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Occupational Wage Survey JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA D ECEM BER 1960 Bulletin N o . 1285-30 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF IABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commbaontr Occupational Wage Survey J A C K S O N V I L L E , F L O R ID A DECEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-30 March 1961 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Pnfac* Contents Page T he C o m m u n ity W a ge S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u l a r l y co n d u cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r of im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l ce n te rs. T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e f r o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s . A p r e l im in a r y r e p o r t i s a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m o n th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d a ta n ot in c lu d e d in th e e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u l t s o f a l l o f the y e a r ’ s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a f t e r c o m p le tio n o f the f in a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r the c u r r e n t ro u n d o f s u r v e y s . T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ’ s r e g io n a l o f fic e in A tla n ta , G a. , b y D o n ald M . C r u s e , u n d e r the d ir e c t io n o f L o u is B . W o y ty ch , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r f o r W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s . In tro d u ctio n ____________________________________________________ W a ge tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s ______________________ 1 4 T a b le s : 1. 2. A: B: E s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e of s u r v e y __________ P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s ______________________________________ 3 3 O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A -l. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s _______________________ A -2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s ________________ A - 3. M a in te n a n ce and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s ______________ A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s _________ 5 7 7 8 E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s : * B -l. S h ift d if f e r e n t ia ls ___________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f fic e w o r k e r s __ B -3 . S ch e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ______________________________ 10 11 11 B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s _________________________________________________________ 12 B -5 . B -6 . P a id v a c a t io n s _____________________________________ H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s _________________ 13 15 O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s ______________________________ 17 A p p e n d ix : N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s fo r th e s e and o th e r it e m s , in c lu d in g d a ta on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s , a r e a v a ila b le in the J a c k s o n v ille a r e a r e p o r t s fo r M ay 1952 and D e c e m b e r 1959. A d ir e c to ry in d ic a tin g d ate o f stu d y and the p r ic e o f thq r e p o r t s , a s w e ll a s r e p o r t s f o r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t . U nion s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g p a y l e v e l s in the J a c k s o n v ille a r e a , a r e a ls o a v a ila b le f o r the fo llo w in g t r a d e s o r in d u s t r ie s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c t io n , p r in tin g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s . Occupational Wage Survey—Jacksonville, Fla. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o rta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ich the U . S. D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r l s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h as co n d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In th is a r e a , d a ta w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m is ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u ff ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u cted on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . To o b tain a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y a t m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la tin g to a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g ro u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a tio n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e co m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . (S ee a p p en d ix f o r lis t in g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r th e fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in t e n a n ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t. O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d a ta a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th e s e s t u d ie s , w e r e in c lu d e d in a l l o f the a r e a s s tu d ie d s in c e J u ly 19 59, e x c e p t B a lt im o r e , B u ffa lo , C le v e la n d , and S e a t t le . R a ilr o a d s a r e n ow in clu d e d in th e s c o p e o f a l l la b o r - m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s . l a t e s h if t s . N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u se s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h ere w e e k ly h o u rs a r e r e p o r te d , a s fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (ro u n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th e s e o c c u p a tio n s h a v e b e e n rou n ded to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m en a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s o f m e n and w om en in th e s e o c c u p a tio n s a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d if f e r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u s t r ie s and e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; (2) d if f e r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d , a lth o u g h the o c c u p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d if f e r e n c e s in le n g th o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d ju s te d on th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w ou ld r e s u lt in h ig h e r a v e r a g e p a y w hen both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e r a te ra n g e . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u s e d in c l a s s if y in g e m p lo y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l ly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w fo r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo rm e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f th e stu d y and not the n u m b e r a c t u a l ly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e am o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b tain ed fr o m th e s a m p le of e s ta b lis h m e n ts s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r ta n c e o f the jo b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e do not m a t e r i a l l y a ff e c t th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta. E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits a s th e y r e la te to o f fic e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f ic e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o r k in g fo r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m e n and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and ro u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , but a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o li c y ,* p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f tota l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y . In e sta b lis h m e n ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity w as u se d o r , if no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n " o t h e r " w as u sed . In esta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich s o m e la t e sh ift h ou rs a r e p a id at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly i f it a p p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u r s. M in im u m en tra n ce ra tes (ta ble B -2 ) r e la te on ly to the e s t a b lish m en ts v is it e d . T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d on an esta b lis h m e n t, ra th er than on an em p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch edu led h ou rs a re tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th e se a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f rounding, su m s o f in d iv id u al ite m s in th ese tabu lation s m a y not equ al to ta ls . The fir s t p a rt o f the p a id h olid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d . The s e c o n d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h olid a y s to sh ow total h olid a y t im e . The su m m a r y o f v a ca tio n p la n s is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith p a y is g ra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e s tim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com pu tin g v a ca tio n p a y m e n ts , su ch as tim e p a y m e n ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H o w e v e r, in the tabu lation s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a ym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e rte d ; f o r e x a m p le , a pa ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the equ iv alen t o f 1 w e e k 's pa y. 1 D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll health, in s u r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , ex ce p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's co m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such p la n s in clu d e th ose u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su r a n ce com p a n y and th o se p r o v id e d th rough a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t o p e ra tin g funds o r fr o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r this p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n ce . S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in su r a n ce u n der w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a sh pa ym en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly to the in su re d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is d u rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch plans to w h ich the e m p lo y e r co n trib u te s . H o w e v e r, in N ew Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , w hich have en a cted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in su r a n ce la w s w hich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plan s a r e in clu d ed on ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ire d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the re q u ire m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f p a id s i c k -le a v e plans a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l plans 5 w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pa y o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's pay d u rin g a b s e n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep a ra te tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) plan s p r o v id in g e ith e r p a r tia l pa y o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In ad dition to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n du plicated tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e fits . C a ta strop h e in s u r a n ce , s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as ex ten d ed m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d e s th o se p la n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s bey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in su r a n ce r e fe r s to pla n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l p a ym en t o f d o c t o r s 1 f e e s . Such plans m a y b e u n d erw ritten b y c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim ite d to th o se p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly pa ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life . 4 5 An esta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a p o li c y if it m e t The te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode Isla n d e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s: (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e do not r e q u ir e e rh p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s. o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts. A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a fo r m a l p la n if S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s (fir s t s e c tio n oitf e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f days o f s ic k le a v e that ta b le B -3 ) in su r v e y s m a de p r i o r to Ju ly 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in cou ld b e e x p e cte d by e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a plan n eed n ot b e w ritten , te r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , w ith the in d ica ted w e e k ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . w e r e e x clu d e d . 3 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Jacksonville, Fla. , 1 by m ajor industry division, 2 December I960 Industry division M ission s _________________________________________________ Manufacturing ___________ __________ ___ ___ ___ __ __ Nonmanufacturing _______________________ ___ __ ______ Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities5 ___________________ ___________ ______ Wholesale trade __________________________________________ Retail trade _ ___ ________ __ ________ ___ __ __ Finance, insurance, and real estate _____ __ __ _____ S e rv ices7 _______ __ ______________________ ___ ___ __ M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in scope of stu d y W orkers in establishments Number of establishments Within scope of study 3 Studied Within scope of study Studied T o ta l4 Office Plant Total 4 50 298 116 54. 700 12. 900 32. 400 34.840 50 50 81 217 39 77 14, 700 40,000 1, 100 11, 800 11, 800 20, 600 10, 560 24, 280 50 50 50 50 50 34 56 67 33 27 20 12 10, 4, 12, 8, 3, 2, 000 4, 800 8, 630 1, 530 6, 520 5, 770 1, 830 19 15 11 000 800 800 500 900 ( 6) 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) (6 h (6) 1 The Jacksonville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Duval County). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau’ s labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Jacksonville's electric utility is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the studies. 6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit mem bership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Jacksonville, Fla. , December 1959 to December I960 Occupational groups All industries Office clerical (women) _____ _______________ Industrial nurses (w om en )_____ ________ ____ Skilled maintenance (men) r--------------------------------Unskilled plant (men) ___________________________ 1 Insufficient data to m eet publication criteria. 5. 6 (l ) 3. 8 3 .3 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta b le 2 a r e p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s. T h e se w eigh ted e a rn in g s f o r in d iv id u al o c cu p a tio n s w e re then tota led to ob ta in an a g g re g a te f o r e a c h o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the ra tio o f th ese g rou p a g g re g a te s f o r the one y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r the o th e r y e a r w as com p u ted and the d iffe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m the one p e r io d to the o th e r. 100 F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the p e r cen ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h ou rs o f w ork , that is , the stan dard w o rk s ch e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n ges in s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . The p e r cen ta g es a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e le c t e d k e y o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin e a ch g rou p . The o f f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; o f f ic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The in d u str ia l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te r s ; p ip e fit t e r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and t o o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l han dlin g; and w atch m en . 10 A v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s w e re com p u ted f o r e a ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s o r h o u r ly ea rn in g s w e re then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e e m p lo y m en t in the jo b du ring the m onths in d ica te d in the title o f ta ble 2. The p e r c e n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r o th e r in c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e iv e d b y in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can c a u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w age ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ifi c o c cu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d ro p in the a v e r a g e , w h erea s a re d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a co u ld ca u se the a v e r a g e ea rn in g s to d ro p , ev en though no change in ra tes o c c u r r e d in o th e r a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . The u se o f con stan t e m p lo y m e n t w eigh ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n ges in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in clu d ed in the data. N or a r e the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu e n ce d by changes in stan dard w o rk sc h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rs. In dexes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 f o r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts w ill a p p e a r in B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a r k e ts, W in ter 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . 5 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Jacksonville, F la ., December I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— Ay u u q i Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division Weekly Weekly j Under lo . 00 and earninks hours (Standard) (Standard) $ under 40. 00 45. 00 lo . 00 §5. 00 lo . 00 i s . 00 ?0. 00 f 5. 00 §0. 00 I 5 .OO 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 5 — 2— 3 7 2 5 6 2 4 22 2 20 11 7 4 ----- 9 j----- 18 8 2 -----2---- 1 - _ _ - - - - 1 1 11 11 11 T75— _ _ ■ ■ Men Clerks, accounting, class A __ _______ __ _ Manufacturing _ _ _ __ _ Nonmanufacturing _ __ __ __ __ „ __ 107 33 74 40. 0 40. 0 4 0.0 $93.00 96. 00 91. 50 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 8 2 6 6 6 12 2 10 Clerks, accounting, class B Manufacturing _ _____ Nonmanufacturing ____________ 114 27 87 4 0.0 40. 0 40. 0 74. 00 71. 56 75. 00 _ - _ - 1 1 9 4 5 5 2 3 13 2 11 25 6 19 1 1 - 41. 0 41. 5 75. 50 74.06 _ _ _ 7 - - 7 7 - 39. 0 39.0 50. 00 50. 00 _ _ __ _ 73 58 - 21 16 13 11 24 22 6 4 6 3 Tabulating-machine operators, class B __ _ __ _ Nonmanufacturing___________________________________ 72 70 40. 0 4 0 .0 86. 00 86. 00 _ _ _ _ - - - 4 4 8 8 Tabulating - mac hine operators, class C ______________ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ ________ ___ ___ __ 54 54 38.5 58. 5 64. 50 64. 50 - - " ■ 2 2 " 20 20 2 2 B illers, machine (billing m ach in e)____________________ Nonmanufacturing___________________________________ 50 35 39.5 39.5 58.50 60. 00 _ _ - - 8 6 10 5 7 5 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A Nonmanufacturing _ _ ____ __ _ __ 74 59 39.5 39.5 65. 00 64. 00 _ _ _ _ " - - - 24 24 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ____________ Nonmanufacturing _ _ __ ___ __ _ _ 180 170 4 0.5 46. 5 55. 00 54. 00 15 15 6 6 24 24 43 42 127 ~To5 39.0 39. 0 76. 00 75. 00 _ _ _ _ " - - 62. 00 39. 0 40. 5 “ 51766“ 62. 00 39. 0 _ - _ - 62 1 61 34 30 39.5 39. 5 61. 50 62. 00 _ _ 364 563 32 38. 0 38. 0 39.5 50. 50 50. 50 65. 50 _ - 62 “ 52— - 79 69 40. 0 40 ,0 59.00 57.00 _ _ - - 120 99 3 9.0 5$. 0 72. 00 71. 56 _ " 1 1 142 129 38. 5 38. 5 62. 06 62.66 _ - Clerks, order Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ __ ____ __ __ __ Office boys Nonmanufacturing _ ___ _ 1 71 _ — 5 — _ __ __ S S $ t 95.00 f o o .00 1*05. 00 110.00 115. 00 120. 00 and 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 n o . 00 115. 00 120. 00 over I 5 . 00 ------- T~ 2 ------- F~ 14 5 -----g---n— 2 2 _ - 1 - 2 2 8 7 — 2— -----2— -----§----- — 6— 8 lo . 00 -l 1 13 7 6 8 _ 8 5 -----1----4 _ - 2 2 _ _ 20 10 10 11 11 4 2 2 8 2 6 4 1 3 1 _ 1 _ - _ _ - - - _ _ _ ^~5 , 6 7 ----- -----5— 6 — 5— 4 _ _ - - - . _ _ . . - - - - - 2 1 2 13 T3— — 2— ----- 2— ------1— _ " _ _ _ - ■ " ~ " _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ - - _ - _ - _ - l l 4 2 1 _ - 1 - _ 1 l 1 _ _ - 1 - _ _ - _ - _ - _ * — 22----- _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - 1 1 1 _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - 15 15 8 8 7 7 _ _ _ 2 1 4 3 4 4 _ _ _ _ - - * - 28 23 3 1 6 - 5 5 6 4 _ 36 35 40 37 4 4 3 - 8 6 _ " 1 - - - 5 5 17 15 13 12----- 28 27 24 16 10 5 20 19 3 — 5— 69 19 50 104 7 97 104 18 86 69 7 62 18 4 14 90 4 86 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 - 8 ------ 5 5 ------ 5 _ 145 145 4 85 85 8 41 41 5 13 12 2 2 2 33 12 10 2 1 _ Women Clerks, accounting, class A _ Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ _ Clerks, accounting, class B _ __ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ _ __ Clerks, file, class A _ ___ __ _ _ Nonmanufacturing __ Clerks, file, class B _ — Nonmanufacturing _ _ Public utilities2 _ _ Comptometer operators _ Nonmanufacturing See footnotes at end of table, __ ____ ___ _ __ _ _ ______ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ Clerks, order _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ __ Clerks, payroll Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ __ ___ _ _ 523 62 461 3 3 8 ------ g— 2 8 8 7 7 13 12 4 ' 33 15 — rr~ 5 18 ------ 5— — rs 27 24 48 .....41.... 6 2 1 1 -----j----— 5----- — z— -----1----6 — 6----2 13 13 “ 1 1 - _ _ - 10 10 10 _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 13 9 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 3 - - - - - - - 4 4 l — j----- _ _ _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 12 21 ” 175----- ~T2— 20 20 - 2 — — 21 21 2 22 14 5 3 ” 21----- ” TI----- “ 2----- — 3----- — r ~ ~ 2 - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - 6 Table A-1. Office Occupatbns-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Jacksonville, Fla. , December I960) Atbbagb Number of worker* Sex, occupation, and industry division NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EABNING8 OF— Weekly Weekly, Under hours earning* (Standard) (Standard) $ 40.00 40. 00 and under 45. 00 t 45. 00 $ 50. 00 * 55.00 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 $ 85.00 $ 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105. 00 110.00 115. 00 120. 00 90. 00 $ $ S S 95. 00 100.00 105. 00 n o . $ $ oo 115. 00 120.00 and over W omen— Continue d Keypunch operators _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ Public utilities 2 _ Office girls __ Nonmanufacturing Secretaries _ _ _ _ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 2 Stenographers, general Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing _ Public utilities 2 _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 361 361 69 39. 0 39. 0 40.0 $64.00 64. 00 84. 50 70 64 38. 5 38. 5 768 76 692 107 527 62 465 133 . - 4 4 - 52. 50 52. 50 _ 39.5 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 77. 79. 77. 91. 50 50 50 50 39. 39. 38. 38. 67. 70. 66. 75. 00 00 50 00 0 5 5 5 52 52 66 66 " 39 39 - - - - 6 3 31 31 12 11 _ - - 10 10 - - _ 59 59 11 37 37 2 42 42 7 18 18 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 11 9 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ - - " - - - - - - 18 18 24 24 - - - 66 4 62 1 102 15 87 10 105 4 101 14 140 15 125 13 118 11 107 10 52 14 38 12 42 3 39 7 29 -------6 23 5 16 3 13 4 8 1 7 1 9 - 13 13 8 16 - 1 1 8 8 - - 84 1 83 34 70 6 64 11 127 20 107 12 73 7 66 3 46 6 40 6 47 8 39 18 12 7 5 6 3 3 5 - ! _ _ 9 9 5 5 1 1 - _ - - 22 1 21 21 9 - - 16 3 13 13 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 22 22 22 16 16 16 - 1 1 1 _ - - - - - 9 6 16 3 16 110 104 42. 5 42. 5 53. 00 52. 50 21 4 21 5 5 25 24 19 19 7 7 6 2 5 5 9 9 2 1 9 9 2 2 107 28 79 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 59. 50 62. 50 58. 50 - _ - 14 1 13 27 7 20 13 9 4 9 4 5 8 1 7 4 3 1 8 1 7 1 1 _ - " 23 2 21 - - - - - - Tabulating-machine operators, class B __ _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ 49 48 38. 0 38.0 75. 00 75. 00 - - - 1 1 17 17 14 14 2 2 _ _ - 3 3 _ - 2 2 _ " 4 4 - - 3 3 1 " 2 2 - - - - Tabulating-machine operators, class C Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ 96 94 38. 5 38. 5 63. 50 63. 50 - - 3 3 32 32 19 17 19 19 16 16 6 6 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 1 - " - - - - - - - - Transcribing-machine operators, general Nonmanufacturing _ _ 137 126 38. 5 38. 5 61. 00 60. 50 - 10 10 12 12 45 43 26 23 27 23 11 9 4 4 - - - _ _ _ - 2 2 _ " - - - - Typists, class A Nonmanufacturing 199 185 39. 0 39. 0 59. 00 59. 00 21 17 60 58 33 30 47 43 12 11 3 3 23 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ 403 37 366 38. 0 40. 0 38. 0 52. 00 55. 50 51. 50 148 3 145 122 17 105 85 8 77 22 6 16 7 2 5 1 1 1 1 Switchboard operators Nonmanufacturing Switchboard operator-receptionists Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Typists, class B Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 1 2 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ - " _ 17 17 - - _ - _ _ - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows: 13 at $ 120 to $ 125; 2 at $ 125 to $ 130; 1 at $ 135 to $ 140. Workers were distributed as follows: 15 at $ 30 to $ 35; 6 at $ 35 to $40. - 7 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Jacksonville, F la ., December I960) AVNtAQB N u m ber of w orkers Sex, occupation, and industry division W e e k ly hou r* (S ta n da rd ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F — W e e k ly x (Sta n da rd) Under 65. 00 and $ 65. 00 under 70. 00 $ 70. 00 S 75. 00 $ S 85. 00 80. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 * 90. 00 $ 95. 00 1*00. 00 1$05. 00 00 ?15. 00 1*20. 00 ? 2 5 .00 1*30. 00 1*35. 00 1*40. 00 flO . 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115. 00 120. 00 125. 00 130. 00 135. 00 140.00 145.00 Men Draftsmen, senior -------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------- ------- ------------------------------------ 71 33 40. 0 40. 0 $112.00 125.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - ~ - 11 - 11 " Draftsmen, junior 33 40. 0 82.50 3 1 4 3 9 4 3 _ -------------------------------------------------------- - 11 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 9 7 12 12 7 5 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 _ _ _ _ . 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Jacksonville, F la ., December I960) Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average $1. 00 $1. 10 $1. 20 $1. 30 $1. 40 hourly . earnings1 and under 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 l_L Carpenters, maintenance --------------------- 30 $ 2 .4 2 Electricians, maintenance ____________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------- 60 54 2. 68 2. 7L Engineers, stationary 3 $ 1. 50 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 K 1. 60 1.70 2 - - - - - 1 " _ _ _ 4 _ 1.80 1.90 and 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 over . _ 1 2 1 1 2 4 5 6 1 2 - 2 2 4 4 - 1 - 6 6 2 _ 4 _ 4 3 1 1 5 5 - 3 2 3 1 - 5 5 1 - 17 17 6 6 4 4 1 1 1 6 _ 2 5 4 _ _ 4 _ 4 _ 43 2. 36 _ ----------------- 41 32 1.97 2. 05 8 8 Helpers, trades, maintenance -----------Manufacturing ---------------------------------- 159 105 2. 01 2. 04 _ _ 16 7 6 1 9 6 17 17 13 11 14 14 1 - 7 7 _ _ _ _ - 36 29 _ - 24 2 _ - 11 11 _ - 5 - _ - - - - - - - - -------------------------- Firemen, stationary boiler 8 1 8 2 2 10 10 _ 8 8 4 4 --------------------- 53 2.59 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 17 _ 1 _ 1 3 1 7 4 _ 15 _ 3 _ Machanics, automotive (maintenance) ------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------- ----------------Nonmanufacturing -------- ----------------Public utilities 2 -------------------------- 339 53 286 187 2. 30 2. 05 2. 34 2.46 _ - _ - _ - 2 2 - 4 4 4 12 4 8 - 11 1 10 3 14 3 11 9 57 26 31 24 7 3 4 1 16 3 13 - 15 15 - 44 2 42 30 19 1 18 " 8 8 4 5 3 2 2 9 9 7 61 61 59 44 44 44 - 9 7 2 ~ - “ 2 2 - Mechanics, maintenance ---------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- 221 168 53 2. 27 2.25 2. 33 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 6 2 4 5 5 - 12 9 3 7 3 4 25 25 - 49 47 2 8 2 6 22 18 4 28 18 10 _ - 4 4 2 1 1 16 12 4 12 4 8 _ - 25 22 3 _ - _ - _ " Oilers ---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ______________________ 26 26 1.92 1 .9 2 _ 3 3 _ _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 4 4 _ - 5 5 _ - 2 2 _ - 2 2 _ - 6 6 _ - - - - - - - - Painters, maintenance 31 2. 22 _ 6 _ _ 4 _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 4 _ _ _ _ Machinists, maintenance ---------------------- _ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. . 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Jacksonville, F la ., December I960) Occupation 1 and industry division Guards __ _ Nonmanufacturing — _ _ _ __ __ _ Number of workers Average hourly z earnings 10 1 81 $ 1.43 1.40 733 142 591 61 1. 1. 1. 1. Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ........ Nonmanufacturing __ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ Under 0. 60 0. 70 0. 80 0. 90 1 . 00 1 . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2. 80 and $ and 0.60 under . 80 .9 0 1 . 00 1 . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2 . 80 over . 70 13 4 3 1 11 8 7 7 4 4 26 18 8 1 42 29 13 8 44 37 7 “ 14 2 12 1 3 29 23 6 9 9 6 5 4 - _ " 4 4 " 156 92 64 148 12 2 26 109 97 12 49 39 10 54 32 22 103 35 68 7 7 119 117 18 14 13 10 15 13 46 46 3 1 11 9 7 3 10 4 12 2 _ 10 10 2 2 3 2 6 5 _ - 2 2 10 10 12 2 10 1 - - - 23 21 - 67 12 55 29 1 28 152 47 105 55 31 24 23 15 8 47 47 2 ■ _ 7 “ 185 5 180 2 204 9 195 6 42 9 33 6 18 18 8 8 197 196 13 10 _ - 13 13 41 41 12 2 24 98 _ _ _ _ ~ ~ _ _ " " ■ “ " 23 50 17 74 12 33 8 15 7 12 33 8 " 15 " 276 267 1 .0 0 1 . 00 4 4 12 12 1 1 Laborers, material handling Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 985 49? 491 1.42 1. 38 1.46 _ - _ - Order fillers Nonmanufacturing _________________ 561 546 1. 58 1.59 _ " 55 31 1.47 1. 58 _ 97 79 1. 70 1. 67 ~ . _ . . - - " " 2 2 3 . 3 63 30 33 1 . 68 1.79 1. 58 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 135 118 2. 15 2. 20 - - - - - 931 192 739 254 1. 71 1. 52 1.75 2. 64 _ - _ - 4 4 18 18 12 0 120 214 167 1. 27 1 . 26 - - 4 4 _ - 54 54 21 20 48 10 21 21 469 64 405 150 1.70 1.47 1. 73 2. 61 - - - 18 18 120 120 13 12 1 8 8 62 62 7 3 4 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) __ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ __ Public utilities 3 ________________ Packers, skipping Nonmanufacturing __ __ _ Receiving clerks Nonmanufacturing ___ __ Shipping clerks ..... . Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing __ .. ............ .. Shipping and receiving clerks Nonmannfactn ring _ Truckdrivers 5 Manufactn r i ng Nonmanufacturing __ Public utilities 1 Truckdrivers, light (under l 1/* tons) _ ........... 8 Truckdrivers, medium ( l l/z to and including 4 tons) .... ...... Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing See footnotes at end of table, “ _ _ _ - “ 31 6 25 4 - 6 6 - 4 4 " 26 10 16 8 35 8 - - - - _ - _ 35 26 8 2 - - - - - - - " - - - - - - - - - 18 1 17 13 9 4 36 33 3 67 67 28 10 18 1 1 . - . - 26 26 1 1 . - - 146 146 137 137 18 18 4 " _ 2 2 6 6 12 12 12 12 3 3 3 3 _ _ “ " “ . _ 3 _ _ 3 _ 3 3 " " 3 - 3 3 3 . " 15 10 23 23 18 13 4 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 9 7 2 _ - 15 11 4 2 1 1 _ - 5 2 3 _ - 3 3 . - 4 4 - _ 5 12 10 9 9 4 1 2 1 3 16 15 16 16 27 11 16 35 31 4 12 7 5 4 2 2 9 2 7 1 3 1 2 " 4 2 2 1 3 1 2 54 26 28 3 1 1 23 6 20 ------g“ 26 22 4 - 12 10 2 31 28 6 4 6 6 - 10 6 4 4 4 5 5 4 2 2 1 1 - - . - - - - - . - _ - 1 1 - _ - 11 11 11 11 4 4 2 2 16 4 16 23 23 37 37 32 8 8 - 220 220 220 _ - 10 10 35 35 32 6 6 116 116 116 - 1 - - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Jacksonville, F la ., December I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Under 0. 60 0. 70 0. 80 0. 90 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 $2. 30 *2.40 and $ under 0. 60 . 70 .80 . 90 1.00 1. 10 1. 20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 $ Number of workers Average hourly earnings T ruckd rivers.'5— Continued Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) ---------------------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 118 32 86 $ 1 .8 5 1. 58 1. 95 Truckers, power (forklift) -----------------Manufacturing --------------- .-----------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- 212 89 123 1. 68 1.76 1.62 - Watchmen Manufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------- -------------- 111 60 51 1. 32 1.41 1. 20 3 3 Occupation1 and industry division 1 2 3 4 5 6 - “ ~ “ - . “ - . - _ " - - - - " 42 9 33 2 2 “ 3 3 ~ 2 ■ 8 8 15 15 16 16 15 10 5 11 11 " 2 2 . " 41 10 31 10 8 2 9 9 2 2 6 6 3 3 - Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows: 10 at $ 2 .8 0 to $ 2 .9 0 ; 6 at $ 2 .9 0 to $ 3 . Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. ' 11 3 8 " 7 7 " - 5 " 5 11 8 3 64 14 50 18 10 8 4 4 40 30 10 16 6 10 26 20 6 . - 1 1 8 4 4 . . $ S 2 .6 0 2. 70 *2.80 and 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 over V 50 13 2 2 23 - - 13 2 2 23 ■ ~ _ “ . - . _ _ “ . " _ “ _ - 2 . _ . . . . - 2 B : Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of differential, Jacksonville, F l a ., D ecem ber I960) Percent of manufacturing plant w orkers— Shift differential In establishm ents having form al p ro v is io n s 1 for— Second shift work Actually woirking on— Third or other shift work Second shift Third or other shift T otal 75. 2 67. 4 18. 0 7. 8 With shift pay differential 54. 0 53. 6 1 2 .6 7. 4 5 4 .0 5 3 .6 12. 6 7. 4 .5 8 .6 1 .3 1 .0 1. 9 .6 U niform cents (per hour) 4 cents 5 cents & cents cents d cents _ — cents 10 cents id * /3 cents 12 cents — 15 cents ------------------------------------------- 1 3 No shaft pay differential 1 .7 35. 1 6. 3 3 .9 - 2 .4 4 .7 - 21. 2 1 Includes establishm ents currently operating late shifts even though they w ere not currently operating late shifts. _ 19. 5 3. 8 - 13. 4. 3. 4. 2. 2. 1 1 6 7 3 4 1 3 .8 shifts, and establishm ents _ - 2. 4 .9 .5 .6 .3 .2 - .5 .8 - 5. 4 with .4 form al provisions covering late 11 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, Jacksonville, F la ., Decem ber I960) Inexperienced typists Minimum weekly salary 1 All industries ---------------------------------------------------------------- Establishments having a specified minimum -----------------------$ 35. 00 and under $ 3 7 .5 0 -----------------------------------------------------$ 37 .5 0 and under $ 40. 00 -----------------------------------------------------$ 40. 00 and under $ 42. 50 -----------------------------------------------------$ 42. 50 and under $ 45. 00 -----------------------------------------------------$ 45. 00 and under $ 4 7 . 50 -------------------------------------------------$ 47. 50 and under $ 50. 00 -------------------------------------------------$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 ________________________________ $ 52. 50 and under $ 55. 00 ________________________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 -------------------------------------------------$ 57. 50 and under $ 60. 00 -------------------------------------------------$ 60. 00 and under $ 62. 50 -------------------------------------------------$ 62. 50 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 -----------------------------------------------------$ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 -----------------------------------------------------$ 6 7 . 50 and under $ 70. 00 -----------------------------------------------------$ 7 0 . 00 and under $ 72. 50 -----------------------------------------------------$ 72. 50 and under $ 75. 00 -----------------------------------------------------Establishments having no specified minimum --------------------Establishments wllich did not employ workers in this category ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 All schedules 37V2 116 39 XXX 77 XXX 43 7 6 36 _ - _ - 8 _ 1 1 1 6 2 - - 4 _ 1 6 3 7 4 13 3 3 _ 7 5 4 8 - - 1 1 3 2 _ - 1 - _ - _ _ All industries Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All schedules Establishments studied Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Manufacturing N onm anufacturing Manufacturing 1 1 27 14 46 18 _ 1 _ - 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 1 _ - Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All schedules 40 Nonmanufacturing All schedules 40 40 37V2 XXX 116 39 XXX 77 XXX XXX 23 50 2 1 10 2 7 7 _ - _ _ - 29 1 1 1 1 1 - - 43 2 1 10 1 7 6 8 _ _ _ - 4 2 3 2 6 2 1 _ 8 6 11 3 3 _ 1 3 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ - 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 8 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 _ 1 - 7 1 3 4 7 1 1 _ _ 3 _ _ 1 XX X 1 1 13 XXX XXX 32 19 XXX 13 XXX XXX XXX 28 XXX XXX 34 13 XXX 21 XXX XXX _ - _ _ Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. Rates applicable to m essen gers, office g irls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the m ost common workweeks reported. Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift workers, Jacksonville, F la ., D ecem ber I960) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Weekly hours All industries1 All workers ---------------------------------------------------------Under 37x/ 2 hours ----------------------------------------------37V2 hours -_____. . . __________ ___ ___________ _____ Over 37l/ 2 and under 40 hours -----------------------40 hours --------------------------------------------------------------Over 40 and under 44 hours -----------------------------44 hours --------------------------------------------------------------45 hours --------------------------------------------------------------Over 45 and under 48 hours ----------- --------------48 hours --------------------------------------------------------------Over 48 hours ------- — ------------- ---------------------- 1 100 6 34 5 51 2 2 1 (4 ) 0 (4 ) Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 6 1 28 1 2 59 5 9 9 3 9 3 _ 5 71 9 7 2 _ - 89 1 2 1 1 - 70 (4 ) 0 (4) “ Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L ess than 0. 5 percent. - 4 1 - 91 1 1 8 ~ 12 Table B-4. Ppid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Jacksonville, F l a . , Decem ber I960) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries1 A ll workers _____ — __ _ _ --- --------- W orkers in establishments providing paid holidays --------_ _____ W orkers in establishments providing no paid holidays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 82 76 98 18 24 2 5 6 2 36 (4) 13 (4) 20 1 - 6 14 26 (4) 11 15 4 n 1 N um ber o f d a y s Under 4 holidays _ __ _ __ __ 4 holidays — _ _ __ ----4 holidays plus 1 half day _ --------5 holidays __ ------------ __ __ 5 holidays plus 1 half day 5 holidays plus 2 half days „ _ _ 6 holidays _ _ — __ _ _ _ __ __ — _ 6 holidays plus 1 half day — 6 holidays plus 2 half days ------ _ __ - — 7 holidays _ — — ---------7 holidays plus 1 half day — __ — 8 h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------9 holidays __ _ — __ — _ __ — — 10 holidays -------------— ------- (4) 4 n 30 2 (4) 19 4 (4) 16 3 1 6 18 3 3 37 1 34 1 13 7 - _ (4) 7 10 (4) 82 - , 1 11 11 75 ' Total h o lid a y tim e 5 10 days __ _ -----9 or m ore days _ ------8 or m ore d a y s --------------------------------------------------or m ore days _ _ — _ 7 or m ore days _ 61/* or m ore days 6 or m ore days _ 5 V2 or m ore d a y s ---------------------------------------------5 or m ore days 4 V2 or m ore days _ _ 4 or m ore days _ 3 or m ore days _ — ----- _ 2 or m ore days __ ----1 or m ore days 7l/z 1 2 3 4 5 no half 18 23 24 27 44 48 67 69 99 99 99 99 99 99 _ 7 7 21 21 56 56 93 93 96 97 98 99 82 83 93 93 99 99 100 100 100 100 _ 1 1 21 21 34 34 70 71 77 77 81 82 _ 4 4 19 19 30 30 56 56 70 70 73 76 _ 75 75 86 86 97 97 98 98 98 98 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the sam e amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 13 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Jacksonville, F la ., Decem ber I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy All industries1 A ll workers -------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 86 69 16 - 100 100 - 100 100 100 99 99 - 99 99 - 100 100 - M eth o d o f pa ym en t W orkers in establishments providing paid vacations ----------------------------------,--------------Length-of-tim e payment ----------------------------Percentage payment ------------------------------------F lat-su m payment --------------------------------------Othe r ----------- 1-----------------------------------------------W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacations -------------------------------------------- 4 - - - 90 80 6 4 - (5) 1 " 10 14 “ 15 42 4 (5) 1 33 6 - _ 30 _ 1 2 15 _ 2 6 _ _ 33 _ - - - (5) 34 (5) 30 _ 87 - - - 65 (5) 63 6 13 1 75 1 12 - 1 77 2 6 - 8 6 85 (5) 18 5 71 6 14 39 47 - 45 3 42 - 70 4 11 - 5 (5) 94 (5) 7 5 82 6 12 (5) 88 - 23 6 61 - 18 17 50 - 65 - 1 (5) 84 14 1 3 5 85 9 2 78 3 4 78 100 _ - - - - - Am ount o f v a c a t io n p a y 6 After 6 months of service Under 1 week -----------------------------------------------------1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------After 1 year of service Under 1 week -------------- -----------------------------------1 week _____________________ —___________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------- _ 84 - 16 - After 2 years of service 1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- 45 9 45 After 3 years of service 1 week -------------------------- ------- -------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks -----------------------------------------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------- 35 - After 5 years of service 1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks _________ ___ ___ ______________________ __ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, - 6 _ - 100 - - 2 _ - 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provision s, Jacksonville, F l a . , Decem ber I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W O RK ERS Vacation policy A ll industries1 M anufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 M anufacturing Pu blic utilities2 Amount of vacation p a y 6— Continued After 10 years of service 1 week O ver _ 1 and under _ _ 2 w eeks 2 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ 3 weeks ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 55 3 41 3 65 31 1 3 - - _ 91 9 9 1 64 16 3 2 66 _ 15 1 86 _ 14 _ 9 1 30 51 - 3 2 29 52 - _ 5 95 _ - After 15 years of service 1 week _ _ _ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _ 2 weeks __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 weeks __ __ _ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _ 4 weeks _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ - - 29 56 14 (5) 39 55 2 6 94 - 1 29 44 26 3 39 50 7 _ 6 86 8 9 1 30 46 5 3 2 29 50 2 _ _ 5 84 11 1 25 38 22 14 3 39 37 21 _ 6 85 10 9 1 30 38 13 3 2 29 38 15 _ 5 78 17 - After 20 years of service 1 week _ Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks __ 3 weeks _ _ __ 4 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ After 25 years of service 1 week Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ____________________ 2 weeks 3 weeks _ _ 4 weeks _ _ _ _ _ Over 4 weeks _ _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 service Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Includes proportions of workers in establishments which did not provide vacations until after 2 years of service. L ess than 0. 5 percent. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not n ecessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For exam ple, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y e a r s ' include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 yea rs. NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of serv ice , payments other than "length of t i m e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or fla t-su m paym ents, were to an equivalent time b asis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. converted 15 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Jacksonville, F l a ., December I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W O RK ERS Type of benefit AIL industries3 M anufacturing 100 All industries3 M anufacturing Pu blic u tilities2 - — 100 Life in s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------Accidental death and dismemberment insurance — — _ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 89 94 55 63 75 46 18 28 54 34 5 12 5 7 13 3 29 14 10 33 91 89 70 62 70 3 71 71 68 64 42 81 79 52 35 49 8 87 81 57 34 51 9 67 67 61 46 59 A ll workers __ _ __ - ---------- 100 Pu blic utilities2 100 100 50 78 73 61 43 46 54 43 46 48 39 58 16 33 33 25 100 W orkers in establishments providing: Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) — — ------Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) __ __ ----_ Hospitalization insurance _ __ _ — __ Surgical insurance ___ __ — __ — Medical insurance ---------------Catastrophe insurance --------_ — _ Retirement pension _ ----- __ No health, insurance, or pension p l a n ----- 84 84 61 72 78 (5) 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 5 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 17 A p p e n d ix : O ccu p a tio n a l Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E B IL L E R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O P E R A T O R Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B iller , machine (billing machine) — U ses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. C lass A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C lass B — Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keepingPhases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. C L E R K , ACCOUNTING C la ss A — Under general direction o f a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple co st accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a< Cbmptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination o f the foh low in g: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple cop ies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. D o es not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D oes not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABLLATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C lass A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D oes not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations andd ay-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C lass B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. C lass C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp ecific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make cop ies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing p rocesses. May do clerica l work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C lass A — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. C la ss B — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to sca le units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow in g: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the follow ing: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selectin g materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; workingfrom blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical s y s t e m or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g m ore than o n e en g in eer are e x c lu d e d . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 22 M A CH IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E — Continued M IL LW R IG H T — Continued operating standard machine to o ls ; shaping o f metal parts to c lo s e toler a n ce s ; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions o f work, to o lin g , feed s and sp e e d s o f machining; know ledge o f the working prop erties o f the common m etals; s e le c tin g standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem blin g parts into me ch an ical equipment. In general, the m achinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop p ra ctice usually acquired through a formal app ren ticesh ip or equivalent training and e x p erien ce. are required. Work in v o lv es most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other s p e c ific a tio n s ; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to s tr e s s e s , strength o f m aterials, and cen ters o f gravity; alining and balan cin g o f equipment; s e le c tin g standard t o o ls , equipment, and parts to be u sed; in sta llin g and maintaining in good order power transm ission equipment such as drives and sp eed red u cers. In general, the m ill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and exp erien ce in the trade acquired through a formal ap p ren ticesh ip or equivalen t training and ex p e rie n ce . M EC H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M A IN T EN A N C E) R epairs autom obiles, b u se s, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishm ent. Work in v o lv e s most o f the following: Examining autom otive equipment to d ia gn ose sou rce o f trouble; d isa ssem b lin g equipment and performing repairs that involve the use o f such handtools as w ren ch es, gau ges, d rills, or s p e c ia liz e d equipment in disassem blin g or fitting parts; rep lacin g broken or d e fe ctiv e parts from sto ck ; grinding and adjusting v a lv e s; reassem blin g and insta llin g the various a ssem b lies in the v e h icle and making n e ce ssa ry adjustm ents; alining w h eels, adjusting brakes and ligh ts, or tightening body b o lts . In general, the work o f the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a formal appren ticesh ip or equivalent training and ex p e rie n ce . M EC H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E Repairs machinery or m echa n ical equipment o f an establishm ent. Work in v olv es most o f the following: Examining m achines and m echan ic a l equipment to d ia gn ose sou rce o f trouble; dism antling or partly d is mantling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use o f handtools in scrap in g ahd fitting parts; rep lacin g broken or d e fe c tiv e parts with items obtained from s to ck ; ordering the production o f a re p la c e ment part by a m achine shop or sending o f the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written s p e c ific a tio n s for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassem blin g ma ch in e s; and making a ll n e ce ssa ry adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work o f a maintenance m echanic requires rounded training and e x perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. E xclu d ed from this c la s s ific a tio n are workers w hose primary duties in v olv e settin g up or adjusting m achines. M IL LW R IG H T Installs new m achines or heavy equipment and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O IL E R L u b rica tes, with o il or grea se, the m oving parts or wearing sur fa c e s o f m echanical equipment o f an establish m en t. P A IN T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Paints and red ecorates W alls, w oodw ork, and fixtures o f an e s tablishm ent. Work involves the following: K now ledge of surface p e cu lia ritie s and types o f paint required for different a p p lica tion s; preparing surface for painting by rem oving old fin ish or by p la cin g putty or fille r in nail h oles and in te rstic e s; applyin g paint with spray gun or brush. May mix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients fo obtain proper co lo r or c o n s iste n c y . In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and exp erien ce u sually acquired through a for mal a pp ren ticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce. P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E In stalls or repairs water, steam , g a s, or other types of pipe and p ip efittin gs in an establishm ent. Work in v o lv e s most o f the following: L a yin g out o f work and measuring to loca te p osition o f pipe from drawings or other written s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting various s iz e s o f pipe to correct lengths with c h is e l and hammer or o x y a cety len e torch or pipe-cu tting ma ch in e; threading pipe with sto ck s and d ie s ; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem blin g pipe with cou p lin gs and fasten in g pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressu res, flo w , and s iz e o f pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether fin ish ed p ip es meet s p e c ific a tio n s . In gen eral, the work o f the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a formal appren ticesh ip or equivalen t training and e x p erien ce. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded . 23 T O O L AND D IE M A K E R P L U M B E R , M A IN T E N A N C E K eep s the plumbing system o f an establishm ent in good order. Work in v o lv e s: K now ledge o f sanitary c o d e s regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system ; in sta llin g or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clo g g e d drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work o f the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and ex p erien ce. S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K ER , M A IN T E N A N C E F a b rica tes, in s ta lls , and maintains in good repair the sh eetmetal equipment and fixtures (su ch as machine guards, grease pans, sh e lv e s, lo ck e rs , tanks, ven tila tors, ch u tes, d u cts, metal roofing) o f an establishm ent. Work in v olv es most o f the following: Planning and la y ing out a ll types o f sheet-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other s p e c ific a tio n s ; setting up and operating all availa b le types o f sheet-m etal-w orking m ach ines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and a ssem blin g; in sta llin g sh eetmetal a rticle s as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. (D iem ak er; jig m aker;toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop to o ls , gau ges, jig s , fix tures or d ies for forgin gs, punching and other metal-forming work. Work in v olv es most o f the following: Planning and layin g out of work from m od els, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written s p e c ific a tio n s ; using a variety o f tool and die maker’ s handtools and p recision m eas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties o f common metals and a llo y s ; setting up and operating o f machine tools and related equipment; making n e cessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions o f work, s p e e d s , fe e d s , and toolin g o f m ach ines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as w ell as o f fin ish ed to o ls and d ies to ach ieve required q u a litie s; working to c lo s e to le ra n ce s; fitting and assem blin g o f parts to p rescribed toleran ces and a llo w a n ce s; s e le c tin g appropriate m aterials, to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In gen eral, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in m ach ine-sh op and toolroom p ra ctice usually acquired through a formal appren ticesh ip or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. For cross-in du stry wage study p u rp oses, to o l and die makers in to o l and die jobbin g shops are ex clu d ed from this c la s s ific a tio n . C U STO D IA L AND M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT E L E V A T O R O P ER A TO R , PA SSEN GER JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R — Continued Transports passengers betw een floors o f an o ffic e building, apartment h ou se, department store, h otel or sim ilar establish m en t. Workers who operate elevators in con jun ction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are ex clu d ed . or other establishm ent. Duties involve o combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and p olish in g flo o r s ; rem oving ch ip s, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipment, furniture, or fix tu r e s ;p o lish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing su p p lies and minor mainte* nance s e r v ic e s ; clea n in g lava tories, sh ow ers, and restroom s. Workers who s p e c ia liz e in window w ashing are ex clu d ed . GUARD Performs routine p o lic e d u ties, either at fixed p ost or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where n e ce ssa r y . Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G (L oa der and unloader; handler and stack er; sh elv er; trucker; sto ck man or sto ck helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) (Sw eeper; charwoman; ja n itress) C lea n s and keeps in an orderly con d ition factory working areas and washroom s, or prem ises o f an o ffic e , apartment h ou se, or com m ercial A worker em ployed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent w hose duties in v olv e one or more o f the follow ing: L oadin g and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 24 L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G — -Continued from freight ca rs , trucks, or other transporting d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh e lv ing, or p la cin g m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage lo ca tio n ; trans porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . O RD ER F IL L E R S H IP P IN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — Continued F or w age study p urposes, workers are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk T R U C K D R IV E R (Order p ick er; s to ck s e le c to r ; warehouse stockm aii) F ills shipping or transfer orders for fin ish ed g ood s from stored merchandise in a ccord a n ce with s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , customers* orders, or other in stru ction s. May, in addition to fillin g orders and in d i cating items fille d or omitted, k eep record s o f outgoing orders, re q u isi tion additional s to ck , or report short su p p lies to su pervisor, and perform other related d u ties. D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma teria ls, m erchandise, equipment, or men betw een various types o f e sta b lishm ents su ch a s : Manufacturing plants, freight d ep ots, w areh ou ses, w h olesa le and reta il establish m en ts, or betw een retail establishm ents and customers* h ou ses or p la ce s o f b u sin e ss. May a ls o load or unload truck with or without h elp ers, make minor m ech an ical repairs, and keep truck in g ood working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . P A C K E R , S H IP P IN G P repares fin ish ed products for shipment or storage by p la cin g them in shipping con tainers, the s p e c ific operations performed being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number o f units to be p acked , the type o f container em ployed, and method o f shipment. Work requires the p la cin g o f item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: K now ledge o f various items o f sto ck in order to verify content; s e le c tio n o f appropriate type and s iz e o f con tainer; inserting en closu res in con tainer; using e x c e ls io r or other material to prevent breakage or dam age; c lo s in g and se a lin g container; applying la b e ls or entering iden tifyin g data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . S H IP P IN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K Prepares m erchandise for shipment, or r e c e iv e s and is resp on s ib le for incom ing shipm ents o f m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A know ledge o f shipping p rocedu res, p ra ctice s , routes, available means o f transportation and ra tes; and preparing record s o f the g ood s shipped, making up b ills o f lading, p ostin g w eight and shipping ch arges, and k eepin g a file o f shipping record s. May d irect or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: V eri fying or directing others in verifyin g the co rrectn ess o f shipm ents a gain st b ills o f lading, in v o ic e s , or other record s; ch eck in g for shortages and rejectin g damaged g o o d s ; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper d e partments; maintaining n ecessa ry record s and file s . F or wage study purp oses, truckdrivers are c la s s ifie d by s iz e and type o f equipment, as fo llo w s : (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b a sis o f trailer c a p a c ity .) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) T R U C K E R , P O W ER Operates a manually con trolled g a s o lin e - or electric-p ow ered truck or tractor to transport g ood s and m aterials o f a ll kinds about a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establish m en t. F or wage study pu rp oses, workers are c la s s ifie d truck, as fo llo w s : by type o f Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises p e rio d ica lly in protectin g property against fire , theft, and ille g a l entry. * U .S . G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 1961 0 — 5 8 6 2 4 0 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 196l. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D .C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285-34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, Tex.— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285♦ ♦ Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. V a.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285♦ ♦ Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285♦ * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-H C o lu m b u s, O h io — B u ll. 1285-3 8 ♦ * D a lla s , T e x .— B u ll. 1 2 8 5 -2 1 ♦ ♦ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-41 Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 ♦ *Fort Worth, Tex.— Bull. 1285-23 ♦Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la.— Bull. 1285-30 ♦ Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285♦ * Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285♦ Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 Miami, F la.— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285-39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a.— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 ♦ ♦ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285* * Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, Pa.— Bull. 1285♦ Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285♦ * Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a.— Bull. 1285-26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285* * S t. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285♦ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285-36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285♦ ♦Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 ♦ ♦Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 ♦ ♦ ♦Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J.— Bull. 1285-25 * * Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ___ Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285♦ Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20 * * Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 * * Wilmington, D e l.-N .J .— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * Price, 20 cents. * * Price, 25 cents. * * * Price, 15 cents.