records; w irin g of p lu g b o a rd s a ccord in g on d ia g ra m s; p la ces cards to of a n a ly zes ta b u la tin g b e tab u la ted m a c h in e . M a y file c a r d s a fte r op era te a u x ilia ry m a ch in e s . they out M ay O PERATO R m a ch in e punched does are cards sets to in f e e d and and or tra n s la te s p rin ts a d ju s ts tab u la ted . M ay, trib u tin g O PE R A TO R , v o ca b u la ry from s crib in g la ry duty w ritte n as from copy d icta tion such is to C la s s m a teria l and starts a d d itio n , GEN ERAL tra n scrib in g and do in v o lv in g lega l tra n scrib e a b rie fs d icta tion m a ch in e s im p le v a r ie d te ch n ica l or record s. cle rica l reports on w ork. or a M ay research D R A FTSM A N , (A ssista n t and D raw s p oses. others U ses v a ried of u n its or parts e n g in eerin g , v a riou s types vocabu are of of d ra w in g s con stru ction , d ra ftin g or prepared by or as re q u ire d . sk etch es, or p erform and d ire cts w ork in g p la n s for in v o lv e p e rform in g sk etch es, a ssig n in g m ore d eta il e n g in e e rin g , and a to or one d ra w in g s of m ore from the M ay pu r sten otyp e a n d or M ay or p re m a n u fa ctu rin g In terp retin g d e te rm in in g w ork and in s p e ctin g th e ir w o r k ; a ssist su b ord in a tes m a teria l another tra in in g , reports, or such or to person. as so rtin g keep and d is or of and in the unusual or is ty p in g ta b les form letters, to from copy a fre q u e n t fro m fo re ig n - several ta b les T yp in g d ra ft; there w ords from s ta tis tica l rou tin e follo w in g : in v o lv e d w h ich m a teria l in s p a c in g ; type of rough and copy com p lica te d M ay m ore sources, m a in ta in rough v a ry in g or u n i d ra ft d eta ils in to B - P erform s cle a r one or or typ ed m ore p o l ic i e s , e t c . ; s ettin g up c o m p le x ta b les of d ra fts; s im p le a lrea d y the follow in g : rou tin e set typ in g T yp in g of fo rm s, sta n d a rd ta b u la tion s, up or and sp a ced p rop erly . T e c h n i c a l a LEAD ER or as su p erv isory D R A FTSM AN , o th e r d u ties rough by a or - C o n tin u e d reg u la r a ssig n m en t, a d m in istra tiv e or p erform rela ted d u ties nature. SE N IO R p re d r a f t s m e n in follow in g : verbal orders; s u b ord in a tes p rob lem s. or co n stru ctio n , co m b in a tio n w ritte n d u ties d iffic u lt and of v a riou s m ade sp ecia l and very te ch n ica l b a la n ce co p y in g m o r e rough a ctiv itie s one from co m b in in g P repares w ork in g d e ta iled sk etch es or purposes. d u rin g s ca le tio n s by such trusses; to be of as used, ch an ges on p e n cil and com p leted q u a n tities; d ra w in g s, d ra w in g s. a rch ite ctu ra l, or in v o lv e a is e le ctrica l, in w ritin g m aps, m a k in g strength w ork, d ra w in g s of ch eck in g freq u en tly m ech a n ica l, M ay u n its in or a of of or the notes, m anu fo llo w in g : c r o s s -s e c tio n s , etc. , en g in eerin g m a teria ls, m a k in g sp ecia lized stru ctu ral and m a te ria ls a d ju stm e n ts in k in lin e s co m p le te com puta beam s d im en sion s, sp e cifica tio n s; d eta il from con stru ction , co m b in a tio n sp e cifica tio n s. prepare W ork d eta il in stru m en ts; in v o lv e d in d r a w in g s and e n g in e e rin g , d e ta il d r a w in g s , d ra ftin g those v e rify in g or trace use p la n s fo r D u ties P r e p a r in g w ork in g p la n s , D u ties procedu res; by d ra fts m a n u fa ctu rin g to o ls of been little corrected of rela tiv ely in su ra n ce not LE A D E R sk etch es b lu e p rin ts, and C la s s to P la n s lim in a ry or g en era l. circu m sta n ce s. fa ctu rin g D R A FTSM A N , purposes. shorthand cop ies have records form or use form . e m e rg e n cie s s ca le p la in la you t d ra ftsm a n ) for m ake in v o lv in g filin g P erform s p lan n in g D R A FTSM AN , to - copy; JU N IO R p a re d ra w in g s fr o m s im p le p la n s u n d er d ire ctio n o f a d ra ftsm a n . p re p a ra tio n in sten ogra p h er, m a il. la n g u a g e from of or A from a lso tran P r o f e s s i o n a l m an a norm al W orkers s p e cia liz e d scie n tific w ork in fin a l in g fin a l in v o lv in g to ca lcu la tio n s record s, in co m in g su it P rim a ry rou tin e as tran s p ra ctice in ty p e w r ite r a fter clerica l s im p le m a ch in e ; e sta b lish e d m a g a zin e do a b ills form ity T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E type d icta tion C o n tin u e d T Y P IS T in g data tak es cla ss ifie d - sw itch b o a rd . U ses in fo rm a tio n is G E N ER A L d u ties. w o r k e r ’s m ake la ted who m a ch in e O PE R A TO R , and letters d ra w in g s, field d ra ftin g . such or as 22 NU RSE, N U RSE, IN D U S T R IA L (R E G IS T E R E D ) A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t a id to th e i l l o r in ju r e d ; a t te n d in g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s * i n j u r i e s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a tie n ts t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o th e r p u r p o s e s ; c o n d u c tin g p h y s ic a l e x a m in a tio n s an d h e a lth e v a lu a t io n s o f a p p lic a n ts a n d e m p lo y e e s ; an d p la n n in g an d c a r r y in g ou t p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lth e d u c a t io n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a t io n o f p la n t Maintenance CARPEN TER, M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t a n d m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o r k an d e q u ip m e n t su ch a s b i n s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t it io n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , an d t r im m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P la n n in g an d la y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r *s h a n d to o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , an d s ta n d a r d m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; s e le c t in g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o r k . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n in g and e x p e r i e n c e . E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l tr a d e fu n c tio n s s u c h a s the in s t a lla t io n , m a in t e n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f e q u ip m e n t f o r the g e n e r a t in g , d is t r ib u t io n , o r u t iliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : I n s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g an y o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t s u c h as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a tin g u n it s , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b l u e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u t , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; lo c a t in g an d d ia g n o s in g t r o u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g s t a n d a r d c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n Js h a n d to o ls an d m e a s u r in g an d te s tin g in s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e rie n c e . IN D U S T R IA L (R E G I S T E R E D ) - e n v ir o n m e n t , o r o th e r a c t i v it ie s s a fe t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. C o n tin u e d a ffe c t i n g th e h e a lt h , w e lfa r e , and TRACER C o p ie s p la n s an d d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s , b y p la c in g t r a c in g c lo t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w in g an d t r a c in g w ith p e n o r p e n c i l . U s e s T - s q u a r e , c o m p a s s , and o t h e r d r a ft in g t o o l s . M ay p rep a re s im p le d r a w in g s and do s im p le le t t e r i n g . and Powerplant E N G IN E E R , S T A T IO N A R Y O p e r a te s and m a in ta in s an d m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t io n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s an d e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to s u p p ly th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h e a t , r e f r i g e r a t io n , o r a i r - c o n d it io n in g . W o r k in v o l v e s : O p e r a tin g an d m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t su ch a s s te a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s an d b o i l e r - f e d w a te r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d fu e l c o n s u m p t io n . M a y a l s o s u p e r v is e th e s e o p e r a t i o n s . H e a d o r c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an on e e n g in e e r a r e e x c l u d e d . F IR E M A N , S T A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s to fu r n is h th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith h e a t, p o w e r , o r s t e a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e b y h an d o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o il b u r n e r ; c h e c k s w a t e r an d s a fe t y v a lv e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t. HELPER, TRADES, M A IN T E N A N C E A s s i s t s on e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k i lle d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r fo r m in g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r i a l s an d t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and e q u ip m e n t; a s s i s t i n g w o r k e r b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s a s d i r e c t e d by j o u r n e y m a n . T h e k in d o f w o r k the h e lp e r is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m tr a d e to tr a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lift in g , an d h o ld in g m a t e r ia l s an d t o o l s a n d c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; an d in o th e r s he is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t s o f a tr a d e th at a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u ll- t i m e b a s i s . 23 M A C H I N E -T O O L OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S p e c i a l i z e s in th e o p e r a t io n o f on e o r m o r e ty p e s o f m a c h in e t o o l s , s u c h a s j i g b o r e r s , c y l i n d r i c a l o r s u r fa c e g r i n d e r s , e n g in e la t h e s , o r m i llin g m a c h in e s in the c o n s t r u c t io n o f m a c h in e - s h o p t o o l s , g a u g e s , j i g s , f i x t u r e s , o r d i e s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g a n d p e r f o r m i n g d iffic u lt m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n s ; p r o c e s s i n g it e m s r e q u ir i n g c o m p l i c a t e d se tu p s o r a h igh d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e l e c t in g f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o lin g a n d o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s d u rin g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is it e t o l e r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s . M a y b e r e q u i r e d to r e c o g n i z e w h en t o o ls n e e d d r e s s i n g , to d r e s s t o o l s , a n d t o s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s and cu ttin g an d lu b r ic a t in g o i l s . F or c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m , in t o o l a n d d ie jo b b in g s h o p s a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . M A C H IN IS T , M E C H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m en t. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s an d m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n t lin g m a c h in e s an d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e th e u s e o f h a n d to o ls in s c r a p in g an d fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c t iv e p a r t s w ith it e m s o b ta in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h in e sh op o r sen d in g o f the m a c h in e to a m a c h in e sh o p f o r m a jo r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r in g w r it te n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; an d m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a in te n a n ce m e c h a n ic r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y d u ties in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . M A IN T E N A N C E M IL L W R IG H T P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s an d n ew p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : In te r p r e t in g w r it t e n i n s t r u c t io n s a n d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g an d la y in g out o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t ’ s h a n d to o ls an d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e t tin g up a n d o p e r a t in g s ta n d a r d m a c h in e t o o l s ; sh a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e l a t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o lin g , fe e d s and s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f the c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e l e c t in g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , an d e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d f o r h is w o r k ; fittin g a n d a s s e m b li n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h i n i s t ’s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u ir e s a ro u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h in e s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e . I n s t a lls n ew m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t and d is m a n t le s and in s t a ll s m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h en c h a n g e s in the p la n t l a y out a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t o f th e w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o th e r s p e c if i c a t io n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls an d r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to s t r e s s e s , s t r e n g th o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lin in g an d b a la n c in g o f e q u ip m e n t ; s e le c t in g s ta n d a r d t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t , an d p a r t s to b e u s e d ; in s t a llin g an d m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t su c h a s d r iv e s an d s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m i l l w r i g h t ’s w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a ro u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e in the tr a d e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . O IL E R M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T I V E (M A IN T E N A N C E ) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b il e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , an d t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g e q u ip m e n t a n d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that in v o lv e the u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b li n g o r fit tin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g a n d a d ju s tin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g an d in s t a llin g th e v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h ic le an d m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s ; a lin in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s an d lig h t s , o r tig h te n in g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e a u to m o tiv e m e c h a n ic r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . s u r fa c e s L u b r i c a t e s , w ith o il o r g r e a s e , the m o v in g p a r t s o r w e a r in g o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . P A IN T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E P a in t s an d r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and fix t u r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s th e fo llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s an d ty p e s o f p a in t r e q u ir e d f o r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r f a c e f o r p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la c in g p u tty o r f i l l e r , in n a il h o le s an d i n t e r s t i c e s ; a p p ly in g p a in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m ix c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , a n d o th e r p a in t in g r e d ie n t s to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p a in t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . 24 P IP E F IT T E R , S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN T E N A N C E I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fit t in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l lo w in g : L a y in g out o f w o r k an d m e a s u r in g to l o c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o th e r w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith c h i s e l an d h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u t t i n g m a c h in e ; th r e a d in g p ip e w ith s t o c k s an d d ie s ; b e n d in g p ip e b y h a n d -d r iv e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b li n g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s an d fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , a n d s i z e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d t e s t s to d e t e r m in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p ip e fi t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . W o r k e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g an d r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . PLUM BER, M A IN T E N A N C E K e e p s th e p lu m b in g s y s t e m o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W o r k in v o l v e s : K n o w le d g e o f s a n it a r y c o d e s r e g a r d in g in s t a lla t io n o f v e n ts an d tr a p s in p lu m b in g s y s t e m ; in s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g p ip e s an d fix t u r e s ; o p e n in g c lo g g e d d r a in s w ith a p lu n g e r o r p l u m b e r ^ s n a k e . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p lu m b e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN T E N A N C E F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , an d m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t m e t a l e q u ip m e n t an d fix t u r e s (s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o f in g ) o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g Custodial ELEVATOR OPERATOR, and T r a n s p o r t s p a s s e n g e r s b e t w e e n f l o o r s o f an o f f i c e b u ild in g , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e , h o t e l o r s i m i l a r e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k e r s w h o o p e r a t e e l e v a t o r s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith o t h e r d u tie s s u c h a s th o s e o f s t a r t e r s an d ja n i t o r s a r e e x c lu d e d . GUARD P e r f o r m s r o u tin e p o l i c e d u t ie s , e it h e r at fix e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u s in g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In c lu d e s g a te m e n w h o a r e s t a t io n e d at g a te an d c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s an d o th e r p e r s o n s e n t e r in g . - C o n tin u e d an d la y in g out a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e t tin g up an d o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l- w o r k in g m a c h i n e s ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d to o ls in c u ttin g , b e n d in g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , fit t in g , an d a s s e m b lin g ; in s t a llin g s h e e t -m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R (D ie m a k e r ; ji g m a k e r; to o lm a k e r ; fix t u r e m a k e r; gauge m a k er) C o n s t r u c t s and r e p a ir s m a c h i n e - s h o p t o o l s , g a u g e s , j i g s , f i x t u r e s o r d ie s f o r f o r g i n g s , p u n ch in g a n d o t h e r m e t a l - f o r m i n g w o r k . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g an d la y in g out o f w o r k fr o m m o d e l s , b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , o r o t h e r o r a l an d w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f t o o l a n d d ie m a k e r ’ s h a n d to o ls an d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a ls and a l lo y s ; s e ttin g up a n d o p e r a t in g o f m a c h in e t o o l s an d r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t io n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , s p e e d s , f e e d s , a n d t o o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a t tr e a t in g o f m e t a l p a r t s d u rin g f a b r i c a t i o n a s w e ll a s o f fin is h e d t o o l s an d d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a l it i e s ; w o r k in g to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; fittin g an d a s s e m b lin g o f p a r t s to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s a n d a l l o w a n c e s ; s e le c t in g a p p r o p r ia t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , a n d p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e r a l, the t o o l and d ie m a k e r ’ s w o r k r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . in t o o l M aterial PASSEN G ER M A IN T E N A N C E F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s and d ie jo b b in g s h o p s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . Movement J A N IT O R , PORTER, OR C L E A N E R (S w e e p e r ; c h a r w o m a n ; j a n i t r e s s ) C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s an d w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u t ie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e fo llo w in g : S w e e p in g , m o p p in g o r s c r u b b in g , a n d p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o th e r r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u ip m e n t , f u r n it u r e , o r f ix t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l fix t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s an d m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , an d r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c lu d e d . 25 LABORER, S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G ( L o a d e r a n d u n lo a d e r ; h a n d le r an d s t a c k e r ; s h e l v e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e l p e r ; w a r e h o u s e m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r ) CLERK - C o n tin u e d o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e je c t i n g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u t in g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s an d f i l e s . A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t , s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g a n d u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a t e r ia l s an d m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m f r e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o th e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia l s o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o lo a d an d u n lo a d s h ip s a r e e x c lu d e d . F or w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s R e c e iv in g c l e r k S h ip p in g c l e r k S h ip p in g an d r e c e i v i n g are c l a s s i f i e d a s fo llo w s : c le r k T R U C K D R IV E R ORDER F IL L E R (O rd e r p ic k e r ; stock s e le c to r ; w areh ou se stock m a n ) F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c if i c a t io n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s 1 o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to f illin g o r d e r s a n d in d ic a t in g i t e m s f il l e d o r o m it t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s , r e q u i s i t i o n a d d itio n a l s t o c k , o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , a n d p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t e d d u tie s . PACKER, D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u ip m e n t , o r m e n b e t w e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s su c h a s : M a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t s , fr e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e t w e e n r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s an d c u s t o m e r s * h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s i n e s s . M ay a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , a n d k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s iz e a n d ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t , a s f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a te d on th e b a s i s o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y . ) S H IP P IN G P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r sh ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p la c in g th e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n t a in e r e m p l o y e d , an d m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u i r e s th e p la c in g o f i t e m s in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e ty p e an d s i z e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n t e r in g id e n t ify in g da ta on c o n t a in e r . P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . T r u c k d r i v e r (c o m b in a t io n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a t e l y ) T r u c k d r i v e r , lig h t (u n d e r lV z to n sl T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d iu m (\ l/z to a n d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a i l e r type") T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , o t h e r than t r a i l e r t y p e ) TRUCKER, O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s an d m a t e r i a l s o f a ll k in d s ab ou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t , o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K tru ck , P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h ip m e n t , o r r e c e i v e s an d is r e s p o n s ib l e f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n t o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s . S h ip p in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f sh ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a i la b le m e a n s o f tr a n s p o r t a t io n an d r a t e s ; a n d p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f th e g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , an d k e e p in g a file o f sh ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g the m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t . R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r if y in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r POW ER F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e as fo llo w s : T ru ck er, T ru ck er, c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r (fo r k lift) p o w e r (o th e r th an f o r k l i f t ) W ATCHM AN M a k e s r o u n d s o f p r e m i s e s p e r i o d i c a l l y in p r o t e c t in g p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , th e ft, a n d i l l e g a l e n t r y . ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 O— 380025