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Occupational Wage Survey PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND -M ASSACH USETTS MARCH 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-34 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, CommisMonar Occupational Wage Survey PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND-MASSACHUSETTS MARCH 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-34 May I9 6 0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner JFor sal# by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cento Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a ge S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s r e g u la r ly con du cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s . T h e s tu d ie s , m ad e f r o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le t io n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata n ot in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s o f a ll o f the y e a r ' s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le t io n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t roun d o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ’ s r e g io n a l o f f i c e in B o s to n , M a s s ., b y L e o E p s t e in , u n der the d ir e c t io n o f P a u l V . M u lk e r n , R e g io n a l W a ge and In d u s t r i a l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. In tr o d u c tio n _____________________________________________________________________ W a ge tr e n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s ____________________________ 1 4 T a b le s : 1. 2. A; B: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ____________ In d e x e s o f s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s , and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s _________________ O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A - 1. O ff ic e o c c u p a tio n s _____________________________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s __________________ A -3 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s _________________ A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s _________ E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s : * B - l. S h ift d if fe r e n t ia ls _____________________________________________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n tra n c e s a la r ie s f o r w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------------------B -3 . S c h ed u le d w e e k ly h o u rs ----------------------------------------------B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s ____________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s ________________________________________________ B -6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans ____________________ A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s ______________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s a r e a v a ila b le in the P r o v id e n c e a r e a r e p o r t s f o r D e c e m b e r 1951 and 1952, and M a r c h 1956. M o s t o f the r e p o r t s a ls o in c lu d e d ata on th e s e o r r e la t e d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r t s f o r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and su p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r a c t ic e s in the P r o v id e n c e a r e a is a ls o a v a ila b le f o r auto d e a le r r e p a ir shops (June 1958). U n ion s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g p a y l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le f o r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , l o c a i- t r a n s it o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 3 3 5 7 8 9 11 11 12 13 14 16 17 Occupational Wage Survey—Providence, R. I.—Mass. Introduction T his area is one of se v e r a l im portant in dustrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of L a b o r s B ureau of Labor S ta tistic s has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areaw ide b a s is . In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v is its of B ureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts w ithin six broad industry division s: M anufacturing; tra n sp o rta tio n ,1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from th ese stu d ies are governm ent operations and the con struction and ex tractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having* few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted a lso because they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d iv isio n s. T h ese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis b ecause of the u n n ecessary co st involved in surveying a ll estab lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um co st, a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, a ll estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim a tes based on the estab lish m en ts studied are presen ted , th erefo re, as r e lating to a ll estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cep t for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selec te d for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sifica tio n is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties w ithin the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fession a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and pow er plant; and (d) cu stod ial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w o rk ers, i. e . , those hired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational c la ssifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occupations, refereh ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which straigh t-tim e sa la r ie s are paid; average w eekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are presented sep arately for selec te d occupations in which both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and wom en in th ese occupations are la rg ely due to (1) d ifferen ces in the distribution of the sex es among in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ss ifie d w ithin the sam e su rvey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la r ie s are adjusted on this basis. L onger average serv ic e of m en would re su lt in higher average pay when both sex es are em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job descrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in th ese su rveys are u su ally m ore gen era lized than those u sed in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces am ong estab lish m en ts in sp ecifip duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally su rveyed . B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational stru ctu re among estab lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T hese d ifferen ces in occu pational structure do not m ateria lly affect the accu racy of the earn* ings data. E stab lish m en t P ra c tic es and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary ben efits as they r e late to office and plant w o rk ers. The term "offite w o rk ers, " as u sed in this bulletin, includes working su p erv iso rs and non su p ervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related functions, and exclu d es adm in istr a tiv e , ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l p erson n el. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all n on su p ervisory w orkers (including lea d 1 R ailroad s, fo rm erly excluded from the scope of th ese stu d ies,m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istrative, have been added in n early a ll of the areas to be studied during the ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l em p lo y ees, and force-acco u n t construction em p loyees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded . w inter of 1959-60; railroad s w ill be added in the rem aining areas next year. F or scope of survey in this area, se e footnote to "transporta C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing indus tion, com m unication, and other public u tilitie s " in table 1. tries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing industries. 2 S h ift d if fe r e n t ia l d ata (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d b oth in te r m s o f (a ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p lan t w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b ) e f f e c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d s h ift a t the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g v a r ie d d if fe r e n t ia ls , the am ou n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w as u s e d o r , i f no am ou n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s ific a t io n " o t h e r ” w as u s e d . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich s om e la t e s h ift h o u rs a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if fe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly i f i t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the s h ift h o u rs . M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s ta b lis h m e n t, r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p aid v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f such w o r k e r s a r e e l ig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s l is t e d . S c h ed u le d h o u rs a r e tr e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th es e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p lan t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, sum s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in th es e ta b u la tio n s m a y not e q u a l to t a ls . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f the p aid h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d . The second p a rt c o m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to s h o w to ta l h o lid a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p lans is lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , e x c lu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p ay is g ra n te d a t the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in c o m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , such as tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r fla t - s u m a m ou n ts. H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts n ot on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d as the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 's p a y . D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts such as w o rk m e n * s c o m p e n s a tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . Such p lans in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r itte n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v id e d th ro u gh a u n ion fund o r p aid d i r e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r ou t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r f r o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f l i f e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e is l i m i t e d to th at ty p e o f in s u ra n c e u n d er w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r ^ n o n th ly b a s is d u rin g i l ln e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . I n fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll such p lan s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N e w J e r s e y , w h ich h a ve e n a c te d te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u ra n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 p lan s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1 ) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is l e g a l l y r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s ic k - le a v e p lans a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s 5 w h ic h p r o v id e fu ll p ay o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's p ay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i lln e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p lans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p ay and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2 ) p lans p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p ay o r a w a itin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e o r p a id s ic k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a ted to ta l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e i v e e it h e r o r b oth ty p e s o f b e n e fit s . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to a s, e x te n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p lan s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e yo n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p lans p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such p lan s m a y b e u n d e r w r itte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y b e s e lf- in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p lan s a r e l i m it e d to th o s e p lan s th at p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's l i f e . A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d as h a v in g a p o lic y i f it m e t 4 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a l i fo r n i a and R h o d e Is la n d e it h e r o f the f o llo w in g c o n d itio n s : (1 ) O p e r a te d la te s h ifts at the tim e do n ot r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . o f the s u r v e y , o r (2 ) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts . 5 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d as h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n i f 3 S ch ed u le d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t io n oi tf e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e th at ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to la te 1957 and e a r l y 1958 w e r e c o u ld be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a p la n n e e d n o t b e w r it t e n , p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r tio n o f w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s e m but in fo r m a l s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , p lo y e d in o f f ic e s w ith the in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s . w e r e e x c lu d e d . 3 T a b le 1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , x b y m a j o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 M a r c h I 9 6 0 M in im u m In d u s try d iv is io n W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y W it h in scop e of s tu d y 3 W ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y S t u d ie d S t u d ie d T ota l 4 A l l d i v i s i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------- 51 7 24 134 1 4 6 ,8 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------- ----------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , an d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 5 ------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________ ________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e _______ S e r v i c e s 7----------------------------------------------------------------- 51 51 536 188 78 56 1 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 2 ,9 0 0 51 51 51 51 51 29 34 65 34 26 14 6 20 9 7 8 , 600 2 ,6 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 6 , 600 2 ,5 0 0 O ffic e P la n t T ota l 4 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 9 ,3 0 0 6 1 ,1 3 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 8 , 600 9 0 ,4 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 4 1 ,2 8 0 1 9 ,8 5 0 1 ,5 0 0 (6) 1 , 100 5 , 600 (6 ) 1 0 ,0 0 0 (6) (J ) ( 6) 7 , 680 480 6 , 830 3 ,9 4 0 920 1 T h e P r o v i d e n c e M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a (C e n t r a l F a l l s , C r a n s t o n , P a w t u c k e t , P r o v i d e n c e , a n d W o o n s o c k e t c i t i e s , a n d 8 t o w n s in P r o v i d e n c e C o u n t y ; N a r r a g a n s e t t a n d N o r t h K in g s t o n t o w n s in W a s h in g t o n C o u n t y ; W a r w ic k c i t y a n d 3 t o w n s in K e n t C o u n t y ; a ll o f B r i s t o l C o u n t y ; J a m e s t o w n to w n in N e w p o r t C o u n t y , R . I . A l s o A t t l e b o r o c i t y a n d 8 c o n t i g u o u s t o w n s in B r i s t o l , N o r f o l k a n d W o r c e s t e r C o u n t i e s , M a s s . ) - T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e i n c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o - m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1 9 5 7 r e v i s e d e d i t io n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t i o n (u s e d in th e B u r e a u 's l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r to the w in t e r o f 1 9 5 8 —5 9 ) a r e th e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e ( w h o l e s a le o r r e t a i l ) to m a n u fa c t u r i n g a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s to th e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t a t o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i z e li m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t le t s ^ w ithin th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t . 4 I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 R a i l r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s i n c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h is i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in th e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a lt h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t to j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e 'p r e s e n t a t i o n o f d a t a . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g i n e e r i n g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2 . I n d e x e s o f s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s an d s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s in P r o v id e n c e , M a rc h I9 6 0 and M a r c h 1956, and p e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s In d e x e s ( D e c e m b e r 1 95 2 = 1 0 0 ) P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m — In d u s try an d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p M a rch I960 A l l in d u s t r ie s : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( w o m e n ) ____________________ _____ — ------I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) ------------------------------------------------------S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e ( m e n ) ------------ --------------------------------------U n s k i ll e d p la n t ( m e n ) ------ -------------- —------------------------------------ 130. 124. 135. 128. M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) ----------------------------------------------------------I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) --------- ----------------------------------------S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e ( m e n ) ____________________________________ U n s k i ll e d p la n t ( m e n ) ________________________________________— 133. 6 123. 9 1 3 4 .0 1 2 1 .6 9 8 0 3 R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h 195 6 M a r c h 195 6 to M a rch I960 D e c e m b e r 195 2 to M a r c h 1 95 6 D e c e m b e r 1951 to D e c e m b e r 1 95 2 0 5 8 5 1 5 .9 9. 0 1 8 .7 16. 1 1 3. 1 4. 1 3. 10. 0 5 8 5 5. 0 5 .4 4. 7 4. 5 1 14 . 0 1 1 5 .4 113. 6 105. 6 1 7. 2 7 .4 17. 9 15. 2 14. 15. 13. 5. 0 4 6 6 3. 4. 4. 4. 113. 114. 113. 110. 1 5 7 7 4 W a g e T r e n d s fo r S e le c t e d P r e s e n t e d in ta b le 2 a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s o f o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e le c te d p la n t w o r k e r g ro u p s . F o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , the in d e x e s r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h o u rs o f w o r k , th at is , the sta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le f o r w h ic h s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g ro u p s , th e y m e a s u r e ch an ges in s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . The* in d e x e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e le c t e d k e y o c c u p a tio n s and in c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p o rta n t jo b s w ith in e a c h g ro u p . T h e o f f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w o m e n in the f o llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i l le r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ); b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B; C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , f i l e , c l a s s - A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; k eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; o f f i c e g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t s ; tab u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and t y p is t s , c la s s A and B . T h e in d u s tr ia l n u rs e data a r e b a s e d on w o m e n in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in te n a n c e jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r data: S k illed-— c a r p e n te r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e ; m illw r ig h t s ; p a in t e r s ; p ip e f it t e r s ; s h e e t - m e t a l* w o r k e r s ; and to o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g ; and w a tc h m e n . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e c om p u ted f o r e a c h o f the s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s . T h e a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n s w e r e th en to ta le d to o b ta in an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p . F in a lly , the r a t io o f th e s e g ro u p a g g r e g a t e s f o r a g iv e n y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r the b a s e p e r io d (s u r v e y m on th , w in t e r 1952 -5 3 ) O c c u p a tio n a l G r o u p s w a s c om p u ted and the r e s u lt m u ltip lie d b y th e b a s e y e a r in d e x (1 0 0 ) to g e t the in d e x f o r the g iv e n y e a r . A d ju s tm e n ts h a v e b e e n m a d e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y to m a in ta in c o m p a r a b ilit y . F o r e x a m p le , in m o s t o f the a r e a s s u r v e y e d , r a ilr o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d in the c o v e r a g e o f the s u r v e y s f o r the f i r s t tim e th is y e a r . In c o m p u tin g the in d e x e s , d ata r e la t in g to the r a ilr o a d in d u s tr y w e r e e x c lu d e d . T h e in d e x e s m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e f fe c t s o f ( l ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2 ) m e r i t o r o th e r in c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the s a m e jo b ; and (3 ) ch an ges in the la b o r f o r c e such as la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch an ges in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith d if fe r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n ges in the la b o r f o r c e can c a u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in th e o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ith o u t a c tu a l w a g e c h a n g e s . F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d ro p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u ld h a v e the o p p o s ite e f fe c t . The m ovem en t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a cou ld c a u s e the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s to d ro p , e v e n though n o ch an ge in r a te s o c c u r r e d in o th e r a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . T h e u s e o f c o n sta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a te s the e f fe c t s o f c h an ges in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b in clu d ed in the d ata. N o r a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c e d b y c h a n ges in sta n d a rd w o r k s c h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s in c e th e y a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s . In d e x e s f o r the p e r io d 1953 to 1959 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e ts a p p e a re d in B L S B u ll. 1 2 4 0 -2 2 , W a g e s and R e la te d B e n e fit s , 20 L a b o r M a r k e t s , W in t e r 1 9 5 8 -5 9 . A * O c c u p a t io n a l 5 E a r n in g s Table A-l. Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) Average Number of workers Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly j Weekly i 35. 00 hours and earnings (Standard) (Standard) u n d er 40. 00 $ ' $ 40. 00 45. 00 45. 00 50. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 8 0. 00 $ 8 5. 00 $ 9 0. 00 $ 9 5 . 00 $ 1 00 .00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5. 00 100.00 1 05 .00 1 10 .00 1 1 5 .0 0 15 10 8 8 18 11 4 4 1 0 5 .00 f i o . o o $ $ 115 .00 1 2 0 .00 and 120 .00 over M en 102 68 39. 5 40. 0 $ 7 8 . 00 78. 00 _ _ ___ - - 1 1 4 4 2 2 13 3 O ffic e b o y s __________ ___________ __ _ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ _ ________ __ __________ _ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------- __ ______ _________ 123 85 38 39. 0 39. 0 38. 0 51. 50 51. 50 51. 50 1 1 29 17 12 15 11 4 24 21 3 28 19 9 21 17 4 5 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ " - 74 56 38. 0 37. 0 8 2. 00 83. 50 _ _ _ - - - 2 2 3 3 6 4 4 3 12 7 B i ll e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) _ ___ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ___ ______ _______ __ _________ _ 97 73 39. 5 40. 0 61. 50 64. 00 6 - 2 - 10 10 15 7 19 11 22 22 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ _ __ ______ _ „ R e t a il t r a d e __ __ ___ ________ ____ 39. 0 38. 5 38. 5 53. 50 53. 00 52. 50 _ - 6 6 - 16 16 16 5 5 - 14 13 13 9 7 4 _ _ _ 53 50 33 ______ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 80 80 38. 0 39. 0 37. 5 59. 50 69. 50 49. 50 _ - - “ - 47 _ 47 36 10 26 2 2 8 5 3 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _________ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g ________ _____ __ __ _ ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ - _ . ..... _. ... R e t a il t r a d e ___ _______________ ______ ____________ 385 189 196 47 38. 38. 38. 38. 5 5 5 5 52. 52. 52. 50. 50 50 50 50 3 3 3 86 44 42 7 76 16 60 15 103 69 34 5 19 4 15 6 C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A _____________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ ___________________ ___________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______ __________ _ ________ ___ R e t a il t r a d e ________ _____ _ __ ________ _________ 235 136 99 39 38. 39. 38. 39. 5 0 0 0 74. 75. 71. 66. 00 50 50 00 - 1 1 1 2 2 2 9 1 8 4 C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _____ ... - M a n u fa c t u r in g -------- — --------- ---------------------------___ __ ____ _ ___ __ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __ _ ____ _____ _ __ _ _ R e t a il tr a d e ___ ___ ____ _____ __ ._ __ _ 483 184 299 54 110 38. 39. 38. 38. 38. 5 0 0 5 5 54. 60. 51. 58. 48. 50 50 00 00 00 24 24 15 58 3 55 3 13 97 18 79 10 34 75 C le r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ______________ _ ____ ______ M a n u fa ctu rin g ______ ____________________ ________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g __ ________ _________ ___ ___ 148 51 97 38. 0 39. 5 37. 5 58. 50 58. 50 59. 00 - 15 15 C le r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B _____ _____ I _ __ __ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g ______ _ ___ _____ __ ________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ ____________ __ __ _ 3 94 201 193 38. 5 39. 0 37. 5 47. 50 47. 50 48. 00 141 72 69 C le r k s , o r d e r _________ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________ _________ ______ _ ______________________ T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ ________________ __ ____ 1 1 16 16 2 2 7 - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - - - - 14 12 6 3 5 1 _ 10 10 1 1 _ - 6 5 " 3 3 2 2 19 19 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - " - - _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - 3 3 - - " - 25 23 2 15 15 - 16 16 - _ - _ - _ - 58 45 13 11 15 7 8 " 17 3 14 - 8 1 7 _ _ _ _ - - - - 9 4 5 4 23 5 18 6 40 19 21 8 40 33 7 6 22 20 2 49 8 31 71 39 32 10 9 64 39 25 12 2 40 24 16 1 4 38 27 11 3 2 9 2 7 7 - 14 1 13 27 16 11 36 19 17 5 3 2 25 5 20 19 7 12 1 1 109 52 57 84 66 18 31 11 20 1 8 10 _ — 11 r ~ W om en B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ___________ ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ____ _________ _ _ __ _ _ _ 10 10 26 - n 11 - _ _ - " - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - " - - _ _ - _ - - _ - - - - - - " " - - 35 25 10 2 25 17 8 3 16 12 4 9 9 3 4 4 - - _ " _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ 7 ------ £ — _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 - - - - " - - - 5 _ - - - _ - 5 - 1 1 _ _ - _ _ - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - " _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 8 10 " ~ ■ “ " " " “ ” “ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le . NOTE: _ _ - E s t im a t e s f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s , n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g , and p u b lic u t ilit ie s in c lu d e data f o r r a il r o a d s (SIC 40), o m it t e d f r o m the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e f o r e the w in t e r o f 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . W h ere s ig n ific a n t , the e f f e c t o f the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s is g r e a t e s t on the data sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly f o r the p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . T h e tr e n d o f e a r n in g s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s in a ll in d u s t r ie s , e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s , a p p e a r s in ta b le 2. 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I96 0 ) Avebaqb Number of workers S ex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly . Weekly . 35. 00 and hours * earnings (Standard) (Standard) u n d er 40. 00 1 $ $ 40. 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 8 5. 00 31 30 1 - 18 9 9 2 34 — 13 21 - 28 28 - 5 5 - - 78 75 3 36 29 7 38 38 - - - - 13 13 - _ - 80. 00 I s . 00 90. 00 $90. 00 * 9 5 .0 0 f o o . o o 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 f 0 5 .0 0 f 1 0i00 f 15 .0 0 f 2 0 .0 0 and 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 over W o m e n — C on tin u ed C le r k s , o r d e r _____ _ __ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g . N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ R e t a il t r a d e __ _____ __ __ __ __ _ . __ ______ ____ _ __ ______ _ _ - 1 1 - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - - - - - 29 27 2 " ]0 10 - 1 1 " 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - 1 1 _ - _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ ~ _ - - _ - _ - _ - _ “ 119 72 47 2 69 41 28 " 50 31 19 10 10 2 8 1 44 32 12 1 _ _ _ 2 2 - 2 2 - " 6 1 5 - 50 37 13 2 43 40 3 - 4 1 3 - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - _ - - 4 4 - _ - 10 3 7 7 - 8 8 8 - 1 1 1 - 6 2 4 4 " _ - _ - _ - _ - - " 58 33 25 21 13 8 8 8 _ - 4 4 " - _ - 2 2 19 10 9 15 7 8 23 20 3 1 1 _ - 17 4 13 15 15 " 16 14 2 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - “ “ - 28 23 5 56 45 11 52 50 2 1 1 " 4 4 2 2 “ _ - 344 271 73 32 39. 39. 38. 38. 5 5 5 5 $57. 58. 55. 47. 50 00 50 00 3 3 3 22 1 21 9 52 40 12 12 87 81 6 6 63 63 - 449 38? 63 34 39. 39. 38. 38. 0 0 5 5 63. 64. 58. 52. 50 50 50 00 _ - 21 17 4 4 52 28 24 14 89 77 12 - 3 3 3 11 90 85 5 2 144 66 78 46 38. 39. 38. 38. 5 0 0 0 62. 66. 59. 50. 50 50 00 50 6 6 6 9 9 9 16 16 15 14 7 7 4 18 15 3 1 16 10 6 1 19 9 10 8 15 12 3 - 16 16 2 300 134 166 28 38. 40. 37. 38. 5 0 0 0 59. 61. 57. 67. 00 50 00 50 _ _ 5 5 " - 47 47 1 47 13 34 4 73 42 31 1 52 39 13 2 40 25 15 4 25 11 14 14 4 4 1 6 4 2 1 39. 0 4 0. 0 38. 5 46. 50 45. 50 4 7. 00 _ 44 21 23 10 3 7 9 8 2 2 _ " 1 1 _ - 1 1 _ - 1 3 2 1 900 576 324 26 38. 39. 37. 37. 5 0 5 5 73. 74. 72. 77. 50 00 50 50 18 _ 18 - 13 _ 13 1 12 4 8 1 51 16 35 2 170 130 40 3 103 78 25 4 101 74 27 1 130 93 37 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ____ __ ___ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ _ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ _ _ _ _______ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __ _ __ __ ___ 808 403 405 47 38. 39. 38. 38. 5 5 0 5 60. 62. 57. 70. 00 50 50 50 _ - 87 “ IT 71 “ 84 22 62 " 65 30 35 2 143 69 74 2 171 126 45 2 81 48 33 4 76 14 62 35 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s M a n u fa ctu r in g _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 R e t a il t r a d e __ __ 174 48 126 29 59 39. 40. 38. 39. 37. 0 0 5 0 5 56. 6 l. 54. 72. 47. 50 50 50 50 50 14 14 14 10 1 9 9 30 1 29 6 15 1 14 11 41 14 27 6 19 31 21 10 1 - 7 5 2 1 347 273 74 39. 0 39. 5 38. 0 58. 00 57. 50 61. 00 _ - _ - 69 69 * 58 42 16 42 25 17 87 79 8 62 37 25 38. 5 39. 5 37. 5 71. 50 72. 50 70. 00 _ _ _ _ " - - " 2 2 84 36 48 38. 5 40. 0 37. 0 56. 50 63. 00 52. 00 _ - 3 3 16 1 15 16 1 15 227 163 64 38. 5 39. 5 37. 0 57. 50 60. 00 51. 50 14 10 4 43 9 34 27 19 8 C le r k s , p a y r o l l __ _ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ R e t a il t r a d e - _ ____ _ __ _ __ ___________ ______ ______ _ _ ____ C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s __ _______ __ __ ___ M a n u fa ctu r in g .......................... N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ ____ ___ _____ __ R e t a il t r a d e _ ___ _ K ey p u n ch o p e r a t o r s ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __ ___ O ffic e g i r l s __ ___ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ _ __ _ _ __ — _ _ ____ _ 70 34 36 __ S e c r e t a r ie s _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ________ __ -------_______ _ ....... . __ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s M a n u fa ctu r in g _ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — _ ____ _ __ _ _ _ _____ _ _ __ T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ — _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g --------- _________ — — _ T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C _ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ ___ ____ _ _ _ T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l __ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____ _ S ee fo o t n o t e s a t end o f ta b le . __ _ - __ _ _ - _ 7 - ' - _ - 1 - - - “ _ _ - . _ - _ _ - - - - - _ - . _ - - _ - - - - - - - " - 1 1 1 - _ - _ - - “ - _ " _ - _ _ _ - “ “ ~ “ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ ~ _ " _ - ~ _ • - - . _ - _ - _ - _ - " - " _ “ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - ' ' ' ‘ ' 7 Table A -l. Office Occupatbns-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Number of S ex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Weekly i Weekly j hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) $ 35. 00 and u n d er 40. 00 $ 40. 00 45. 00 $ $ 45. 00 50. 00 $ $ 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 Is. 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90 . 00 2 1 1 5 4 1 _ 60. 00 50. 00 55. 00 105 40 65 82 78 4 98 98 - 54 53 1 24 24 " 33 30 3 149 96 53 16 142 70 72 7 51 27 24 7 15 8 7 3 _ - - 3 “ “ 00 $ 90 . 00 $9 5 .0 0 $ 1 00 .00 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .00 1 15 .00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105 .00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 15 .00 1 20 .00 $ 1 2 0 .00 and over W om en — -C ontinued T y p is t s , c l a s s A M a n u fa c t u r in g ------ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------- _ ------ — _ _ 484 368 116 -------- T y p is t s , c l a s s B __ __ — — M a n u fa c t u r in g _________ ______ — ----N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ __ — — __ R e t a il t r a d e ______ — _____________ _____ _ — ----- 1, 038 519 519 49 38. 5 39. 5 36. 5 38. 40. 37. 38. 5 0 5 5 $ 5 8 . 50 60. 50 53. 00 48. 49. 47. 51. 00 00 50 00 _ _ - - - " 78 40 38 33 341 148 193 2 304 170 134 14 - 33 3 - ” 1 2 _ - - - 1 2 " _ _ - - - “ “ - _ _ - - _ _ _ - - - " " " " _ _ _ > - - - - " ' - - " 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d i v is i o n Number erf workers Weekly 1 Weekly 1 earnings (Standard) (Standard) U n der $ 55. 00 f>5. 00 and u n d er 60. 00 ? 0 . 00 ? 5 . 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 8 0. 00 §5 . 00 90 . 00 *95.0 0 f o o . o o f o 5 . 00 f i o . o o 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 8 5. 00 9 0. 00 9 5. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 ? 1 5 .0 0 f2 0 .0 0 ? 2 5 .0 0 ? 3 0 .0 0 ?3 5 .0 0 and 1 3 5 .0 0 over M en D r a fts m e n , s e n i o r -------- ------------ — --------------------- _ M a n u fa c t u r in g _______ ______ ______ __ _ — ------ 248 229 39. 5 40. 0 $ 106. 00 107. 50 " " - - 10 10 - 10 8 13 11 37 26 17 15 34 33' D ra fts m e n , ju n io r __________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ___ — ________ __ _____ 147 143 40. 0 40. 0 8 3. 50 84. 00 1 ” 1 - 2 1 13 12 9 9 34 34 25 25 20 20 13 13 11 11 92 82 4 0. 0 40. 0 73. 00 72. 50 7 5 4 4 14 13 10 10 15 14 12 12 6 4 18 16 4 2 1 1 30 30 13 13 13 13 15 15 1 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ " 27 27 17 17 14 14 12 12 _ _ _ “ " 2 2 _ _ _ W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l (r e g i s t e r e d ) __ M a n u fa c t u r in g _____ _______ — — __ __ ---------- _ 1 S tandard h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . NOTE: S ee n o te on p . 5, r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . _ ■ 8 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o cc u p a tio n s - s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , K. I .--M a s s . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n ce __ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ _____ ___ __ 217 174 43 Average hourly x earnings 20 and u n d er 1. 30 $ 2 . 21 2. 14 2. 48 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 40 $ 1. 50 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 90 1. 40 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1 .9 0 6 6 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 66 60 6 - 16 12 4 “ 33 33 - 43 42 1 1 16 14 2 2 15 10 5 5 45 38 7 7 9 8 1 1 17 10 7 7 12 9 3 3 2 1 1 1 - " _ - 25 _ 25 32 2 30 36 36 _ _ 9 8 _ - - 36 l6 20 1 - _ - _ - 15 15 _ " _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ 5 5 10 2 8 1 1 - _ - - 52 52 - 9 7 2 3 2 " 15 11 4 1 5 5 - 14 11 3 40 37 3 74 68 6 112 112 - 15 12 3 8 2 6 _ - 10 10 “ 13 12 1 13 4 9 16 16 23 12 11 6 6 _ - 48 48 68 67 1 j 57 57 19 11 8 8 15 14 — 22 12 10 10 21 _ _ 20 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 19 29 29 37 37 9 9 1 1 - - 2 2 2 2 - 1 8 4 20 20 15 15 - 3 3 38 35 2 _ 2 14 13 1 191 191 2. 24 2. 24 _ 586 580 2. 33 2. 33 M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o tiv e (m a in t e n a n c e ) — M a n u fa c t u r in g _____ __ _ _ ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g __ _ ___ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __ __ — 189 35 154 133 2. 2. 2. 2. M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e --------- __ ____ M a n u fa ctu r in g — _ ______ _ ____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ ___ _ ___ __ 391 345 46 2. 27 2. 21 2. 75 _ M illw r ig h t s ___ ________ ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _____ __ 123 123 2. 16 2. 16 1 1 _ “ - 2 2 _ _ _ T 17 5 5 8 r~ 1 4 4 - 81 81 - 62 62 69 69 36 36 42 41 34 34 51 51 20 20 77 77 43 43 19 19 4 4 - 8 _ 8 . _ - - 19 2 2 _ - - - " - " 17 _ - _ - - _ - - - _ - 9 4 5 5 12 2 10 10 42 42 42 10 4 6 6 8 8 8 11 11 11 16 7 9 3 38 1 37 37 13 2 11 11 _ - - 3 _ 3 - _ _ _ - - - 12 12 - - - 8 8 “ 60 60 - 8 8 - 88 87 1 8 8 - 22 21 1 16 16 - 31 31 - 42 38 4 65 48 17 8 6 2 2 - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - 1 1 15 15 38 38 6 6 23 23 4 4 13 13 4 4 8 8 2 2 _ - 7 6 9 8 2 2 11 11 - 158 156 1. 65 1. 64 52 52 86 72 2. 11 2. 08 123 121 11 11 _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ 16 16 _ _ - - _ - - - - 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ " - - _ _ _ _ " - - 5 5 31 31 14 14 8 8 _ _ _ 9 6 12 12 1 1 22 20 5 4 2 2 2 1 _ _ - 16 14 _ - 4 4 _ - 1 - " - - " 12 8 2. 27 2. 26 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 1 18 18 14 14 25 25 4 4 7 7 2 2 21 21 16 16 3 3 _ - 3 3 3 1 40 38 2. 29 2. 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 4 4 5 5 2 1 - 6 5 8 8 _ " 1 1 _ - 10 10 _ - " 2 2 347 347 2. 83 2. 83 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ** - - - - 15 15 17 17 23 23 52 52 3 3 12 12 17 17 30 30 - 10 ----- 6~“ 4 - 2 17 17 " _ - - - 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w f 2k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 3 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e a t $1 to $ 1 . 10 4 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in j e w e l r y m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . _ - 15 15 _ - > - 71 71 S ee n o te o n p. 5, r e l a t i v e to the in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s , 2 2 - " 1. 90 1 .8 7 2. 12 2. 18 12 12 - 16 16 - 298 NOTE: 33 14 19 _ _ H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n ce M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ ____ __ 4 4 - 59 53 6 - T o o l and d ie m a k e r s 4 ________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________ _ _ ________ 2. 90 12 12 - - 15 15 S h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a in t e n a n c e -------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ___ __ _ _ __ ___ 2, 80 27 27 - _ _ _ - over 2. 70 36 36 - - - 3. 30 2. 10 23 22 1 ~ - $ 3. 30 and 23 23 “ 35 35 - _ - _ ______________ _ __ _____ 3. 20 3. 20 2. 00 12 8 4 - 3 33 30 3 P ip e fit t e r s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa c t u r in g ------ _ 3. 10 $ 36 29 7 1 _ 1 - 1. 91 1. 84 2. 31 __ _ 3. 00 3. 10 10 10 - 393 329 64 _______________ _ 2. 60 $ - F ir e m e n , s t a t io n a r y , b o i l e r __ _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g _________________________________ _ ___ __ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n c e M a n u fa c t u r in g ___ __ 2. 50 $ 3. 00 _ _ - _ ________ _ _______ 2, 40 $ 2. 90 - 6 6 O i l e r s __ ___________ _____ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ _ 2. 30 2. 80 - - _ ___ _________ _JL_20 $ - _ _ 38 61 33 28 $ 2. 70 " 2. 33 2. 09 2. 63 ___ ' __ $ 2. 60 - 317 178 139 _ $ 2. 50 - E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y ____ _ ___ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___ M a c h in is t s , m a in t e n a n c e __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ _ $ 2. 40 - _ - M a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ _____ ______ $ 2. 30 - 29 26 51 71 _ $ 2. 20 - 2. 2. 2. 2. __ $ 2. 10 - 366 319 47 27 P nK lir ntilitiAC ^ 2. 00 9 5 4 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n ce — __ __ ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______ __ _ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____ _ _ _____ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ____________________________ __ $ - - 1 _ _ 1 " - 5 5 1 1 _ - _ 1 38 38 70 70 8 8 1 “ " 30 30 32 32 - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R. I . —M a s s ., M a r c h I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O cc u p a tio n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Avenge hourly 2 earnings $ 1. 00 and u n d er 1. 10 $ 1. 10 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 $ 1. 40 1. 20 1. 30 1. 40 1. 50 E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) _______ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _ __ _ R e t a il t r a d e . . . _ __ ___ 61 59 49 $ 1 . 13 1. 12 1. 07 26 26 26 24 24 23 - G u a rd s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------- 175 72 103 1. 51 1. 77 1. 32 42 42 3 3 " J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s (m en ) ----- _ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______ __ _____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 __ _ _ _ __ _ R e t a il t r a d e _ ___ ________ 1. 129 839 290 57 131 1. 45 1. 44 1. 49 1 .8 6 1. 31 85 79 6 3 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s (w o m e n ) ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g _________ __ _ __ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — _ __ _ 231 94 137 1. 28 1. 41 1. 19 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g _ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ — _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __ ____ _ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 __ _ _ R e t a il t r a d e _ _ __ __ _ _ _ — _ __ _ 1, 282 807 475 203 113 $ 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 9 9 “ 31 21 10 11 11 - b ~ 10 10 8 8 - 133 80 53 49 196 172 24 1 16 146 63 83 8 30 103 99 4 _ 2 159 152 7 1 2 98 69 29 1 28 60 35 25 2 26 15 11 11 - 16 3 13 4 " 72 42 30 24 19 14 5 5 15 11 4 108 9 99 35 6 29 13 13 37 37 “ 6 6 - - - 8 8 “ 2 2 82 68 05 28 81 34 15 19 _ 19 1 1 1 26 10 16 _ 16 23 15 8 _ 3 107 105 2 _ - 45 32 13 32 5 27 - - 70 70 60 35 25 28 22 6 6 89 72 17 3 107 99 8 - - 21 21 10 10 19 19 _ _ _ - - - - 50 42 8 32 31 1 45 17 28 12 11 1 16 16 “ 33 33 - 42 42 17 10 7 4 4 1. 72 1. 70 1. 79 “ - - 16 16 " “ 13 12 1 262 224 38 1. 80 1. 73 2. 20 - - - 1 - 16 16 158 124 34 1. 80 1. 79 1. 84 _ - _ - 1 1 6 6 1 1 6 40 20 20 15 15 - 2 _ 2 2. 70 _ _ _ _ - " " “ 5 5 - - " - _ - - - - - - " _ 126 _ 126 75 50 - - - “ " " 16 16 _ _ - _ - - - - - - " . _ _ _ - - - 193 193 128 - 58 23 35 1 1 - - 12 10 2 2 2 " 5 5 46 12 34 8 8 - - 103 103 - 49 49 _ 18 18 _ 4 4 _ 21 21 _ 24 24 _ 1 1 - _ - 11 11 - - ~ " " _ _ _ _ _ “ 4 4 “ “ “ “ 27 16 11 5 3 2 4 4 “ . “ 5 5 _ _ - ” “ 24 24 " 34 34 7 2 5 2 1 1 23 23 . . - - - 20 17 3 2 2 16 16 11 10 11 11 _ - 22 15 7 - 20 20 _ _ 27 26 1 _ 66 — 5F“ - over _ 35 35 _ - 2. 70 and _ " - $ 2. 60 _ _ 1 48 45 3 $ 212 178 34 _ 13 - 60 ------- 6 0 “ - “ _ “ 78 50 28 _ 225 173 52 - 1 _ 211 190 21 _ 27 25 6 -------- g— _ - 189 163 26 _ 11 84 75 65 65 - _ - 89 83 - _ 7 2 5 1. 20 1. 21 $ 2. 50 3 " 260 243 S ee fo o t n o t e s a t end o f ta b le . $ 2. 40 3 P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (w o m e n ) ___________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ — __ Shipping and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s M a n u fa ctu rin g __ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ $ 2. 30 15 5 10 37 22 15 15 ----- $ 2. 20 26 1 25 42 33 9 9 __ $ 2. 10 6 6 83 77 6 6 ----- $ 2. 00 - 60 62 35 24 — 1. 90 _ 1. 1. 1. 1. _ $ 1. 80 _ 748 687~ 61 40 Shipping c l e r k s — M a n u fa ctu r in g N on m a n u fa ctu rin g __ 1. 80 $ - P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g ( m e n ) __________ — ______ M a n u fa ctu rin g ____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ _ _ __ _ R e t a il t r a d e ____ — __ — _ _ ____ 1. 70 1. 70 " 1. 65 1. 58 1. 75 — -------__ _ _ __ 1. 60 $ 2 - 379 210 169 R e c e iv in g c l e r k s — M a n u fa ctu rin g N on m a n u fa ctu rin g 1. 60 9 9 " O rd er fille r s _ _ _ ___ ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ __ _ __ _ $ 1. 50 _ “ _ - “ “ 2 2 _ _ _ “ _ " ~ _ - _ - 10 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , P r o v id e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 ____ _ ___ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 R e t a il t r a d e __ __ ____ __ __ ____ _ __ ____ T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ) — M a n u fa ctu r in g ----- — ----_ _ 1, 056 324 732 295 122 Average hourly earnings $2. 1. 2. 2. 2. $1. 00 and u n d er 1. 10 19 80 36 34 27 $1. 10 " *1. 20 - $1. 30 1. 20 1. 30 1. 40 - 16 16 6 - “ 37 28 9 3 - 6 6 18 12 5 5 6 " - - _ _ „ - - 34 25 9 _ 19 16 3 11 11 “ ~ 427 380 181 2. 47 2. 52 2. 34 - - - - 46 2. 22 - - 402 353 49 1. 90 1. 83 2. 38 - T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o t h e r than f o r k li ft ) __ _ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ __ _ ______ 114 104 1. 6 6 1. 61 W a tch m en __ ________ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ ___ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ _ _ _ _ R e t a il t r a d e _ --------- — 740 514 226 33 1. 1. 1. 1. T r n r k f» r s , p r> w «r ( f o r k l i f t ) M a n u fa ctu rin g — N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ _ . - ------ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ _______ _____ _____ -----— _ __ _ ---------- — 42 49 25 40 S ee n o te on p . 5, r e l a t i v e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . 30 28 2 ~ - 3 " “ *1. 80 - *1. 90 - 1. 90 2. 00 $ 2. 00 - $2. 10 2. 10 $2. 30 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 40 40 - 44 11 33 8 22 369 369 284 “ 84 40 44 3 - 81 8 73 70 - ” 2 2 “ 105 67 32 35 6 6 “ " 6 6 30 30 “ 13 13 51 20 31 16 16 “ - - - 7 6 - - - - 64 64 - 123 123 “ “ " ■ “ 181 181 181 3 3 " “ “ “ " 5 3 - 3 5 3 3 6 9 - 3 2 2 12 11 44 - 12 16 - - 32 16 39 39 “ - 1 “ “ _ _ _ _ _ ~ “ " “ “ - - - ■ 4 2 2 _ 2 2 2 2 2 34 6 28 ” 31 - - 20 20 “ ” - 4 4 ” 48 48 “ 88 88 ~ " 56 56 " 49 49 " ~ “ 24 24 " _ . _ 20 20 32 32 10 10 8 8 8 8 6 6 4 4 12 12 4 89 105 68 21 100 162 156 6 21 21 54 42 8 8 ! - - 12 - 1 29 29 22 22 - 10 8 5 over 1 1 3 77 74 3 3 2. 70 11 11 " _ 25 19 6 2. 70 and 6 6 - _ 142 142 2. 60 % - " - - 2. 50 *2. 50 - 22 22 - 5 2 3 - $2. 40 $ 2. 60 *2. 20 " - 62 22 40 12 11 “ “ 1 D ata lim it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 4 I n c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . 5 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 120 at $ 2 . 80 to $ 2 . 9 0; 6 at $ 2 . 90 and o v e r . NOTE: 1. 80 6 - T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s, o t h e r than t r a il e r ty p e ) - 1. 70 30 28 2. 02 1. 81 2. 20 ---------- 1. 60 - 388 177 211 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s, t r a il e r ty p e ) ________ _____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — ----P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ------ 1. 50 $1. 70 41 38 3 - " _ $ 1 .6 0 39 36 3 - 1. 51 1. 54 ____ *1. 50 - 54 33 21 9 - 97 75 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 t o n s ) __ — _ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______ ___ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — „ $ 1. 40 - 3 12 4 3 10 4 4 - - 105 - 1 1 _ 5 126 126 _ - - _ _ - - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 11 Table B-l. Shift Differentials ( P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r s h i ft w o r k , a n d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s 'a c t u a l ly o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i ft s b y t y p e a n d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) In e s t a b l is h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — T h ir d o r o t h e r S e c o n d s h ift w ork s h i ft w o r k S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l T o t a l __ __ - _ _ ________ _ ____ __ __ „ __ W ith s h i f t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ________________________________________ U n ifo r m c e n t s ( p e r h o u r ) ___ ___ __ ______ ___ _______ 3 c e n t s ___________________ __________________________________ 4 c e n t s __________ ___ __________________________ ________________ 5 c e n t s __________ _________ _____ _ __ _____________ __ 6 c e n t s ____ _ ____ ____ __ _____ _ 7 cen ts ___ __ . ______________________ c e n t s ____________ 8 c e n t s ___ ___________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 c e n t s . ... . _ 12 c e n t s ___________________________________ _________ _ __ 15 c e n t s _______________________________________________ ___ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e __ __ _ __ ____ ________ ___________ 5 p e r c e n t --------------__---------------------------- --------------------------------- __ 7 p e r c e n t ______________________ ____________________ ________ 10 p e r c e n t ____________ _ ______ ___________ __________ 15 p e r c e n t ___ _______________________ _________________ O t h e r f o r m a l p a id d i f f e r e n t i a l ____________ _______ __ _ 7lfz N o s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ________ __ _____________ _____________ 73. 2 64. 8 1 4. 1 _________ 7^6_________ 52. 1 5 8 .9 9 .5 7. 0 40. 1 8. 2 5 .5 3. 3 4. 1 2. 1 4. 4 1 1 .9 . 6 11. 0 1. 1 1 .0 8 .9 1. 0 42. 6 1. 0 3. 2 2. 3 14. 5 3. 3 1 1. 0 2. 4 4 .9 1 3 .9 1. 1 1. 0 1 0. 1 1. 7 2 .4 7. 6 2. 7 1. 0 1. 0 . 7 . 5 . 7 .8 . 2 1. 7 . 1 1. 6 . 2 6. 1 . 3 . 7 3. 1 . 6 .6 .4 .4 .8 . 1 . 7 - 4. 6 . 6 21. 1 1 I n c l u d e s e s t a b l is h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e e v e n th o u g h t h e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i f t s . In e s t a b l is h m e n t s a c t u a ll y o p e r a tin g — T h ir d o r o t h e r S e c o n d s h i ft s h i ft 5 ,9 s h i f t s , a n d e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la t e s h i ft s Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) O th er in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c t u r in g M in im u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1 A ll in d u s t r i e s E s t a b li s h m e n t s s t u d ie d ____________________________________________ E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m $ 3 2 . 50 $ 3 5 . 00 $ 3 7 . 50 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 5 7 . 50 $ 6 0. 00 $ 6 2 . 50 M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g A ll in H n otri ar B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u rs 3 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 134 78 XXX 79 39 33 A ll s c h e d u le s 1 1 5 17 4 7 37Vz 40 56 XXX XXX 40 12 16 _ _ 1 2 2 1 _ 10 2 3 3 134 78 XXX 74 33 29 _ _ - _ 12 8 8 10 5 7 3 3 3 - - - 1 1 7 30 9 10 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 2 - 3 - - _ _ 2 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 - 29 23 XXX 6 XXX 26 16 XXX 10 XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m _ E s t a b li s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in th is c a t e g o r y ____________________________________________________ - A ll sc h e d u le s 40 _ 1 1 5 29 12 15 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g | B a s e d o n sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s _ u n d e r $ 3 5 . 00 ______________________________________ u n d e r $ 3 7 . 50 ______________________________________ u n d e r $ 4 0 . 00 ______________________________________ u n d e r $ 4 2 . 5 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 4 5 . 00 ___________________________________ u n d e r $ 4 7 . 5 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 5 0 . 00 ______________________________________ u n d e r $ 5 2 . 50 _________________________________ u n d e r $ 5 5 . 00 _________________________________ u n d e r $ 5 7 . 50 ________________________________ u n d e r $ 6 0 . 00 _________________________________ u n d e r $ 6 2 . 50 _______________________________ _ o v e r ____________________________________________ ____ 1 2 3 and and and and and and and and and and and and and _________________ 1 _ _ _ _ - - 12 5 5 4 1 11 3 3 - - 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 - XXX 25 XXX 35 3 4 4 1 37V2 40 56 XXX XXX 41 12 16 1 1 7 18 4 5 _ - 3 2 1 - 3 12 2 1 - - - 2 1 1 2 - - 1 - 2 1 - - - - 1 - 1 19 X XX 6 XXX XXX 26 XXX 9 XXX XXX L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d f o r h i r in g i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . R a te s a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f ic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e n ot c o n s id e r e d . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , a n d f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k s NOTE: S e e n o t e o n p . 1 2, r e l a t i v e t o th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . _ - rep orted . 12 Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I. —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S W e e k ly H o u rs A ll w o rk e r s ______________________________________________ U n d e r 35 h o u r s ______________________________________ __ 3 5 h o u r s ___________________________________________________ O v e r 35 a n d u n d e r 367 * h o u r s _____________________ 3 6 V4 h o u r s __________ __________________________________ O v e r 3 67 * h o u r s a n d u n d e r 377z h o u r s __________ h o u r s ________________________________________________ O v e r 3772 h o u r s a n d u n d e r 3 8 3/4 h o u r s --------------3 8 3/4 h o u r s ________________________________________________ O v e r 3 8 3/ 4 h o u r s a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ____________ 4 0 h o u r s ___________________________________________________ O ver h ou rs and u n d er hours _____________ h o u r s ___________________________________________________ 45 h o u r s ____________________________________ ____________ h o u r s ___________________________________________________ h o u r s ______________________________________________ O ver h o u r s ________________________________________ 3 7 l/z 44 46 4 7 l/z 40 44 4 7 1/z All . industries Manufacturing 100 100 ( 4) 4 ( 4) 5 6 21 2 6 - 56 - ( 4) 3 - ( 4) 10 1 8 78 - Public , utilities 100 . 2 - 2 - 76 - 20 - Retail trade Financef AH , industries Manufacturing 100 100 100 - 2 2 11 8 17 9 5 ( 4) 1 ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 79 3 2 81 3 2 - - 50 - 4 3 ( 4) 5 _ _ 4 3 - 4 ! 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: E s t i m a t e s f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s in c lu d e d a ta f o r r a i l r o a d s (S IC 4 0 ) , o m it t e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f a l l l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e f o r e th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . W h e r e s i g n i f i c a n t , th e e f f e c t o f th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s is g r e a t e s t o n th e d a t a s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y f o r th e p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . Public » utilities Retail trade 100 100 . _ _ _ - 4 _ _ 4 98 - 2 _ - 7 6 4 64 3 _ 4 4 13 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS All , industries Item --------------------------------------------------------------------- A ll w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id h o lid a y s ---------------------- --------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s _____________________________________ Manufacturing Public 2 utilities PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance All industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 88 97 98 97 89 (4 ) “ ~ 12 3 2 3 11 (4 ) 2 6 (4) 10 (4 ) 13 29 7 18 3 11 (4 ) 3 10 (4 ) 17 ( 4) 22 34 12 1 - _ - 3 1 21 3 19 1 19 20 4 4 3 2 24 4 22 1 22 15 5 Number of days 5 h o l id a y s o r l e s s _____________________________________ 5 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ---------------------------------------6 h o l id a y s _______________________________________________ 6 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ----------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s _____________________ _________________________ 7 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ----------------------------------------8 h o l id a y s _______________________________________________ 9 h o l id a y s --------- -----------------------------------------------------------9 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ---------------------------------------10 h o l id a y s _ --------- ----------------------------------------------------10 h o l id a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y -----------------------------------11 h o l id a y s _____________________________________________ - 7 - 12 - 39 42 8 - 4 72 - 1 - - (4 ) ■ - (4 ) (4 ) 4 4 76 80 80 88 88 88 88 88 88 4 9 29 - 4 , i _ - 7 - 21 4 5 65 67 8 9 - - - ■ ' Total holiday time5 11 d a y s __ _______________________________________________ IOV2 o r m o r e d a y s ____________________________________ 10 o r m o r e d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------9 V 2 o r m o r e d a y s _____________________________________ 9 o r m o r e d a y s _____________________________________ 8 o r m o r e d a y s _____________________________________ o r m o r e d a y s --------------------------------------------------7 o r m o r e d a y s ____________________________________ 6 V2 o r m o r e d a y s __________________________________ 6 o r m o r e d a y s _____________________________________ 5 V2 o r m o r e d a y s __________________________________ 5 o r m o r e d a y s ____________________________________ 1 o r m o r e d a y s ____________________________________ 1% 1 2 3 4 5 days, 6 11 14 32 39 68 81 81 91 92 97 99 99 99 _ - 1 14 47 69 70 80 87 97 100 100 100 _ 42 81 81 93 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ 48 49 68 71 92 94 94 97 _ 5 20 42 43 65 69 93 95 96 98 - _ - 67 67 87 87 87 97 97 97 97 97 97 8 8 73 79 79 82 82 82 82 82 89 _ I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f f u l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b i n e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l o f 7 d a y s i n c lu d e s t h o s e w it h fu l l d a y s a n d 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 f u l l d a y s a n d 4 h a lf d a y s , a n d s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s w e r e th e n c u m u l a t e d . NOTE: S e e n o te on p. 12, r e l a t i v e t o th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . 7 fu ll d a y s a n d n o h a lf 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h 19&0) OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All t industries A l l w o r k e r s ___________________________________________ Manufacturing Public , utilities PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance All 3 industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 95 3 1 99 91 5 3 100 100 - 100 100 - 97 63 30 2 1 97 57 36 2 2 100 100 - 1 00 100 - 1 " “ 3 3 ■ 13 43 6 11 22 33 4 5 _ 15 2 37 4 57 - 45 14 ( 4) 2 54 10 1 ( 4) 31 ( 4) 68 ( 4) 46 ( 4) 52 - 13 85 2 33 4 63 - 76 6 15 37 62 ( 4) 83 7 7 - 1 38 5 57 - 25 1 73 42 1 56 2 7 90 19 81 68 9 20 ( 4) - 1 - ( 4) 78 11 8 - 21 78 1 22 78 - 14 6 79 - 23 11 65 - 7 88 5 34 26 35 1 38 32 26 1 ( 4) - 21 78 1 11 86 4 _ 4 60 _ 31 5 8 83 3 3 8 84 3 1 _ 99 1 11 59 26 4 M e th o d o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a i d v a c a t i o n s ______________________________________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ______________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t _____________________________ F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t ________________________________ O t h e r ________________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a i d v a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------- ------- A m ount o f v a c a tio n ( 4) pay5 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k ____ ______________________ ________ 1 w e e k __________________________________________________ ___ _________ ___ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _ 2 w e e k s ____________ __________________________________ - _ 16 1 26 5 46 _ - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ___ __ ________ ________ _______ ______ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________ ____ 2 w e e k s __ _____________ __________________________ 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 2 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _ _ ----------------_ --------- ----O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________________ 2 w e e k s _____________________ _____ 3 w e e k s _____ _________ __________ __ _____ A fte r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________________ 2 w e e k s __ ___ ___ _________ _______________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s __ __________ __ _________ _ __ __ ( 4) - 2 97 1 4 93 ( 4) 3 6 91 ( 4) 2 98 2 A fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______ __ _ ___ _______________ ______ 2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ __ _______ 3 w e e k s ___ __________ ___________ _________ __ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s __________________________ S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le , ( 4) ( 4) 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s an d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All j industries Manufacturing Public utilities , PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance All industries Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Retail trade Amount of vacation p a y 5— Continued A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k _______ _______________________________________ 2 w e e k s _ __ _____ _______________________________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _______ __________ _________ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 4 w e e k s ________________________________________________ _ 4 63 1 31 1 6 78 2 13 - - 4 6 39 3 51 52 4 44 _ _ 48 31 22 8 68 8 11 2 8 74 9 5 8 42 5 39 1 2 8 46 6 35 1 1 8 41 3 40 1 4 8 44 4 38 1 1 8 39 3 33 3 11 8 42 4 31 4 8 “ _ 52 11 27 46 2 42 21 _ _ 11 27 98 42 2 21 _ 11 27 _ _ A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e ______________________ _________ ___________ _______ 1 w eek 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _________________________ 3 w e e k s _______________________________________________ O v e r 3 an d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ___________ __________ ____ 4 w e e k s ____________________________________________________________ 31 2 62 _ 2 4 44 _ _ 98 31 - - _ _ 1 v4 ) - 22 6 38 2 4 44 _ _ _ _ _ A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ______________ __ ________________________________________ 2 w e e k s _________ ___________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________ _______________ 3 w e e k s ____________________________________________________________ O v e r 3 an d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _______________________________ 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 30 ( 4) 58 i 4) _ 53 74 28 - - _ _ 7 2 24 24 4 28 6 33 _ 2 4 44 _ _ 78 _ 39 _ 22 23 _ 11 27 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ______ ______________ ____________ _ _ _____________ 2 w e e k s ______________________ _________ ________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _____________ ___ 3 w e e k s _________________ ___________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s __ _ _ __ 4 w eeks ____ __ ______________ „ _______________ ( 4) 55 1 12 l 4) 50 1 9 - - 58 28 - _ 39 24 _ _ _ 64 39 _ 36 23 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 5 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d ic a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . in NOTE: S e e n o t e o n p. 12, r e l a t i v e t o th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a ll o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f i t s , P r o v i d e n c e , R . I . —M a s s . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit A l l w o r k e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------- All . industries 100 Manufacturing Public * utilities 100 1 00 PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance 100 All 3 industries 100 Manufacturing Public a utilities 100 100 Retail trade 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e — -----------------------------------------------------A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e -------------------------- ------------------------------------S ic k n e s s an d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o th 4 ----------------------------------------- 83 80 97 74 77 76 99 78 52 46 84 33 56 56 79 40 60 49 89 74 39 32 79 74 S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e -------------S ic k l e a v e (f u ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r i o d ) --------------- — — —— - — — — S ic k le a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) --------------- --------------- —----- ------ 27 30 32 17 31 29 50 32 49 32 89 57 8 4 22 42 1 26 - H o s p i t a l iz a t io n i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------— S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------------M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e -------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ------------——------——----------------N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n -------- 93 92 55 24 69 3 92 93 47 5 40 3 71 71 16 11 87 86 86 23 ( 5) 1 “ - 2 94 93 42 19 60 3 63 63 12 10 85 80 80 91 90 43 5 42 4 31 29 12 | - 35 8 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . a T r a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E : S e e n o te on p . 12, r e l a t i v e t o th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a ilr o a d s . 17 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is essen tial in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR P repares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, m achine, are classified by type of m achine, as follow s: Biller, machine (billing machine)— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare bills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n ecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and to tals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done oh a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrahd, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare cu sto m ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers ’ ledger rec ord. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit balan ces. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sa le s and credit slip s. O perates a bookkeeping m achine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational C ash R egister, w ith or w ithout a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of b u sin ess tran sactio n s. Class A— K eeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated rep o rts, balance sh eets, and other records by hand. Class B— K eeps a record of one or more phases or sectio n s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping • P h ases or sectio n s include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, m achine), co st distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sh eets for the accounting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete se t of books or records relating to one phase of an e sta b lish m ent’s b usiness tran sactio n s. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—.Continued CLERK, PAYROLL payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, ad justing and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Class B— Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the files. May per form incidental clerical duties. Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. any combination of the following: KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 19 SECRETARY TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. (see transcribing-machine operator). Does not include transcribing-machine work STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. . Does not include transcribing-machine work SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker*s time while at switchboard. Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Does not include and Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A— Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B one or more of the following: — Performs Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve Interpreting blueprintis, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their vork; performing more dif ficult problems. May assist subordinates di ing emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. a combination of the following: DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR a combina TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those tion of the following: a combination of the following: Copies plans and drawings prepared by ..ers,by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLA N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. most of the following: ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. most of the following: ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May supervise these operations. also Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. most of the following: MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and most of the following: 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; makingstandardshopcomputationsrelatingto dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. most of the following: MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose involve setting up or adjusting machines. most of the following: primary duties MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout most of the following: OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work Knowledge surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. involves the following: of PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications- In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. are . most of the following: Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems excluded 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. most of the following: (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. most of the following: For cross "industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve Sweeping, mopping scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD or a combination of the following: Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING other persons entering. (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or ing: one or more of the follow 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. boxes or crates are excluded. may involve one or more of Packers who also make wooden Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. are excluded. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK work involves: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER (Order picker; stock selectors warehouse stockman) the following: For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Shipping Receiving work involves: For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1960 0 — 552256 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1961. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Baltimore, Md., September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-7, price 15 cents Boston, Mass., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-8^ price 25 cents Buffalo, N.Y., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-4, price 20 cents Canton, Ohio, December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-10, price 25 cents Cleveland, Ohio, September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Dallas, Tex., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-3, price 20 cents Dayton, Ohio, December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-9, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-11, price 25 cents Detroit, Mich., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-25, price 20 cents Fort Worth, Tex., November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-13, price 25 cents Indianapolis, Ind., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-22, price 25 cents Jackson, Miss., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265-26, price 25 cents Jacksonville, Fla., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-14, price 25 cents Kansas City, Mo.-Kans., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-23, price 25 cents Memphis, Tenn., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-19, price 25 cents Miami, Fla., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-6, price 20 cents Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-21, price 25 cents Philadelphia, Pa., November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-16, price 25 cents Pittsburgh, Pa., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-20, price 25 cents Portland, Maine, November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-12, price 20 cents Richmond, Va., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265-24, price 25 cents St. Louis, Mo., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-5, price 25 cents San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario, Calif., November 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-15, price 25 cents San Francisco-Oakland, Calif., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-17, price 25 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents Washington, D-C.-Md.-Va., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265-18, price 25 cents
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