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Occupational Wage Survey PO R TLA N D , O REG O N A P R IL 1 9 5 6 BLS B u lle t in N o . 1 1 8 8 - 1 6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner Occupational wage surveys were conducted in 18 major labor markets during late 1955 and early 1956. Bulletins for the following areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., or from any of the regional sales offices listed below. As additional bulletins become available, they will be listed in subsequent issues. Labor Market Survey Period BLS Bulletin Number Dallas, Tex. Detroit, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. Philadelphia, Pa. New Orleans, La. Denver, Colo. San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. St. Louis, Mo. Newark-Jersey City, N. J. Lawrence, Mass. Memphis, Tenn. October 1955 October 1955 November 1955 November 1955 November 1955 December 1955 January 1956 December 1955 February 1956 December 1955 February 1956 February 1956 1188-1 1188-2 1188-3 1188-4 1188-5 1188-6 1188-7 1188-8 1188-9 1188-10 1188-11 1188-12 Price 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents For the convenience of users of BLS data, copies of bulletins may also be purchased from the following sales offices. U. S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r B ureau o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 341 Ninth A ven u e N ew York 1, N. Y . U. S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r B ureau of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 18 O liv e r S treet B o s to n 10, M ass. U . S. D epartm ent o f L a b or B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s 50 S even th S treet, N. E . A tla n ta 2 3 , G a. L . S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r B ureau o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s 105 W est A dam s Street C h ic a g o 3, 111 . U. S. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r B ureau o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 630 S a n so m e S tre e t San F r a n c is c o 1 1, C a l i f . O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y PO RTLAN D, OREGON A P R IL 1956 Bulletin No. 1188-16 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner June 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Contents Page I n t r o d u c t i o n ___________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 1 3 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: B: E s t a b lis h m e n t s an d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------I n d e x e s o f s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d p la n t o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , an d p e r c e n t o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 3 O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s * A - 1: O f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A - 2: P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s _______________________________________________________________________________ A - 3: M a in te n a n ce and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t io n s _____________________________________________________ _________________________ A - 4 : C u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l- m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s _____________________________________________________________ 5 7 8 10 E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v is i o n s * B - 1 : S h ift d i ffe r e n t i a l p r o v is i o n s ______________________________________________________________________________________________ B - 2 : Minijpnum e n t r a n c e ra te s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ____________________________________________ ;____________________ B - 3 : S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs ____________________________________________________________________ —-------------------------------------------B - 4 : P a id h o lid a y s _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B - 5 : P a id v a c a t io n s __________________________________________________________________________ B - 6 : H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ___________________________________________________ ____ __________________________ 11 12 13 13 14 16 A p p e n d ix : J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations for most of these items are available in the Portland area reports for June 1951, September 1952, September 1953, and A pril 1955. The 1953 report also provides tabulations of wage structure characteristics, labor-management agreements, and overtime pay provisions. The 1955 report also included data on frequency of wage payments, and pay pro visions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request. Current reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices in the Portland area are also available for machinery industries (February 1956), power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), and office building service (May 1955). Union scales, indicative of pre vailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers. iii 17 T h e C o m m u n i t y W a g e Survey P r o g r a m T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics regularly conducts a r e a w i d e w a g e surveys in a n u m b e r of important industrial centers. T h e studies, m a d e f r o m late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings a n d related s u p p l e m e n t a r y benefits. A preliminary report is available o n completion of the study in e a c h area, usually in the m o n t h following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin s u m m a rizing the results of all of the y e a r !s surveys is issued after c o m pletion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. IV Occupational W age Survey - Portland, Oreg. * Introduction T h e P o r t la n d a r e a is on e o f s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h the D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r f s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h a s c o n d u c t e d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e f it s o n an a r e a w id e b a s i s . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d a g e n ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t ili t ie s ; w h o l e s a l e tr a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s r a i l r o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s an d th e c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r i e s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d a l s o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d to w a r r a n t i n c l u s i o n . *12 W h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a t e ta b u la t io n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the s tu d y and n o t the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m the s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e do n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W a ge P r o v i s i o n s I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d a l s o (in th e B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) o n s e l e c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s as th ey r e la t e to o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u s e d in th is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s a ll o f f i c e c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s and e x c lu d e s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l . " P la n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ( in c lu d in g le a d m e n an d t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d t e c h n ic a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u t ili z e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s , b u t a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d o n a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s , and to in s u r e p r o m p t p u b li c a t io n o f r e s u l t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s s t u d ie d . In c o m b i n in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t . E s t im a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the in d u s t r y g r o u p in g an d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e l o w the m in im u m s i z e s t u d ie d . S h ift d iff e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d b o th in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 3 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , and (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d o n the b a s i s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n "o t h e r " w as u se d . O c c u p a t io n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c t u r in g an d n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t io n is b a s e d o n a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b l is h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e jo b ( s e e a p p e n d ix f o r lis t i n g o f th e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s ) . E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a t io n s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in t e n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t ; an d (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t . M in im u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n t s v i s i t e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r than o n an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s . S c h e d u le d h o u r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; an d h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y o n the b a s i s th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d i v id u a l it e m s in th e s e ta b u la tio n s d o n ot n e c e s s a r i l y eq u a l t o t a ls . D a ta a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h if t s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e i n c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s is lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p a y is g r a n te d at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d 3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g a p o l i c y i f it m e t e it h e r o f the f o llo w in g c o n d i t io n s : ( l ) O p e r a t e d la t e s h ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) h a d f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h ift s . 4 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t i o n o f ta b le B - 3 ) a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w ork ers. * T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 1 s r e g io n a l o f f i c e in San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . , b y W il lia m P . C P C o n n o r , u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f J oh n L . D a n a , R e g io n a l W a g e and In d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s A n a ly s t . 1 S ee ta b le 1 f o r m i n i m u m - s i z e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d . 2 T h e t a b u la tio n o f m in im u m e n tr a n c e r a t e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e la t e s o n ly to p r o v i s i o n s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d . 1 2 a c c o r d i n g to e m p l o y e r p r a c t i c e in c o m p u tin g v a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , s u c h as tim e p a y m e n t s , p e r c e n t o f an n u a l e a r n in g s , o r f l a t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t i o n a l lo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n ts n o t o n a tim e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f an n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 1s p a y . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s f o r w h ic h a t l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r , e x c e p t in g o n ly l e g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s s u c h as w o r k m e n 1 s c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . S u ch p la n s in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v i d e d th r o u g h a u n io n fu n d o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y the e m p lo y e r ou t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D e a th b e n e fit s a r e in c lu d e d a s a f o r m o f lif e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is l im it e d to th a t ty p e o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s i s d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s u c h p la n s to w h ic h the e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y d i s a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 5 p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n tr ib u t e s m o r e than is l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r [Z) p r o v i d e s th e e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fit s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la t io n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e li m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 1 s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b eca u se of illn e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la t io n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to ( l ) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y an d n o w a it in g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r i o d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n t a t io n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a te d t o t a l is sh ow n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e i v e e it h e r o r b o th t y p e s o f b e n e fit . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to as e x t e n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s an d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a li z a t io n , m e d i c a l , an d s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v i d in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s * f e e s . S u ch p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r it t e n b y c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r th e y m a y b e s e l f in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to th o s e p la n s th at p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r * s life . 5 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a l i f o r n i a an d R h o d e I s la n do n ot r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s . Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Portland, Oreg. , 1 by major industry division, A pril 1956 Minimum Number of establishments Workers in establishments s iz e establish Industry division Within scope of study Within ment scope of Studied in scope of study Total Office Plant study 2 A ll divisions -----------------------------------------------66,400 101,400 17,600 51 145 522 Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------49,900 3, 800 38,000 51 222 62 Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------13,800 51,500 28,400 300 83 51 Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities 4 3,300 7,900 20 15,100 51 51 Wholesale trade -------------------------------------9,300 18 51 85 (5) (5 ) Retail trade --------------------------------------------23 17, 100 13,200 84 2 , 100 51 Finance, insurance, and real estate --------5,900 51 37 9 (? ) (?) Services 6 -----------------------------------------------13 4, 100 43 51 (5 ) (5) 3 Studied Total3 55,850 25,020 30,830 1 1 ,8 9 0 3, 190 10,990 3,080 1,680 1 Portland Metropolitan Area (Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties, Oreg.; and Clark County, Washington). The "workers within scope of study" esti mates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. 5 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries'" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 6 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups T a b u la t e d b e l o w a r e in d e x e s o f s a l a r i e s o f w o m e n o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , and o f a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , th e in d e x e s r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o r k , that i s , the s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u le f o r w h ic h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , the in d e x e s m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . T h e in d e x e s a r e b a s e d o n d a ta f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t io n s an d in c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a l ly im p o r t a n t jo b s w ith in e a c h g r o u p . E ig h t e e n j o b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the o f f i c e c l e r i c a l in d e x ; 10 s k i l l e d m a in t e n a n c e jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e r e in c lu d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r i n d e x e s . S ee fo o t n o t e s to ta b le 2 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r i e s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f th e s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s . T h e a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e th en m u lt ip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f S e p t e m b e r 1952 an d S e p t e m b e r 1953 e m p lo y m e n t in the j o b . T h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n s w e r e th en a d d ed to o b ta in an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p . F i n a l l y , the r a tio o f th e se g r o u p a g g r e g a t e s f o r a g iv e n y e a r to th e a g g r e g a t e f o r the b a s e p e r i o d (s u r v e y m o n th , w in te r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 ) w a s c o m p u t e d an d the r e s u lt m u lt ip lie d b y the b a s e y e a r in d e x (1 0 0 ) to g e t the in d e x f o r the g iv e n y e a r . T h e in d e x e s m e a s u r e p r i n c i p a l l y the e f f e c t s o f ( l ) ge le r a l s a la r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the s a m e jo b ; and (3) la b o r tu r n o v e r o r f o r c e e x p a n s io n o r r e d u c t i o n . A f o r c e e x p a n s io n m ig h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t i o n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a tio n an d r e s u l t in a d r o p in the in d e x , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u ld h a v e the o p p o s it e e f f e c t . T h e in d e x e s a r e a l s o a f f e c t e d b y s h ift s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith d if f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . F o r e x a m p le , the m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b lis h m e n t o u t o f an a r e a c o u ld c a u s e the in d e x to d r o p , e v e n th ou gh n o c h a n g e in r a te s o c c u r r e d in o t h e r a r e a e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T h e u s e o f c o n s ta n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a t e s the e f f e c t s o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b in c lu d e d in th e in d e x . N o r a r e the in d e x e s in flu e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s in c e th ey a r e b a s e d o n p a y f o r s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r s . I n d e x e s f o r the p e r i o d 1952 to 1955 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a rk ets, a p p e a r e d in B L S B u ll. 1 1 7 2 , W a g e s and R e la te d B e n e f it s , 17 L a b o r M a r k e t s , 1 9 5 4 -5 5 . Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office cle rica l1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2 in Portland, Oregon, April 1955 and A pril 1956, and percent of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent increases from— (September 1952 s 100) September 1953 September 1952 A pril 1955 June 1951 June 1951 Industry and occupational group April April to to to to to 1955 1956 A pril 1956 A pril 1955 September 1953 September 1952 A pril 1956 A ll industries: 5.2 4. 7 5.4 4.6 110.3 21.3 116.0 Office clerical (women) _ __ __ ___ __ 5.5 6.8 115.0 22.8 4.9 3.9 Skilled maintenance (men) _ __ __ __ 109. 6 3.0 5.4 7.7 22. 6 110. Unskilled plant (men) _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 4.9 113.9 Manufacturing: 5.0 4.0 4.3 5. 6 20.4 114. 6 110.0 Office clerical (women)_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 4.6 7.4 23. 7 4. 7 115. 1 5. 1 Skilled maintenance (men) _ _ _ ___ ___ 109. 6 6. 7 5. 5 21.6 116.0 112.5 3. 1 Unskilled plant (men) __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ _ 4.9 1 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operatorreceptionists Tabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators, general Typists, class A and B 2 Based on data for the following jobs: Unskilled plant (men): Skilled maintenance (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Carpenters Electricians Laborers, material handling Machinists Watchmen Mechanics Mechanics, automotive Millwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers 5 A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l: Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) A vebaqe Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s try d iv is io n Weekly hours (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly earnings (Standard) $ 3 0 . 00 under 3 5 . 00 $ 3 5 . 00 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ $ $ 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 “ 6 0 .0 0 " 6 5 .0 0 $ $ 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 “ 7 5 .0 0 $ $ 75.00 8 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 " “ 9 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 " ■ 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 M en 89 35 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 $ 8 6 .0 0 8 6 . 00 8 6 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 57 44 4 0 .0 40. 0 6 7 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 C l e r k s , o r d e r ----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 285 65 220 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 0 .5 0 9 1 .0 0 7 7 . 50 - - - " * 1 ------------------------------- 35 4 0 .0 7 9 . 50 - _ - O f f i c e b o y s ----------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 86 39 47 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 9 . 50 4 4 . 50 5 3 . 50 _ _ - - - T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ----N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- 68 8 5 . 50 8 6 .0 0 - 49 4 0 .0 40. 0 P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------ 124 26 98 35 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 8 . 50 6 l . 50 5 7 . 50 6 0 .0 0 B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) ------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------- ;--------------- 60 51 4 0 .0 40. 0 5 2 . 50 5 2 . 60 - B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------- 64 32 32 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 6 9 . 50 6 8 .0 0 7 0 . 50 _ _ - - B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B -----------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------- 439 57 382 34 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 55. 60. 54. 54. C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ----------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------- 214 89 125 34 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 4 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 4 . 50 6 9 .0 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------- 523 138 385 59 147 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 0 . 50 5 9 .5 0 6 0 . 50 6 7 . 50 5 6 .0 0 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A -------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- 43 38 39. 5 3 9 .5 6 1 .5 0 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ----M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------- 137 48 C le r k s , p a y r o ll 28 12 16 6 23 11 12 5 23 12 11 10 4 4 5 5 _ - 25 18 4 14 73 7 66 37 9 28 36 11 25 6 7 6 _ 5 10 15 6 r“ 9 6 24 1 23 3 7 6 1 3 _ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - 5 1 10 2 _ - _ 7 7 4 4 4 9 8 15 lQ - 6 6 - 1 1 23 - 25 - - 5 5 23 _ _ 1 5 - 36 29 7 17 3 14 4 2 2 8 4 4 20 1 19 - 1 - - - - - . - _ _ - _ 2 2 9 8 6 5 15 7 16 10 11 9 2 2 35 _ 9 2 7 11 _ - - - - - 18 11 7 7 16 3 13 13 " _ 1 2 _ _ _ _ - 2 2 - - _ _ _ _ " - - 6 6 2 2 _ _ 32 17 15 4 ----------- p 3 22 8 14 2 1 4 - - - 3 _ . 1 _ _ _ _ _ . _ . - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - 4 3 3 3 _ _ - . W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) -----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------- S e e fo o tn o te a t en d o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x c lu d in g 50 50 50 50 - _ - - - c o m m u n ic a tio n , 35 8 26 26 13 13 15 6 5 5 - 1 _ _ > _ . - _ _ ~ 1 - - - - - - " - - _ - 9 6 3 5 3 2 3 2 1 10 5 5 1 ”1 5 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 13 1 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ ~ _ - 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - . _ - - - - - - - 21 4 17 60 1 59 160 24 136 18 60 21 39 3 32 10 22 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 12 10 2 2 17 8 37 11 26 13 31 13 18 8 65 20 45 8 27 20 7 7 6 1 2 1 1 13 - - - 78 35 43 90 24 40 20 6 - 7 4 3 - 3 3 17 18 1 17 7 *3 21 66 27 5 22 5 4 7 5 - 1 1 _ _ 26 88 - - - - - 26 - - - 88 8 4 _ _ _ 3 - - _ - - - _ _ - 3 - - - 23 _ _ _ - - 53 14 - 23 39 - - _ - - - - 6 36 36 95 40 55 3 29 _ _ _ 1 1 5 3 17 17 61.00 a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 5 - 10 10 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , r a ilr o a d s ), 11 11 4 - - 5 19 5 14 3 108 ------- T T ~ 93 P o r tla n d , O r e g . , A p r il 9 3 6 --------5 ~ : - - - - - - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ 13 - - - . - - - _ - - - - _ _ - - - 21 - 3 - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - _ _ - * * - 1956 U .S . D EPARTM EN T OF LABOR B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 6 Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) A verage S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3 0 .0 0 , 3 5 . 00 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 .0 0 and under 3 5. 00 5 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 4 0 . 0C 4 5 .0 0 5 0 . 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 $ $ , $ % 100 . 00 1 0 5 . 0 0 110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 110.00 11 5 . 0 0 120 . 00 $ $ 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 W o m e n - C o n tin u e d C le r k s , file , c la s s B --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 9 .5 40. 0 $ 4 8 .0 0 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------- ------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------- 245 49 196 27 39. 5 4 0 .0 4 7 .0 0 5 5 . 50 C l e r k s , o r d e r ----------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 105 25 80 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 9 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 5 8 . 00 M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 278 116 6 4 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 3 . 50 6 9 . 50 5 7 .0 0 61.00 6 - - 94 4 90 61 38 11 27 7 27 20 7 9 9 6 18 7 23 7 31 - 12 - - - - - 2 12 11 16 30 5 _ - _ - 3 - 5 - 34 99 3 - 5 - 12 21 2 17 5 52 28 24 - - 3 5 18 - 5 - 14 - 103 5 5 11 51 4 47 33 3 3 - P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 59 C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 496 127 369 107 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 6 1 .5 0 6 0 . 50 5 4 .5 0 D u p l ic a t i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( m i m e o g r a p h o r d it t o ) ---------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 40 33 4 0 .0 4b. 0 5 5 .0 0 5 3 . 00 “ K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * --------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 254 64 190 94 32 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 62.00 6 0 . 00 1 1 - - 6 2 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 5 2 . 50 1 1 - - 1 1 4 10 “ O f f ic e g i r l s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133 27 4 4 72 28 - 6 106 4 5 . 50 5 0 .5 0 4 4 .5 0 1 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 1 66 S e c r e t a r i e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 518 187 331 99 63 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 39. 5 4 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 _ - _ _ - - - - - 7 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l -----------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * -----------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 928 246 682 96 58 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 3 .0 0 6 3 . 50 6 3 .0 0 6 4 . 50 5 2 . 50 _ - _ - 11 50 14 36 113 25 - - S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 153 140 37 31 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 5 3 . 50 5 3 . 50 6 3 . 50 4 9 . 00 _ S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ----------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------- .-----------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 275 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 • 3 9 .5 40. 0 5 8 . 50 6 0 . 00 5 7 . 50 4 9 .0 0 111 164 36 2 2 2 - 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 162 14 -------- 7 — 15 46 3 6 _ - - - - 7 7 7 1 - 49 - 12 50 3 3 3 22 - 4 4 - - - 43 ? 1 1 15 7 - 36 8 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 8 6 21 1 59 38 15 19 8 1 46 13 12 12 6 6 7 4 7 4 3 3 - 4 - 15 3 54 60 4 - 12 37 14 23 - 22 II c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . H 5 . - - _ - - - - - - - - - - . - _ - _ - 2 2 _ - _ - _ - - - - - 1 _ _ - _ _ • -• _ - . - _ _ - - - - 1 - - - - 31 5 9 30 _ 2 2 26 7 28 _ _ _ - - - “ - _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - “ 5 - _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ _ - - - _ • _ _ _ _ . . - - - - 35 15 20 1 16 1 6 43 28 9 n 41 15 7 20 10 19 13 15 6 6 _ 5 - - - - - - - - - - - 13 6 _ - . _ - - . . 8 20 9 5 4 2 11 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 1 16 29 7 11 33 17 3 ~b 3 - 5 4 16 10 8 18 7 8 14 14 3 4 - 9 - 56 14 42 18 95 29 18 - 96 38 58 7 7 24 - 70 34 36 3 23 11 _ 4 4 3 3 1 1 219 6? 152 41 171 60 111 21 92 24 10 5 2 16 12 12 12 5 5 5 - 11 1 - 88 11 1 21 27 29 29 27 20 - - 25 1 - 1 6 11 12 171 3 1 ' 138 13 3 35 27 14 h l5 5 6 11 13 - 6 31 56 22 34 28 13 15 2 1 - 10 6 21 73 29 44 5 4 16 1 9 68 19 - 61 66 T 4 37 " 23 3 12 1 - 1 - - - 69 19 50 - 22 10 _ _ 18 - 10 - - _ - . _ . _ _ _ _ _ - . - - - - - - - - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ - * - - - - - - - - 32 17 15 19 18 15 1 - - _ - - - 13 - - 1 7 7 - - * S e e f o o t n o t e a t en d o f t a b l e . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , _ _ . - 3 3 21 84 - - 9 14 - - 10 ■ 5 - 93 30 63 7 10 63 33 30 3 3 - - 2 1 - - _ _ _ _ _ . 7 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average Sex, o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) $ 3 0 . 00 and under 3 5. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 $ $ $ 1 0 5 . 0 0 110.00 1 1 5 . 0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 60.00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 120.00 W o m e n - C o n tin u e d v T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 25 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 69.00 68.00 T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 5 8 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 5 6 . 50 - - - - - - T y p i s t s , c l a s s A ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 330 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 60.00 _ _ 6 4 .0 0 5 8 . 50 - 6 1 .0 0 - 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 1 .0 0 5 3 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 5 7 . 50 4 5 .0 0 6 11 - - 6 6 11 11 59 142 98 232 52 T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 570 156 414 90 P ublic utilities * ---------------------------------- ----------------R etail t r a d e -----------------------------------------------------------1 * 68 - _ 4 4 4 4 15 15 13 4 20 - 5 - - 5 20 - 9 - - - 80 13 67 - 1 63 35 128 15 17 8 2 1 2 5 5 4 4 3 3 - 17 * ~ 12 6 6 6 7 3 4 4 1 2 10 59 30 29 4 - - 75 36 26 43 . - - - - 15 12 - - - - 39 23 3 11 31 31 ■ ~ - “ 6 - - - - 5 5 28 51 13 38 64 23 41 23 6 22 53 4 49 15 84 13 71 13 85 41 44 166 45 121 18 21 " 6 3 2 5 2 2 _ 1 n ' " _ _ - - _ - - - - - 3 2 - - 2 _ 1 p_ _ _ - _ _ - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - - - - " _ " - _ • _ . - H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120 .00 125.00 130.00 135.00 and and under 60. 00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 1 15.00 120.00 i ? c iVnnV 130.00 JLliL-QD over Men Draftsm en, senior ---------------------------------------------------------Draftsm en, ju n io r -------------:---------------------------------------------- 26 40.0 $ 118. 00 “ ” “ 115 98 40.0 40. 0 97. 50 9 ?. 00 ■ ■ _ - 44 28 40.0 40. 0 79. 50 79."0"0 ■ “ 5 5 1 1 16 10 40 33 40.0 40. 0 73. 00 73. 00 1 10 10 4 3 6 4 8 8 _ - _ " * - 17 14 36 32 14 8 8 4 . - _ - 5 3 _ 4 4 2 1 1 1 - 19 1T~- ■■ 24 24 _ - 10 - 7 - 9 g . 3 - 2 ------ T 3 3 - _ - _ - - - - - - ' “ ■ - ~ 8 1 -------j— 1 - Women N urses, industrial (reg istered ) -;---— - - — - __ Manufacturing — ------——----------------------—-------------------- 1 “ _ _ “ H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , U .S . P o r tla n d , O r e g . , A p r il 1956 D EPARTM EN T O F LABOR B u r e a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s 8 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccu p ation and in d u stry d iv isio n C a rp e n te rs , m ain ten an ce — — M anufacturin g __ __ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g.... ...... _ P u blic u tilitie s * _ ........... — ____ _ .................. _ __ . _ E le c t r ic ia n s , m aintenance ............................ . M anufacturin g .... . N onm anufacturing _ 300 275 25 .......... .... E n g in e e rs , s ta tion a ry ----M anufacturin g _ _ _ _ _ _ N onm anufacturing _ _ . . 127 76 51 28 _ ~ Average hourly earnings U nder $ 1. 50 $ 2 .4 9 2 .4 i 2 .5 9 2 .4 2 2 .4 9 — 2 .7 3 *1. 50 and under . 60 1 - - _ - _ - - _ - * 1.60 ^ .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 *1.90 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2.00 - - - - _ " _ - _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 8 6 26 2.00 * 2.10 $ 2.10 2.20 11 2.20 *2.30 *2.40 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 * $ 2 .5 0 2.60 * 2.60 *2.70 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 ^.00 ^.10 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 - 1 1 - - - 33 1 1 10 10 10 8 18 14 4 4 23 9 14 14 15 15 - 22 1 1 1 12 54 53 118 117 33 33 - 3 3 - _ - 59 59 - 34 69 65 4 5 4 32 69 55 14 2 2 1 1 8 6 - 28 28 30 29 4 4 4 4 20 13 10 6 ------- j— - - - 23 9 3 1 - 9 ------- T ~ - 1 32 ------- T ~ ------ 14-1 4 18 14 4 10 — 53— " 7 7 - _ _ _ - - - - - 246 — P R -----51 2 .3 4 2 .3 4 2 .3 2 F ir e m e n , sta tion a ry b o ile r M anufacturin g 127 “ Tog 2 .6 5 - H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m ain ten an ce M anufacturin g .............. . 192 "1 6 9 1 .9 7 1 .9 6 _ _ - 20 20 14 14 46 46 63 52 3 - M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , to o lr o o m M an u factu rin g... _ ...... 47 47 2 .3 6 2 .3 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " - - - - - - M a ch in is ts , m aintenance M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________________ P u blic u tilitie s *_____________________________ 224 195 29 2 .4 4 2 .4 5 2 .3 2 . - _ - _ - _ - 2 2 - - _ - 22 12 10 M e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e (m a in te n a n c e )__________ M anufacturin g . . N onm anufacturing P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________ R etail t r a d e _________________________________ 546 114 432 323 2 .3 2 2 .2 9 2 .3 2 2 .3 3 2 .2 7 _ - _ - M e c h a n ic s , m ain ten an ce __ M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________________ 384 369 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 _ _ “ - M illw righ ts M anufacturing 185 185 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 _ _ " - - - - - - 90 89 1 .9 6 1 .9 5 2 _ - 2 10 10 - - 2 2 14 14 54 54 7 7 - - - - - - - - - P a in te r s , m aintenance M anufacturing . .. _ _ _ N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------- 87 61 2 .5 3 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ " 2 2 4 3 1 - 8 6 _ _ 2 13 ------ 13 5 _ _ 2 9 9 - 6 - 37 35 12 - 2 2 - " - * P ip e fit t e r s , m aintenance M anufacturing __ 80 _ _ _ _ - _ _ 6 62 _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 8 8 - - - - - - 21 _ 2 _ 3 _ . 10 10 . 5 5 5 5 O ile r s M anufacturing ..... ......... ... .. ___ .... _ 68 26 2.10 2. 56 2.60 _ 3 3 _ _ - 26 2 _ - - - _ - _ - _ - 10 10 - _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - 2 8 _ 14 14 14 11 23 21 12 12 45 ----- 33 3 12 99 32 67 348 55 293 252 _ _ - - - 14 14 7 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 81 81 - 24 24 - 12 8 2 2 _ _ - _ - - - 30 15 15 15 - 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 7 13 13 165 165 _ 1 _ _ - - 4 _ _ _ 2 _ _ Tool and die m a k e r s __ 20 20 2.66 2.66 _ _ _ . . . . _ _ _ _ - _ _ an d la te _ - - - h o lid a y s , _ - _ _ a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . _ - 63 65 " c o m m u n ic a tio n , _ - 146 139 - and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , _ 39 39 _ r a ilr o a d s ), - 33 29 _ p a y fo r o v e r tim e _ - 15 15 - (e x c lu d in g _ - 35 35 2 .4 6 T r a n s p o r ta tio n _ - 10 10 78 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m _ - 20 28 1 _ - 48 S h e e t -m e t a lw o r k e r s , m a in ten a n ce __ * _ - - 11 4 4 M anufacturin g _ _ 4 35 35 35 - 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 ___ 1 s h ifts . 3 3 D E P A R TM E N T O F - - 4 12 12 7 7 7 - _ - _ - - 2 30 30 - _ - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e U .S . 22 22 - 2 2 - - _ S u rvey, _ - - - _ _ _ 9 - - _ _ 11 _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ P o r tla n d , 4 O r e g ., _ A p r il 1956 LABOR B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 9 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 6 ) NUMBER OF WORKEES RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv is io n Average hourly earnings Under $ 1.00 E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( m e n ) __ ______ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______ ______________________ E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w om en ) R eta il tra d e . __ _ 25 2*5 $ 1 .3 2 1 .3 2 1 1 125 125 1 .15 1.1 5 10 1<T 68 _ _ 33 1 ,056 495“ 561 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m en ) _ _ M an u factu rin g .............. ......... N on m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilit ie s * _ R eta il tra d e .... . _ 102 204 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en ) N on m an u factu rin g P u b lic u t ilitie s *_ _ . 131 107 62 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling M an u factu rin g _ ............. ....... N onm an u factu rin g _ __ ____ ________ ____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________ R etail t r s d e .... . . O rd e r f il l e r s _ _ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g _________________ __________ _______ N on m an u factu rin g . _ R eta il trade .. . . . ....... . P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g . „ M a n u fa c t u r in g .. _ N on m an u factu rin g __ _ __ R e c e iv in g c le r k s _ M an u factu rin g _ N on m an u factu rin g R e ta il trad e _ _ .......... . ____ Shipping c le r k s _ M an u factu rin g N on m an u factu rin g __ ..... See * .... _ 910 179 731 175 __ . . . . _ .... . . ___ _ .......... ...... _ ..... ....... _______ r . _ .. ____ 1 ,0 9 4 ----- i l S 658 219 119 1.12 (e x c lu d in g and under 1.10 1.10 1.20 $ _ 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 i .m 1 .40 1 .5 0 6 6 9 9 9 9 9 16 1.20 2 2 44 44 23 37 37 36 1 .5 4 1 .6 9 1 .4 2 1.63 1 .3 8 1 .36 _ _ _ 4 4 1.43 10 10_ 59 15 44 16 $ ™ 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 8 8 _ _ _ _ 7 4 12 146 Io5 40 24 122 22 _ 11 91 16 5 5 --------- 5“ - 3 3 - “ _ 14 _ 14 13 1 .9 0 1 . 8$ 1.91 2 .0 4 1.63 * - 144 144 32 32 31 24 24 44 30 23 7 7 7 6 1 1 7 3 _ 3 3 15 4 20 _ _ 4 4 4 4 4 8 6 2 - 6 2 8 1.91 2.06 1 1 6 6 “ 77 77 4 64 178 41 137 11 11 53 33 - 11 11 1 1 144 92 22 60 3 - 2 2 2 1 17 22 22 2 139 122 17 6 8 63 45 18 32 28 28 331 72 259 29 - 212 1.81 1.7 3 1 .8 4 ■ ~ - 150 44 106 51 1.8 9 ~ T 7 ^>— 1 .83 1 .7 6 - 3 3 “ 3 3 - 1 1 1 . - 6 6 6 13 13 13 — 5-----3 3 - - - - - - - - 2 6 ----- 9------- 1 4 2 280 ------- 5 F ~ 144 -------5 ! 83 1 1 % 6 6 18 14 4 c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . S u rvey, P o r tla n d , O r e g ., ■ ~ 11 1 2 .0 5 2.10 2.02 _ A p r il 3 3 3 2.10 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 ~ ~ ~ _ " _ - _ . _ - _ * - - _ _ - 18 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ ~ - - 60 20 . . _ - . - 67 67 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ - ■ _ 21 6 15 6 35 * 35 160 42 118 118 _ 16 14 2 2 116 8 40 9 _ _ 24 _ 20 4 2 _ _ _ - “ ~ ~ ~ “ " 21 6 6 8 8 7 7 “ 1 1 _ ■ . - 58 6 3 3 18 7 62 6 _ _ 92 24 24 11 56 17 4 17 7 63 ------ 5----58 11 2 1 1 2 .3 0 $ - 152 152 47 5 4 2.20 _ 6 225 35 190 11 2.20 $ . 272 "T S 9 83 77 564 ” 45-----518 89 _ 7 4 4 2.00 $2.10 ~ _ 70 54 1 $ 1 .9 0 2.00 _ _ 1 1 $ ~ 1.8 7 1 .90 O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e r a ilr o a d s ), $ 1 .9 2 fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . T r a n s p o r ta tio n _ 1.00 $ 13 ■ 20 20 ■ 12 2 10 " 4 ------ ------ — 3------- ----- ------ 4 - 1956 U .S . D EPARTM EN T OF LABOR B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in P o r t l a n d , O r e g . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , A p r i l 195 6) NUMBER OF WORKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccu p ation and in d u stry d iv isio n Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k s _ ____ R etail trade __ __ ______________________ ____ T r u c k d r iv e r s 3 ____________________________________ N onm anufacturing P u blic u tilitie s * ___ T r u c k d r iv e r s , __ __ _______ ________ __ ___ ligh t (under l 1/* to n s )________ N onm anufacturing Average hourly earnings 189 --------7 T ~ 116 45 $ 2. 03 2. 05 2 .0 3 1 .9 5 2 ,5 3 4 6o9 1 ,9 2 5 1 ,2 9 6 285 2 .1 0 2 .1 4 2 .0 9 2 .0 5 2 .1 3 76 43 33 1 .9 2 "1 7 8 5 “ ' 1 .9 7 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m ed iu m (lV z to and 1 ,4 1 0 2 .0 5 including 4 t o n s ) ----- ------------------------------Mann far tillin g ____ . . . — w z r ■ 2"."09' " N onm anufacturing 2 .0 5 1, 158 P u b lic u tilitie s * ____ . _ ................ 887 2 .0 4 R etail trade ... 134 2 .0 9 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 to n s , t r a ile r type) _ _TT_ ...... _ M anufacturin g _ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ P u b lic u tilitie s *_________________________ 672 243 429 185 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (o v e r 4 to n s , other than t r a ile r t y p e ) _________ _______ M anufacturin g _ ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ P u b lic u tilitie s * . 370 65 305 208 T r u c k e r s , p ow er ( f o r k l i f t ) ______________________ M anufacturin g _______ ___ N onm anufacturing _____ __ ________ _ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (oth er than fo r k lift) M anufacturin g W atchm en _ .......... M anufacturin g __ N onm anufacturing R etail trade _ ________ _ __ _______ 375 262” 113 U nder $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 and under 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .5 0 $ 1 .7 0 _ _ 4 4 _ - 14 10 4 “ . _ _ 10 _ 10 _ 14 ll 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ 117 67 30 6 24 114 39 75 _ 36 36 _ _ 7 7 _ 2 1 1 16 14 9 4 5 33 14 19 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 40 12 1 ,0 5 4 124 930 810 59 141 33 108 4 75 21 15 6 5 _ _ _ _ _ 58 34 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 10 36 36 374 80 294 143 19 17 2 ~ 115 65 30 6 36 5 31 “ 36 _ 36 ~ 16 16 “ 7 7 2 2 20 - 4 4 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 _ 10 4 4 _ * _ - _ “ _ - _ " _ - _ • _ - 3 _ 3 3 _ " _ - _ - ~ ■ 2 .1 1 - 2 .0 9 2 .0 6 - - - . 1 .9 9 1 .9 8 2 .01 _ _ _ _ - _ i§ 14 14 . - - - - " - - - 2 .1 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 45 45 . 22 20 60 40 2 20 2 279 - - 1 .6 5 _ 7 6 ------ 2T5 1755 - - 10 8 63 1.5 3 1.3 3 - 7 6 12 12 - 2 60 43 17 17 7 n 5 6 2 .7 0 54 46 8 5 2 _ - 2 .6 0 654 153 501 195 191 _ - $ 2 .6^0 1 ,3 2 7 158 1 ,1 6 9 1 ,0 1 1 64 _ - 2 .5 0 117 44 73 73 „ _ _ _ - $ 57 41 16 3 _ 4 2 .2 2 2723 2 .2 0 2 .1 1 2.16 2 .4 0 “ 4 4 15 $ 9 9 “ . - 2 .3 0 16 15 1 “ _ - $ _ _ _ * _ _ - 2 .2 0 37 14 23 12 " - $ 29 18 11 “ _ _ 2.18 2 .1 0 75 12 63 28 ■ ~ $ 2.10 ~ _ 2.00 2 .4 0 ■ “ $ 2 .3 0 5 5 6 6 „ 1 .9 0 2 .2 0 _ _ $ 2 .0 0 _ 6 6 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 _ _ % 1 .8 0 _ _ ■_ _ , 1.60 1.70 1 .6 0 5 $ _ 46 46 26 $ _ 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s . 2 D ata l i m i t e d t o m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d . 3 I n c lu d e s a ll d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e a r 1 t y p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . $ _ _ _ - “ 4 70 2 68 68 30 — TO— “ - 3 _ 3 3 3 2 1 1 218 20 198 161 106 26 80 40 45 40 5 88 15 73 179 155 24 12 12 22 22 6 6 _ - 34 34 9 9 _ - _ 16 n 5 2 .5 0 _ _ _ " 24 24 8 ----- g------ 20 6 6 " 18 18 _ _ - - - - 3 - _ _ _ _ 3 - - - - - - - . 11 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P ercent o f manufacturing plant w ork ers— (a) In establishm ents having form al provisions fo r — Shift differential Second shift work Third or other shift work (b) A ctually working on— Second shift Third or other shift 90.0 84.6 16.9 8 .4 83.9 8 4.6 15.3 8 .4 _________ 56.0 4 6.0 11.6 6 .4 3 cents ____ ____ .. _ _____ __ _ ________ 4 cents __ __________ ____ __ ____ ____ ____ __ __ ___ . 5 cents _ 6 cents ... ... _______ ______________________ ___________ 7 cents ____ _ ______ __ ______ __ 7 l/z c e n t s __________________ __________________________ 8 cents _ __ _______ . . __ ____ _ __ 9 cents ____ __ __ __ __ _____________ _____ 10 cents ___ .... _ __ __ Over 10 and under 15 cents __________________________ 15 c e n t s _________________________________________ ____ 20 cents _ ___ _ ____ ____ 2 .5 1.5 6 .7 6 .4 14.8 4 .4 .5 13.1 2 .9 3.2 - _ .9 1.5 15.3 3.8 .3 6 .9 2 .6 .7 13.9 .1 3.5 2 .6 .9 .1 3 .5 1.9 .7 .9 .1 1.1 5.2 .1 1.0 With shift pay differential __________________________________ Uniform cents (per h o u r). ___ Uniform percentage _____ 10 percent 15 percent _________ ____ _ __ ______ __ _______ _______ __ __ ___ __ _ ____ _ _____ __________ _____ .5 .3 1.6 3 .4 1.2 .1 2 .6 1.0 .9 .2 .3 2 .5 .4 .1 1.2 .1 .1 1.5 ' " Full dayrs pay for reduced h o u r s _______________________ Full day*s pay for reduced hours plus cents differential _ _ __ __ __ ___ ___ Other __ _____ _ __________ 20.7 23.6 2 .1 .6 _______ __________ __ 2 .6 7 .2 .6 .3 ____ .. ___ __ __ 6.1 No shift pay d iffe re n tia l_____________ 1.6 1 Shift differential data are presented in term s o f (a) establishment p olicy, and (b) w orkers actually em ployed on late shifts at the time of the survey. An establishm ent was con sidered as having a p olicy if it met either o f the following con ditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the tim e o f the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , P o r tla n d , U .S . O r e g ., D EP AR TM E N T A p r il O F B u reau o f L a b o r 1956 LABO R S ta tis tic s 12 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 Number of establishm ents with specified minimum hiring rate in— Manufacturing Minimum rate (weekly salary) Establishments studied _ __ _______ ____ ____ _ Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly h o u rs 2 of-— A ll 145 Number o f establishm ents with specified m inimum hiring rate in---- A ll schedules 40 62 XXX A il schedules 83 40 145 FOR INEXPERIENCED TYPISTS Establishments having a specified m in im u m ______ $32.50 $35.00 $37.50 $40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 $50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $6 0 .0 0 $62.50 $65.00 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under $35 .00 $37.50 $40 .00 $42.50 $45.00 $47 .50 $50.00 $52 .50 $55..00 $ 57.50 $ 60.00 $ 62.50 $65 .00 $67.50 ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _____ ..... . .... ______________________ ...... . . .... ______ _ . ______________________ _ . ._ __ . _ 61 22 22 1 2 1 _ - _ 9 1 1 12 8 2 6 6 10 4 4 _ 3 4 4 4 - 2 3 1 6 1 6 3 5 4 _ - A il schedules 40 A ll schedules 40 62 XXX 83 XXX FOR OTHER INEXPERIENCED CLERICAL WORKERS 39 33 64 1 2 1 8 8 1 2 1 1 2 1 11 7 5 3 2 2 5 4 _ - 13 9 3 22 22 - _ - - - - 6 6 4 42 36 1 2 1 11 2 1 7 5 3 9 4 4 3 7 4 - 4 _ 4 - 8 6 6 2 1 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - 6 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Establishments having no specified minimum ____ 49 23 XXX 26 XXX 45 19 XXX 26 XXX Establishments which did not em ploy w orkers in this category _ _______ __ __ _____________ 34 17 XXX 17 XXX 35 21 XXX 14 XXX Data not a v a ila b le __________________________________ 1 XXX 1 XXX 1 XXX 1 XXX - _ 2 7 1 2 1 1 _ 2 2 _ 1 _ - _ 1 2 _ - Based on standard weekly h o u rs 2 o f— A ll industries XXX Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing _ - Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced w orkers fo r typing or other cle rica l jo b s. Hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straight-tim e s ala ries. Data are presented for all workweeks com bined, and fo r the m ost com m on _ _ workweek reported. Occupational Wage Survey, P ortland, O r e g ., A p ril 1956 U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau o f Labor Statistics 13 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours -----------------------------------1--------j----------------------------------------------------------- R----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PERCENT OP OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— W e e k ly h o u r s A ll w o r k e r s __ ___ __ __ All industries __ __ __ ______ U n d e r 3 7 V2 h o u r s ___ _____ — __ — __________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s __ _____________ __ __ __ __ ___ O v e r 3 7 V2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ___________________ 4 0 h o u r s ___ ________________________________________ _ O v e r 4 0 h o u r s _ . __ __ __ _________________ — Manufacturing Public utilities * Retail trade 100 100 100 100 8 6 t 4 t 84 97 t t 3 94 3 - 96 | Finance PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— All , industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities* 100 100 100 3 6 t t t - ' 91 93 3 Retail trade 100 - - - t 100 t 94 4 Data relate to wom en w ork ers only. Includes data for w holesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Includes data for wholesale trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately, t L ess than 2 .5 p ercen t. * Transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), com m unication, and other public utilities. 1 Table W: Paid Holidays1*3 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Item A ll w orkers _ W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays .... . L ess than 6 h o lid a y s ________________________ 6 holidays . . . . . . . . . 7 holidays _ 8 holidays Full days only Plus 1 half day 9 holidays 1 0 holidays W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ .... ... .. _ . .. All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance All industries Manufacturing Public utilities* Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 99 98 89 89 88 92 33 34 88 t _ _ 98 t t 31 41 27 27 _ - _ _ t 49 36 64 32 10 6 4 4 t t _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ t 3 55 28 4 4 4 + 47 39 t f _ _ _ 11 11 100 21 21' 12 8 1 Estim ates relate to full-d ay holidays provided annually, as in ea rlier studies. These are further divided between w orkers who re ceiv e m erely the indicated number o f full-day holidays, and those who re ce iv e 1 or m ore half holidays in addition. Includes data for w holesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Includes data for wholesale trad e, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. ■f L ess than 2 .5 percen t. * Transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), com m unication, and other public utilities. Occupational Wage Survey, Portland, O r e g ., A pril 1956 U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 14. Table B-5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Vacation policy A ll w orkers All . industries1 Manufacturing Public * utilities * Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance All 2 industries Manufacturing Public . utilities * Retail trade -------- 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations ____________ ____________________ L ength -of-tim e payment ____________________ Percentage payment _____________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 7 100 100 ~ 96 4 100 100 - 81 t 60 - 64 9 - 36 19 - 13 r 87 t 7 4 81 9 ■ 16 t 79 4 12 - 49 15 34 - ------------------- -------------------------------- METHOD OF PAYMENT - ~ “ AMOUNT OF VACATION PAY A fter 1 year of service Less than 1 week ___________________________ l week ______________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks __________________ 2 weeks _________________________________________________ 3 weeks _________________________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks ______________ _________ t 35 62 t t _ t 25 - - 4 - 84 t t ~ _ _ 64 94 - - 3 ~ 36 " 6 - 56 26 26 16 74 " 36 64 - 8 ■ After 2 years of service 1 week __ __________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _______________ _ 2 weeks __ __ _____________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ________________ 3 weeks _____________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------ ------------- 11 4 82 t t t 88 - t “ ' - 12 20 3 A fter 3 yea rs o f service week ______________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ---------------------------2 weeks _____________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks __________________ 3 weeks ________________________________ ________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks -------- --------------------------1 t t 95 t t t t 5 85 t 100 9 - 96 4 91 96 100 4 - - - 67 18 34 45 “ ~ t 3 t 97 t t t 95 t ~ - 100 100 “ " “ A fter 5 years of serv ice week ___________________________________________________ weeks __________________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------------------3 weeks __________________________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _________________________ 1 2 96 T - t 9 f See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding railroa ds), com m unication, and other public utilities. 3 100 100 * Occupational Wage Survey, Portland, O r e g ., A p ril 1956 U .S . DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of L abor Statistics NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allow ances by years of se rvice , payments other than "length of tim e, such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent tim e basis; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week s p a y . 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued1 2 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Vacation p olicy A ll w orkers ___________________________________ PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— All i industries Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 100 83 83 17 66 30 4 93 7 89 t t 89 10 9 Public utilities * Retail trade Finance All industries , Manufacturing Public ^ utilities * Retail trade 100 100 AMOUNT OF VACATION PAY - Continued A fter 10 yea rs o f serv ice 1 week __ ... 2 w eeks ________________________ 1____________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ___________________ 3 weeks ______________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks -------------------------- t 15 t t t 71 - 29 94 6 • A fter 15 yea rs of service 1 week ________________________________<._______ 2 weeks ______________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ___________________ 3 weeks ______________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks ___________________ _ 33 f 65 t _ 41 3 56 _ 16 80 4 _ 54 46 t t 52 46 t _ 25 75 _ 71 29 t _ 25 67 71 29 8 - 51 3 46 A fter 20 yea rs of serv ice 1 week _______________________________________ 2 weeks __ ___________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ___________________ 3 weeks ______________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks ___________________ 4 weeks and over ____________________________ 24 t 70 t . 32 3 63 - 4 t 24 - 30 . 16 73 4 7 _ 54 46 - t 47 t N50 - 43 3 54 - t A fter 25 yea rs of serv ice 1 week ------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ___________________ 3 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ___________________ 4 weeks and over -------------------------------------------- _ 59 t 17 63 7 _ 16 73 4 7 _ 54 17 29 1 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . •f * L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x c lu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . t 46 t t 40 t 46 56 6 t ■ sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly . _ 25 67 _ 71 14 8 16 • 16 Table B4>: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Type of plan A ll w orkers _________________________________ All . industries 100 Manufacturing Public ^ utilities * 100 100 Retail trade 100 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance All 2 industries 100 Manufacturing Public . utilitiesv Retail trade 100 100 100 38 W orkers in establishm ents providing: Life insurance ____________________________ Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ___ __ _______________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or b oth 3 ______________________ Sickness and accident insurance _______ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) _______________________________ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting p eriod ) _____________________________ H ospitalization insurance ---------- --------------Surgical insurance _______________________ M edical insurance _______________________ Catastrophe insurance __________________ Retirement pension ______________________ No health, insurance, or pension plan ------- 85 86 83 35 70 83 71 41 56 7 29 45 57 8 32 70 45 75 50 96 41 30 16 71 61 72 71 100 51 42 30 38 47 56 11 6 t 17 10 8 76 76 69 9 74 6 84 83 74 4 60 10 17 51 51 38 4 80 9 47 47 44 9 23 32 9 78 78 71 3 49 12 t 88 68 81 44 12 45 55 55 45 96 12 62 62 52 14 30 18 Includes data for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Includes data for wholesale trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Occupational Wage Survey, P ortland, O reg. A p ril 1956 U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR L ea8 than 2. 5 percent. Bureau of Labor Statistics Transportation (excluding railroads), com m unication, and other public utilities. 17 Appendix: Job Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o se o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age su rv ey s is to a s s i s t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g into a p p r o p r ia te o ccu p a tio n s w o r k e r s w ho a re e m p loy ed under a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w o r k a rra n g e m e n ts fr o m e sta b lish m e n t to esta b lish m en t and fr o m a r e a to a r e a . This is e s s e n tia l in o r d e r to p e r m it the g rou p in g o f occu p a tio n a l w age ra te s r e p re s e n tin g co m p a r a b le jo b con ten t. B e c a u s e o f this em p h a sis on in te re sta b lis h m e n t and in te r a r e a co m p a r a b ility of o ccu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip t io n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ifi ca n tly fr o m th ose in u se in in d ivid u al e sta b lish m e n ts o r th ose p r e p a r e d fo r oth er p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g th ese jo b d e s c r ip t io n s , the B u re a u 's fie ld r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s a r e in stru cte d to exclu d e w o r k ing s u p e r v is o r s , a p p r e n tic e s , le a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , tr a in e e s , h andicapped w o r k e r s , p a r t -t im e , te m p o r a r y , and p ro b a tio n a ry w o r k e r s . O f f ic e B IL L E R , M ACH IN E P r e p a r e s sta te m e n ts , b ills , and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e o th e r than an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic ty p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o k eep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r sh ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r fo r m oth er c le r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , b il l e r s , m a ch in e , a r e c la s s ifi e d b y typ e o f m a ch in e , as fo llo w s : B ill e r , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e) - U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (M oon H op k in s, E llio tt F is h e r , B u rro u g h s, e t c . , w h ich a r e co m b in a tio n typin g and adding m a ch in e s ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a s e o r d e r s , in te rn a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , sh ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e tc . U su ally in v o lv e s a p p lica tio n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d isco u n ts and shipping ch a rg e s and en try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be com p u ted on the b illin g m a ch in e , and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la te d b y m a c h in e . T he o p e r a tio n u su a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b ill b ein g p r e p a r e d and is often done on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e . B ill e r , m a ch in e (b ook k eep in g m a c h in e ) - U ses a b ook k eep in g m a ch in e (S u n dstrand, E llio tt F is h e r , R em ington Rand, e tc . , w h ich m a y o r m a y not h ave ty p e w r ite r k ey b oa rd ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as p a rt o f the a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e ra tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u lta n e o u s en try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r record . The m a ch in e a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la te s fig u r e s on a n u m b er o f v e r t ic a l co lu m n s and com p u tes and u su a lly p rin ts a u to m a t ic a lly the d eb it o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D oes not in v o lv e a k n o w l ed ge o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o rk s fr o m u n iform and stan dard typ es o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p era tes a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (R em ington Rand, E llio tt F is h e r , Su ndstran d, B u r r o u g h s , N ational C ash R e g is te r , w ith o r w ith out a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a r d ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u sin ess tr a n s a c tio n s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R - C ontinued C la ss A - K eep s a set o f r e c o r d s re q u irin g a kn ow ledge o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic book k eep in g p r in c ip le s and fa m ilia r ity with the str u c tu r e o f the p a r tic u la r accou n tin g sy ste m u sed . D eter m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d istrib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it item s to be u se d in e a ch ph ase o f the w o rk . M ay p r e p a r e co n so lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n ce s h e e ts , and oth er r e c o r d s by hand. C la ss B - K eeps a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h ases o r se ctio n s o f a se t o f r e c o r d s u su a lly re q u irin g little k n ow led ge o f b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g . P h a se s o r se c tio n s in clu d e a ccou n ts p a y a b le, p a y r o ll, c u s to m e r s ' a cco u n ts (not in clu d in g a sim p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under b il le r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d istrib u tio n , ex p en se d istrib u tio n , in v e n to r y c o n tr o l, e t c . M ay ch e ck o r a s s is t in p re p a ra tio n o f tria l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l sh eets fo r the a ccou n tin g d ep artm en t. CLERK, ACCOU N TIN G C la ss A - U nder g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t ant, has r e s p o n s ib ilit y fo r k eep in g one o r m o r e s e ctio n s o f a c o m p le te set o f book s o r r e c o r d s rela tin g to one p h ase o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t's b u sin e ss tr a n s a c tio n s . W ork in v o lv e s p ostin g and balan cin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r o r le d g e r s su ch as a ccou n ts r e c e iv a b le o r a c cou nts p a y a b le; exa m in in g and cod in g in v o ic e s o r v o u ch e rs with p r o p e r a cco u n tin g d istrib u tio n ; r e q u ir e s ju d gm en t and e x p e rie n ce in m ak in g p r o p e r a ssig n a tio n s and a llo c a tio n s . M ay a s s is t in p r e p a r in g , a d ju stin g , and c lo s in g jo u rn a l e n tr ie s ; m ay d ir e c t c la s s B a cco u n tin g c le r k s . C la ss B - Under s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e routine a cco u n tin g o p e ra tio n s su ch as p ostin g sim p le jou rn a l v o u c h e r s , a cco u n ts p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , en terin g v o u ch e rs in v o u ch e r r e g is t e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a cc o u n ts; p ostin g su b s id ia r y le d g e r s co n tro lle d b y g e n e r a l le d g e r s . This jo b d oes not r e q u ir e a know ledge of a cco u n tin g and b ook k eep in g p r in c ip le s but is found in o ffic e s in w h ich the m o r e rou tin e accou n tin g w o r k is su bd ivid ed on a fu n c tion a l b a s is am on g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . 18 CLERK, F IL E C la ss A - R e s p o n s ib le fo r m ain tain in g an e sta b lish e d filin g s y s te m . C la s s ifie s and in d ex es c o r r e s p o n d e n c e o r o th e r m a t e r ia l; m ay a ls o file this m a t e r ia l. M ay keep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s typ es in co n ju n ctio n w ith file s o r s u p e r v is e o th e rs in filin g and lo c a tin g m a t e r ia l in the f i le s . M ay p e r fo r m in cid e n ta l c l e r i c a l d u tie s. C la ss B - P e r fo r m s rou tin e filin g , u su a lly o f m a t e r ia l that has a lr e a d y been c la s s ifie d , o r lo c a t e s o r a s s is t s in lo c a tin g m a te r ia l in the f i le s . M ay p e r fo r m in cid e n ta l c l e r i c a l d u tie s. CLERK , ORDER R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s 1 o r d e r s fo r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e by m a il, p h on e, o r p e r s o n a lly . D uties in v o lv e any c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : Q uoting p r ic e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m ak in g out an o r d e r sh eet listin g the item s to m a k e up the o r d e r ; ch e ck in g p r ic e s and q u antities o f item s on o r d e r sh eet; d istrib u tin g o r d e r sh e e ts to r e s p e c t iv e d e p artm en ts to be fille d . M ay c h e c k w ith c r e d it d ep a rtm en t to d e t e r m in e c r e d it rating o f c u s to m e r , a ck n o w le d g e r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s fr o m c u s t o m e r s , fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e that they have been fille d , k eep file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and c h e c k shipping in v o ic e s w ith o r ig in a l ord ers. CLERK , K E Y -P U N C H O P E R A T O R Under g e n e ra l s u p e r v is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s i b ilit ie s , r e c o r d s accou n tin g and s t a t is t ic a l data on tabu latin g c a r d s by punching a s e r ie s o f h o le s in the c a r d s in a s p e c ifie d s e q u e n c e , u sin g an a lp h a b etica l o r a n u m e r ic a l k e y -p u n ch m a c h in e , fo llo w in g w ritte n in fo rm a tio n on r e c o r d s . M ay d u p lica te c a r d s by u sin g the d u plica tin g d e v ic e a ttached to m a c h in e . K eep s file s o f punch c a r d s . M ay v e r ify own w o rk o r w o r k o f o t h e r s . O F F IC E BOY OR G IRL P e r fo r m s v a rio u s rou tin e d u ties su ch as running e r r a n d s , o p e ra tin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in e s su ch as s e a le r s o r m a i le r s , op en in g and d istrib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk . SECRETARY P e r fo r m s s e c r e t a r ia l and c l e r i c a l d u ties fo r a s u p e r io r in an a d m in istra tiv e o r e x e cu tiv e p o s it io n . D u ties in clu d e m a k in g a p p o in t m en ts fo r s u p e r io r ; r e c e iv in g p e o p le c o m in g into o f f ic e ; a n sw e rin g and m aking phone c a lls ; handling p e r s o n a l and im p orta n t o r c o n f i d en tia l m a il, and w ritin g rou tin e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e on own in itia tiv e ; taking d icta tio n (w here tr a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e is not u se d ) e ith e r in shorthand o r by sten otyp e o r s im ila r m a ch in e , and t r a n s c r ib in g d ic t a tion o r the r e c o r d e d in fo rm a tio n r e p r o d u c e d on a tr a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e . M ay p r e p a r e s p e c ia l r e p o r ts o r m e m o ra n d a fo r in fo rm a tio n o f s u p e r io r . PAYROLL ST E N O G R A P H E R , G E N E R A L C om putes w a g es o f co m p a n y e m p lo y e e s and e n te rs the n e c e s s a ry data on the p a y r o ll sh e e ts . D uties in v o lv e : C a lcu la tin g w o r k e r s ’ earn in gs b a sed on tim e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; p o stin g c a lc u la te d data on p a y r o ll sh eet, show ing in fo rm a tio n su ch as w o r k e r 's n a m e, w ork in g d ays, tim e , ra te, d ed u ction s fo r in s u r a n c e , and tota l w a ges du e. M ay m ake out p a y ch e ck s and a s s is t p a y m a s te r in m akin g up and d i s tributin g p ay e n v e lo p e s . M ay u se a c a lc u la tin g m a c h in e . P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tio n fr o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e ith e r in shorthand o r by sten oty p e o r s im ila r m a ch in e , in v olv in g a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y , and to tr a n s c r ib e this d icta tio n on a ty p e w r it e r . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritte n c o p y . M ay a ls o s e t up and keep file s in o r d e r , k eep sim p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D o e s not in clu d e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o rk (se e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ). COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR ST E N O G R A P H E R , P r im a r y duty is to o p e r a te a C o m p to m e te r to p e r fo r m m a th e m a tic a l co m p u ta tio n s. This jo b is not to be c o n fu se d w ith that of sta tis tic a l o r oth er type o f c le r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e fre q u e n t u se o f a C o m p to m e te r but, in w h ich , u se o f this m a ch in e is in cid e n ta l to p e r fo r m a n c e o f oth er d u tie s . P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tio n fr o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e ith e r in shorthand o r by sten oty p e o r s im ila r m a ch in e , in v olv in g a v a r ie d te ch n ica l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch as in le g a l b r ie f s o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h and to t r a n s c r ib e this d icta tio n on a ty p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritte n c o p y . M ay a ls o s e t up and k eep file s in o r d e r , keep sim p le r e c o r d s , e tc . D o e s not in clu d e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o r k . T E C H N IC A L D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H OR D IT T O ) SW ITCH BOARD O P E R A T O R U nder g e n e ra l s u p e r v is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s , r e p r o d u c e s m u ltip le c o p ie s o f ty p e w ritte n o r handw ritten m a tte r, u sin g a m im e o g r a p h o r ditto m a c h in e . M akes n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm ent su ch as fo r ink and p a p e r fe e d co u n te r and c y lin d e r sp e e d . Is not r e q u ire d to p r e p a r e s te n c il o r ditto m a s t e r . M ay keep file o f used s te n c ils o r ditto m a s t e r s . M ay s o r t , c o lla t e , and sta p le c o m p leted m a t e r ia l. O perates a s in g le - o r m u lt ip le -p o s it io n telep h on e s w itch b o a rd . D uties in v olv e handling in c o m in g , o u tg oin g , and in trap lan t o r o ff ic e c a ll s . M ay r e c o r d to ll c a lls and take m e s s a g e s . M ay g iv e i n f o r m a tio n to p e r s o n s w ho c a ll in, o r o c c a s io n a lly take telep h on e o r d e r s . F o r w o r k e r s who a ls o a c t a s r e c e p t io n is t s s e e s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p tio n is t. 19 SWITCHBOARD OPERATO R-RECEPTION IST tion type This tim e TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued In addition to p erform in g duties of operator, on a single p o s i o r m on itor-ty p e sw itchboard, acts as recep tion ist and may a lso or p e rfo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork as part of regu lar duties. typing or c le r ic a l w ork m ay take the m a jor part of this w o r k e r ’ s while at sw itch board. TABULATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR Operates m achine that autom atically analyzes and translates inform ation punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tra n s lated data on fo rm s or accounting re c o rd s ; sets or adjusts m achine; does sim ple w irin g of plugboards a ccord in g to established p ra ctice or d iagram s; p la ces ca rd s to be tabulated in feed m agazine and starts m ach ine. May file ca rd s a fter they are tabulated. M ay, in addition, operate a u xilia ry m a ch in es. included. A w ork er who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r m achine is cla ssifie d as a stenographer, general. TYPIST U ses a typew riter to mabae cop ies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calculations have been made by another p erson . May do c le r ic a l w ork involving little specia l training, such as keep ing sim ple r e c o r d s , filin g re co rd s and rep orts or sorting and d is tributing incom ing m a il. * C lass A - P e r fo r m s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing m a terial in final form from ve ry rough and involved draft; co p y ing from plain o r c o r re c te d copy in which there is a frequent and varied use o f technical and unusual w ords or from fo re ig n language copy; com bining m a terial from severa l so u rce s, or planning layout of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uni fo rm ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final fo rm . May type routine form le tte rs, varying details to suit circu m sta n ce s. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL P r im a r y duty is to tran scrib e dictation involving a n orm al routine vocab u la ry from tran scrib in g m achine r e c o r d s . May a lso type fro m w ritten cop y and do sim ple c le r ic a l work. W orkers tran scrib in g dictation involving a varied technical or sp e cia lize d vocabu la ry such as legal b riefs or reports on scien tific re s e a rch a re not Professional DRAFTSM AN, JUNIOR (A ssistant draftsm an) Draws to s ca le units or parts of drawings prepared by d ra fts man or others fo r en gineering, construction, or m anufacturing p u r p oses. Uses variou s types of drafting tools as requ ired. May p r e p are drawings from sim p le plans or sketches, or p erform other duties under d irection of a draftsm an. DRAFTSM AN, LEADER Plans and d ire cts a ctivities of one or m ore draftsm en in p rep aration of w orking plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim in ary sketches fo r engineering, con struction, o r m anufacturing p u rp o se s. Duties involve a com bination of the follow in g: Interpreting b lu eprints, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal ord ers; determ ining w ork p ro ce d u re s ; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their w ork; p e rfo rm in g m ore d ifficu lt p ro b le m s . May a ss is t subordinates during C lass B - P e r fo r m s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing from rela tiv e ly cle a r or typed drafts; routine typing of fo rm s, insurance p o lic ie s , e t c .; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m o re com p lex tables already set up and spaced p rop erly. and Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued em ergen cies or as a regular assignm ent, o r p e rfo rm related duties of a su p e rv iso ry o r adm inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR P re p a re s working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough o r detailed sketches fo r engineering, construction, or manu facturing p u rp oses. Duties involve a com bination of the follow in g: P reparin g w orking plans, detail drawings, m aps, c r o s s -s e c tio n s , etc. , to s ca le by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com puta tions such as those involved in strength of m a te ria ls, beams and tru sse s; verifyin g com pleted w ork, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing sp ecifica tion s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or sp e cifica tio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, p rep are detail units of com plete drawings, or tra ce draw ings. W ork is frequently in a sp ecia lized field such as a rch itectu ral, e le c tr ic a l, m ech a n ical, or structural drafting. 20 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A reg istered nurse who gives nursing s e rv ice to ill or injured em ployees or other p erson s who b ecom e ill or suffer an accident on the p re m ises of a fa ctory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the follow in g: Giving fir s t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressin g of e m p lo y e e s 1 in ju ries; keeping re co rd s of patients treated; preparing accident rep orts fo r com pensation or other p u rp oses; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em p loyees; and planning and ca rryin g out p rogram s involving health education, accident preven tion , evaluation of plant environm ent, or other a ctivities safety of all person nel. Maintenance affecting the health, w e lfa re , and TRACER Copies plans and drawings p re p a re d by o th e rs, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracin g with pen or p e n cil. U ses T -sq u a re , com p a ss, and other drafting to o ls . May p rep are sim ple drawings and do sim ple letter and Powerplant CARPEN TER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY P e r fo r m s the carpen try duties n ece s s a ry to con struct and maintain in good repair building w oodw ork and equipment such as bin s, c r ib s , cou n ters, ben ch es, p artition s, d o o rs , flo o r s , s ta irs, ca sin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from blu eprints, draw ings, m o d e ls , or verbal instru ction s; using a va riety of c a rp e n te r’s handtools, portable power to o ls , and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of w ork; selecting m aterials n e ce s s a ry for the w ork. In gen eral, the w ork of the maintenance carpenter requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and exp erien ce. Operates and maintains and m ay a lso su pervise the operation o f stationary engines and equipment (m ech anical or e le c tr ic a l) to sup ply the establishm ent in which em ployed with p o w e r, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air conditioning. W ork in volves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam en gin es, a ir c d m p r e s s o r s , g e n e ra to rs, m o to r s , turbines, ventilating and re frig e ra tin g equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pumps; making equipment re p a irs; keeping a r e c o r d of operation of m ach in ery, tem p era tu re, and fuel con su m p tion. May a lso supervise these op era tion s. Head or ch ie f engin eers in establishm ents employing m o re than one engineer are exclu ded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE P e rfo rm s a variety o f e le c tr ic a l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, or rep air of equipment fo r the generating, distribution, or utilization of e le c tr ic energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow in g: Installing or repairing any of a variety of e le ctr ic a l equipment such as g en e ra to rs, tr a n s fo r m e rs , sw itch boards, co n tr o lle r s , circu it b re a k e r s, m o to r s , heating units, conduit sy stem s, or other tran sm ission equipment; working from b lu e p rin ts, draw ings, layout, or other sp ecifica tio n s; locating and diag nosing trouble in the e le ctr ic a l system or equipment; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or e le c tr ic a l equipment; using a variety of e le c t r ic ia n ’s handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In gen eral, the w ork o f the maintenance e le ctricia n req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually a c quired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER F ires stationary b o ile rs to furnish the establishm ent in which em ployed with heat, pow er, or steam . Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical sto k e r, ga s, o r oil burn er; checks water and safety valves. May clea n , o il, o r a ss is t in repairin g b o ile r room equipment. H ELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or m o re w o rk e rs in the skilled m aintenance tra d e s, by perform ing sp e cific or gen eral duties o f le s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m a teria ls and to o ls; cleaning w o rk ing a rea , m achine, and equipment; a ssistin g w ork er by holding m a teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as d irected by jo u r neyman. The kind of work the h elp er is p erm itted to p e rfo rm va rie s from trade to trade: In som e trades the h elper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m a teria ls and tools and cleaning working a rea s; and in others he is p erm itted to p e rfo rm sp e cia liz e d m achine operation, or parts of a trade that are a ls o p e rfo rm e d by w o rk e rs on a full-tim e b asis. 21 MACHINE-TOOL, O PER A TO R, TOOLROOM S p ecia lizes in the operation of one or m ore types of m achine to o ls, such as jig b o r e r s , cy lin d rica l or surface g rin d e rs, engine lathes, or m illin g m achines in the construction of m ach in e-sh op to o ls, gauges, jig s , fix tu re s , or d ie s . W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning and p erform in g d ifficu lt machining operations; p ro ce ss in g item s requiring com p licated setups or a high d egree of a ccu ra cy ; using a v a riety of p r e c is io n m easuring instruments; selectin g fe e d s , sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making n e ce s s a r y adju st m ents during operation to ach ieve requisite tolerances o r d im en sion s. M ay be requ ired to re co g n ize when tools need d ressin g, to d ress to o ls, and to s e le ct p ro p e r coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For c r o s s -in d u s t r y wage study p u r p o s e s , m a ch in e-tool op e ra to rs, to o lro o m , in tool and die jobbin g shops are excluded from this cla ss ifica tio n . MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs m ach in ery or m echan ical equipment of an establish m ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g: Examining m achines and m echan ical equipment to diagnose s o u rce of trouble; dismantling o r p artly dism antling m achines and p erform in g repairs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scrap in g and fitting parts; replacing broken or d efective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacem en t part by a m achine shop or sending of the m achine to a m achine shop fo r m a jo r re p a irs; preparing written specification s fo r m a jo r rep a irs o r fo r the production of parts ordered from m achine shop; rea ssem blin g m achines; and making all n ecessa ry adjustm ents fo r operation. In gen eral, the w ork of a maintenance m echanic requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. Excluded from this cla ss ifica tio n are w ork ers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach ines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT P rod u ces rep lacem en t parts and new parts in making rep a irs of m etal parts of m ech a n ical equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork involves m o s t of the follow in g: Interpreting w ritten in s tr u c tions and sp e cifica tio n s ; planning and laying out of w ork; using a v a rie ty of m a c h in is ts handtools and p re cis io n m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to c lo s e to le ra n ce s ; making standard shop com putations re la t ing to dim ensions of w ork, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the w orking p rop erties of the com m on m eta ls; selectin g standard m a te ria ls , p a rts, and equipment required fo r his w ork; fitting and a ssem b lin g parts into m echanical equipment. In gen eral, the m a ch in ist's w ork n orm a lly requ ires a rounded training in m a ch in eshop p ra ctice u sually a cq u ired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. Installs new m achines o r heavy equipment and dismantles and installs m achines o r heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y out are req u ired. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of the w ork; interpreting blueprints o r other specification s; using a va riety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop c o m putations relating to s tr e s s e s , strength of m a te ria ls, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard to o ls, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good o rd e r pow er tra n sm ission equipment such as d rives and speed r e “ d u cers. In gen eral, the m illw rig h t's w ork n orm ally requires a rounded training and exp erien ce in the trade acquired through a form a l appren ticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) L u b rica tes, with o il or g re a s e , the m oving parts or wearing su rfaces of m ech a n ical equipment of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE R epairs au tom obiles, buses, m otortru cks, and tra cto rs of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing; Examining autom otive equipm ent to diagnose sou rce of trouble; d isassem bling equipment and p erform in g rep a irs that involve the use of such handtools as w ren ch es, gauges, d r ills , or specialized equipment in d is a ssem b lin g or fitting p arts; replacin g broken or d efective parts from stock ; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the variou s a ssem b lies in the veh icle and making n e ce ssa ry adjustm ents; alining w h eels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body b olts. In gen eral, the w ork of the autom otive m echanic req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l a p p ren tice ship o r equivalent training and exp erien ce. Paints and re d e co ra te s w a ils, w oodw ork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork involves the follow in g: Knowledge of su rface p e cu lia rities and types of paint requ ired for different applications; preparin g su rface fo r painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty o r fille r in nail holes and in te rstice s; applying paint with spray gun or brush. M ay m ix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain p ro p e r c o lo r o r con sisten cy . In general, the w ork o f the m aintenance painter req u ires rounded training and e x p e rie n ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equiva lent training and e x p erien ce. 22 PIPE FITTE R , MAINTENANCE SH EE T-M ETA L WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or rep airs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the f o l lowing: Laying out of w ork and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten sp ecifica tion s; cutting various sizes of pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with ch isel and ham m er o r oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting m achine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or p ow er-d riv en m achines; assem blin g pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p re s s u r e s , flow , and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determ ine whether finished pipes m eet sp ecifica tion s. In general, the w ork of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. W orkers p rim a rily engaged in installing and rep airin g building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good o rd e r . Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary cod es regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or p lu m b er's snake. In general, the w ork of the maintenance plum ber requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l a p p ren tice ship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F a b rica tes, installs, and maintains in good rep air the sh eetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as m achine guards, grease pans, sh elves, lo ck e rs , tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning Custodial and TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Diem aker; jig m aker; T ransports p assen gers between flo o r s of an o ffice building, apartment house, departm ent sto re , hotel or sim ila r establishm ent. W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and jan itors are excluded. GUARD P erform s routine p o lice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining ord e r, using arm s or fo r c e where n e ce s s a ry . Includes gatemen who a re stationed at gate and ch eck on identity of em ployees and other person s entering. toolm ak er; fixture m aker; gauge m aker) Constructs and repairs m a ch in e-sh op to o ls, gauges, jig s , f ix tures or dies for forgin gs, punching and other m e ta l-fo rm in g w ork. W ork involves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of w ork from m od els, blueprints, draw ings, o r other o ra l and w ritten s p e c ifi cations; using a variety of tool and die m a k e r's handtools and p re c is io n m easuring instruments; understanding of the working p ro p e rtie s of com m on metals and a lloys; setting up and operating of m achine tools and related equipment; making n e ce s s a r y shop com putations relating to dim ensions of w ork, speeds, fe e d s , and tooling of m ach in es; heattreating of metal parts during fa b rica tion as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; w orking to c lo s e to le ra n ce s; fitting and assem bling of parts to p r e s c r ib e d to lera n ces and a llo w ances; selecting appropriate m a te ria ls, to o ls, and p r o c e s s e s . In general, the tool and die m a k e r's w ork re q u ires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom p ra ctice usually acqu ired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp e rie n ce . F or cr o s s-in d u stry wage study p u r p o s e s , tool and die m akers in tool and die jobbing shops a re excluded from this cla ss ifica tio n . Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER and laying out all types of sh eet-m eta l m aintenance w ork from blu e p rints, m odels, or other sp e cifica tio n s; setting up and operating all available types of sh eet-m eta l-w ork in g m ach ines; using a va riety of handtools in cutting, bending, fo rm in g , shaping, fitting, and a s s e m bling; installing sh eet-m etal a rticle s as req u ired . In gen eral, the w ork of the maintenence sh eet-m etal w ork er req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; ja n itre s s) Cleans and keeps in an o r d e r ly condition fa c to ry w orking areas and w ashroom s, or p re m ise s of an o ffic e , apartm ent house, or co m m e rcia l or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow ing: Sweeping, m opping o r scru bbin g, and polish in g flo o r s ; rem oving chips, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtu res; polishing m etal fixtu res o r trim m in gs; providin g supplies and m in or maintenance s e r v ic e s ; cleaning la v a to rie s, sh ow ers, and re s tr o o m s . W orkers who s p e cia liz e in window washing a re excluded. 23 LABORER, M A T E R IA L HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; sh elver; tru ck er; stockm an or stock h elp er; warehousem an or w arehouse h elp er) A w ork er em ployed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, s to re , or other establish m en t whose duties involve one or m o re of the fo llo w in g : Loading and unloading various m aterials and m e rch a n d ise on or from freigh t c a r s , truck s, or other transporting d e v ice s; unpacking, shelvin g, or p lacin g m aterials or m erchandise in p rop er stora ge location ; tran sportin g m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, c a r , or w h eelba rrow . L on gsh orem en , who load and unload ships a re excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE R K - Continued other r e c o r d s ; checking fo r shortages and rejectin g damaged goods; routing m erch an dise or m a terials to p ro p e r departm ents; maintaining n e ce s s a ry re co rd s and file s . F o r wage study p u rp oses, w ork ers are cla ss ifie d as follow s: R eceivin g c le rk Shipping c le r k Shipping and receiv in g c le rk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER F IL L E R (O rder p ick e r; stock s e le c to r ; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping o r tran sfer ord ers for finished goods from stored m erch an d ise in a cco rd a n ce with specification s on sales s lip s, c u s to m e r s ’ o r d e r s , or other instru ction s. May, in addition to fillin g o rd e rs and indicating item s filled or omitted, keep re c o rd s of out going o r d e r s , req u isition additional stock, or report short supplies to s u p e rv is o r, and p e rfo rm other related duties. D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m a te ria ls, m erch an d ise, equipment, or m en between various types of establishm ents such as: M anufacturing plants, freigh t depots, w a re h ou ses, w h olesale and reta il establishm ents, or between retail estab lishm ents and c u s to m e r s ’ houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload truck with o r without h e lp e rs, make m inor m echanical re p a irs, and keep truck in good working o rd e r . D riv e r-sa le s m e n and o v e r -th e -r o a d d riv e rs a re excluded. F o r wage study p u rp oses, tru ck d riv ers a re cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as fo llo w s: (T r a c to r -tr a ile r should be rated on the b asis of tr a ile r capacity. ) PA C K E R , SHIPPING P re p a re s finished produ cts for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con ta in ers, the sp ecific operations p e rfo rm e d being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. W ork requ ires the placin g of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or m o r e of the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in ord er to v e r ify content; sele ctio n of appropriate type and size of container; insertin g e n closu res in con tainer; using ex ce lsio r or other m a terial to preven t breakage or dam age; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ack ers who a lso m ake wooden boxes or cra tes are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LERK P re p a re s m erch an d ise fo r shipment, or re ce iv e s and is r e spon sible for incom ing shipm ent of m erchandise or other m a te ria ls. Shipping w ork in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping p ro ce d u re s, p r a c tic e s , rou tes, available m eans of transportation and rates; and p r e paring re c o rd s of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, p o s t ing weight.and shipping ch a rg es, and keeping a file of shipping r e c o r d s . May d ire ct or a s s is t in preparin g the m erchandise fo r shipm ent. R eceivin g w ork in v o lv e s: V erifyin g or directing others in verifyin g the co r re c tn e s s of shipm ents against bills of lading, in v o ice s, or T ru ck d river (com bination of sizes listed separately) T ru ck d riv e r, light (under IV2 tons^ T ru ck d riv e r, medium (IV 2 ton and including 4 ton s) T ru ck d riv e r, heavy (over 4 tons" tr a ile r type) T ru ck d riv e r, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a m anually con trolled ga so lin e - or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tra cto r to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F o r wage study p u rp oses, w ork ers are cla ss ifie d by type of truck, as follow s: T ru ck e r, pow er (forklift) T ru ck e r, pow er (other than fo r k lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of p re m ise s p e rio d ica lly in protecting p rop erty against fir e , theft, and illega l entry. & U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 0 — 391586
@FedFRASER