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Occupational Wage Survey MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN APRIL 1963 Bulletin No. 1345-59 UNITED STA TES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . Willard W irtz, Secretary BU REA U OF LA BO R S TA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN APRIL 1963 Bulletin No. 1345-59 June 1 9 6 3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . Willard W irtz, Secretary BUREA U O F LABOR S TA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Preface Contents P age The L a b o r M arket O ccu pational W age S u rvey P r o g r a m In tr o d u c tio n __________________________________________________________________________________________ W a g e tre n d s fo r E ig h ty -t w o la b b r m a r k e t s c u r r e n t ly a re in clu d ed in the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m o f annual o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m a j o r l a b o r m a r k e t s . These s t u d i e s p r o v i d e da ta on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e l a t e d supplem entary b enefits. I n f o r m a t i o n on r e l a t e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s i s o b t a i n e d b i e n n i a l l y in m o s t o f the l a b o r m arkets. s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s 1 4 T a b le s : 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts 2. P e rc e n ts a n d w o r k e r s w ith in of in c r e a s e s t r a ig h t -t im e in A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t w h ich p r e s e n t s earn in gs t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s and a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in s e l e c t e d j o b s i s r e l e a s e d w it h in a m o n t h a f t e r the c o m p l e t i o n o f the s tu d y in e a c h a r e a . This bu lletin p r o v i d e s a d d i t i o n a l da ta not i n c l u d e d in the p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t . A : fo r fo r of su rv e y s a la r ie s s a la r ie s s e le c te d _______________________________ o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s ___________________ 5 O ffic e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m en _________________________________ 6 P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n A -3 . O ffic e , and w o m e n m en _______________ p r o fe s s io n a l, and w o m en 9 an d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s— c o m b in e d ______________________________________________ A -4 . M a in te n a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s A -5 . C u s to d ia l an d m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s M in im u m B -2 . S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a ls B -3 . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s B -6 . H e a lth , A p p e n d ix : e n tra n c e s a la r ie s fo r w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s 14 15 ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ an d p e n s io n p la n s _____________________________ ___________________________________________________ - S im ila r tabulations a re a v a ila b le f o r (S e e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . ) o th e r A cu r r e n t r e p o r t o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r a c t i c e s in the M i l w a u k e e a r e a , i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r th e m a c h i n e r y i n d u s t r i e s (June 1 9 62). Union s c a l e s , in d ica tiv e of p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a r e available f o r the f o l l o w i n g t r a d e s o r i n d u s t r i e s : B u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c tion, prin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it operating e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s . iii 12 _____ ___________________________________________________________________ in s u r a n c e , * NOTE: areas. ________________ 10 11 _____________________________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s m ajor ________________________ an d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s :* B -l. T h i s b u l l e t i n w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in C h i c a g o , 111., b y M a r v i n C l i c k , u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f W o o d r o w C. Lin n , A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W a g e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . 5 and s t r a ig h t -t im e A -2 . B: 3 O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s :* A - 1. A t w o - p a r t s u m m a r y b u l l e t i n i s i s s u e d a f t e r the c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll o f the a r e a b u l l e t i n s f o r a r o u n d o f s u r v e y s ( f o r th e c u r r e n t r o u n d o f s u r v e y s , the f i r s t p a r t o f th is b u l l e t i n w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e l a t e in 1963 and the s e c o n d p a r t e a r l y in 1964). The f i r s t p a r t p r e s e n t s individual l a b o r m a r k e t d a ta . T h e s e c o n d p a r t p r e s e n t s da ta r e l a t i n g t o a ll m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in the U n ite d S t a te s . __________________ and s e le c te d s e le c te d p e r io d s In d e x e s o f s ta n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r ly e a r n in g s scop e s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , 3. _____________________________________ 16 17 18 20 21 Occupational Wage Survey—Milwaukee, Wis. Introduction T h i s a r e a i s 1 o f 82 l a b o r m a r k e t s i n w h i c h the U. S. D e p a rtm en t o f L a b o r 's B ureau o f L a b o r S tatistics con du cts su rv eys o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and r e l a t e d w a g e b e n e f i t s o n an a r e a w i d e ba sis. In th is a r e a , d a t a w e r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b road in du stry d iv ision s: M anufacturing; tran sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry grou ps e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d i e s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s a n d the c o n s tr u c t io n and e x t r a c t i v e in d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a re o m itted b e c a u s e they t e n d to f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d to w arran t in clu sion . S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b ro a d in d u stry d iv isio n s w hich m e e t pu b lica tion c r it e r ia . s c h e d u l e s ( r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e pa id ; a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t i o n s h av e b e e n r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . D i f f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w h i c h b o t h m e n a n d w o m e n a r e c o m m o n l y e m p l o y e d a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d i f f e r e n c e s in the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f the s e x e s a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ; (2) d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d , a lt h o u g h the o c c u p a t i o n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y c l a s s i f i e d w ith in th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n ; a n d (3) d i f f e r e n c e s in l e n g t h o f s e r v i c e o r m e r i t r e v i e w w h e n i n d i v i d u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d j u s t e d o n th is b a s i s . Longer a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u l d r e s u l t in h i g h e r a v e r a g e p a y w h e n b o t h s e x e s a r e e m p l o y e d w it h in the s a m e r a t e r a n g e . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d i n c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u c te d on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e of th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . To o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s t u d i e d . In c o m b i n i n g the data, h o w e v e r , all e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w eigh t. Es t i m a t e s b a s e d o n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n th e i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g a n d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e s t u d i e d . O ccu pations O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the t o t a l in a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in the s c o p e o f the s t u d y a nd n o t the n u m b e r a c tu ally s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n l y to i n d i c a t e the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s t u d i e d . These differences in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do n ot m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n i n g s da ta . and E a rn in g s The o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , a n d a r e o f the follow in g types: (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; (c ) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (d) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m ent. O ccu p a tio n a l c l a s s ifi c a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t i e s w it h i n the s a m e j o b . T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e l i s t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d in th e a p p e n d i x . E a r n i n g s da t a f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d i n the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t i n th e •o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h da t a to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t da ta . E stablish m en t P r a c tic e s I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d ( in th e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s a s t h e y r e l a t e to o f f i c e a n d pla n t w o r k e r s . The c o n c e p t " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u se d in t h is b u l l e t i n , i n c l u d e s w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s a nd n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d f u n c t i o n s , and e x c l u d e s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n n e l . "P lant w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g f o r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s (inclu din g l e a d m e n a nd t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . A dm in istra tive, e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c tion e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x clu ded . C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s a n d r o u t e m e n a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but i n c l u d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u stries. O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t a n d e a r n i n g s da ta a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e i n the g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n i n g s da t a e x c l u d e p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and in ce n tiv e ea rn in gs a re in clu d ed . W here w eekly h ours a re r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e i s t o the w o r k and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s ( t a b l e B - l ) r e l a t e o n l y to the e s ta b lish m en ts v is ite d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l m i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y p o l i c i e s . 1 2 Sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l da ta ( t a b l e B - 2 ) a r e l i m i t e d to m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u stries. T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d b o t h in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 1 p r e s e n t e d i n t e r m s o f t o t a l p la n t w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , a n d (b) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h if t at the t i m e o f th e s u r v e y . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t a p p l y i n g to a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y , the c l a s sifica tion "o t h e r " was u sed. In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n w h i c h s o m e l a t e s h if t h o u r s a r e p a i d at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d o n l y i f it a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y o f th e s h i f t h o u r s . T h e s c h e d u l e d h o u r s ( t a b l e B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f th e f i r s t s h i f t w o r k e r s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e t a b u l a t e d a s a p p l y i n g t o a l l o f the p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th at e s t a b l i s h m e n t . P aid holidays; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; a n d h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p la n s ( t a b l e s B - 4 t h r o u g h B - 6 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y o n the b a s i s th at t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e to a l l p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a l l y q u a l i f y f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . Sums o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s in t a b l e s B - 2 t h r o u g h B - 6 m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f rou nd ing. D a ta o n p a i d h o l i d a y s ( t a b l e B - 4 ) a r e l i m i t e d to data o n h o l i d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a l l y o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r i n w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (2) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m . H oli d a y s o r d i n a r i l y g r a n t e d a r e i n c l u d e d e v e n th o u g h t h e y m a y f a l l o n a n o n w o r k d a y , e v e n i f th e w o r k e r i s not g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f . The f i r s t p a r t o f th e p a id h o l i d a y s t a b l e p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o l e and half h o lid a y s a ctu a lly g ra n ted . The s e c o n d part c o m b i n e s w hole a n d h a l f h o l i d a y s to s h o w t o t a l h o l i d a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p la n s ( t a b l e B - 5 ) i s l i m i t e d to fo rm a l p olicie s, exclu din g in fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts w h e r e b y tim e off w ith p a y i s g r a n t e d at th e d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p l o y e r . Separate e s t i m a t e s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to e m p l o y e r p r a c t i c e i n c o m p u t i n g v a c a t io n p a y m e n ts, such as tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in gs, o r fla t-s u m am ounts. H o w e v e r , i n the t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t i o n p a y , p a y m e n t s n o t o n a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a ym e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s w as c o n s i d e r e d a s the e q u i v a l e n t o f 1 w e e k ' s p a y . 1 A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v i n g a p o l i c y i f it m e t e i t h e r o f the f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s : (1) O p e r a t e d l a t e s h if t s at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) h a d f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g l a t e s h i f t s . An e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s i f i t (1) h a d o p e r a t e d l a t e s h i f t s d u r i n g th e 12 m o n t h s p r i o r to th e s u r v e y , o r (2) had p r o v i s i o n s in w r i t t e n f o r m f o r o p e r a t i n g la te s h i f t s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n p la n s ( t a b l e B - 6 ) f o r w h i c h a t l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t i s b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r , e x c e p t i n g o n l y l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s s u c h a s w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . S u c h p la n s i n c l u d e t h o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y a nd t h o s e p r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a u n i o n fu n d o r p a i d d i r e c t l y b y the e m p l o y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s i d e f o r th is p u r pose. D eath b e n e fits a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f life in s u r a n c e . S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e i s l i m i t e d to th at ty p e o f i n su ra n ce under w hich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h paym ents a re m ade d ir e ctly to th e i n s u r e d o n a w e e k l y o r m o n t h l y b a s i s d u r i n g i l l n e s s o r a c cid ent d isa b ility. In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p la n s to w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a nd N e w J e r s e y , w hich have e n acted t e m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su r a n c e law s w hich r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 2 p l a n s a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y i f the e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e th a n i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2) p r o v i d e s the e m p l o y e e w it h b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d th e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u l a t i o n s o f p a i d s i c k - l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s 3 w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r in g absence fro m w ork because of illn e ss. S ep arate tabu lation s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g to (1) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y a n d no w a it in g p e r i o d , a n d (2) p la n s w h i c h p r o v i d e e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y o r a w a it in g period. In a d d i t i o n to the p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r paid s i c k le a v e , an u n d u p lica te d tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e i v e e ith e r o r both types of b en efits. C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x t e n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s t h o s e p la n s w h i c h a r e d e s i g n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s a n d i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , a n d s u r g i c a l p l a n s . M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s t o p la n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l paym ent of d o c to rs ' fe e s. S u c h p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t i o n s o r they m a y be s e lf -in s u r e d . T a b u l a t i o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to t h o s e p la n s th at p r o v i d e m o n t h l y p a y m e n t s f o r th e r e m a i n d e r o f th e w o r k e r ' s l i f e . 2 The t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n i a and R h ode Island do n o t r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s . 3 An e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s i d e r e d as having a f o r m a l plan if it e s t a b l i s h e d at l e a s t the m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s i c k l e a v e th at c o u l d b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . S u c h a p la n n e e d not be w r i t t e n , b ut i n f o r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s , d e t e r m i n e d o n an i n d i vidual b a s is , w e r e e x clu d e d . 3 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ie d in M ilw a u k e e , W is ., 1 b y m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv is io n , 2 A p r il 1963 In du stry d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s M in im um e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in s c o p e o f study ___________________________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________ _____ ____________ _______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s 5 ___ _________ _________ ___________________ W h o le s a le tra d e ______________________ - _______________ R e ta il tra d e F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ____________________ S e r v i c e s 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N u m ber o f e sta b lis h m e n ts W ithin scope of stu dy 1 3 2 W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m e n ts W ithin s c o p e o f study Studied Studied T o ta l 4 O ffic e Plant T o ta l 4 802 190 2 5 1 ,0 0 0 43, 200 167, 100 167, 740 " 391 411 93 97 1 6 6 ,5 0 0 84, 500 22, 700 20, 500 119, 200 47, 900 116, 640 51, 100 50 50 50 50 50 54 91 127 67 72 50 20 19 25 16 17 2 1 ,5 0 0 10, 700 30, 800 11 , 900 9, 600 3, 900 (6) (6) (6) (6) 12 ,2 0 0 (6) (6) (7) (‘ ) 1 8 ,2 1 0 3, 840 19, 400 6 , 580 3, 070 1 The M ilw au k ee S tand ard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f M ilw au k ee and W aukesh a C o u n tie s. The " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f study" e s t im a t e s show n in th is table p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d e d in the s u r v e y . Th e e s t im a t e s a r e not intended, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith oth er em p lo y m e n t in d e x e s f o r the a r e a to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in adva n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and (2) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the s c o p e of the s u r v e y . 2 Th e 1957 r e v i s e d e d itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u s e d in c la s s ify in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim ita tio n . A ll o u tle ts (w ithin the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in such in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n p ic tu r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In clu d es e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m the se p a r a te o f fic e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 8 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , and fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . S ep a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f data f o r th is d iv is io n is not m a d e f o r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t in the d iv is io n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it s e p a r a te study, (2) the' sa m p le w a s not d e s ig n e d in it ia lly to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequ ate to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d i s c lo s u r e o f in divid u al e s ta b lis h m e n t data. 7 W o r k e r s f r o m this e n tire in d u s try d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , but f r o m the r e a l e s ta te p o r tio n on ly in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the S e r ie s B t a b le s . S e p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n of data f o r th is d iv is io n is not m ad e f o r one o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s g iv en in fo o tn o te 6 ab ov e. 8 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 2 a r e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e i n a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e r e l a t e to a v e r a g e w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o r k , that i s , the s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r w h i c h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a i d . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , t h e y m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a nd la te s h i f t s . The p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d o n d a t a f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in e a c h g r o u p . T h e o f f i c e c l e r i c a l d a t a a r e b a s e d o n m e n and w o m e n in th e f o l l o w i n g 19 j o b s : B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B; c l e r k s , accou n tin g , c la s s A and B; c l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A , B , a nd C ; c l e r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o l l ; C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ; k e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A a nd B; o f f i c e b o y s and g i r l s ; s e c r e t a r i e s ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ; s t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ;' tabu latin g-m ach in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ; a nd t y p i s t s , c l a s s A a nd B . T h e in d u s t r ia l n u rs e data a re b a s e d o n m e n and w o m e n i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s . M e n in th e f o l l o w i n g 8 s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e j o b s a nd 2 u n s k i l l e d j o b s a r e i n c l u d e d in the p la n t w o r k e r da ta : S k i l l e d — c a r p e n t e r s ; e l e c t r i c i a n s ; m a c h i n i s t s ; m e c h a n i c s ; m e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ; p a i n t e r s ; p i p e f i t t e r s ; and t o o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n s k i l l e d — j a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s ; and l a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l handling. A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la rie s or a v e ra g e h o u rly earn ings w e re c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . The average s a l a r i e s o r h o u r l y e a r n i n g s w e r e th e n m u l t i p l i e d b y e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h o f the j o b s d u r i n g the p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 1 9 6 1. T h e s e w eigh ted e a r n in g s f o r i n d i v i d u a l o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e th e n t o t a l e d to o b t a i n an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p . F i n a l l y , the r a t i o ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e ) o f the g r o u p a g g r e g a t e f o r the o n e y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r th e o t h e r y e a r w a s c o m p u t e d and the d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the r e s u l t and 100 is the p e r c e n t a g e o f c h a n g e f r o m th e o n e p e r i o d to th e o t h e r . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e m e a s u r e , p r i n c i p a l l y , th e e f f e c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in the s a m e j o b ; and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s du e to c h a n g e s in th e l a b o r f o r c e resu ltin g fr o m labor tu rn over, f o r c e exp an sions, fo r c e red uctions, and c h a n g e s in th e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w ith o u t a c t u a l wage changes. F o r e x a m p l e , a f o r c e e x p a n s i o n m i g h t i n c r e a s e the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a i d w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t i o n and l o w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c t i o n in the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a id w o r k e r s w o u l d h a v e the o p p o s i t e e f f e c t . S i m i l a r l y , the m o v e m e n t o f a h i g h - p a y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u l d c a u s e the a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s to d r o p , e v e n t h o u g h no c h a n g e in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a . T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s th e e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in th e d a t a . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a r e n ot i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s o r in p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , s in c e they a re b a s e d on pay f o r s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r s . T h e a b o v e t e x t r e p r e s e n t s the m e t h o d u s e d in c o m p u t i n g a n e w t r e n d s e r i e s ( t a b l e 2). T h i s s e r i e s , i n i t i a t e d w it h th e e x p a n s i o n o f th e l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m to 80 S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s , w i l l r e p l a c e th e o l d s e r i e s (1 9 5 3 b a s e ) s h o w n in t a b l e 3. C h a n g e s in the j o b s s u r v e y e d a nd j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s s i n c e th e s t a r t o f the o l d s e r i e s c a l l e d f o r a r e e x a m i n a t i o n o f the j o b s and j o b g r o u p i n g s f o r w h i c h t r e n d s w e r e to b e c o m p u t e d . T h e n e w s e r i e s c o v e r s th e s a m e j o b g r o u p i n g s a s th e e a r l i e r s e r i e s w ith th e f o l l o w i n g e x c e p t i o n s : T h e c l e r i c a l and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e g r o u p s , f o r m e r l y r e s t r i c t e d t o w o m e n , n o w i n c l u d e b o t h m e n and w o m e n . C h a n g e s w e r e a l s o m a d e in th e j o b s i n c l u d e d w it h in j o b g r o u p i n g s in o r d e r th at an i d e n t i c a l l i s t c o u l d b e e m p l o y e d in a l l a r e a s . 5 T a ble 2. P e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e in standard w eek ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-t im e h o u rly ea rn in gs f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s in M ilw au k ee, W is. , f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s A p r il 1961 to A p r il 1962 A p r il 1962 to A p r il 1963 Industry and o c c u p a tio n a l grou p A p r il 1960 to A p r il 1961 A ll in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w om en) ___________ In d u strial n u r s e s (m e n and w om en ) _______ S k illed m ain ten an ce (m en) ------------------------U n sk illed plant (m en) ____________ _____ __ 3. 3. 3. 3. 4 6 9 8 2. 4. 2. 2. 3 3 6 4 3. 5. 3. 3. 1 0 5 6 M a n u fa ctu rin g : O ffic e c le r i c a l (m en and w om en) -------------In d u strial n u r s e s (m e n and w om en) _______ S k illed m ain ten an ce (m en) --------------------------U n sk illed plant (m en) ____________ _________ 3. 4 3. 6 3. 8 4 .6 2. 4. 2. 2. 5 3 1 3 4. 5. 3. 3. 0 0 6 5 T able 3. Indexes o f standard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-t im e h o u rly e a rn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s in M ilw au kee, W is. , A p r il 1963 and A p r il 1962 ( A p r il 1953=100) Industry and o c c u p a tio n a l group A p r il 1963 A p r il 1962 A ll in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c le r i c a l (w om en) ---------------------------In d u strial n u r s e s (w om en) -------------------------S killed m ain ten an ce (m en) -------------------------U n sk illed plant (m en) ----------------------------------- 145. 159. 154. 146. 6 1 0 3 140. 153. 148. 141. 8 6 3 7 M a n u fa ctu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en) ------------------------------In d u strial n u r s e s (w om en) -------------------------S killed m ain ten an ce (m en) -------------------------U n sk illed plant (m en) ----------------------------------- 151. 159. 154. 149. 1 7 3 0 145. 154. 148. 142. 9 2 7 6 A: Occupational Earnings 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , M ilw a u k e e , W is . , A p r il 1963) A verage Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of Weekly^ (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— * 45' * 40 Weekly earning*1 and (Standard) u n d e r 45 50 * 50 * 55 * 60 * 65 >70 *75 * 80 *85 * 90 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 7 12 * 95 * 100 100 105 n o 53 41 ’ 105 ‘ n o *115 * 120 *125 ’ 130 *135 ’ 140 *145 *150 *155 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 16 0 27 13 14 29 15 14 37 23 14 48 38 36 18 21 9 12 10 6 2 4 1 8 3 - 2 1 1 9 9 18 18 9 4 *160 and Men C lerks, accounting, cla s s A ----------------Manufacturing —----------------------- --------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 374 225 39. 5 40. 0 $ 1 1 9 .5 0 122.00 - - - - - - - 1 1 7 4 149 39. 5 1 1 5 .0 0 - - - - - - - - 3 C lerks, accounting, cla s s B ----------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------Public utilities 2 --------------------------- 165 82 40. 0 4 0 .0 8 9 . 50 9 2 . 50 _ _ _ 3 3 4 - 10 - 5 40. 5 40. 0 - 3 83 9 3 . 50 - - - - - C lerks, o rd e r ----------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 215 40. 0 40. 0 105. 50 1 0 7 .5 0 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 40. 0 103. 00 C lerks, p a y roll -------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 74 40. 0 1 1 3 .0 0 _ 53 40. 0 1 1 1 . 50 • ■ - O ffice boys ---------------------------------------------M anufacturing _______________________ 139 .9 3 39. 5 4 0 .0 6 3 . 50 - 6 2 7 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la s s A -------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 87 55 39. 5 40. 0 1 1 9 . 50 1 2 0 .5 0 “ - Tabulating-m achine operators, c la s s B ------------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 169 117 52 39. 5 40. 0 99. 00 1 0 0 .5 0 9 5 . 50 - _ - - - 39. 0 -• - - - - 61 40. 0 8 1 .5 0 . . 2 84 40. 0 7 0 . 00 2 53 40. 0 7 3 . 50 8 1 12 1 4 12 113 72 4 0 .0 7 3 .0 0 4. 7 0 .0 0 21 11 33 4 0 .0 33 4 20 10 9 16 30 25 119 96 86 . 0 0 6 3 . 50 _ _ 1 11 11 . 49 45 3 - 1 1 22 _ 1 - 1 _ . - - _ " 21 6 5 14 2 2 14 16 7 5 9 36 31 26 23 5 28 7 5 2 13 10 11 3 3 - 43 4 30 18 25 4 6 27 - 24 _ 3 3 8 6 12 6 6 _ 1 " - 1 1 1 6 12 . . . “ “ 1 1 8 14 - 4 4 5 28 14 14 1 10 13 7 5 6 7 14 16 11 5 9 4 20 10 10 17 29 10 7 3 3 3 - 4 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - _ _ 17 4 4 2 1 1 - 21 12 12 6 - - 5 4 ■- 14 15 2 2 12 _ 1 1 1 _ 1 21 20 1 _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 2 5 _ _ _ - _ 5 - - _ _ _ _ - 4 - - - - 1 1 1 - - 2 2 4 9 11 9 “ 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - - > - 1 1 5 3 9 5 17 5 3 3 9 7 14 13 11 11 3 3 3 3 4 19 22 13 8 1 4 3 4 3 4 7 5 1 24 5 3 18 9 19 17 7 3 10 1 1 30 “ - 20 21 10 1 1 3 5 . 6 36 17 4 3 5 16 16 _ Tabulating-m achine op erators, 2 1 1 1 1 7 1 6 12 - " . " 9 24 23 1 3 7 9 19 15 4 4 8 1 1 4 1 1 12 13 10 3 7 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ Women B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) ------M anufacturing -----------------------------------B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) _______________________________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------B ook keeping-m ach ine o p erators, cla s s A -------------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonm anufacturing ----------------------------- 152 4 0 .0 39. 5 4 0 .0 327 39. 5 68 . 5 0 206 39. 5 40. 0 S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le, 5 5 “ 82. 00 75 B ookkeeping-m ach ine o p erators, M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonm anufacturing ----------------------------- - 85. 00 77 - 121 88 . 0 0 75. 50 6 4 .0 0 - - - - 2 2 - - 1 8 4 12 11 4 - 46 34 40 8 58 57 27 25 37 45 33 32 33 20 15 4 1 1 12 8 21 18 2 1 34 6 1 13 14 5 7 14 5 6 10 7 24 1 2 10 10 4 - 1 1 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en-----Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , M ilwaukee, W is. , A p ril 1963) S ee fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta ble, 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en-----Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , M ilw a u k e e , W i s ., A p r i l 1963) A verage N ber um of w orkers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— W eekly 1 40 * 45 W eekly^ earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 45 50 * 50 * 55 * 60 * 65 * 70 * 75 * 80 * 85 * 90 * 95 *100 *105 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 no 3 3 - 11 222 98 124 231 125 106 257 197 60 183 119 64 65 49 16 50 36 14 26 84 127 295 103 31 4 7 116 45 71 211 - 20 11 21 5 1 35 86 53 55 95 43 13 48 38 105 84 100 16 Sex, occupation, and industry division 21 18 21 11 36 6 3 23 14 9 9 18 15 3 15 3 3 17 4 36 17 19 9 *115 *120 *125 *130 *135 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 18 17 - - - - - - - 14 4 _ - . 1 . . . . - 1 - - - - 1 1 - - - *110 * 140 *145 * 150 *155 * 160 and 155 160 over - - - - - - - - - - - Women— Continued Stenographers, general — — _ — __ M anufacturing ___ — — — -----------Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ __ __ — 1,719 798 39.5 40.0 39.5 $76.00 79.00 72.50 Stenographers, senior __________________ 921 192 683 39.5 89.50 17 63 Nonmanufacturing --- ------- — — ----- 222 39.5 83.00 - - - - 12 37 19 Switchboard op era tors __________________ M anufacturing __ ------- ------- ------Nonmanufacturing __ — — --------------Pu blic utilities 2 - __ _ — 256 85 171 25 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 73.50 87.50 66.50 81.00 . 2 15 15 “ 39 56 4 52 20 - 16 7 9 Switchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ____ M anufacturing __ __ — _ — ------Nonmanufacturing __ _ __ ________ 444 242 40.0 40.0 39.5 73.50 76.50 70.00 - 202 T abulating-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s B __ . _____ _ _ Nonmarmf ad u r in g 83 50 39.5 40.0 83.50 83.50 - Tabulating-m achine op e ra to rs, c la s s C ___ — _______ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _____ _________ 79 71 39.5 39.5 73.00 72.00 - 423 185 39.5 40.0 72.00 76.00 - 880 54S~ 334 41 40.0 40.0 39.5 40.0 81.00 87.00 71.00 77.50 39.5 40.0 39.0 40.0 65.50 70.00 T ra n scrib in g-m a ch in e op e ra to rs, g e n e r a l ------------- ------- -----------------------M anufacturing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ T yp ists, cla ss A _________________________ T y p ists, cla ss B _________________________ 1,417 682 735 46 6 1.00 65.00 2 2 _ - 2 - - 5 5 - - 1 38 ~ 79 16 63 113 10 6 - - 4 16 1 68 44 24 45 20 5 23 6 12 12 2 11 8 4 11 1 l 4 1 2 2 1 44 27 17 61 46 15 22 8 6 6 22 “ 4 4 3 3 3 3 34 26 19 4 5 2 . 1 11 12 12 2 2 - - - - 164 157 66 56 19 19 3 1 7 7 8 8 15 15 23 6 8 7 22 3 5 6 74 4 59 35 85 33 63 39 75 37 15 90 15 75 137 54 83 105 50 92 54 85 50 37 5 5 27 1 1 8 10 1 2 3 17 3 15 2 13 12 l l 5 5 6 8 6 9 153 28 125 322 90 232 8 379 T5(5 219 17 160 102 58 in 62 49 77 134 45 44 10 17 10 38 10 Standard hours re fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees r e c e iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings c o rre sp o n d to these w eekly hours. Tran sportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Milwaukee, W is. , A p ril 1963) A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division N um ber of W eekly, hours (Standard) W eekly . (Standard) NU M BER O F W O R K E R S RE C EIV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E W EEK LY EA RN IN G S O F — Under 65 ‘ 70 and $ under 65 70 75 * 75 ’ 80 * 85 * 90 80 85 90 95 ' 95 * 100 * 105 1 110 * 115 * 120 * 125 * 130 * 135 * 140 * 145 * 150 * 155 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 1 1 100 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 . * 160 s 170 *180 * 190 *200 150 155 160 170 180 190 200 210 i “ 6 6 1 1 8 8 13 13 26 26 10 10 3 3 53 50 46 41 17 14 7 7 Men D raftsm en, lea d er -------------- ------- -----M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 80 79 40. 0 40. 0 $170.50 171. 00 D raftsm en, sen ior --------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 1,088 1, 035 40. 0 40. 0 129. 50 129. 50 D raftsm en, ju n ior ---------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 580 546 40. 0 40. 0 107. 00 107. 00 T r a c e r s ---------------------- ------- — — -----M anufacturing -------------------------------- _ 71 62 40. 0 40. 0 82. 50 85. 00 199 180 39. 5 39. 5 101. 50 101. 50 ‘ - * 1 1 - 1 1 11 11 31 25 89 87 128 125 105 102 139 136 82 74 104 98 88 87 121 120 32 26 33 30 67 66 89 87 60 60 81 78 57 51 43 43 23 19 12 11 12 12 8 8 5 5 6 5 2 2 5 5 “ 1 1 28 27 26 24 20 18 12 11 3 2 6 4 6 6 1 5 3 11 9 7 6 25 19 17 14 57 53 7 3 9 6 8 8 12 12 8 8 8 8 1 5 3 7 6 20 19 39 35 6 S - Women N urses, industrial (re g istered ) -----------M anufacturing ------------------ 25 24 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkweek fo r which em ployees re ce iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings c o rre sp o n d to these weekly hours. " - " - 10 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Milwaukee, W is., A p ril 1963) Number of O ccupation and industry division Average earnings * (Standard) 95 53 — 113 72 73.00 70.00 152 77 75 328 121 207 68.50 75.50 64.00 700 367 333 49 108.00 113.50 102.50 103.50 1,407 441 966 75.50 81.00 73.00 ----------------------------------------------------- 85.00 88.00 82.00 Nonmanufacturing B ookkeeping-m achine op e ra to rs, cla ss B -------------- ---- Nonmanufacturing _______________ — - ------------Pu blic utilities 1 ________________________ _____ 2 C lerk s, accounting, cla s s A -----------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing _______________________________ C lerks, ord er _______________________________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________ ___________ ____ f ! lp r ] f s p a y ro ll 644 237 407 81.00 92.50 74.50 629 427 202 65 739 328 411 58 70.00 75.50 65.50 73.00 76.00 79.00 72.50 82.00 M a m if^ f 't n r 'P g 684 462 222 252 150 102 94.00 96.50 89.50 140 94 76.50 72.50 T ra n scrib in g-m a ch in e op era tors, general ________ M annfarhiring 424 186 238 72.00 76.00 68.50 T yp ists, cla s s A ____________________________________ M anufacturing ____________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ________________________________ 887 551 336 81.00 87.00 71.50 1,439 694 745 56 65.50 70.00 61.00 80 79 170.50 1, 092 1 039 129.50 598 564 106.50 107.00 199 180 101.50 101.50 85 82.50 84.50 89.50 92.50 83.00 Manufacturing _____________________ _______ ___ Nonmanufacturing ________________________________ 256 85 171 25 73.50 87.50 66.50 81.00 84.50 84.50 85.00 88.50 Nonmanufacturing __ __ _________ _ ____ 444 242 202 73.50 76.50 70.00 ____ 43 P r o fe s s io n a l and technical occupations M anufacturing 1 Earnings relate to regular straigh t-tim e w eekly sa la rie s that are paid for standard w orkw eeks. 2 T ransportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. $119.00 119.00 81.00 83.50 77.50 1, 725 921 804 164 Stenographers, general ---------------------------------------------- 54.50 53.50 301 172 129 97.00 98.50 94.50 112.00 ^ p rr p ta r ip c 62.50 71.50 58.00 68.00 114 91 109 65 1.563 900 663 73 ______________________________ 76.00 82.00 69.50 665 215 450 75 98 60 68.00 69.50 61.50 65.00 58.50 O ffice boys and g irls Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------104 54 50 $71.00 77.50 68.50 344 151 193 Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- T abulating-m achine op era tors, cla ss A ----------------- T abulating-m achine op era tors, cla ss C ___________ — 651 192 459 D uplicating-m achine operators Manufacturing Bookkeeping-m achine o p era tors, cla ss A -------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Average weekly earnings (Standard) Tabulating-m achine op era tors, cla s s B ___________ - ---------------------- -------- of workers O ccupation and industry division O ffice occupations— Continued $73.50 73.50 Nonmanufacturing Nonmanufacturing ------------- Average weekly l earnings (Standard) O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) - Number of O ccupation and industry division - ___ ______ . __ ____ 11 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , M ilw a u k e e , W is . , A p r il 1963) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F — O ccupation and industry division Number of workers Carpenters, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing -------------------------------- _ Nonm anufacturing ----------------------------- 286 181 105 47 E lectricia n s, m aintenance — ------------ _ M anufacturing -----------— ---- 1.139 940 Average hourly . earnings s $ $ 1. 80 1. 90 2.00 and under 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 1 $ 3. 3. 2. 2. 04 08 98 67 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2.60 2. 70 2. 80 2.90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2.70 - - - - - - - - - - $ $ $ 3. 50 3.60 s S $ 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 4. 30 $ 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 4. 10 4. 20 4. 30 4. 40 17 6 11 11 47 18 29 23 10 9 1 10 8 2 38 20 18 4 18 14 4 29 28 1 1 11 7 4 4 18 15 3 7 3 4 51 37 14 - 14 14 _ _ _ _ - - 16 2 14 _ - _ _ _ _ 5 5 41 41 23 16 69 65 36 36 45 45 70 70 197 193 61 44 110 110 126 121 180 82 105 89 15 13 6 - 16 10 12 - 19 - - 13 25 25 31 31 - 6 5 1 - - - - _ _ _ _ 2 2 - _ - - - - - - - - - 2 2 ___ - _ _ $ 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3.90 3 ~ - 3. 38 3. 32 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 $ _ _ _ E ngineers, stationary ------------------------ _ M anufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 243 172 71 3. 04 3. 13 2. 80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 1 1 - 13 9 4 32 16 16 29 16 13 26 24 2 31 11 20 20 20 - 14 12 2 F irem en , stationary b o ile r ____________ M anufacturing ------------ — — — — _ 494 421 2. 68 2. 74 40 13 8 8 36 32 _ - 12 11 4 1 28 24 66 59 52 52 36 26 64 60 14 8 6 12 10 31 26 77 77 ' 12 12 H elpers, m aintenance trades ---------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 466 271 2. 56 2. 41 12 12 12 12 19 19 11 11 40 39 17 17 72 70 31 29 38 20 116 23 73 1 20 13 3 3 - - 2 2 - - M ach in e-tool op era to rs, to o lro o m ____ M anufacturing --------------------------- ------ 764 762 3. 39 3. 40 - - - - - - - 38 38 7 7 23 23 39 39 30 28 43 43 75 75 75 75 88 88 M achinists, m aintenance — ------- — _ M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 656 627 3. 41 3. 41 . _ _ _ . _ - - - - - - 1 1 4 4 29 29 4 4 20 8 3 3 24 24 26 26 34 ___ZQj 33 70 M echanics, autom otive (maintenance) --------------------------------------Manufacturing ------- — — ------- — . Nonm anufacturing ----------------------------- 687 210 477 3. 10 3. 07 3. 12 - 27 27 11 11 - - 15 10 5 52 10 42 96 11 85 69 48 21 18 6 12 278 42 236 M echanics, m aintenance ----------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------- 1,040 978 M illw rights ---------------------- --------------------M anufacturing —---— — -----O ilers -------------- _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ 92 92 172 172 61 61 20 20 1 1 - - - - 117 117 54 54 264 251 3 - - 3 3 - - - - 60 7 53 15 10 5 19 15 4 13 13 - - - - - _ _ - - - - - _ _ 4 1 4 3 _ _ 2 - _ 4 - _ - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ . - 7 - - 7 - - - 7 - - - - 7 - 3. 12 3. 10 - - - - - - 2 2 41 41 19 19 152 152 93 85 56 56 222 221 38 31 . 55 38 34 32 247 245 29 26 36 26 461 454 3. 18 3. 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 30 30 27 27 12 12 23 23 15 15 40 40 48 48 111 111 28 21 93 93 _ - - 34 34 343 343 2. 80 2. 80 _ 8 8 _ 5 5 10 10 13 13 57 57 56 56 41 41 11 11 40 40 19 19 77 77 P ainters, m aintenance --------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------- 187 145 3. 17 3. 16 7 6 6 6 ii 9 10 1 9 9 32 31 12 8 19 9 33 31 5 1 - 38 30 1 - P ip efitters, m aintenance — — — — _ M anufacturing ------------------------------------ 320 293 3. 27 3. 27 10 10 _ 10 7 8 8 17 15 55 55 17 14 59 53 10 2 94 94 5 - _ _ - 35 35 - - - S heet-m etal w ork ers, m aintenance ------ 145 3. 32 1 1 30 18 4 24 50 5 9 3 _ _ _ 1,351 1,351 3. 65 3. 65 15 15 38 38 54 54 33 33 199 199 148 148 162 162 250 250 304 304 116 116 7 7 ------------------------------------- T ool and die m akers -----------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------- . - - - - - 4 4 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. - 2 2 11 11 . _ _ j . . 6 6 - _ _ - _ - - _ _ 8 8 4 4 12 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , M ilw a u k e e , W i s ., A p r i l 1963) N U M BER OF W ORKERS R E CE IVIN G STR AIG H T-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Num ber of w orkers O ccu p a tion 1 and industry division $ . Average s1.00 *1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 S1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 s2.40 s2.50 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 s 2.90 S3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $ 3.50 hourly earnings 2 and and under 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 E levator op era tors, passen ger 43 $ 1.39 - 10 16 6 6 6 - - - - - - 1 - _ _ 4 1,043 571 355 1.92 2.42 2.54 2.23 - 2 - 382 - 31 1 1 17 7 7 7 - 8 4 4 6 - 37 30 5 25 38 35 4 31 37 32 19 13 56 56 11 ' 45 42 41 17 24 14 14 11 70 62 55 28 28 26 94 94 90 152 145 90 55 17 17 17 5 5 5 - - - _ - _ 1, 924 1,469 455 87 2.16 2.28 1.76 i 1 28 8 20 46 7 39 74 18 56 32 13 19 30 6 24 82 6 76 63 37 26 99 68 31 94 62 219 213 6 148 123 212 204 157 142 329 316 190 178 12 - - 2 2 - - - - - _ 10 106 66 40 26 13 12 Janitors, p orters , and clea n ers (women) _______________________________ M anufacturing ---- ------- __ __ Nonmanufacturing __ — ------- — — 1, 027 435 592 1.71 2.09 1.42 23 23 12 12 - 124 8 116 154 8 146 145 19 126 66 78 7 71 84 27 57 79 39 40 19 15 4 19 19 - 24 24 - 50 45 5 46 45 1 23 22 1 124 123 1 _ - 14 14 - 9 8 1 - - - - - - - - L a b o re rs , m aterial handling ___________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ Pu blic utilities 3 _ __ __ — — 3, 701 2, 774 927 373 2.44 2.43 2.47 2.87 “ 72 72 “ 36 26 10 “ 35 31 4 " 97 91 6 " 62 18 44 " 14 14 40 20 20 9 141 123 18 104 74 30 14 126 77 49 2 149 136 13 249 236 13 _ 446 404 42 4 301 192 109 56 383 381 2 464 463 1 - 200 101 99 6 36 36 146 115 31 - 317 3 314 282 281 281 - - 2 2 - _ - _ - - - O rd er f i l l e r s ___ _ __ — ------- -------M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ 1,284 339 945 2.53 2.44 2.57 4 4 4 4 4 4 ‘ 12 2 10 4 4 16 16 25 13 12 n 54 - 1 1 - - P a ck ers, shipping (men) _______________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ____ __ __ _ 879 665 214 2.46 2.51 2.31 - - * - 6 6 - 9 9 23 14 9 13 4 9 5 5 14 14 - P a ck ers, shipping (w o m e n )__ __ __ _ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing __ — — — -------- 303 18T 117 1.94 2.08 1.72 _ " _ " 10 10 24 6 18 32 11 21 16 2 14 24 22 2 15 8 7 22 22 R eceiving c le r k s _ ___________ 382 2.57 . . 2 1 1 3 8 181 2.60 - - 2 - 1 1 3 8 2.71 2.73 2.65 _ _ - _ - _ - _ - 8 8 _ - _ - _ - Nonn anufacturing Guards and watchmen __ ------- ------------M anufacturing ___ — ------- — — Guards ___________ — ------- -------- Janitors, p o rte rs , and clea n ers (men) ___________________________________ M anufacturing ______ ____________ ■PuHliV hHIi H as 3 ____ — Nonm anufacturing ____________ ____ Shipping cle rks _____ __ ________ _____ M anufacturing ______ __ ____ _____ Nonm anufacturing _____ _ __ _____ 282 231 51 Shipping and receivin g c l e r k s __________ Man nf a rfrn ri ng Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 248 2.57 114 2.56 See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le . " 6 119 23 96 137 53 84 49 41 8 47 29 18 80 71 9 194 50 144 36 21 15 63 i - - - - 54 142 20 122 281 - n 281 63 1 30 49 36 13 56 8 48 35 27 8 37 29 8 202 194 8 39 39 - 123 123 - 103 40 63 61 61 - 38 16 22 11 10 1 13 12 1 1 1 - - 4 - 7 7 - 4 4 - 16 16 _ 5 4 1 34 5 29 38 38 20 5 15 17 17 2 2 21 21 1 1 6 — 5 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 5 5 17 24 23 18 34 32 37 80 22 4 5 5 6 9 11 7 17 7 32 6 _ - 1 1 8 7 1 12 2 10 26 24 2 18 14 4 . 54 46 8 17 17 - 31 19 12 22 22 - 10 48 12 13 8 7 45 6 5 1 12 11 1 38 9 8 - 10 10 26 10 10 - 60 4 1 1 57 2 1 1 - - 10 10 - 21 16 5 8 2 6 25 25 * 13 12 1 * 8 7 1 6 25 9 40 . . . . 1 3 5 30 “ “ 13 Tabic A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , M ilw a u k e e , W i s ., A p r i l 1963) NUM BER OF WORKERS R E CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARN INGS OF— O ccu p ation 1 cind industry division Number of workers Average * 1 .0 0 hourly and earnings 2 * 1 .1 0 * 1 .2 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 0 * 1 .4 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 $ 1 .5 0 * 1 .6 0 * 1 .7 0 * 1 .8 0 *1.9 0 * 2 .0 0 * 2 .1 0 *2 . 2 0 * 2 .3 0 * 2 .4 0 * 2 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 -2 J 1 C L 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 64 71 68 3 117 * 2 .6 0 $ $ 3 .0 0 *3 .1 0 *3 . 2 0 * 3 .3 0 * 3 .4 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 320 246 24 222 2 .7 0 * 2 .8 0 * 2 .9 0 2 ,7 .0 . 2 , 8 0 2 ,9 0 1 .1 0 T ru ck d river s 4 ----------------- -------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufactur Lng ___________________ 2. 712 697 2, 015 1 ,4 0 4 $ 2 .8 9 2 .7 5 - 9 - 45 - - 10 10 8 - 18 10 33 - 23 - 26 20 18 9 9 45 - - 8 8 10 2 6 18 - 2 .9 3 3 .0 5 - 2 .6 3 - - 9 2 39 25 25 T r u ck d riv ers , light (under 1 '/2 tons) ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ------------ ------------M anufacturing N onm anufacturing ---------------------- 207 124 83 T ru ck d riv e rs , m edium ( l l/2 to and including 4 tons) _______________ 709 2 .6 2 - - 18 9 9 45 - - 5 18 32 23 2 20 43 524 312 2 .6 5 2 .9 7 _ - 18 9 9 45 - - 5 8 9 2 19 1 23 1, 001 3 .1 0 Nonm anufacturing __ ____ — __ T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (over 4 tons, tr a ile r type) ________________________ 2 .5 6 2 .7 4 * 3 .5 0 and under - - - - - 10 10 - - 3 _ - • 3 - - 5 11 53 1 4 11 53 * 7 95 60 187 40 197 63 88 88 35 147 134 - 54 29 30 " 28 26 25 26 8 8 23 4 r fu r in p 226 94 8 12 12 2 216 1234 85 1149 1035 2 - - 2 1 1 - - - _ - - _ _ - 27 4 - 26 17 - - 17 23 1 - 26 - 66 108 176 99 - - - _ 53 65 23 162 99 96 _ _ _ _ 871 2 1 _ _ - - _ _ 6 1 27 1 156 66 10 10 - 66 0 P u b lic 3 707 T r u ck d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) ____________ Nonmannfa rhiring T ru ck ers , pow er (forklift) Nonmanufacturing __________________ ________________ T ru ck ers , power (other than forklift) _ ____________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________ 1 2 3 4 3 .1 3 550 2 .9 3 1. 150 2 .6 7 ' 135 2 .6 7 378 2 .5 8 2 .5 8 359 700 1 9 - - - - Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except w here otherw ise indicated. E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. T ransportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Includes all driv e rs re g a rd le ss of size and type of truck operated. - - 2 1 8 13 20 9 - _ 30 101 6 - 1 1 103 _ _ 37 13 4 13 147 146 1 20 32 7 _ 12 71 61 254 253 1 159 38 32 1 1 _ _ 42 41 1 158 2 83 82 1 60 3 - 34 _ 28 4 44 44 9 9 9 9 27 17 36 34 212 211 26 253 7 _ B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D is t r ib u t io n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r y f o r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , M ilw a u k e e , W is. , A p r il 1963) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M an u factu rin g M in im u m w e e k ly s t r a ig h t-t im e s a l a r y 1 2 O th er in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s N on m an u factu rin g B a s e d on stan d ard w e e k ly h o u rs 3 o f ----- A ll in d u s tr ie s A ll s c h e d u le s E s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 42. 50 $ 45. 00 $ 47. 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 55. 00 $ 57. 50 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 67. 50 $ 70. 00 $ 7 2 . 50 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 77. 50 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 82. 50 $ 8 5 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u nd er u nd er u n d er und er u nd er u n d er und er u nd er u n d er u n d er over $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 45. 00 $ 47. 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 57. 50 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 67. 50 $ 70. 00 $ 72. 50 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 7 7 . 50 $ 80. 00 $ 8 2 .5 0 $ 85. 00 B a s e d on stan d ard w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f ----- A ll in d u s tr ie s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 40 190 93 XXX 97 XXX 190 93 XXX 97 XXX ----------------------------- 88 50 45 38 32 100 51 45 49 42 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 5 8 9 _________________________ — — _________________________ _______ ________________________________ ________________________________ __________________ ~ „ — — _________ ________ — — — — --------------------------------- — ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — — — 3 2 23 7 12 14 10 6 6 6 6 3 8 11 7 2 7 9 5 2 2 - - 3 - - 2 1 17 1 4 1 1 14 1 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 - - 3 2 - - 2 1 7 5 7 7 4 8 1 14 2 6 .0 2 21 7 11 17 9 4 2 - 6 1 12 1 3 3 8 7 3 3 3 3 1 3 - - 3 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 - - — 3 ------------------ 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 1 2 - - - - - 1 2 1 - - 1 2 1 - - 1 2 1 - - --------------------------------------- — ................... - ----------- ---------------- ---------- _______ - 1 2 - --------------------------- 37 21 XXX 16 XXX 49 24 E s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich did not e m p lo y w o r k e r s in th is c a t e g o r y _______________________________________________________________ 65 22 XXX 43 XXX 41 18 -------------------------------------------------------------------- _________________________________________________ E s ta b lis h m e n ts h aving n o s p e c ifie d m in im u m 1 T h e se s a la r ie s r e la te to f o r m a lly e s t a b lis h e d m in im u m sta r tin g (h irin g ) r e g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s that a r e paid f o r sta n d a rd w o rk w e e k s . 2 E x clu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r ic a l jo b s s u ch as m e s s e n g e r o r o f f i c e g ir l. 3 D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll sta n d a rd w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n sta n d a rd w o rk w e e k r e p o r t e d . 2 N on m an u factu rin g ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- E s ta b lis h m e n ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m 40 A ll s ch e d u le s M an u factu rin g 1 - - XXX 25 XXX XXX 23 XXX 15 Table B-2. Shift Differentials (S h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s by type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, M ilw a u k e e , W i s ., A p r il 1963) P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s — In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l A c tu a lly w ork in g on— S e co n d sh ift w o rk T o ta l .................................................................................. W ith s h ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l _ _____________ U n ifo r m c e n ts (p e r hou r) ------------- -------------- T h ir d o r o th e r sh ift w o rk S e co n d sh ift 93. 1 86. 5 21. 2 5 .3 92. 6 86. 4 21. 1 5 .3 6 9 .7 56. 8 14. 7 3.2 _ U nder 5 c e n ts --------------------------------------------5 c e n ts ------------------ -----------------------------------6 c e n ts _____ _ ______________________ — 7 c e n ts _____ _____ — _______________ __ 7 V 2 ce n ts __________________________________ 8 c e n ts _ _ ------------- -----------------------------8*/z ce n ts — ________ ____________ ______ 9 c e n ts _____ ______________________________ 10 c e n ts ___________________________________ 11 c e n ts ______ — ----------------------- — — 12 c e n ts ---------- ------- ----------------------- — 13 c e n ts ___________________________________ 14 c e n ts ____________________ _____________ 15 c e n ts ----- ---------------------------------------- — 17 c e n ts ________________________ — --------18 c e n ts ____________________________________ 19 c e n ts ___________________________________ 20 c e n ts ----- ------------- ----------------------- — O v e r 20 c e n ts ------ ------- ------- ------- — .5 5. 2 .9 4. 8 .5 7. 7 .6 25. 1 6 .0 6. 2 5. 4 3. 8 .5 - 2. 2 .3 .6 .7 9 .7 1 .4 5. 4 8 .0 2. 5 15. 8 2. 0 2. 7 2. 1 2 .9 2. 7 U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e __________________________ 21. 4 - . 1 1. 1 .2 1. 1 . 1 1 .9 .2 5. 1 - .9 1 .4 1. 2 .7 . 1 - T h ir d o r o th e r sh ift _ - . 1 ( 2) .4 (2) .4 .7 (2 ) .9 . 1 .6 (2) (2 ) .2 .2 2 1 .4 6. 3 1.4 12. 4 8. 3 .7 2. 3 .8 5. 2 13. 1 4 .6 1. 6 (2 ) - . 1 (2) .5 ---------------------- 1. 5 8. 2 . 1 .8 W ith no sh ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l ___________________ .5 . 1 . 1 5 p e r c e n t _______________________ _________ 6 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------- — 7 p e r c e n t ___________________________________ 8 p e r c e n t __ — — — — ------------- --------9 p e r c e n t _____________ — ------- — — — 10 p e r c e n t _______ — -----------------------------O th er fo r m a l pay d iffe r e n t ia l - - .7 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ifts , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts e ven though they w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e ra tin g late s h ifts . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . 16 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r i l 1 9 6 3 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS W e e k ly h o u rs All industries * A ll w o r k e r s _______________________________________ U nder 35 h o u r s __ _____ — — ------ — - — 35 h o u r s __ ___ ______________________________________ 36*/4 h o u r s - — _____ — _____ _____ — 37*/2 h o u r s — _____ ______________________ — O v e r 37*/ 2 and u n d er 40 h o u r s __________________ 40 h o u r s . - — -------- -------- ------- ------------- — O v e r 40 and u nd er 48 h o u r s — — — — — — 48 h ou rs and o v e r _ __ _____ . . „ _____ — 100 (4 ) l 8 6 84 (4 ) (4 ) Manufacturing 100 (4 ) 3 5 91 Public utilities1 2 All industries 3 100 100 . _ _ 1 (4 ) 89 5 3 100 - ' _____________________________ 2 (4 ) 89 4 2 100 2 - - - 1 1 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s . 3 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 4 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. Public utilities2 - 2 - (4) 100 <*) - - Manufacturing - 96 4 17 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a i d h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r i l 1 96 3) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries 1 A ll w o r k e r s ______________________________ ______ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid h o l i d a y s ______________________ __________ __ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no p aid h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries ^ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 97 100 100 “ 3 (4 ) “ N u m ber o f days L e s s than 6 h o l i d a y s _____________________________ 6 h o lid a y s __ _____________________________ ___ ___ __ 6 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y ______________________ 6 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf d ays ______________________ 6 h o lid a y s plus 3 h a lf d ays ______________________ 7 h o lid a y s ___ ___ ______ ___ ____ _____ ____ _______ 7 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day .. .. 7 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf days _____________________ 8 h o l i d a y s ______ ______________________ . ________ __ 8 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf day ______________________ 8 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf days ______ ________ __ 9 h o lid a y s _________________ _______ __________ 9 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day ______________________ 9 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf days ______ _____________ 10 h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 10 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf day _________________ ___ 18 3 22 2 5 10 1 1 1 2 (4 ) 5 (4) (4 ) 8 (4 ) 29 31 4 9 14 (4) 4 (4 ) (4) 5 7 9 10 25 30 70 79 99 99 99 (4 ) 4 4 4 4 28 31 91 92 100 100 100 (4 ) 21 9 _ 13 2 28 47 10 - " 2 26 (4 ) 20 1 24 1 5 13 (4) (4) " 3 (4 ) (4) n 27 “ 29 2 7 18 - _ 41 16 37 - 4 (4) 6 ■ (4 ) 5 5 5 5 30 32 88 88 100 100 100 6 6 22 59 59 100 100 100 T o ta l h o lid a y tim e 5 lo V l d ays _________________________________________ 10 o r m o r e d ays - _— __________ „ 9 V2 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 9 o r m o r e d a y s ______________________ __________ 8l/ o r m o r e days z „ _____ . ______ - __ 8 o r m o r e days ___ ___ ___________ __ ____________ 7 V2 o r m o r e days ___ ___ ____________ — — 7 o r m o r e d ays ___________________________________ 6 V2 o r m o r e d ays __________ _____ _____________ 6 o r m o r e d ays ______ — _____ ___ _____ 2 or m o r e d ays ________________ __________ _____ _ 1 o r m o r e days 1 2 3 4 5 no h a lf . 10 10 39 87 87 100 100 100 (4) 3 3 3 4 22 25 69 70 95 96 97 . In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s try d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e t a il tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o se in d u s try d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. A l l co m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf d ays that add to the sa m e am ount a r e c o m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a to ta l of 7 d ays in c lu d e s th o s e w ith 7 fu ll days and d a y s , 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf d a y s , 5 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on. P r o p o r t io n s w e r e then cu m u lated . 18 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , M i lw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r i l 1 9 6 3 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a ca tio n p o l ic y All industries1 A ll w o r k e r s ______ _____ ________ ____________ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 - 100 100 - 99 99 - 99 86 14 - 100 81 19 - 100 99 (4 ) - (4 ) - 1 6 51 1 1 8 49 1 _ 30 - 45 55 (4 ) M ethod o f paym en t W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g p aid v a c a tio n s _____ _______________ ________ L e n g t h -o f - t im e p a y m e n t ______________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ___ . . „ ________ ___ F la t - s u m paym en t _____________________________ O t h e r ___ __ ______________________________ „ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a tio n s ______________________________— (4 ) - - 22 3 1 - 19 - * 17 11 1 - 46 54 (4) 69 30 - 88 6 6 1 90 8 1 1 81 19 - 8 2 89 - 11 3 85 - 8 9 83 - (4) 64 24 10 1 1 36 _ 64 _ (4 ) 55 17 26 (4 ) 1 3 3 94 4 5 91 - 21 28 50 (4 ) 1 23 39 36 1 1 . _ 100 _ 18 78 52 (4 ) 1 21 39 38 1 1 1 1 84 7 7 . A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5 A ft e r 6 m on th s o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w e e k _ _____ ____________ ________ . 1 w e e k ________ ________ __ . . _____ ________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ____ __________ ______ __ ________ ___ ___ . - A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____ __________ _____ ___ ____ ____ ___ ___ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _ ________ — ___ __ 2 w e e k s _ __ _____ _____ _____ __ ____________ 3 w e e k s _ _____ ________ _____ _______________ A ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _____________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ____ ___ _______ _____ 2 w e e k s ____ ________ __ ________ _____ _____ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s _______ _____ _____ _____ ____________ - A ft e r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________ _____ ________ „ . . — . O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s ___________ _____ ______________________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s . „ ________ — . . 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- - _ 99 - (4 ) (4 ) 2 3 95 4 5 91 _ 99 - - A ft e r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ________ . . _____ . . ________ ________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______ ___________ 2 w e e k s . . . ________ _____ „ _____ „ ____ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _ ________ __ _____ 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- - - _ (4 ) (4 ) - (4) (4) 89 4 6 _ (4 ) 92 3 5 . _ 100 _ - A ft e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______________ . . _______ __ __ ______ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s . _______________ _ 3 w e e k s ____ _____ ________ ___________________ See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . - 98 - 1 1 81 10 8 _ 96 _ 4 19 Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , M i lw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r i l 1 96 3) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o l ic y All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n pay 5— C on tinued A ft e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eek s O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s _____________ _______ 3 w eek s ____________________________________________ ............... O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w eek s 4 w eeks _ . _ 32 25 36 3 3 29 34 28 4 5 58 42 - 50 49 - 1 19 30 42 4 3 13 42 34 6 5 40 60 - (4 ) 2 91 3 4 _ 3 94 2 i 6 78 9 5 _ 3 79 13 5 _ 85 15 (4 ) 6 66 2 25 " (4 ) 2 69 4 25 “ _ 3 47 49 “ 1 5 57 8 24 3 _ 3 60 12 20 5 _ 40 60 " (4 ) 5 30 1 62 1 (4 ) 2 26 2 67 2 _ 3 10 86 1 5 26 _ _ 20 80 (4 ) 38 13 47 2 (4 ) 34 24 38 4 54 45 - (4 ) 26 18 54 2 < ) 4 14 33 49 4 (4 ) 6 88 2 4 i A ft e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________________________________ 2 w e e k s __ _ _ _ _ _ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _ _ _ 3 w eeks ........ ... . . . . _ ................... . ....... O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s ______________________ A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________________________________ 2 w eek s ...... _ __ 3 w e e k s ___________________________________________ O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w eek s 4 w eek s _____________ _____________________________ A ft e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eek s 3 w eek s O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w eek s 4 w eek s ___________________________________________ O v e r 4 w eek s ____________________________________ A ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________________________________ 2 w eek s ____________________________________________ 3 w eek s ___________________________________________ O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w eek s 4 w eek s ........................ ... . . .. .. . O ver 4 w eeks ....................................... . . . . . . 4 57 7 3 24 6 57 10 1 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s try d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 3 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 5 In clu d es p a y m en ts o th e r than "le n g th o f t i m e , " s u ch as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r f la t - s u m p a y m e n ts , c o n v e r t e d to an equ iva len t tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p aym ent o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's p a y . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r il y r e f l e c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r e x a m p le , the ch a n g es in p r o p o r t io n s in d ica te d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e in clu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s tim a te s a r e c u m u la tiv e . T h u s , the p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv in g 3 w e e k s ' pay o r m o r e a fte r 5 y e a r s in c lu d e s th o s e w ho r e c e iv e 3 w e e k s ' pay o r m o r e a fte r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . 20 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f i t s , 1 M ilw a u k e e , W is . , A p r il 1963) 2 OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit A ll industries 100 2 Manufacturing 100 Public utilities 3 Public utilities 3 A ll industries4 100 100 100 100 Manufacturing W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e ________________________________ A c c id e n t a l d eath and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ____________________________________ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r both 5 ________________________ 95 98 99 95 97 100 58 71 47 58 62 42 82 95 98 94 97 83 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e _______ S ic k le a v e (fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e r io d ) __ ______________________ S ick le a v e (p a r t ia l pay o r w a itin g p e r io d ) __________________________ 61 90 38 83 97 42 52 54 94 6 2 23 3 - 1 8 - 36 H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e ___________________ S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e __________________________ _ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ____________________________ C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e ______________________ R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n __________________________ N o h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n ____ 93 92 81 53 82 2 99 99 88 43 87 63 63 61 76 80 1 95 94 80 20 74 1 100 82 82 80 55 80 ( 6) 99 87 17 81 1 In clu d es th o s e plans f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t . 2 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 4 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v ic e s in a d d itio n to t h o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . 5 U n d u p lica ted to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s i c k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w . S ick le a v e plans a r e lim it e d to th o s e w h ich d e fin it e ly e s t a b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' pay that ca n be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . I n fo rm a l s ic k le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is a r e e x c lu d e d . 6 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C l a s s A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. B i ll e r , m a c h in e (h illin g m a c h in e )—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. C l a s s B —Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B i ll e r , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h in e )—U s e s a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C l a s s A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 21 22 CLERK , A C C O U N T IN G -C ontinued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C l a s s B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C l a s s A— In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. C l a s s B —Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve a n y c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. C la ss C— Performs Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 23 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C la ss A— Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. C l a s s B —Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 24 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued C l a s s C-Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR C l a s s A— Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D o e s n o t in c lu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations a n d day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C l a s s B —Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C l a s s A— Performs o n e o r m o re o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. C l a s s B —Performs o n e o r m o re o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 25 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo l l o w i n g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying MAINTENANCE A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 3 POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in goodrepair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 26 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission .equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a l s o supervise these operations. H e a d or c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo l l o w i n g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. m e n ts e m p lo y i n g m ore than o n e e n g i n e e r are e x c l u d e d . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 27 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in die plant layout are required. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting f>arts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting' valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and' experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacementpart by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and .experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose p rim a ry d u t i e s involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of.mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work i n v o l v e s th e f o l l o w i n g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 28 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. W o rk e rs p rim a r ily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l li n g a n d types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. r ep a ir in g b u ild in g s a n it a t io n or h e a tin g s y s t e m s a re e x c l u d e d . TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. I n c l u d e s g a t e - m en w h o are s t a t i o n e d a t g a t e a n d c h e c k on i d e n t i t y o f e m p l o y e e s a n d o th e r p e r s o n s e n t e r in g . 29 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and m a y i n v o l v e o n e or m o re o f the f o l l o w i n g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s w h o a l s o m a ke w o o d e n b o x e s or c r a t e s are e x c l u d e d . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve o n e or m ore o f th e f o l l o w in g : Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o lo a d a n d u n lo a d s h i p s are e x c l u d e d . sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. p in g w ork routes, in v o lv e s : S h ip A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. w ork in v o lv e s: May R e c e iv in g Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform dther related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e i v i n g c le r k S h ip p in g c le r k S h ip p in g and r e c e i v i n g c le r k 30 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r i v e r -s a l e s m e n a n d o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: are e x c l u d e d . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) T r u c k e r , p o w e r (fo r k l i f t ) T r u c k e r , p o w e r (o t h e r than fo r k l if t ) T r u c k d r iv e r (c o m b in a tio n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a t e l y ) T r u c k d r iv e r , li g h t (u n d e r 1% t o n s ) WATCHMAN T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m (1% to a n d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , tra iler t y p e ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , o th e r than tra iler t y p e ) Makes rounds of premises periodically ^in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Occupational W age S u rveys A l i s t o f the la t e s t a v a ila b le b u ll e t in s is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . A d i r e c t o r y in d ica t in g d a te s o f e a r l i e r s t u d i e s , and the p r i c e s o f the b u lle tin s is a v a ila b le u po n r e q u e s t . B u lle tin s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m the S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n 25, D. C. , o r f r o m any o f the BBS r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s show n on the in s i d e f r o n t c o v e r . A rea B u lle tin num ber P rice A k r o n , O hio _________________________________ A lb a n y — c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N. Y. _______ S A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . ____________________ A lle n to w n — e t h l e h e m — a s t o n , P a . — J. B E N. A tla n ta, G a. _________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , M d. ____________________________ B e a u m o n t — o r t A r t h u r , T e x . ____________ P B i r m i n g h a m , A la . _________________________ B o i s e , Idaho ________________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . _____________________________ 1 303-81 1 3 4 5 -5 3 1 3 4 5 -6 3 1 3 4 5-4 5 1 3 0 3-6 5 1 3 4 5 -2 3 1 3 0 3 -7 8 1345-56 130 3-7 7 1 3 4 5 -1 5 25 20 20 20 30 25 25 20 25 25 ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts cen ts cen ts ce n ts cen ts ce n ts B u f f a l o , N. Y _______ __________________________ B u r l i n g t o n , V t . ____________________________ C a n to n , O hio _______________________________ C h a r l e s t o n , W. V a . _______________________ C h a r l o t t e , N. C. _________________ ___________ C h a t ta n o o g a , T e r m . — Ga. __________________ C h i c a g o , 111. ________________________________ C in c in n a ti, O hio— y. ______________________ K C l e v e l a n d , O hio ____________________________ C o l u m b u s , O hio ____________________________ 1 3 4 5 -3 0 1 3 4 5-5 0 1345-64 13 4 5-6 1 1 3 4 5 -5 8 1 3 4 5 -8 1 3 0 3 -6 4 1345-54 1 3 4 5 -1 4 1 3 4 5 -2 8 25 25 20 20 20 25 30 20 25 25 ce n ts c e n ts c e n ts cents c e n ts ce n ts ce n ts c e n ts ce n ts ce n ts D a l l a s , T e x . ________________________________ D a v e n p o r t — o c k Isla nd— o lin e , Iowa—111. R M D a y to n , O h io ________________________________ D e n v e r , C o l o . ______________________________ D e s M o i n e s , Iowa _________________________ D e t r o i t , M ic h . _____________________________ F o r t W o r t h , T e x . _________________________ G r e e n B a y , W is . ___________________________ G r e e n v i l l e , S. C. __________________________ H o u s to n , T e x . ______________________________ 1 345-21 1 3 4 5 -1 8 1 3 4 5 -3 5 1 3 4 5-3 2 1 3 4 5 -4 2 13 4 5-4 7 13 4 5-2 7 13 4 5-3 1 3 0 3-7 0 130 3-7 9 25 25 20 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts cen ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts I n d i a n a p o l i s , Ind. ____________________ J a c k s o n , M i s s . _______________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F la . ___________________ K a n s a s C it y , M o . — a n s . ____________ K L a w r e n c e — a v e r h i l l , M a s s . — H. . H N. L ittle R o c k — o rt h L ittle R o c k , A r k . N L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a lif . ___ L ou isville, K y .— Ind. _________________ L u b b o c k , T e x . ________________________ M a n c h e s t e r , N. H. ____________________ M e m p h i s , T e n n. ______________________ 1 3 4 5 -2 6 1 3 4 5 -4 3 134 5-3 9 1 3 4 5-2 2 1 3 0 3 -7 6 1345-7 1 3 4 5 -6 2 1 3 4 5-4 8 1 3 0 3-7 4 1 3 4 5-2 1 3 4 5-3 6 25 20 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 25 25 ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts B u lle tin number A rea P rice 1345-33 1345-59 1345-38 1 3 0 3 -6 8 1 3 4 5 -4 6 1 3 4 5-3 7 1 3 4 5 -4 4 1 3 0 3 -5 8 20 25 25 25 25 20 25 30 1 3 0 3 -7 5 1 3 4 5 -6 20 ce n ts 25 ce n ts Omaha, N e b r .— Iowa __________________________ P a t e r so n —C lif to n — a s s a i c , N. J. P P h i l a d e l p h i a . P a . - N . J. Phoenix, A riz. P i t t s b u r g h , P a . ________________________________ P o r t l a n d . M a in e P o r t l a n d , O r e g . — a s h . ______________________ W P r o v i d e n c e — a w t u c k e t . R. I . — a s s . P M R a l e i g h , N. C. _________________________________ R i c h m o n d , V a . _________________________________ 1 3 4 5 -1 2 13 0 3-7 1 1 3 4 5-3 1 1 3 4 5 -5 7 1 3 4 5 -4 0 1 3 4 5 -2 4 1303-72 1303-66 13 4 5-1 1 3 4 5 -1 9 20 25 30 20 25 20 25 25 20 20 cen ts cen ts cen ts ce n ts cen ts cen ts cen ts ce n ts cen ts cen ts R o c k f o r d , 111. _____ _____________________________ St. L o u i s , M o . —111. ___________________________ Salt L a k e C it y , Utah __________________________ San A n to n io , T e x . _____________________________ San B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e — n t a r i o , C a lif . . O San D i e g o . C a lif . San F r a n c i s c o — a kla nd , C a lif . ______________ O Savannah, G a. _________________________________ S c r a n t o n , P a . _______________________ ____ ______ S e a t t le , W a s h . _________________________________ 1345-55 1 3 4 5 -1 7 1 3 4 5 -2 5 1303-63 1 3 4 5 -9 1 3 4 5-1 0 1345-34 1 3 4 5 -6 0 1 3 4 5 -5 1 3 4 5 -4 20 25 25 25 20 25 25 20 15 25 ce n ts ce n ts cen ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts cen ts ce n ts cen ts ce n ts S io u x F a l l s , S. Dak. _________________________ South B e n d . Ind. S p o k a n e . W a sh . T o l e d o . Ohio T r e n t o n , N. J. _________________________________ W a s h in g t o n , D . C . — d . — a . _________________ M V W a t e r b u r y , Con n. _____ ______________________ W a t e r l o o , Iowa ________________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . ________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . ____________________________ Y ork . Pa. 1 3 4 5 -1 3 1 3 4 5 -5 2 1 3 0 3 -7 3 1345-51 1 3 4 5 -2 9 1 3 4 5 -1 6 1 3 4 5 -4 9 1 3 4 5 -2 0 134 5-1 1 1 3 0 3 -8 2 1 345-41 20 20 20 25 25 25 20 25 25 25 20 ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts cents ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts cen ts M i a m i , F la . ____________________________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . ______________________________ M in neap olis— St. P a u l , Min n. _______________ M u s k e g o n — u s k e g o n H eig hts , M ic h . ______ M N e w a r k and J e r s e y C it y , N. J. ______________ New H av e n, Con n. _____________________________ New O r l e a n s , L a . _____________________________ New Y o r k . N. Y. _______________________________ N o r f o l k — o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N e w s — P H a m p t o n , V a . ________________________________ O k la h o m a C it y . Okla. _ ' ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts ce n ts
