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Occupational Wage Survey LAWRENCE-HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS-NEW HAMPSHIRE JUNE 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-76 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey LAWRENCE-HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS-NEW HAMPSHIRF JUNE 1962 Bulletin No. 1303*76 August 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commistionor For sate by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually conducts occupational wage surveys in 82 labor markets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report furnishing trend data and average earnings is released within a month of the completion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the preliminary report. Introduction ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- ...... Wage trends for selected occupational groups ________________ _ 1 4 Tables: 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey ............... 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected 3 Two bulletins, bringing together the results of all of the area surveys, are issued after completion of the final area bulletin in the current round of surveys. The first of these bulletins will be available late in 1962 and the other early in 1963. During the survey year, summary relea ses presenting areawide occupational earnings data for 25 to 30 labor m arkets, are issued as data become available. A: Occupational earnings:* A -l. Office occupations—men and women A-2. Professional and technical occupations—men A-3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—men and women combined ________ ________ A -4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations ____________..... A-5. Custodial and material movement occupations __ —.... 6 7 8 This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau's r e gional office in Boston, M a s s ., by Leo Epstein, under the direction of Paul V. Mulkern, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Shift differentials _____________________ ...____________ ... B-2. Minimum entrance salaries for women office worker* .— B-3. Scheduled weekly hours ______________________ ___10 9 10 B-5. B-6. Paid vacations ________________ ............. Health, insurance, and pension plans ____________........ 5 12 14 Appendixes: A. Changes in occupational descriptions ________________ .......__— B. Occupational descriptions _______________ ____ _____ ............... * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available in previous area reports for Lawrence—Haverhill and for other major areas. A directory indicating the areas, dates of study, and prices of these reports is available upon request. iii 15 17 Occupational Wage Survey—Lawrence—Haverhill* Mass.—N.H. Introduction to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U .S . De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted su r veys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area wide b a sis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the con struction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per form ed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this b a sis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ev er, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estim ates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and power plant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The concept "office w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant w orkers" in clude working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional em ployees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing indus tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i . e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o s t-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is 1 2 Shift differential data (table B - l ) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment p o lic y ,*1 presented in term s of total plant worker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented in term s of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m ajority, die c la s sification "o th er11 was used* In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance salaries (table B -2 ) relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented in term s of establish ments with form al minimum salary policies. The scheduled hours (table B -3 ) of a majority of the fir s t shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through P -6 ) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to ajl plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are e li gible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual item s in tables B -3 through B -6 may not equal totals be cause of rounding. The fir st part of the paid holidays table (table B -4 ) presents the number of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e. The summ ary of vacation plans (table B -5 ) is limited to fo r m al policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or fla t-su m amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, pay ments not on a time basis were so converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. 1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (table B -6) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compen sation, social* security, and railroad retirem ent. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those p ro vided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for a ll such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulation^ of paid sick-leave plans are lim ited to form al p lan s1 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker's pay during absence from work because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es referred to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans m ay be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they m ay be self-in sured. Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the w orker's life. 1 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 1 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick-leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 Table 1. Establishment* and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Lawrence—Haverhill, M a ss.-N .H .,1 by major industry division,2 June 1962 Within scope of study3 Studied _ 50 186 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------- -------------------- 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Industry division All divisions — Workers in establishments Number of establishments Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Within scope of study Total4 Office Plant Total4 74 46. 200 4. 700 36.000 32.910 130 56 44 30 41,200 5,000 3,600 1, 100 33, 000 3, 000 29. 780 3,130 8 7 27 9 5 6 3 14 4 3 1,000 400 2, 400 900 300 Transportation, communication, and other Retail trade Studied (4) n 0 h V) V) <♦> 860 170 1,420 500 180 1 The Lawrence—Haverhill Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Lawrence and Haverhill cities; Andover, Groveland, Methuen, and North Andover towns in Essex County, Mass*; Plaistow and Salem towns in Rockingham County, N.H. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the siae and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-mixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade,finance,autorepair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. s Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufaaturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially topermitseparate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.-N .H ., June 1961 to June 1962, and June I960 to June 1961 Industry and occupational group June 1961 to June 1962 June I960 to June 1961 All industries: O ffic e c le r ic a l (m en and w om en) In d u strial n u r se s (m en and w om en) ----- -- Skilled maintenance (men) .......~ ................................ —. U n sk ille d plant (m en) - -------- 3.9 4.2 6.7 4.6 4.6 2.4 3.7 4.3 3.6 4.2 6.7 5.5 4.4 2.4 3.8 6.3 Manufacturing: Skilled maintenance (men) Unskilled plant (men) ...................................... 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they m easure changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The p er centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include m ost of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A* B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and g irls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die m akers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, m aterial handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sa l aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change m easu res, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) m e rit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay lev els. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay for straight-tim e hours. The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series. The expansion of the labor market wage survey program in 1961 made data available in 82 areas for the computation of wage trends for selected job groupings. Sixty-one areas were surveyed in I960; prior to 1960, coverage was limited to 20 areas. Therefore, it was decided to compute a new trend series in which 1961 will be the base year since this is the first year in which data were collected in a ll 82 areas. The percents of change shown in table 2 are not comparable with sim ilar data shown for this area in last y e a r's Bulletin 1285-79. The new series intro duces changes in the job groupings for which trends are shown and changes in jobs included in the computations. A: 5 O ccu p a tio n a l E a rn in g s Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings £or selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Lawrence-Haverhill, M a ss.-N . H ., June 1962) Avanaoi Number of worker* Sex, occupation, and industry division NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly Weekly 40.00 ^5. 00 *50. 00 *55. 00 ^ 0 .0 0 *65. 00 ^ 0 .0 0 *75. 00 1 0 .0 0 *85. 00 ^ 0 .0 0 *95. 00 foo. 00 ?05. 00 fio.oo hours 1 earnings 4 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 45.00 50.00 55.00 60. 00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 over Men Clerks, accounting, class A __ __ — -------- 21 39.0 $87.00 Biller8, machine (billing machine) _______ __ __________ Nonmanufacturing____________________ _____________ , 20 ■■ 4 0.0 46 .6 61.00 59. 06 - - Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _____ ______ Manufacturing_________ __ ___ —________— _________ Nnnmanufactu rin g __ __ 79 23 56 39.5 36.6 59. 00 67. 06 55. 50 - 8 8 Clerks, accounting, class A -----------------«.-------------- -----Manufacturing___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing___ ________________ ______ 69 44 25 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39.0 83.00 81. 50 85. 00 . - Clerks, accounting, class B -------------Manufacturing _ ______ __ — _________ ________ Nonmanufacturing___________________ ____ 94 37 57 39.5 39.5 39.5 70. 50 72. 00 69. 50 Clerk 89 order Manufacturing 27 21 40.0 40". 6 2 _ 1 5 5 3 3 _ 1 j Women ■■■■■■—»■■»■»■■■■■■■■■i—■■m—■■■■, ,■■■ _ _ Clerks, payroll Manufacturing___ __ __ 196 r<n ___ Keypunch operators, class A 1 2 ---Manufacturing----------------------------------------------------------Keypunch operators, class B 2 _ _ 6 3 - - 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 23 23 10 4 6 9 1 8 21 10 11 4 4 - 4 4 - _ - _ - - . - _ - . - - - - 2 2 4 2 2 15 11 4 6 6 - 9 7 2 15 11 4 7 2 5 2 1 1 8 4 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 7 7 6 6 11 6 5 17 9 8 9 8 1 14 9 5 14 4 10 11 11 _ . - _ - 1 1 - _ - 80. 00 84. 56 . - . - _ - . - 7 4 4 1 - 1 1 5 5 1 1 . - 4 4 4 4 1 1 67.00 40.0 TUTQT "W .'M - 5 5 30 25 31 31 18 re 21 2'1 42 42 15 14 . - . - _ - 3 - 33 33 39 36 15 15 4 4 5 5 10 16 . - . - _ 9 1 5 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 26 3 3 9 .5 103 40.0 40. 6 69. 50 70. 00 22 40 .0 59. 50 19 7 10 9 _ 3 3 7 7. 23 ... 23 "" 5 4 ------T “ — z— _ - 1 ----- 1 j— ----- j— _ - . . . 9 6 3 5 Secretaries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------------- '173 24 39.5 39.5 40 .0 86. 50 87. 06 79. 50 - - - 3 3 8 7 1 10 3 7 13 12 1 }? 18 1 21 18 3 39 39 - 37 36 1 Stenographer s , general2 ____ ___________ _________- ___ Manufacturing 89 54 39.0 39.0 69. 50 76. 06 - . - 1 1 6 - 22 13 21 16 8 8 17 9 10 5 3 2 1 “ - 69. 00 '62'. $6 _ - 4 -----?---- _ 3 ----- T 5 3 5 - 9 3 4 - 6 3 1 - - _ . “ Switchboard operators Nonmanufacturing___ ___ _ ---„ Switchboard operator-receptionists----------------------------Manufacturing----------------------------------------------------------Typists, class A . . . . . . . Manufacturing Typists, class B _____________ __— ■■..-m __ _______________ 37 39.5 — r e - " 3975T - 33 25 39.5 39. 5 64. 00 66. 56 - 7 4 4 i - 9 8 1 1 3 3 2 2 5 5 1 • 1 1 180 T ift 40 .0 40.6 65. 50 65. 50 . - . - . - 11 11 76 76 64 64 21 21 4 4 4 4 - - - " " ~ 146 40.0 59. 50 3 31 37 42 26 3 4 _ _ . . 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. 4 3 1 £ - - * _ . . 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962) Avsbaob Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly Weekly. 70.00 hours1 earnings1 and (Stsndsrd) (Standard) under 75.00 9 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 *95.00 100.00 105.00 1*10.00 ?15.00 1*20.00 1*25.00 1*30.00 1*35.00 1*40.00 1*45.00 1*50.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 - - 17 17 32 iz 17 n 33 66 38 38 12 12 10 lo 2 l 1 5 5 9 9 2 2 3 3 ■ ■ “ “ ~ Men Draftsmen, senior ________ _______________________ ____ Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 172 172 40.0 40.0 $108.50 166.36 - - 27 27 40.0 40.0 87.50 87.50 2 2 5 5 4 4 1 2 2 - 4 4 " " " " Women Nurses, industrial (registered) _ ___ __ ____ _____.. M anufacturing-------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962) of workers Average weekly j earnings (Standard) 21 $ 6 2 .0 0 Clerks, p a y r o l l __________________________________ B illers, machine (billing m ach in e)____________ __ Nonmanufacturing __ _ ________________ _____ ------ T F ~ " 6 6 :3 6 M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 198 192 $ 6 7 .0 0 6 6 :6 6 ” Keypunch operators, class A 2 ___________________ 5 9 .0 0 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B --------------79 Manufacturing __ _ _ _ _ _ Manufactu ring ____________________ ______________ ----- ZT“ '■ 6'7761)" Nonmanufactur ing ______ ______________ _____ ______ 56 5 5 .5 0 Keypunch operators, class B 2 _______________________ 90 8 4 .0 0 Clerks, accounting, class A __________ _______________ Secretaries . .... ................. „ _T_,r . M Manufacturing ____________ __ 8 3 .5 0 53 Manufacturing ---------------------------------- ----— ^_______ 8 4 .0 0 37 Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing___________________________ _ 104 7 2 .0 0 Clerks, accounting, class B _ ___ __ __ . . __ _ ------ 44 Manufacturing _ __ ___ Stenographers, g e n e ra l________ __ _______________ 7 4 .5 0 60 7 0 .0 0 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------- ------ ---- ----------- 109 103 6 9 .5 0 7 6". 6 6'" Typists, class A Manufacturing Typists, class B Occupation and industry division N um ber of workers Average weekly . earnings (Standard) N um ber 34 27 7 9 .5 0 . 82.56 . Switchboard operators _________________________________ Manufacturing Average weekly . •earninn (Standard) Office occupations-—Continued 33 Switchboard operator-receptionists __— ----M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------------------- ------ 23 ________ __ . 180 ... T53 6 5 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 146 5 9 .5 0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 0 8 .5 0 22 5 9 .5 0 8 6 .5 0 87."60” 7 9 .5 0 89 54 6 9 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 Draftsmen, senior ------- --- --------------------------— __________ Manufacturing . — ._ — . _____ . 174 37 21 6 9 .0 0 7 3 .6 6 Nurses, industrial (registered) __ _____ ____ _____ ____ —. Manufacturing 27 27 ______ . . . . .. $ 6 4 .0 0 6 6 .6 6 __ 197 173 24 _____ ___ P rofessional and technical occupations Earnings are for a regular workweek for which employees receive their straight-time weekly salaries, exclusive of any premium pay. Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. Number of workers Occupation and industry division Office occupationet—Continued Office occupations Clerks, order __________ ____________ __ __ _____ Manufacturing _____ ____ __________________ __ __ Occupation and industry division H4 8 7 .5 0 87.56 7 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Lawrence—H averhill, M a s s.—N .H . , June 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— C arpenters, maintenance Manufacturing ___— $ 1.60 50 56 .. _ --------- _ Average hourly , Under naming* * Number of workers Occupation and industry d ivision $2.49 £.49 E le ctricia n s, m a in te n a n ce -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------------------- 77 77 2.71 E ngineers, s ta t io n a r y ------- 22 2.68 37 F irem en , stationary b o i l e r ---- — --- ---- ----------— ----- Ts Manufacturing — ___ — — 2.43 .... 2. W — t M achinists, maintenance — Manufacturing _ — — — M echanics, automotive (maintenance) Nonmanufacturing -------- -----M echanics, m aintenance — Manufacturing ______________ ______ _ M illwrights _ _ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ O ilers Manufacturing _ — .... — ___— ____ _____ _ — --- ------- — _ ____ — P a in ters, m a in te n a n ce ________________________ P ip e fitte rs, m a in te n a n ce ____ Manufacturing ____ T o o l and die m akers M a n u fa ctu rin g ______ ______ — _ _ _ _ “ $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2 .30 2.40 2.50 2.90 3.00 3. 10 - - _ “ 17 17 _ _ “ “ 1 _ _ " " 2 .80 3 3 7 7 7 7 “ 1 1 19 19 3 3 _ 1 1 3 3 7 7 2 2 8 8 7 7 3 3 2 2 27 27 _ 2 6 2 ” _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 9 “ ~ “ 17 17 2 “ 4 4 3 ~ 4 4 55 49 4 4 5 5 _ _ - _ 10 16 _ 2.65 £.66 _ _ _ _ _ “ ' “ " “ 101 100 2.66 £ .66 . 35 22 2.48 2.33 93 89 2.75 2.74 _ _ - " 2.62 O T _ _ ■ “ 17 n> 2.09 £.66" “ 24 24 2.51 2. 51 2.64 2754" . _ _ _ _ ■ “ ■ “ 3.02 — 37 S T _ _ _ _ ' ~ 5 4 6 6 18 18 2 2 7 7 “ 10 16 21 21 18 id “ *3. 10 *3.20 *3.30 3.30 3.40 3. 20 1 1 1 1 _ „ " 15 15 _ " 24 24 _ " “ 3 2 " 1 1 6 6 6 4 _ _ “ “ “ _ _ _ 1 1 2 2 ■ 2 2 10 10 1 “ 3 3 6 “ _ * 2 2 _ " " 6 “ 1 1 _ _ " 4 4 3 3 2 2 11 11 _ “ 15 15 7 6 3 3 26 £6 j - 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ 6 ------ 5“ 7 7 11 n r _ _ ■ 17 17 _ " 7 7 _ ” ~ " * _ _ _ ■ 1 ~ _ ■ - " “ “ ” " 1 8 8 11 11 _ _ “ “ _ " _ “ 3 3 8 8 6 6 _ _ _ “ ” 1 1 1 1 10 id 1 16 16 _ _ _ - - 2 2 ! 1 4 4 8 8 1 1 _ _ _ _ ■ ■ “ 1 1 _ “ _ ■ _ 1 1 ~ 4 4 _ - _ _ _ _ “ 1 “ _ “ _ _ . " 2 £ • 12 12 17 17 “ 4 4 13 13 27 _ " H “ 20 £o _ “ 1 1 _ ~ ' _ _ “ “ 1 .4 0 and over • 21 21 _ _ “ 4 4 “ " Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, $ 3.00 4 4 61 61 I T " $ 2.90 2 .70 “ “ *2.80 2.60 “ 2 — T~ *2.70 3 3 ~ “ $2. 50 *2.60 3 3 7 7 123 — ~ $ 2. 10 4 4 50 50 ______ ■ “ *2. 00 2 2 51 --------- ------- ----- 51---- “ — i t - $ 1.90 2.04 £.62 86 H elp ers, maintenance t r a d e s --------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------------------------- — W ^ M ach in e-tool op era tors, toolroom Manufacturing _ _ . $ $1.60 *1.70 1.80 and under 1.70 1 .8 0 - 1.90 " _ “ _ * “ 3 3 6 6 _ _ _ ” * _ • “ “ ” 30 36 8 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass.-N.H., June 1962) NUMBER OF WOBKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Numbor of vorktra 1.10 1 1.20 hourly , and tunings1 23 under 1.30 1.20 Avantgo 8 8 1.30 1.40 8 1.40 1.50 8 1.50 8 1.60 8 1.70 8 1.80 8 1.90 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 7? 79 • 8 2.00 2.10 8 2.10 8 2.20 8 2.30 8 2.40 8 2.50 2.60 2.70 2-80 2.30 " 5 5 " " “ - _ _ _ _ _ . " - _ “ 2.50 2.70 8 2.20 2.40 2.60 8 8 2.80 2.90 53 $1.64 1.67 1.50 30 19 11 17 11 6 22 18 4 14 11 3 33 15 18 23 21 2 43 42 1 12 6 3 26 1.65 3 . . . . 10 13 . 2.01 1.98 2.20 8 2 6 6 6 3 3 ■ 2 2 " 15 15 ■ 12 12 “ 97 94 3 47 39 8 133 132 1 43 43 “ 186 ” 11 11 " 17 17 “ 57 18 39 18 18 2.11 — m ~ _ “ _ " 2 2 . ■ 5 5 6 6 _ 1 1 20 20 36 36 1 1 4 4 17 17 _ " 3 3 _ — W 201 201 1.44 1.44 . 11 11 37 37 140 140 8 8 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ ■ " “ " “ _ " _ ■ 4 4 _ ‘ _ “ Receiving c le rk s_____________________________ Manufacturing-------------------------------------------- 42 36 1.99 2.04 3 - 1 ■ 2 1 6 5 5 5 2 2 3 “ 9 9 _ _ - 4 4 _ - “ * " 6 3 1 1 Shipping clerks .. ... ______ ________________ Manufacturing-------------------------------------------- 31 25 2.01 2.08 . . 3 * - 3 3 1 1 2 ------- 2“ 5 2 - 8 8 4 4 m “ 1 1 _ * “ 1 1 Shipping and receiving clerks Manufacturing-------------------------------------------- 46 45 2.13 2.14 - “ - * - 4 4 5 5 14 14 4 4 _ " " 2 2 4 4 5 5"" _ “ 4 4 _ " Truckdrlv.ri J ________________________________ Manufacturing t-tt-------------------------- ------------Nonmanufacturing 231 111 120 2.34 2.23 2.43 9 9 . ■ 1 1 2 2 7 4 3 6 4 2 6 3 3 8 8 " 6 6 ■ 3 3 ■ 5 5 " 7 7 " 7 7 “ 60 60 " 100 100 4 4 “ _ " Truckdrivers, light (under I1/* tons) _____ i.. 21 1.83 _ 1 2 5 1 . 4 4 _ 3 _ Truckdrivers, medium (1V2 to and including 4 tons) ___ _____ .. ________ 89 2.19 9 . . _ 2 1 6 . 2 2 . 4 1 Truckers, power (forklift) Manufacturing-------------------------------------------- 98 36 2.37 2.03 - ■ ■ - ■ 6 6 - - 8 6 16 2 2 " Watchmen____________________________________ Manufactur ing _____________________________ 51 1.80 1.81 8 8 . 45 2 2 4 4 2 2 21 21 8 8 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (m en)________ Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) .. ... .. Laborers, material handling --------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------------------------Packers, shipping (men) . . . . . . . . . _______ _ Packers, shipping (women) ___________________ 282 655 .... T O " ' 81 95 3 3 3 _ 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. 3 ------3— 1 “ _ 4 4 166 16 . 3 ■ _ _ “ " ‘ _ _ 1 _ 60 - - 2 - 6 6 60 " “ * " _ . B: E stablishm ent P ra ctice s a n d S u p p lem en ta ry W age P ro v is io n s 9 Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962)1 2 •Percent of manufacturing plant workers— In establishments having formal provisions 1 for-— Shift differential With shift pay differential Third or other shift work Second shift 62.6 59.9 12.7 2.6 2.3 58.9 57.7 12.0 14.5 14.6 3.0 .8 4 cents ................ ............... ............ ijii- ii,.-iii 5 cents -— 6 cents -- ___________— . .. . _ 6l/z cents .— .... ... 7 cents _________________________________ 8 cents ... .3 .5 .5 .5 .8 .4 . . . - _ . cents — . . . . . . cents cents . . . . c e n t s ------------------------------------------------- 1.1 5.3 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.4 . 1.0 . . “ Uniform percentage___—_____ ____________ 28.9 27.7 6.7 1.2 28.9 27.7 6.7 1.2 Other formal pay differential ____________ 2 15.4 2 15.4 2.3 .3 No shift pay differential --------T------------------------ 3.7 2.2 .7 .2 10 percent ~ ..... _ Third or other shift Second shift work Uniform cents (per hour) ________________ _ 10 12 13 15 M Actually wdrking on— ... .. M . . . 1.1 . 1.7 5. 3 4.7 1.0 1.0 . .2 .1 .4 .2 - 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, and establishments with formal provisions covering late shifts even though they were not currently operating late shifts. 2 Includes cents-per-hour differentials which vary by labor grade, and a combination of percentage plus cents-per-hour differential. 10 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishm ents studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary fo r selected ca tegories of inexperienced women o ffice w ork ers, Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N.H., June 1962) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum w eekly s a la r y 1 Other inexperienced c le r ic a l w o r k e r s 2 Based on standard w eekly hou rs3 of— A ll industries A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules Nonmanufacturing Manuf actur ing Nonmanufacturing ■Based on standard w eekly hours 21 of— A ll industries 40 A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 40 Establishments s t u d i e d ______________________________________ .. . 74 44 XXX 30 XXX 74 44 XXX 30 XXX Establishments having a specified minimum --------------------------- 17 12 11 5 4 33 21 17 12 8 _ _ _ _ _ 3 1 3 7 2 4 5 2 3 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 .5 0 and and and and and and and under $ 4 5 .0 0 __________ _______ ________________________ under $ 4 7 .5 0 ____ . _______ __ _ _. under $ 5 0 .0 0 ________ __________________________ ____ under $ 5 2 .5 0 ___________________________________ under $ 5 5 .0 0 ___ ______________ __ _____ _ _ under $ 5 7 .5 0 ___________________________________________ o v e r --------------------------------------------------------------------- Establishments having no specified minimum _____ . . . Establishments which did not em ploy w orkers in this category _ 5 1 5 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 . . 9 5 4 3 1 3 1 5 1 . . . 1 10 3 _ 3 _ 5 _ 2 2 2 _ - 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 - - 3 2 2 1 - 7 6 XXX 1 XXX 21 13 XXX 8 XXX 50 26 XXX 24 XXX 20 10 XXX 10 XXX _ 1 Lowest salary rate form a lly established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other c le rica l jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essen g ers, office g ir ls , or sim ilar su b clerica l jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks com bined, and fo r the m ost com m on workweek reported. Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P ercent distribution of o ffice and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled w eekly hours of firs t-s h ift w ork ers, Lawrence—H averhill, M a ss.—N .H . , June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS W eekly hours All industries A ll w orkers ---Under 37Ve hours ------- ---------- - ------37l/2 hours ..... ........... ............................. — — Over 37 Ve and under 40 hours _______________ 40 hours ___________ __ ____ __ __ ------------Over 40 and under 45 hours __________________ 45 bnnrs .... . 46 hours ____ ___ ________ _ . . __ 48 hours __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ 49 hours ___ ___ ___ . ____ L ess than 0.5 percent. 100 1 6 2 90 1 (M - Manufacturing All industries 100 100 . 6 1 93 (*) - 1 1 1 90 1 1 (l) 3 1 Manufacturing 100 . 1 94 1 3 1 11 Tabic B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w ork ers _____ — -------------------------- -------------W orkers in establishm ents providing paid h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays . ------— AUindustries Manufacturing All industries 100 100 100 100 98 99 98 99 2 1 2 Manufacturing (M N um ber o f d a y s L ess than 3 h o l i d a y s _____ ______ _____________ 3 holidays . ____ ,___________________________ ___ __. . . . 4 holidays «__________ .. 5 holidays —,-----------------------,____________________ 6 holidays — —__ ___ ____ ___ — _______ — 6 holidays plus 2 half days 7 holidays —rT------------------------— „,-n---------7 holidays plus 1 half day ____________________ 7 holidays plus 2 half d a y s ___________________ 8 holidays ________ ,___ ,________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____ 8 holidays plus 2 half days _____ . . _ 9 holidays T---- r-------------------------------------------------10 holidays _____ ___ ___ (l ) 1 3 (l ) 42 1 1 6 20 (*) 4 20 20 25 45 52 52 94 98 98 98 98 98 . 3 51 1 1 8 26 (M 5 5 (!> (l ) 2 1 7 55 2 7 16 2 4 3 1 6 59 2 7 18 2 2 5 10 36 45 45 97 99 99 99 99 99 4 6 22 29 31 86 94 95 97 97 98 2 4 22 29 31 90 96 97 99 99 99 - T o ta l h o l i d a y t i n t 1 10 day. _______________________________________ 9 or m ore days _ ______ _ ____ ___ 8V2 or m ore d a y s ________ ____________________ 8 or m ore days _ ___ _ ______ ____ __ 7 V2 or m ore d a y s -------------------------------------------7 or m ore days _______________________________ 6 or m ore d a y s __ — 5 or m ore days ____________________________ ___ 4 or m ore d a y s __ __ ______ — 3 or m ore days ___________ ____ _______________ 1 or m ore days _ ________ ___ _ ___ __ 1 L ess than 0.5 percent. 2 A ll com binations of full and half days that add to the same amount are com bined; for exam ple, the proportion o f w orkers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. P roportions w ere then cumulated. 12 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKEBS Vacation policy All Industrie* Manufacturing All industries Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of paymont Workers in establishments providing paid vacations . . . . ___________________________ Length-of-time payment----------------------------Percentage payment ----------------------------------Flat-sum payment_________________________ O th e r__________________ — ------------- — ---------Workers in establishments providing no paid va ca tion s_______ — -------------------------- - - 100 83 15 - - 1 100 82 16 * 2 - - • " 5 77 3 3 6 87 1 2 71 7 » (2) 76 6 - _ 11 (2) 88 _ 11 1 89 2 86 2 10 (2) - (2) 2 89 2 7 - _ 7 1 92 (2) . 8 1 91 2 38 22 39 2 38 24 36 - (2) - _ 6 1 93 (2) _ 6 1 93 2 26 11 61 1 2 26 12 61 _ 6 1 93 (2) _ 6 1 93 2 26 12 61 - 2 26 11 61 1 2 . 93 5 2 . 95 3 4 4 87 6 4 4 88 5 - Amoupt of vacation p a y 1 After 6 months of service Under 1 week . . . ___ — — — — 1 w e e k ________________________________________ . . Over 1 and under 2 weeks . --------------2 w e e k s......... .....................................................—---After 1 year of service Under 1 week ___________ ___ — — -----1 week — _______ i_______ n__r— Over 1 and under 2 weeks — — -------— -----2 w e e k s___________________ ____ ________ — ---3 weeks ____ —...___ ——— — -— —— After 2 years of service Under 1 week . . . ___________________ — ---1 week Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks __________ ___ _ . . ------------------3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------After 3 years of service Under 1 week ___ --------1 week ________________________________ t- h 2 weeks ,... ___ _____________ r__________ 3 w e e k s_____________ — — — - - After 4 years of service Under 1 week _______ __ .... 1 week ___________ _____________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks . . ------2 weeks ________ .______________________________ 3 w e e k s__ . . . — ---------------- - After 5 years of service 1 week _ __ __ ___ ---------Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks __________ __ _______ __ ____ ___ 3 week. ------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All industries Manufacturing All Industrie* Manufacturing Amount of vacation p a y 1— -Continued After 10 years of service 1 w e e k _____ ____ __ __ __ Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks . ___ ____ . . Over 2 and under 3 weeks ________________ ___3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 80 . 19 2 _ 87 . 11 4 4 77 2 14 3 4 79 2 12 2 . 60 1 37 2 . 62 1 35 4 4 59 3 30 3 4 61 4 29 2 . 21 _ 76 1 2 . 15 . 82 1 4 4 32 1 59 1 3 4 31 1 60 1 2 . 21 . 69 8 2 _ 15 . 81 2 4 4 32 1 56 4 3 4 31 1 58 3 2 . 21 . 30 47 2 . 15 . 31 52 4 4 31 1 29 31 3 4 30 1 30 32 After 12 years of service 1 week __ ________ «... _______ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------_______ __ __ 3 weeks After 15 years of service 1 week 2 weeks ___ Over 2 and under 3 weeks 4 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------- ; After 20 years of service 1 week ............ — Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks . . Over 2 and under 3 weeks — ,--------------------3 weeks . — . 4 weeks __ M After 25 years of service 1 week __ Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks 3 w e e k s ___ 4 weeks __ — --------------- „-------____ ___ ___ 1 Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. For example, the NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. 14 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P ercent of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions em ployed in establishm ents providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N.H., June 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Type of benefit All industries Manufacturing All industries Manufacturing 100 100 100 95 98 92 95 74 84 64 66 86 96 89 90 Sickness and accident i n s u r a n c e ______ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting p e r i o d ) ___________________ ____ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) ------------------------------------ 45 49 63 65 39 38 5 2 34 43 24 26 Hospitalization insurance ________ . ______ _______ Surgical insurance M edical insurance ___________ ________ Catastrophe insurance _________________ ___ Retirem ent pension ____________ __________ No health, insurance, or pension plan 62 61 58 78 76 54 53 50 79 77 1 1 69 67 56 44 65 5 69 67 55 47 67 5 100 W orkers in establishm ents providing: Life insurance . „______________ . . Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance _ — -----Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or b oth 1 -------- -------- ------------------ 1 Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. S ick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Inform al s ick -le a v e allow ances determ ined on an individual basis are excluded. Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. IS Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B—Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 17 18 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G —C o n tin u e d payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C—Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g.., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLE RK , ORDER Receives customers *orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating o f customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 19 KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R Class A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B—Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and o f the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters fromgeneral instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 20 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C-Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A—Operates a variety o f tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group o f tabulating-machine operators. Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts o f a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing o f stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A—Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B—Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 21 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts o f drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes* Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units o f complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength o f materials, beams and trusses; verifying NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina• tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees9 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting die health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenters handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 22 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties o f lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply die establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera^ tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish• ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation o f one or more types o f machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction o f machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree o f accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working M A C H IN IST , M A IN T E N A N C E —C on tin u ed M IL L W R IG H T properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the -plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricatesf with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces o f mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefitdngs in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 24 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER. MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of die maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and tepairing building sanitation or beating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types o f sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those o f starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other persons entering. 2S JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method o f shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow• ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise tor shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Ship• ping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform dther related duties. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 26 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over*the»road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under Vfc tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type, o f truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 O - 657077
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