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Occupational Wage Survey NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT FEBRUARY 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commisaoner Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices rv I |Mew Esglaad Reg km 18 Oliver Street Bostoo 10, Mass. Liberty 2-2115 Occupational Wage Survey NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT FEBRUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-41 June I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewon C lo gu t, Commitsionsr For sal* by lh* Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price cents Contents P re fa c e Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a g e S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n te rs . T h e s tu d ie s , m a d e f r o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le t io n o f the stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m onth f o llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata not in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s o f a ll o f the y e a r * s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a f t e r c o m p le t io n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u 1s r e g io n a l o f f i c e in B o s to n , M a s s . , b y L e o E p s t e in , u n der the d i r e c tio n o f P a u l V . M u lk e rn , R e g io n a l W a g e and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t s . In tr o d u c tio n _________________________________________________________________________ 1 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y _______________ 2 A: O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A - 1. O f f ic e o c c u p a tio n s _______________________________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s ______________________ A - 3. M a in ten a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t io n s _____________________ A - 4. C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s _____________ 4 6 7 8 T a b le s : B: E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s : * B - l. S h ift d if fe r e n t ia ls _________________________________________________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s ______________________________________ -____________ B - 3 . S c h ed u le d w e e k ly h ou rs ________________________________ ■_________ B - 4. P a id h o lid a y s ______________________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s _____________________________________________________ B -6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lan s ------------------------------- A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s __________________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s f o r th e s e an d o th e r ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the r e p o r t s f o r s u r v e y s in o th e r m a jo r a r e a s . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g d ate o f stu d y and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r ts is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t . U n ion s c a le s , in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a ilin g p a y l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le f o r the f o llo w in g t r a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p r in tin g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s . 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 Occupational W a g e Survey— New Haven, Conn. Introduction This area is one of se v e r a l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of Labor* s B ureau of Labor S ta tistics has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits o n an areaw ide b a s is . In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v isits of B ureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts within six broad industry division s: M anufacturing; tra n sp o rta tio n ,1 com m u nication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from th ese stu d ies are governm ent operations and the con stru ction and ex tractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted a lso b ecause they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, sep arate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d iv isio n s. T h ese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis b ecause of the u n n ecessary c o st involved in surveying a ll esta b lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um c o st, a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim a tes b ased on the estab lish m en ts studied are p resen ted , th erefo re, as r e lating to all estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cep t for those below the m inim um s iz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selec te d for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sifica tio n is based on a uniform s e t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties within the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fession a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and pow er plant; and (d) custod ial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w o rk ers, i. e . , those h ired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational c la ssific a tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonu ses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incen tive earn in gs are inclu ded. W here w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occu p ation s, referen ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which stra ig h t-tim e sa la r ie s are paid; average w eekly earn in gs for th ese occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are p resen ted sep arately for selec te d occupations in which both se x e s are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and w om en in th ese occupations are la rg ely due to (1) d ifferen ces in the d istrib u tion of the sex es am ong in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ss ifie d w ithin the sam e su rvey job descrip tion ; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la r ie s are adjusted on this b asis. L onger average se r v ic e of m en would r e su lt in higher average pay when both se x e s are em ployed w ithin the, sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in th ese su rveys are u su ally m ore g en era lized than those used in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces am ong estab lish m en ts in sp ecific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts w ithin the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally su rveyed . B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational stru ctu re am ong esta b lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T h ese d ifferen ces in o ccu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accu racy of the ea rn ings data. E stab lish m en t P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary b en efits as they r e late to office and plant w o rk ers. The term "office w o rk ers, " as used in this b ulletin, includes w orking su p erv iso rs and n on su p ervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related fu n ction s, and exclu d es adm in istr a tiv e , ex ecu tive, and p ro fessio n a l p erson n el. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all n on su p ervisory w orkers (including lea d 1 R ailroad s, form erly excluded from the scope of th ese stu d ies,m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice fun ction s. A d m in istrative, ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l em p lo y ees, and force-a cco u n t con stru ction have been added in n ea rly a ll of the areas to be studied during the em p loyees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded . w in ter of 1959-60; ra ilroad s w ill be added in the rem aining area s next C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u s y ea r. F or scope of su rvey in this a r ea , se e footnote to "transporta tries, but are included as plant w ork ers in nonm anufacturing in d u stries. tion, com m unication, and other public u tilitie s 11 in table 1. 2 T a b le 1. E s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in N e w H a v e n , M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f stu d y In d u stry d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s M a n u fa c tu r in g N n n m & n t if a r t ii r i n g . . . . . ___ . . . . . . ----- T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ___ . . ___ . _ _ __ F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . _ S e r v i c e s 7 ___ ________ . . _______ _ C o n n ., 1 b y m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv i s i o n ,1 F e b r u a r y I9 6 0 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s W it h in scope of stu d y 9 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s W it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y S tu d ie d S tu d ie d T o ta l4 O ffic e P la n t T o t a l4 51 248 93 6 0 .5 0 0 1 1 ,0 0 0 3 9 .7 0 0 4 3 . 070 51 51 149 99 47 46 38, 700 2 1 ,8 0 0 4, 500 6 ,5 0 0 2 8 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,9 0 0 2 7 , 170 1 5 ,9 0 0 51 51 51 51 51 14 20 31 20 14 12 8 9 9 8 1 0 ,4 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 3, 200 4 ,5 0 0 10, 220 810 2, 080 1 ,7 7 0 1 ,0 2 0 ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4 l 4) 4 ( 4) 1 T h e N e w H a v e n M e t r o p o lit a n A r e a (N e w H a v e n C ity ; B r a n fo r d , E a s t H a v e n , G u ilfo r d , H a m d e n , N o r th H a v e n , O r a n g e , W e s t H a v e n a n d W o o d b r id g e to w n s in N e w H a v e n C o u n ty ). T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t im a t e s s h o w n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i s e a n d c o m p o s i t io n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th is s u r v e y . T h e e s t im a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . * T h e 1 9 5 7 r e v i s e d e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s if y i n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n . M a jo r c h a n g e s f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t i o n ( u s e d i n t h e B u r e a u 's l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o t h e w i n t e r o f 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) a r e t h e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i s a t i o n p l a n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b lis h m e n t s f r o m tra d e (w h o le s a le o r r e t a il) t o m a n u fa c t u r in g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d io a n d t e le v is io n b r o a d c a s t in g f r o m s e r v i c e s t o th e t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . 9 I n c lu d e s a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t a t o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i s e li m it a t i o n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in s u c h in d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , a u to r e p a ir s e r v ic e , a n d m o t io n -p ic t u r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . 4 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . s R a il r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x ic a b s a n d - s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 4 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " in th e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b le s , a lth o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f ic i e n t to ju s t ify s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n o f d a ta . 7 H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u t o m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o t io n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n is a t io n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g a n d a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 9 3 S h ift d iffe r e n t ia l d ata (ta b le B - l ) a re lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a tio n i s p re s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o lic y , 2 p re s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o rk e r e m p lo y m e n t, and (b) e ffe c tiv e p r a c t ic e , p re s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c if ie d s h if t at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e sta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g v a r ie d d if f e r e n t ia ls , the am o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f no a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s if ic a t io n "o th e r" w as u s e d . In e s t a b lis h m e n ts in w h ich som e la t e s h ift h o u rs a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if fe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly i f it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the s h ift h o u r s . M in im u m e n tra n c e r a te s (tab le B - 2 ) r e la te o n ly to the e s ta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a re p re s e n te d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t, r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s a re tre a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is th at th e se a re a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a re e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s lis t e d . S c h e d u le d h o u r s a re tre a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th e se a re a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a re c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s in th ese ta b u la tio n s m a y not e q u a l to t a ls . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f the p a id h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s a c t u a lly p ro v id e d . The secon d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s to show to ta l h o lid a y t im e . D a ta a re p re s e n te d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t i s b o rn e b y the e m p lo y e r* e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s su c h a s w o rk m e n 1 s c o m p e n s a tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . S u c h p la n s in c lu d e th o se u n d e rw ritte n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e co m p a n y and th o se p ro v id e d th ro u g h a u n io n fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e ra tin g fu n d s o r f r o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u rp o s e . D e a th b e n e fits a re in c lu d e d a s a f o r m o f lif e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e i s lim it e d to th at type o f in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p re d e te rm in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m ad e d ir e c t ly to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u rin g il ln e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . In fo r m a tio n i s p re s e n te d fo r a ll su c h p la n s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u t e s . H o w e v e r, in N ew Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y * w h ich h ave e n a cte d te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s , 4 p la n s a re in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r ( 1 ) c o n tr ib u t e s m o re than i s le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r ( 2 ) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ic h e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s ic k - le a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s 5 w h ic h p ro v id e f u ll p a y o r a p r o p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 's p ay d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o rk b ecau se of illn e s s . S e p a ra te ta b u la tio n s a r e p ro v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( 1 ) p la n s w h ich p ro v id e f u ll p ay and no w a itin g p e rio d , and ( 2 ) p la n s p r o v id in g e ith e r p a r t ia l pay o r a w a itin g p e rio d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s who a re p ro v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k le a v e , an u n d u p lic a te d to ta l is show n of w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both ty p e s o f b e n e fits . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s i s lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , e x c lu d in g in f o r m a l p la n s w h e re b y tim e o ff w ith p ay i s g ra n te d at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S e p a ra te e s t im a t e s a r e p ro v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in c o m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts, s u c h a s tim e p a y m e n ts, p e rc e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s , o r f la t - s u m a m o u n ts. H o w e v e r, in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e rte d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u al e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 1 s p a y . C a ta s tro p h e in s u ra n c e * s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to a s exten d ed m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o se p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p ro te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s beyond the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n * m e d ic a l* and s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s 1 f e e s . S u c h p la n s m a y be u n d e rw ritte n b y c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n is a t io n s o r th e y m a y be s e lf - in s u r e d . T a b u la t io n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a re lim it e d to th o se p la n s th a t p ro v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's lif e . * A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a p o lic y i f it m e t e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s: ( 1 ) O p e ra te d la te s h ift s at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r ( 2 ) h ad f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h if t s . 3 S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t io n ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m ad e p r io r to la te 1 9 5 7 and e a r ly 1 9 5 8 w e re p re s e n te d in te r m s o f the p ro p o rtio n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f fic e s w ith the in d ic a t e d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r w o m en w o r k e r s . 4 T h e te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n ia and Rh o d e Is la n d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u t io n s . 3 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n i f oi tf e s t a b lis h e d a t le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s i c k le a v e that c o u ld be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . S u c h a p la n n eed no t be w ritte n * b u t in f o r m a l s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is * w e re e x c lu d e d . A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-l. Office Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry division, New Haven, C on n., February I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly. Weekly, U n der hours earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 5 .0 0 and under 5 0 .0 0 $5 0 .0 0 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0. 00 6 5. 00 7 0 . 00 S $ $ $ 7 0. 00 *75. 00 8 0 . 00 8 5. 00 9 0 .0 0 7 5. 00 8 0. 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 2 $9 5. 00 f o o . 00 f 0 5. 00 f i o . o o f 15. 00 f 2 0 .0 0 f 2 5 . 00 and 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over M en C lerks, accounting, c la ss A --------------------M anufacturing________________________— N onm anufacturing--------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ------------------------------C lerks, accounting, c la ss B --------------------C lerks, order -------------------------------------------M anufacturing--------------------------------------Office boys _______________________________ M anufacturing__________________________ N onm anufacturing--------------------------------Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss B — N onm anufacturing--------------------------------Women B ille r s, m achine (billing m achine) ------------------------B ille r s, m achine (bookkeeping m achine) ---------------Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, c la ss A _________ Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, c la ss B _________ M anufacturing-----------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------------------------C lerks, accounting, c la ss A _______________________ M anufacturing___________________________________ N onm anufacturing_______________________________ C lerks, accounting, c la ss B _______________________ M anufacturing___________________________________ N onm anufacturing-----------------------------------------------Public u tilities 2 ______________________________ C lerks, file, c la ss A ______________________________ C lerks, file, c la ss B ---------------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------------------------C lerks, order ______________________________________ M anufacturing___________________________________ C lerks, p a y r o ll_____________________________________ M anufacturing___________________________________ N onm anufacturing_______________________________ 83 33 50 28 4 0 .0 40. 0 39. 5 4 0 .0 $ 1 0 1 .5 0 1 0 4 .00 1 0 0 .00 1 0 5 .50 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 2 - 8 2 6 - 9 6 3 1 4 3 1 - 2 - 60 40. 0 9 6 .0 0 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 - 16 2 10 69 44 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 4 .5 0 9 0 0 . _ _ - - 4 4 - 2 - - 6 1 10 6 8 6 3 3 60 25 35 3 9. 5 4 0 .0 39. 5 6 0 .5 0 5 0.5 0 6 8 .0 0 35 5 - 16 9 7 11 5 6 5 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 _ - _ - 15 15 43 « 38. 5 38. 0 8 6 .0 0 6 7 .6 0 _ . _ _ 2 2 2 2 _ 5 1 3 _ 28 3 9 .5 6 8 .0 0 2 28 3 8 .0 7 5 .0 0 _ 3 2 5 2 2 6 1 1 4 5 18 3 15 10 5 2 3 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 - 5 5 - 1 22 5 17 12 - - 2 6 14 5 3 - - 4 2 4 2 3 1 3 3 1 8 6 7 7 6 2 3 1 ' 2 1 1 - - - - - - ■ - 10 8 6 2 1 1 16 16 1 - _ _ _ _ 6 4 3 1 3 _ _ _ _ 4 _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ . _ . - - _ _ _ 27 37. 5 7 0 .5 0 1 _ 1 4 1 5 2 9 _ 3 _ l _ 157 55 102 3 9 .0 40. 6 3 9 .0 5 6 .0 0 6 3 .6 0 5 2 .5 0 13 36 7 29 18 13 5 17 5 12 16 15 1 2 2 4 4 - 2 2 - 3 3 _ - _ - - 6 4 2 ! - 3 13 39 3 36 1 - - - 107 61 46 3 9 .5 ~4676 3 9 .0 8 4 .5 0 8 3 .6 6 8 6 .5 0 _ _ _ 4 4 " 5 3 2 10 7 3 18 9 9 20 15 5 8 3 14 9 5 5 3 2 _ 8 19 10 9 168 75 93 25 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 6 5 .5 0 59750 6 2 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 28 39. 5 7 3 .5 0 145 119 3 8. 5 ~367o 3 8 .0 5 3.0 0 506" 5 1.5 0 54 39 39. 5 39. 5 194 138 56 3 9 .0 3 9. 5 3 8 .0 16 - - - - - - 1 1 - 3 3 11 7 4 - 24 4 20 1 21 8 13 3 27 10 17 5 26 17 9 6 16 7 9 4 6 3 3 3 5 4 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 - - - - 2 2 - - 19 4 15 - _ 1 2 2 2 3 8 4 _ 1 1 1 3 10 49 5 44 25 7 18 18 9 9 5 3 2 2 _ _ . _ - - - - _ - - 10 36 2 34 2 - - - - - 7 3 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 4 - 1 ” 5 5 4 2 7 4 7 5 7 7 4 4 _ “ 3 - 4 4 1 1 7 1 .5 0 7 2 .0 6 7 0 .5 0 . - 6 4 2 9 4 5 11 4 7 12 10 2 42 3 10 32 29 3 45 25” 20 15 11 4 12 12 5 4 3 2 1 - - 1 - - 3 - - - _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - . _ _ _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ - - - -- - - _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ . - - _ _ 1 - _ 5 5 _ _ - - 1 ' See footnotes at end of table, 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , New Haven, Conn. , F ebruary i960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-T!(ME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Avbhaqb Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n $ Weekly, Weekly x U n d er 4 5 .0 0 earnings hours and (Standard) (Standard) $ tind 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0er 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 7 0 .0 0 S 7 5. 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 $ 9 0. 00 55. 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5. 00 7 0 .0 0 7 5. 00 8 0. 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 1 1 0 .0 0 115. 00 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 and 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 o v e r W o m e n — C on tin u ed C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s — -------- — — M a n u fa ctu r in g ----- ----- — — ~ — N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ------ — . . — — — $ 7 9 . 50 50 8 2 . 50 it. 3 3 2 2 5 5 12 5 7 14 8 6 6 6 - 7 5 2 3 2 1 5 5 2 19 3 16 14 1 13 24 1 23 7 7 . . _ _ * - - “ “ 5 5 5 0 7 1 . 50 6 8 .0 0 7 2. 50 7 4. 00 1 1 - 1 1 - 19 7 12 10 47 6 41 39 28 14 14 4 25 14 11 3 27 8 19 1 3 3 1 52 52 52 3 3 - _ - - - . - - - - - . - . - - 18 3 15 8 - - - 40. 0 59. 50 1 10 12 . 4 4 2 _ 4 _ 1 1 . _ _ _ _ . 39. 0 " 4 &:t ' 38. 0 39. 0 8 5. 50 $ 5. 00 8 6 .0 0 1 0 3 .0 0 - 7 1 6 - 20 6 14 - 29 7 22 - 63 36 27 - 92 57 35 3 56 44 12 2 52 42 10 5 52 28 24 16 29 15 14 6 23 17 6 6 24 - 27 9 18 - 7 4 3 1 34 n — 21 10 37 23 14 8 67 21 13 28 8 20 14 24 n>— 9 2 3 3 - 2 2 2 . - -------------------- ---------------— --------------- 121 54 87 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 K e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g — ----- --------------------- -----------------------N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ------ ----------------------------------------- ----P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 -------------------------------------------------------- 224 56 168 118 38. 39. 38. 39. O f f i c e g ir ls ---------------------------------- — — ---------- ----- 39 S e c r e t a r ie s --------------------------------------------- -----------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------------------- -------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 ---------- . __ _____________________ 500 “ "Z5S 220 66 ” - 2 2 - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ------------------- -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g —------ ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------N on m a n u fa c tu rin g P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 -------------------------------------------------------- 336 136 200 113 39. 0 4 0 .0 38. 5 39. 0 7 3 .0 0 7 1. 50 7 4 .0 0 8 0. 50 _ - 6 6 - 21 6 15 4 50 12 38 14 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n ic a l ------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________________ 79 60 40. 0 40. 0 7 7. 50 7 3. 50 _ _ _ . ' ■ S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------- 85 62 3 9 .0 38. 5 67. 50 6 6 .0 0 2 2 7 7 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ____________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ----------------- -------- --------------------------- __ 74 54 39. 0 39. 5 66. 50 67. 00 1 - - T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ____________ 30 40. 0 8 8 . 50 . T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C ------------------------ 104 37. 5 69. 50 T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g —__ -___________________ __ ___ ___ ___ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------ --------------------------- -------- __ 106 67 39 39. 5 40. 0 38. 5 T y p is t s , c l a s s A _________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ _______________________ ____ _____ _ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------------- 240 117 123 T y p is t s , c l a s s B ----------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------------------------------ — 286 134 152 1 2 3 4 ----- - 1 1 _ . _ . ~ ~ ■ ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 1 _ . . . . - - - - - - - . 17 _ . _ . _ . . . . _ . . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 3 1 12 12 12 1 11 I - _ - . - . - . - - - - - _ - . - _ - 1 1 . - . - _ _ - - _ - - ■ 8 8 16 13 13 ll 6 6 8 6 5 ■ 4 1 10 lo 4 3 5 5 24 13 11 6 4 2 4 1 12 12 2 1 6 1 19 16 17 14 10 8 9 9 2 1 2 - 1 - 6 4 _ . . _ 1 _ 8 1 3 . . 2 8 12 32 20 30 66. 00 68. 00 6 2. 50 - 6 6 4 4 13 3 10 19 10 9 24 20 4 20 20 - 16 13 3 39. 0 40. 0 38. 5 66. 50 67. 00 66. 50 - _ - , 34 3 31 34 14 20 61 32 29 49 38 11 19 12 7 38. 5 39. 5 37. 5 60. 00 60. 00 59. 50 4 4 17 8 9 54 21 33 78 37 41 6? 26 43 14 12 2 30 14 16 1 ■ 4 4 - 10 10 12 10 2 7 1 6 - Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to th ese w eekly hours. Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. A ll w orkers w ere at $40 to $45. W orkers w ere distributed as follows: 12 at $125 to $130; 1 at $130 to $135. 1 16 — 5— ------1----13 4 13 - 5 1 - 13 13 4T ~ 14 14 . - 24 3 21 15 — -T o — 25 12 -------- F " — 3— 23 9 21 9 1 3 ----- 2----1 1 . - . _ 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations .(A verage str a ig h t-tim e w eek ly hours and earn in gs for selec ted occup ation s studied on an area b a sis by in dustry d iv isio n , New Haven, C on n., F eb ruary I960) Avs IAUB Sex, o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly . U n d e r earnings (Standard) $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 and t in d e r 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ $ 1 0 5 . 00 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ 1 2 5 . 00 1 3 0 . 00 1 3 5 . 00 1 4 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 5Q . 00 9 5 . 00_ 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 00 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 4 5 ,0 0 and 1 4 5 .0 0 over 8 ~ ~ 5-------- M en D r a f t s m e n , l e a d e r -------------------------------------------------- -------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------- ------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " ■ “ “ ■ " “ 8 8 _ “ ~ ■ 4 4 14 14 2 2 8 $ 22 22 - 2 2 - 3 3 24 23 8 8 3 3 22 22 22 22 29 26 33 31 7 6 4 3 2 2 1 1 ---- 2 - 8 2 . 00 79715 8 6 . 7 7 11 9 31 30 14 11 10 8 2 5 . . . " ■ - " - - - - - - 9 1 .5 0 9 0 . 00 . 4 2 5 5 16 14 2 1 5 4 5 4 1 1 6 3 4 2 1 1 2 2 _ 66 66 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 1 3 5 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 D r a f t s m e n , s e n i o r ---------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g — --------------------------------------------------------------------- 167 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 0 1 0 7 .0 0 . 159 D r a ft s m e n , ju n io r ------------ ------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g - ------- ------------------------------------------ -------------- -------- 88 73 3 9 .5 40. 0 52 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 - W om en N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l (r e g is t e r e d ) ----------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g — --------------- ------ ------------------------------------------------- 1 39 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 1 5 -------- - 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , N e w H a v e n , C o n n ., F e b r u a r y I9 6 0 ) NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n an d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e — .................... . ............... M a n u f a c t u r i n g ;-----------------------------------------------— — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------- ----------------- Number Average workers U nder J S S .1 $ 1. 50 W 29 $ 2 .4 2 2 .4 0 2 .4 5 88 $ • i.,0 and under 1 .6 0 * 1 .6 0 * 1 .7 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 $ $ $ $ 2. 20 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 . 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2 .7 0 2. 80 2 .9 0 3. 00 3 . 10 and 1 -5 0 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2. 20 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 . 50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 . 10 over 2 1 1 7 7 23 6 17 18 16 2 8 8 1 - 7 7 - 4 - - 1 “ - 4 - 14 13 29 9 9 5 2 18 18 37 87 4 4 _ 13 13 2 2 47 24 23 27 is 4 4 _ 5 5 9 20 4 16 3 3 2 2 5 5 - . - - 1 1 10 lb - - _ - 2 2 - 1 l - _ - - 5 5 12 8 4 6 6 10 10 16 16 15 15 - 1 1 - - - 3 - 1 1 4 ....... T ....... l * . . — ----------------________________ _ 137 2 .3 9 2. - - - E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y ____ ____________ M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _________ .. ~ _____________ ____ ____ 170 113 57 2 .4 1 2 . 39 2 .4 3 1 - 2 - - 1 2 F i r e m e n , s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r _____ __ __ -----M a n u f a c t u r i n g _ _______ ____ __ ____ ______ ___ 122 116 2 .1 7 2. . - 2 2 21 20 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 64 62 H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ---------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g — — __ ___________ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 1 ______ ________ ____ ____ _ 148 105 43 34 1 .9 9 1 .9 3 2 . 11 2. 20 8 4 4 15 15 - 11 ii 16 13 3 “ “ ■ " " 6 5 1 1 15 5 10 10 17 16 1 1 29 19 10 10 17 8 - 8 8 - 9 9 4 1 3 3 M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g — — — ---------------------- — — — 69 6$ 2 . 38 2 . 3$ 2 2 . m _ - - ** - 21 21 8 8 M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e -------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ ____ — __ — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ __ . . .. P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 __ ____________ __ 239 177 62 62 2 . 50 2 .4 9 2 . 52 2 . 52 8 8 - . - 4 4 - 50 36 14 14 14 14 — M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ______ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________ _______ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ........................................................ 179 T5B------134 2 .4 4 2. 2 .4 2 M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ ____ ______ ______ __ 244 216 Z7J3 M i l l w r i g h t s . — .............— M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______ 59 59 2. 48 __ 52 51 1 .9 7 1 .99 m a i n t e n a n c e -------------------------------------------------- 40 2 . 35 _ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ________________________ _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________ 72 72 2 . 57 2 .5 7 * S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s , 26 2 . 52 _ 212 2 .6 8 ____ — --------_ ------ ------------ rvi 1o t- a M a n u fa c tu r in g _ P a in t e r s , --------------- ----------------------------- m a i n t e n a n c e --------------------- T o o l a n d d i e m a k e r s ___________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------- — —--------------------------- 1 2 * ill ii 4} 2 . 56 1748 - . _ _ - - - - . _ _ - - - - “ - - - - - 3 -------- 3— - 1 - - - 1 _ _ _ - “ 5 5 - - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - 2 - - 2 - - - “ “ “ " " 34 34 . . - 2 2 . - 1 1 _ - 18 18 - 19 19 - 4 1 3 3 25 21 4 4 " _ _ ■ - 1 1 - - - 18 13 5 5 - - 60 26 34 34 - 18 l6 2 2 . 2 1 1 28 25 28 45 45 35 4 3 3 35 23 17 21 21 21 2 2 2 16 16 16 17 15 11 7 4 _ - - - - - 6 6 9 9 13 13 69 69 15 14 11 1 75 75 13 16 8 _ 2 3 15 15 2 2 10 lff“ 4 4 13 13 2 2 11 11 5 5 1 1 11 11 _ . - - - 8 8 . 8 8 1 1 - _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - “ - . 3 3 16 1 3 5 . - _ _ 6 ■ 2 2 “ - - - - - 2 2 - “ - “ - - _ _ - 1 1 - _ . . - - - * . _ _ - - - - - 2 4 4 6 6 2 2 ... 9 k 10 l6 _ 1 1 6 1 - * * - - 6 1 1 7 * 7 8 8 19 19 19 19 * 10 10 _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 _ 1 1 12 3 - 2 - 2 - . _ . _ 3 11 11 26 26 20 20 52 52 34 34 28 28 36 _ 36 l - 2 1 1. 68 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e a n d f o r w d fk o n w e e k e n d s , T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t il it ie s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 3 .1 0 to $ 3. 2 0 . $ $ 2 . 10 - - $ 2 .0 0 - - $ 1 1 .9 0 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e _____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________ .. ____ $ * 1 .8 0 — T * ' _ “ _ 8 h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h ift s . 6 _ - “ 2 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra ig h t-tim e h o urly earn in g s for selected occupations studied on an a re a b a sis by in d u stry division, New H aven, C onn., F e b ru a ry I960) N U M B E R O F WORKERS3 R E C E U PING S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S OF— O ccu pation1 and in d u stry d iv ision of workers hourly earnings $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1. 30 1. 40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.4 0 2. 50 $2.6 0 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2.9 0 $3. 00 $3. 10 * 1.00 1. 10 1.20 and “ “ ~ ~ ~ “ “ ~ “ ■ ■ ~ under 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 __U80_ 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 over 2 " ~ 8 6 3 1 4 4 18 18 6 2 39 39 9 8 16 16 - ~ 16 9 - " ' - - - 89 89 ■ 52 4 48 ~ 79 47 32 1 76 42 34 ■ 37 33 4 ~ 55 40 15 " 84 50 34 31 62 42 20 18 43 17 26 24 53 48 5 5 _ ~ . ~ " _ ■ _ ~ . ■ “ _ ■ ~ _ " 8 - 8 8 1 “ 12 12 3 3 9 9 1 1 3 2 8 “ 2 2 “ “ " " " - - - - _ _ “ 3 3 ■ 4 4 j 1 " 22 22 " 4 4 “ 29 20 9 “ 138 133 5 ~ 70 55 15 “ 134 124 10 ~ 48 43 5 “ 26 5 ~ 80 57 23 18 150 35 115 115 82 52 30 30 3 3 “ 4 4 “ 2 2 “ 2 _ ~ . ■ . ~ . " - - 2 - 2 2 - 1 ~ 8 8 13 8 2 - 10 ~ 44 28 4 " 2 . " “ G uards --------- — ---- ----- ------------ --------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------- 121 103 $ 2 .0 3 2.0 2 Ja n ito rs , p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (m en) -------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing --------- ---- ----- — ------— — P ublic u tilitie s 3 — ------------ — - 642 331 311 79 1.6 4 1.75 1.53 1.97 ? 8 1 " 3 3 ■ Ja n ito rs , p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (women) ---- - — — - — — ---- — M a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------------------- 55 37 1.59 1.58 _ - L a b o re rs, m a te ria l handling ---- ------------------.. .— . M anufacturing ____ _____ _ N onm anufacturing - -- — ——— P u blic u tilitie s 3 --------------------------- —---- 802 551 251 163 1.94 1.91 2. 02 2. 25 O rd e r f ille rs - — -------- — — - — — ---- M anufacturing — ---------------- -— --------- — .— 98 48 2. 16 2. 18 " 8 4 li ~ t ~ ~ - - . _ ~ . ■ " . _ . _ 1 - - “ P a c k e rs, shipping (men) ------------------------------M anufacturing -------------------------------—-------— 174 173 1.83 1.83 “ 1 - 2 2 8 6 18 lft 8 6 30 30 8 8 43 43 8 8 7 7 13 13 10 10 18 18 _ ~ P a c k e rs, shipping (women) -------------------------- 33 1.62 3 5 2 10 . . _ . . 8 _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 1 R eceiving c le rk s ------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------ ------------------------ 60 52 2. 00 2.01 - ' 2 - - " - 9 9 6 6 3 1 3 3 8 8 12 11 8 8 5 l 1 ~ 2 2 ■ " Shipping c l e r k s ---- ----------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------- 76 53 2. 17 2.09 1 _ . ■ _ " 8 8 _ ■ 9 9 7 7 29 13 6 6 3 3 _ “ 4 4 _ 5 ” _ ■ i i 3 1 _ “ Shipping and receiv in g c le rk s ----------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------- 75 63 2. 16 2. 13 . - - . " . " _ “ . " 1 1 15 10 17 17 20 19 10 10 1 1 _ “ _ 3 1 _ " _ “ _ 4 . ■ ■ 4 4 T ruckd r ive r s 4 -----------— ---- —-----------------------M anufacturing — --------------------------- —---- -— N onm anufacturing --------- -------------------------— P u b lic u tilitie s 3 --------------------- ------------- 939 355 584 248 2. 32 2. 19 2.3 9 2. 30 “ “ ■ ~ - 19 5 14 “ 30 21 9 28 16 12 12 4 3 1 1 35 29 6 6 41 12 29 9 227 212 15 15 317 32 285 204 21 20 1 1 6 2 4 " 68 68 “ 50 50 - _ “ . “ T ru c k d riv e rs , light (under l*/2 t o n s ) ------M anufacturing -------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ---------------- —------------P u blic u tilitie s 3 -------------------------- — 110 37 73 25 1.82 1.90 1.79 2. 18 - - . - _ - - 26 26 18 5 13 29 20 9 8 8 8 _ - 1 1 - 8 8 - _ - 18 1 17 17 _ - 2 2 - _ . " _ 62 62 ■ 31 3 28 " _ - _ - _ - _ " See footnotes at end of tab le. " 1 . - - ■ - - “ 1 - “ - - . 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra ig h t-tim e h o urly earn in g s fo r selected occupations studied on an a re a b a sis by in d u stry division, New Haven, C o n n ., F e b ru a ry I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S OF— O ccupation1 and in d u stry division T ru ck d riv e rs: 4— Continued T ru ck d riv e rs, m edium ( l 1^ to and including 4 tons) -------------- — ------- ---- Number of workers Average hourly earnings $1. 10 $1 .20 $1.30 $1 .40 $1.50 $1 .60 *1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $2. 00 *2.10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2.4 0 *2.50 $2. 60 $2.70 $2. 80 $2.90 $3. 00 *3.10 » *1.00 and and under 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.0 0 2. 10 2.20 2.30 2.4 0 2. 50 2.6 0 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3. 10 over 71 $ 2 .1 9 - - - - - 5 1 - 9 3 T ru c k d riv e rs, heavy (over 4 ton s, tr a ile r type) _ — — — — — — > 413 M anufacturing _ — ------61 N on m an u factu rin g ----------------------------------352 2. 50 2. 25 2. 54 " " “ “ ~ - ” ~ " 18 - " '"IT1” 1 ■ T ru c k d riv e rs, heavy (over 4 ton s, oth er than tr a ile r ty p e ) __ — ---N o n m an u factu rin g ------------- — __ __ 292 73 2. 31 2.4 0 ' - ■ “ ■ - " “ 5 4 1 1 8 6 195 172 1.99 1.97 _ “ _ _ ~ _ “ . ■ 13 13 16 l6 12 12 35 ...35 19 19 21 21 47 30 T ru c k e rs, pow er (o ther than forklift) M an u fac tu rin g ---------------------------------------------- 89 84 2.19 2.1 9 . " . . ■ . ~ . ■ 2 2 4 4 6 6 - 7 7 7 7 W atchm en __ „ — ------- --------------------- — ----M anufacturing _ __ — N onm anufacturing __ ____ ____ __ - 217 117 100 1. 50 ...1756 " 1. 31 54 54 14 14 21 18 3 9 3 12 6 14 14 29 29 11 11 4 4 10 10 12 12 T ru c k e rs, pow er (forklift) ---M an u fac tu rin g ---------- ------------ 1 2 5 4 ---— — ~ z — D ata lim ite d to m en w o rk e rs except w here o th erw ise ind icated. E xcludes prem iu m pay for o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, ho lidays, and late sh ifts. T ran sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and o th er public u tilitie s. Includes a ll d riv e rs re g a rd le s s of size and type of tru c k o p erated . - 48 - - - _ - - _ _ 1 22 213 1 “ T r 20 185 " io 3 2 1 2 2 66 66 “ 26 26 62 62 ■ " 9 9 18 2 2 2 2 " — ZT 24 - ■ " 6 4 16 12 _ ■ 8 18 1 1 . ~ ------ r1 " ■ 32 27 3 3 . ■ - 28 28 . - - “ - “ - 14 2 12 7 5 2 2 2 4 4 - - - - - - - 2 3 21 —2025— 20 10 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1. Shift Differentials (P ercen t of m anufacturing plant w orkers in establishm ents having form al provisions for shift w ork, and in establishm ents actually operating late shifts by type and amount of differential, New Haven, C o nn., F eb ru ary i960) In establishm ents having form al provisions 1 for— T hird or other Second shift w ork shift w ork W ith shift pay differential — - U niform cents (per hour) ------------------------------3 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------5 cents -------__ . . ----------------------------------,— - — ----- 6 cents ___ — ------ — 7 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------7Vz cents __ 8 cents ... . ________ ______________ -----------8 l / i cents — — — - - — 1O r- » n t m .......... 12 cents ___________________________________ 131/* cents —___________ ________________ ____ 14 cents — ----—— - — 15 cents _ ________ _____ __________________________ O ver 15 cents _ —- U niform percentage ---------------------------------------5 percen t ______ . . . . . . . 7 l /z percen t ----- — ---- — . — 10 percen t . . ___ 15 percen t ----- ._ . . . . O ther form al pay d if f e r e n tia l_____________ ___ No shift pay differential ___ In establishm ents actually operating— T hird or other Second shift shift 79.9 67. 3 14.3 6. 5 78. 2 68. 5 2.9 11. 3 2. 2 9.0 1.7 1.7 2. 2 16.4 16.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 8. 1 5. 0 2. 5 .6 1.6 1.7 67. 3 44. 6 . 2.0 6. 1 13.7 4 .0 1.0 12. 5 3.7 1.6 7. 5 3. 5 1. 5 2. 5 14. 0 12.7 .8 1. 1 .6 1. 1 .3 .4 .2 2.0 5.4 .2 .1 .5 1. 2 1. 1 .1 " .1 .3 6. 5 3. 6 15. 2 - .9 1.0 .4 .2 .7 .1 .2 .5 .1 .3 .1 ' 2.4 1 Includes establishm ents c u rren tly operating late sh ifts, and establishm ents w ith form al provisions covering late shifts even though they w ere not c u rre n tly operating late shifts. 11 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D istrib ution of e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv ision s by m inim um en tran ce sa la ry for se le cte d c a te g o ries o f in ex perienced w om en office w o rk e rs, New H aven, C onn., F e b ru a ry i960) Inexp erienced ty p ists M inim um w eekly s a la r y 1 E sta b lish m e n ts studied — —------------------- .. A ll in d u strie s N onm anufacturing M anufacturing B ased on stand ard w eekly h o u rs* of— A ll A ll 40 40 371/* schedules schedules A ll O ther inex perienced c le ric a l w o r k e rs 2 N onm anufacturing M anufacturing B ased on stan d ard w eekly h o u rs 1 of— A ll A ll 40 40 37l/z schedules schedules -------- 93 47 XXX 46 XXX XXX 93 47 XXX 46 XXX XXX E sta b lish m e n ts having a specified m inim um — — — __ U nder $ 37. 50 ..................................................$ 3 7 .5 0 and un der $ 4 0 .0 0 .......................................................... $ 40. 00 and un der $ 42. 50 --------------- —--------------- --------$ 42. 50 and under $ 45. 00 -------- — --------- — $ 45. 00 and under $ 47. 50 ---------------- ----------------- -------$ 47 .50 and un der $ 50. 00 - .. — $50. 00 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 — — ---- ---... $ 5 2 .5 0 and un d er $ 5 5 .0 0 .......................................................... $55. 00 and un der $ 5 7 .5 0 - ....................................................... $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $6 0. 00 ------------------------------------------$ 60. 00 and under $ 62. 50 — — ---- --------- --------------$ 62. 50 and under $ 65. 00 . .. ------------ .. -----------$6 5. 00 and un der $ 6 7 .5 0 —----- ---- ---- --------- — $ 6 7 .5 0 and ov er — ------- ------- — _ __ _. — — E sta b lish m e n ts having no specified m inim um ------------E sta b lish m e n ts w hich did not em ploy w o rk e rs in th is categ ory ----- — — — — — ------- __ ------- 48 3 2 5 13 5 4 1 4 2 1 2 3 3 12 25 _ 1 3 7 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 9 22 _ 1 3 6 . 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 XXX 23 _ 3 1 2 6 5 2 . 2 2 3 6 _ 1 3 1 . . 1 XXX 9 _ _ 1 3 1 1 . . 1 2 XXX 42 1 2 5 7 7 6 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 13 22 _ . 2 4 6 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 8 19 _ . 2 3 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 XXX 20 1 2 3 3 1 5 1 . 2 2 5 6 _ 1 . 1 2 1 . . . 1 XXX 7 _ . 1 1 . 2 _ . _ . 1 2 XXX 33 13 XXX 20 XXX XXX 38 17 XXX 21 XXX XXX _ L ow est sa la ry ra te fo rm ally estab lish ed fo r h irin g in ex perienced w o rk e rs fo r typing o r o th e r c le ric a l jo b s. R ates app licable to m e sse n g e rs, office g irls , o r sim ila r su b c le ric a l jobs a re not co n sid ered . H ours re fle c t the w orkw eek for w hich em ployees rec e iv e th e ir re g u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s . D ata a re p re se n te d fo r a ll w orkw eeks com bined, and fo r the m o st com m on w orkw eeks rep o rted . 12 Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of office and plant w o rk e rs in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry div ision s by scheduled w eekly h o urs of firs t-s h ift w o rk e rs, New H aven, Conn. , F e b ru a ry I960) OFFICE WORKERS W eekly ho urs All w o rk e rs — ——— —- U nder 35 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------35 ho urs ---------------------------------------------------------O ver 35 and under 37 h o urs --------------------------37 h o urs -------------------------------------------------------37V2h o urs ----------------------------------------------------O ver 3,7l/z and under 40 ho urs ---------------------40 h o urs ---------------------------------------------------------O ver 40 and un der 44 h o urs — — ----44 ho u rs -------------------------------------------------------45 ho u rs -------------------------------------------------------O ver 45 ho urs — ___ __ — ---- — — 1 2 3 4 All industries 100 2 1 <4) 8 25 4 58 (4) (4 ) 1 M anufacturing 100 (4) 1 (4 ) 3 2 93 1 PLAN T W ORKERS Public utilities 2 100 _ (4) (4) 57 43 - All industries3 Manufacturing 100 _ 5 4 5 70 3 2 5 5 Includes data for w ho lesale trad e; re ta il tra d e ; finance, in su ran ce , and re a l e sta te; and se rv ic e s in addition to tho se in d u stry divisions shown se p a rate ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and oth er public u tilitie s. Includes data for w holesale tra d e , re ta il tra d e , read e sta te , and se rv ic e s in addition to tho se in d u stry divisions shown se p a rate ly . L ess than 0. 5 p e rce n t. 100 _ 6 6 74 1 3 6 3 Pu blic utilities 2 100 _ 87 9 2 2 13 Table EM. Paid Holidays (P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of office and plant w o rk e rs in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry div ision s by num ber of paid holidays provided annually, New H aven, C o n n ., F e b ru a ry I960) OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries 1 Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 --------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 W orkers in e sta b lish m e n ts providing paid holidays _______ ___ ____ _____ W orkers in e sta b lish m e n ts providing no paid h o lid a y s___ ___ — --------- — -------- 100 100 100 - 96 4 100 ■ 96 4 8 4 2 1 ■ 1 1 5 1 32 4 2 35 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 24 4 3 42 10 3 1 1 3 9 _ 40 2 21 6 7 5 6 ” 7 7 15 15 15 98 98 99 99 99 100 100 100 1 2 3 4 7 15 51 55 87 88 94 95 96 96 1 1 2 2 6 16 61 65 89 90 95 95 96 96 6 11 18 24 24 45 48 88 88 97 100 100 100 A ll w o rk e rs ---------------------- ------------ N um ber of d a y s L e ss than 5 holidays — — ------5 h o lid a y s --------------------------------------------------------6 holidays _ --------- --------------------- --------6 holidays plus 1 half day ----- — ---------------6 holidays plus 2 o r 3 half d a y s ----------------------7 holidays —_________________________ —________ 7 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y __ . — __ __ 7 holidays plus 2 half days — — .. 8 holidays ____ ___ ___ 8 holidays plus 1 half day __ — .. ____ 8 holidays plus 2 half days _____ — ------9 holidays ___ — _______ ____ — 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____________________ 9 holidays plus 3 half days -------- --- — 10 h o lid a y s ----------------- — -------------------------- — 10 holidays plu s 1 half day -------------------------— 10 holidays p lu s 2 half d a y s ...................................... 11 h o lid a y s ____________________________________ (4) (4) 2 2 12 2 1 44 11 (4) 5 3 1 1 1 (4) 15 1 5 22 4 1 38 26 1 2 \ - (4) - 2 83 - - T o ta l h o lid a y tim e 8 11 days — ------- ---- ---- ---- — — 10*/z o r m o re days ------------- ---- ------- — _ 10 o r m o re d a y s ----------------------------------------------91/a o r m o re days -----------------------------------------9 o r m o re d a y s ------------------------------------------------8*/i o r m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------8 o r m o re days __ --------------------- — — — 7 l h o r m o re d a y s ------------------------—-----------------7 o r m o re days -----------------------------------------------61Iz o r m o re d a y s -------------------------------------------6 o r m o re d a y s --- ------------------- ---- — 5 o r m o re d a y s --- ------------------__ __ 4l /g o r m o re days __ ______ _ --------- -------2 o r m o re days _ ___ __ __ _ _ 1 z 5 4 * no Half 16 18 19 22 27 37 83 86 98 98 99 99 99 100 1 1 3 29 68 77 99 99 100 100 100 100 Includes d ata fo r w holesale trad e; re ta il trad e; finance, in su ran ce , and re a l e sta te; and se rv ic e s in addition to those in d u stry div ision s shown se p a rate ly . T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and o th e r public u tilitie s. Includes data for w holesale tra d e , re ta il tra d e , re a l e sta te , and se rv ic e s in addition to those in d u stry div ision s shown se p a rate ly . L e ss than 0. 5 p e rce n t. A ll com binations of full and half days th a t add to the sam e am ount a re com bined; for exam ple, the pro p o rtio n of w o rk e rs receivin g a to tal of 7 days includes those w ith 7 full days and days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. P ro p o rtio n s w ere then cum ulated. Table £-5, Pgfcl Vacations (P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of office and plant W orkers in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry div ision s by vacation pay pro v isio n s, New H aven, C onn., F e b ru a ry i960) V acation policy OFFICE WORKERS All industrial1 Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public Utilities 2 All industries * Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 . 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 65 32 3 . 100 52 44 4 . 100 100 - ■ “ " " - A fter 6 m onths of se rv ic e U nder 1 w eek — ----- . . . . 1 w eek — — — ----- ------— -----------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ------------------------— 2 w e e k s ---------------------— -------------------------- — 5 64 7 4 1 72 . 6 _ 65 2 " 28 22 1 1 34 17 . 1 _ 33 5 - A fter U nder 1 w eek 1 w eek — O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 3 w eeks . _ 18 . 82 - _ 16 84 “ _ 29 . 71 - 5 67 2 25 (B) 6 73 3 17 1 _ 62 . 38 - 3 8 87 1 1 7 93 _ - (*) 28 72 5 58 5 31 . 1 6 66 8 19 . 1 52 . 48 3 29 6 60 1 1 4 27 8 58 . 1 2 A ll w o rk e rs — ----- — — ------ ----------M e th o d o f p o y m i l W o rk ers in e stab lish m en ts providing paid v a c a t i o n s ---- — ------------------------— —... L en g th -o f-tim e paym ent —--------— --------P e rc e n ta g e p a y m e n t--------------—-------------F la t-s u m paym ent ------ --------------------- — O ther — — - — ------------------------------W o rk ers in esta b lish m e n ts providing ho paid v acations —--------------------------— — - . A m o u n t o f v o c a tio n p a y 4 1- y e a r of se rv ic e — — — 2 w e e k s -------------------—---— — . -------------. . . —— . _ A fter 2 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 1 w eek ~ . . . . 1 w eek ----- — -— — ---- ---- — ;----- ------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------- --------- 2 Weeks . . . . .. . . . . O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks -------------------------3 w eeks --------------------- _ _ A fter 3 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 1 w eek - 1 w eek . .. — — — . _ — O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks . . ------- — 2 w eeks — .. ------- .. _ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks -------------------------3 w eeks . ----------- . ------------ — O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks -------------------------See footnotes at end of tab le. _ 3 . 95 1 1 _ 6 . 94 - . - _ (•) 99 - - _ - _ 46 . 54 . - 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of office and plant w o rk e rs in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry divisions by vacation pay p ro v isio n s, New H aven, Conn. , F e b ru a ry i960) V acation policy PLANT WORKERS OFFICE W0RKER8 All industries1 Manufacturing Publio utilities 2 All industries2 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 . A m o unt o f v o c a tio n p a y 4 — C o n tin u e d A fter 5 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 1 w eek ---------- .-----------. ---------------- — — 1 w eek ... — -------_ . .. . 2 w eeks .......------------------... ---- ------ ----- ,----------O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks — --------— . — .. . 3 w eeks -----... — ----------------------Q ver 3 and un der 4 w eeks — . — ---------,— ..— A fter 10 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 2 w eeks ----------- — — 2 w eeks . . — ... O ver 2 and un der 3 w eeks .. 3 w eeks -.r____________ n ^ v— T 4 w eeks ---------------------,---------,------------------------ . (’) 93 5 2 - . 1 95 2 2 - _ 100 * - 3 5 86 1 4 l 4 5 84 2 3 2 99 1 - (8) 76 6 17 ■ 1 80 7 12 ■ . 87 13 " 8 68 4 19 1 9 72 5 12 2 . 72 . 27 1 A fter 15 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 2 w eeks ----- --------------------- —-------— — 2 w eeks «--------— ------_. O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks --------------------------— 3 w eeks ___— T------------------ T — — --------— r Q ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ---— —4 w eeks ---------------- —--------------------- ----------- -— (*) 7 88 4 ~ 1 8 89 2 ■ (*) 99 ■ 7 16 1 74 1 1 7 14 1 74 2 2 . 4 95 1 (*) 7 87 5 1 8 89 2 (*) 99 7 15 71 7 7 14 75 4 . 4 95 1 (•) 6' 64 1 29 1 7 44 2 46 3 4 13 50 1 29 4 3 11 51 2 29 p 4 77 19 A fter 20 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 2 w e e k s ---------- — --------------...--------------2 w eeks — ... . . — . ..----- ------------------------3 w eeks ---------------------------------------------------------4 w eeks ..— ,--------------------—--------- — --------------- A fter 25 y e a rs of se rv ic e U nder 1 w eek — ------...-----------------1 w eek ....-----------------*- — -------------------2 w e e k s --------- ------------—---------------- -----------------3 w eeks —-------- -----— -----------------—----------------O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks . . — ---- ------------------4 w eeks ------------------------------ ---- — - - (*) 88 H - - 1 Includes data for w holesale tra d e ; re ta il tra d e ; finance, in su ran ce , and re a l e state; and se rv ic e s in addition to tho se in d u stry divisions shown se p a rate ly , 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and o th er public u tilitie s, 2 Includes d ata for w holesale tra d e , re ta il tra d e , re a l e sta te , and se rv ic e s in addition to those in d u stry divisions shown se p a rate ly . 4 P e rio d s of se rv ic e w ere a rb itra rily c h o sfn and do not n e c e ssa rily re fle c t the individual p rov ision s for p ro g re ss io n s . F o r exam ple, the changes in pro p o rtio n s ind icated at 10 y e a rs ' se rv ic e include changes in p rov ision s o c c u rrin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a rs . s L ess than 0, 5 p e rce n t. NOTE; In the tabu latio ns of vacation allow ances by y e a rs of se rv ic e , paym ents oth er than "length of tim e ," such as p ercen tag e of annual e arnin gs o r flat-su m p ay m ents, w ere con verted to an equivalent tim e b asis; fo r exam ple, a paym ent of 2 p e rce n t of annual earnin gs w as co n sid ered as 1 w eek 's pay. 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s i n a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d i n i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g - h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f i t s , N e w H a v e n , C o n n ., F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e f it A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------- —----------------------- All Industrie*1 100 Manufacturing 100 PLANT WORKERS Publio utilities 2 100 All industries 3 100 Manufacturing Publio utilities 2 100 100 W o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L if e i n s u r a n c e ------- --------- --------- ----------- . A c c id e n t a l d e a t h a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------------------------------------S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 4 ---------------------------------------- 98 99 99 97 99 93 52 61 58 40 42 31 86 60 97 98 90 98 S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ---------S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y an d n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) -------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r tia l p a y o r w a i t i n g p e r io d ) ---------- - ----------- . . . . . 49 88 5 76 93 18 71 79 97 16 6 41 - - - 5 7 - H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e ----------------- . . — S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ------------ —------- — ----------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------------------C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e - ----------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n — ------------------------------- — N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n ------ 78 73 52 49 80 1 97 96 66 43 82 (•) 45 44 41 38 71 86 83 46 23 74 97 95 50 22 80 77 77 70 52 56 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e t a il tr a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to t h o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k - l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s 1 p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . I n fo r m a l s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a ii s a r e e x c lu d e d . * L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t. 17 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Biller, machine (hilling machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping* Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, ad justing and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class 4 — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super* vise others in filing and locating material in the files. May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B— Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination o f the follow ing: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders receiTed, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPUCATING-MACfflNE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate; and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position, Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A— Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B— Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some f ir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports op scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A— Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- TYPIST—-Continued tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B— Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E S S IO N A L A N D T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing .of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes;, conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE Perforins the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more them one engineer are excluded. D POWERPLANT FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is oermitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 23 PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND M ATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. men who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) TRUCKDRIVER Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: .Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail.establishm ents, or between retail establishm ents and customers9 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, andjceep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (llA to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U .S . G O VER N M ENT P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : I 9 6 0 0 — 5 5 4 6 2 4 O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u r v ey s Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1961. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Baltimore, Md., September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*7, price 15 cents Boston, Mass., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*8, price 25 cents Buffalo, N.Y., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*4, price 20 cents Canton, Ohio, December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*10, price 25 cents Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*31» price 25 cents Cleveland, Ohio, September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*1, price 20 cents Dallas, Tex., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*3* price 20 cents Dayton, Ohio, December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*9, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*11, price 25 cents Des Moines, Iowa, February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*30, price 25 cents Detroit, Mich., January I960—BJLS Bull. 1265*25, price 20 cents Fort Worth, Tex., November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*13, price 25 cents Indianapolis, Ind., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265*22, price 25 cents J ackson, Miss., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*26, price 25 cents acksonville, Fla., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*14, price 25 cents Kansas City, Mo.—Kans., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265*23, price 25 cents Memphis, Tenn., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265*19, price 25 cents Miami, Fla., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*6, price 20 cents Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265*21, price 25 cents Newark and Jersey City, N.J., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*28, price 25 cents Philadelphia, Pa., November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265—16, price 25 cents Pittsburgh, Pa., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*20, price 25 cents Portland, Maine, November 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*12, price 20 cents Richmond, Va., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*24, price 25 cents St. Louis, Mo., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*5, price 25 cents San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif., November 1959— BLS Bull. 1265*15, price 25 cents San Francisco—Oakland, Calif., January I960—BLS Bull. 1265*17, price 25 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*2, price 25 cents Sioux Falls, S. Dak., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*29, price 20 cents Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*18, price 25 cents York, Pa., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*27, price 25 cents
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