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O c c u p a t io n a l W a ge S u r v e y LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH, CALiF. MARCH I9 S 6 B L S B u lle t in N o . 1 1 8 8 - 1 3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey L O S A N G E L E S - L O N G B E A C H , C A L IF . MARCH 1956 Bulletin No. 11(88-13 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner June 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Page In trod u ction ____________________ :_______________________________________________________________________________________________ W age tre n d s fo r se le c te d occu pation al g rou p s ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 3 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: B: E sta b lish m e n ts and w o rk e rs within scop e of su rv ey _________________________________________________________ . In d exes o f standard w eekly s a la r ie s fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l and a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs fo r se le cte d plant occu p a tion a l g rou p s, and p ercen t of in c re a s e fo r s e le c te d p e r io d s ________________________________________ ._____________________________________________________ 2 3 O ccu p a tion a l earn in gs * A -l: O ffice occu pa tion s _______________________________ A - 2: P r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l occu p a tion s ________________________________ A - 3: M aintenance and pow erplant occu p a tion s _______________________________________________________________ A -4 : C u stod ia l and m a teria l m ovem en t occu p a tion s _________ 5 9 9 11 E sta b lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and supplem entary w age p r o v is io n s * B-l: Shift d iffe re n tia l p r o v is io n s _______________________________________________________________________________ B -2 : M inim um entrance rates fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e rs _____________ B -3 : Scheduled w eek ly h ours __________________________________________________________________________________ B -4 : P a id h olid ays ______________________________________________________________________________________________ B -5 : P a id vacations ______________________________________________________________________________________________ B -6 : H ealth, in su ra n ce, and pen sion plans ___________________________________________________________________ 13 14 15 15 16 18 A ppendix: Job d e s c rip tio n s _______________________________________________________________________________________________ * N O TE : S im ila r tabulations fo r m ost of th ese item s a re av a ila b le in the L o s A n g e le s Long B ea ch a rea re p o rts fo r January 1952, F e b ru a ry 1953, M arch 1954, and M a rch 1955. The 1954 re p o rt a ls o p r o v id e s tabulations o f wage stru ctu re c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , la b o r -m a n a g e m ent a g re e m e n ts, and o v e rtim e pay p r o v is io n s . The 1955 re p o rt a ls o included data on fre q u e n cy o f w age paym ents, and pay p r o v is io n s fo r h olid a ys fallin g on non w ork days. A d ir e c t o r y indicating date of study and the p r ic e of the r e p o r ts , a s w e ll a s r e p o r ts fo r o th er m a jo r a r e a s , is ava ila b le upon req u est. C u rren t re p o r ts on occu p a tion a l earn in gs and supplem entary wage p r a c tic e s in the L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each a re a a re a ls o a v a ila b le fo r m a ch in ery in d u stries (January 1956), w o m e n ’ s and m isses* d r e s s e s (August 1955), p ow er la u n d ries and d ry c le a n e r s (July 1955), o ffic e building s e r v ic e (June 1955), co n tra ct clean in g s e r v ic e (June 1955), and h otels (August 1955). Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p re v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tra d e s o r in d u stries: B uilding co n stru ctio n , prin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it operatin g e m p lo y e e s , and m oto rtru ck d r iv e r s . iii 19 The C om m unity W age Survey P ro g ra m The B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics reg u la rly conducts a rea w id e w age su rv e y s in a num ber o f im portant indu strial ce n te r s . The stu d ies, m ade fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , rela te to occu pation al earn in gs and re la te d supplem entary b e n e fits. A p re lim in a ry re p o rt is a v a ila b le on co m p le tio n o f the study in each a re a , usually in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied. T his bu lletin p rov id es additional data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r re p o rt. A con solid a ted an alytical bu lletin su m m a rizin g the re s u lts o f a ll o f the year*s su rveys is issu e d a fte r c o m p letion o f the final a re a b u lletin fo r the cu rren t round o f s u r v e y s . O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u rvey - Los A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a lif . * In trod u ction T he L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B ea ch a r e a is one of s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n te r s in w h ich the D epartm en t o f L a b o r’ s B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tis tics has co n d u cte d s u r v e y s of occu p a tion a l ea rn in g s and re la te d w age b e n e fits on an a re a w id e b a s is . In ea ch a re a , data a r e obtain ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u re a u fie ld agen ts to re p re se n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M anufacturing; tr a n s p o r ta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in su ra n ce, and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u stry grou p s e x clu d ed fr o m th e se stu d ies, b e s id e s r a ilr o a d s , a r e g ov ern m en t o p e ra tio n s and the co n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m e n ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itted a ls o b e ca u se they fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t em p loy m en t in the o ccu p a tio n s studied to w a rra n t in c lu s io n . *12 W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , se p a ra te tabu lation s a re p ro v id e d fo r each o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . O ccu p a tion a l em p loym en t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in a ll e sta b lish m e n ts within the sc o p e o f the study and not the num ber actu ally su rv e y e d . B e c a u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tion a l stru ctu re am ong e s ta b lish m e n ts, the e stim a te s o f occu p a tion a l em p loym en t obtained fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lish m e n ts studied s e r v e only to in d ica te the re la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu died. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in occu p ation al stru c tu r e do not m a te r ia lly a ffe ct the a c c u r a c y o f the earn in gs data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u pplem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form a tion is p re se n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s) on s e le c t e d esta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary b e n e fits as they rela te to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te r m ’ ’ o ffic e w o r k e r s ,” as u sed in th is b u lletin , in clu d e s a ll o ffic e c le r i c a l e m p lo y e e s and ex clu d es a d m in is tr a tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l p e rso n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s ” in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o rk e rs (in clu d in g lea d m en and tr a in e e s ) engaged in n o n o ffice fu n ction s. A d m in is tr a tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te ch n ica l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e a cco u n t co n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a re u tiliz e d as a separate w ork f o r c e a r e e x clu d e d . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and rou tem en a re exclu d ed in m an u factu rin g in d u str ie s , but a re in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in nonm an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h e s e s u rv e y s a r e co n d u cted on a sam ple b a s is b e ca u se o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rv ey in g a ll esta b lish m e n ts, and to in su re p ro m p t p u b lica tio n o f r e s u lt s . T o obtain a p p ro p ria te a c c u r a c y at m in i m u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than o f sm a ll e sta b lish m e n ts is stu d ied . In com b in in g the data, h o w e v e r, a ll e sta b lish m e n ts a r e g iv en th e ir a p p ro p ria te w e ig h t. E stim a te s b a sed on the e sta b lish m e n ts stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as rela tin g to a ll e sta b lish m e n ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and a r e a , e x ce p t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu died. Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a re lim ite d to m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p re se n te d both in t e r m s o f (a) e sta b lish m en t p o lic y , 3 p r e se n te d in t e r m s o f tota l plant w o rk e r em p loym ent, and (b) e ffe c tiv e p r a c t ic e , p r e se n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s actu ally e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d shift at the tim e o f the su rv e y . In esta b lish m e n tsh a v in g v a rie d d iffe r e n tia ls , the am ount applyin g to a m a jo rity w as u se d o r , i f no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c la s s ific a tio n " o t h e r ” w as u s e d . O ccu p a tio n s and E a rn in g s T he o ccu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a re co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u factu rin g in d u s trie s . O ccu p a tion a l c l a s s i f i c a tio n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e sig n e d to take a cco u n t o f in ter esta b lish m e n t v a ria tio n in duties within the sam e jo b (s e e ap pendix fo r lis tin g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t io n s ). E a rn in g s data a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r the follow in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c le r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c ) m a in te n a n ce and p ow erp la n t; and (d) cu sto d ia l and m a te ria l m o v e m e n t. M inim um en tran ce ra te s (table B -2 ) re la te on ly to the esta b lish m e n ts v is ite d . T hey a r e p re s e n te d on an esta b lish m en t, rather than on an e m p loym en t b a s is . S ch edu led h o u rs ; p aid h olid a y s; paid v a ca tio n s; and health, in su ra n ce , and p en sion plans a r e trea ted sta tis t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lica b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r ity o f such w o r k e r s a re e lig ib le o r m ay eventually qu a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s l i s t e d .4 B e ca u se o f rounding, sum s o f in d i vidual ite m s in th ese ta b u la tion s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal tota ls. Data a r e shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o se h ir e d to w o r k a re g u la r w eek ly sch e d u le in the g iven occu p a tion a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in g s data ex clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts. N on produ ction b o n u se s a r e e x clu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b on u ses and in cen tive ea rn in gs a r e in clu d e d . W h ere w eek ly h o u r s a r e re p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tion s, r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sch e d u le s (rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) fo r w h ich s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e paid; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s f o r th ese o c c u p a tio n s have been rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . The su m m a ry o f v a ca tion plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts, ex clu d in g in fo r m a l p lan s w h ereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S eparate e stim a te s a re p rov id ed 3 An e sta b lish m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d a s having a p o lic y if it m et e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g co n d itio n s: ( l ) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts. 4 S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s (fir s t se ctio n o f ta b le B -3 ) a r e p r e se n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r tio n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ff ic e s with the in d ica ted w eek ly h ou rs fo r w om en wo rke r s . * T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u reau ’ s r e g io n a l o ffic e in San F r a n c is c o , C a lif. , by W illia m P . O’ C on n or, under the d ir e c t io n o f John L . Dana, R e g io n a l W age and In d u strial R e la tio n s A n a ly st. 1 See ta b le 1 fo r m in im u m -s iz e esta b lish m en t c o v e r e d . 2 T he ta bu lation o f m in im u m en tra n ce ra te s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s r e la t e s on ly to p r o v is io n s in esta b lish m en ts studied. 1 2 a c c o rd in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com pu ting v a ca tion p a y m en ts, such a s tim e p a y m en ts, p e rce n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t-s u m a m ou n ts. H ow ever, in the tabu lation s of v a ca tion a llo w a n ce s by y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , paym ents not on a tim e b a s is w e r e co n v e r te d ; fo r ex a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s the eq u ivalen t o f 1 w eek Js pay. Data a r e p re se n te d fo r a ll health, in s u ra n ce , and p e n sio n plans fo r w hich at le a st a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o rn e by the e m p lo y e r , excep tin g on ly le g a l req u ire m e n ts such as w o rk m e n 1s co m p e n sa tio n and s o c ia l s e cu rity . Such p lan s in clude th o se u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ran ce com pan y and th ose p r o v id e d through a union fund o r paid d ir e c tly by the e m p lo y e r out o f cu rre n t op era tin g funds o r fr o m a fund set asid e fo r th is p u rp o s e . Death b e n e fits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in su ra n ce. S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su ran ce under w h ich p re d e te r m in e d c a sh p aym en ts a r e m ade d ir e c t ly to the in su red on a w eek ly o r m onthly b a s is during illn e s s o r a c cid e n t d isa b ility . In form a tion is p r e s e n te d fo r a ll such plan s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r co n trib u te s. H o w e v e r, in New Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich have enacted te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ra n ce law s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n s, 56 plan s a r e in clu d ed only if the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n tributes m o r e than is le g a lly re q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e with b e n e fits which e x c e e d the r e q u ire m e n ts o f the law . T a b u la tion s o f paid s ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p lan s w hich p r o v id e fu ll pay o r a p ro p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 1s pay during a b s e n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u se o f illn e s s . Separate ta bu lation s a re p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) plans w hich p ro v id e fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d , and (2) plan s p ro v id in g e ith e r p a rtia l pay or a w aitin g p e r io d . In ad d ition to the p re se n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p ro v id e d s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce o r paid s ick le a v e , an u nd u p licated tota l is shown o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e eith e r o r both ty p e s o f b en efit. C atastrop h e in su ra n ce , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to a s exten ded m e d ic a l in su ra n ce , in clu d es th ose p lan s w h ich a r e d e sig n e d to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in ca se o f sick n e ss and in ju ry in v olv in g e x p e n se s b ey on d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liz a tion , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. M e d ic a l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans p ro v id in g fo r c o m p le te o r p a rtia l paym en t o f d o c t o r s 1 fe e s . Such plan s m ay be u n d erw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce co m p a n ie s o r n on p rofit o rg a n iz a tio n s o r they m ay be s e lf in su re d . T abulations o f re tire m e n t p en sion plan s a r e lim ite d to th ose p lan s that p ro v id e m onthly p aym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 1s life . 5 The te m p o ra ry d isa b ility la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R hode Islan d do not re q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s. Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Los Angeles-Long Beach, C alif., 1 by major industry division, March 1956 MinimumNumber of establishments Workers in establishments size establish Within Studied Industry division Within scope of study ment Studied scope of in scope of Plant Total 3 Office study Total 3 study 2 547,700 894,300 304 446, 160 A ll divisions _ ______________________________ 2, 164 191, 700 92,000 357,400 281, 730 541, 700 Manufacturing ______________________________ 101 111 919 190, 300 193 99,700 164,430 352,600 Nonmanufacturing____________________________ 1, 245 Transportation (excluding railroads), 62,000 47,600 16,400 77,100 80 communication, and other public utilities4___ . . 101 22 14,520 24,900 17,700 57,100 358 46 51 Wholesale trade ___________________________ Retail trade (excluding department 20,430 81, 800 26 210 101 stores) _________________________________ (5) 32,920 6 3,100 44,800 60, 600 228 51 Finance, insurance, and real estate__________ 39 17,770 31,600 10, 000 55, 300 337 51 46 Services (excluding motion pictures)7_________ 16,790 15,000 3, 000 20, 700 14 51 32 Motion pictures 8 __________________________ A ^ 1 Los Angeles-Long Beach Metropolitan Area (Los Angeles and Orange Counties). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. Los Angeles* electric utilities are municipally operated and, therefore, excluded by defini tion from the scope of the studies. 5 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 6 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion-picture distribution and motion-picture theaters; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Digitized for 8 FRASER Motion-picture production and services independent of motion-picture production but allied thereto. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups T abu lated b e lo w a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s of w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , and o f a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c te d plant w o r k e r g r o u p s. F o r o ff ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , the in d exes re la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o rm a l h o u r s o f w ork , that is , the standard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s tr a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p aid . F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, the in d e x e s m e a s u r e ch a n g es in s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, e x clu d in g p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o li d a y s, and late s h ifts . The in d e x e s a r e b a sed on data fo r s e le c te d k ey o ccu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e rica lly im p ortan t jo b s w ithin ea ch g ro u p . E ig h teen jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the o ffic e c le r i c a l in d ex; 10 sk ille d m ain ten a n ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r in d e x e s . See fo o tn o te s to table 2. A v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s or a v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in g s w e r e co m p u ted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h o u rly e a rn in g s w e re then m u ltip lied by the a v e ra g e o f F e b r u a r y 1953 and M a rch 1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h ese w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r in d ivid u al o cc u p a tio n s w e r e then added to obtain an a g g re g a te fo r e a ch o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p . F in a lly , the ra tio o f these grou p a g g re g a te s fo r a giv en y e a r to the a g g re g a te fo r the b a se p e r io d (su rv e y m onth, w in ter 19 5 2 -5 3 ) w as com p u te d and the re s u lt m u ltip lied by the b a se y e a r in d ex (100) to get the in d ex fo r the given y e a r . The in d e x e s m e a s u r e p r in c ip a lly the e ffe c ts o f ( l ) gen era l sa la ry and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by in divid u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) la b o r tu rn o v e r o r fo r c e ex p a n sion o r red u ction . A fo r c e expan sion m ight in c r e a s e the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o c c u pation and re su lt in a d rop in the in dex, w h e re a s a red u ction in the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ould have the op p osite e ffe c t. The in d e x e s a r e a ls o a ffe c te d by sh ifts in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o rk e rs e m p lo y e d by e sta b lish m e n ts with d iffe re n t pay le v e ls . F o r exam p le, the m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g esta b lish m en t out o f an a re a cou ld ca u se the in d ex to d r o p , even though no change in ra tes o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lish m e n ts. T he u se o f constant em p loym en t w eigh ts elim in a tes the e ffe cts o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s re p r e s e n te d in each jo b in clu d ed in the in d ex . N or a r e the in d exes in flu en ced by ch anges in standard w ork sch e d u le s o r in p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e , sin ce they a r e b a se d on pay fo r s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rs . In d exes fo r the p e r io d 1952 to 1955 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e ts , a p p e a re d in BLS B u ll. 1172, W ages and R elated B e n e fits, 17 L a b o r M a rk e ts, 1954-55. Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups in Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. , March 1955 and March 1956 and percent of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent increase from— (February 1953 ~ 100) March 1954 March 1955 Industry and occupational group February 1953 January 1952 January 1952 March March to to to to to 1956 1955 March 1956 March 1955 March 1954 February 1953 March 1956 A ll industries: 108.4 4. 7 3. 6 113.5 4.6 7.2 Office clerical (women) ___ __ __ 21.6 3.0 108.7 5. 6 Skilled maintenance (men) „ 114.8 5.5 6.2 22.0 3.6 113.6 109.8 3.4 6.0 Unskilled plant (men) __ __ __ __ _ _ 22.6 7.9 Manufacturing: 4. 3 3.6 109.0 113.7 5.2 Office clerical (women)_;___________________ 8. 5 23.3 Skilled maintenance (men) _ _ 115.2 5.8 108. 9 5.8 6. 7 2.9 23.0 U n s k ille d plant, (m e n ) .... ... . ... . . 108.6 3.5 7. 6 21.4 112.9 3.9 4.9 1 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard ope rator - receptionists Tabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators, general Typists, class A and B 2 Based on data for the following jobs: Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics, automotive Millwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen 5 A : Occupational Earnings Table A-l: Office Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 6 ) Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) M en NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly earnings (Standard) $ $ s $ s $ $ $ $ S $ t $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ S 35. Q0 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85.00 9 0 . 00 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 and “ “ “ “ “ and under 40. 00 45.00 50.00 -55,-0,0 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over $ 85.50 85. 56 85.50 85.00 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A --------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ---------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------- 977 595 382 53 181 84 40.0 40. 0 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ----------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ---------------------------------- 292 166 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 72.00 6 8 . 50 76.50 70.50 - - - - 6 2 C l e r k s , o r d e r --------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ---------------------------------- 1,482 384 40.0 40. 0 40.0 40.0 84.00 - - - - - 8 9 .0 6 82.00 81.50 - - - - - C l e r k s , p a y r o l l -----------■-----------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------M o t io n p i c t u r e s ------------------------------------ 397 274 123 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 85. 50 80. 50 97.00 107.50 - - - - 1 1 O f f i c e b o y s -------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------M o t io n p i c t u r e s ------------------------------------ 523 269 254 70 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 40.0 55.00 56.60 54.00 49.00 60. 50 T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s -----------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ---------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------F i n a n c e * * ---------------------------------------------M o t io n p i c t u r e s ------------------------------------ 934 457 477 55 150 155 60 39.5 40. 0 39.5 40.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 82.00 8 1.60 83.50 83.00 82.00 77. 50 102. 50 910 179 731 229 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 168 86 39.5 40.0 39.5 495 215 280 116 40.0 T O 40.0 40.0 126 26 1,0 98 1,014 68 110 - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - 88.00 76.00 - - - - - - - - 29 29 41 25 - 29 40 34 35 24 53 37 11 16 - - - 53 52 - 1 - - - - 132 75 57 80 56 24 14 4 29 - 125 71 54 4 37 - - - - - - - - - 6 6 - - - - 41 36 5 - 40 29 --39 11 2 4 - - - - - - - 28 4 - 22 1 _ - _ 37 65 _ _ 5 15 43 - 6 _ _ - 12 - - - “ 104 396 57 339 93 204 67 72 28 44 34 10 10 33 9 24 49 46 3 10 - 78 3 75 22 76 38 38 5 _ 120 5 3 19 2 1 268 - - - 268 11 3 3 110 17 102 29 357 313 12 22 8 142 19 123 98 76 11 6 55 47 3 42 - 56 3 39 301 33 - 11 6 - 32 102 ’ll 2 26 90 90 - 127 27 - 467 7 49 4 197 T51 46 31 12 116 61 61 66 1 19 3 68 - 14 31 5 5 5 72 26 21 62 34 28 18 13 - 51 33 - 39 149 83 4 51. 25 26 25 - 21 5 9 172 107 65 27 15 13 4 - 1 8 8 8 8 74 59 15 16 6 125 . 38 87 77 43 - - 3 3 1 _ _ - 1 - _ - 35 9 1" 24 7 11 _ 6 _ _ - 7 _ 7 _ _ 7 . _ _ _ 22 1 15 6 ! 16 - - 101 no 28 82 55 19 ~T3 84 17 17 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ ! _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ ; _ _ _ _ _ i - - - - - - ! _ _ 4 4 2 2 6 6 10 28 4 24 14 14 4 3 28 - 10 10 3 3 2 26 _ _ _ . _ _ _ 26 - 10 10 _ _ _ - - 2 2 _ _ 22 20 2 2 _ - 4 2 2 _ - _ - - _ : _ ; _ 1 - ! _ _ - - 4 4 . - 1 . _ _ 1 1 _ - _ - 1 1 _ . _ _ _ . _ - _ _ - _ . _ - _ i _ 1 - . _ . 1 _ _ 6 5 1 - - - - - - 89 54 35 4 7 19 - 152 90 191 91 32 59 5 17 42 ll 31 3 13 12 6 4 3 7 _ _ - - _ - - _ 4 3 2 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 _ 10 6 _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - 9 6 6 2 _ 5 _ - 58 62 80 194 n 82 14 22 6 20 25 18 - 20 2 43 24 3 51 4 47 7 1 - 1 1 111 ' 1 12 15 7 9 2 11 - 5 7 1 . .. _ 3 . _ _ - - W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b il l in g m a c h i n e ) ----------M a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e -----------------------------------B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) —------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------- 82 _ _ 23 - - - - 59. 50 61.50 " - 23 “ 104 9 69. 50 66.50 69.50 _ _ _ 9 - - - 6 - - “ 3 60.00 6 2 .5 0 “ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , M a n u fa c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------ S e e fo o tn o te a t en d o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x c lu d in g r a il r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . 75.00 77.0 6 “ 73.50 76.50 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - • 10 - 88 116 1 57 19 ' 1 - _ 21 - 18 3 35 3 32 “ 23 7 16 16 153 ld 8 45 5 " _ - - 90 46 20 26 70 48 20 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ - - - _ . _ _ . _ - _ _ . _ _ . " - - - - - - - - - 10 10 1 1 _ _ . - - - - - - - * “ - - 5 3 2 2 _ 10 10 - - _ NOTE: . - - - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - •- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 “ - O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u r v e y , c o m m u n ic a tio n , . - a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . D a ta f o r n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g d o n o t in c lu d e i n f o r m a t io n f o r d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ; th e r e m a in d e r o f r e t a i l t r a d e i s a p p r o p r i a t e l y r e p r e s e n t e d in d a t a f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b in e d a n d f o r n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . " M o t io n p i c t u r e s " r e f e r s to m o t io n - p ic t u r e p r o d u c t io n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ( G r o u p 7 8 1 1 ) a n d m o t io n - p ic t u r e s e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s ( G r o u p 7 8 2 1 ) a s d e fi n e d in th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l (1 9 4 9 e d it i o n ) p r e p a r e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t. - - L o s A n g e le s- L o n g B e a c h , C a lif ., M a rc h 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tis tic s 6 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 6 ) A ve RAGE in 00 Weekly earnings (Standard) o o Weekly hours (Standard) © o a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n o 00 o c c u p a tio n , NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ 1$ !$ $ 1$ 3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 00| 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 j 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 and under 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . OOI 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 96 Sex, Number of workers 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 - 148 3 9 .5 5 9 .5 0 - C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A .... . M a n u fa c tu r in g ... . _ . .. N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______ ______________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ _ F in a n c e * * ____ S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _________________________________ M o t i o n p i c t u r e s ________________________ 1, 8 1 6 944 872 1 11 172 279 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 4 0 .0 39. 5 7 6 . 00 7 7 . 00 7 5 .5 0 7 7 . 50 7 8 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 177 46 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 7 4 . 50 1 0 2 .5 0 - - C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s B ____________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ ______ ____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ............ . F in a n c e * * . S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _______ ________________________ 3, 102 1, 5 2 5 1, 5 7 7 371 335 570 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 6 4 .0 0 6 5 . 50 6 3 . 00 7 1 .0 0 6 5 . 50 5 4 .0 0 - 55 55 - 13b 20 116 1 - 55 115 118 3 7 .5 6 3 . 50 " - - C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A __________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ ___ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ___ .... . .... W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________ F in a n c e * * ._ . ...... 459 177 282 73 142 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 0 40. 0 3 8 .5 6 3 . 50 6 8 . 00 6 1 . 00 6 4 . 00 5 5 .5 0 12 - 21 - 12 - 21 - C le rk s , file , c la s s B _ _ ..... .... . M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e .... . _ F in a n c e * * _ S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p ic tu r e s ) _ __ . . . _ 3, 3 29 1, 1 0 7 2 , 222 99 346 1, 3 4 8 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 8 .5 5 2 .0 0 6 0 . 00 4 8 .0 0 6 2 . 50 5 3 .0 0 4 5 . 00 205 3 9 .5 4 7 .5 0 622 352 270 180 4 0 .0 “ ■'4 o : g " 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 6 8 .0 0 6 8 . 00 6 7 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 C le rk s , p a y r o ll M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g .... ._ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ........ . v V h o le s a le t r a d e ....... F in a n c e * * S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _______________________________ M o tio n p ic t u r e s ............. 3, 3 80 458 2, 922 221 2 ,4 2 9 96 - 658 - 96 - 658 - 810 2 808 - 96 657 - 1 - - _ - - - - i i 2 3 9 1 1 79 75“ 1 03 164 76 71 69 70 3 764 660 49 611 20 482 572 95 477 55 357 16 81 29 5 28 28 - 11 11 - 28 11 1 06 13 93 4 10 55 - - 22 “ 89 66 23 4 . 11 9 2 2 _ 41 35 6 _ _ _ _ _ 25 24 1 _ i - . j _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - i ~ 3. 3 ‘ 3 - 14 14 - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - | ; 1 i - - 14 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - j - ! _ j _ j _ _ 1, 3 8 7 785 602 96 103 85 154 38 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 7 2 . 50 7 2 . 00 7 3 . 00 6 8 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 6 8 . 00 7 2 . 00 1 0 3 .5 0 _ - - - - 286 1 09 177 11 13 94 325 206 1 19 31 52 18 587 409 1 78 19 29 68 204 1 21 83 40 12 5 1 42 48 94 - 84 38 46 12 - 12 j. - 1 28 - 2 23 - 12 - 12 1 j - 46 18 26 - 23 1 13 5 11 - 56 19 37 19 10 - 23 2 21 - 9 6 3 - * - - - - - - - 539 265 274 36 52 133 824 445 379 55 97 1 11 535 329 206 38 100 32 464 329 135 86 26 - 275 81 194 127 34 - 2 33 49 12 14 8 - - - - 73 - 92 22 70 27 34 82 50 32 2 28 44 27 17 - 22 14 8 3 7 - 4 4 2 1 7 - 18 1 17 13 8 - 78 63 15 7 3 - - 304 152 152 10 48 32 603 259 188 7 1 56 - 23 3 20 8 2 - - 19 - 5 5 - 9 - 2 - 12 21 573 36 537 - 212 19 404 832 59 773 5 94 528 489 124 365 14 141 158 - 539 64 6 31 7 83 64 21 20 12 _ _ 29 - - 24 - - 134 58 76 38 54 54 - - 51 27 24 4 _ _ _ - - - 48 9 39 24 75 51 24 198 107 _ _ _ 7 2 - - - 5 3 1 - 7 5 25 6 - - - 42 27 15 15 65 43 70 38 32 32 240 151 89 31 6 85 39 46 24 19 266 758 98 16 24 10 97 ~ U ~ 31 27 281 173 108 22 18 - 77 31 46 46 77 42 35 - - j - ' - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - * “ “ • ” ~ _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - " “ ~ 3 14 14 - 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' ' - - 62 30 32 2 - 27 13 14 4 - - 3 7 13 29 29 22 20 9 10 15 5 - * • " * - 6 1 5 - 2 1 1 14 11 11 - - - 3 3 - - - 12 7 7 • 2 - l 2 - 1 - ; ! | - 9 - 3 - _ - 5 5 - 91 10 20 28 3 - 5 - - - ' - 184 29 155 9 16 124 215 - 5 - 42 - 73 19 36 215 - - 16 i j | 1 J j S e e f o o t n o t e at e n d o f t a b l e . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . | i I i $ 57. 00 7 1 .0 0 5 5 . 00 6 6 . 50 5 3 .5 0 C le r k s , o r d e r ........................... M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .... ____ .. W h o le s a le tr a d e and i 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 o v e r 9 0 .0 0 j v fo m e n - C o n tin u e d B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , cla s s B ....... ........ ....................... ............. .. M a n u fa c tu r in g . _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ......... .............. W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________ F i n a n c e * * _______________________________ S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _________________ _____________ $ s is $ is s 1$ 1$ S $ S s 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 : 1 1 5 . 0 0 ’> 1 2 0 .0 0 ' 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 i 1 4 0 . 0 0 - i “ - ' 7 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis in Los A ngeles-L ong B each, C alif. , by industry division, March 1956) Average Sex, o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ Weekly 3 5 .0 0 earnings and (Standard) under 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 S $ 5 0 . 00 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 s s $ 1 $ $ $ $ % % % $ $ $ % S 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 65. 00 7 0 . 00 and 6 0 .0 0 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .Q O 9 0 .0 0 1 5 ,-Q O . 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 W o m e n - C o n tin u e d C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ____ _________ __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ ___ __ ____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _ _______ __________ ,. W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________ D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( m i m e o g r a p h o r d itto ) ______ __ ______ M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------- ------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ 2, 390 40. 0 40. 0 1, 694 84 936 39. 5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 68. 69. 68. 61. 69. 274 167 107 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 5 9 . 50 63. 00 5 4 . 50 39. 40. 39. 40. 40,. 39. 67. 69. 66. 71. 69. 59. z w ~ 50 50 00 50 50 50 50 00 00 50 50 K e y - p u n c h o p e r a t o r s __________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________ ________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________ F i n a n c e * * __ __ „ _ ______________ S e r v ic e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _________________________________ M o t i o n p i c t u r e s _________________________ 2 , 223 1, 154 86 65 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 6 0 . 50 88. 00 O f f i c e g i r l s ________ __ _______________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________ F i n a n c e * * ___________________ _________ S e r v ic e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _________________________________ M o t i o n p i c t u r e s _________________________ 924 401 523 118 214 39. 5 4 0 .0 39. 0 4 0 .0 38. 5 52. 55. 49. 52. 46. 53 42 38. 0 40. 0 S e c r e t a r i e s _______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________ „ F i n a n c e * * ____________________________ ____ S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _________________________________ M o t i o n p i c t u r e s _______________________ 8, 469 4, 420 4 , 049 451 784 1, 357 745 482 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ____ __ ___________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________ F in a n c e * * S e r v ic e s (e x c lu d in g m o tio n p i c t u r e s ) ___________________________ ___ M o t i o n p i c t u r e s ___ ____________________ 8, 9 44 3, 900 5, 044 436 754 2 , 240 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l ____________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ F in a n c e * * S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) ________________________________ M o tio n p ic t u r e s ______ __ ___________ 1 ,0 6 9 172 202 426 5 0 5 0 0 0 00 50 50 50 00 _ - - - 41 41 4 100 45 55 4 34 236 21 215 - 7 7 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 311 95 216 5 169 100 2 - - - - - - - - - - 49 44 5 9 4 5 6 4 2 - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ i ; - - - - - - - - - - - - | 329 192 137 33 394 328 66 37 - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ *_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | 18 - 28 6 22 - _ 19 5 103 24 79 34 23 - 74 20 54 - 49 47 333 221 112 26 20 29 6 - 13 25 133 490 257 233 20 48 93 - - - - - - _ - - - - - - 349 56 293 17 82 525 84 441 15 285 254 142 112 7 72 434 202 232 10 - 133 51 82 22 24 28 7 21 46 6 40 40 13 27 95 - 1 1 - 2 - 37 - - 37 - 280 74 206 - 2 - 147 32 115 9 - - 2 26 91 - - 89 6 - 11 7 9 40 4 - " - 11 10 12 14 22 - 6 - “ 4 1 - “ 8 144 21 123 266 98 168 45 77 222 83 139 23 35 91 46 45 12 3 129 119 10 1 - 47 31 16 8 - 13 1 12 8 - 4 2 2 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 19 - 18 24 12 15 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 23 10 13 - 498 115 383 27 41 180 1028 447 581 13 104 293 1079 602 477 32 121 183 2163 1463 700 116 1 41 232 1499 955 544 127 152 498 258 240 26 52 76 206 24 182 25 24 39 358 95 263 2 4 22 75 24 51 24 2 8 100 23 77 - 30 8 22 - 17 _ 7 _ 9 _ 2 - 21 - 17 _ _ 7 2 5 _ 2 _ 116 710 380 330 49 93 97 2 _ _ 7 _ _ 9 _ _ _ 158 5 112 11 46 34 22 42 19 63 20 193 - - - - _ 75 1 - 17 17 5 2 7 9 976 '47'S' "] 498 96 73 174 319 187 132 4 40 30 224 94 130 - 51 12 39 - 5 5 - 5 - _ _ _ _ 1 - 30 30 - _ 17 - 57 16 41 - 5 _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 8 33 30 - 5 - - - " - 5 - 8 - - 3 - - 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .0 7 9 . 50 7 9. 00 7 9 . 50 8 1 . 50 7 9. 00 7 4 .0 0 - - 1 - 12 159 14 145 10 27 99 38. 5 40. 0 7 4 . 50 1 0 3 .5 0 - - 1 1 5 129 154 - - - - - - - 78 1 _ 29 29 - 103 11 92 2 - 26 51 390 33 357 35 17 183 936 129 807 34 117 385 2156 877 1279 68 168 672 1932 894 1038 86 1 91 477 1731 1169 562 1 11 130 242 - 3 35 120 266 268 - " " - - - 164 5 45 10 55 92 20 38 8 89 38 00 00 00 50 50 50 - - - _ - 992 345 38. 5 40. 0 6 2. 00 8 7. 50 467 lS 8 “ 299 1 21 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 79. 89. 74. 64. 50 50 00 00 - - - - - - - - 42 42 37 37 37 15 82 22 60 49 43 43 14 61 11 50 6 29 9 20 - 16 10 6 - 69 65 4 - 54 45 19 - 9 - 19 - 3 3 - 4 3 1 - 7 7 - 104 47 39. 0 40. 0 7 2 . 50 9 9 . 50 - - - - - 17 11 29 15 - “ “ “ “ " 5 - “ 4 - " 32 8 19 ~ 1 7 " 2 See footn ote at end o f ta b le . * T r a n s p o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tio n , and other public u tilitie s * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . _ _ _ _ ; _ - - - - - - 1 _ _ _ _ 1 - - - - - - - - 1 " 1_________ _ _ _ _ _ - 5 1 .0 0 5 5 . 50 68. 70. 66. 68. 67. 63. . . - 19 91 5 0 5 0 0 0 ! - 8 39. 40. 39. 40. 40. 39. 6 - ! i 1 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs 1 fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is in L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , C a lif. , by in d u stry d iv isio n , M a rch 1956) Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly Weekly (Standard) (Standard) $ 3 5 .0 0 $ $ S, S ™ $ 4 0 . 00 4 5 .0 0 5 0. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 under 4 0 .0 0 ; 4 5 .0 0 ! 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 - - 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 1------------1------------fs s !$ s !$ $ £ e IS $ L s $ $ 7 0 . 0 0 ! 7 5 . 0 0 ! 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 1 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 H 1 5 .0 C 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . 0C 1 4 0 . 0 0 i _ _ and 1 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 I 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 m o . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 )1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 r i v e r 6 5 . 00 I | I 445 102 S w itch boa rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ____ 1 ,6 8 8 M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________ — m ~ 827 N on m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ 47 P u b lic u tilities * ___________________ W h oles a le trade ___________________ 265 F in a n ce ** __________________________ 205 S e r v ic e s (exclu d in g m o tio n 181 p ic tu re s ) __________________________ T a b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s __________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ F in an ce * * __________________________ 282 122 160 75 40. 0 5070“ 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 39. 0 $ 6 3 . 00 7 1 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 8 . 50 6 4 . 50 56. 00 40. 0 39. 5 5 2 . 00 86. 00 8 8 - _ 125 - 123 123 - 206 6 200 2 10 288 33 255 15 36 254 58 196 29 45 263 91 172 82 18 - - - “ - 122 61 92 97 - - - - 151 41 n o _ 125 - i i 294 192 102 58 24 145 86 59 24 19 55 33 22 - - - - - - 32 32 - - 2 6 3 11 2 16 2 61 360 262 98 1 22 9 190 69 1 21 39 36 17 115 25 90 4 43 13 14 9 5 - 8 8 - _ - - - _ 8 - - 25 15 10 - 4 2 2 _ - 7 7 - _ _ _ 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 62 32 30 - 39. 0 - - 11 7 64 269 88 1 81 2 53 59 40. 0 5 9. 00 - - 16 39 57 27 30 - 12 - - - 3 9 .5 40. 0 77. 78. 76. 73. _ _ _ - - - 6 - 2 - 23 14 6 2 - - - - 28 9 19 7 69 39 30 16 26 16 10 3 42 27 15 2 3 3 - - 9 6 61 13 48 36 39. 5 38. 5 - 1 - 21 21 - 00 00 50 00 - - - 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 3 3 - _ j 00 00 00 00 50 00 40. 0 470 297“ 173 1 97 32 4 68 5 63 - 64. 64. 64. 73. 66. 59. o 1, 840 507 1, 333 210 156 3 51 V o W om en - C ontinued S w itch boa rd o p e r a to r s ___________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___,______________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ P u b lic u tilities * ___________________ W h olesa le trade ___________________ F in an ce * * __________________________ S e r v ic e s (ex clu d in g m o tio n p ic tu re s ) __________________________ M otion p ic tu re s ____________________ 1 i I ■ o Number of workers o Sex, o c c u p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv isio n 13 1 12 4 !1 4 1 _ - _ - ■ _ - t 5 5 1 _ - - _ - - - _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - " - - - > - " " - - _ - - _ - - _ _ _ - - - - " " ' ~ i T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ___________________ ________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ W h o le s a le trad e ___________________ F in a n ce * * ________________________ 699 195 504 84 270 39. 40. 39. 40. 38. 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 . 50 57. 00 6 1 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 5 7 . 50 T y p is ts , c la s s A ___________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ W h o le s a le tra d e ___________________ F in an ce ** __________________________ S e r v ic e s (ex clu d in g m o tio n p ic tu re s ) __________________________ M otion p ic tu re s _______________ _____ 3 , 181 1 ,4 6 2 1, 7 19 355 1, 0 7 0 39. 4 0 '. 39. 40. 39. 5 O'" 5 0 0 6 4 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 5 9. 00 6 4 . 00 5 5 . 50 56 45 39. 0 4 0 .0 6 6 . 50 8 4 . 00 T y p is ts , c la s s B _______________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________ P u b lic u tilities * ___________________ W h olesa le t r a d e ____________________ F in an ce * * __________________________ S e r v ic e s (ex clu d in g m o tio n p ic tu re s ) __________________________ 6, 4 8 3 2, 376 4 , 107 146 344 2, 7 12 39. 0 4 0 .0 38. 5 4 0 .0 40. 0 38. 0 5 5 .0 0 6 o. bo 5 2. 00 6 0 . 00 5 5 . 50 5 1 .0 0 633 39. 5 5 0 . 50 24 24 24 28 - _ - _ - _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - ; ! - - - - - - - - - ! 56 38 18 10 1 68 54 14 2 14 2 12 2 _ - _ - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 13 1 6 _ _ _ _ - - _ - - _ - - 12 10 - “ - " - " - - 15 2 13 - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “ - - ~ - " “ ” - - • . 28 2 26 156 101 55 8 38 171 52 119 12 87 137 27 110 32 52 107 11 96 26 19 57 57 2 11 17 4 13 13 - 64 - 159 - 414 ■- 64 - 159 - 606 276 330 64 154 414 55 307 507 117 390 51 257 109 184 524 361 163 56 84 336 249 87 44 11 433 365 68 26 8 _ _ _ 16 3 8 15 4 266 209 57 - - - 56 - 552 - 56 - 552 - 56 398 1088 94 994 10 30 687 148 143 - - - 1376 1665 496“ 547 512 409 103 20 - 29 5 26 8 18 - 64 8 - 14 3 - 1169 36 100 849 829 31 143 475 927 611 316 20 66 175 166 108 51 2 - - 1 H ours r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s and the ea rn in gs c o r r e s p o n d to these w e e k ly h o u r s . * T r a n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . - - ■” i _ - 9 Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations (A ve ra ge s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h o u rs and e a r n in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a sis in Los A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , C a lif. , by in d u stry d iv is io n , M a r c h 1956) Average S e x, oc c u p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s Weekly Weekly U nder 65 .0 0 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 earnings hours and and (Standard) (Standard) under 6 5 .0 0 70.00 -15.»-0 Q_acL_oo .85^00 9 0 .0 0 -S5...00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 ov er M en 233 179 40. 0 4 0 .0 $ 130 .50 129 .50 - - - - " - D ra fts m e n , s e n i o r ----------------------------------- 2 ,6 4 1 M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------- 2 ,3 7 5 266 N on m an u factu rin g -------------------------------53 P u b lic u t ilitie s * ----------------------------- 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 98. 50 9 7 .0 0 110.00 1 01 .00 - •" 20 16 4 4 246 245 1 257 249 248 1 1 D ra fts m e n , ju n io r ----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g -------------------------------- 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 0 .5 0 77. 50 9 8 .5 0 76 68 8 99 96 3 281 279 2 119 111 8 D ra fts m e n , l e a d e r -------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------------- 1 ,0 7 5 933 142 z & r 13 2 - 204 T80~1 24 - - 350 476 444 ' 340" 10 32 2 2 70 63 7 91 90 1 18 18 - 341 145 134 11 5 W2T 13 10 3 39 25 5 4 1 3 25 25 35 35 78 187 50' " 1 3 3 28 54 1 11 50 2 48 57 2o 37 - 94 114 67 “ 102 27 12 _ - 74 32 10 10 66 36 ' 30 11 10 1 - - - 4 4 4 4 _ _ " - - - - 3 2 1 1 - - _ ■ _ " _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 2 — 2 2 - 11 2 r 2 2 - _ 1 26 26 1 _ - _ 1 - _ I ! i W om en N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) -------- -----M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------- 29 29 557 494 63 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 4 .0 0 84. 50 8 2 .0 0 11 7 4 93 86 7 55 44 11 21 13 8 105 96 9 125 117 8 109 104 5 13 9 4 15 9 6 6 6 3 1 3 - ■ 1 " " ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L -____ 1 H ours r e fl e c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re gu la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s and the ea rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e se w e e k ly h o u r s . * T ra n sp o rta tio n (ex clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tio n , and other pu b lic u t ilit ie s . NOTE: Data f o r nonm an ufacturing do not in clu d e in fo r m a tio n f o r dep a rtm en t s t o r e s ; the r e m a in d e r o f r e t a il tra d e is a p p ro p r ia te ly r e p re s e n te d in data f o r a ll in d u s trie s co m b in e d and fo r non m an u fa ctu rin g. "M o tio n p i c t u r e s " r e fe r s to m o tio n -p ictu re p r o d u ctio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts (G roup 7811) and m o tio n -p ic tu r e s e r v ic e in d u s trie s (G roup 7821) as defin ed in the Standard In du strial C la s s ific a t io n M anual (1949 e d ition ) p r e p a r e d by the B u rea u o f tb«... L-cb^et. T a b le A -3 : M a in te n a n c e and P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a t io n s (A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 fo r m e n in s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a s is in Los A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , C a lif. , by in d u stry d iv is io n , M a r c h 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccu p a tion and in d u s try d iv is io n C a r p e n t e r s , m a in ten a n ce ------------------------------------M an u factu rin g -------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------P u b lic u tilitie s * -----------------------------------------S e r v ic e s (ex clu d in g m o tio n p ic t u r e s ) ----M o tio n p i c t u r e s -------------------------------------------- 1, 108 813 295 48 55 59 E le c t r ic ia n s , m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------ -------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------M otion p ic tu r e s -------------------------------------------- 2 ,2 3 1 1, 856 375 188 Average hourly earnings ? .. 2 .3 8 2. 58 2 .2 9 2. 62 3. 14 2. 2. 2. 3. 57 52 83 14 $ $ 1. 50 1 .60 and under 1. 60 1 .7 0 - - $ 1 .70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3 .2 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3. 10 3 .2 0 3. 30 1. 80 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2 . 80 - - 6 6 - 24 23 1 - 33 14 19 2 - 149 110 39 17 6 - 120 lb 7 13 2 - 22 7 215 12 4 4 - 230 198 32 23 1 “ 80 33 47 17 - 71 . ?1 - 60 8 52 12 “ 2 2 - 41 32 9 _ 9 - 6 6 _ 6 - 59 59 _ 59 - - - - 30 29 1 81 165 58 "149 16 23 - ' 192 185 7 - 801 773 28 - 179 169 10 " 358 274 84 - 85 fl 14 - 4 4 37 37 - 26 22 4 - 205 17 188 188 - $ 3. 30 " 3 .4 0 $ 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 $ 3. 50 " 3 .6 0 _ _ _ > . - - - - 68 68 _ _ _ _ - - - _ - * - _ _ _ _ _ S ee footn ote at end o f ta b le . O ccu p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y , L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , C a li f ., M a rch 1956 * T r a n s p o rta tio n (e x clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LABO R B u rea u of L a bor S tatistics N O TE: Data f o r nonm an ufacturing do not in clu d e in fo r m a tio n f o r d ep a rtm en t s t o r e s ; the r e m a in d e r o f r e t a il trad e is a p p ro p r ia te ly r e p r e s e n te d in data fo r a ll in d u s tr ie s c o m b in e d and fo r n o n m an u fa ctu rin g. "M o tio n p ic t u r e s " r e fe r s to m o tio n -p ic tu r e p ro d u ctio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts (G roup 7811) and m o tio n -p ic tu r e s e r v ic e in d u s trie s (G roup 7821) as defin ed in the Standard In du strial C la s s ific a t io n M anual (1949 e d itio n ) p r e p a r e d b y the B u rea u o f the B udget. 10 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s in L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 6 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccup ation and in du stry d iv isio n Number of workers Average hourly earnings E n g in eers , s ta tio n a r y -----------------------------------------M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------S e r v ic e s (exclu d in g m otion p i c t u r e s ) -----M otion p i c t u r e s ------------------------------------------- 785 52 6 260 109 32 $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. F ir e m e n , s ta tion a ry b o ile r -------------------------------M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 157 84 2. 03 2. 10 H e lp e r s , tr a d e s , m a in t e n a n c e ---------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------- 1 ,6 9 4 1 ,5 1 6 178 M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m ------ -------------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------- $ $ 1 .6 0 1 .5 0 and under 1. 60 1 .7 0 50 50 50 32 14 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 1.80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 99 19 80 1 - 25 25 - 48 25 23 23 - 8 8 8 _ > 11 11 11 - 4 4 4 " 23 1 22 19 - 45 "9 36 34 60 53 7 3 - 215 208 7 6 “ 141 111 30 - _ _ - 68 12 - 24 23 9 9 8 8 14 14 - “ - 403 369 34 97 77 20 132 100 32 22 3 19 805 804 1 2 2 - 48 48 - - _ _ - - 12 12 46 46 58 58 474 474 300 300 752 752" _ - - 22 22 - 151 139 12 - 143 133 10 213 211) 3 25 16 9 1 “ 66 36 30 11 - 246 30 216 162 31 185 27 158 143 5 771 165 606 469 55 935 121 814 755 18 28 220 199 21 13 377 655 22 14 205 196 9 - 691 656 35 32 24 3 131 - - - . _ - - 34 18 2 .0 8 2. 08 2 .0 7 4 4 74 66 8 107 95 12 1 ,8 4 6 1 ,8 4 6 2 .4 7 2 .4 7 - _ _ - - - M a ch in ists, m ain ten an ce ------------------- ----------------M anufacturin g ---------------------------- ---------------------N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------M otion p i c t u r e s ------------------------------------------- 1 ,6 7 8 1 ,5 3 6 142 58 2. 2. 2. 3. 57 55 70 14 _ - - _ - 14 14 - M e ch a n ics, au tom otiv e ( m a in t e n a n c e )-------------M anufacturin g -------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------P u blic u tilitie s * -----------------------------------------W h olesa le t r a d e ------------------------------------------- 2 ,3 9 8 472 1 ,9 2 6 1,541 129 2. 36 2715 2. 36 2. 35 2 . 33 . - _ - _ _ 11 11 - * - - - M e ch a n ics, m a in t e n a n c e ------------------- -----------------M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------W h olesa le tra d e ------------------------------------------ 2 , 149 2 ,0 5 5 94 61 2 .3 3 2 .3 3 2. 32 2 .3 2 - _ - _ - 50 50 - - - M illw righ ts -----------------------------------------------------------M anufacturin g --------------------------------------------------- 360 — 352 2 .4 8 _ "T .'4 'S " - O i l e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 535 ----- 511 1 .9 4 1 .9 4 _ P a in te r s , m ain ten an ce ---------------------------------------M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing -------------------------------------------P u blic u tilitie s * -----------------------------------------M otion p ic tu r e s ---------------------------------------- 876 592 184 39 27 2 .3 6 2 .3 5 2 .4 1 2 .2 6 3. 14 _ - P ip e fitte r s , m a in ten a n ce ---------------------------------574 M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------- — 55T ~ 2. 59 2759 P lu m b e r s , m ain ten an ce --------------------------------------M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 321 265 2 .4 7 2742 S h e e t -m e t a lw o r k e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ------------------M anufacturin g --------------------------------------------------- 235 215 T o o l and die m a k e r s -------------------------------------------M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------- 3 ,2 2 0 3 ,2 0 9 1 * - - - “ 212 210 2 2 _ _ „ _ - - - - - , 12 12 16 16 54 53 117 249 249 20 20 10 9 20 9 11 - 106 77 29 1 185 152 33 15 - - - . _ 2 - - - - 1 _ _ 23 - 36 21 _ - . - - - _ - t r r _ - _ - _ 26 - - - - - 2. 52 2. 51 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 2 .6 7 2. 67 - - _ - _ _ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b li c u t i l i t i e s . — 2T~ ---- 3 “T H 7 7 - - 99 67 32 32 - _ _ _ _ - " - " - - * - “ - - - 164 164 25 26 " - - - - - 406 398 8 - 483 446 37 69 69 - 15 15 - 62 62 - - 37 15 22 14 64 52 12 6 26 10 16 - - " 29 26 _ 3 38 38 - - 299 T97 2 - - " - _ _ - - " - " - 15 15 - “ 100 42 58 58 - _ - - " 6 6 - 24 24 - 2 2 - - " - - _ - - - . - _ - - - “ - " - - - - - 187 179 - _ _ - - - - - - - 3 3 - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - 6 6 - - - * - “ - • - - 122 114 8 6 48 24 24 - 98 96 2 - 14 2 12 - - 41 37' 4 - - - - - - - - - " - - 27 27 27 - 8 - 140 114 26 17 2 26 26 122 120 154 154 231 6 6 - - 4 - 5 5 18 13 130 82 78 - 2 - - - - 2 - " 50 50 16 5 6 - - 26 12 - - ~Ib - 354 353 170 169 20 - - 63 61 75 F T 2l 28 15 18 9 9 29 29 18 40 40 61 61 130 37 37 452 462 623 T H H Q 16 1313 1313 " 20 - - ■ - - - - - - - - - 22 - - - - "22 - 30 - - - - “ - - - 3 _ - - 3 - - - - - 9 180 TS0 11 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movement Occupations 1 ( A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s 2 s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , M a r c h 1 9 5 6 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n a n d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Average hourly earnings 8 .9 0 1.00 and under ■L«.Q.Q- _L_LQ_ $ 1. 10 $ 1.20 1, 2 0 _ f . 30 f . 40 f . 50 1 t.4Q. K-5Q..._ f. 60 f . 70 f .8 0 1 ^-ZQ— 1-.8-Q - .JL 9.0 f . 90 1.00 2-.QQ— Z.M I Q 1 .1 0 .. 2 .2 0 1.20 I . 30 1 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 ,.60 $ 2 .7 0 1 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 . 70 2 .8 0 2.90 3 .0 0 $ E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (m e n ) N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________ _____________________ F i n a n c e * * _______________________________________ S e r v i c e s ( e x c lu d in g m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ) ____ _ 1.22 1.21 1.26 378. 365 130 185 1 .0 7 E l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ 369 34 3 1 .2 9 1 .2 7 G u a rd s M a n u fa c t u r in g . __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________ M o t io n p i c t u r e s 2 ,7 6 3 —2 * 1 3 4 62 9 1 .9 5 1 .9 5 111 1 .5 0 2 .2 3 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s ( m e n ) . M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________ ___________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g P u b lic u t i li t ie s * W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________ F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________ S e r v i c e s (e x c lu d in g m o t io n p i c t u r e s ) _____ M o t io n p i c t u r e s _______________________________ 1 0 .9 9 5 5 ,0 9 9 5 ,8 9 6 51 4 320 1 ,0 3 8 2 ,5 5 8 265 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c le a n e r s (w o m e n ) M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ F i n a n c e * * ___________________________________ _ M o t io n p i c t u r e s _______________________________ 2 , 569 332 1.98 155 155 57 57 21 6 - 134 51 _ - 65 65 28 28 . 6 6 - - - 6 6 - 21 - 1 .5 6 1 .7 0 1 .4 5 1 .6 7 1 .6 5 1 .3 1 1 .3 5 21 1.96 - 1 .3 2 1 .6 2 1 .2 7 116 2 2 2 - - - 21 21 18 12 60 38 11 - - ~ - - _ _ _ - _ - - " - - - _ _ _ - * - - - - - - - 11 26 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 14 14 - - - - - - - - - - 803 189 614 31 29 52 435 1021 158 5 1333 25 2 50 40 2198 1396 80 2 255 55 _ 6 22 8 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 135 135 _ - 8 8 120 515 209 306 9 32 , 265 22 8 14 1131 927 204 63 53 - _ - - - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 304 126 126 _ 130 130 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ • - 7 _ 7 _ 7 - - - - - 80 _ _ 2460 22 22 709 312 56 2 10 30 105 156 23 2340 28 29 751 145 2 - - - - - - 246 79 29 50 85 60 25 79 67 68 8 - - - 14 4 2 - 163 23 110 162 1 22 1 - 7 34 1.22 - 11 1 12 - - - 110 1 .9 6 - - - - - - - - - - L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ___________ _____ ___________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * W h o le s a le t r a d e . _ . _ __ 8 .5 3 5 4 ,0 3 6 4 ,4 9 9 869 1 .9 0 1 .8 9 1 .9 1 4 4 - 8 _ - 17 13 4 - 121 129 63 58 - 68 61 2 1,916 1 .9 3 - - - - - - 7 649 511 138 _ 113 1126 424 702 3 178 1853 1209 644 14 4 49 2803 950 1853 40 9 77 2 99 3 403 590 441 70 265 73 192 2.00 _ - O rd er fille r s M a n u f a c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g W h o l e s a le t r a d e 1 .9 4 _ _ _ 20 37 46 109 - - - 20 - - - 152 150 559 38 4 361 72 289 22 3 557 1.86 398 143 255 2 55 769 1 .9 6 1 .9 5 63 37 26 26 264 ___ 2 .8 1 1 603 2 ,2 0 8 1 ,4 1 4 P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( m e n ) M a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ W h o l e s a le t r a d e 1 ,3 2 6 53 4 792 762 1 .8 3 1 .8 3 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 _ _ _ 108 6l 47 47 43 9 117 322 322 357 2 03 154 136 148 9 139 135 332 332 1 .6 7 1 .6 7 1 ,1 4 8 650 498 2 43 1 .9 9 1 .9 4 2 .0 6 1 .9 9 ......... . _ _ _ _________________ P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( w o m e n ) . . M a n u fa c t u r in g _ _______ R e c e iv in g c le r k s M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ... W h o l e s a le t r a d e _____ ... ___ _____ ... .. - - 6 20 - 40 14 89 45 4 4 21 12 - - - - - 55 34 - - 4 4 21 21 21 21 171 91 80 80 * - 112 210 _ 112 - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 19 19 _ _ . . - _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - 2 2 2 _ _ 37 37 136 136 153 153 _ _ _ - 6 6 _ - - - - - _ 4 2 _ 88 103 64 39 19 365 102 200 46 56 39 172 70 - 53 34 19 19 - - - - - - - - 4 2 - - - - - - - 76 12 165 111 _ _ - 47 43 4 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 80 - 557 216 - . 66 238 _ 208 - 107 3 104 14 _ S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . NOTE: - 37 7 - - 4 20 115 305 305 410 43 367 18 - - - 357 357 - 8 - 68 68 329 72 33 39 . - " 196 4 13 1951 570 _ 814 803 - 6 _ _ - - 240 140 _ _ 590 501 89 27 n o _ no - _ - - 24 24 - 2 .9 6 1 392 _ _ _ _ 348 308 40 - - 120 - 1 1 7 7 - 5 - 22 5 5 - 183 139 44 12 12 - 5 5 - 20 9 148 61 6 6 307 18 269 - 43 33 - 166 166 33 33 31 - 116 ___ 5 i _ 57 71 68 68 _ - 21 - 33 33 33 102 39 118 102 16 6 . _ - - 23 13 66 1 - - _ 10 66 7 - 1 1 2 2 _ _ i _ _ _ - . _ O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , M a r c h 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics D ata f o r n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g d o n o t i n c lu d e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ; th e r e m a i n d e r o f r e t a i l t r a d e i s a p p r o p r i a t e l y r e p r e s e n t e d in d a ta f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b in e d a n d f o r n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g . " M o t i o n p i c t u r e s " r e f e r s t o m o t i o n - p i c t u r e p r o d u c t i o n e s t a b l is h m e n t s (G r o u p 7 8 1 1 ) a n d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e s e r v i c e i n d u s t r i e s ( G r o u p 7 8 2 1 ) a s d e f in e d in th e S ta n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l (1 9 4 9 e d i t io n ) p r e p a r e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t . 12 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movement Occupations - Continued (A v era g e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c te d occu p ation s 2 studied on an area b a sis in L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h , C a lif. , by in d u stry d iv isio n , M a rc h 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O ccupation and in d u stry d iv isio n Average hourly earnings 750 45 0 300 250 $ 2 .0 8 2 .0 9 2 .0 7 2 .0 8 824 474 350 2 .0 1 2 .0 1 2 .0 0 T ru c k d r iv e r s 3 1 0 .9 7 3 M anufacturing ______________________________________ 3 ,6 7 9 N onm anufacturing _ ....... .. . . 7 ,2 9 4 P ublic u t ilit ie s * ......... 3 ,6 7 0 W h o lesa le tra d e . 2 , 124 M otion p ic tu r e s _ _ * .. , , ... _ 40 3 2 .1 5 2 .1 1 2 . 16 2 .0 9 2 .1 9 2 .5 5 Shipping c le r k s __ M anufacturing N onm anufacturing W h o lesa le tra d e _ _ _ _ _ . ___ _ ... _ . _ ... . Shipping and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s ______________________ M anufacturing _____________________ _________________ N onm anufacturing ............... ........... T r u c k d r iv e r s , ligh t (under IV2 t o n s ) _________ M anufacturing _ N on m anufacturing ... _ _ _ _ 1 .2 6 6 6 l7 649 1 .9 0 1 .8 5 1 .9 5 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (IV 2 to and including 4 t o n s ) _________________________ _______ ..... ............................ M anufacturing . . . N onm anufacturing _ ___ P ub lic u t ilit ie s * _ _ . ..................... _____ . .. W h o le sa le tra d e ..... 3 .8 0 3 1 ,1 3 1 2 ,6 7 2 1 ,6 0 5 74 3 2 .1 0 2 .1 6 2 .0 7 2 .0 8 2 .0 9 T r u c k d r iv e r s, h eavy (over tr a ile r typ e) _ .. M anufacturing N on m anufacturing _ P ub lic u t i li t i e s * W h o le sa le tra d e 3 .2 9 9 1, 180 2 ,1 1 9 1 ,0 8 2 492 2 .2 0 2 .1 6 2 .2 2 2 . 10 2 .3 2 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (over 4 t o n s , other than t r a ile r ty p e ) _ .................. M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________________ N onm anufacturing W h o le sa le tra d e _ ___ ... ... 1 .5 7 4 521 1 ,0 5 3 597 T r u c k e r s , pow er ( f o r k lif t ) __________________________ M anufacturing _ ... _ ... .... .... N onm anufacturing P ublic u tilitie s * ....... .................. W h o le sa le tra d e _ ...... _____ 3 .0 8 5 2 , 130 95 5 183 321 2 .2 0 2 .1 5 2 .2 1 911 60 3 2 .0 3 1 .9 2 1 ,0 5 8 699 359 109 114 40 1 .6 0 1 .6 4 1 .5 2 1 .3 4 1 .3 3 2 .2 6 4 ton s, ... _ ............ . _ .... .... __ _ _ ....... .................. T r u c k e r s , pow er (other than fo r k lift) __ M anufacturing ............... W atchm en ..... M anufacturing N onm anufacturing Finance * * S e r v ic e s (exclu din g m otion p i c t u r e s ) _____ M otion p ic tu r e s _ _ * $ 0 .9 0 and under 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ , 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 _ - _ - _ - - _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ - _ 5 5 - 7 _ 7 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2.90 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 . 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 104 60 44 44 130 90 40 31 209 103 106 94 67 35 32 32 40 6 34 25 42 42 _ - 68 41 27 7 8 7 1 68 50 18 165 59 106 134 117 17 176 119 57 196 108 88 48 48 8 _ 8 4 4 _ _ - - - 162 22 140 _ 277 220 57 4 34 695 441 254 15 137 4086 1103 2983 2442 460 1905 425 1480 1018 355 691 243 448 189 94 1166 509 657 507 36 471 _ 153 119 34 _ 393 89 5 246 649 _ 457 - - - - - - - 2 40 3 155 147 8 368 11 357 3 3 24 20 4 _ _ _ - - 2058 170 1888 1378 430 48 5 232 253 117 66 293 89 204 109 32 434 395 39 91 28 63 _ 35 63 - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ 44 22 22 _ _ 4 4 - 2 2 _ 75 61 14 1 _ - - - - - - 139 - 277 20 0 77 1 19 - 44 22 22 4 4 2 _ 2 69 61 8 148 22 126 125 118 7 47 43 4 275 170 105 87 25 62 _ 14 147 94 53 1 34 185 98. 87 _ _ _ - 20 14 6 6 $ 1 .9 0 - - - - - - 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ 6 _ - - - - - - - 14 _ 14 _ 14 - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 48 55 64 1203 42 --------55 ------ I T — 5TQT _ 6 41 693 _ _ _ 670 41 23 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 15 2 _ _ - - " - - . _ _ _ 35 35 _ _ 55 55 _ _ 255 25 5 _ _ 442 375 67 _ _ _ _ - - - 2 .2 5 2 .2 1 2 .2 7 2 .3 6 . - - - - - - 2 .0 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 55 - 641 216 513 338 134' - r z r “ ------ u$~ 70 507 87 268 44 5 _ _ _ 412 30 87 . 193 82 - _ 38 _ 34 _ » 8 _ ------ 5 _ _ _ 2 34 - - 66 123 — — W _ 24 — IT _ - - - - - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 225 217 8 116 107 9 106 76 30 3 1 2 24 24 41 41 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ “ - “ - “ 1 40 “ - - 38 25 13 4 * - - 226 _ - 34 44 44 26 - 2 152 152 _ _ _ _ 10 90 90 78 52 22 _ _ _ 230 228 ----- 35“ _ _ _ _ _ 78 52 - _ _ _ _ _ 15 15 30 22 4 3 _ 3 _ 10 10 _ - - _ 28 8 12 - - _ 26 . - - _ — _ - 93 59 34 „» _ _ - 8 6 2 _ _ _ - 373 41 332 4 140 - - - 241 95 146 _ - 29 101 126 ” 87 " — 45“ 14 80 7 16 5 44 " " - 399 202 197 177 14 708 677 31 _ - - 34 _ _ _ _ 24 24 _ _ _ _ _ - 126 - 8 8 _ _ _ _ - - _ - - - 30 _ - - - - 10 10 _ _ - 28 - _ _ _ - - - 30 30 - 94 - _ 38 8 30 - - - _ 45 6 138 318 312 _ _ _ _ 194 26 168 164 _ - _ _ 18 18 _ 99 22 77 32 371 137 234 476 330 146 2 88 i.9 d 14 14 _ 251 48 203 68 118 97 21 21 _ _ _ _ E x c lu d es p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w ee k e n d s, h o lid a y s, and la te s h ift s . Data lim ite d to m e n w o r k e r s ex ce p t w here oth e rw ise in d ic ated . In clud es a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type of tru c k o p era ted . * T r an sp ortation (exclu din g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilit ie s . * * F in a n c e, in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . - 33 22 11 11 $ 1 .8 0 4 - 66 12 _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - _ _ - _ _ _ 13 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential P ro v isio n s1 P e r c e n t of m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s — (a) In e sta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v isio n s fo r — Shift d ifferen tial S econd sh ift wo rk T o t a l --------- ------------------------------------------------ With shift pay d ifferen tia l _________ U n iform cen ts (per hour) _ __ ---------------------------- __ _____ __ _________ _ __ __ _____________________ 8 3 .5 2 0 .0 3 .4 9 3 .8 8 3 .5 2 0 .0 3 .4 7 0 .4 2 4 .3 1 5 .8 1 .8 _ _ ___ 1 1 .7 7 .2 1 .6 .1 __ _____ ____________ __ __ __ _________ _ _____ __ _________ _ __ __ __ __ __ ____________ 5 .5 . 6 - 1 .0 - - .7 - - .6 - __ ______ _____ ___ _____ _____ P aid lunch p e r io d , plus cen ts d if f e r e n t ia l ___________ — ________ 3 .6 1. 1 _ 1 .4 6 .6 _ - . 7 . 1 .3 .4 - t t .1 .3 - ____________ 5. 6 6 .0 .6 ___________ 2 .2 1 .8 .1 t ________________ 2 .2 4 2 .6 .4 1 .2 ______________________ 2 .9 2 .0 .4 .3 4.4 5. 5 1 .6 .1 _____ — — ------------- ------------- _ No sh ift pay d if f e r e n t ia l ____________ - - .1 F u ll pay for reduced h o u r s, plus cen ts d i f f e r e n t ia l ___________ ________ _____ _____ __ __ __ _ 9 3 .8 1 .0 .3 5 .9 4 .4 F u ll d a y ’ s pay fo r reduced h ours __ __ _____ O t h e r ______ T h ird or other sh ift .4 . 6 1. 1 .3 3 .8 . 1 3. 6 .2 4 .9 .5 .2 .3 __ _________________ 5 p e r c e n t ________________ __ 6 p erc en t — _________ _____ 7 V2 p e r c e n t _____________ __ 8 p erc en t __ _________ _____ 10 p e r c e n t __________ __ Second sh ift 1 .8 5 .8 5 .0 1. 1 1 5 .9 .5 1 9 .5 .9 1 5 .9 2 .2 1 .0 .8 4 cen ts _ _____________ _________ __ __ ____________ 5 cen ts _ _________ __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ _________ _ 6 cen ts _ _________ _____ _____ __ __ „ _________ _ 7 o r 7 V2 cen ts _ _____ __ __ __ __ __ _______________ 8 cents _ _____________ __ __ ____ _ _____________________ 9 cen ts _ ________________ _____ ___ ___ __ ____________ 10 c e n t s ______________ _____ __ __ __ _________ ___ __ __ __ _____________ 11 c e n t s ______ _____ __ __ ___ 12 c e n t s ______ _______ __ __ __ __ _____ __ ___ 13 , I 3V3 , o r 133A c e n t s ________ _ __ __ __ ___ 15 cen ts _________________ __ ___ __ __ __ ___________ O v e r 15 c e n t s ___ _____ _________ __ __ __ _________ U n ifo rm p ercen tage T h ir d or other sh ift w ork (b) A ctu a lly w orking on— — ---------------------------- 1 Shift d ifferen tia l data are p r e se n te d in te r m s o f (a) e sta b lish m e n t p o lic y , and (b) w o r k e r s actu ally em p loyed on late sh ifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y . An e sta b lish m e n t w as c o n sid e r e d as having a p o lic y if it m e t eith er of the follow in g c o n d i tion s: ( l) O p erated late sh ifts at the tim e of the su r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v isio n s c o v er in g late s h ift s , t L e s s than 0 . 0 5 p erc en t. O ccup ation al W age S u r v e y , L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h , C a lif. , M a r c h 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 14 Table B-2*. N um ber o Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office W orkers1 e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m h ir in g rate in— M a n u fa c tu r in g M in im u m r a te (w e e k ly s a la r y ) A ll in d u s t r ie s E s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d . ................... _ 304 N o n m a n u fa c tu r ing M a n u fa c tu r in g B a s e d on s ta n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 111 40 XXX N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m h ir in g r a te in— A ll s c h e d u le s 37 Vz 193 XXX A ll in d u s tr ie s XXX 304 ........ U n d er $ 3 2 . 5 0 ___________ . _________________________________________ $ 3 2 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 3 5 . 0 0 . $ 3 5 . 0 0 an d u n d e r $ 3 7 . 50 .. . ___ _ $ 3 7 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 4 0 . 00 ___ __ $ 4 0 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 4 2 . 5 0 ______________________________________ $ 4 2 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 4 5 . 0 0 ______________________________________ $ 4 5 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 4 7 . 5 0 $ 4 7 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 5 0 . 0 0 $ 5 0 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 5 2 . 5 0 $ 5 2 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 5 5 . 0 0 $ 5 5 . 0 0 an d u n d e r $ 5 7 . 5 0 $ 5 7 . 5 0 an d u n d e r $ 6 0 . 0 0 $ 6 0 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 6 2 . 5 0 ____________________________________ $ 6 2 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 6 5 . 0 0 $ 6 5 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 6 7 . 5 0 ......... . $ 6 7 . 5 0 an d u n d er $ 7 0 . 0 0 _ ■. $ 7 0 . 0 0 an d u n d er $ 7 2 . 5 0 ______________________________________ $ 7 2 . 50 an d u n d er $ 7 5 . 0 0 ______________________________________ $ 7 5 . 0 0 an d o v e r ___________________________________________________ 160 67 62 93 11 73 _ - _ 1 3 3 6 5 14 6 11 8 6 3 1 _ 1 3 3 5 5 14 6 8 8 6 3 - _ _ _ 1 - 1 - - 9 2 2 2 1 3 - 1 1 12 15 18 15 27 12 14 12 9 7 9 2 1 3 2 " 12 12 10 13 6 3 4 3 4 9 2 1 3 1 111 40 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 193 37 Vz XXX 40 XXX F O R O T H E R IN E X P E R IE N C E D C L E R IC A L W O R K E R S F O R IN E X P E R IE N C E D T Y P IS T S E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c if ie d m in im u m B a s e d on s ta n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 N o n m a n uf a ctu r ing 5 9 9 8 9 4 3 4 2 4 " 9 2 1 3 1 169 69 62 10 0 13 77 1 4 20 19 22 15 23 10 16 9 10 6 5 1 2 5 1 _ 3 13 6 12 8 5 1 1 1 _ 1 3 6 8 3 13 6 8 8 5 1 - 1 3 17 13 13 12 10 4 4 1 5 5 5 1 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 1 - 2 12 10 8 8 1 3 6 9 - 9 2 4 1 4 5 5 1 2 4 - 4 ________________ 72 23 XXX 49 XXX XXX 73 23 XXX 50 XXX XXX E s t a b l is h m e n t s w h ic h d id not e m p lo y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y ______________________________________________________ 71 21 XXX 50 XXX XXX 61 19 XXX 42 XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g no s p e c if ie d m in im u m In fo r m a tio n n ot a v a ila b le 1 2 ___________________________________________ 1 1 1 L o w e s t s a la r y r a te f o r m a ll y e s t a b lis h e d f o r h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r ty p in g o r o th e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t -t i m e s a l a r i e s . D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d fo r a ll w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , an d f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w ork w eek s rep o rted . O ccupational Wage S u rvey, L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h , C a lif., M a rch 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 15 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S 12 4E M P L O Y E D I N — 3 W e e k ly h ou rs All 2 industries __________________________________________________________ 100 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t A ll w o r k e r s 35 O ver 35 37 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V 2 u n d er 3 l llz h o u r s ------------------------------------------- t .8 W h olesale trade Finance ** Motion pictures 3 100 100 100 100 100 . _ _ 6 _ t 3 4 5 t - 19 28 - 100 - A ll 4 industries M an u facturin g P u b lic utilities ♦ W holesale trade Services (excluding motion pictures) Motion pictures 3 100 100 t t - - 3 4 t 90 - - 3 - - 88 95 90 87 100 3 - t - 100 100 100 100 _ _ _ . - - - - 3 t - h o u r s ------------------------------------------- 5 6 17 3 - 84 t 97 - h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 90 60 57 100 ------------------------------------------------ _ - - - - t t t t _ - t - 3 3 t - t - - t t t _ - 9 - “ “ " “ t t 3 “ “ " O v er 40 and P u b lic u tilities ♦ M anufacturing P E R C E N T O F P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — Services (excluding motion pictures) O v er 37V 2 40 and and u n der u n d er 44 40 h ou rs 44 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 4 and u n d er 4 8 h o u r s -------------------------------------h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 8 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 ” t - t t - 3 1 Data rela te to w om en w o r k e rs only. Includes data fo r re ta il trade (excep t departm ent s to r e s ) in addition to those industry d ivision s shown se p a ra te ly . 3 L im ited to esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in the production o f m o tio n p ictu re s (Group 7811) and esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in p e rfo rm in g s e r v ic e s independent of m o tio n -p ictu re p ro d u ctio n but a llie d th ereto (G roup 7821) as defined in the Standard Industrial C la s s ifica tio n Manual (1949 edition) p re p a re d by the Bureau o f the Budget. 4 Includes data fo r r e ta il trade (ex cep t departm ent s to r e s ) and real estate in addition to those industry d iv isio n s shown s e p a ra te ly , t L e ss than 2 .5 p e rce n t. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other p ublic u tilitie s. ♦♦ F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. Table B-4: Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN Item A ll w o r k e rs ------------------------------------------------------------W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g paid holid a ys ----------------------------------------------------------------1 h olid a y ------------------------------------------------------------2 h o lid a y s -----------------------------------------------------------5 h o lid a y s -----------------------------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s -----------------------------------------------------------F u ll days only ------------------------------------------ -— P lus 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------------P lus 2 half d a y s -------------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s -----------------------------------------------------------F u ll days o n l y ----------------------------------------------P lus 1 h alf d a y --------------------------------------------Plus 2 h alf d a y s -------------------------------------------8 h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------F u ll days o n l y ----------------------------------------------P lus 1 half d a y --------------------------------------------9 h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------F u ll days o n l y ----------------------------------------------P lus 1 h alf d a y ------------ ------------------------------10 holid a ys --------------------------------------------------------F u ll days o n l y ----------------------------------------------P lus 1 h alf d a y --------------------------------------------11 h o lid a y s ---------------------------- ---------------------------F u ll days o n l y ----------------------------------------------P lu s 1 h alf d a y --------------------------------------------P lus 2 h alf d a y s -------------------------------------------W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g no paid h olidays ----------------------------------------------------------------- All , industries * Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Finance ** PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Services (excluding motion pictures) Motion pictures 3 All industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Services (excluding motion pictures) , Motion 1 pictures3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 t 53 49 t t 25 20 5 t 15 14 100 t 76 70 4 3 20 19 t 4 4 - 100 3 3 14 14 82 82 - 100 43 41 t 37 34 t 20 20 - 100 23 23 t 39 21 18 13 6 7 7 7 6 6 100 53 52 t t 16 16 17 17 14 94 t t t 59 53 t 4 24 24 t t 9 9 - 99 t t 73 64 3 6 21 20 t 3 3 - 97 46 46 100 100 100 - - - 4 - 30 29 t 21 21 - 67 5 t 49 49 9 9 - 12 - 100 100 100 - “ “ 3 t t t t t t t - - - t - - - “ ” “ " 3 t t t 12 7 t t - - - - 95 11 11 22 22 62 62 - “ 6 t 5 t t t t t t - - - - 33 “ - 1 E stim a tes r e la te to fu ll-d a y h olid a ys p rov id ed annually, as in e a r lie r stu dies. T hese a r e furth er divided betw een w o r k e rs who r e c e iv e m e r e ly the indicated num ber o f fu ll-d a y h olidays, and th ose w ho r e c e iv e 1 o r m o r e h a lf h olid a ys in addition. 2 Includes data fo r re ta il trad e (excep t departm ent s to r e s ) in addition to those industry d ivisio n s shown sep a ra te ly . 3 L im ited to esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in the p rod u ction of m otion p ictu re s (Group 7811) and establishm ents p r im a r ily engaged in p e rfo rm in g s e r v ic e s independent of m o tio n -p ictu re p ro d u ctio n but a llie d th ereto (Group 7821) as defined in the Standard Industrial C la s sifica tio n M anual (1949 edition) p re p a re d by the Bureau o f the Budget. 4 Includes data fo r re ta il trade (excep t departm ent s to r e s ) and rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivisio n s shown sep a ra te ly , t L e ss than 2 .5 p e rce n t. Digitized*forT ra FRASER n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other p ublic u tilitie s . O ccupation al W age S urvey, L os A n g e le s -L o n g B each, C alif. t M arch 1956 ♦♦ F in a n ce, in s u ra n ce , and re a l esta te. U .S . DE PA RTM EN T OF LABOR http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ B ureau of L abor Statistics Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 16 Table B-5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a c a tio n p o lic y AH Manufacturing 100 100 100 91 9 100 84 16 - - industries*12 A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________ PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance ** Services (excluding motion pictures) Motion pictures 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 100 100 100 86 - - 79 21 86 14 99 82 17 100 100 - " ■ " t “ 58 5 33 55 5 36 t t i Wholesale trade 100 100 93 Public utilities* All industries 34 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Services (excluding motion pictures) 1 Motion , pictures 2 100 100 100 9 7 5 90 87 t 100 10 90 - 3 10 - 71 16 13 64 _ - 33 23 100 _ _ 4 _ “ t ~ 17 33 Public utilities * M ETHOD OF P A YM E N T W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p aid v a c a tio n s ______________________________ L e n g t h - o f -t i m e p a y m e n t ______________ P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ____________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p aid v a c a tio n s __________________________ 7 14 97 ~ A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ______________________________________ O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w e e k s ____________ 2 w e e k s _____________________________________ O v e r 2 and u nd er 3 w e e k s _____________ 3 w e e k s ____________________________________ 4 w e e k s and o v e r ________________________ 19 9 t 77 t 83 t 91 b 35 t 22 - - 65 99 74 100 _ _ _ - - t - t t t _ ' 59 A fte r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ______________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _____________ 2 w e e k s _____________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _____________ 3 w e e k s _____________________________________ 4 w e e k s and o v e r ________________________ 3 3 t 93 t 90 t 3 t 8 t 91 3 _ 97 _ _ 16 - - - 100 81 100 _ t _ _ t 23 10 64 t t 28 13 55 3 16 81 _ . _ 80 53 100 1 _ _ 4 _ t “ 3 11 _ 96 94 75 - - _ 4 t ' ' t7 A ' A fte r 3 y e a rs of se r v ic e 1 w e e k _____________________________________ O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w e e k s _________ _ 2 w e e k s _____________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ____________ 3 w e e k s _____________________________________ 4 w e e k s and o v e r ________________________ t t 93 - - - s i 9 ! 98 97 - - 9 t t 5 t 3 t 85 11 - - 7 9 100 84 79 - t 4 t t t c h t ' t 100 _ ~ A fte r 5 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ____________________________ O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w e e k s ____ 2 w e e k s ___________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ___ 3 w e e k s ___________________________ 4 w e e k s and o v e r ............................ t - - - t - t t 88 99 94 90 75 100 8i 87 3 t t 11 10 - 3 3 t ll 3 4 - 7 7 j 8 - t - t - t S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b l e . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . t 90 ■ - c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . NOTE: - 6 - 9! 94 80 10 0 t 3 t - _ _ 4 _ _ - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e S u r v e y , L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , M a r c h 1 9 5 6 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s In the t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s by y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n ts o th e r than "l e n g t h o f t i m e , " su ch a s p e r c e n ta g e o f a n n u al e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w ere c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u al e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k * s p a y . 17 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued1 5 4 3 2 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V acation p o lic y A ll w o r k e rs All . industries __ 100 . Motion pictures 2 Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 10 15 - 71 _ 25 - 100 _ - 75 6 14 73 8 15 t t 64 3 30 _ 100 _ _ _ t t 6 77 _ 3 _ 4 36 3 58 _ 3 49 _ 46 33 26 20 t t t - 100 - t 76 _ - . _ 100 _ t - 6 70 _ 10 _ 4 23 _ 58 _ 19 49 46 - _ 100 _ - 6 70 _ 10 _ 4 _ _ 100 _ t t t 26 _ 68 _ 3 19 54 49 _ 31 _ •_ 28 t t t 100 54 60 4 6 65 _ 19 24 _ 65 _ 9 6 70 _ 10 _ 4 Finance ** 100 100 78 97 . 77 3 20 100 I Services (excluding motion pictures) (excluding ' motion pictures) All , industries Wholesale trade Manufacturing PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Motion pictures 2 Public . utilities * AMOUNT O F VAC A TION P A Y - Continued A fte r 10 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e Under 2 w eeks __ _ ........ . ..... _ __ 2 w e e k s ___________________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _ 3 w eeks O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eeks and o v e r t t 79 3 17 - 20 - t t t t t - - t t t t t 86 6 7 _ - - - A fte r 15 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e Under 2 w eeks . .... __ ___ .... ... 2 w eeks ... __ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks __ ____ ___ 4 w eeks and o v e r ______ __ __ t 25 t 70 3 78 6 78 _ t t - 31 _ 69 - 10 27 t 15 21 t t t 59 t t t 65 4 t 28 _ 69 _ - A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 2 w eeks ..... ... 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ______________________ 3 w eeks O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks .... ... 4 w eeks and o v e r t 20 t 71 3 6 t 15 . 76 6 3 t 89 _ - - 70 _ t t t t t 31 26 12 t t t 59 64 4 t 84 _ - - A fter 2 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e Under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks . ... . ... O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s 4 w eeks and o v e r t 19 t . .......... .. .............. . 62 3 16 t 15 - 71 6 8 . 10 t 65 - 24 26 _ 56 18 t - _ 27 21 t t 8 t 26 t 12 _ 100 _ ■ ' 1 2 3 4 5 In c lu d e s d ata fo r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s ) in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . L i m i t e d to e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in the p r o d u c tio n o f m o t io n p i c t u r e s (G r o u p 7 8 1 1 ) an d e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r i m a r i ly e n g a g e d in p e r f o r m in g s e r v i c e s in d e p e n d en t o f m o t io n -p ic tu r e p r o d u c tio n but a l l i e d t h e r e t o (G r o u p 7 8 2 1 ) a s d e fin e d in the S ta n d a rd In d u str ia l C la s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l (1 9 ± 9 e d it io n ) p r e p a r e d by the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t. In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s ) and r e a l e s t a t e in a d d itio n to th o se in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . A p p r o x i m a t e ly 1 p e r c e n t w e r e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s that did not p r o v id e v a c a t io n s u n til a ft e r 2 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e . A p p r o x i m a t e ly 4 p e r c e n t w e r e in e s t a b lis h m e n t s that did n ot p r o v id e v a c a tio n s u n til a f t e r 2 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e , f L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . 18 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Type of plan A ll w o rk ers „ ---------------------------- ----- ----- __ __ All ! industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Finance- PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— (excluding motion pictures) Motion pictures 2 All 3 industries 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 96 99 96 95 88 77 Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade Services (excluding motion pictures) Motion pictures 2 100 100 100 100 100 93 95 100 90 82 100 68 80 91 25 25 W orkers in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e _____ __ __ — __ __ _____ _ A ccid en ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in s u r a n c e __________ _____ __ __ _____ S ickness and a ccid en t in su ra n ce o r s ick lea ve o r b o th 4 __ ---------- ------S ick n ess and a ccid en t insu ra n ce _ S ick leave (full pay and no waiting p eriod ) ______________________ S ick lea ve (p a rtia l pay o r waiting p eriod ) ____ ____ __ __ H ospita liza tion i n s u r a n c e ___ __ ____ __ S urg ical in su ra n ce _ __ __ __ __ __ _____ M ed ica l in su ra n ce __ __ ____ ______ __ _ C atastrophe insu ra n ce __ ____ __ ________ R etirem en t p e n s i o n ____ ___ ___________ __ No health, in su ra n ce, o r p en sion p . - 64 84 25 47 49 53 65 33 43 51 77 40 83 57 95 20 69 32 68 28 45 11 100 26 66 40 70 51 85 23 75 44 18 7 63 66 82 55 58 35 100 35 36 67 27 14 - t 3 83 83 61 9 59 t 88 88 52 21 82 75 75 69 3 58 36 36 28 24 100 8 89 89 79 22 48 4 96 96 84 30 44 9 49 49 46 10 96 17 86 86 72 4 46 4 78 78 70 34 100 100 100 8 100 t 5 6 3 16 3 84 84 68 34 64 94 94 85 54 50 10 40 40 39 13 99 t t t 3 t t 1 Includes data fo r reta il trade (excep t departm ent s to r e s) in addition to those industry d ivisio n s shown s ep a ra tely. L im ited to esta b lish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in the p rod u ction o f m o tio n -p ictu r e s (G roup 7811) and establishm ents p rim a r ily engaged in p e rfo rm in g s e r v ic e s independent o f m o tio n -p ictu r e production but a llied thereto (G roup 7821) as d efined in the Standard Industrial C la s sifica tio n Manual (1949 edition) p rep a red by the B ureau o f the B udget. 3 Includes data fo r reta il trade (excep t departm ent s to r e s ) and re a l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown sep a ra tely. 4 U nduplicated total o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g s ick le a v e o r sick n e s s and a ccid en t insu ra n ce shown s ep a ra tely b elow , t L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t. * T ra n sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s. ^ . . „r _ T . , T D i. i •r w -v. iora * * Finance in su ra n ce and rea l estate Occupational Wage S u rv ey, L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each , C a lif. , M a rch 1956 f in a n c e , in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. r 6 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A BO R B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 19 Appendix*. Job Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ signifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives are instructed to exclude work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Of f i ce BILLER, MACHINE Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Biller, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers1 purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers 1 ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. Does not. involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment^ business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. 20 CLERK, FILE Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B - Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating ma terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers1 orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. CLERK, PAYROLL STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers1 earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). COMPTOMETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from Written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper, feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted material. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give infor mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 21 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST tion type This time In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’s while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another, person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Class A - Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni formity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not P r of e ssion a 1 DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May pre pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or pre liminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B - Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. a nd Tech nica 1 DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc. , to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. 22 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishmento Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees1 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, safety of all personnel. Mai nt enanc e and TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering. and Powerplant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter *s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, mo tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controller s , circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician^ handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, of assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. 23 MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va riety of machinists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinists work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or Other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed re ducers. In general, the millwright^ work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 24 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment® Work involves most of the fol lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe re quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumberJs snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning Custodial and (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi cations; using a variety of tool and die maker fs handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Move ment JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 25 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, ware houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and customers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity. ) PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, dr receives and is re sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, (combination of sizes listed separately) light (under 1% tons) medium ( l l/z to and including 4 tons) heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type] heavy (over 4 tons, other tha.n trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 0—388752
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