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Occupational Wage Survey UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commisaonar O ccu pational W age Su rvey M I N N E A P O L I S - S T . P A U L , M IN N E S O T A DECEMBER 1955 Bulletin No. 1H8 8-8 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner M a r c h 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Page Introduction ____________________________________________________________ .______________________________ W a g e trends for selected occupational g r o u p s ________________________________________________________ 1 3 Tables: 1. 2. A: B: Establishments and w o r k e r s within scope of s u r v e y ---------------------------------------Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical an d average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, and percent of increase for selected p e r i o d s --------- --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 3 Occupational earnings * A - 1: Office occupations ____________________________________________________________________ A-2: Professional and technical occupations ______________________________________________ A-3: Mai n t e n a n c e and powerplant occupations _____ A-4: Custodial and m a t e rial-movement occupations ______________________________________ 5 8 9 10 E s t ablishment practices, and s u p p l e mentary w a g e provisions * B-l: Shift differential provisions___________________________________________________________ B-2: M i n i m u m entrance rates for w o m e n office w o r k e r s _________________________________ B-3: Scheduled w eekly hours ______________________________________________________________ B-4: P a i d holidays _______ B -5: P a i d vacations ______ B-6: Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________ 12 13 14 14 15 17 Appendix: Job descriptions___________________________________________________________________________ 19 * NOTE: Similar tabulations for m o s t of these items are available in the Minneapolis-St. Paul are a reports for N o v e m b e r in 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1954. T h e 1953 report also provides tabu lations of w a g e structure characteristics, l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a greement s , and over t i m e p a y p r o visions. T h e 1954 report also included data on frequency of w a g e pa y m e n t s , and p a y provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other m a j o r areas, is available u p o n request. C u r r e n t reports on occupational earnings and suppl e m e n t a r y w a g e practices in the M i n neapolisSt. Paul area are also available for m a c h i n e r y industries ( D e c e m b e r 1955), hotels (July 1955), p o w e r laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), and office building service (June 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailing p a y levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local transit operating e m ployees, and mo t o r t r u c k drivers. O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u rv ey - M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l, M in n . * I n tr o d u c tio n T he M in n e a p o lis -S t. in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h S ta tis tic s con d u cted b e n e fits . In fie ld a g en ts each to d iv is io n s : fin a n c e , oth er e x c lu d e d a ls o and h a v in g to o b ta in e d u t ilit ie s ; esta te; e a r n in g s *1 b e s id e s and th e of L a bor r e la te d w age b roa d tra d e; n um ber broad r e ta il of w ork ers p o s s ib le , in d u s tr y B eca u se th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s a m p le of of do E s t a b lis h m e n t g o v e rn u n n e ce ssa ry su rv ey s c o s t in v o lv e d p r o m p t p u b lic a t io n m um is co s t, a s tu d ie d th e In th e ir a re con d u cted in T o p r o p o r t io n c o m b in in g a re g r o u p in g th e le c te d sep a ra te to ta b u la th a n a re a , 2 b eca u se as a ll based r e la tin g excep t fo r to of th e and th e to a ll th o se w o rk e rs ” in s u r e c lu d in g p la n t tr a tiv e , a ccou n t fo rc e a re e s t a b lis h m e n t s b e lo w th e and T he is a ccou n t (s e e and b a sed of tio n s : on fo r (in (a ) n a n ce s e le c te d fo r a u n ifo r m set lis tin g of of com m on d e s c r ip tio n s in A -s e r ie s ta b le s ) c le r ic a l; (b ) fo r d u tie s th e to a v a r ie ty and of O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i d e s ig n e d w it h in d e s c r ip tio n s ). th e and jo b v a r ia t io n th e se O ffic e a n d p o w e r p la n t ; stu d y a r e in d u s t r ie s . th e E a r n in g s fo llo w in g p r o fe s s io n a l and ty p es te c h n ic a l; a r e g u la r E a r n in g s to ta k e sam e jo b d a ta a re of o ccu p a (c) m a in te (b ) h o lid a y s , a ls o , c lu d e d . but W h ere r e fe r e n c e fo r e a r n in g s h a lf and is w h ic h fo r in p r e m iu m la te w e e k ly h o u r s c u p a tio n s , ly fu ll-t im e to th e a re o v e r t im e o c c u p a tio n s and in c e n tiv e as s c h e d u le s s a la r ie s have th o se and N o n p r o d u c tio n rep orted , th e w o r k i. e. , fo r lis h m e n t s h a v in g been u sed o r, w as h ir e d w ork on an in d ic a te o f th e in th e e s fro m r e la tiv e o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s d a ta . P r o v is io n s and e m p lo y e e s G a fe te r ia B -s e r ie s ta b le s ) ’’o ffic e and and in n o n o f f ic e a re u sed e m p lo y e e s , and in c lu d e d as a rou tem en as in a d ’ ’P l a n t w ork ers fu n c tio n s . u t iliz e d w ork ers a s s e r e la te e x c lu d e s te c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l. te c h n ic a l w ho but a re w o r k e r s ,” e m p lo y e e s on a s th ey an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y en gaged p r o fe s s io n a l, v a c a tio n s ; to t ic a lly on a q u a lify fo r v id u a l ite m s c le r ic a l o c th e a re (in A d m in is and fo r c e - sep a ra te w ork e x c lu d e d p la n t w o r k e r s m en ts, w eek n ea rest at th e n o am ount a re at lim it e d b oth in in in n o n m a n to m a n u fa c t u r in g term s of o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r on th e d iffe r e n t ia ls , en tra n ce T h ey a p p lie d b a s is in th e b a s is tim e of (a ) of w ork ers th e e sta b e m p lo y m e n t, su rvey. a c t u a lly In esta b th e a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r ity to c la s s ific a tio n a d is c r e tio n b a s is . th a t m a jo r ity , su ch a re th e a re p la n s of not p la n s is e m p lo y e r . to p a id a ll p la n t or lim it e d o ff to esta b ra th er p a id s ta tis or m ay r o u n d in g , S e p a ra te th e trea ted n e c e s s a r ily t im e to h o lid a y s ; a re e lig ib le do w h ereb y o n ly e s ta b lis h m e n t, h ou rs; B eca u se o f v a c a tio n p la n s r e la te an a p p lic a b le w ork ers lis t e d . 4 th e on a n d p e n s io n ta b u la tio n s in fo r m a l B -2 ) S c h e d u le d th ese of th ese of (ta b le p resen ted in s u r a n c e , su m m a ry e x c lu d in g ra tes a re th e p r a c t ic e s T he n ea rest th e v a r ie d m a jo r ity in a v era g e term s s h ift h e a lth , th e if in B -l) p resen ted p resen ted if and on w ork ers (ta b le is s p e c ifie d e m p lo y m e n t e x to term fo re m e n t r a in e e s ) v is it e d . a re rou n d ed to W age th e c le r ic a l p r a c tic e , M in im u m lis h m e n ts a re to am on g u sed . b on u ses p a id ; (in p r o fe s s io n a l, 3 p resen ted th e e a r n in g s (ro u n d e d a re fo r o ffic e o n ly s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits The in fo r m a tio n e ffe c tiv e ’ ’o t h e r ” o c c u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . fo r bon u ses s t r a ig h t-t im e th ese w ork e rs, g iv e n pay s h ifts . c o s t-o f-liv in g h a lf h ou r) fo r s c h e d u le e x c lu d e T h is on w as (d ) c u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t . sh ow n w e e k ly d a ta w eek en d s, c lu d e d a re a ll in d u s tr ie s . e m p lo y e d th a n D a ta stru ctu re d iffe r e n c e s a ccu ra cy a ls o and o ffic e in d u s tr ie s , lis h m e n t p o lic y , in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t a p p e n d ix p resen ted and e x c lu d e d . in d u s tr ie s . n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in m in im u m E a r n in g s o c c u p a tio n s m a n u fa c tu r in g w o rk a re a ll w o r k in g e x e c u tiv e , u fa c tu r in g in p resen ted S h ift d iff e r e n t i a l d a ta O c c u p a t io n s th e tota l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d S u p p le m e n ta r y w o rk e rs. c o n s tr u c tio n s tu d ie d . c a t io n a ffe c t and e x e c u tiv e , in c lu d e m a n u fa c tu r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts is in c lu d e s le a d m e n a t m in i e s t a b lis h m e n t s on m a te r ia lly se rv e T h ese th e n o t th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly o c c u p a tio n a l s tu d ie d s tu d ie d . P r a c tic e s b u lle tin , e s ta b lis h m e n ts a ccu ra cy of s m a ll h ow ever, E s tim a te s th e r e fo r e , and b a s is in o f o c c u p a tio n a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s o ffic e th is d iv is io n s . a p p ro p r ia te la r g e d a ta , s a m p le jo b s I n fo r m a tio n o m it o c c u p a tio n s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s , a n d o b ta in of w e ig h t. p re se n ted , on a s u r v e y in g r e s u lts . a p p r o p r ia te in d u s tr y s iz e o f g re a te r s tu d ie d . g iv e n a re th e re p re se n t stu d y an d E sta b m in is tr a tiv e , T h ese e s t im a t e s n ot e s t im a t e s o f th e o f d iffe r e n c e s th e stru ctu re tra d e; sco p e t a b lis h m e n ts , im p o r ta n c e c o m w it h in th e in d u s try a re th e su rv ey ed . in d u s tr y in d u s tr ie s . e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h m e n t s B u rea u M a jo r r a ilr o a d s , e x t r a c t iv e o f r a ilr o a d s ), s e r v ic e s . W h erever of s ix O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t im p o rta n t B u rea u and w it h in w h o le s a le in s u ffic ie n t ea ch se v e ra l (e x c lu d in g th a n a p r e s c r ib e d fo r of L a b o r ’s b y p e r s o n a l v is its and s tu d ie s , c o n s tr u c tio n in c lu s io n . p r o v id e d one e s t a b lis h m e n t s th ese th e y fu r n is h w a rra n t a re is tr a n s p o r t a t io n rea l th e fe w e r b eca u se s tu d ie d tio n s a re p u b lic and fro m o p e r a tio n s lis h m e n t s ted and a rea D ep a rtm en t o f o f o c c u p a tio n a l d a ta r e p r e s e n ta tiv e in s u r a n c e , grou p s m en t su rv ey s a re a , M a n u fa c t u r in g ; m u n ic a t io n , P aul th e o ffic e e v e n tu a lly sum s o f in d i equal to t a ls . fo rm a l a r r a n g e w ith pay e s t im a t e s is a re gra n ted p r o v id e d d o lla r . 3 * C h ic a g o , V ota v a , T h is re p o rt III. , b y w as W ood row R e g io n a l W a g e 1 S ee ta b le 2 T he ta b u la tio n w o rk e rs r e la te s p rep a red 1 o n ly fo r and C . in L in n , th e under th e In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s m in im u m -s iz e of B u rea u ’s m in im u m to p r o v is io n s d ir e c tio n of o ffic e in e ith e r G eorg e E . o f th e A n a ly s t . e s ta b lis h m e n t en tra n ce in r e g io n a l ra tes e s t a b lis h m e n t s fo r w om en ta b le o ffic e e s t a b lis h m e n t th e fo llo w in g su rv ey , 4 co v e re d . A n of or S c h e d u le d B -3 ) a re 1 (2 ) h a d in c o n s id e r e d (l) as h ou rs in o ffic e s fo r term s w it h th e th e la te c o v e r in g o ffic e o f h a v in g a O p era ted fo r m a l p r o v is io n s w e e k ly p resen ted w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d w o rk e rs . s tu d ie d . w as c o n d it io n s : la te w o rk e rs p r o p o r tio n in d ic a te d p o lic y s h ifts it th e m et t im e s h ifts . (fir s t of if at s e c t io n w om en w e e k ly h o u r s fo r of o ffic e w om en 2 a c c o r d in g as tim e to e m p lo y e r p a y m en ts, H ow ever, in p a y m en ts not of 2 th e 1 w e e k 's of t im e c o m p u tin g annual o f v a c a tio n b a s is annual in of ta b u la tio n s on a p ercen t p r a c tic e p e rcen t w ere e a r n in g s v a c a tio n e a r n in g s , a llo w a n c e s con v erted ; w as or by fo r p a y m en ts, fla t -s u m y ea rs e x a m p le , c o n s id e r e d as th e su ch a m ou n ts. w it h b e n e fits s ic k -le a v e a 6f s e r v ic e , pay a paym en t b eca u se e q u iv a le n t of or (l) of p la n s D a ta fo r e x c e p tin g s o c ia l o n ly d ir e ctly life le g a l fo r a and e m p lo y e r th is fo r p art a ll su ch in c lu d e th ose h e a lth , o f th e r e q u ir e m e n ts S u ch p la n s com p an y b y th e a s id e p resen ted a t le a s t s e c u r ity . in s u r a n c e set a re w h ic h as th o se p r o v id e d out of cu rre n t p u rp o se. co st D ea th in s u r a n c e , is b orn e w o r k m e n 's o p e r a tin g b e n e fits a re a th e p e n s io n e m p lo y e r , c o m p e n s a tio n u n d e r w r itte n th rou g h and by by a u n io n fu n d s o r fro m as a o r p a id a fu n d fo rm of su ran ce th e under in s u r e d d is a b ilit y . e m p lo y e r have w h ic h on m o re is T able 1: is or ca sh m o n th ly p resen ted H ow ever, te m p o ra ry th a n in s u r a n c e p r e d e t e r m in e d I n fo r m a tio n c o n t r ib u tio n s , 5 tr ib u te s a c c id e n t a w e e k ly c o n t r ib u te s . en a cted p lo y e r and in d is a b ility p la n s le g a lly a re is lim ite d p a y m en ts b a s is fo r N ew a ll su ch Y ork and r e q u ir e d , or p la n s N ew (2 ) or to d ir e c tly a c c id e n t pay o r w ho or and a of p a id r e c e iv e n o th e p la n s d u r in g a re la w . T a b u la tio n s w h ic h p r o v id e a b sen ce p r o v id e d w a itin g p e r io d , fro m a c c o r d in g and (2 ) w a itin g p e r io d . In w o rk e rs w h o p r o v id e d s ic k e ith e r a re a d d itio n to p la n s to th e s ic k n e s s le a v e , an u n d u p lic a te d b oth ty p es o f b e n e fit. or fu ll w ork tota l is th e in s u r a n c e , e m p lo y e e s n orm a l in ca se cov era g e in s u r a n c e d o c to r s ' su ra n ce s o m e t im e s th o se o f s ic k n e s s p la n s and r e fe r s to p la n s fe e s . S u ch T a b u la t io n s th a t p r o v id e or p la n s n o n p r o fit be a re in v o lv in g m e d ic a l, p r o v id in g m ay r e fe r r e d w h ic h in ju r y o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , c o m p a n ie s in s u r e d . p la n s in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s fo r and exp en ses c o m p le te o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n m o n th ly p a y m e n ts fo r th e or by or p la n s as ex ten d ed to p r o t e c t beyon d s u r g ic a l p la n s . u n d e r w r it t e n o r g a n iz a t io n s to d e s ig n e d p a r tia l p a y m e n t c o m m e r c ia l th ey a re m a y lim it e d r e m a in d e r th e M ed of th e in be s e lf- to th o se w o r k e r 's life . w h ic h r e q u ir e th e in w h ic h e m p lo y e r p r o v id e s of J e rse y , w h ic h if th e ty p e m ade illn e s s la w s o n ly th a t a re d u r in g in s u r a n c e in c lu d e d to in s u r a n c e C a ta stro p h e m e d ic a l ica l in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s p a y th e p r o p o r t io n s of w ork ers pay ta b u la tio n s fu ll of fo rm a l w o r k e r 's S e p a ra te p a r tia l to and of to a c c id e n t sh ow n c o m m e r c ia l fu n d in c lu d e d and o f r e q u ir e m e n ts lim it e d th e p r o v id e e ith e r th e a re of illn e s s . w h ic h p r e s e n ta tio n p la n s ex ceed p la n s p r o p o r t io n p r o v id in g pay. w h ic h o f p a id (l) e m 5 co n e m p lo y e e do not T h e tem p ora ry r e q u ir e d is a b ilit y e m p lo y e r la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode I s la n d c o n tr ib u tio n s . E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b er stu d ied in M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l, M inn. , 1 by m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv is io n , D e c e m b e r 1955 Industry d iv is io n A ll d i v i s i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------M anu facturing — -------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu r in g -----------------------------------------------------------T ra n sp o rta tio n (e x clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s 4— -----W h olesa le t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------R e ta il t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------F in a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ---------------------S e r v ic e s 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------- M inim um s iz e e s t a b lis h m en t in s c o p e o f study 2 51 N um ber W ithin scop e of study 950 51 51 395 555 51 51 51 51 51 65 127 197 86 80 of W o rk e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts e sta b lish m en ts W ithin s c o p e o f study Studied Studied O ffic e P lan t 2 2 7 ,3 0 0 4 6 ,6 0 0 1 4 0 ,9 0 0 1 3 8 ,9 5 0 148 11 3 ,2 0 0 11 4,10 0 1 6 ,2 0 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 7 7 ,2 0 0 6 3 ,7 0 0 6 9 ,4 8 0 6 9 ,4 7 0 23 37 40 29 19 2 5 ,8 0 0 17, 100 4 2 ,1 0 0 1 8 ,4 0 0 1 0 ,7 0 0 1 6 ,4 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 3 2 ,0 0 0 5 1 ,2 0 0 2 0 ,3 1 0 T o t a l3 234 86 4 ,5 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 1 3 ,3 0 0 (7 ) T o ta l3 n 8 ,2 0 0 2 5 ,8 9 0 1 1 ,9 7 0 3 ,1 0 0 1 The M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l M e tr o p o lita n A r e a (A noka, D akota, H ennepin, and R a m se y C ou n tie s). The "w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f stu d y " e s tim a te s show n in this table p ro v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d ed in the su rv e y . The estim a te s a r e not in ten d ed , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a sis o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p loy m en t tren d s o r le v e ls s in c e ( l) planning o f w age s u rv e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v an ce o f the p ay p e r io d stu d ied and (2) s m a ll esta b lish m e n ts a r e ex clu d ed fr o m the sc o p e o f the su rv e y . Includes a ll e sta b lish m e n ts w ith tota l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll outlets (within the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in s u ch in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o tio n -p ic t u r e th e a te rs a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 esta b lish m e n t. 3 Includes e x e c u tiv e , te c h n ic a l, p r o f e s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s ex clu d ed fr o m the s e p a ra te o ff ic e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 4 A ls o e x clu d e s ta x ic a b s , and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w a te r tra n sp o r ta tio n . 5 E stim a te r e la t e s to r e a l esta te e sta b lish m e n ts on ly . 6 H otels; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir sh op s; r a d io b r o a d c a s tin g and te le v is io n ; m otion p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and en g in eerin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 7 This in d u stry d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A and B t a b le s , alth ou gh c o v e r a g e w as in s u ffic ie n t ju s tify sep a ra te p re s e n ta tio n o f data. 2 to 3 W age T a b u la te d b e lo w ca l w o rk e rs , and F o r w e e k ly s c h e d u le fo r th e e x c lu d in g d a y s, k ey la te o c c u p a tio n s w it h in each in d e x ; 10 in p la n t th e and o r h o u r ly and e a r n in g s o f g iv e n y e a r to 1 9 5 2 -5 3 ) w as (1 0 0 ) get to s a la r ie s th e th e T a b le 2: and fo r and fo r w ork th e n u m e r ic a lly of w ere jo b s in c lu d e d and See 3 u n s k ille d fo o tn o te s to th en th e b y th e th e jo b . to o b ta in r a tio of th ese th e b a s e r e s u lt m u ltip lie d b y th e g iv e n p e r io d tu rn o v e r o r in c re a s e p a tio n and in d e x e s th e m ea su re ch a n ges; fo r c e th e p r o p o r tio n p lo y e d in d e x e s w age in d iv id u a l e x p a n s io n r e s u lt in lo w e r a ls o a jo b s w ere in c lu d e d oth er a rea a to th e sa m e in th e fo rc e th e no (l) ch an ge (3 ) r e la b o r e x p a n s io n m ig h t o c c u s p e c ific a in pay a r e d u c t io n o p p o s ite out gen eral in and o f le v e ls . e s ta b lis h m e n t th ou g h in p r o p o r t io n pay o f jo b ; w h erea s have d iffe r e n t h ig h -p a y in g A w o rk e rs in d e x , w o u ld s h ifts even in p a id th e e ffe c ts in c re a s e s of in th e e ffe c t. The w ork ers e m F o r an ra tes e x a m p le , area c o u ld o ccu rre d in e s ta b lis h m e n t s . 2. e a r n in g s a vera ge w ere s a la r ie s o f N o v e m b e r 1952 e a r n in g s a g g reg a te fo r a g g reg a tes (s u r v e y m on th , th e b a s e fo r each fo r T he o f ch an ges c lu d e d in sta n d a rd a re u se in b a sed th e on o f c o n s t a n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h t s th e p r o p o r tio n in d e x . w ork N or s c h e d u le s pay fo r o f a re o r in w ork ers th e in d e x e s p r e m iu m s tr a ig h t-tim e e lim in a te s rep resen ted in in flu e n c e d pay th e each by e ffe c ts jo b in ch an ges fo r o v e r t im e , fo r w ork ers s in c e in th ey h ou rs. a w in te r y ea r in d e x y ea r. In d ex es la b o r m a rk ets, B e n e fits , 17 fo r th e p e r io d a p p eared L a b or in M a rk ets, 1952 B L S to 1955 B u ll. 1172, W ages in and 17 m a jo r R e la te d 1 9 5 4 -5 5 - In d exes o f standard w eek ly s a la r ie s f o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l 1 and a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d plant o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p s* in M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l, M in n ., N o v e m b e r 1954 and D e c e m b e r 1955 and p e r c e n t o f in c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s Ind exes (N o v e m b e r 1952 = 100) In d u stry and o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p N o v e m b e r 1953 to N o v e m b e r 1954 N o v e m b e r 1952 to N o v e m b e r 1953 1 1 0 .2 1 1 1 .6 3 .8 4 .9 4 .9 3 .3 3 .3 4 .9 6 .6 6 .7 7 .9 6 .4 8 .1 2 1 .7 2 4 .6 2 6 .6 109. 6 10 8.1 1 1 0 .9 3 .4 5 .4 4 .2 3 .6 1 .4 4 .8 5 .8 6 .7 5 .8 9 .1 9 .4 7 .2 2 3 .6 2 4 .6 2 3 .8 N ovem ber 1954 All in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en ) S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m en) U n s k ille d p lan t ( m e n ) _________________________________ 114. 1 115. 5 117. 1 Manuf a c tur in g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en ) ______________________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n ce (m en) U n s k ille d p lant (m en ) 1 1 3 .3 113. 9 115. 5 B a s e d on data f o r the fo llo w in g jo b s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ): B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m ach in e) B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B C o m p to m e te r o p e r a to r s C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A and B C le r k s , o r d e r C le r k s , p a y r o ll K e y -p u n ch o p e r a to r s O ffic e g ir ls S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l S w itch b o a r d o p e r a to r s S w itch b o a r d o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g en era l T y p is t s , c l a s s A and B P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m — N ov em b er 1954 to D e c e m b e r 1955 D ecem b er 1955 in w it h d rop , th e oth er r e d u c t io n . w o rk e rs by o r w h ile lo w e r d rop p a id a ffe c te d of in d e x m e r it o r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s m ovem en t p r in c ip a lly (2 ) w ork ers p r o p o r tio n of a re by th e grou p fo r by ca u se w e ig h te d th e c e iv e d c le r ic a l T he an jo b s and o ffic e a vera ge added h o li s e le cte d im p o rta n t h o u r ly T h ese w ork e a r n in g s , fo r T he s a la r y th e ta b le average m u ltip lie d in a vera ge p la n t w o r k e r d a ta O c c u p a t io n a l G r o u p s c le r i w eek en d s, m ost jo b s to h o u r ly on on S e le c te d g rou p s. sta n d a rd F o r b a sed or w ere th e p a id . o c c u p a tio n s . a g g reg a te in d e x are o ffic e r e la te is , s t r a ig h t-t im e s e le c te d F in a lly , com p u ted in th a t are 1 9 5 3 e m p l o y m e n t in g rou p . in d e x e s s a la r ie s th e w e re th en in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n s o c c u p a tio n a l th e fo r p la n t w o r k e r in d e x e s in d e x e s . w e e k ly ea ch N ov em b er in c lu d e o f w om en s e le c te d o f w ork , o v e r tim e T h e E ig h te e n w o rk er fo r fo r s a la r ie s of ch an ges m a in te n a n c e A v e ra g e com p u ted m ea su re pay grou p . s k ille d h ou rs s t r a ig h t-t im e s h ifts . o f w o rk e rs, n orm a l in d e x e s p r e m iu m and in d e x e s e a r n in g s c le r ic a l fo r w h ic h a re a v era g e o ffic e s a la r ie s g ro u p s, o f T ren d s 1 0 9 .9 6 .3 2 B a se d on data f o r the fo llo w in g jo b s : S k ille d m ain ten a n ce (m e n ): C a r p e n te rs E le c t r ic ia n s M a ch in is ts M e ch a n ic s M e c h a n ic s , au tom otiv e M illw rig h ts P a in te r s P ip e fitt e r s S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s T o o l and d ie m a k e rs U n s k illed p lant (m e n ): J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling W atch m en N o v e m b e r 1951 to N o v e m b e r 1952 N ov em b er 1951 to D e c e m b e r 1955 A : Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l: Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is i n M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M in n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) Avxbaqb NU M BER OF W ORKERS RECEIVIN G S TRAIG H T-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS OF— Number of S ex, o ccu p a tion , and in d u stry d iv ision workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) Under $ 35.0 0 $ $ 3 5 .0 0 4 0.0 0 and under 40. 00 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 5.0 0 $ 50.00 $ 55.0 0 $ 6 0.0 0 $ 65.00 $ 70.00 $ 75.00 $ 8 0.0 0 $ 8 5.0 0 $ 90.00 $ $ 9S00 100.00 $ 105.00 $ 110.00 $ 115.00 and 50.0 0 55.0 0 60.0 0 65.0 0 70.00 7 5.0 0 8 0.0 0 8 5.0 0 9 0.0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 over M en C le r k s , a ccou n tin g, c la s s A ___ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _ M a n u factu rin g----------------------------------------- _ -------- __ _ N onm anufacturing ------- __ ------- __ ________ ____ _ W h olesa le trade ----- ----------------------- --------------------- 621 253 368 131 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 79.50 78. 50 80.00 73. 50 _ - _ - _ _ - - 3 3 - 24 10 14 6 64 23 41 27 71 24 47 17 76 37 39 22 87 50 37 11 103 42 61 36 59 29 30 10 50 12 38 1 C le r k s , a ccou n tin g, c la s s B __ __ __ ____ __ ____ _ M anufacturing _ __ __ _ ____ ____ ____ __ _ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _______ ___________ ___ ___ ___ __ _ 332 108 224 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9.5 63.00 63.00 63.00 _ _ - _ _ - 5 _ 5 8 1 7 38 17 21 59 13 46 89 31 58 66 28 38 46 13 33 19 5 14 2 2 _ > - - C le r k s , o r d e r ___ _______________ __ _____ __ _____ __ _ M a n u factu rin g__________________________ __________ N onm anufacturing _____________________ __ __ __ __ _ W holesa le trade __ __ _ _ _ 485 145 340 262 4 0.0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 76.00 76.50 75.50 75.00 _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 2 2 - 5 2 3 - 38 5 33 28 41 18 23 22 58 30 28 24 55 10 45 31 71 4 67 48 130 31 99 85 47 22 25 10 O ffice b o y s ___ __ _ _ . . . __ M a n u factu rin g___ ___________ _____________________ _ N onm anufacturing _____________________________________ 220 67 153 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 46.00 45.50 4 6.00 30 7 23 75 28 47 75 19 56 19 4 15 13 8 5 2 1 1 2 _ 2 _ _ " . _ - 4 - T abu latin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs _________________________ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g_____________ ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ___________ ________________________ F in a n ce «* ----------------------------------------------------------------- 337 112 225 166 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9.0 3 8 .5 69.50 74.50 67.00 64.00 _ > " 2 _ 2 2 31 1 30 27 20 _ 20 18 24 5 19 15 43 12 31 28 38 16 22 15 46 20 26 24 _ _ _ _ 186 173 43 60 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0.0 52.00 51.50 60.50 49.00 _ - 3 3 _ 3 27 27 2 13 49 49 3 11 47 47 15 22 32 24 4 11 12 7 3 - 2 2 2 - B i l l e r s , m achine (bookkeeping m ach in e) ___ ____ __ _ N onm anufacturing _____________________ ___________ _ 96 96 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 56.00 56.00 _ _ - - 7 7 36 36 15 15 17 17 2 2 _ 143 3 9.5 62.00 _ _ 1 33 29 B ook k e e p in g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B ___ .. . _____ .... ...... Manuf ac tur i n g ______ ____________________________________ N onm anufacturing _______________________________ ____ W holes ale trade _________________________________ _ R e ta il trade _________________________________________ F in a n ce * * _ ... _ ... _ 864 236 628 137 141 317 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9.0 52.00 58.00 50.00 54.00 53.00 46.50 31 31 _ 1 30 149 6 143 13 17 109 164 16 148 18 27 101 227 70 157 46 40 47 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A _________ _________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g___ _____________________________________ N onm anufacturing _____________________________________ F in a n c e * * ___ . ___ _ 595 118 477 91 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 38. 5 66.50 63.50 “ 67.00 66.00 - - 7 _ 7 - 13 5 8 1 C le r k s , a cco u n tin g , c la s s B ----------------------------------------- _ 2 ,1 7 4 M a n u factu rin g_____________________________________ __ _ 374 N onm anufacturing ---------------------------- -----------------1,800 P u b lic u tilities * ________ 391 W h olesa le trade _________________ ________ __ __ _ 212 R e ta il trade _________________________________________ 485 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9.0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 52.00 54.50 51.50 57.00 53.00 50.50 4 _ 4 _ _ 3 137 _ 137 _ 8 25 369 48 321 33 28 122 409 60 349 63 41 113 - 47 22 25 - 21 3 18 1 9 1 8 - . _ _ - 30 21 9 9 4 _ _ - 66 20 46 25 38 25 13 8 15 10 5 4 10 10 10 - 3 3 3 - 1 1 1 - _ 4 4 1 1 14 14 26 40 7 4 161 55 106 35 47 24 81 59 22 16 1 4 30 18 12 9 1 4 3 1 _ 1 12 4 8 _ 8 - 48 15 33 1 110 26 84 24 124 28 96 23 58 12 46 9 113 17 96 15 566 130 436 106 40 94 287 51 236 42 52 58 186 41 145 53 26 27 123 28 95 36 11 35 54 12 42 31 6 - 6 _ 6 - 1 _ 1 - _ „ _ _ - - - * _ _ - 2 _ 2 2 3 . 3 - . _ 3 _ - _ - _ - _ - 7 _ 7 - 6 2 4 - 1 1 - _ - “ - _ . _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 3 3 - - _ - _ - _ _ W om en B i l l e r s , m achine (b illin g m achine) __ _______________ N onm anufacturing __________________ _______________ P u b lic u tilities * --------------------------------------------------R eta il trade __________________ _______________ __ B ook k e e p in g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A ________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ S e e fo o tn o te at en d o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . * * F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and re a l e s ta te . - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ 3 _ _ - _ 5 5 _ - _ - _ _ - _ - _ * _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 69 8 61 14 23 2 21 - 13 4 9 4 16 16 - _ - _ - 1 1 . _ - _ - 38 3 35 27 8 _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 1 - - - _ - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - - _ _ ~ ■ - “ _ ~ - _ - - - _ - - . - _ _ ■ Occupational Wage Survey, Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., December 1955 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 6 Table A-1i_Office Occupations - Continued (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , by industry division, December 1955) A verage Sex, occu p a tion , and industry d ivision Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y EAR N IN G S OF— Under $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 and under 4 Q, 0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 S 6 5 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 7 5.0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5.0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 95. 00 67 53 14 54 23 514 306 79 435 24 46 58 241 103 111 21 $ $ 100.00 $ 105.00 $ 9 5.00 110.00 $ 1 1 5 . 0C 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 over $ and W o m e n - C o n tin u e d C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________ 246 133 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B _________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __________________ R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________ F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------- 1 ,2 2 7 246 C l e r k s , o r d e r ______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________ R e t a i l t r a d e -------------------------------------- 261 80 181 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ___________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________ R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________ 576 2 90 286 57 67 C om ptom eter op e ra to rs M anu factu ring_______ N onm anufacturing ___ W holesale trade _ R etail trade _____ 780 D uplicating-m achine o p era tors (m im eograph o r ditto) ______ N onm anufacturing __________ K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ______________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ____________________________________________ O ff ic e g ir ls _________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________ ________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________________________ R e t a il tr a d e __________________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ____________________________________________ S e c r e t a r ie s _________________________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________________________ R e t a il tr a d e __________________________________________ F in a n ce * * ____________________________________________ 113 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 $ 5 5 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 6.0 0 - _ - - 6 31 3 28 205 36 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 4 4 .0 0 4 7 . 50 4 9 .0 0 4 4 .0 0 4 2 .5 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 4 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 4 0 .0 40.(3 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 5 9 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 0 . 50 6 5 . 50 5 8.0 0 _ 206 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 5 7.0 0 5 8 .0 0 574 254 206 39-0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 5 6 .5 0 5 6 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 84 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 0 .5 0 981 53 158 170 502 101 92 54 657 187 470 67 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 269 3 9 .0 426 61 3 9.0 365 31 47 235 1 ,9 4 0 STZ~ 1 ,1 2 8 149 265 222 317 4 4 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 6 - 4 1 .5 0 4 3 .0 0 8 19 111 _ 22 90 12 37 8 - - - 103 70 65 38 27 48 20 9 10 2 9 9 17 3 9 2 - 144 52 39 105 54 21 5 12 1 1 52 114 5 154 43 129 79 38 111 25 19 95 40 34 18 1 52 4 29 15 6 9 3 21 9 4 2 54 30 3 7 - - - 5 _ _ _ 2 _ _ 3 _ - - - _ _ _ 12 4 - - _ _ _ 16 9 3 1 _ _ 1 8 _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ 1 _ - 11 - 3 - - - 27 16 54 _ _ _ . 22 15 3 11 2 6 53 4 47 10 10 8 2 3 3 - 2 _ 31 1 1 - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ _ - _ _ - 1 _ - _ - - - - _ _ _ 2 1 - - - _ - _ _ - 1 1 - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - - 21 11 - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - 6 _ - - - _ 21 _ _ _ 2 163 _ _ - 4 175 12 _ _ 1 2 16 78 _ 1 16 19 67 _ - 56 _ 28 94 _ 36 33 _ - - 14 - - 1 51 57 _ . _ _ 3 56 172 38 134 6 - - 20 10 10 8 1 134 _ 10 1 56 33 23 128 _ _ _ 91 43 48 4 25 29 8 - 133 73 60 7 _ _ _ 99 50 11 _ - _ _ 10 9 - _ _ 24 4 1 _ _ _ _ 13 4 - _ _ 12 6 _ - _ 19 47 25 49 _ _ _ _ 20 _ _ _ _ _ - 29 _ _ _ _ 10 4 15 34 _ _ - 2 - _ _ . _ _ _ 14 4 16 29 - 4 - _ 1 _ 61 37 _ 1 _ _ 25 _ _ . « 66 _ - . _ _ 29 11 12 1 - 2 _ - _ - 4 2 6 _ - 12 1 47 _ - 29 - 1 _ - 4 98 67 31 36 - _ - 48 34 23 _ _ - 3 2 1 1 1 - 3 _ - 2 2 1 8 2 22 22 - _ 4 9 - 1 _ 48 _ - 2 2 41 l6 25 29 3 26 26 _ _ 154 _ 142 45 _ 10 12 3 2 2 2 2 2 14 130 25 77 4 - 22 1 1 - 4 0 .0 0 3 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 68. _ _ _ 7 3 3 _ 66 17 _ 74 14 18 5 108 13 47 15 31 92 33 35 41 26 15 27 154 135 84 68 _ _ _ _ 428 176 252 158 _ _ _ _ 86 12 398 153 245 14 2 62 _ _ _ 17 _ 307 94 213 38 32 1 6 10 11 3 3 1 2 2 _ _ _ 4 1 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 4 1 .5 0 38. 5 50 7 0 . 50 66. 50 6 9 - 50 68. 50 6 5.0 0 _ 8 _ 68.00 See footnotes at end o f table. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu din g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. 203 7 24 54 8 3 5 61 35 26 6 10 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 _ 13 34 5 1 .5 0 5 0 .5 0 5 4 . 50 4 9 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 4 8 .0 0 169 _ 31 _ - _ " 3 5 4 43 49 71 61 76 ” 23 64 43 76 22 51 7 14 14 35 16 9 17 _ > _ 3 _ - 11 - 9 18 5 7 _ _ _ 3 11 1 3 - _ _ _ _ 4 ~ “ ~ 7 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, December 1955) A verage S e x, o ccu p ation , and in d u stry d iv ision Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NU M BER OF W ORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIG H T -T IM E W E E K LY EARNINGS OF— Under $ 3 5 .0 0 $ $ $ 3 5 .0 0 and under 4 0 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 $ $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 9 5.00 $ 100.00 $ 105.00 $ 110.00 $ 115.00 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 105.00 110.00 1 1 5.00 over 127 377 687 469 325 205 107 71 15 8 3 32 111 212 233 131 88 42 33 4 4 1 1 _ _ and W om en - Continued $ S ten o g ra p h e rs, gen era l M a n u factu rin g-----------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g __ P u b lic u tilities * W holesa le trade _ R e ta il trade --------F in a n ce ** ------------ 2 ,4 0 8 3 9 .5 5 6 .5 0 892 40. 0 57. 50 - S w itchboard o p e ra to rs _ M a n u fa ctu rin g-----------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g __ P u b lic u tilities * _ R e ta il trade ______ F in a n ce ** _______ 360 S w itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s M a n u fa ctu rin g_____________________ N onm anufacturing ________________ W h olesa le trade ______________ T a b u latin g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs . N onm anufacturing __________ F in a n ce ** _______________ T r a n s crib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l _______________________ ,___ M anufacturing N onm anufacturing --------W holesa le trade ------F in a n ce ** ___________ T y p is t s , c la s s A _______ M anufacturing N onm anufacturing F in a n ce * * ____ T y p is ts , c la s s B _______ M a n u fa ctu rin g_______ N onm anufacturing __ P u b lic u tilities * . W holesa le trade . R eta il trade _____ F in a n ce ** _______ 13 - » _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ 1 ,5 1 6 3 9 .5 5 5 .5 0 266 475 236 194 117 65 38 11 4 2 4 0 .0 6 2 .0 0 _ 13 _ 95 297 10 48 40 34 47 46 38 17 3 9 .5 5 8 .5 0 - 3 14 26 67 62 78 26 8 264 4 0 .0 5 3 .5 0 _ - 15 45 100 72 19 13 - 19 _ 4 _ 2 303 11 _ - - 455 3 9 .0 5 3 .0 0 - 9 51 128 115 56 47 28 19 2 - - - - - 4 0 .5 5 5 .0 0 _ 46 51 91 58 56 23 12 13 1 _ 1 _ _ 83 4 0 .0 6 0 .5 0 - ■ 8 _ _ 7 18 16 17 15 5 3 _ 5 3 .5 0 - 8 46 44 73 42 39 8 7 10 _ 1 _ _ 4 1 .0 1 _ _ 277 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ > 40 4 0 .0 6 5 .0 0 _ 62 4 0 .0 5 0 .0 0 _ 38. 5 5 5 .0 0 - 568 3 9 .5 5 2 .0 0 _ 193 3 9 .5 5 4 .0 0 54 2 18 1 3 11 15 8 8 1 10 _ 2 11 15 11 12 1 2 - - - - - - - - 76 124 169 65 90 12 6 4 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 19 32 29 45 3 3 1 _ _ _ 57 92 36 45 3 3 7 50 22 12 5 9 8 1 _ _ 20 59 110 3 - - - - - 7 15 13 37 28 10 12 _ _ 5 5 2 _ _ 18 19 14 _ _ _ _ 13 4 2 2 - - - - - 3 9 .0 5 0 .5 0 - 3 9 .5 5 2 .5 0 - 152 3 9 .5 5 8 .5 0 _ 9 114 39. 5 5 6 .0 0 _ 9 7 15 12 66 3 9 .0 5 4 .0 0 - 9 3 12 7 29 14 5 3 .0 0 _ _ _ - - . _ _ 1 _ _ - - - - _ _ . _ _ - - - _ 8 _ 46 193 220 106 88 7 14 74 61 25 22 4 15 _ 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 159 81 66 3 15 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8 - _ 66 45 44 38 3 5 5 - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 8 30 42 29 31 19 - 6 8 - - - - - - - - 5 4 .0 0 _ 1 33 140 148 108 76 31 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 - 2 52 89 57 46 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 88 59 51 30 16 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 53 14 18 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 59 51 7 - 2 - _ _ . 200 3 9 .5 5 1 .5 0 _ 496 3 9 .0 5 3 .5 0 _ 206 3 9 .0 5 5 .0 0 173 3 8 .5 5 2 .5 0 541 4 0 .0 262 4 0 .0 5 4 .5 0 _ 279 3 9 .5 5 3 .0 0 - 101 3 9 .0 5 0 .0 0 - 2 ,4 3 6 3 9 .5 4 7 .5 0 39T5 50.00 5 - 748 4 - _ _ _ _ - 107 3 9 .0 2 _ 20 - 375 696 9 10 119 114 976 639 421 117 96 2 159 269 175 57 35 1 ,6 8 8 3 9 .5 4 6 .5 0 5 112 817 370 111 4 0 .0 5 7 .0 0 _ _ 5 15 331 4 0 .0 5 0 .0 0 _ 7 86 59 143 4 0 .0 4 3 .5 0 1 19 73 38 759 3 8 .5 4 4 .5 0 3 86 377 200 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 60 61 8 7 2 - _ 29 126 23 27 3 _ _ _ 3 - _ - _ _ _ 12 32 _ 2 _ _ 18 _ 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 13. 2 2 - - - - - - - H ours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em p loy ees r e c e iv e their regu la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings co r re s p o n d to these w eekly h o u rs. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. * * F in a n ce , in s u ra n c e , and rea l esta te. 1 _ _ _ " - * _ 8 Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . P a u l , M in n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 5 ) Average S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly houn (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVIN G S TRA IG H T-TIM E W E E K L Y E ARN IN G S OF— U nder 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 and under 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 § 6 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 77 66 84 74 11 10 64 58 6 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 90.00 95.00 $ $ $ $ $ 100.00 105.00 $110.00 115.00 f 20.00 125.00 130.00 $nd lo a o o 110.00 naoo 120.00 125.00 130.00 over 5 5 3 3 M en D r a ft s m e n , s e n i o r ------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------- — ------------------------------ ------------ 580 490 90 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 9 3 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 9 5 .0 0 D r a ft s m e n , j u n i o r -------- ---------- ----- ------------------------------ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------- ------------------------------- ------------ ------------ 391 351 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 T r a c e r s __ __ __ ----------------------------------------- ----------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g __ __ -------- -------- ------------------------ — _ 112 81 108 86 _ _ . - - - _ - “ “ ■ 75. 50 74. 50 3 3 20 - 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 2 .5 0 5 7 .0 0 223 23 15 15 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 2 13 10 51 48 " 2 - 101 3 3 67 65 73 63 59 57 43 41 22 20 20 20 U 57 49 16 11 18 18 10 10 5 16 5 2 - 2 8 1 10 10 - - 11 8 16 12 30 27 22 15 20 6 6 78 23 101 96 5 — 10 r ~ - 36 23 13 13 4 18 15 9 - 12 3 8 4 “ “ - - - - - “ 1 “ 1 1 - - W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l ( r e g is t e r e d ) ____________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ---------------------------------------------------- __ _ 1 2 17 3 1 m H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 9 a t $ 3 5 to $ 4 0 ; 10 a t $ 4 0 t o $ 4 5 ; 4 a t $ 4 5 t o $ 5 0 . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , M in n e a p o l is - S t . P a u l, M in n . , D e c e m b e r 1 95 5 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 9 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average hourly earnings 1 for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, December 1955) N U M B E R OF W ORKERS RECEIVIN G S TRAIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers Average hourly earnings C a r p e n te rs, m aintenance M a n u fa c tu rin g ------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ------ 215 116 99 $ 2 .4 8 2 .3 8 2.61 E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance M a n u fa c tu rin g --------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g -------- 379 293 86 2. 52 2 .4 8 2 .6 5 Under $ 1. 50 $ 1 .5 0 and under 1 .6 0 1.60 “ 1. 70 $ 1. 70 - $ 1.80 - $ 1 .9 0 - $ 2 .0 0 2. 10 $ 2 .1 0 - $ 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 l.flO 1 .90 2 .0 0 - 4 2 2 4 2 2 23 11 12 53 43 10 5 1 4 2 2 25 21 4 28 - 50 43 7 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 - $ , 2 .6 0 - 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 $ 2. 70 2 .8 0 $ 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 $ $ 2 .90 3.0 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 4 2 2 6 4 2 1 1 5 5 - 1 1 31 64 63 1 42 11 11 7 49 13 36 12 2 10 4 57 ------- 1— ------ 46 11 2 40 13 27 18 12 6 9 4 5 _ - 26 26 - - _ - _ - 5 5 - 31 31 - * “ - - - - - - _ - 27 12 15 42 10 32 45 43 2 83 52 31 126 2'4 102 no 64 46 2 2 .4 0 - 25 20 5 - 26 $ 28 3 81 24 57 3 2 1 $ 3. 10 and over _ 4 3 1 E n g in e ers, sta tion a ry -----— M a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g --------- 544 2 65 279 2 .2 8 2 .3 0 2 .2 6 - _ - F ir e m e n , sta tion a ry b o ile r M a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------N onm anufacturing -------- 429 223 2G6 2 .0 4 “ 2 .0 9 1.98 13 13 6 4 2 25 11 8 47 27 20 59 32 27 32 19 13 96 26 70 33 2l 12 28 20 8 54 21 33 _ - H e lp e rs, tra d e s, m a in t e n a n c e ---------M a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------------------- 422 5TT5— 1 .9 6 1.93 5 5 15 15 15 14 37 31 56 55 110 45 94 65 72 16 i 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ Tl ~ - - - - - - - M a ch in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m — M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------- 199 199 2 .2 0 2 .2 0 - “ - - - 4 4 ' 35 35 23 23 15 15 - - - - _ 82 40 40 . “ - - - - M a ch in ists, m ain ten an ce -------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------- 456 140 2 .4 6 2 .4 5 - - - - - 3 3 17 17 14 13 61 61 30 29 165 165 86 85 27 2l 40 40 3 3 7 - 1 1 2 2 M e c h a n ics, a u tom otive (m aintenance) M a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------P u b lic u tilities * ------------------------ 815 70 745 620 2. 19 2. 26 2 .1 9 2 .1 5 , - - _ - _ - 2 2 1 27 4 23 13 105 3 102 96 423 22 401 395 137 17 120 95 26 9 17 16 65 13 52 “ 24 24 “ 528 T 63 163 2 .2 2 "2721 2 .2 3 2 2 5 7 - - 5 7 13 3 10 34 30 4 27 24 3 88 65 23 55 ' 46 9 71 42 29 134 ~ T 28 6 35 12 23 43 1 42 1 1 - 13 13 - - - - - 230 227 2. 37 2. 37 - - - - 85 85 6 4 21 2l 1 1 - * - 21 2l _ - 77 77 - - 8 8 - “ 11 10 * - 3 3 2 2 _ * 8 8 _ 6 6 - - - - -■ 3 1 9 4 5 39 25 16 3 2 1 3 3 - 1 > _ 1 _ - - - 1 101 30 71 - 1 - 29 29 26 26 7 23 _ _ _ 39 - 2 14 - - - 36 - 8 8 _ 1 1 2 2 _ _ - " - 20 20 _ “ 59 59 131 131 150 150 75 75 60 60 _ _ M e c h a n ics, m aintenance M a n u f a c t u r in g -----N onm anufacturing —— M i l l w r i g h t s -------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g ----------O i l e r s -----------------M anufacturing 136 136 1 .9 6 1 .9 6 P a in te rs , m aintenance M a n u fa c tu rin g -------N onm anufacturing — 184 109 2 .5 3 2. 46 2 .5 7 P ip e fit t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e --------------Manufa c tu r in g ------------------------------ 171 154 2 .5 2 TTTO S h ee t-m e ta l w o r k e r s , m ain ten an ce M a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------ 65 6'4 T o o l and die m a k ers —--------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------- 674 674 1 1b 2 .4 5 "2745------ - - _ - * 2 2 3 3 74 74 31 31 _ 1 _ 1 22 12 10 . . - - . - - - - 1 - 1 - - _ _ - - _ 2. 55 2 .5 5 _ E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late sh ifts. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. _ 7 7 2 - 6 6 “ 4 4 1 • 29 29"" 11 11 4 4 65 65 _ - 82 4 J 4 37 ' 37 _ - _ 18 -------5----13 _ - - 2 2 4 - - - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - . - - - - _ - _ - 119 19 - _ 1 O ccupation al W age S urvey, M in n eap olis-S t. Paul, Minn. , D ecem b er 1955 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations, (Average hourly earnings1 for selected occupations2 studied on an area basis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, December 1955) N U M B ER OP W ORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGH T-TIM E H O U R LY E A R NING S OF— Number of workers O ccupation and industry d ivision E lev a tor o p e r a t o r s , p a ss en g er ( m e n ) __________ N onm anufacturing __ ________________ — __ 71 68 Average hourly earnings Under $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .2 8 1 .2 7 - $ $ $ 1.00 and under 1. 10 $ $ 1.60 $ 1.30 1.20 1.30 1 .40 1.50 1. 60 1.70 1.80 7 7 22 22 - 8 8 3 - - 2 2 1 1 8 8 1 .50 $ 1.20 21 21 1.40 $ 1. 10 1 .70 $ 1.80 $ 1. 90 $ 2 .0 0 2. 10 $ 2. 10 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 1.90 2 .0 0 2 2 - - - - - 7 7 _ _ _ _ „ 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 50 $ 2. 60 and 2 .5 0 2. 60 over - - _ _ _ - E lev a tor o p e r a to r s , p a ssen g er ( w o m e n ) _______ N onm anufacturing ______________ __ __ __ __ 298 2 90 1.32 1.32 37 37 11 11 13 13 19 19 12 12 189 188 7 - - - - - - - - Guards ____________________________________________ Manufacturing — __ ____ __ _ _____ __ _ N onm anufacturing ____ ___ ________ __ _ 565 452 103 1.83 1 .8 8 1.61 _ _ 17 10 _ 2 78 70 8 52 24 28 143 110 33 96 96 - 127 127 - _ 11 11 - _ _ _ J a n ito rs, p o r te r s , and clea n ers (m e n )__________ M anu factu ring___________ ______________ _ Nonm anufacturing ____ __ __ __ ____ „ __ P u b lic u tilities * ------------ __ __ __ __ __ W holesale trade _________ ___________ R etail trade __ _ __ __ ______ ___ __ Finance ** ---------------------------------------------------- 2 ,5 2 6 1 ,0 4 9 1 ,4 7 7 174 84 595 349 1 .4 6 1.62 1 .3 5 1.63 1 .4 9 1.31 1.40 142 103 39 30 7 57 24 33 9 1 23 - 40 40 J a n ito rs, p o r t e r s , and cle a n e rs (w o m e n )___ _ M a n u factu rin g__________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ________ ___________________ 808 231 577 1 .2 8 1 .4 5 1.21 L a b o r e r s , m a teria l h a n d lin g ____________________ M anu factu ring___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Nonm anufacturing ------------ ------------ __ __ __ P ublic utilities * __ __ __ __ __ ____ W holesale trade __ ___ ____ ____ 5, 145 2 ,0 3 3 3, 112 1,092 1,0 8 9 1.82 1 .7 8 1 .8 5 1 ,9 8 1 .8 6 - - - 73 33 40 _ _ _ - 14 - O rd er fille r s ____ ___ ____ _____ M anu factu ring---- __ ------- __ — ____ ____ Nonm anufacturing _____________________________ W holesale trade — ______________ __ __ R etail trade __ „ ________ _______________ 2 ,3 9 7 467 1,930 1 ,2 1 6 626 1 .7 7 1. 78 1 .7 7 1 .8 9 1.51 91 _ _ 40 91 46 3 43 107 _ _ 40 91 43 107 P a c k e r s , shipping (m en) — __ ______________ M anu factu ring----- __ „ __ __ _______________ N onm anufacturing __________________ ____ W holesale trade ------- — ________ __ __ 900 365 535 437 1.81 1 .7 6 1 .8 4 1 .8 7 5 5 P a c k e r s , shipping (w o m e n )____ M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing __ ____ __ __ 435 248 187 1.32 1 .3 9 1 .2 4 R e ce ivin g c l e r k s ____ M anufacturing __ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ ________ W holesale trade R etail trade __ ______________ ____________ 407 231 176 87 78 1.93 1 .9 9 1 .8 6 1 .9 8 1. 76 Shipping cle rk s __ M anu factu ring__ __ Nonm anufacturing __ W holesale trade ____ 363 199 164 113 1 .9 8 1 .9 7 1. 99 1 .9 9 - - - - - - 17 10 " 2 29 24 5 333 9 324 2 7 181 56 185 27 158 205 74 131 7 38 15 153 24 129 19 7 40 26 449 117 332 35 7 124 164 508 384 124 54 23 42 5 171 144 27 19 7 62 47 212 97 115 6 18 45 33 113 26 87 48 17 31 368 2 366 44 26 18 21 17 4 92 87 5 56 56 - 33 40 61 15 46 105 67 38 10 7 94 58 36 5 7 125 78 47 490 379 111 1,173 355 818 _ - - 770 609 161 48 83 81 46 46 7 39 63 46 17 8 7 45 31 14 3 7 98 48 50 28 12 37 26 11 - 25 19 6 - 5 100 92 8 6 - 65 - 65 _ 40 59 _ 59 73 40 - . . 10 - - - - - - 10 - 20 _ 75 23 52 _ - - _ _ _ - 5 - _ _ 1 2 4 3 - - _ _ - - - - 6 6 _ . - - - - - - - - _ - - _ - _ - - - _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - . . _ - - - - - - _ - _ _ 4 3 “ - - - - - - - 924 96 828 781 39 31 15 16 16 - 44 - - 133 133 _ _ 44 _ _ _ _ 379 1 ,0 4 9 228 821 232 479 . - 307 152 155 126 27 469 84 385 349 35 848 30 818 533 216 174 10 164 162 2 20 20 37 33 4 4 505 91 414 351 166 91 75 74 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 43 43 _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 6 4 2 2 1 1 3 3 _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 21 11 115 76 39 93 89 4 41 6 35 27 27 - 5 5 " - - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - - . 1 1 9 11 15 7 8 54 15 39 8 26 79 75 4 3 1 67 17 50 39 10 96 45 51 35 16 44 44 - 18 16 2 2 - 8 8 - _ - 4 4 - - - - - _ _ _ - - - - 28 9 19 8 87 76 11 11 65 38 27 23 110 33 77 65 9 3 6 6 31 19 12 8 8 _ _ - - - - - 8 4 4 22 1 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 _ _ _ 1 _ 1 9 _ 9 1 - - - . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end o f table. * T ra n sp ortation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. _ _ - 20 107 - - - _ _ 11 _ - 6 8 _ 7 _ _ _ 7 10 9 1 - - _ Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , Decem ber 1955 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 11 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued (A verage h ou rly e a rn in g s1 fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s 2 studied on an a re a b a sis in M in n eap olis-S t. P a u l, M in n ., by industry d iv isio n , D e ce m b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a tio n a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Average hourly earnings 231 137 94 62 $ 1 .9 2 1 .9 3 1 .9 2 1 .9 9 ------------ — --------- ---------r r u c k d r iv e r s 3 __ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ ------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------- __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ____ _ _ _ _ _ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e __ _____ __ 3, 523 519 3 ,0 0 4 1,893 592 515 2 .0 2 2 .0 7 2 .0 1 2 .01 2 .0 2 2 .01 T r u c k d r i v e r s , l i g h t ( u n d e r 1V 2 t o n s ) -----------M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ _____ __ __ 1,001 141 2 .0 2 2. 15 T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m ( l V a to a n d i n c l u d i n g 4 t o n s ) __ __ __ __ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ --------- — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __________ __ __ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e ______ __ __ — __ 1,4 9 9 287 1,212 711 356 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , t r a ile r ty p e ) --------- __ __ --------- __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ __ __ ------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -----------------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e — --------- _ — __ __ __ T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea v y (o v e r 4 to n s, o th e r t h a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) _____ __ __________ — __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __ _____ __ __ _____ S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g c l e r k s --------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _ __ __ __ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ------------------------------------------------ . r r u c k e r s . p o w e r (fo r k lift) M a n n fa r t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ... r r u c k e r s . p o w e r ( o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) M a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ _ W a tch m en __ __ __ __ __________ __ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _________ ___ __ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ _____ __ __ __ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ______ ______ __ __ $ U nder $ 1 .00 1.00 and under 1 . 10 $ $ 1.10 1 .20 1 .20 1 .3 0 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $1 .5 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .4 0 2 .0 0 2 . 10 22 56 “ - - 14 1 50 6 4 4 6 - 6 5 8 2 6 5 50 - 4 4 _ - - 20 15 5 1 4 - - 1 30 - 113 76 37 2 24 11 5 4 6 6 24 - - - - - 6 5 _ _ - - 2 2 26 - - 26 20 12 10 2 - _ - _ _ - 5 5 _ - - - - - - “ 2 .0 1 2 .0 4 2 .01 2 .01 2 .0 2 _ _ _ - - - - 637 604 131 152 2 .0 3 2 .0 3 2 .0 5 2 .0 5 _ _ _ - - " “ - 178 132 2 .0 4 2 .0 2 _ - _ _ - " - - 550 282 268 1.93 1 .8 6 1 .9 9 _ _ _ 4 4 21 21 - - - - - 197 177 1 .8 9 1 .8 8 - - - - - 305 129 176 43 1 .5 6 1 .67 1 .4 8 1.67 27 26 19 3 16 5 1 1 1 . 90 18 4 - 6 $ 2.00 30 - - 1 .9 0 $ 8 22 “ - 1 .8 0 1 .8 0 28 - 6 1 . 70 $ 28 - - - $ 1 . 70 12 12 - 1 1 .6 0 - ■- - $ $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 . 60 and - - 50 20 - - - 4 - 19 21 - 3 - - - 230 71 159 5 47 105 2 ,8 2 0 180 2 ,6 4 0 1,800 517 323 96 35 61 41 I ll 39 39 17 17 3 3 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 25 - - - - 19 9 36 10 786 46 12 “ 69 44 27 27 - - “ 80 53 27 148 48 100 1 26 1,1 1 6 97 1 ,0 1 9 652 304 72 35 37 37 17 16 1 1 12 12 14 14 - - - - - - - - - 8 8 1 - - 24 _ _ _ - _ - _ - 2 2 2 9 _ _ - 14 - - - - “ “ ~ - 597 594 129 144 - - - - - - - - - - " - 37 33 6 6 16 16 - - - 85 71 14 63 62 1 2 2 6 6 17 17 66 64 40 19 21 18 18 2 25 9 over 9 6 3 - 22 2 . 60 6 - ------ 2 .5 0 6 - - 71 2 .4 0 25 - 13 56 ----- 4----- -------8— 48 9 9 2 .3 0 4 21 - -------- 5----- -------g------ 2 .2 0 39 13 26 2 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid a ys, and late sh ifts. Data lim ited to m en w ork ers excep t w h ere oth erw ise indicated. 3 Includes all d riv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f truck op era ted . * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. $ 81 30 5 4 3 - _ - 3 - - - _ - 8 “ ~ ~ “ “ 115 91 4 22 4 - - - - 4 - - - - 56 18 38 251 36 215 24 24 22 22 - 1 1 1 1 - “ ‘ * - - 24 24 26 8 5 5 51 51 _ _ ~ ■ 16 12 4 4 13 6 7 1 14 14 4 4 - - - - . " * ~ - - - - - - - - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P e rc e n t of m anufacturing plant w orkers(b) (a ) In establishm ents having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r— Shift d iffere n tia l S econd shift w ork T otal 8 6.9 Third o r other shift w ork A ctu a lly w ork in g on— Second shift T hird o r other shift 78.6 1 3.4 2 .3 With shift pay d ifferen tia l ------------------------------------------------------- 8 6.2 78.6 13.2 2 .3 U niform cen ts (per h o u r ) --------------------------------------------------- 6 6 .6 59.0 9 .8 1 .9 5 c e n t s ------------- ■-------------------------------------------------------------6 cents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------7 cents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------8, 87a c e n t s ------------------------------------------------—----------------9 c e n t s -------------------------------------------- ------------------ -----------10 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------11 c e n t s ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------12, 127z cen ts —------------------------------------------------------------1372 . 133/* c e n t s ------------------------------------------------------------14, 1472 cen ts ---------------------------------------------------------------15 cen ts -------------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 15 cents ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13.5 .4 2 .4 3. 5 7. 7 2 8 .5 2 .5 t 1.3 3 .2 2. 1 3 .3 .5 1.3 1.1 7. 7 16.8 1.2 4 .5 .8 2. 8 10. 5 9 .8 2 .0 .4 .7 .1 4 .0 _ .1 .8 .4 1.0 .2 U niform p ercen ta g e ------------------------------------------------------------ 18. 6 18. 6 3 .2 .3 5 p e rce n t ------------------------------------------- •----------------------------l l!z p e rce n t ----------------------------------------------------------------10 p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------------\ 2 llz p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------13 p e r c e n t ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------ 2 .3 10.4 5 .9 - _ _ 2. 3 2.2 10.4 3. 7 .1 1.9 1.2 O th e r-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .9 . 7 No shift d ifferen tia l ----------------------------------------------------------------- - _ - .1 1. 1 t t t . 1 .2 .3 t t - .2 - .9 .3 .2 - .3 - - 1 Shift d ifferen tia l data a re p resen ted in term s of (a) establishm ent p o lic y , and (b) w ork ers actu a lly e m p loy ed on late shifts at the tim e o f the su rv ey . An establishm ent was co n sid e re d as having a p o lic y if it m et either of the follo w in g c o n d i tion s: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y, o r (2) had fo rm a l p ro v is io n s cov e rin g late shifts, f L ess than 0 .0 5 p e rce n t. O ccupational W age S urvey, M inn eapolis-S t. Paul, M in n ., D e c e m b e r 1955 U. S. DE PA RTM EN T OF LABO R Bureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 15 Table B-2: Minimum Enhance Rates for Women Office Workers1 Number o f establishm ents with s p e c ifie d m inim um hirin g rate in— M anufacturing M inim um rate (w eekly sa la ry ) A ll schedules E sta blish m en ts studied 234 N onm anufacturing M anufacturing B ased on standard w eekly hours 2 of— All industries A ll schedules 86 N um ber o f establishm ents with s p e c ifie d m inimum hiring rate in— A ll ind u stries A ll sched ules 3 7Va 148 234 $ 3 0 . 00 $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and under $ 3 2 .5 0 under $ 3 5 .0 0 ~ under $ 3 7 .5 0 under $ 4 0 .0 0 — under $ 4 2 .5 0 — under $ 4 5 .0 0 ~ un der $ 4 7 .5 0 — under $ 5 0 . 00 — under $ 52. 50 — under $ 5 5 .0 0 — o v e r ------- ------------ 128 6 6 12 11 43 23 9 7 7 3 1 1 2 4 2 13 10 6 3 2 1 1 3 2 11 10 5 2 2 1 1 5 4 8 9 30 13 3 4 5 3 A ll sched ules 86 37Va 40 148 F O R OTH ER IN EXPERIENCED C L E R IC A L WORKERS F O R INEXPERIENCED TYPISTS E sta blish m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m inim um Nonmanufacturing B ased on standard w eekly hours 2 of— 1 1 7 1 1 63 132 41 36 91 5 3 5 6 21 10 2 3 5 3 7 6 12 18 46 17 10 4 7 4 1 1 1 2 3 16 9 6 1 1 1 3 13 8 6 2 2 6 5 10 15 30 8 4 4 5 4 1 1 58 22 36 23 20 XXX 1 XXX E sta blish m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m inim um 63 28 XXX 35 XXX E sta blish m en ts w h ich did not em p loy w ork ers in this c a t e g o r y ------------------------------------------------ 42 14 XXX 28 XXX XXX 43 Data not a v a i l a b l e -------------------- ------------------------- 1 XXX 1 XXX XXX 1 11 1 3 7 6 3 9 22 7 4 3 5 4 1 L ow est s a la r y ra te fo r m a lly esta b lish ed fo r h iring in experien ced w o rk e rs fo r typing o r other c l e r ic a l jo b s . 2 H ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r which em p loyees r e c e iv e their reg u la r str a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a re p resen ted f o r a ll w orkw eeks co m b in e d , and f o r the m o st com m on w orkw eeks re p o rte d . O ccupational W age S urvey, M in n ea p olis-S t. P aul, M in n ., D ecem b er 1955 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR Bureau of L abor S tatistics Table B-3: Scheduled W eekly Hours PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— W eekly hours All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities* ---- 100 100 100 Under 37Va hours _ _ ----37Va hours _ __ _ O ver 37Va and under 40 hours 40 hours _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ O ver 40 and under 44 hours _ _ _ 44 hours ____ __ _ __ _ _ __ 45 hours _ ____ __ ____ __ __ __ _ __ 46 hours _ __ „ „ _ _ _ __ 48 hours ___________________________________ __ __ O ver 48 hours _ _ __ ------------- t 13 69 t t t t 6 14 77 t A ll w o rk e rs 1 2 3 t * ** 15 100 3 7 91 - t 99 ■ t t Wholesale trade t Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance** 100 100 7 36 26 38 _ _ _ _ 5 86 t t _ - All 3 industries Services Manufacturing 100 100 3 t t 77 t t 6 t 5 t t 73 _ 9 _ 4 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 _ _ 98 t _ _ 97 _ _ 85 _ _ _ 3 _ _ 6 _ t t - - 5 5 3 - Public utilities * Services 5 Data rela te to w om en w ork ers only. Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown sep a ra tely. Includes data fo r re a l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly, L ess than 2. 5 p ercen t. T ransp ortation (exclu din g ra ilro a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilities. F inance, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. Table B-4? Paid Holidays12 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN Item A ll w o rk e rs __ _______ „ ______ __ __ ___ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o lid a y s __ __ __ — ------— __ — L e s s th a n 6 h o l i d a y s ----- --------------- ------6 h o l i d a y s _____ _____ ____ „ ____ ___________ ______ ___ F u l l d a y s o n l y _ _ __ __________________ ___ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y ________________________________ P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ______________________________ P l u s 3 h a l f d a y s ---------------------------------------------P lu s 5 h a lf d a y s „ ____ __ __ __ __ 7 h o l i d a y s __ __ _________________ _____ __ __ F u ll d a y s o n ly _ _____ _____ _____ _ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y ------------------------------------------------P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s __ __ __ _______ P l u s 3 h a l f d a y s ___________ _ __ _ ______ 8 h o lid a y s _ __ _ __ __ _ F u ll d a y s o n ly _ _ __ _____________ __ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y . _ _ _____ ______ __ _ P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s _______________________________ 9 h o l i d a y s __ _________ __ ________ _______ __ F u ll d a y s o n ly _ . _ _ P l u s 1 h a l f d a y ________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------- All 2 industries Manufacturing Public . utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 66 51 6 6 100 78 54 15 9 t 17 8 10 0 36 35 - 1 00 45 42 - t 64 38 26 - 3 - 1 00 93 93 7 6 100 60 38 4 9 5 3 15 15 12 t t 24 17 t 5 t 6 3 t 3 4 - 4 ~ t 8 5 4 t - 49 44 5 - Retail trade - t - ■ - 6 6 Finance** All 3 industries 3 Services 1 00 Manufacturing Public utilities* 100 100 100 98 98 t 73 61 9 3 18 16 t 75 54 17 4 11 11 - 98 44 44 - 100 53 50 4 47 47 - 100 3 82 82 15 12 t - T 11 9 t 10 - - t t t 13 13 t t I Retail trade 10 0 t 54 42 12 - t Wholesale trade t - - 6 5 Services t - 1 E stim ates rela te to fu ll-d a y holidays p rov id ed annually, as in e a r lie r stu dies. T hese a re furth er d ivided betw een w ork ers who re c e iv e m e r e ly the in d ica ted nu m ber o f fu ll-d a y h olid a y s, and those who re c e iv e 1 or m o re half holidays in addition. 2 Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly. O ccupational Wage S u rvey, M in n eap olis-S t. P a u l, Minn. , D e c e m b e r 1955 3 Includes data fo r rea l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown se p a ra te ly . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R f L e s s than 2. 5 p ercen t. B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistics * T ra n sp ortation (exclu din g r a ilr o a d s ), ^ m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilitie s. ** F inance, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a ca tio n p o lic y All j industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance** Services All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 t - 99 97 3 - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - 99 94 5 t t - “ “ 30 t 69 t 21 t 77 - 70 t 29 - 37 63 _ 77 23 - - - - - 18 _ 20 - - 8 80 _ 98 M ETHOD OF PAYM EN T W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id v a c a tio n s -------------------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t -----------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t --------------------------------------------O t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 8 t t - _ _ t - - - - A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- 2 w eeks 3 94 77 4 18 _ 85 8 8 77 t 69 _ 62 _ 22 38 „ _ _ 31 - t - - - - 46 60 15 25 - 26 t 72 _ 29 t 70 - 21 45 _ t - - - - _ 11 - 9 78 18 15 63 t t 96 5 95 t t - - - - - - - - t A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s --------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r ----------------------------------------------------------- 9 t 89 t 8 11 t 90 - _ 86 3 82 - - - - - _ 5 95 _ t _ 79 _ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O 2 O 3 4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s — ----------------------------------w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------w e e k s a n d o v e r -------------------------------------------------------- t t 96 t t 95 t t t - 4 - 94 3 - - 100 - - - - - - 98 t ~ t t t _ t 98 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e t t 89 7 5 O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------3 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s a n d o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- 2 w eeks r t 86 t 11 ~ 97 3 - : 100 - - - 5 : t - * ■ 100 100 93 82 18 t 90 3 86 5 - - - - 6 8 - - 7 t See footn otes at end o f ta b le. * T ra n s p orta tion (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and oth er public u tilitie s . ** F in a n ce , in s u ra n c e , and re a l estate. 95 NOTE: O ccupation al Wage S urvey, M in n e a p o lis-S t. Paxil, M in n ., D ecem b er 1955 U .S . DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR Bureau o f L abor S tatistics In the tabulations o f va ca tion a llow an ces by y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , paym ents other than "length o f t im e ," such as percen tage o f annual earnings o r fla t-s u m p aym ents, w ere co n v e rte d to an equivalent tim e b a s is; fo r e x a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual earnings was co n sid e re d as 1 w e e k 's p a y. Table B-5; Paid Vacations - Continued PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V acation p o lic y A ll w ork ers All industries 1 Manufacturing Public . utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance ** Services All 2 industries Manufacturing Public _ utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 t 63 5 32 - t 51 3 45 - 47 3 50 - 69 31 - 90 10 - 69 12 20 - 67 6 27 t _ 54 11 35 * 62 t 37 71 29 92 8 “ t 15 t 83 _ t t 18 81 _ t 6 3 92 _ - 15 85 “ 29 71 _ “ 7 t 91 - _ 27 t 70 t t _ 17 t 79 t t _ 3 97 " 12 88 - 51 49 - t 14 t 79 6 t 17 82 t . 4 3 93 - 15 78 6 28 71 t 4 t 76 18 26 t 70 3 16 t 78 5 3 97 - 12 88 - _ 48 50 t t 14 t 54 31 t 17 _ 56 27 4 3 67 26 15 58 26 27 27 46 4 t 58 36 _ 24 t 53 23 14 t 60 25 _ 3 85 12 12 73 16 AMOUNT OF VACATION P A Y - Continued A fter 10 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 week __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 2 weeks _ __ _ __ __ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 weeks __ _ _ __ __ 4 weeks and o v e r _ ___ A fter 15 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 week __ __ __ 2 weeks _ _ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _ __ 3 w e e k s ______ ________ ________________________ O ver 3 and under 4 weeks ___ ___ ____ _____________ _____ 4 weeks and o v e r A fter 20 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __ ____ ___ ___ __________ ________ __ __ 2 w e e k s ______ ________ ____ __ _______________ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s . __ — „ __ ---3 weeks ____ ____________________________ ___ 4 weeks and o v e r ______ _ „ „ __ ------A fter 25 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 week __ ----- ------ ------- „ __ __ __ 2 weeks __ __ __ __ ________________________ __ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w eeks ______ __ _______________ ___________________ 4 weeks and o v e r ________ __ __ ______ ____ * Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly . Includes data fo r rea l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv isio n s shown se p a ra te ly , f L e ss than 2. 5 p e rce n t. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu din g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and oth er public u tilitie s. ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. _ 46 24 29 17 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— T ype o f plan A ll w o rk ers __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ All 1 industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance ** Services All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 91 95 96 89 64 97 88 89 97 97 77 Services W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g : L ife in su ra n ce __ __ __ A ccid e n ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in su ra n ce __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su ra n ce o r s ic k lea ve o r b o t h 2 3 __ __ __ __ __ _ _ S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su ra n ce __ . S ick lea ve (full pay and no w aiting p eriod ) - ___ ___ __ _ S ick lea ve (p a rtia l pay o r waiting p e rio d ) __ __ __ __ ------H osp ita liza tion in su ra n ce __ __ __ _ S u rg ica l in su ra n ce __ __ __ __ __ «. M e d ica l in su ra n ce __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ C atastroph e in su ra n ce __ __ __ __ _ R e tirem en t p e n s i o n __________________________ No health, in s u ra n ce , o r p en sion plan ________ ___ ___ ___ __ ________ _____ 45 54 19 52 30 45 48 48 29 69 48 70 42 82 71 95 24 64 49 74 30 50 15 88 70 90 85 97 28 87 77 80 50 42 36 84 28 35 47 16 8 39 23 24 4 76 75 60 10 74 t 85 82 58 10 70 6 32 32 26 t 77 5 89 89 70 14 71 14 48 48 30 15 42 - 87 85 82 12 96 13 78 76 53 4 58 14 89 86 62 5 64 34 44 44 22 t 85 4 99 99 70 5 63 6 60 60 40 4 41 6 t t 7 20 3 4 3 2 Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry division s shown s e p a ra te ly . 3 Includes data fo r re a l estate and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d ivision s shown se p a ra te ly . U nduplicated total o f w o r k e rs r e c e iv in g s ick leave o r sick n ess and a ccid en t insu ra n ce shown sep a ra tely b e lo w . f L e s s than 2 .5 p e r c e n t. * T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s . * * F in a n ce , in s u ra n c e , and re a l esta te. 11 O ccupation al W age S u rv ey, M in n ea p olis-S t. P a u l, M in n ., D ecem b er 1955 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR B ureau of L a b or S tatistics 19 A p p e n d ix : Job D e s c r ip t io n s T h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u re a u * s w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t it s fie ld s t a ff in c l a s s if y in g in to a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u n d er a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t it le s an d d iffe r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b lis h m e n t to e s t a b lis h m e n t a n d f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is is e s s e n t ia l in o r d e r to p e r m it the g r o u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b c o n t e n t . B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s is o n in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t an d in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t, the B u r e a u l s jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s m a y d if f e r s i g n i f i c a n tly f r o m th o s e in u se in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r th o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g th e s e jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s , th e B u r e a u s f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s a r e in s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a i n e e s , h a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s . O f f i c e B I L L E R , M A C H IN E P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and in v o i c e s o n a m a c h in e o th e r th an an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r it e r . M a y a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b i llin g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n t a l to b i llin g o p e r a t i o n s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , b i l l e r s , m a c h in e , a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , a s f o llo w s : B i l l e r , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) - U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a c h in e (M o o n H o p k in s , E llio t t F is h e r , B u r r o u g h s , e t c . , w h ic h a r e c o m b in a t io n ty p in g an d a d din g m a c h in e s ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s an d in v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s 1 p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e t c . U s u a lly in v o l v e s a p p lic a t io n o f p r e d e t e r m in e d d is c o u n t s and sh ipp in g c h a r g e s an d e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y n ot b e c o m p u te d o n the b i llin g m a c h in e , a n d t o t a ls w h ich a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e d b y m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p i e s o f th e b i ll b e in g p r e p a r e d an d is o fte n don e on a fa n fo ld m a c h in e . B i l l e r , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) - U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (S u n d s tra n d , E llio t t F is h e r , R e m in g to n R a n d , e t c . ,• w h ic h m a y o r m a y n o t h a v e t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s * b i l l s a s p a r t o f ' the a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a lly in v o l v e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n tr y o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s * le d g e r record . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e s fig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u te s and u s u a lly p r in ts a u t o m a t ic a l ly th e d e b it o r c r e d i t b a la n c e s . D o e s n ot in v o lv e a k n o w l e d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n ifo r m an d s ta n d a r d ty p e s o f s a le s an d c r e d i t s l i p s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (R e m in g to n R a n d , E llio t t F i s h e r , S u n d s tra n d , B u r r o u g h s , N a tio n a l C a sh R e g i s t e r , w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R - C o n tin u e d C la s s A - K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f an d e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s and f a m ilia r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n tin g s y s t e m u s e d . D eter m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s an d d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d i t it e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , an d o th e r r e c o r d s b y h an d. C l a s s B - K e e p s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t io n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t io n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s * a c c o u n t s (n ot in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r b i l l e r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n , in v e n to ry c o n t r o l, e tc . M a y c h e c k o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r ia l b a la n c e s an d p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e ts f o r th e a c c o u n tin g d e p a r t m e n t. C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G C l a s s A - U n der g e n e r a l .d ir e c t io n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t an t, h a s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r k e e p in g on e o r m o r e s e c t io n s o f a c o m p le t e s e t o f b o o k s o r r e c o r d s r e la t in g to o n e p h a se o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t ^ b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . W o r k in v o lv e s p o s tin g and b a la n c in g s u b s id i a r y le d g e r o r le d g e r s s u c h a s a c c o u n t s r e c e iv a b le o r a c c o u n ts p a y a b le ; e x a m in in g an d c o d in g in v o i c e s o r v o u c h e r s w ith p r o p e r a c c o u n tin g d is t r ib u t io n ; r e q u i r e s ju d g m e n t an d e x p e r ie n c e in m a k in g p r o p e r a s s ig n a t io n s an d a l l o c a t i o n s . M a y a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g , a d ju s tin g , and c lo s in g jo u r n a l e n t r ie s ; m a y d i r e c t c l a s s B a c c o u n tin g c l e r k s . C l a s s B - U n der s u p e r v i s io n , p e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n tin g o p e r a t io n s s u c h a s p o s tin g s im p le jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s , a c c o u n t s p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , e n te r in g v o u c h e r s in v o u c h e r r e g i s t e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b a n k a c c o u n t s ; p o s tin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r s c o n t r o ll e d by g en era l le d g e r s . T h is jo b d o e s n ot r e q u ir e a k n o w le d g e o f a c c o u n tin g an d b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s bu t is fou n d in o f f i c e s in w h ic h the m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n tin g w o r k is s u b d iv id e d on a fu n c t io n a l b a s i s a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . 20 C L E R K , F IL E C la s s A - R e s p o n s ib le f o r m a in ta in in g an e s t a b lis h e d filin g system ^ C l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e o r o th e r m a t e r ia l ; m a y a ls o file th is m a t e r ia l . M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith f i l e s o r s u p e r v is e o t h e r s in filin g an d lo c a t in g m a t e r ia l in th e f i l e s . M a y p e r f o r m in c id e n t a l c l e r i c a l d u t ie s . C la s s B - P e r f o r m s r o u tin e f ili n g , u s u a lly o f m a t e r ia l th at h a s a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d , o r l o c a t e s o r a s s i s t s in lo c a t in g m a t e r ia l in the f i l e s . M a y p e r f o r m in c id e n t a l c l e r i c a l d u t ie s . C LE R K , ORDER R e c e i v e s c u s t o m e r s * o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e b y m a il, p h o n e , o r p e r s o n a ll y . D u tie s in v o lv e an y c o m b in a t io n o f the fo llo w in g : Q u otin g p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m a k in g ou t an o r d e r sh e e t lis t in g the it e m s to m a k e up th e o r d e r ; c h e c k in g p r i c e s an d q u a n titie s o f it e m s on o r d e r s h e e t; d is tr ib u tin g o r d e r s h e e ts to r e s p e c t i v e d e p a r tm e n ts to be f i l l e d . M a y c h e c k w ith c r e d i t d e p a r t m e n t to d e t e r m in e c r e d i t r a tin g o f c u s t o m e r , a c k n o w le d g e r e c e i p t o f o r d e r s f r o m c u s t o m e r s , fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e that th e y h a v e b e e n f ill e d , k e e p file o f o r d e r s r e c e i v e d , an d c h e c k s h ip p in g in v o i c e s w ith o r ig i n a l ord ers. CLERK, PAY RO LL K E Y -P U N C H O P E R A T O R U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n a n d w ith n o s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , r e c o r d s a c c o u n tin g and s t a t is t ic a l d a ta o n ta b u la tin g c a r d s b y p u n ch in g a s e r i e s o f h o le s in th e c a r d s in a s p e c i f i e d s e q u e n c e , u sin g an a lp h a b e t ic a l o r a n u m e r ic a l k e y -p u n c h m a c h in e , fo llo w in g w r it te n in fo r m a t io n on r e c o r d s . M a y d u p lic a t e c a r d s b y u s in g the d u p lic a tin g d e v ic e a tta ch e d to m a c h in e . K e e p s f i l e s o f p u n ch c a r d s . M ay v e r ify ow n w ork o r w ork o f o th e r s . O F F IC E B O Y O R G IR L P e r f o r m s v a r io u s r o u tin e d u tie s s u c h a s ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t in g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s s u c h a s s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g an d d is t r ib u t in g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . SECRETARY P e r f o r m s s e c r e t a r i a l and c l e r i c a l d u t ie s f o r a s u p e r io r in an a d m in is t r a t iv e o r e x e c u t iv e p o s it io n . D u tie s in c lu d e m a k in g a p p o in t m e n ts f o r s u p e r io r ; r e c e iv in g p e o p le c o m in g in to o f f i c e ; a n s w e r in g an d m a k in g ph one c a l l s ; h an d lin g p e r s o n a l an d im p o r t a n t o r c o n f i d e n tia l m a i l , an d w r it in g r o u tin e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e on o w n in it ia t iv e ; ta k in g d ic t a t io n (w h e r e t r a n s c r ib in g m a c h in e is n o t u s e d ) e it h e r in s h o r th a n d o r b y ste n o ty p e o r s i m il a r m a c h in e , an d t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a tio n o r the r e c o r d e d in fo r m a t io n r e p r o d u c e d o n a t r a n s c r i b i n g m a c h in e . M a y p r e p a r e s p e c ia l r e p o r t s o r m e m o r a n d a f o r in fo r m a t io n o f s u p e r i o r . STEN O GRAPH ER, GEN ERAL C o m p u te s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p lo y e e s an d e n t e r s the n e c e s s a r y data on th e p a y r o ll s h e e t s . D u tie s in v o lv e : C a lc u la tin g w o r k e r s * e a r n in g s b a s e d on t im e o r p r o d u c t io n r e c o r d s ; p o s tin g c a lc u la t e d data on p a y r o ll s h e e t, sh ow in g in fo r m a t io n s u c h a s w o r k e r * s n a m e , w o r k in g d a y s , t im e , r a t e , d e d u c t io n s f o r in s u r a n c e , an d to t a l w a g e s d u e . M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s t e r in m a k in g up and d i s tr ib u tin g pay e n v e lo p e s . M a y u se a c a lc u la t in g m a c h in e . P r i m a r y duty is to ta k e d ic ta tio n f r o m on e o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e it h e r in sh o r th a n d o r b y s te n o ty p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u la r y , and to t r a n s c r i b e th is d ic t a t io n o n a t y p e w r i t e r . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r it te n c o p y . M a y a l s o s e t up a n d k e e p f i l e s in o r d e r , k eep s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D o e s n ot in c lu d e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e w o r k (s e e t r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ) . COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR S T E N O G R A P H E R , T E C H N IC A L P r i m a r y du ty is to o p e r a t e a C o m p t o m e t e r to p e r f o r m m a t h e m a t ic a l c o m p u t a t io n s . T h is jo b is n ot to b e c o n fu s e d w ith that o f s t a t is t ic a l o r o th e r ty p e o f c l e r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e fr e q u e n t u se o f a C o m p to m e te r b u t, in w h ic h , u s e o f th is m a c h in e is in c id e n t a l to p e r fo r m a n c e o f o th e r d u t ie s . P r i m a r y duty is to ta k e d ic t a t io n f r o m on e o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e it h e r in sh o r th a n d o r b y ste n o ty p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y s u c h a s in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t if i c r e s e a r c h and to t r a n s c r i b e th is d ic t a t io n on a ty p e w rite r . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it te n c o p y . M a y a l s o s e t up an d k e e p f i l e s in o r d e r , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e w o r k . D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H O R D IT T O ) S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R U n der g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n an d w ith n o s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , r e p r o d u c e s m u lt ip le c o p ie s o f t y p e w r itte n o r h a n d w r itte n m a t t e r , u sin g a m im e o g r a p h o r d itto m a c h in e . M a k e s n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t su ch a s f o r in k an d p a p e r fe e d c o u n te r an d c y li n d e r s p e e d . Is n ot r e q u ir e d to p r e p a r e s t e n c il o r d itto m a s t e r . M a y k e e p f ile o f u s e d s t e n c ils o r d itto m a s t e r s . M a y s o r t , c o l l a t e , an d s ta p le c o m p le t e d m a t e r ia l . O p e r a t e s a s i n g le - o r m u lt ip le - p o s it i o n t e le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d . D u tie s in v o lv e h an dlin g in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , a n d in tr a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a lls . M a y r e c o r d t o ll c a lls and ta k e m e s s a g e s . M a y g iv e i n f o r m a tio n to p e r s o n s w ho c a l l in , o r o c c a s i o n a l l y ta k e te le p h o n e o r d e r s . F o r w o r k e r s w h o a ls o a c t a s r e c e p t io n is t s s e e s w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t . 21 T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R , G E N E R A L - C on tin u ed S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T IO N IS T tio n ty p e T h is t im e In a d d itio n to p e r f o r m in g d u tie s o f o p e r a t o r , on a s in g le p o s i o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w it c h b o a r d , a c t s a s r e c e p t io n is t an d m a y a ls o o r p e r f o r m r o u t in e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a r t o f r e g u la r d u t ie s . ty p in g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y ta k e the m a jo r p a r t o f th is w o r k e r * s w h ile at s w itc h b o a r d ,, T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s m a c h in e that a u to m a t ic a lly a n a ly z e s an d t r a n s la t e s in fo r m a t io n p u n c h e d in g r o u p s o f ta b u la tin g c a r d s an d p r in t s t r a n s la t e d d a ta on f o r m s o r a c c o u n tin g r e c o r d s ; s e t s o r a d ju s ts m a c h in e ; d o e s s i m p le w ir in g o f p lu g b o a r d s a c c o r d in g t o e s t a b lis h e d p r a c t i c e o r d ia g r a m s ; p l a c e s c a r d s to b e ta b u la te d in fe e d m a g a z in e and s t a r ts m a c h in e o M a y f i l e c a r d s a ft e r th ey a r e ta b u la te d . M a y , in a d d itio n , o p e r a t e a u x ilia r y m a c h in e s . in c lu d e d . A w o r k e r w h o ta k e s d ic ta tio n in sh o rth a n d o r b y ste n o ty p e o r s i m il a r m a c h in e is c l a s s i f i e d a s a s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia l o r to m a k e ou t b i l l s a ft e r c a lc u l a t i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n oth er p e r s o n . M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l t r a in in g , su ch a s k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s an d r e p o r t s o r s o r tin g and d i s tr ib u t in g in c o m in g m a il. C l a s s A - P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f th e fo llo w in g : T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l f o r m f r o m v e r y r o u g h an d in v o lv e d d r a ft; c o p y ing f r o m p la in o r c o r r e c t e d c o p y in w h ic h th e r e is a fr e q u e n t an d v a r i e d u s e o f t e c h n ic a l an d u n u su a l w o r d s o r f r o m f o r e i g n la n g u a g e c o p y ; c o m b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l so u rce s, or pla n n in g la y o u t o f c o m p li c a t e d s t a t is t ic a l t a b le s to m a in ta in u n i f o r m it y a n d b a la n c e in s p a c in g ; ty p in g t a b le s f r o m ro u g h d r a ft in fin a l f o r m . M a y ty p e r o u tin e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to su it c i r c u m s t a n c e s . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R , G E N E R A L P r i m a r y du ty is to t r a n s c r ib e d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u la r y f r o m t r a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e r e c o r d s . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it t e n c o p y a n d d o s im p le c l e r i c a l w o r k . W o r k e r s t r a n s c r ib in g d ic t a t io n in v o lv in g a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t if i c r e s e a r c h a r e n ot P rofessional D R A F T S M A N , JU N IO R (A s s is t a n t d r a ft s m a n ) D r a w s t o s c a l e u n its o r p a r t s o f d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y d r a f t s m a n o r o t h e r s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r poses. U s e s v a r io u s t y p e s o f d r a ftin g t o o ls a s r e q u ir e d . M ay p r e p a r e d r a w in g s f r o m s im p le p la n s o r s k e t c h e s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r d u tie s u n d e r d i r e c t i o n o f a d r a ft s m a n . DRAFTSM AN, LEADER P la n s an d d i r e c t s a c t i v it ie s o f on e o r m o r e d r a ft s m e n in p r e p a r a t io n o f w o r k in g p la n s and d e ta il d r a w in g s f r o m r o u g h o r p r e l im in a r y s k e t c h e s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r p o s e s . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o llo w in g ; I n te r p r e t in g b l u e p r in t s , s k e t c h e s , a n d w r it te n o r v e r b a l o r d e r s ; d e t e r m in in g w o r k p r o c e d u r e s ; a s s ig n in g d u tie s to s u b o r d in a te s and in s p e c t in g t h e ir w o r k ; p e r f o r m in g m o r e d if f i c u lt p r o b l e m s . M a y a s s i s t s u b o r d in a t e s d u rin g C l a s s B - P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f th e fo llo w in g : T y p in g f r o m r e l a t i v e l y c l e a r o r ty p e d d r a ft s ; r o u tin e typin g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; s e ttin g up s im p le s ta n d a r d ta b u la tio n s , o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x t a b le s a lr e a d y se t up an d s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . and Technical DRAFTSM AN, LEADER - C o n tin u e d e m e r g e n c i e s o r a s a r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t , o r p e r f o r m o f a s u p e r v i s o r y o r a d m in is t r a t iv e n a tu r e . r e la t e d d u tie s D R A F T S M A N , SE N IO R P r e p a r e s w o r k in g p la n s an d d e ta il d r a w in g s f r o m n o te s , r o u g h o r d e t a ile d s k e t c h e s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , o r m a n u fa c tu r in g p u r p o s e s . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f the fo llo w in g : P r e p a r in g w o r k in g p la n s , d e t a il d r a w in g s , m a p s , c r o s s - s e c t i o n s , e t c ., t o s c a le b y u s e o f d r a ftin g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g e n g in e e r in g c o m p u ta t io n s s u c h a s th o s e in v o lv e d in s t r e n g th o f m a t e r ia l s , b e a m s and t r u s s e s ; v e r ify in g c o m p le t e d w o r k , c h e c k in g d im e n s io n s , m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d , and q u a n titie s ; w r it in g s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; m a k in g a d ju s tm e n ts o r c h a n g e s in d r a w in g s o r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . M a y in k in lin e s an d l e t t e r s o n p e n c il d r a w in g s , p r e p a r e d e t a il u n its o f c o m p le t e d r a w in g s , o r t r a c e d r a w in g s . W o r k is fr e q u e n t ly in a s p e c ia liz e d f i e l d su ch a s a r c h it e c t u r a l , e l e c t r i c a l , m e c h a n ic a l, o r s t r u c t u r a l d r a ftin g . 22 N U R SE , IN D U S T R IA L (R E G IS T E R E D ) N U R S E , IN D U S T R IA L (R E G IS T E R E D ) - C o n tin u e d A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w ho b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G iv in g f i r s t a id to the i l l o r in ju r e d ; atten din g to su b s e q u e n t d r e s s in g o f e m p l o y e e s 1 i n ju r i e s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a tien ts t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o th e r p u r p o s e s ; c o n d u c tin g p h y s ic a l e x a m in a tio n s an d h e a lth e v a lu a t io n s o f a p p lic a n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and p la n n in g an d c a r r y in g ou t p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lth e d u c a tio n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a tio n o f p la n t e n v ir o n m e n t , o r o th e r a c t i v it ie s s a fe t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l, Maintenance a ffe c t in g th e h e a lt h , w e lfa r e , an d TRACER C o p ie s p la n s an d d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s , b y p la c in g t r a c in g c lo t h o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g a n d t r a c in g w ith p en o r p e n c i l . U s e s T - s q u a r e , c o m p a s s , an d o th e r d r a ftin g t o o l s . M ay p re p a re s im p le d r a w in g s and do s im p le l e t t e r in g . nd Powerplant C A R P E N T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E E N G IN E E R , S T A T IO N A R Y P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o r k an d e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t it io n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a ir s , c a s i n g s , and t r im m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g an d la y in g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r * s h a n d to o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , an d s ta n d a r d m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; m a k in g sta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; s e le c t in g m a t e r ia l s n e c e s s a r y fo r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n ce c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo r m a t a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n ing and e x p e r i e n c e . O p e r a te s and m a in ta in s an d m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t io n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s and e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to s u p p ly the e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h e a t, r e f r i g e r a t io n , o r a i r c o n d itio n in g . W o r k in v o l v e s ; O p e r a tin g a n d m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s s te a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a te r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d fu e l c o n s u m p t io n , M ay a l s o s u p e r v is e th e s e o p e r a t i o n s . H ea d o r c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an o n e e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d , E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l tr a d e fu n c tio n s su c h a s the in s t a lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t in g , d is t r ib u t io n , o r u t iliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g an y o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h ea tin g u n its , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b l u e p r in ts , d r a w in g s , la y o u t, o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; lo c a t in g an d d ia g n o s in g t r o u b le in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g s ta n d a r d c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l eq u ip m e n t; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic ia n * s h a n d to o ls and m e a s u r in g and te s tin g in s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e rie n c e . F IR E M A N , S T A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R F i r e s s ta tio n a ry b o i l e r s to fu r n is h th e e m p lo y e d w ith h ea t, p o w e r , o r s t e a m . F eeds o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o il a n d s a fe ty v a lv e s . M ay c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t r o o m e q u ip m e n t, e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h fu e ls to f i r e b y h an d b u r n e r ; c h e c k s w a te r in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r - H E L P E R , T R A D E S , M A IN T E N A N C E A s s i s t s on e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i lle d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r fo r m in g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i ll, s u c h a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r i a l s an d t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and e q u ip m e n t; a s s i s t i n g w o r k e r b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d t a s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n . T h e kind o f w o r k th e h e lp e r is p e r m it t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m tr a d e to tr a d e ; In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e lp e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lift in g , and h old in g m a t e r ia l s a n d t o o l s a n d c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; an d in o th e r s he is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t s o f a tr a d e th at a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s . 23 M A C H I N E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , T O O L R O O M M E C H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E S p e c i a l i z e s in th e o p e r a t io n o f on e o r m o r e ty p e s o f m a c h in e t o o l s , s u c h a s ji g b o r e r s , c y li n d r ic a l o r s u r fa c e g r i n d e r s , en g in e la t h e s , o r m i llin g m a c h in e s in the c o n s t r u c t io n o f m a c h in e -s h o p t o o l s , g a u g e s , j i g s , f i x t u r e s , o r d i e s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g an d p e r f o r m i n g d iffic u lt m a ch in in g o p e r a t io n s ; p r o c e s s i n g it e m s r e q u ir i n g c o m p l i c a t e d setu p s o r a h igh d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; s e le c t in g fe e d s , s p e e d s , t o o lin g a n d o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n ts d u r in g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is it e t o l e r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s . M a y b e r e q u i r e d to r e c o g n i z e w hen t o o l s n e e d d r e s s in g , to d r e s s t o o l s , a n d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s an d cu ttin g and lu b r ic a t in g o i l s . F or c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m , in t o o l a n d d ie jo b b in g s h o p s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s an d m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s an d p e r fo r m in g r e p a i r s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h a n d to o ls in s c r a p in g an d fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c t iv e p a r t s w ith it e m s o b t a in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h in e sh op o r sen d in g o f the m a c h in e to a m a c h in e sh o p f o r m a jo r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r in g w ritte n s p e c if i c a t io n s f o r m a jo r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r ts o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a in te n a n ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y d u ties in v o lv e se ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . M A C H IN IS T , M A IN T E N A N C E M IL L W R IG H T P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s an d n ew p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : In te r p r e t in g w r it te n i n s t r u c t io n s an d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g an d la y in g out o f w o r k ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t s h a n d to o ls an d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; s e ttin g up a n d o p e r a t in g s ta n d a r d m a c h in e t o o l s ; sh a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e l a t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o lin g , fe e d s and s p e e d s o f m a ch in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c t in g s ta n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , an d eq u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d f o r h is w o r k ; fittin g a n d a s s e m b li n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h i n i s t s w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a ro u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e sh o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . I n s t a lls n ew m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t and d is m a n t le s and in s t a lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h en c h a n g e s in the plant la y ou t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t o f th e w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o th e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls an d r ig g in g ; m a k in g sta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to s t r e s s e s , s tr e n g th o f m a t e r ia l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lin in g an d b a la n c in g o f e q u ip m e n t; s e le c t in g sta n d a rd t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t, and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; in s t a llin g and m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s d r iv e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m i l l w r i g h t ^ w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a ro u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e in the tr a d e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . O IL E R M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M A IN T E N A N C E ) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b il e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , an d t r a c t o r s o f a n e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g e q u ip m e n t a n d p e r f o r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the u se o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c ia liz e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b li n g o r fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g a n d a d ju s tin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g an d in s t a llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h ic le and m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s ; a lin in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s and lig h t s , o r tig h te n in g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f th e a u to m o tiv e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . L u b r ic a t e s , w ith o i l o r g r e a s e , the m o v in g p a r ts o r w e a r in g s u r f a c e s o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . P A I N T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E P a in t s an d r e d e c o r a t e s w a ll s , w o o d w o r k , and fix t u r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u l ia r it i e s and ty p e s o f p a in t r e q u ir e d f o r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r by p la cin g pu tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s an d in t e r s t i c e s ; a p p ly in g paint w ith s p ra y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m ix c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o th e r paint in g r e d ie n t s to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p a in te r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e . 24 P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN T E N A N C E - C o n tin u e d I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fittin g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t o W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l lo w in g : L a y in g ou t o f w o r k an d m e a s u r in g to lo c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o th e r w r it te n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith c h is e l an d h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u t t in g m a c h in e ; th r e a d in g p ip e w ith s t o c k s an d d ie s ; ben d in g p ip e b y h a n d -d r iv e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s an d fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d t e s t s to d e t e r m in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c if i c a t io n s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p ip e fit t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r i ly e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g an d r e p a ir in g b u ild in g sa n ita tio n o r h eatin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . and la y in g ou t a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r in t s , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c if i c a t io n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l- w o r k in g m a c h in e s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls in cu ttin g , b e n d in g , f o r m in g , sh a p in g , fit tin g , a n d a s s e m b lin g ; in s t a llin g s h e e t -m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m a in te n a n ce s h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . P L U M B E R , M A IN T E N A N C E K e e p s the p lu m b in g s y s t e m o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W o r k in v o lv e s ; K n o w le d g e o f s a n ita r y c o d e s r e g a r d in g in s t a lla tio n o f v e n ts and tr a p s in p lu m b in g s y s t e m ; in s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g p ip e s an d fix t u r e s ; o p e n in g c lo g g e d d r a in s w ith a p lu n g e r o r p lu m b e r rs sn a k e . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p lu m b e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e sh ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN T E N A N C E F a b r i c a t e s , in s t a ll s , and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir the s h e e t m e ta l e q u ip m e n t an d fix t u r e s (s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t ila t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o fin g ) o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g Custodial and (D ie m a k e r ; T r a n s p o r t s p a s s e n g e r s b e t w e e n f l o o r s o f an o f f i c e b u ild in g , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e , h o te l o r s im ila r e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k e r s w h o o p e r a t e e l e v a t o r s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith o th e r d u tie s su ch a s th o s e o f s t a r t e r s an d ja n i t o r s a r e e x c lu d e d . GUARD P e r f o r m s r o u tin e p o l i c e d u tie s , e it h e r at fix e d p o s t o r on to u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In clu d e s g a te m e n w h o a r e s t a t io n e d at g a te an d c h e c k o n id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s an d o th e r p e r s o n s e n t e r in g . jig m a k e r ; to o lm a k e r ; fix t u r e m a k e r ; gauge m a k e r) C o n s t r u c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e - s h o p t o o l s , g a u g e s , j i g s , f i x t u r e s o r d ie s fo r f o r g in g s , p u n ch in g an d o t h e r m e t a l - f o r m i n g w o r k . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f w o r k f r o m m o d e ls , b lu e p r in ts , d r a w in g s , o r o th e r o r a l a n d w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f t o o l and d ie m a k e r 1s h a n d to o ls a n d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s tr u m e n ts ; u n d e r sta n d in g o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a ls and a l lo y s ; se ttin g up an d o p e r a t in g o f m a c h in e t o o l s an d r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , s p e e d s , f e e d s , an d t o o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a t t r e a t in g o f m e ta l p a r t s d u rin g f a b r i c a t io n a s w e ll a s o f fin is h e d t o o l s and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a l it i e s ; w o r k in g to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; fittin g an d a s s e m b lin g o f p a r t s to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s an d a l l o w a n c e s ; s e le c t in g a p p r o p r ia te m a t e r i a l s , t o o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e r a l, th e t o o l and d ie m a k e r * s w o r k r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g an d e x p e r i e n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t o o l an d d ie m a k e r s in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g sh o p s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . Material E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , PASSEN G ER T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R Movement J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R (S w e e p e r ; c h a rw o m a n ; j a n i t r e s s ) C le a n s an d k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s an d w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f the fo llo w in g : S w e e p in g , m o p p in g or^ s c r u b b in g , an d p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o th e r r e f u s e ; d u stin g e q u ip m e n t , fu r n it u r e , o r f ix t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l fix t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s an d m in o r m a in te n a n ce s e r v i c e s ; c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , an d restroom s. W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c lu d e d . 25 LABORER, S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K - M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G (L o a d e r an d u n lo a d e r ; h a n d le r and s t a c k e r ; s h e lv e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e lp e r ; w a r e h o u s e m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r ) C o n tin u e d o th e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e je c t in g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u tin g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r ia l s to p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n ts ; m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s an d f i l e s . A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u ties in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g a n d u n loa d in g v a r io u s m a t e r ia l s an d m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m fr e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o th e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h an d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o lo a d an d u n lo a d s h ip s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s fo llo w s : R e c e iv in g c l e r k S h ip p in g c l e r k S h ip p in g an d r e c e iv in g c l e r k T R U C K D R IV E R ORDER F IL L E R (O rd e r p ic k e r ; sto ck s e le c t o r ; w areh ou se stock m a n ) F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c ifi c a t io n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s 1 o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to fillin g o r d e r s a n d in d ic a t in g it e m s f il l e d o r o m itte d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is i t io n a d d itio n a l s t o c k , o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , an d p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t e d d u tie s . PACKER, D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , e q u ip m e n t, o r m e n b e t w e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s u c h a s : M a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t s , fr e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le an d r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s an d c u s t o m e r s 1 h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s i n e s s . M a y a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , an d k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s iz e an d ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t , a s f o llo w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r sh o u ld b e r a te d on the b a s i s o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y . ) S H IP P IN G P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r sh ip m en t o r s t o r a g e b y p la c in g th e m in sh ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p on th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , the ty p e o f c o n t a in e r e m p lo y e d , an d m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e type and s i z e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th e r m a t e r ia l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n te r in g id e n tify in g data on c o n t a in e r . P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . T r u c k d r i v e r (c o m b in a t io n o f s i z e s l is t e d s e p a r a t e ly ) T r u c k d r i v e r , lig h t, (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ] T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d iu m (1 V2 to and in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a i l e r ty p e ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , o th e r than t r a i l e r ty p e ) TRUCKER, O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o ll e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s an d m a t e r ia l s o f a ll k in d s abou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t , o r o th e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K tru ck , P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h ip m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s an d is r e s p o n s ib le f o r in c o m in g sh ip m e n t o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r i a l s . S h ip p in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f sh ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m e a n s o f tr a n s p o r t a tio n an d r a t e s ; an d p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f ile o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g the m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t. R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r ify in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n ts a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r POW ER F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y type o f a s f o llo w s : T ru ck er, T ru ck er, p o w e r ( fo r k l ift ) p o w e r (o th e r th an fo r k l if t ) W ATCHM AN M a k e s r o u n d s o f p r e m i s e s p e r i o d i c a l l y in p r o t e c t in g p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , t h e ft, a n d i ll e g a l e n t r y . ☆ U. S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 O — 380485
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