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Occupational Wage Survey MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN APRIL 1960 Bu letin No. 1265-43 UNITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT O F LABOR Jam es P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN APRIL 1960 B u lle t in N o . 12651-43 June I9 60 UNITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT O F LABO R James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague/ Commissioner F or s a le b y th e S u p e rin te n d e n t of D ocum ents, U.S. G o v e rn m e n t P rin tin g O ffic e , W a s h in g to n 25 , D .C . P ric e 2 5 cen ts Preface The Com m unity Wage Survey P rogram The Bureau of Labor S ta tistics regu larly conducts areaw ide wage su rveys in a number of im portant industrial cen ters. The stu d ies, m ade from late fall to ea rly spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplem entary ben efits. A prelim in ary report is available on com pletion of the study in each area, usually in the month follow ing the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the ea r lie r report. A consolidated analytical bulletin sum m arizing the resu lts of a ll of the y ea r's su rveys is issu ed after com pletion of the final area bulletin for the current round of su rveys. T his report w as prepared in the B ureau's regional office in C hicago, 111. , by W oodrow C. Linn, under the direction of G eorge E. Votava, R egional Wage and Indus tria l R elations A nalyst. Contents Page Introduction ________________________________________________________________ 1 Wage trends for selected occupational g r o u p s ------------------------------------------ 4 Tables: 1. E stab lish m en ts and w orkers w ithin scope of s u r v e y _____________ 3 2. Indexes of standard w eekly sa la r ie s and straigh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percen ts of in crea se for selected p e r io d s __________________ 3 A: O ccupational earnings: * A - l. O ffice o c cu p a tio n s___________________________________________ 5 A -2 . P ro fessio n a l and tech n ical occupations ___________________ 7 A -3. M aintenance and powerplant occupations __________________ 8 A -4. C ustodial and m aterial m ovem ent o c c u p a tio n s____________ 9 B: E stablishm en t p ra ctices and supplem entary wage provisions: * B - l. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ___________________________________________ 11 B -2 . M inim um entrance sa la rie s for w om en office w orkers _____________________________________________ 12 B -3 . Scheduled w eekly h o u r s _____________________________________ 12 B -4 . Paid holidays _______________________________________________ 13 14 B - 5. P a id v a c a t i o n s _________________________________________________ B -6 . Health, insu ran ce, and pension p la n s______________________ 16 Appendix: O ccupational d escrip tion s ____________________________________ 17 * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations are availab le in the M ilwaukee area reports for M arch 1952, A pril 1953, A p ril 1954, No vem ber 1955, A pril 1957, May 1958, and A p ril 1959. The 1957 report w as lim ited to the earnings of plant w ork ers in m anufacturing. M ost of the rep orts a lso include data on th ese or related estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary wage p ro vision s. A d irectory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as w ell a s rep orts for other m ajor a r ea s, is available upon request A current report on occupational earnings and sup plem entary wage p ra ctices in the M ilwaukee area is also available for the m ach inery in d u stries (M arch I960). Union s c a le s, indicative of prevailing pay le v e ls, are available for the follow ing trades or in d u stries: Building construction, printing, lo c a l-tr a n sit operating em p loyees, and m otortruck d riv ers and h elp ers. Occupational Wage Survey—Milwaukee, Wis. Introduction This area is one of sev er a l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of L ab or's B ureau of Labor S ta tistics has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areaw ide b a sis. In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v isits of B ureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts within six broad industry d ivisions: M anufacturing; tran sp orta tio n ,1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from th ese stu dies are governm ent operations and the con struction and extractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted also b ecau se they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d iv isio n s. T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis because of the u n n ecessary c o st involved in surveying all esta b lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um co st, a greater proportion of large than of sm all estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim a tes based on the estab lish m en ts studied are presented, th erefore, as r e lating to all estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cept for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selec te d for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sification is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties within the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice c le rica l; (b) p ro fession a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w ork ers, i. e . , those h ired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational c la ssifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and 1 R ailroads, form erly excluded from the scope of th ese stu d ies, have been added in n early a ll of the areas to be studied during the w inter of 1959-60; railroad s w ill be added in the rem aining areas next year. F or scope of survey in this area, see footnote to "transporta tion, com m unication, and other public u tilities" in table 1. late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonu ses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occupations, referen ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which straigh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid; average w eekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are p resen ted sep arately for selected occupations in which both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and w om en in th ese occupations are largely due to (l) d ifferen ces in the distribution of the sex es among in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ssifie d w ithin the sam e survey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la rie s are adjusted on this basis. L onger average serv ic e of m en would resu lt in higher average pay when both sex es are em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in these su rveys are u su ally m ore gen eralized than those used in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces among estab lish m en ts in sp ecific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally su rveyed . B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational stru ctu re among estab lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T h ese d ifferen ces in occu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accu racy of the ea rn ings data. E stablishm en t P ra c tic es and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary ben efits as they r e late to office and plant w o rk ers. The term "office w ork ers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working su p erv iso rs and non su p ervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related fun ction s, and exclu d es adm in istra tiv e , ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l p erson n el. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all n on su p ervisory w orkers (including lead m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istrative, ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l em p lo yees, and force-acco u n t construction em p loyees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded . C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u s tries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing ind u stries. The sum m ary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge m en ts, excluding inform al plans w hereby tim e off with pay is granted at the d iscretio n of the em p loyer. Separate estim a tes are provided accord ing to em ployer p ractice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percent of annual earn in gs, or fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations of vacation allow an ces, paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w ere converted; for exam p le, a paym ent of 2 percen t of annual earnings w as co n sid ered as the equivalent of 1 w e e k 1 a pay. Data are p resen ted for all health , in su ran ce, and pension plans for which at le a st a part of the c o st is borne by the em p loyer, excepting only leg a l req u irem en ts such as w ork m en 's com p ensation and so cia l secu rity . Such plans include th ose underw ritten by a co m m er cia l insuran ce com pany and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of cu rren t operating funds or from a fund s e t asid e for this purpose. Death b en efits are included as a form of life in su ran ce. S ick n ess and accident insuran ce is limited* to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined ca sh paym ents are m ade d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a sis during illn e s s or accid en t d isab ility. Inform ation is p resen ted for all such plans to which the em ployer con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New York and New J e r se y , which have enacted tem porary d isab ility insuran ce law s w hich require e m ployer co n trib u tio n s,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the em ployee with b en efits which ex ceed the req u irem en ts of the law . T abulations of paid sick -lea v e plans are lim ited to form al p la n s5 w hich provide full pay or a proportion of the w ork er's pay during absence from work b ecau se of illn e s s . Separate tabulations are provided accord ing to (l) plans which provide full pay and no w aiting period, and (2) plans providing eith er partial pay or a w aiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions o f w ork ers who are provided sick n ess and accident insurance or paid sick lea v e, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who receiv e eith er or both types of b en efits. C atastrophe in su ran ce, so m etim es referred to as, extended m ed ical in su ran ce, inclu des those plans w hich are d esign ed to p rotect em p loyees in ca se of sick n ess and injury involving ex p en ses beyond the norm al co verage of h osp italization , m ed ica l, and su rgical p lan s. M edical insuran ce re fe rs to plans providing for com p lete or p a r ti^ paym ent of d o c to rs1 fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m er cia l insurance com panies or nonprofit organ ization s or they m ay be self-in su r ed . Tabulations of retirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents for the rem ainder of the w o rk er 's life . 2 An estab lish m en t was co n sid ered as having a policy if it m et eith er of the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated late sh ifts at the tim e of the su rvey, or (2) had form al p rovision s coverin g late sh ifts. 3 Scheduled w eekly hours for office w orkers (first sectio n of table B -3 ) in su rveys m ade prior to late 1957 and ea rly 1958 w ere p resen ted in term s of the proportion of w om en office w orkers e m ployed in o ffices with the indicated w eekly hours for w om en w o rk ers. 4 The tem porary d isab ility law s in C aliforn ia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer con trib u tion s. 5 An estab lish m en t w as con sid ered as having a form al plan if it estab lish ed at le a st the m inim um num ber of days of sic k lea ve that could be expected by each em p lo yee. Such a plan need not be w ritten , but inform al sic k -le a v e a llow an ces, d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is , w ere excluded. Shift d ifferen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to m anufacturing in d u stries^ This inform ation is p resented both in term s of (a) esta b lish m en t p o lic y ,2 presen ted in term s of total plant w orker em p loy m ent, and (b) effectiv e p ra ctice, p resented on the b a sis of w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ecified sh ift at the tim e of the su rvey. In estab lish m en ts having varied d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m ajority w as used o r, if no am ount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sifica tio n "other" was u sed . In estab lish m en ts in which som e la te sh ift hours are paid at norm al ra te s, a d ifferential was record ed only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lish m en ts v isited . They are presen ted on an estab lish m en t, rather than on an em ploym ent b a sis. P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health , in su ran ce, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m a jority of such w orkers are elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify for the p ra ctices liste d . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m ajority are c o v e r e d .3 B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal to ta ls. The fir s t part of the paid holidays table p resen ts the num b er of whole and half holidays actually provided. The secon d part com b ines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . T ab le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b er stu d ie d in M ilw a u k e e , W is. , 1 by m a jo r in d u str y d iv is io n , 2 A p r il I960 N u m b er o f e s ta b lish m e n ts M in im u m In d u stry d iv is io n in e s t a b lis h m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu d y W ithin sco p e of stu d y 3 S tu d ied W o r k er s in e sta b lis h m e n ts W ithin s c o p e o f stu d y S tu d ied T o ta l4 O ffice P la n t T o ta l 4 A ll d iv is io n s _____________________________________ 51 777 184 2 6 0 ,4 0 0 4 3 ,8 0 0 1 7 7 , 600 1 7 3 ,8 9 0 M an u factu rin g __ ________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________ T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s 5 --------------------------------W h o le sa le tra d e ---------------- ------------------ — R e ta il tra d e ---------------------------- — — ---------F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ______ S e r v ic e s 7 ---------------------------------------------------------- 51 51 402 375 91 93 1 8 2 ,8 0 0 7 7 ,6 0 0 2 4 ,8 0 0 1 9 ,0 0 0 1 3 4 ,1 0 0 4 3 ,5 0 0 1 2 4 ,5 9 0 4 9 ,3 0 0 51 51 51 51 51 50 79 127 55 64 20 17 25 14 17 9, 600 2 7 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,1 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 (6 ) (?) (*) (6 ) 2 1 ,9 0 0 1 2 ,4 0 0 ( 6) <!> (*) (6 ) 1 8 ,8 1 0 3 ,2 6 0 1 7 ,9 2 0 6 ,2 2 0 3 ,0 9 0 1 T he M ilw a u k ee M e tr o p o lita n A r e a (M ilw au k ee and W au k esh a C o u n tie s). T he " w o rk ers w ith in sco p e o f stud y" e s t im a te s sh ow n in th is ta b le p ro v id e a r e a so n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f th e s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r fo r c e in clu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T he e s t im a te s a r e n ot in te n d ed , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th er a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m en t tr e n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) plan n in g o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u s e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t d ata c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad v a n ce o f th e p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ie d and (2) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the sco p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T he 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the S tan d ard In d u str ia l C la s s ific a t io n M anu al w as u s e d in c la s s ify in g e sta b lis h m e n ts b y in d u str y d iv is io n . M ajor c h a n g e s fr o m th e e a r lie r e d itio n (u se d in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a r k e t w age s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r io r to the w in te r o f 1958—59) a r e the tr a n s fe r of m ilk p a ste u r iz a tio n p lan ts and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e s ta b lis h m e n ts fr o m tr a d e (w h o le sa le o r r e ta il) to m a n u fa c tu r in g , and the tr a n sfe r o f ra d io and t e le v is io n b r o a d c a stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tr a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r ab ove th e m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll o u tle ts (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su c h in d u s tr ie s a s tr a d e , fin a n c e , au to r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b lish m e n t. 4 In c lu d e s e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d fr o m the se p a r a te o ffic e and p lan t c a te g o r ie s . 5 R a ilr o a d s w e r e in clu d ed ; ta x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tr a n sp o r ta tio n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 4 T h is in d u str y d iv isio y i is r e p r e se n te d in e s t im a te s fo r "all in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m an u factu rin g" in the S e r ie s A and B ta b le s , alth ou gh c o v e r a g e w a s in s u ffic ie n t to ju s tify s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n o f d a ta . 7 H o te ls; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir sh o p s; m o tio n p ic tu r e s; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r sh ip o r g a n iz a tio n s; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2 . In d ex e s o f sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l gro u p s in M ilw a u k e e , W is ., A p r il I9 6 0 and A p r il 195 9 , and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s In d u stry and o c c u p a tio n a l group In d ex es (A p ril 1953 = 100) A p r il I960 A p r il 1959 A p r il 1959 to A p r il I960 M ay 1958 to A p r il 1959 P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m — N o v e m b e r 1955 A p r il 1954 to to M ay 1958 N o v e m b e r 1955 A p r il 1953 to A p r il 1954 M arch 1952 to A p r il 1953 A ll in d u s tr ie s : O ffice c le r ic a l (w om en ) -------------------------- — In d u str ia l n u r s e s (w om en) ---------------------------S k ille d m a in ten a n c e (m en ) ---------------------------U n s k ille d p la n t (m en ) ------------------------------------- 1 3 3 .4 1 4 0 .2 139. 7 134. 5 128. 7 1 3 7 .0 1 3 3 .2 1 3 1 .2 3 .6 2 .3 4 .9 2 .5 2 .9 4 .2 3 .9 3. 8 13. 6 1 4 .4 1 3 .5 13. 7 5 .3 9 .0 6. 7 6 .2 4. 5 5 .5 5 .9 4. 6 6. 5 5 .8 7 .4 9 .9 M an u factu rin g: O ffic e c le r ic a l (w om en ) ________ ___________ In d u str ia l n u r s e s (w om en ) ------------------------ S k ille d m a in ten a n c e (m en ) ---------------------------U n s k ille d p la n t (m en ) ------ ------------------------------ 136. 7 1 40. 9 140. 6 1 3 4 .8 1 3 2 .0 1 3 7 .0 1 3 4 .2 1 3 1 .6 3. 6 2 .9 4 .8 2 .4 3. 8 4 .2 4 .2 3 .2 1 3 .0 1 4 .4 1 3 .4 1 2 .3 6. 7 9 .0 6 .9 7 .4 5. 5 5 .5 6 .3 5 .8 6. 8 6. 7 6. 8 1 0 .4 4 W ait Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 are indexes of sa la r ie s of office c le r ic a l w ork ers and industrial n u r se s, and of average earnings of selected plant w orker groups. F or office c le r ic a l w orkers and industrial n u r se s, the indexes relate to average w eek ly sa la r ie s for norm al hours of w ork, that is , the standard w ork sched ule for which stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s are paid. F or plant w orker groups, they m easu re changes in stra ig h t-tim e hourly ea rn in gs, excluding prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eek end s, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. The* indexes are based on data for selected k ey occupations and include m o st of the n u m erically im portant jobs w ithin each group. The office c le r ic a l data are based on w om en in the follow ing 18 jobs: B ille r s , m achine (billing m achine); bookkeepingm achine o p erators, c la ss A and B; C om ptom eter operators; c le r k s, file , c la s s -A and B; c le r k s, order; c le r k s, payroll; keypunch operators; office g irls; secr e ta r ie s; sten ograp h ers, general; sw itchboard opera tors; sw itchboard o p era to r-recep tio n ists; tabulating-m achine operators; tran scrib in g-m ach in e op erators, general; and ty p ists, c la ss A and B. The in d u strial n u rse data are based on w om en industrial n u r se s. M en in the follow ing 10 sk illed m aintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricia n s; m ach in ists; m echanics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; m illw righ ts; painters; p ip efitters; sh eet-m eta l w orkers; and tool and die m akers; unskilled-— jan ito rs, p o r te rs, and clean ers; la b o rers, m a teria l handling; and w atchm en. A verage w eekly sa la r ie s or average hourly earnings w ere com puted for each of the selected occupations. The average sa la rie s or hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the average of 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the job. T hese w eighted earnings for individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupa tional group. F in ally, the ratio of th ese group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the b a se period (su rvey m onth, w in ter 1952-53) w as com puted and the r e su lt m u ltip lied by the b a se year index (l0 0 );to get the index for the given y ea r. A djustm ents have b een m ade w h ere n e c e ssa r y to m aintain com parability. F or exam p le, in m o st of the a rea s su rveyed , railroad s w ere included in the coverage of the su rveys for the fir s t tim e this y ea r. In com puting the in d exes, data relatin g to the railroad industry w ere excluded. The indexes m ea su r e, p rin cip ally, the effects of (1) g en era l sa la ry and w age changes; (2) m er it or other in cr ea ses in pay receiv ed by individual w ork ers w h ile in the sam e job; and (3) changes in the labor fo rce such as labor turnover, fo rce exp an sion s, fo rce red u c tion s, and changes in the proportion of w ork ers em ployed by esta b lish m en ts w ith different pay le v e ls. Changes in the labor fo rce can cause in cr ea ses or d e c rea se s in the occupational averag es w ithout actual w age changes. F or exam p le, a fo rce expansion m ight in cr ea se the proportion of low er paid w ork ers in a sp ecific occupation and r e su lt in a drop in the a v era g e, w h ereas a reduction in the proportion of low er paid w ork ers would have the opposite effect. The m ovem en t of a high-paying estab lish m en t out of an area could cau se the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred iik other area esta b lish m en ts. The u se of constant em ploym ent w eights elim in a tes die effects of changes in the proportion of w ork ers rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. N or are the in d exes influenced by changes in standard w ork sch ed u les or in prem ium pay fo r overtim e, sin ce they are based on pay for stra ig h t-tim e h ou rs. Indexes for the period 1953 to 1959 for w ork ers in 17 m ajor labor m ark ets appeared in BLS B u ll. 1240-22, W ages and R elated B en efits, 20 Labor M ark ets, W inter 1958-59. A * O c c u p a t io n a l E a r n in g s Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , M ilwaukee, W is. , A p ril I960) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Men C lerks, accounting, cla ss A ____________________________ 433 Manufacturing ___ _ 314 Nonmanufacturing _ •_ ___ 119 Public u tilitie s 2 ___ _ _ _ . ..... 34 C lerks, accounting, class B __ .... 203 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------168 C lerks, order ____________________________________________ 290 Manufacturing __ ..._ _ 157 Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ 133 C lerks, p a y r o ll_________ 83 Manufacturing __ _ _i__ _ ...... 68 Office boys ... _ ........... 193 Manufacturing _ ........................... 138 N onm anufacturing ___ _____________ ______________ 55 Tabulating-m achine op erators, cla ss A ________________ 144 Manufacturing _______________________________________ 100 Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss B 119 Manufacturing ________________________________________ 66 Nonmanufacturing _ ___ _ _ _ ... 51 • Tabulating-m achine operators, cla ss C 50 Women B illers, m achine (billing m achine) _ _ 146 Manufacturing _________________________________ ______ ------ 54“ Nonmanufacturing __ _ 82 Public u tilitie s 2 __________________ ____ ______ 25 B illers, m achine (bookkeeping m achine) _______________ 95 N onm anufacturing ____ ____________ ________ ___ 71 Bookkeeping-m achine operators, cla ss A _____________ 113 Manufacturing ________________________________________ 66 Bookkeeping-m achine operators, c la ss B ____________ 385 Manufacturing ________________________________________ 131 Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ 254 C lerks, accounting, c la ss A ____________________________ 301 Manufacturing _______________________________________ 173 Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ 128 Public u tilities 2 ___________________________________ 33 C lerks, accounting, cla ss B _________________ ___ 964 M anufacturing ________________________________________ 342 Nonmanufacturing 62 2 Public u tilities 2 _______________________________ 156 Avbbao* NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Under Weekly 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 Weekly 60. UG 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 $85. 00 $9 0 .0 0 $95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.CO hours1 (Standard) and (Standard) I s . 00 under and 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over 40. 0 $109.50 40. 0 111.So 40. 0 103.50 4 2 .0 107.00 40. 0 83.50 40. 0 8 i. So 4 0 .0 93.50 4 0 .0 9S. SO 40. 0 91.50 40. 0 96.00 4 0 .0 93.50 39.5 59.00 4 0 .0 6 9 . So 39.5 5 9 .0 0 39.5 104.50 39.5 104.50 39.5 89.50 40. 0 9 0 .0 0 3 9 .0 89.50 39.5 73.50 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 5$. 5 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39.5 41. 0 39.5 40. 0 39.5 40. 0 _ - _ - _ - _ " _ - _ - - _ - . - _ _ _ - 57 43 14 30 27 3 9 -------8 3 3 _ 27 19 8 _ _ _ - _ - - - 1 _ - - - - - - _ - _ - - - _ _ _ 2 64. 00 4 67. 00 2 62. 00 2 62. 50 66.50 _ 63. 00 78. 00 _ 83. 00 67.50 _ 6 9 .0 0 67. 00 87. 00 _ 6 9 .0 0 85.00 87. 00 66.50 19 71.00 64.50 19 70.50 - 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 17 4 13 5 11 11 4 29 8 21 21 8 13 4 5 5 3 1 34 14 _ - _ - _ - - _ 4 52 ll 41 6 _ - 2 1 1 1 1 19 11 8 8 21 _ _ 1 1 5 6 1 5 12 - 90 24 66 17 20 - 120 36 84 7 _ _ - " n 9 3 _ 3 2 2 29 15 39 11 -------5“ 28 9 9 41 11 31 ii 5 16 5 3 95 106 16 49 57 79 10 10 10 9 1 142 164 49 — 58“ 115 104 30 12 _ _ - 1 1 _ 13 37 10 -----33“ 9 29 3 25 6 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 -------T “ 1 1 _ 2 2 12 9 ------- 5 8 4 4 4 18 31 17 14 4 15 11 19 12 17 7 10 23 14 9 125 65" 60 22 15 15 - - _ 20 9 51 12 39 27 14 13 112 32 80 45 10 32 14 8 4 11 2 21 10 8 45 31 27 42 30 17 40 21 37 10 14 18 30 3 23 _ 21 9 17 9 10 12 _ 10 12 10 6 13 5* 4 5 16 18 21 -------9 ~ ----- T3” ----- 13“ 5 7 8 3 3 2 _ - 1 1 16 8 32 8 24 73 39 34 19 74 38 36 8 1 1 - - _ 7 5 17 15 2 50 35 15 3 38 25 13 7 2 2 2 10 11 11 _ - 33 6 27 5 16 12 4 2 62 45 17 3 15 9 51 25 26 11 11 68 48 20 5 4 4 50 30 20 11 8 58 36 22 7 4 3 8 4 4 13 11 81 70 11 2 3 3 15 1 14 3 2 36 34 2 2 _ _ _ _ 20 18 23 16 17 19 17 6 2 T ~ — r~ -------1“ 1 9 _ _ 1 - _ 20 20 - _ _ 21 16 4 1 3 _ 18 10 3 1 2 _ 7 3 1 1 _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - - _ _ _ 6 3 3 ------- j— 2 _ - _ - _ _ _ 6 6 3 3 1 1 2 2 _ _ _ - - - • _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - • 10 21 21 - 7 2 5 _ - » - 3 3 ■ _ " 31 - - - 20 11 7 3 _ - 5 7 7 ~ 1 1 1 - - - 2 2 _ See footnotes at end o f table. NOTE: 2 2 6 1 51 39 12 5 _ _ - - _ _ 20 18 2 2 2 1 1 - E stim ates fo r all industries, nonm anufacturing, and public u tilities include data fo r ra ilroa d s (SIC 40), om itted fro m the scop e o f all labor m arket wage surveys m ade b e fo re the w inter o f 1959-60. W here significant, the effe c t o f the inclu sion of r a il roads is g reatest on the data shown separately fo r the public u tilities division . The trend of earnings in selected occupational groups in all industries, excluding r a ilro a d s, appears in table 2 . - 3 3 - " 2 2 - - - - - - - " _ - 6 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , M ilwaukee, W is. , A p ril I960) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of worker* Atbkaox NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ S $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ Under 00 50. 00 55. 00 6o. oo 65. 00 70. 00 $75. 00 80. 00 $85. 00 $90. 00 $95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 12c.00 125.00 Weekly, hour* * Weekly, 45. 00 45. and and (Standard) (Standard) under 50. 00 55.00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over W om en— Continued C lerks, file , cla s s A ___________________________________ M anufacturing _____________________________________ :---Nonm anufacturing .................................................. ................ C lerk s, file , cla s s B ____________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________________________ C lerks, o r d e r ____________________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________________________________ C lerks, p a y ro ll __________________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Pu blic u tilities 2 ___________________________________ C om ptom eter op erators _________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ D uplicating-m achine op erators (M im eograph o r Ditto) _______________________________— M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________________________________ Keypunch o p e r a t o r s ______________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________________________ O ffice g i r l s ______________________ i._______________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________________________ S e c r e t a r ie s _______________________________________________ M anufacturing _________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Pu blic utilities 2 ___________________________________ Stenographers, g e n e r a l---------------------------------------------------M anufacturing_________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Pu blic utilities 2 ___________________________________ Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s ___________________________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________________________ Pu blic u tilities 2 ___________________________________ Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s _____________________ M anufacturing ________________________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________________________ See footnotes at end o f table. 141 83 58 726 240 486 54 419 149 270 579 441 138 53 685 232 453 127 60 67 688 408 280 59 186 68 118 1,464 845 619 62 2,297 1,276 1, 021 171 250 79 171 33 430 224 206 39. 0 *9.§ 3 8.5 39.5 4 0 .0 39.5 4 0 .5 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 4o. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 39.5 40. 0 39. 0 $ 6 8 .5 0 71. 00 64. 00 56.50 66.50 52. 00 59. 00 63.50 6 6 .6 0 62.00 72.50 I t, 00 73.00 75.00 67.00 70. 00 65. 00 39.5 60. 50 62.50 40. 0 58.50 39. 0 3 9.5 67.50 40. 0 71700 39. 0 . 62.50 40. 0 66.50 53. 00 39. 0 40. 0 58. 00 39. 0 50. 00 39.5 89.00 4 0 .0 91. 6o 39.5 85. 00 40. 0 100.00 39.5 71.50 40. 0 74. 6'0 39.5 67. 50 40. 0 74.50 67.50 40. 0 40. 0 79. 60 40. 0 62. 00 40. 0 76. 00 39.5 66.50 40. 0 70.50 39.5 61.50 45 45 3 3 5 5 _ 14 4 10 _ 2 2 _ 18 1 17 _ _ _ _ 11 11 7 7 1 1 146 5 141 43 43 8 7 1 3 3 11 1 10 25 8 17 42 4 38 4 4 27 10 17 2 2 17 17 12 12 222 43 179 30 81 25 56 32 30 2 1 53 8 45 22 9 13 126 63 63 7 42 18 24 60 36 22 6 30 19 61 26 31 15 14 12 16 83 107 23 50 60 57 13 8 27 71 26 19 52 1 13 13 9 13 4 142 266 ro6~ 24 160 118 5 20 35 33 1 34 33 2 44 56 - -----22 44 34 26 16 10 52 16 36 3 81 40 41 101 81 20 2 158 35 123 25 20 5 27 10 17 9 34 12 22 80 64 16 6 144 66 78 8 4 4 58 54 4 4 69 24 45 64 42 22 10 93 3l 62 22 16 6 16 16 " 28 17 11 54 39 15 11 63 25 38 26 9 17 111 56 55 14 13 4 9 32 10 22 378 162 216 18 38 4 34 2 72 29 43 17 11 6 82 63 19 " 8 8 10 5 5 98 57 41 12 6 6 " 131 41 90 1 346 232 114 27 34 14 20 11 73 6l 12 . - 72 22 50 268 153 115 21 24 5 19 4 70 60 10 55 46 9 1 _ - " 143 71 72 325 218 107 27 22 22 47 24 23 12 8 4 27 27 10 2 8 61 43 18 10 33 17 16 5 4 1 66 53 13 6 _ - 168 80 88 9 197 129 68 10 18 14 4 2 12 8 4 10 8 2 7 6 i l 4 3 1 30 25 5 3 35 21 14 ' 30 26 4 1 1 186 120 66 1 149 89 60 21 21 7 14 12 14 9 5 - 2 1 1 _ 20 4 16 26 to 6 8 5 3 . 19 15 4 4 - 191 148 43 9 104 77 27 13 3 3 10 4 6 _ 2 2 25 18 7 3 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 _ 173 125 48 14 61 46 15 9 7 7 7 6 1 1 " _ 2 2 27 26 1 1 > . - _ _ 3 t 1 . - 128 88 40 6 17 15 2 " 2 2 " . _ _ 82 67 25 10 11 9 2 " . " _ _ I 1 - - - _ _ 3 1 2 _ - _ - _ _ - _ - _ " _ - 1 1 . - _ _ — 50 35 15 6 3 3 _ - _ " _ 44 22 22 1 1 _ - / - 1 1 - _ _ ' _ _ 27 15 12 4 2 l _ _ - . " _ _ . " _ " 7 2 5 2 _ " - _ - 7 Table A-1. O ffice Occupations-Continued (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, M ilwaukee, W is., A pril I960) Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division Wom en — Continued Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss R ... ................ Nonmanufacturing _ Tabulating-m achine op erators, class C Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ T ranscribing-m achine operators, general ... Manufacturing _____________________________ ____ Nonmanufacturinpr _ . ........... T ypists, cla ss A ___________________________________ — M anufacturing __________________________________ N onm anufacturing______________________________ — P ublic u tilitie s 2 __ _ ...... T ypists, cla ss B _____ ______________________ ____ Nianuxactunng _ __ ___ . Nonmanufacturing . . . . ... Arc RACK Weekly , earnings Under $ (Standard) (Standard) 45. 00 100 73 64 53 307 162 145 796 529 267 46 1,511 651 45 P u b li c u t i l i t i e s 2 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ t $ $ S $ $ $ * $ $ 45. and00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 under and 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over $ _ 39.5 $ 7 5 .0 0 73. 00 39. 0 39.5 70. 00 39. 0 69 00 39.5 66. 00 40. 0 6 9 .0 0 39.5 62.50 40. 0 72. 00 40. 0 76.60 39.5 64. 00 40. 0 66 . 50 39.5 60 . 00 40. 0 • 63. 00 39.5 56. 00 40. 0 58. 00 _ _ - 1 1 - - 8 - 3 6 6 5 185 55 130 5 42 14 28 37 37 11 8 14 12 87 38 49 138 73 65 23 10 10 28 17 11 87 26 61 4 361 268 132 " 175 93 229 6 23 17 22 22 34 2 10 10 8 43 19 24 8 8 16 7 7 29 27 15 ’ 6 44 25 19 2 2 1 - - - _ 3 ------— - _ - 1 31 2 29 — r ~ 2 2' 1 1 _ - _ - _ _ 2 _ - - 21 2 1 - _ _ - 1 6 2 102 50 36 g 186 109 77 88 Q7 12 6 4 3 3 2 6 - 62 195 47 72 ---- 53 — r 187 ■ 34 30 8 13 9 g 3 161 62 ------ 3j 59 140 51 62 86 221 22 1 - - _ _ . - _ _ _ _ - - _ * “ _ ~ _ _ _ " 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to th ese weekly hours. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Table A -2. Professbnal and Technical Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Milwaukee, W is. , A p ril I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Averaob Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly j Under earnings hours . (Standard) (Standard) ?5. 00 S S s S s * t \ S $ $ 1 S % S % < s $ $ 1 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 and and under 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 ov er Men _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ 2 2 40. 0 40. 0 93. 00 17 93. 00 — r r 15 12 24 — 2r 24 zl 40. 0 40. 0 73. 00 74. 00 347 210 37 37 46 46 32 32 243 218 40. 0 40. 0 8 9.50 89. 6 0 _ 1 - 12 22 19 117 D raftsm en, lea d e r --------------------------------M anufacturing _______________________ ------ ITT D raftsm en, sen io r _____________________ Manufacturing _____________________ 1, 077 1 , 0l6 683 D raftsm en, j u n i o r ______________________ Manufacturing _______________________ ------ 5FT T r a c e r s _________ _____________________ Manufacturing _____________________ 219 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 $148.00 148700 118.00 117. 50 38 _ 3 3 . 14 9 _ 20 19 Id 159 154 85 83 158 135 62 26 26 18 18 10 10 1 1 2 2 45 43 63 62 39 36 20 16 16 56 -----34" _ 62 2 2 ~ T J T ~ — 52“ 4 4 24 24 4 4 2 2 102 99 131 121 107 104 104 93 _ 33 33 _ 9 8 _ 7 7 _ 8 4 _ - - " - - 18 "1 4 "" 6 4 1 ■ ■ 134 131 48 37 1 _ 51 45 1 1 - 2 2 2 1 8 8 5 5 27 27 5 5 *32 32 32 30 17 16 6 6 8 8 1 1 * - 74 70 50 45 1 1 - - - - - - - - " - - " “ - - Women N urses, industrial (reg istered ) -----------M anufacturing _____________________ - 5 18 “ 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to th ese weekly hours. 2 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 20 at $165 to $175; 10 at $175 to $185; 2 at $185 and over. 3 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 2 at $50 to $55; 32 at $55 to $60; 13 at $60 to $65. NOTE: See note on p. 5, relative to the inclusion of railroad s. ~ “ “ ' 8 Table A -3. M aintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en\in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, M ilwaukee, W is. , A pril I960) Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly 1 Under $ 1. 70 C arpenters, m aintenance ______________________ 331 $2. 79 M anufacturing----------------------------------------------- .......ill " 2 .8 4 N onm anufacturing_________ ________ ______ 120 2. 69 56 Public u tilities 2 -------------------------------------2.43 E lectrician s, m aintenance ________ __________ 1, 135 3. 04 93lT 3.01 M anufacturing . __ ____ _______ _________ E ngineers, stationary _________________________ 276 2. 79 M anufacturing_________ 1____________________ 210 2. 86 N onm anufacturing___ ____ _______________ 66 2. 58 Firem en, stationary b o ile r _________ _______ 584 2. 44 M anufacturing_______________________________ 501 “ 2747“ N onm anufacturing___________________________ 83 2. 29 H elpers, trad es, m aintenance ________ ______ M anufacturing________________ ____________ N onm anufacturing___________________________ Public u tilitie s 2 ............................................... M achine-tool operators, to o lr o o m ____________ M anufacturing________________ ____________ M achinists, m aintenance ___ ________________ M anufacturing___ __ ___________ _________ M echanics, autom otive (m aintenance) ________ M anufacturing________ _____ ________________ N onm anufacturing___________________________ Public u tilities 2 — ------- ------------------------ 526 308 218 185 711 651 749 718 554 166 388 354 2. 20 2. 15 2. 26 2. 37 2 .94 2.97 3. 16 3. 17 2.79 2. 81 2. 77 2. 79 M echanics, m a in ten an ce__ ___________________ 1,009 2. 81 M anufacturing _ ____ ______________________ 949“ 2. 8o M illwrights ____________ „ ___________________ 511 2. 88 M anufacturing_______________________________ — w r "2.88374 2. 53 O ilers __________________ .. ___________________ M anufacturing_______________________________ 314 2. $3 P ain ters, m aintenance ________________________ 202 2. 88 M anufacturing_______________________________ 152 2. 88v N onm anufacturing___________________________ 50 2. 87 P ip efitters, m aintenance ______________________ 356 2. 93 326“ 2. 94 M anufacturing _______________________________ Sh eet-m etal w orkers, m a in ten an ce____________ M anufacturing _ ____ ________ ___________ 137 132 2.97 2.97 Tool and die m akers ____________ ____________ M anufacturing----------------------------------------------- 1,563 1,562 3. 31 3. 32 _ _ _ 33 9 3 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ ' _ * _ ' _ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.70 1. 80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2 .90 3.00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3.40 3. 50 $3. 60 S3 .70 and and under 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 J2. 30 _ 2.^40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 __2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3.70 over . _ _ - _ 55 31 24 13 11. 2 48 43 5 _ _ _ " _ 14 14 _ . _ _ _ _ _ " _ _ _ _ 8 8 _ " _ _ _ _ _ 11 11 - _ _ 8 4' ' 4 6 6 _ _ 5 5 _ _ * . . “ _ “ _ 36 34 2 _ _ _ _ _ 18 18 _ ~ _ _ ' _ 10 10 3 2 _ 11 9 2 47 8 4 5 4 42 41 “ 1 14 13 1 > 13 3 10 70 117 66 “ TIT” \ 4 6 34 119 26 T o o 8 19 7 18 _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ - 130 40 90 90 6 6 9 9 5 1 4 4 3 14 3 14 _ 4 - -----3 ~ 6 28 6 28 _ 1 1 _ 6 6 " _ _ _ _ 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 3 Workers w ere distributed as follow s: 4 at $ 1. 40 to $ 1. 50; 16 at $ 1. 50 to $ 1. 60; and 4 at $ 1. 60 to $ 1. 70. NOTE: See note on p. 5, relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 22 17 5 50 46 43 19 24 51 51 ■ 12 6 6 3 35 27 9 6 3 53 i9 24 74 19 13 10 61 9 61 9 36 92 36 34 _ 16 - ------9“ 17 96 17 17 - 79 72 - 28 182 21 21 28 182 31 28 29 31 ----- I T ~ W ~ 41 65 85 86 4T 65 14 12 4 4 9 12 5 8 10 3 8 5 3 ! ;i 1 _ " _ 54 52 22 6 23 18 37 24 13 68 64 4 13 32 18 9 15 25 15 ------ T 7 3 6 67 81 149 139 66 75 143 118 54 8 42 51 54 8 30 49 12 2 _ 10 24 93 8 — n i 93 2 ii _ _ _ 6 5 6 5 76 51 101 58 51 76 51 101 58 49 17 47 12 47 49 -------5“ " " 47' — r r 55 -----48~ 97 23 5 39 221 37 13 30 4 1 60 10 4 9 217 51 7 207 4 9 107 99 41 41 13 15 19 8 11 27 24 64 43 21 287 207 17 17 _ _ no no 51 37 10 10 - 25 25 97 95 _ _ _ 42 42 336 "336 ' 36 36 “ 66 160 98 228 48 17 86 16 215 44 62 152 90 84 20 83 72 29 27 — W " T 4 “ — m ~ “ 81“ — n r _ _ 6 10 76 18 1b 6 Id 10 16 28 2 47 38 20 36 14 35 6 2'5 2 3 14 3 2 11 17 79 53 58 48 1 1 19 50 44 48 " 4 11 4 — -r 8 126 2 57 22 99 _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ 45 32 45 i i 153 8 4 i'53 ------7~ — r i _ _ 25 24 _ * _ 1 1 47 4i l 9 9 12 12 30 29 9 5 25 25 35 35 15 15 _ - 9 3 _ _ ~ _ - _ 8 8 9 8 52 52 40 40 120 120 215 215 212 212 241 241 301 301 1 _ _ _ - 2 2 “ 4 4 ~ _ _ 11 - — rr _ _ " _ _ - . ■ _ - 2 _ _ ■ “ _ " ■ ■ _ - 325 325 28 28 12 12 _ _ - i _ _ - 9 Table A -4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, M ilwaukee, W is., A pril I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ Average $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ < % hourly 1 .0 0 1 . 10 1.50 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1 .6 0 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 t3.10 earnings4 and under 1 .1 0 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1 .6 0 J ..7 0 1.80 1.90 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 . 20 2.30 2.40 2. 50 2 . 60_ 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3.00 3. 10 over O ccupation 1 and industry division Number of worker* E levator op erators, passen ger (w om en)-.-------- 64 57 $ 1 . 21 1 . 12 34 34 5 5 15 15 4 3 Guards --------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing----------------------------------------------- 519 493 2 . 18 2 .2 2 “ - 3 3 6 2.063 1,561 502 143 1.97 2.05 1.71 2.03 18 1 17 • 37 22 15 36 9 27 “ 17 44 “ 21 Janitors, p o rters, and cleaners (w om en)---- — 1 .0 0 2 M anufacturing----------------------------------------------422 580 171 Public u tilities 3 ------------------------------------- 1 .5 4 1 .8 8 1.29 1.44 41 3 38 " 85 220 2 11 83 209 9 " 4. 370 3, 135 1, 235 440 2 . 21 2 . 20 2. 25 2. 57 80 80 “ 8 _ 8 Order fille r s ------1. 378 M anufacturing----- —----------------- --------------------438 Nonmanufacturing — .. --------------------------940 2 . 20 2. 29 2. 33 - Janitors, p o rters, and cleaners (m en). M anufacturing —. Nonmanufacturing __ .. P ublic u tilitie s 3 - - — - L aborers, m aterial h a n d lin g --------------------------Manufacturing . — _ — ---Nonmanufacturing P ublic u tilitie s 3 — - 25 5 1 3 - 30 9 ‘ 121 121 2 51 70 4 184 5 179 108 54 50 4 ~ 58 16 42 34 42 38 4 “ 7 _ 7 - 142 133 9 “ 14 _ 14 - 64 48 8 8 9 9 - 2 2 21 “ 4 4 1 ~ - 3 61 12 “ 4 1 1 38 83 16 " 16 5 5 3 , 44 45 35 35 13 13 92 92 115 115 2 2 85 85 79 79 1 1 5 5 - “ - - 81 39 42 4 112 160 48 35 228 211 17 “ 265 207 58 45 362 341 341 321 20 18 173 156 17 7 26 15 11 8 _ * 3 . 3 “ ■ * - ■ _ ■ 6 6 49 49 73 61 - - - - - - - - - “ 131 127 4 4 23 23 “ 36 31 5 4 133 117 103 58 3C 59 “ • 202 382 733 514 218 244 387 462 208 M n S n 397 “ i n n r i s r i 327 65 61 16 36 67 170 187 31 5 3 48 56 " “ 93 23 70 - 248 101 147 105 231 38 193 192 284 284 " 5 5 - - 4 4 - 9 4 5 28 7 21 35 10 25 44 14 30 _ 1 1 _ - _ 20 24 4 57 53 4 4 4 “ 12 12 18 10 " ** 12 12 128 17 21 20 164 62 142 70 72 193 40 153 230 32 198 3 123 160 8 162 162 " 103 6l 42 48 60 12 13 13 “ 23 20 3 23 17 17 17 “ - - 200 111 102 128 72 35 15 20 85 45 40 151 147 4 17 9 44 43 1 2 . 2 15 7 9 8 8 1 “ - - - - 3 3 16 P ack ers, shipping (men) - - Manufacturing — Nonmanufacturing - ---- — ----- ------- ---- 958 797 161 2. 23 2.13 5 5 “ 8 8 - 2 2 22 22 “ 1 22 20 2 P ack ers, shipping (women) - - ----M anufacturing ------------- ------------------------Nonmanufacturing — — --------- ------- 333 189 144 1 .7 2 1.87 1.51 18 18 4 4 22 12 10 20 20 29 14 15 75 50 25 13 13 2 16 R eceiving c le r k s ----------------------------------------------M anufacturing----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing — — — .. ---- .. . 338 186 152 2. 33 2. 32 2. 35 - “ - - - - 2 2 - 1 1 15 7 S 28 14 14 10 10 21 12 26 14 42 34 10 8 2 86 8 58 28 19 19 " 12 39 27 32 4 28 “ Shipping clerk s ----------------------------------------------M anufacturing----------------------------------------------- 287 247 2. 44 2. 42 - - - - - 8 8 ! - * 9 9 2 1 7 7 24 24 23 23 45 45 46 32 40 40 34 15 28 25 - Shipping and receiving clerks ------ -----------M anufacturing---------- — — — — --------Nonm anufacturing----------------------------------------- 251 134 117 2. 38 2. 47 2. 27 - - - 1 1 2 1 1 - 56 8 48 24 - 3 3 14 - 11 10 1 25 17 15 8 7 15 6 9 21 See footnotes at end of table. 2.2 1 - 5 5 8 16 - 16 9 12 8 6 168 32 rf~~ 126 6 8 16 " 8 ” “ “ 38 17 22 22 6 1 1 1 18 18 “ - - “ “ 1 ** 9 9 10 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Milwaukee, W is ., April I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers Avenge $ hourly , 1.00 earnings* and $ $ $ 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 $ 1.40 1. 30 1. 50 1. 20 1.40 $ 1.50 s 1. 60 1. 60 J. .70 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 J.80__ L 90 _ 2.00 _2. 10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2. 50 32 27 5 “ 112 110 2 " 92 61 31 28 59 34 25 10 230 88 142 74 13 9 96 96 11 11 9 2 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2.70 t 2. 80 I 2.90 $ 3.00 S 3. 10 and 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3.00 3. 10 over 468 191 277 26 891 256 635 421 1038 1 1037 937 39 27 81 £ 356 % - " 24 24 " 17 . 17 “ 24 . 24 8 8 “ 16 10 6 “ 2 2 “ 2.52 2. 30 _ _ . 1 . _ 6 _ 2.4 4 2. 40 2.47 2. 67 - - 24 24 16 16 24 24 8 8 10 10 - _ - 10 10 - 21 9 12 12 12 - 14 14 - 75 48 27 24 38 25 13 a 102 47 55 11 155 70 85 1Q 7 1 192 78 114 72 232 1 231 225 2. 2. 2. 2. 74 62 77 78 _ _ _ - _ - _ - - “ ” - “ ■ ” ■ - ~ “ 2 2 “ 7 7 “ 17 5 12 “ 20 3 17 7 190 118 72 “ 538 “ 6 6 " . Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------— Public utilities3 ---------- — G72 177 695 499 Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) - — Nonmanufacturing------------- ------------- ---------- 421 270 2. 60 2. 62 - - " - - " - 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 - 3 3 - 191 100 Truckers, power (fork lift)-------------------------------Manufacturing-----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing Dnklir nKItfiaa ^ 857 592 165 84 2. 2. 2. 2. . - _ - 6 6 8 8 - 25 24 1 94 94 - 62 62 - 157 157 - 72 32 40 39 .219 166 53 5 Truckers, power (other than forklift)-------------- Manufacturing------------------------------------------------- 415 392 2. 35 2. 35 11 11 17 17 11 11 28 28 .39 36 185 179 80 66 3 3 W atchm en-----------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -..... - ----- ------------------------------- 515 285 1.70 2.05 14 14 50 50 15 15 36 26 24 24 10 10 — — ---- — Truckdrivers4 ------Manufacturing — -------- -----------— _ — — — ------- __ Nonmanufacturing ---Public utilities3 — ---— — 3. 163 856 2, 307 1,496 $2. 58 2. 46 2. 63 2.71 Truckdrivers, light (under 1 l /2 ton s)---------- 629 its “ ( l l /z - to -------------------- Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer ty p e )------------------------------------------------ _ 936 324 612 359 45 44 48 59 3 . 8 - “ ■ 4 158 - 29 7 6 * 3 _ - 5 5 - “ ■ ! 3 1------ 1— 1_______ Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: See note on p. 5, relative to the inclusion of railroads. 61 59 2 - 57 _ 57 - _ . - _ _ - - 3 3 _ . _ _ 54 _ _ 538 492 38 36 2 " 54 “ - “ 153 93 68 68 _ - _ - _ - _ “ 29 27 2 83 30 53 40 52 50 2 7 7 - 6 6 - 24 24 - 15 15 8 8 18 18 - - ' ' ' " i1 ! U Truckdrivers, medium and including 4 tons) Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing DiiKli/* nfilifi oe ^ 1 2 3 4 21 9 12 ■ 11 10 1. " 26 18 _ - 61 55 “ 17 17c 76 ~ ~ U ~ ' B : E sta b lish m e n t P ra c tic e s a n d S u p p le m e n ta ry W a g e P ro v isio n s 11 Table B-1. Shift Differentials (P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t w o r k e r s a c t u a lly o p e r a t in g la te in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s s h ifts b y ty p e a n d a m o u n t o f d iffe r e n t ia l, fo r M ilw a u k e e , In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — s h ift w o r k , a n d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s W is . , A p r il I9 6 0 ) In e s t a b lis h m e n t s a c t u a lly o p e r a tin g — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h ift w ork T h ir d o r o th e r S econ d s h ift w o r k s h ift T h ir d o r oth er s h ift T o t a l _____________________________________________________________ 93. 0 8 6 .4 1 9 .6 5. 5 W ith 91. 3 8 5 .4 19. 4 5 .4 6 9 .9 57. 1 1 3 .8 2 .7 s h ift p a y d iff e r e n t ia l U n ifo r m cen ts T (p e r h o u r ) U n d e r 5 c e n t s ______________________________________ 5 c e n t s _________________________________________________ 6 cen ts _ .9 8 .6 - _________________________________________________ 1. 0 - .2 8 cen ts 9 cen ts 5 .4 - 1. 0 - 1. 1 . 3 1 0 c e n t s _____ __________________________________________ 20. 3 1 1 c e n t s _______________________________________________ 1. 3 1 2 c e n t s _______________________________________________ 10. 1 1 3 c e n t s ________________________________________________ 2. 7. 3. 3. 1 4 c e n t s ________________________________________________ _____ 1 5 c e n t s _______________________________________ O v e r 1 5 c e n t s _________________ ___________________ U n ifo r m p ercen ta g e 14. 6 9. 3 ( 2) ( 2) . 8 . 5 1 .7 1 9 .5 19. 5 5. 1 13. 1 - 6 percen t 7 percen t _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. 8 - - 3 .9 1. 1 - .6 3. 1 3. 6 12. 8 O t h e r f o r m a l p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ____________________ 1 .9 N o s h i f t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ________________________________ 1 .7 1 In c lu d e s e s t a b lis h m e n t s c u r r e n tly o p e r a tin g o p e r a tin g la t e la te s h ifts , a n d s h ifts . .6 . 1 1 .7 . 5 .7 1. 3 16. 3 _______________________ _____________________ th ou g h th e y w e r e n ot c u r r e n tly 2 L e s s th a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . - ( 2) .8 12. 0 .7 - - 3 .2 . 1 2 .7 2 .4 1 0 5 3 - 1. 6 5 percen t 9 p e r c e n t _____________________________________________ 1 0 p e r c e n t ____________________________________________ even - . 5 - 5. 5 ___________________ ____________________ _____ ___ _ ___ - 1 .5 7 c e n t s _______________________________ ______________ 7 c e n t s _____________________________________________ 1f z _ . 1 - _ . 1 .4 . 1 1 .2 8. 8 . 5 1. 0 1. 0 .2 ( 2) e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts 12 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women O ffice W orkers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Milwaukee, W is. , April I960) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary 1 Eased on standard weekly h o u rs3 < of— A ll industries A ll schedules Establishments stud ied________________________________ Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Nonmanufacturing 184 91 51 1 6 6 Establishments having a specified m in im u m ________ Under $ 4 0 . 00 _______________________________________ $ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 . 50 __________________________ $ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 . 00 __________________________ $ 45. 00 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 __________________________ $ 47. 50 and under $ 50. 00 __________________________ $ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 __________________________ $ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 55. 00 __________________________ $ 55. 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 __________________________ $ 57. 50 and under $ 60. 00 ________ ________________ $ 60. 00 and under $ 62. 50 __________________________ $ 6 2.50 and unde r $ 6 5 .0 0 __________________________ $ 6 5 .0 0 and under $ 67. 50 __________________________ $ 67. 50 and under $7 0. 00 __________________________ $ 7 0 . 00 and under $ 7 2 . 50 __________________________ $ 7 2 . 50 and under $ 7 5 . 00 __________________________ $ 7 5 . 00 and o v e r ____________________________________ Establishments having no specified m inim um _______ Establishments which did not employ workers 92 1 2 1 14 12 21 7 14 5 5 5 2 1 1 1 30 19 in t h is c a t e g o r y ___________________________________________ 62 21 9 4 13 4 2 2 2 1 1 - - 40 XXX Manufacturing A ll industries A ll schedules A ll schedules 40 93 XXX 184 91 53 1 2 5 8 10 4 10 4 4 1 2 1 1 22 16 XXX 1 11 XXX 102 2 5 9 14 13 20 7 12 5 7 1 1 2 1 1 2 42 XXX 41 XXX 40 47 1 5 6 7 4 12 4 2 2 2 1 1 - 41 1 1 1 8 6 12 3 1 1 3 3 - 36 1 1 5 5 12 3 1 1 3 3 - - - - 1 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 < of— 40 XXX A ll schedules 40 93 XXX 4V 2 4 7 9 5 10 3 2 1 3 1 43 1 - - 2 XXX 2 20 XXX XXX 24 XXX 49 1 2 4 8 8 4 9 4 4 1 2 1 1 - 4 7 6 4 10 2 2 1 3 1 1 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essen gers, office g irls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the m ost common workweek NOTE: See note on table B -3 , reported. relative to the inclusion of railroads. Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Milwaukee, W is. , April I960) OFFICE WORKERS W eekly ho u rs All industries A ll w o rk e rs ___________________________________ U nder 37V 2ho u rs ____________________________ 37V2 h o u rs ___________________________________ O ver 37V 2and under 40 ho u rs _______________ 40 h o u rs ______________________________________ 42 h o urs ______________________________________ O ver 42 and under 45 h o u r s --------------------------45 h o urs ______________________________________ O ver 45 h o u r s ________________________________ 1 2 3 4 100 1 8 5 85 (4) 1 “ * Manufacturing 100 (4 ) 3 4 93 “ PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 100 _ 100 “ 2 All industries 100 1 3 91 1 1 2 2 3 Manufacturing 100 1 2 94 2 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0 .5 percent. NOTE: Estim ates for all industries and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor market wage surveys made before the winter of 1959-60. Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. Public utilities 100 . - 93 7 - - " 2 13 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r i l I9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item All induatriea 1 A ll workers ____________________________________ Workers in establishments providing paid holidays _ ________________________________ Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays ______________________________ Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 96 (4 ) " “ 4 (4 ) (4 ) 22 7 24 32 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 10 1 34 43 2 4 1 4 _ 13 31 56 ” 1 23 1 26 37 1 ( 4) 4 3 2 11 1 32 44 1 5 4 1 37 17 45 “ 2 6 9 13 15 70 4 4 5 9 11 89 87 3 3 3 7 8 71 4 4 4 9 10 86 61 77 99 99 99 90 99 99 100 87 100 100 100 72 95 95 87 98 99 1 00 61 99 100 100 “ N um ber o f d a y s L ess than 6 holidays____________________________ 6 holidays _______________________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 half day __ __________________ 6 holidays plus 2 half days _________________ _ 7 holidays _______________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y ______________________ 7 holidays plus 2 half d a ys_____________________ 8 holidays _______________________________________ 8 holidays plus 2 half days ____________________ 9 holidays __ ________________________________ ___ 9 holidays, plus 1 half day ____________________ 9 holidays, plus 2 half d a y s ___________________ 10 holidays _ ____________________________________ (4 ) Total h o lid a y t i m e 5 10 day8 _______________________________________ V or more days _______________________________ 9 or more days _________ _____ __ ____________ 8 or more days ____ _____________ ____________ 71/ 2 or more d a y s ___________ _________________ 7 or more days _________ ______ _______ _____ V or more days ______ _ ________ „ __ __ 9 2 6 2 6 o r m o r e d a y s ________________ _________ _ __ 3 o r m ore days ________________ ________ _ 1 o r m o r e d a y s ____________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 n o h a lf _ 96 _ I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f fu l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l o f 7 d a y s in c l u d e s t h o s e w ith 7 f u l l d a y s d a y s , 6 fu l l d a y s a n d 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu l l d a y s a n d 4 h a lf d a y s , a n d s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s w e r e t h e n c u m u la t e d . NOTE: See n o te o n p . 1 2 , r e l a t i v e t o th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . and 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Milwaukee, W i s ., April I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries1 A ll w o rk e r s ____ ___________________________________ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 - 100 100 - 99 99 - 99 85 14 - 100 82 18 - 100 99 ( 4) - M e th o d o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________ _ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ________________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t _____________________________ O th er _ _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s __ __ _ ______ A m ount o f v a c a tio n ( 4) 1 ( 4) _ “ ~ p a y5 A f te r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k ____________________________________ 1 w e e k , ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________ ___ _ 5 50 1 7 49 - 31 - 16 8 - 21 1 46 1 53 48 1 51 67 32 89 4 7 92 4 4 81 _ 8 3 88 ( 4) 1 9 2 88 - 7 10 83 - 64 15 21 73 19 8 - 35 . 65 - “ “ “ “ 2 3 94 2 4 94 2 98 30 39 31 - 21 - 18 " A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _____ ___________________________________ _ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________ ____ 2 w e e k s --------------- ........................... ............................. 19 A fte r 2 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s ____ ________ 2 w eeks ___________________________ ____ ____ * O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________________________ ____________________ 3 w e e k s __ _______________________ ( 4) A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _________________________ ____ ___________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s __________________________ 2 w eeks O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __ „ ________ ____ 3 w eeks _________ ___________________ __ __ ____ ( 4) 1 - - ~ “ _ _ ( 4) 91 3 6 ( 4) 89 4 _ 99 - 27 30 42 ( 4) - 79 " A fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __________________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______ _ _ __ __ 2 w e e k s --------------------------- -------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ______ _____ ______________ 3 w e e k s ______________________________ ________________ See footnotes at end of table, 7 1 1 86 5 7 ( 4) 85 7 7 _ 93 - 7 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Milwaukee, W i s ., April I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy All industries1 Manufacturing _ 48 16 33 3 _ 45 28 24 4 _ 54 45 - _ 7 ( 4) 88 1 4 Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing - 1 42 29 23 2 3 <4) 41 38 13 3 4 _ 3 _ 91 2 4 _ 4 95 1 - 1 8 ( 4) 81 5 4 ( 4) 5 _ 84 6 5 7 ( 4) 74 2 16 ( 4) _ 3 80 4 13 1 _ 4 _ 51 1 44 - 1 8 ( 4) 66 7 17 ( 4) ( 4) 5 _ 70 9 15 <4) _ 42 _ 58 - 5 <4) 38 1 55 1 _ 3 _ 33 2 61 1 4 _ 51 1 44 ( 4) 5 _ _ _ 41 _ 59 Public utilities2 Am ount o f v a c a tio n p a y 9 — Continued After 10 years of service 1 week _____________________________________________ 2 weeks __________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _i___________ __________ 3 w eek s____________________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s_______________________ 4 weeks ____________________________________________ 55 _ 45 " After 15 years of service 1 week _____________________________________________ 2 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s________________________ 3 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ________________________ 4 w eek s__________________________________________ _ _ 100 ~ After 20 years of service 1 week ____________________ ___ _______ ________ __ 2 w »*1ca Over 2 and under 3 weeks ____ ___________________ 3 week8 ______ _____________ _______________ ___ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s__ __ __ _________ 4 w«f>kR Over 4 weeks _____________________________________ After 25 years of Service 1 week _______________________________________ _______ 2 weeks ____ ____ ___ _________ _____ ______________ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s________________ __ __ 3 w e e k s___ _ _ __________ ________ _______ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s_______ ___ __ _____ 4 weeks _ __ _______ __ __ ___________ ______ Over 4 weeks 1 2 3 4 5 service 1 8 (4) 33 5 51 2 _ 32 6 54 3 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. NOTE: See note on p. 12, relative to the inclusion of railroads. In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e " such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Milwaukee, W is. , April I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit All industries A l l w o r k e r s ______________________ ________________ 1 100 M anufacturing 100 Public utilities 2 100 All industries3 Manufacturing 100 100 100 80 Pu blic utilities 2 W o r k e r ^ f n e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g : L if e in s u r a n c e __________________________________ A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u ra n ce S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ___________________________ 95 99 89 93 97 53 69 43 52 59 39 82 92 99 89 93 95 S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ________ S ic k l e a v e ( f u ll p a y a n d no w a it in g p e r i o d ) ____________________________ S ic k le a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r w a it in g p e r i o d ) _________________________ 65 91 41 81 92 39 44 40 91 6 1 38 2 - 3 5 1. 36 H o s p i t a l iz a t io n in s u r a n c e ____________________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e __________________________ M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n ________________ _________ N o h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n ____ 92 91 73 26 82 1 99 99 84 10 86 67 67 55 40 78 1 96 94 74 8 74 1 ( 5) 100 98 81 5 79 81 81 75 37 79 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days1 pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: See note on p. 12, relative to the inclusion of railroads. 17 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O FFIC E B IL L E R , M A CH IN E B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller, machine (billing machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done oh a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine ) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping* Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, ad justing and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the files. May per form incidental clerical duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ ordersformaterialor merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve an y com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing older sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiativ e; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s n o t in c lu d e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o rk (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s n o t in c lu d e tra n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o rk . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptio nist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular du ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this w orker's time while at sw itchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A — O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o e s n o t in c lu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations a n d day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. C la s s B — O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. C la s s C — O perates sim ple tabulating or e lectrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple w iring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied tech n ical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calcu latio n s have been made by another person. May in clude typing of s te n c ils , m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in d uplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail. — Perform s o ne o r m ore o f th e f o llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources o r responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , puncC la s s A tuation, e tc ., of tech n ical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tab les to m aintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. C la s s B — Perform s o ne o r m ore o f th e f o llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc.; settin g up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already se t up and spaced properly. PR O FESSIO NAL AND TECH NICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER P lans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assig n in g duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or as a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail draw ings from n o tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing pur p o ses. D uties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Preparing work ing plans, detail draw ings, maps, cro ss-sectio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sse s; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and qu an tities; w riting sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accid en t on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant e r ironm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safe* f a ll personnel. TRACER Copies plans and draw ings prepared by ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing v T -square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. 1 ings and do sim ple lettering. lacing trac\c il. U ses ^le draw- 21 M AINTENANCE D POW ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, g as, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating u n its, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipm ent; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and m easuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: O perating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H e a d o r c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m ore th a n o n e e n g in e e r a re e x c lu d e d . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the sk illed m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; a ssistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled task s as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform sp ecialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S pecializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making n ecessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve req u isite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Interpreting w ritten instructions and sp ecificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 22 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metstl.parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop com putations relating to. dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of m achining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, p arts, and equipm ent required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b u ses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipm ent in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs m achinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Examining m achines and m echan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a rep lace ment part by a m achine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten sp ecificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose p rim a ry d u tie s involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipm ent and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to s tre s se s , strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L u bricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishm ent. Work in v o lv e s th e f o llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, w hite lead, and other p aint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , g as, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Laying out of work and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten sp ecificatio n s; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressu res, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine whether finished pipes meet sp ecificatio n s. In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. W o rkers p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l in g a n d r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n it a tio n o r h e a tin g s y s te m s a re e x c lu d e d . 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installin g or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F abricates, in stalls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar estab lish m en t. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. D uties involve a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping o r scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police d u ties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . In c lu d e s g a t e men w ho a re s ta t io n e d a t g a te a n d c h e c k on id e n t it y o f e m p lo y e e s a n d o th e r persons e n te rin g . JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, onprem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve o ne o r m ore o f th e f o llo w in g : Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; tran s porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L o n g s h o re m e n , w h o lo a d a n d u n lo a d s h ip s a re e x c lu d e d . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, customers* orders, or other instru ctio n s. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and m a y in v o lv e one o r m ore o f th e f o llo w in g : Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c ra te s a re e x c lu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receives and is respon sible for incom ing shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. S h ip p in g w o rk in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. R e c e iv in g w o rk in v o lv e s : V eri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv in g c le r k S h ip p in g c le r k S h ip p in g a n d r e c e iv in g c le r k TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or ind u strial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various types of e stab lishm ents such as: M anufacturing plants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and custom ers' houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r iv e r -s a le s m e n a n d o v e r -th e -r o a d d riv e rs a re e x c lu d e d . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by s iz e and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t (u n d e r l l/ 2 t o n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m ( 1 % to a n d in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s , o th e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled g aso lin e- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are c lassified by type of truck, as follow s: T ru c k e r , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) T r u c k e r , p o w e r (o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ainst fire, theft, and illeg al entry. * U .S . G OVER N M ENT P R IN T IN G O FFIC E : 19 60 0 — 5 5 7 1 1 0 Occupational Wage Surveys O ccupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, W ashington 25, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor m arkets, combined with additional an aly sis, w ill be issued early in 1961. B ulletins for the areas listed below are now available. A llen tow n —Bethlehem—Easton, P a .—N .J ., March I960—B LS B ull. 1265**33» price 25 cents Baltim ore, Md., September 1959—B LS Bull. 1265-7, price 15 cents Birmingham, A la ., March I9 6 0 —BLS B ull. 1265*37, price 25 cents Boston, M ass., October 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-8, price 25 cents B u ffa lo, N .Y ., October 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-4, price 20 cents Canton, Ohio, Decem ber 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-10, price 25 cents C incinn ati, Ohio—K y., February I960—B LS B ull. 1265*31» price 25 cents C levelan d , Ohio, September 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-1, price 20 cents D a lla s, T e x ., October 1959—BLS Bull. 1265*3, price 20 cents Dayton, Ohio, Decem ber 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-9, price 25 cents D enver, C o lo ., December 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-11, price 25 cents Des Moines, Iow a, February I960—B LS B ull. 1265-30, price 25 cents D etroit, M ich., January I960—B LS B ull. 1265-25, price 20 cents Fort Worth, T e x ., November 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-13, price 25 cents Indianapolis, Ind., January I960—B LS Bull. 1265-22, price 25 cents Jackson, M iss., February I960—BLS B ull. 1265*26, price 25 cents Jack son ville, F la ., December 1959—B LS Bull. 1265-14, price 25 cents Kansas C ity , Mo.—K ans., January I960—B LS B ull. 1265-23, price 25 cents L o s A n g e le s —Long Beach, C a lif., A p ril I960—BLS B ull. 1265*35, price 25 cents Memphis, T en n ., January I960—B LS B ull. 1265*19, price 25 cents Miami, F la ., December 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-6, price 20 cents M inneapolis—St. P au l, Minn., January I960—B LS Bull. 1265*21, price 25 cents Newark and Jersey C ity, N .J ., February I960—BLS Bull. 1265*28, price 25 cents N ew Orleans, L a ., February I960—B LS Bull. 1265*32, price 25 cents P h ilad elp h ia, P a ., November 1959—B LS Bull. 1265-16, price 25 cents Pittsburgh, P a ., December 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-20, price 25 cents Portlan d, Maine, November 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-12, price 20 cents Richmond, V a ., February I960—B LS B ull. 1265*24, price 25 cents St. L o u is, Mo., October 1959—B LS B ull. 1265“ 5, price 25 cents San Bernardino—R iv e rs id e —Ontario, C a lif., November 1959— BLS B ull. 1265-15, price 25 cents San F ra n cisco—Oakland, C a lif., January I96 0 —B LS B u ll. 1265-17, price 25 cents S eattle, Wash., August 1959—BLS B ull. 1265*2, price 25 cents Sioux F a lls , S. Dak., February I960—B LS B ull. 1265-29, price 20 cents South Bend, Ind., A p ril I96 0 —B LS B u ll. 1265*38, price 25 cents Washington, D .C .—Md.—V a ., December 1959—B LS B ull. 1265-18, price 25 cents Waterbury, Conn., March I960—BLS B ull. 1265*36, price 25 cents York, P a ., February I96 0 —BLS B ull. 1265-27, price 25 cents