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Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA FEBRUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-24 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan C lague, Comamrioner Occupational Wage Survey RICHMOND, VIRGINIA FEBRUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-24 April I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a g e S u r v e y P r o g r a m In trod u ction T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u la r ly c o n d u c ts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n te r s. T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te f a ll to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e f it s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t i s a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f th e s tu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in th e m o n th fo llo w in g th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s t u d ie d . T h is b u lle t in p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d a ta n o t in c lu d e d in th e e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g th e r e s u lt s o f a ll o f th e y e a r *s s u r v e y s i s i s s u e d a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e f i n a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r th e c u r r e n t r o u n d o f s u r v e y s . T a b le s : 1 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___ _________ 2 A: O cc u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :* A -l. O ffic e o c cu p a tio n s __ A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ________ ____________ A - 3 . M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c c u p a t io n s ____________________ A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s ______ ______ 4 6 7 8 B: T h i s r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d i n t h e B u r e a u ’s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in A t la n t a , G a . , b y D o n a ld C r u s e , u n d e r t h e d i r e c tio n o f L o u is B . W o y ty c h , R e g io n a l W a g e a n d I n d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. __________ ________________________________________________________ E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age pr o v is io n s :* B - 1 . Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls __________________________________— ___ B -2 . M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s ____________________________________________ ___ - ______ B -3 o S ch ed u led w e e k ly h ou rs _______________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s __________________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s ________________________________________________ B -6 . H ealth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s ______________________ A pp en dix: O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s ______________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s fo r m o s t o f t h e s e it e m s a r e a v a ila b le in th e R ic h m o n d a r e a r e p o r t fo r O c to b e r 1 9 5 1 , a s w e l l a s in s i m i la r r e p o r t s fo r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s . A d i r e c t o r y , in d ic a tin g d a te o f stu d y a n d th e p r ic e o f th e r e p o r t s , i s a v a ila b le u p o n r e q u e s t . A c u r r e n t r e p o r t o n o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r a c t ic e s in th e R ic h m o n d a r e a i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r a u t o d e a l e r r e p a i r s h o p s ( M a y 1 9 5 8 ) . U n io n s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g p a y l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le fo r th e fo llo w in g t r a d e s o r in d u s t r ie s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c t io n , p r in tin g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p l o y e e s , a n d m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s an d h e lp e r s . iii 10 11 11 12 13 15 17 Occupational Wage Survey—Richmond, Va. Introduction T h is a r e a i s o n e o f s e v e r a l im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s h a s c o n d u c te d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la te d w a g e b e n e fits o n a n a r e a w id e b a s i s . In t h is a r e a , d a ta w e r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u r e a u fie ld e c o n o m is ts to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ,1 c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l it i e s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s ta te ; an d s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s a n d th e c o n s t r u c t io n a n d e x t r a c t iv e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d to w a r r a n t i n c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a t e t a b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d ' fo r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d o n a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y a t m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e th a n o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g th e d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t . E s t i m a t e s b a s e d o n th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g r o u p in g a n d a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s iz e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a tio n s a n d E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa c tu r in g a n d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n i s b a s e d o n a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e jo b . (S e e a p p e n d ix f o r l is t in g o f t h e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r th e f o llo w in g t y p e s o f o c c u p a t i o n s : ( a ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; ( c ) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (d ) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e a r n in g s d a ta a r e s h o w n f o r f u ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c la s s i f ic a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h if t s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , b u t c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s a n d in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r te d , a s fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to th e w o r k s c h e d u le s (r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m e n a n d w o m e n a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s i n w h ic h b o t h s e x e s a r e c o m m o n l y e m p l o y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s o f m e n a n d w o m e n in t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s a r e l a r g e ly d u e to (1 ) d if f e r e n c e s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f th e s e x e s a m o n g in d u s t r ie s a n d e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; (2 ) d if f e r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h th e o c c u p a t io n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in th e s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip t io n ; a n d (3 ) d if f e r e n c e s in le n g t h o f s e r v ic e o r m e r i t r e v ie w w h e n in d iv id u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d ju s te d o n th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u ld r e s u l t i n h ig h e r a v e r a g e p a y w h e n b o th s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in th e s a m e r a te r a n g e . J o b d e s c r ip t io n s u s e d in c la s s if y in g e m p lo y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d th a n th o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s to a llo w f o r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s tu d y a n d 'n o t th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , th e e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t m a t e r ia lly a f f e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s a n d S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v is io n s I n f o r m a t io n i s p r e s e n t e d a l s o (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) o n s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits a s th e y r e la t e to o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c le r ic a l o r r e la te d fu n c tio n s , a n d e x c lu d e s a d m in i s t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , a n d p r o f e s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P la n t w o r k e r s " i n c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n a n d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in c lu d in g l e a d 1 R a i l r o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s c o p e o f t h e s e s t u d i e sm, e n a n d t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d i n n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , h a v e b e e n a d d e d in n e a r ly a ll o f th e a r e a s to b e s t u d ie d d u r in g th e e x e c u tiv e , an d p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , a n d fo r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n w in te r o f 1 9 5 9 -6 0 ; r a ilr o a d s w ill b e a d d e d in th e r e m a in in g a r e a s n e x t e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k fo r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in th is a r e a , s e e fo o tn o te to " tr a n s p o r ta C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s a n d r o u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l it i e s " in ta b le 1 . t r ie s , b u t a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . 2 T A B L E 1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in R i c h m o n d , In d u s try d iv is io n M i n im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f stu d y V a ., b y m a j o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ith in scope of stu d y 3 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y S t u d ie d S t u d ie d T o ta l 4 O ffice P la n t T o ta l 4 A l l d i v i s i o n s _____________________________________________________________ 51 344 116 73, 800 1 3, 9 0 0 4 5, 700 4 8 , 5 70 M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------- ------------------------------------- -------- -------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 5 ____________________________________ ____________ W h o l e s a le t r a d e ____________________________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e _______________________________________ _________________ F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ---------------------------------------S e r v i c e s 7 ______________________________________________ ____________ 51 51 125 219 43 73 3 4 , 8 00 3 9, 0 0 0 2, 7 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 2 6 , 2 00 1 9 ,5 0 0 22, 980 2 5 , 590 51 51 51 51 51 33 51 66 42 27 16 15 17 16 9 1 1, 5, 1 2, 6, 3, 3, 4 0 0 5, 300 600 2 00 100 900 2 00 ( 6) (* ) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) (6 ") 0 10, 2, 6, 4, 1, 130 2 70 780 6 90 720 1 T h e R ic h m o n d M e tr o p o lita n A r e a (R ic h m o n d C ity , C h e s t e r fie ld an d H e n r ic o C o u n t ie s ). T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e in c l u d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1 95 7 r e v i s e d e d i t i o n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t i o n ( u s e d in th e B u r e a u 's l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) a r e th e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e ( w h o l e s a l e o r r e t a i l ) t o m a n u f a c t u r i n g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s t o th e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i z e l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t le t s (w it h in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , an d m o t io n - p ic t u r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 R a i l r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s i n c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d . R i c h m o n d 's g a s u t ilit y is m u n i c i p a l l y o p e r a t e d a n d is e x c l u d e d b y d e f i n i t i o n f r o m the s c o p e o f th e s t u d y . 6 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in th e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a lt h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g i n e e r i n g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 3 S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e l im it e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s . T h is in f o r m a t io n i s p r e s e n t e d b o th in t e r m s o f (a ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o lic y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , a n d (b ) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d o n th e s p e c if ie d s h if t a t th e tim e o f th e s u r v e y . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a j o r it y w a s u s e d o r , if n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r it y , d ie c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o th e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h ic h s o m e l a t e s h if t h o u r s a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if f e r e n t ia l w a s r e c o r d e d o n ly if it a p p lie d to a m a j o r it y o f th e s h if t h o u r s . M in im u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to th e e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is ite d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d o n an e s ta b lis h m e n t, r a th e r th a n o n a n e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; a n d h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s io n p la n s a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly o n th e b a s is th a t t h e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r it y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e li g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify f o r th e p r a c t ic e s l is t e d . S c h e d u le d h o u r s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly o n th e b a s is th a t t h e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r it y a r e c o v e r e d .3 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s in t h e s e ta b u la tio n s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f th e p a id h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o le a n d h a lf h o lid a y s a c t u a lly p r o v id e d . T he seco n d p art c o m b in e s w h o le a n d h a lf h o lid a y s to s h o w t o t a l h o lid a y t i m e . D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s io n p l a n s f o r w h ic h a t l e a s t a p a r t o f t h e c o s t i s b o r n e b y t h e e m p l o y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n a n d s o c i a l s e c u r it y . S u c h p la n s in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it t e n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y a n d t h o s e p r o v id e d th r o u g h a u n io n fu n d o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y t h e e m p l o y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g f u n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s id e f o r t h is p u r p o s e . D e a th b e n e f it s a r e in c lu d e d a s a fo r m o f life in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e i s lim it e d to th a t ty p e o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ic h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to th e i n s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n t h ly b a s i s d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d i s a b i l i t y . I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p l a n s t o w h ic h t h e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h ic h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t i o n s ,4 p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f th e e m p lo y e r (1 ) c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e th a n i s l e g a l l y r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s th e e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e f it s w h ic h e x c e e d th e r e q u ir e m e n t s o f th e la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l im i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s 5 w h ic h p r o v id e f u ll p a y o r a p r o p o r tio n o f th e w o r k e r 's p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s . S e p a r a t e t a b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e f u ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r io d , a n d (2 ) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to th e p r e s e n ta tio n o f th e p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , a n u n d u p lic a te d t o t a l i s sh o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e iv e e ith e r o r b o th ty p e s o f b e n e f it s . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s i s lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g in f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith p a y i s g r a n te d a t th e d is c r e t io n o f th e e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a t e e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in c o m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , su c h a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s , o r f la t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in th e ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts n o t o n a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s th e e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 's p a y . C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x t e n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s t h o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s a n d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d th e n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, a n d s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . S u c h p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r itte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y b e s e lf-in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim it e d to t h o s e p la n s th a t p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n t s f o r th e r e m a in d e r o f th e w o r k e r 's lif e . 2 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a p o lic y if it m e t e it h e r o f th e f o llo w in g c o n d it io n s : (1 ) O p e r a te d la t e s h if t s a t th e tim e o f th e s u r v e y , o r (2 ) h a d fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h if t s . 3 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s fo r o f f ic e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c t io n o f ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to la te 1 9 5 7 a n d e a r ly 1 9 5 8 w e r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith th e in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s . 4 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n ia a n d R h o d e I s la n d d o n o t r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . 5 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n if i t e s t a b lis h e d a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e th a t c o u ld b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . S u c h a p la n n e e d n o t b e w r it t e n , b u t in f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , February I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 35. 00 and u n d er 4 0 . 00 $ $ 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 $ 50. 00 $ $ 50 . 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 4 5 . 00 55. 00 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 7 0. 00 70. 00 7 5. 00 $ 75. 00 8 0. J)0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 8 0. 00 8 5. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 1 1 0 .0 0 115. 00 1 2 0 .0 0 and 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 110. 00 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 over M en 102 .00 103.50 100 .50 1 05.50 - - - 0 0 5 0 8 0 .5 0 9 1 .0 0 7 4.5 0 8 5 .5 0 _ - 1 - 75 65 41. 0 41. 0 7 9.5 0 7 6.0 0 37 39. 0 8 5 .0 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A _______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 206 90 116 53 39. 39. 39. 40. 5 0 5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ______________________________________ 119 45 74 35 39. 39. 39. 40. C l e r k s , o r d e r ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________________________ C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _______ _____________ ______________________ $ - - - 9 9 - 10 10 5 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ - . 23 23 - 43 39 7 1 i 1 - _ " 14 ------- 6~n 8 1 - - 6 - 1 - 12 2 10 5 12 3 9 2 35 23 12 1 29 20 9 6 11 4 7 3 14 2 12 5 21 6 15 11 6 3 3 - 12 4 8 2 8 7 1 - 7 2 5 2 7 1 6 6 8 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 18 4 14 11 5 2 3 3 19 19 6 6 6 - 1 1 2 2 1 - - 9 _ 5 2 1 - - 6 1 _ - 9 9 16 16 - 12 12 - 2 6 3 6 2 _ 23 19 4 16 10 - 5 5 - - 8 8 8 - 9 8 8 - - - - - - - - 7 - 9 2 7 4 . 19 6 13 10 2 37 22 15 6 - 2 2 - - - - 1 2 8 *8 - 1 _ - - O ffic e b o y s ____________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------ --------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ______________________________________ 127 112 27 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 5 3.0 0 5 2 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A _________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________ ______________________ 36 26 38. 5 38. 0 9 8 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 - - - - - - •- - - - - " 6 6 3 3 3 2 - 5 - 10 7 3 2 - - 1 - - - - 3 1 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------------- 87 63 39. 0 39. 0 8 3 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 - _ _ _ - - 4 4 12 7 2 2 31 28 4 4 2 6 4 4 2 3 2 7 5 _ - 3 3 5 - - 2 - 4 - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) ________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________ __________ _______ - 54 44 39. 5 40. 0 5 6 .5 0 5 2.5 0 _ 7 7 10 10 15 15 7 7 7 4 3 " 1 - _ 1 - _ _ 1 1 2 - . ■ _ _ _ - - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) ------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________________________ 152 131 38. 5 38. 5 5 6 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 - - 33 33 48 45 34 31 17 15 2 1 5 - 8 6 - 1 _ _ _ - 2 - . - 2 - - - B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------- ---------------------------------------- - 90 36 54 38. 5 39. 5 38. 0 6 7 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 ' - - 16 7 9 26 8 18 3 3 7 6 1 16 9 7 7 3 4 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - “ 9 9 - - - B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------------- - 183 34 149 39. 0 . 39. 0 39. 0 5 7 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 5 6 .0 0 1 1 33 3 30 44 4 40 39 10 29 27 5 22 29 8 21 1 1 - - _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - 9 3 6 - " C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------- M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 224 29 195 107 38. 39. 38. 38. 5 0 5 5 7 5 .5 0 7 9 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 1 - - 8 - 1 22 5 17 4 44 9 35 16 44 31 42 1 41 26 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------ — --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------------- _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ______________________________________ 704 67 637 227 39. 39. 39. 39. 0 0 0 0 6 0 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 6 4 .0 0 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________________________ 110 100 38. 0 38. 0 5 9.5 0 5 8 .5 0 - - W om en See footnotes at end of table, ~ - - . - ~ - _ - - 44 - - - - - - - " - - - 29 1 28 12 7 2 5 3 10 6 4 3 3 1 2 1 6 4 2 3 3 3 7 1 6 1 _ _ - - ~ 8 3 23 23 - 64 64 5 140 2 138 48 149 149 49 166 28 138 68 63 9 54 14 26 8 18 7 12 8 4 - 13 7 6 4 12 1 11 6 3 3 16 16 29 29 27 27 12 10 6 3 5 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 - - 3 3 _ - 21 21 20 4 2 2 2 1 1 - 5 5 _ . 3 - - . - - 5 - 5 5 _ - _ _ - - _ _ 5 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I960) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $60. 0 0 $65. 00 $70. 00 $75. 00 80. 00 $85. 00 $9 0 . 0 0 $95. 00 $1 0 0 . 0 0 $105.00 $n o . oo $ $ $ $ $ $ 40. 00 55. 00 45. 00 50. 00 35. 00 Weekly* 115.00 1$2 0 . 0 0 Weekly * and hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 6 0 . 0 0 65, 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 0 0 _85. 00 9 0 . 0 0 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 n o . oo 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 over Women—Continued Clerks, file, class B --------------------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------.--------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Public utilities 3 --------------------------------------------Clerks, order -------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Clerks, payroll -------------------------------------------------- __ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------------Comptometer operators -----------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------- ----------Keypunch operators -----------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ Public utilities 3 ------------------------------------------Office girls -----------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------- ---------------------------------Secretaries __________________________ _____________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Public utilities 3 -------------------------------------------Stenographers, general ------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Public utilities 3 -------------------------------------------Switchboard operators ----- ------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Public utilities 3 -------------------------------------------Switchboard operator-receptionists -------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Tabulating-machine operators, class B ____________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Tabulating-machine operators, class C ____________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------Transcribing-m achine operators, general __________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------- 279 52 227 67 47 29 153 64 89 150 38 112 335 54 281 86 49 46 893 327 566 137 7 35 289 446 165 158 32 126 31 n o 46 64 86 75 70 67 107 85 38. 5 39.5 38. 0 38.5 39.5 39.5 39. 0 39.5 39. 0 39.5 39.5 39.5 38.5 39.5 38.5 39. 0 38. 0 38. 0 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 40. 0 39. 0 39.5 38. 5 39.5 40. 0 39.5 40. 0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 38.5 38. 0 37. 0 37. 0 39. 0 38.5 $51. 50 61.50 49.50 53. 00 65.50 66.50 70. 50 72. 00 70. 00 6 1 . 00 62. 0 0 61. 0 0 6 6 . 00 75. 00 64. 50 78. 00 52. 00 51. 00 81. 50 8 6 . 50 78. 50 93. 00 72. 0 0 75. 00 70. 50 85. 00 62. 0 0 75. 50 58. 50 78. 00 60. 50 63. 00 59. 0 0 6 8 , 50 6 8 . 00 54. 50 53. 50 61. 50 60. 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 6 6 _ - _ _ _ 44 44 2 _ 5 1 4 3 3 13 13 _ _ " _ 29 29 “ _ - _ 11 11 _ 75 3 72 9 9 5 5 3 2 15 8 7 18 18 17 17 _ _ 17 1 16 - 2 - 2 1 7 7 _ 9 9 23 23 100 24 7 17 4 _ - 6 30 6 24 51 9 42 37 11 26 29 5 24 57 4 53 8 6 16 1 2 78 11 11 9 3 40 7 33 6 10 25 25 2 12 1 11 4 2 4 18 18 18 18 29 19 13 87 50 3 “ 17 8 9 29 6 23 70 1 69 1 10 6 1 5 33 8 25 _ 28 3 25 " 105 12 93 83 14 69 5 24 148 33 115 14 18 74 34 40 2 22 8 10 1 1 8 12 3 26 3 23 21 12 18 3 15 1 1 12 12 20 16 15 15 19 17 14 14 12 15 15 17 10 10 9 1 12 66 11 6 9 5 15 5 10 15 9 3 2 9 9 5 4 1 _ 8 2 6 19 2 17 10 5 5 _ - 3 3 _ 5 4 1 5 3 2 2 2 11 9 2 1 75 45 30 7 _ 125 35 90 15 99 90 9 4 8 2 6 2 12 10 2 2 12 3 10 0 24 76 6 7 5 15 15 1 1 4 4 7 2 5 1 2 20 20 - 35 7 28 25 5 5 129 76 53 12 52 31 21 17 5 5 - - 2 2 2 _ 12 4 8 2 2 7 1 6 3 _ 98 69 29 4 30 7 23 23 9 1 8 8 6 _ 4 3 1 6 2 4 _ 59 36 23 5 28 3 25 21 5 _ “ 6 6 - _ “ - - 1 1 8 8 _ _ _ _ . . - . _ . - . - 6 2 2 1 2 1 1 _ 4 4 - _ _ - _ 41 23 18 7 _ " 33 5 28 _ _ _ 25 3 20 8 12 12 8 1 - - 1 1 1 1 _ " 3 3 4 1 3 30 4 26 26 _ 30 11 19 12 49 7 42 41 _ _ “ 1 1 _ - 1 - 1 - - - 10 9 4 6 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 7 5 2 3 2 _ - _ 16 5 3 3 _ _ - - 6 22 21 5 3 2 2 _ _ - _ _ _ 13 3 10 9 1 1 1 1 _ - _ _ . . 20 12 8 7 . _ _ - - _ - 1 _ _ - - _ - . _ _ . _ - _ _ _ ‘ See fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le . _ . - 6 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Lontinued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ic h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Avebage S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (Standard) (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ 35. 00 4 0 . 00 4 5. 00 50. 00 55. 00 u n d er 4 0 . 00 " - “ ■ 4 5. 00 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 6 0. 00 - 1 5 - 1 5 - 20 2 18 111 15 96 5 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 _ - 65. 00 7 0. 00 70. 00 _ $ 7 5. 00 _ 75. 00 8 0. 00 $ 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 $ 85. 00 $ 90. 00 - - 9 0 .0 0 $ $ $ 9 5 . 00 100. 00 105. 00 - - - 9 5. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 $ n o . oo $ $ 115. 00 120. 00 and 115. 00 1 2 0 .0 0 o v e r - n o . oo W om en — C on tin u ed T y p is t s , c l a s s A ----------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -...... - - - - N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s ^ ............ T y p is t s , c l a s s B __________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 221 41 180 35 38. 38. 38. 38. 0 5 0 5 403 66 337 31 38. 39. 38. 40. 0 0 0 0 $62. 70. 60. 65. 00 00 00 50 54. 00 55. 50 53. 50 7 1 .0 0 36 1 35 9 79 6 73 5 37 12 25 9 25 6 19 4 14 1 13 2 13 9 4 1 - 141 21 120 8 65 6 59 1 33 12 21 9 5 4 2 1 1 5 4 1 - i 2 2 1 1 - 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 - 5 9 - - - - 5 5 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 1 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 22 at $ 1 2 0 to $ 1 3 0 ; 6 at $ 1 30 to $ 1 4 0 ; 5 at $ 1 4 0 to $ 1 5 0 ; 4 at $ 1 5 0 and o v e r . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 4 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 2 at $ 120 to $ 125; 2 at $ 125 to $ 130; 4 at $ 130 to $ 135. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ic h m o n d , V a. , F e b r u a r y I960) Sex, occupation, and industry division Men Draftsmen, sen io r_________________________________ M anufacturing_______ _________________________ Nonmanufacturing_______________________________ P u b lic u t ili t ie s 2 ... _ _ _ . . . ____ _ Draftsmen, junior _________________________________ M anufacturing---------------------------------------------------Women N urses, industrial (registered) ____________________ M anufacturing---------------------------------------------------- Number of workers 164 112 52 47 Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $' $ $ $ 00 1$1 0 . 0 0 115. $ $ 00 1$2 0 . 0 0 125.00 $ $ 00 140.00 $ 60. 0 0 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 0 0 $85. 00 $9 0 . 0 0 $95. 00 1$0 0 . 0 0 105. Weekly^ earnings Weekly 1 130.00 135. (Standard) (Standard) under “ 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 0 0 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105. 00 n o . o o 115. 00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125. 00 130. 00 135. 00 140.00 145. 00 85 40. 0 $123.00 40. 0 120.50 40.0 128.00 40. 0 129.50 40. 0 89.50 40. 0 87.00 52 40 39. 5 40. 0 102 95.00 97.50 _ - _ - 4 4 8 - - 5 1 - 1 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 1 12 12 5 4 2 2 - 16 16 8 3 _ 8 8 3 3 3 4 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 1 13 4 11 11 10 8 3 12 7 5 9 22 22 - 12 7 5 1 3 7 4 1 1 5 4 2 1 6 16 12 4 4 14 30 8 6 20 10 10 6 6 6 - - - - 7 7 3 3 _ 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 1 at $ 1 4 5 to $ 1 5 0 ; 4 at $ 1 5 0 to $ 1 5 5 ; 1 at $ 1 6 5 to $ 1 7 0 . 17 15 12 6 6 6 7 _ 7 7 - - - _ _ _ 2 - $ 00 145. and over 14 8 6 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d i v is i o n , R ic h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ Average $ 1. 00 1. 10 hourly earnings1 and u n d er 1. 20 1. 10 C a r p e n t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 92 70 $ 2 .4 6 2. 57 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 197 177 2. 78 2. 78 E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y -------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 77 58 2 .2 9 2. 31 F ir e m e n , s ta tio n a r y b o i l e r _______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------- 113 78 35 1. 67 1. 76 1 .4 7 H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in t e n a n c e ----------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ 251 202 49 M a c h in is t s , m a in t e n a n c e _________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 30 - - 3 3 6 - . - - . - - - - - - - - 26 5 21 6 6 - 1. 92 1 .8 9 2. 03 17 12 5 266 262 2. 78 2. 78 - M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o tiv e (m a in t e n a n c e )__________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ------------------------------------------- 275 35 240 207 2. 2. 2. 2. 18 04 20 22 - _ - 3 3 - M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n ce _________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------- 656 630 26 2. 63 2. 63 2. 56 _ - _ - 3 3 O i l e r s ________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 86 85 1. 91 1. 91 13 13 _ 1 1 $ 1 .4 0 - " _ - 4 4 - 1 1 4 4 - 48 45 3 - - - - 1 | 1 1 4 4 1 1 2. 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 9 4 19 16 3 14 12 2 - 6 6 " 19 17 2 8 7 1 1 1 - 2 2 - - i 1 _ * 18 18 P ip e f it t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e --------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 109 108 2. 86 2. 86 _ _ _ - - - - - _ S h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a in t e n a n c e _____________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ 47 47 2. 88 2. 88 _ _ . _ - 9 3 6 5 1 I 1 ! 1 " i ! i j 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 and 3. 10 over 2 - 1 - 8 5 4 3 - 10 10 6 3 33 33 6 4 - - 1 1 6 5 4 4 13 9 1 1 1 - 42 41 11 10 _ 79 79 32 21 1 12 10 4 4 10 6 5 4 - 11 10 12 11 3 3 - 2 - - - - 3 2 11 11 - _ - 12 12 - 7 7 2 2 " 4 4 ~ _ - _ - 2 2 _ - _ " _ - - 5 2 3 9 6 3 3 3 “ 107 103 4 2 2 - 21 21 - _ - - - - - 1 1 6 6 5 5 9 9 6 5 5 5 - 87 87 14 14 1 1 43 43 87 84 2 2 44 M 5 n 39 i 20 34 | 14 47 1 46 46 17 1 16 15 6 6 5 16 12 4 4 15 15 12 6 6 6 6 3 3 “ 63 63 58 _ - _ - _ - _ - 6 6 - 11 11 36 36 - 8 8 - 33 33 - 6 6 - 4 4 " 88 85 3 187 187 99 99 " 18 18 - 149 131 18 1 1 * " 6 6 3 3 4 4 30 30 _ 1 1 _ _ . - - - - 14 14 _ - - - - - - - 6 6 - - * 5 2 3 - 6 3 3 8 7 1 ' 3 2 1 2 2 * " 56 55 1 - ' “ - - - - - 75 74 - - 5 5 - - 27 27 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - _ _ - _ - - 1 1 - 6 6 3 3 29 29 7 7 - - 10 2 8 8 — j 4 4 ' 2 6 5 : 2 | 2 i 1 1------ : — 1 , - $ 9 6 - | 1 8 - _ - 2. 10 1 - _ - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 1. 90 ! 2. 00 1 1 1 1 | 1. 80 1 - 1 i _______ 1. 70 - 4 4 i $ 2. 60 - 2. 38 2. 65 1. 66 J_______ $ 2. 50 - _ - - $ 2 .4 0 1 1 106 78 28 ! $ 2. 30 _ 8 j $ 2. 20 - 2 2 | " $2. 10 _ - . - $2. 00 2 2 - i $ i$ 1. 80 1. 90 1 - - I 1 $ 1. 70 1 1 j ' _ - 1. 60 - P a i n t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------- _ $ 1. 50 1. 50 | 1 .6 0 3 3 - $ ! " 5 5 - 1 1 ] 1 _______ | " - - - 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , R ic h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I960) Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers Average hourly 2 $0. 50 $0. 60 $0. 70 $0. 80 $0. 90 $1.00 earnings and under .60 . 70 . 80 . 90 1.00 1.10 Elevator operators, passenger (women) __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------- 58 56 $0. 74 . 72 Guards ------------------------------------------------------- 97 2. 23 . - _ Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) ______ M anufacturing----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------Public u tilities4 --------------------------------- 880 372 508 106 1. 32 1.53 1. 17 1.60 6 6 11 11 12 12 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) __________________________________ M anufacturing-------- -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------ 27 5 76 199 1.05 1. 16 1.01 Laborers, m aterial handling ----------------------M anufacturing __________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------Public u tilities4 ______________________ 1, 536 766 770 98 Order fillers _______________________________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 312 87 225 1 31 31 — 1---- - ■ 1. 38 1.48 j— : — 1. 27 | 1.96 1.60 1.79 1. 52 - - 63 63 - - ■ ; ! ■ 5 | 8 j 8 5 ! - - " - : - 1; 3 ~ “ | 3 ■ _ ' - _ “ - ~ - " " - 11 2 5 10 8 19 . _ . 3 33 | 33 | 34 | 30 ’ 33 , 3 ! 1 ! 2 “ 48 48 " 15 1 14 13 38 23 15 15 “ 1 1 1 2 2 2 - - " ; . 59 50 9 4 | 1 i 1 | 22 10 12 8 2 j 2 : 1 2 - 1 2 - 4---- — 5 “ - 7 7 - - - - - ~ - 60 54 6 6 i 413 116 297 | ’ ■ | 7 3 4 144 1 9 o ;1 196 ! 105 65 ' 113 117 ~ 4 0 79 77 79 ! 65 " “ ~ 47 6 41 ! 23 J I ! 128 112 16 16 8 8 8 66 66 " 30 26 4 4 27 27 1 1 12 12 . . - - " 42 30 12 ~ . _ - S . . - - 15 15 15 22 16 6 - “ 12 6 6 8 1 7 4 4 4 4 _ 9 3 6 12 8 4 15 15 3 3 ■ 12 12 . " 3 3 ' 3 3 _ " 1 ~ 2 2 " _ ” _ - 38 38 30 54 54 54 _ - . " _ _ “ _ - - 4 4 4 4 _ “ 1 1 ~ 22 6 16 8 8 _ 11 5 6 11 5 6 16 10 6 22 6 16 10 7 3 11 2 9 _ " 9 6 1 1 13 9 1 - 4 3 5 4 7 7 _ 16 15 _ 38 275 11 65 27 210 30 5 84 21 63 25 50 23 27 15 14 290 11 7 3 283 283 26 10 16 16 34 8 26 26 44 44 - 95 1 94 94 4 3 Shipping and receiving c lerk s----------------------M anufacturing___________________________ 60 48 1.92 1.95 - “ - Truckdrivers 6 _____________________________ M anufacturing----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------Public u tilities4 _____________________ 1, 252 253 999 579 1.69 1.60 1. 72 - - - . 1 " 11— : . " . - _ - 2 - - i 2 i 101 32 69 54 17 37 48 48 1 J______ _ 7 1 6 _ - 1 - “ _ ~ _ " . ■ - 9 3 6 _ “ 1.96 1.96 1.95 12 12 5 12 8 8 . - 16 - _ 12 12 11 3 8 _ ■ 125 59 66 - 18 18 ~ 23 - 1i 6 16 17 1 12 1 12 - Shipping clerks ____________________________ M anufacturing___________________________ Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------ - - 27 19 8 23 4 19 18 j 14 1 j I 17 5 12 . ■ - 50 12 38 49 11 38 ; i 109 51 58 ■ 2. 16 1. 78 - - 30 7 23 30 2 28 19 1 1 1 ! - ~ _ - - " - 116 41 75 - - Receiving clerks ___________________________ M anufacturing___________________________ Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------ S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le . 1 | " - 1. 34 1.40 1.29 1 .9 8 5 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1i 1. 50 1. 60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 $2.40 $2. 50 $2. 60 and 1 1.60 1.70 J 1.80 _1 .90__ 2. 00 2. 10 2, 20_ _2, 30_ _2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 over | 16 ! 27 30 5 3 89 181 : 47 !------5 [ 9 i 2 1 2 !----- 2 11 18 3 i 1 17 ! 42 28 - 124 51 73 1.9 2 5 $ j j$ 1.20 1. 30 $1.40 , 11, 30 J 1.40 __1.- 50 1 83 ! 126 73 75 47 1 126 30 | 22 j 55 45 I 25 | 47" i! 96 | 61 71 28 : 50 8 1 16 ! 8 , 29 1 69 69 9 1 9 Packers, shipping -------------------------------M anufacturing___________________________ Nonmanufacturing_______________________ - 8 10 ; 8 ! 8 ! _ 1 _ , 3 3 . " NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— i$ j 1. 10 j . 11, 20 J --------- 1 1 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a. , F e b r u a r y I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— of workers O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n T r u c k d r iv e r s :6— C on tin u ed T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d er I V 2 ton s) _______ Nnnm arm fart.uri ng hourly , earnings z $ 5 , 0. 50 0. 60 and u n d er .6 0 . 70 $ 0. 70 $ 0. 80 . 80 .9 0 - $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 1 .8 0 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 and over 2 1 2 2 - - - 16 10 6 6 31' 5 26 26 23 23 93 1 92 92 _ - _ - 71 69 10 10 1 8 - 2 33 33 19 19 0.9 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1. 10 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 2 2 1 1 7 3 16 16 18 18 19 19 16 8 15 7 4 4 - - - _ - 29 18 11 28 17 11 25 17 11 6 5 230 51 179 30 51 6 45 15 31 13 18 10 11 11 19 5 14 14 5 5 2 2 29 23 15 11 5 5 3 3 16 8 8 8 7 1 65 40 25 50 38 12 53 30 23 17 5 12 2 3 2 1 29 22 7 20 15 5 5 4 1 2 2 8 5 3 103 80 $ 1.35 1 .3 1 - 1 .6 4 1. 58 1 . 66 1 .9 4 - - _ _ - - - - ... 608 174 434 199 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , t r a il e r ty p e) --------------------------------------------------------------- — N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________________ 157 136 1 .7 5 1. 74 - T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (f o r k lif t ) ______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________________ N n n m a n n fa rtu rin g 310 214 96 1 .6 2 1 .6 3 1. 59 W a t c h m e n _____________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________ N o n m a n u fa rtiirin g ....... ....... 170 112 58 1 .4 3 1 .6 3 1 .0 4 - $ $ 1. 50 _1.60__ _ l . J 0 _ - 1/z T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (1 to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) _______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________________ P u b lic u t ili t ie s 4 .. .. .. - - - - " " “ . . . . . - - - - - 3 3 6 9 - 9 ! 6 - j 1 _ - - 1 1 D a t a l i m i t e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d . 2 3 4 5 6 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 2. 70 to $ 2. 80. T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 2. 60 to $ 2 . 7 0 . In clu d e s a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s s iz e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . - - " ~ 16 15 1 30 10 20 1 10 9 1 2 - 2 - 25 - - 12 12 40 40 _ - - 5 4 3 1 - - 1 - - - * " “ 8 8 6 10 10 . . . - - - _ _ . - - - - - 5 6 _ - _ - _ - 10 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials ( P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r s h i ft w o r k , a n d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a c t u a ll y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i ft s b y t y p e a n d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l , R i c h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 ) In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r— In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a c t u a ll y o p e r a tin g — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h ift w ork T ota l T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift w o r k T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift S e c o n d s h ift 72. 5 45. 2 1 3 .9 5. 0 ------------------------------------------- - 72. 5 45. 2 1 3 .9 5 .0 --------------------------------------- 28. 6 1 6 .9 6. 1 2. 2 4 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------5 c e n t s ______________________________________________ 6 cen ts --------------------------------------------------------------------8 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------------------12 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------------------12 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------cen ts -------------------------------------------------------------15 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------------16 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------------- . 9 7. 7 3. 7 5. 6 4 .4 1. 8 2. 2 1. 6 . 7 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W it h s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l U n if o r m c e n t s ( p e r h o u r ) 1/ 2 I 3 1/i U n if o r m p e r c e n t a g e -------------------------------------------------- 6 p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------8 p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------________________________ ________________ 10 p e r c e n t O th er ___________________________________________________ N o s h i ft p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l _ _ . 7 .9 3. 8 2. 2 7. 7 1 .9 .9 1 .9 - 1. 6 _ . 2 - .4 . 2 1. 2 - .2 . 3 . 7 .2 - . 2 " 4 2 .7 26. 1 7. 8 2. 7 1. 5 24. 3 16. 9 1. 5 2. 6 22. 0 ( 2) 5. 1 2. 7 ( 2) 2. 7 1. 2 2. 2 . 1 - ----------------------------------------------- 1 I n c lu d e s e s t a b lis h m e n t s c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g t h o u g h t h e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i f t s . 2 L e s s th a n 0 . 05 p e r c e n t . la t e s h ifts , a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s co v e rin g la t e s h ifts even 11 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y i9 6 0 ) In exp erien ced ty p ists M anufacturing N onm anufacturing M inim um w eek ly sa la r y 1 A ll in d u str ie s E sta b lish m en ts s tu d ie d ______________________________________ E sta b lish m e n ts having a sp e c ifie d m in im u m --------------------$ 32. 50 and under $ 35. 00 ---------------------------------------------$ 35. 00 and under $ 37. 50 ------------------------------------------------$ 37. 50 and under $ 4 0 . 00 ________________________________ $ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 50 and tinder $ 4 5 . 00 ------------------------------------------------$ 4 5 . 00 and under $ 4 7 . 50 ________________________________ $ 4 7 . 50 and under $ 5 0 . 00 ------------------------------------------------$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 ______________________________ $ 52. 50 and tinder $ 55. 00 ________________________________ $ 55. 00 and under $ 57. 50 ------------------------------------------------$ 57. 50 and tinder $ 60. 00 ---------------------------------------------$ 60. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 62. 50 _____________________________________________ $ 6 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 . 00 --------------------------------------------------------------------$ 65. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 67. 50 _____________________________________________ $ 67. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 7 0 .0 0 _____________________________________________ $ 70. 00 a n d o v e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m ----------------------------E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2 3 B a sed on standard w eek ly hours 3 of— A ll AH 40 37 V2 sch ed u les sch ed u les O ther in ex p erien ced c le r ic a l w o rk ers 2 N onm anufacturing M anufacturing A ll A ll sch ed u les 40 116 52 9 6 7 3 16 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 15 43 XXX 73 XXX XXX 18 3 1 13 2 1 10 4 1 1 4 - 34 6 6 6 3 8 2 17 5 2 1 4 2 116 43 1 1 13 1 11 1 9 2 - - - - - - 49 19 - - 8 1 2 1 1 6 - - 1 6 2 1 1 XXX XXX - - 1 1 1 9 30 - XXX XXX 1 1 1 1 18 XXX XXX 55 - 1 1 1 B a sed on standard w eek ly hours 3 of— A ll 40 37 Vz sch ed u les 40 43 XXX 73 XXX XXX 10 3 1 5 8 2 1 4 - 33 1 1 10 1 10 1 4 2 10 4 1 2 1 2 - 18 1 5 5 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - 1 10 30 - 8 XXX 25 XXX L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r i n g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . R a te s a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f ic e g i r l s , o r s im ila r s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - 1 XXX XXX XXX XXX a n d f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s A l l w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------U n d e r 36 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------3 6 V 4 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------36*/z h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------3 7 V 2 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 7 V 2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s -----------------------------4 0 h o u r s _______________________________________________ O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ______________________ 4 4 h o u r s _______________________________________________ 4 5 h o u r s _______________________________________________ O v e r 4 5 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s ______________________ 4 8 h o u r s _______ ______________________________________ 50 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 « All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 3 2 _ 10 5 3 23 13 54 79 6 (4 ) - 1 - Manufacturing 100 _ _ - 33 3 3 - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 73 4 5 4 88 3 78 3 2 3 _ 8 3 12 - - 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a te lv L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 100 _ (4 ) - 1 66 - r Public utilities 2 100 - - - All industries 3 j• - - 7 - 12 Table B-4. jPaidL Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a i d h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , R i c h m o n d , V a , , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS Ite m A ll w ork ers All industries 3 --------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 2 All industries 3 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 97 10 0 10 0 93 3 ' ' Manufacturing Public utilities 2 10 0 10 0 97 10 0 7 3 - 10 8 2 8 - - 16 18 . Number of days L e s s th a n 5 h o lid a y s 5 h o lid a y s 6 h o lid a y s 6 h o lid a y s 6 h o lid a y s 7 h o lid a y s 7 h o lid a y s 8 h o lid a y s 8 h o lid a y s 9 h o lid a y s 5 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p l u s 1 h a l f d a y -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p lu s 1 h a lf d a y — ------ -------------------------p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p l u s 1 h a lf d a y ------------------------------------___________________________________________ p lu s 1 h a l f d a y ________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1 2 2 1 5 15 32 3 8 1 10 - 4 1 26 4 2 3 3 46 3 23 58 33 31 - 14 - 20 6 34 4 1 ~ ' ' ' 27 - 1 22 - - - - - 52 23 ~ Total holiday time4 9 days -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 V 2 o r m o r e d a y s ---------------------------------------------------8 o r m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------- 7l /z 7 or 6 1/ 2 6 or 5V 2 5 or 4 or 3 or 2 or 1 or or m ore days __________________________________ m ore days _____________________________________ o r m o r e d a y s ---------------------------------------------------m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------o r m o r e d a y s __________________________________ m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------m o re days -------------------------------------------------------------m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 1 _ 7 4 37 28 30 57 37 _ _ 31 31 90 90 14 14 49 53 79 79 84 87 87 90 93 60 63 71 93 94 96 97 97 97 97 86 10 0 91 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ - 20 20 68 71 87 87 89 93 93 97 97 _ 23 23 74 74 92 92 92 92 92 92 100 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s i n a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . . , . . .. - , , , . . . A l l combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of w orkers receiving a to ta l o f 7 d ays In clu d es those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 13 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v is i o n s , R ic h m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I96 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries A l l w o r k e r s __________________________________________ M eth od 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 97 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 97 92 2 3 100 1 00 - - 98 94 1 1 2 3 ■ ■ 2 3 ■ 7 48 3 3 3 61 10 _ 47 - 9 26 _ 4 10 23 _ 7 13 25 _ 1 54 3 38 2 _ _ 44 3 47 3 98 _ 2 1 34 9 52 2 28 9 57 3 1 23 7 65 2 _ _ 20 8 65 4 33 _ o f paym ont W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------- -------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t _____________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t -----------------------------------------F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t --------------------------------------------O t h e r _____________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s _________________________________ A m ount o f v a c a tio n - - - p a y 4 A fte r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________________ 1 w e e k _______________ _______________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________ ___________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______ _____ _ _ 2 w e e k s __________________ _ ------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ _ _ _ 34 3 58 2 14 2 34 96 _ 4 - - - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ ______ 1 w e e k _________ _______________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s __________________________ __________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ _ _ 10 7 78 2 7 2 91 - _ 20 28 52 - _ _ 49 13 38 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _____________________________________ _ 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ _ _ _ 6 1 88 2 4 2 94 16 _ 84 - - _ _ 1 3 _ 94 _ 67 - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k ________________________________________ 1 w e e k ____________________________ __________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________________________ S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b le . ( 5) 84 10 2 2 _ _ _ 100 _ 1 12 3 78 2 2 10 _ 81 4 1 _ _ 100 _ 14 Table B-5. Paid Vpcations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fi c e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n pay p r o v is io n s , R ich m o n d , V a . , F e b r u a r y I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries1 A m o u n t off v a c a t i o n pay4 — Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 C o n tin u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ______________ ____________ ___________ 2 w eeks O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ............................................ 3 w eeks _____________________________________________ _ 1 58 12 26 ? 46 24 28 1 16 5 75 2 29 8 - - - 69 - 1 16 2 27 8 - - - 66 2 12 56 13 41 5 38 10 32 9 46 92 13 24 2 58 - (5) 10 23 3 60 1 92 13 23 2 40 10 21 3 46 - - - - _ 15 - 20 17 4 1 16 2 27 8 - - - 57 55 91 13 23 2 31 3 26 10 21 3 33 6 24 100 - - _ 100 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U nder 2 w eek s _____ . . . ... 2 w eeks ................................................... ............................ . O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ........................................... 3 w eeks ........ ............................................................................ 4 w e e k s .................................................................................... _ 7 _ 93 - A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ___ ................ ....................................... 2 w eeks _____________ __________ _____ ____ __________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ........- ................... .............. 3 w eeks _____________________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s -----------------------------------4 w eeks ________ ____ _____ ________ - ------------------------ _ 7 _ 89 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 2 w e e k s ................................ .................................... . 2 w eeks ______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w eeks ............... ................................................. ................. . O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ............................................ 4 w eeks ------------------------ -------- ------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 s e r v ic e * - 23 - 16 _ - 1 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a dd ition to th o s e in d u s try d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e t a il tr a d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th o s e in d u s try d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r il y r e fle c t the in d ivid u a l p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r e x a m p le, the ch a n ges in clu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g be tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E : In the ta b u la tio n s o f v a ca tip n a llo w a n c e s by y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , p aym en ts o th e r than "le n g th o f tim e , " su ch as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a r n in g s to an equ ivalen t tim e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a paym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. _ 7 _ 87 _ 6 in p r o p o r t io n s in d ica te d o r f la t -s u m pa ym en ts w e r e at 10 years' c o n v e r te d 15 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o f fi c e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s try d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e fits , R ich m o n d , Va. , F e b r u a r y I960) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS T yp e o f b e n e fit A ll w o r k e r s ______________________________________ All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 64 W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------------------------A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e --------------------------- ----------------------S ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ________________________ 87 91 71 80 83 41 31 50 32 24 52 83 75 78 64 25 99 75 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e ________ S ick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d ) ___________________ ______ S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r w aiting p e r i o d ) ----------------------------------------- 27 58 8 52 59 61 51 61 19 2 17 11 6 31 24 33 23 H os p ita liz a tio n in s u r a n c e ____________________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------M e d ica l i n s u r a n c e -----------------------------------------C a ta strop h e in s u r a n c e ---------------------------------R e tir e m e n t p en s io n __________________________ No health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n plan ------ 65 65 41 29 67 3 81 80 58 34 72 1 67 67 62 4 46 67 64 42 14 61 8 76 70 49 10 64 8 77 77 66 8 55 1 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a dd ition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 2 T r a n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 3 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 4 U n du plica ted to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a te ly b e lo w . S ic k -le a v e plans a r e lim it e d to th ose w h ich d e fin ite ly e s t a b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m nu m ber o f d a y s ' pay that ca n be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . In fo rm a l s i c k -l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d ivid u al b a s is a r e ex c lu d e d . 17 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll title s and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is essen tial in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine otner than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, m achine, are classified by type of machine, as follow s: Biller, machine (billing machine)— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done oh a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not haVe typew riter keyboard) to prepare custo m ers’ b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational C ash R egister, with or without a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of bu sin ess tran sactio n s. Class A— Keeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. Class B— K eeps a record of one or more phases or sectio n s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping* P h ases or sectio n s include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, m achine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sh eets for the accounting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete se t of books or records relating to one phase of an e sta b lish m ent's b usiness tran sactio n s. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—.Continued payable; exam ining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assig n ation s and allo catio n s. May a s s is t in preparing, ad justing and closing journal en tries; may direct c la ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting sim ple co st accounting d ata. T his job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional b asis among sev eral w orkers. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an estab lish ed filing system containing a num ber of varied su bject m atter file s, c la ssifie s and indexes co rres pondence or other m aterial; may aliso file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating m aterial in the file s. May per form incidental clerical d u ties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of m aterial th a t has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or lo cates or a s s is ts in locating m aterial in file s. May perform incidental clerical d u ties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers* orders for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. D uties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listin g the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; distributing order sh eets to respective departm ents to be filled. May check with credit departm ent to determ ine credit rating of custom er, acknow ledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Com putes w ages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh e e ts. D uties involve: C alculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calcu lated data on payroll sh eet, showing information such as w orker's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and d istrib ut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform m athem a tic al com putations. This job is not to be confused with that of s ta tis tic al or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other du ties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, reproduces m ultiple copies of typew ritten or handw ritten matter, using a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. Makes n ecessary adjustm ent such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare ste n c il or D itto m aster. May keep file of used ste n c ils or D itto m asters. May sort, co llate, and staple com pleted m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, records accounting and sta tis tic a l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical keypunch m achine, following w ritten in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to m achine. May keep files of punch card s. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Perform s various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office m achines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerical work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiativ e; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular d u ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this w orker's time w hile at sw itchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents w ithout clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of step s to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. Class B — O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. C lass C— O perates sim ple tabulating or e lectrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple w iring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied tech n ical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n c ils, m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources or responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , punc- tuation, e tc ., of tech n ical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tab les to m aintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. C lass B — Perform s one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc.; settin g up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tab les already se t up and spaced properly. PR O FE S SIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER P lans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a combination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assig n in g duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or a s a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail draw ings from n o tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing pur p o ses. D uties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing work ing plans, detail draw ings, maps, cro ss-sectio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sse s; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and q u an tities; w riting sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in draw ings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing serv ice to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accid en t on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combiner tio n o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* inju ries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accid en t reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the h ealth, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. TRACER Copies plans and draw ings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. U ses T -square, com pass, and other drafting tools* May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 21 MAINTENANCE D POW ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks w ater and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications ;.locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and m easuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: O perating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May a lso supervise these operations. H ead or c h ie f en gin eers in e sta b lish m e n ts em ployin g more than one en gin eer are exclu ded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; a ssistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled task s as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S pecializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m o st o f the follow in g: Interpreting written instructions and sp ecificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close toler-* ances; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b uses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Examining m achines and m echan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is mantling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a rep lace ment part by a m achine shop or sending of the machine to a m achine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten sp ecificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are w orkers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipm ent and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to s tre sse s, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishm ent. Work invo lves the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying p aint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other p aint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , g as, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten sp ecificatio n s; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine w hether finished pipes meet sp ecificatio n s. . In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers p rim a rily engaged in in s ta llin g and repairing b u ild in g s a n ita tio n or heating systems are excluded . 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work, involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installatio n of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training a n d ‘experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F ab ricates, in sta lls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetm etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and lay ing out a ll types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (D iem aker; jig m aker;toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop too ls, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and w ritten sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; settin g up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making n ecessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . CUSTODIAL AND M ATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued T ransports passengers betw een floors of an office building, apartm ent house, departm ent store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. D uties involve a com bination o f the follow in g: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police d u ties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . In clu des g a te- men who are sta tio n e d at g ate and ch eck on id e n tity o f em plo yees and oth er persons en tering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C lea n s and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or p rem ises o f an o ffic e , apartm ent house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stack er; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehousem an or w arehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent w h ose d u tie s involve one or more o f the fo llo w ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING—-Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting dev ices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; tran s porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders, req u isi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, siz e, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may in vo lve one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selectio n of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closing and sealing container* applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receiv es and is respon sible for incom ing shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work in vo lve s: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available m eans of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, posting w eight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. R eceiving work in v o lv e s : V eri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK—-Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follow s: R e ce ivin g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and re ce ivin g clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or in d u strial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various types of e stab lishm ents such as: M anufacturing p lants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and custom ers’ houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout h elpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) T ru ckd rive r (com bination o f sizes lis te d separately) T ruckdriver, lig h t (under l l/ 2 to n s ) T ru ckd river, medium ( l lA to and in c lu d in g 4 tons) T ru ckd river , heavy (over 4 tons, tr a ile r type) T ruckdriver, heavy (ove r 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled g aso lin e- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of a ll kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power ( fo r k lift) Trucker, power (other than fo r k lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ain st fire, theft, and illeg al entry. ☆ U.s. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : i 9 6 0 0 — 5 4 7 7 1 0 Occupational Wage Surveys O ccupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960, T hese b u lletin s, when av ailable, may be purchased from the Superintendent of D ocum ents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W ashington 25, D .C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor m arkets, combined with additional an aly sis, w ill be issu ed early in 1961. B ulletins for the areas listed below are now available. C leveland, Ohio, September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959-B LS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents D allas, T ex., O ctober 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-3, price 20 cents Buffalo, N.Y., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-4, price 20 cents St. L ouis, Mo., O ctober 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-5, price 25 cents Miami, F la., Decem ber 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-6, price 20 cents Baltimore, Md., September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-7, price 15 cents Boston, M ass., O ctober 1959-B LS Bull. 1265-8, price 25 cents Dayton, Ohio, December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-9, price 25 cents Canton, Ohio, December 1959-B L S Bull. 1265-10, price 25 cents Denver, C olo., December 1959-B L S Bull. 1265-11, price 25 cents Portland, Maine, November 1959-B L S Bull, 1265-12, price 20 cents Fort Worth, T ex., November 1959-B L S Bull. 1265-13, price 25 cents Jacksonville, F la., December 1959-B L S Bull. 1265-14, price 25 cents San Bernardino—R iverside—Ontario, Calif*, November 1959-4— BLS Bull. 1265-15, price 25 cents