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Occupational Wage Survey DETROIT, MICHIGAN O CTO BER 1955 B L S B u lle tin No. 1 1 8 8 -2 UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R J a m e s P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR S A I T C TTSIS Ewan Clagua, C m i s o « om$«nr O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv ey D E T R O IT , M IC H IG A N OCTOBER 1955 Bulletin No. U N I T E D STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF 1188-2 LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner J a n u a r y 1956 F r s l by t e S p r n e d n o Documents, U S Government P i t n O f c , Washington 2 , D C • P i e 25 c n s o ae h ueitnet f .. rnig f i e 5 . . rc et Contents Page In trod u ction ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ W age tre n d s f o r s e le c te d occu p a tion a l g r o u p s ___________________________________________________________ — 1 3 T a b le s : 1: 2: A: B: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin sco p e o f s u r v e y ____________________________________________ , P e r c e n t ch a n ges in standard w eek ly s a la r ie s fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l and a v e ra g e stra ig h ttim e h o u rly ea rn in gs fo r s e le c te d plant o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p s, s e le c te d p e r io d s ___________ 2 3 O ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in gs * A - 1: O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s ____________________________________________________ A - 2: P r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l o c c u p a t i o n s ____ ____________.___________________________________ A - 3; M aintenance and pow erp lan t o ccu p a tio n s _________________________________________________ A - 4 : C u sto d ia l and m a te ria l-m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s ___________________________________________ 5 8 9 10 E sta b lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s * B - 1; Shift d iffe re n tia l p r o v is io n s ________________________________________________________________ B - 2 : M in im u m en trance ra te s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s ________________________________ B -3 ; S ch edu led w eek ly h o u r s ____________________________________________________________________ B -4 : P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________________________________________________ B - 5 ; P a id v a ca tion s _______________________________________________________________________________ B - 6 : H ealth, in su ra n ce , and p e n sio n p la n s _____________________________________________________ 12 13 14 14 15 17 A pp en d ix: J ob d e s c r ip t io n s __________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r tabu lation s fo r m o s t o f th e se ite m s a re a v a ila b le in the D e tro it a re a re p o rts fo r D e c e m b e r 1951 and O cto b e r 1953. The 1953 r e p o r t a ls o p r o v id e s tabu lation s o f w age stru ctu re c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n ts , and o v e r tim e p ay p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d i ca tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , a s w e ll a s r e p o r ts f o r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. C u rre n t r e p o r t s on occu p a tion a l ea rn in g s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r a c t ic e s in the D e tro it a rea a r e a ls o a v a ila b le fo r m a ch in e ry in d u strie s (N o v e m b e r 1955), in d u stria l c h e m ic a ls (A ugust 1955), p o w e r la u n d rie s and d ry c le a n e r s (June. 1955), o ffic e building s e r v ic e (June 1955), and con tra ct cle a n in g s e r v ic e (June 1955). Union s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p re v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u strie s: B u ild in g c o n s tr u ctio n , p rin tin g , lo c a l tra n sit op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s . iii 19 Occupational Wage Survey - Detroit, Mich. * Introduction Occupational em ploym ent estim ates represen t the total in ail establishm ents within the scope o f the study and not the number actually su rveyed. B ecause o f d ifferen ces in occupational structure among e s tablishm ents, the estim ates o f occupational employment obtained from the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serve only to indicate the relative im portance o f the job s studied. These d ifferen ces in occupational structure do not m a terially a ffect the a ccu ra cy o f the earnings data. The D etroit a rea is one o f several important industrial cen ters in which the B ureau o f Labor Statistics has conducted surveys o f o c cupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide b a sis. In each a rea , data a re obtained by personal v isits o f Bureau field agents to rep resen ta tiv e establishm ents within six broad industry d iv i sion s: M anufacturing; transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s), com m u nica tion, and other public u tilities; w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insu ran ce, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups e x cluded fro m these studies, b esides ra ilroa d s, are governm ent o p e ra tions and the con stru ction and extractive indu stries. Establishm ents having few er than a p re s cr ib e d number of w orkers are om itted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to w arrant in c lu s io n .* W herever p ossible, separate tabulations are 1 p rovided fo r each o f the broad industry division s. E stablishm ent P r a c tice s and Supplementary Wage P rovision s Inform ation is presented a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on s e le cte d establishm ent p ra ctice s and supplem entary benefits as they relate to o ffice and plant w o rk e rs. The te rm “ o ffice w ork ers, M as used in this bulletin, includes all o ffice c le r ic a l em ployees and excludes ad m in istra tive, executive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and technical personnel. “ Plant w o r k e r s ” include working forem en and all nonsu pervisory w orkers (in cluding leadm en and train ees) engaged in n on office functions. A dm inis trative, execu tive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and technical em ployees, and fo r c e account con struction em ployees who are u tilized as a separate work fo rc e are excluded. C afeteria w ork ers and routem en are excluded in manufacturing indu stries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonman ufacturing indu stries. These su rveys are conducted on a sample basis because o f the u n n ecessa ry co st involved in surveying ail establishm ents, and to insure prom pt publication o f re s u lts . To obtain appropriate a ccu ra cy at m in i mum co s t, a g rea ter prop ortion of large than o f sm all establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all establishm ents are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishm ents studied are p resen ted, th erefore, as relating to all establishm ents in the industry grouping and area, 2 except for those below the minimum size studied. Shift differential data (table B - l ) are lim ited to manufacturing in d u stries. This inform ation is presen ted both in term s o f (a) estab lishm ent p o li c y ,3 presented in term s o f total plant worker employment, and (b) e ffe ctiv e p ra ctice , presen ted on the b asis of w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ecified shift at the time o f the survey. In estab lishm ents having va ried d ifferen tials, the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jority, the cla ssifica tion “ oth er1 was used. 1 O ccupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s s ifi cation is based on a 'u niform set of job description s designed to take account o f interestablishm ent variation in duties within the same job (see appendix fo r listin g o f these d escrip tion s). Earnings data are presen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types o f occu p a tion s: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p rofession a l and techn ical; (c) m ainte nance and pow erplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial m ovem ent. Minimum entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the estab lishm ents v isited . They are presented on an establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a s is . Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statis tica lly on the b asis that these are applicable to all plant or office w ork ers if a m a jority o f such w ork ers are eligible or may eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s lis t e d .4 B ecause o f rounding, sums o f indi vidual item s in these tabulations do not n e ce ssa rily equal totals. Data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w ork ers, i . e . , those hired to w ork a regu la r w eekly schedule in the given occupational cla ssifica tio n . Earnings data exclu de prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are e x cluded a ls o , but c o s t -o f-liv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are in cluded. W here w eekly hours are reported, as fo r o ffice c le r ic a l o c cupations, re fe r e n c e is to the w ork schedules (rounded to the n earest half hour) for which straigh t-tim e salaries are paid; average w eek ly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half d o lla r. The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge m ents, excluding inform al plans w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d iscre tio n o f the em p loy er. Separate estim ates are provided 3 An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a p olicy if it met either o f the follow ing con ditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time o f the survey, or (2) had form a l p rovision s coverin g late shifts. 4 Scheduled weekly hours for o ffice w orkers (first section o f table B -3 ) are presented in term s o f the proportion of women o f f ic e w ork ers em ployed in o ffice s with the indicated weekly hours for women w o rk e rs. * This rep ort was prepared in the Bureau*s regional o ffice in C hicago, 111., by W oodrow C . Linn, under the d irection o f George E. Votava, R egional Wage and Industrial Relations A nalyst. 1 See table 1 fo r m in im u m -size establishm ent co v e re d . 2 The tabulation o f m inim um entrance rates for wom en office w ork ers rela tes only to p rovision s in establishm ents studied. 1 2 according to em ployer p ra ctice in computing vacation paym ents, such as time paym ents, percent o f annual earnings, or fla t-su m amounts. However, in the tabulations o f vacation allow ances by yea rs o f s e rv ice , payments not on a tim e b asis were converted; for exam ple, a payment o f 2 percent o f annual earnings was con sidered as the equivalent of 1 week’ s pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em p loyer, excepting only legal requirem ents such as w orkm en’ s com pensation and social secu rity. Such plans include those underwritten by a co m m e rcia l insurance com pany and those provided through a union fund o r paid d irectly by the em ployer out of current operating funds o r fro m a fund set aside for this pu rp ose. Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type o f in surance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly b asis during illn ess or accident disability. Inform ation is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer con tribu tes. H ow ever, inNew Y ork and New J ersey , which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which requ ire e m ployer contributions, 5 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) co n tributes m ore than is lega lly requ ired, or (2) p rovides the em ployee T A B L E 1: with benefits which exceed the requ irem en ts o f the law . Tabulations o f paid sick -le a v e plans are lim ited to form a l plans which provide full pay or a proportion o f the w o rk e r’ s pay during absen ce fro m w ork because o f illn ess. Separate tabulations are p rovided a ccord in g to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p eriod , and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting p e rio d . In addition to the presentation o f the proportions o f w o rk e rs who a re provided sickn ess and accident insurance or paid s ick leave, an unduplicated total is shown o f w orkers who re ce iv e either or both types o f benefit. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es r e fe r r e d to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to p rotect em p loyees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the norm al cov era ge o f hospitalization, m e d ica l, and su rgica l plans. M ed ical insurance re fe rs to plans providing fo r com plete o r partial payment o f d o c to r s ’ fe e s. Such plans may be underwritten by co m m e rc ia l in surance com panies or nonprofit organ ization s o r they m ay be s e lfinsured. Tabulations of retirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments fo r the rem ain der o f the w o r k e r ’ s life . 5 The tem porary disability laws in C aliforn ia and Rhode Island do not requ ire em ployer contributions. E s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in D e t r o it , M ic h . , 1 b y m a jo r in d u s t r y d iv is io n , O c to b e r 1 955 I n d u s tr y d iv is io n M in im u m s iz e e s ta b lis h m ent in s c o p e o f stu d y 2 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s W it h in sc o p e of stu d y W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts S t u d ie d W it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y T o ta l3 O f f ic e S tu d ie d P la n t T o ta l 3 A l l d i v i s i o n s _______________________________________________ _ 1 ,2 4 2 254 7 9 7 ,7 0 0 1 2 0 ,2 0 0 5 6 7 ,8 0 0 5 7 7 ,8 7 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g — _______________ _______________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________________ T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 4 ______ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e - - _________________ '___ ___ — __ R e t a i l t r a d e 5 ___ — — — ________ ________ - _______ F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e __ _____________ S e r v i c e s ' ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 1 01 - 485 757 87 167 5 9 8 ,7 0 0 1 9 9 ,0 0 0 7 5 ,4 0 0 4 4 ,8 0 0 4 5 6 ,5 0 0 1 1 1 ,3 0 0 4 6 7 ,4 8 0 1 1 0 ,3 9 0 1 01 51 101 51 51 67 190 1 60 139 201 26 33 33 35 40 4 6 ,1 0 0 2 5 ,8 0 0 6 8 ,9 0 0 2 8 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,2 0 0 1 0 ,3 0 0 6 ,2 0 0 ( 6) 1 7 ,5 0 0 4 ,8 0 0 2 2 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 , (6) 7 3 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,3 0 0 3 7 ,1 9 0 8 , 180 3 8 ,6 9 0 1 6 ,5 8 0 9 ,7 5 0 1 T h e D e t r o i t M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a ( W a y n e , O a k la n d , a n d M a c o m b C o u n t i e s ) . T h e ’’w o r k e r s w i t h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n i n t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s itio n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t i n d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p l a n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s t h e u s e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y i n a d v a n c e o f th e p a v p e r io d s t u d ie d a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . * I n c lu d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t a t o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m s i z e l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s ( w it h in t h e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s i n s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a ir s e r v ic e , a n d m o tio n - p ic tu r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . 3 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t i v e , t e c h n i c a l , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s e p a r a t e o f f ic e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 4 A ls o e x c lu d e s t a x ic a b s , a n d s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n . D e t r o i t ’s t r a n s i t s y s t e m i s m u n i c i p a l l y o p e r a t e d a n d , t h e r e f o r e , e x c l u d e d b y d e f i n i t i o n f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s t u d i e s . 5 E x c lu d e s d a t a f o r tw o l a r g e d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s . ^ T h is i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d i n e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " i n t h e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a l t h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n ta tio n of d a ta . 7 E s t i m a t e r e l a t e s to r e a l e s t a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o n l y . 8 H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s ; r a d i o b r o a d c a s t i n g a n d t e l e v i s i o n ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g an d a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 3 Wage Trends f o r Selected Occupational Groups The table below presents percents of change in sa la ries of wom en o ffice c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , and in average earnings of selected plant w ork er grou ps. F o r o ffice c le r ic a l w ork ers, the percents of change relate to average w eekly sa la ries for norm al hours of w ork, that is , the stand a rd w ork schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid. F or plant w ork er grou ps, they m easure changes in straigh t-tim e hourly ea rn in gs, excluding prem ium pay for overtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en ds, h olidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data fo r selected key occupations and include m ost o f the n u m erically im portant job s within each group. Eighteen jobs w ere included in the o ffic e c le r ic a l data; 10 skilled maintenance job s and 3 unskilled job s w ere included in the plant w orker data. See footnotes to table below . A verage w eekly salaries or average hourly earnings w ere com puted for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries o r hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the average of O ctober 1953 and O ctober 1955 employment in the job. These weighted ea rn ings for individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an a g g re gate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates fo r a given year to the aggregate for other yea rs was com puted and the d ifferen ce between the result and 100 is the p ercent o f change from one p eriod to another. The percen t of change m e a su re s, p rin cip a lly, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) m e rit or other in crea ses in pay re ce iv e d by individual w ork ers while in the same job; and ( 3) labor turnover or fo rc e expansion or reduction. A fo rce expansion might in cre a se the p roportion of low er paid w ork ers in a sp ecific occupation and resu lt in a drop in the occu pational average without any change in ra te s, w hereas a reduction in the p rop ortion o f low er paid w orkers would have the bpposite e ffe ct. The average earnings are a lso a f fected by shifts in the prop ortion of workers- em ployed by establish m ents with different pay le v e ls . F or exam ple, the m ovem ent of a high paying establishm ent out o f an area could cause the averages to d rop , even though no change in rates o ccu rre d in other area establishm ents. The use of constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the e f fects o f changes in the p rop ortion of w ork ers represented in each job included in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem ium pay for o v e r tim e, since they are based on pay for straigh t-tim e hours. Indexes for the p eriod 1952 to 1955 fo r w orkers in 17 other m a jo r labor m arkets appeared in BLS Bull. 1172, Wages and Related B en efits, 17 Labor M arkets, 1954-55. T A B L E 2: P e r c e n t changes in stan dard w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r o f fic e c l e r i c a l 1 and a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d plant o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p s * in D e tr o it, M ic h . , fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fro m — D e c e m b e r 1951 to O cto b e r 1955 O cto b e r 1953 to O cto b e r 1955 D e c e m b e r 1951 to O cto b e r 1953 A ll in d u strie s: O ffice c le r i c a l (w om en) -------------------------------------------S killed m aintenance ( m e n ) ---------------------------------------U nskilled plant (m en) _ ------- ------- ----— ----- 7 .5 8 .3 6. 2 1 1 .8 1 1 .0 1 0 .0 2 0 .2 2 0 .2 1 6 .8 M an u factu rin g: O ffice c le r i c a l (w om en) ------- — — — ------- ------S killed m aintenance (m en) — — — — ------------ — U n sk illed plant (m en) — ---------- — — — — — 7. 1 8. 1 6 .4 1 2 .0 11. 1 8 .0 19.9 20. 1 14.9 Industry and o ccu p a tio n a l group 1 B a se d on data fo r the fo llo w in g jo b s : O ffic e c le r ic a l (w o m e n ): B i l le r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ) B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B C o m p tom eter o p e r a to r s C le r k s , file , c la s s A and B C le r k s , o r d e r C le r k s , p a y r o ll K ey-pu nch o p e r a to r s O ffice g ir ls S e c r e ta r ie s S ten ogra p h ers, g e n e r a l Sw itchboard o p e r a to r s Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s T a bu latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s T r a n sc r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l T y p is ts , c la s s A and B 2 B a s e d on data f o r the fo llo w in g jo b s : S k ille d m ain ten an ce (m e n ): C a rp e n te rs E le c t r ic ia n s M a ch in ists M e ch a n ics M e c h a n ic s , au tom otiv e M illw r ig h ts P a in te rs P ip e fitte r s S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s T o o l and die m a k e r s U n sk illed plant (m e n ); J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling W atchm en A : O c c u p a tio n a l E a r n in g s 5 Table A-l: Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OP- Average S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers S $ $ $ S s S $ 1 $ S ) $ $ S I $ $ $ $ Weekly Weekly J n d e r 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 6 0 .0 0 65 . 00 7 0 .0 0 75 . 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 100 .00 105 .00 110 .00 1 15 .00 120 .00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours earnings and and (Standard) (Standard) 1 0 .0 0 under 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 95 . 00 100 .00 105 .00 110 .00 115 .00 120 .00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140 .00 o v e r M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A ---------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g . . . . — — --------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -----------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ -------- — — 1 ,6 0 5 1, 309 296 99 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 $ 95. 50 95 . 50 9 5 .0 0 9 5 .5 0 - _ - _ - _ - . - 8 8 - 10 1 9 3 22 16 6 1 33 14 19 13 207 142 65 23 203 186“ 17 1 407 372 35 10 210 182 28 3 ,156 133 23 16 223 186 37 11 40 28 12 5 19 9 10 7 20 14 6 3 12 11 1 - 6 3 3 " 12 5 7 - 17 7 10 3 C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s B ---------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ _ __ __ __ _ 328 171 157 61 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 4 0 .0 76. 00 82. 00 6 9 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 _ - 1 1 - 8 8 - 2 2 1 2 2 69 19 50 14 41 18 23 13 58 28 30 24 53 45 8 - 19 18 1 - 20 18 2 “ 23 21 2 “ 1 1 - 1 1 ■ _ ” l 1 ~ _ " _ - _ * _ - - 29 1 28 9 _ “ _ _ _ - 17 11 6 6 16 3 13 13 20 10 10 10 57 26 31 31 46 18 28 28 41 41 37 44 44 40 55 18 37 29 79 22 57 35 72 9 63 39 76 31 45 22 20 2 18 16 15 12 3 3 27 18 9 9 36 34 2 2 33 26 7 7 4 1 3 “ 1 1 ” 2 2 - 11 11 49 46 4 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - . - _ - - _ - - - 6 2 2 “ _ ~ C l e r k s , o r d e r ________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ _____ ____ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________ 661 244 417 327 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 5 4 0 .0 9 1 .0 0 97 . 00 87. 50 85. 50 - - C le r k s , p a y r o ll _____ _________ ____ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ 295 234 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 7 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 _ _ - 12 - _ - - 4 4 16 4 12 3 7 5 10 9 67 52 28 28 55 54 20 17 O ff ic e b o y s ___________________________ _______ M a n u f a c t u r in g ---------- .-------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______ _________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ _____ _ _ ___ F in a n c e * * ___________________________ _ 537 256 281 76 69 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 5 0 .0 0 52. 50 4 8 . 00 52. 50 4 3 . 50 21 6 15 4 no 21 89 45 133 49 84 36 14 119 73 46 23 4 99 81 18 9 2 43 22 21 1 - 7 3 4 3 - _ 4 4 4 - 1 1 - _ - . - _ _ _ - - - - - - T a b u la tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ___________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ------------ ------- ------- _ 560 358 202 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 83. 00 84. 50 8 1 .0 0 _ _ - 2 2 16 5 11 43 29 14 43 24 19 48 25 23 177 117 60 116 72 44 54 44 10 24 21 3 11 8 3 13 7 6 _ ~ 2 2 3 1 2 ■ _ - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) _____ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ ____________ __ ______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ 677 355 322 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 6 3 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 60. 00 _ - 6 6 46 23 23 58 24 34 133 38 95 125 36 89 99 79 20 78 35 43 125 115 10 2 2 5 5 - _ - _ - _ - _ - •- - - - _ - B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ___ __ __________„ . •..._ __________ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ __ __ __ ____ _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ F in a n c e * * __ _____ _____ __ __ _ 574 265 309 138 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 3 .0 0 74. 50 7 1 .5 0 6 6 .0 0 - - - 11 1 10 2 28 2 26 11 77 10 67 45 155 92 63 50 115 51 64 24 58 49 9 2 48 30 18 4 12 12 - 40 15 25 - 16 2 14 - 14 1 13 - ■ B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______'__;__________________ __ __ ------- _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g --------W h o l e s a le t r a d e ______________________ F in a n c e * * ___________ ’_________________ 1 ,9 7 6 438 1 ,5 3 8 132 1, 120 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .5 58. 50 67. 50 5 6 .0 0 6 8 . 00 54. 00 - 65 65 49 395 9 386 343 378 59 319 7 268 341 42 299 20 218 342 51 291 21 199 148 69 79 19 40 119 79 40 28 3 119 76 43 23 - 54 38 16 14 - 11 11 - 4 4 - - - C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A ______________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ „ _____ __ __ F i n a n c e * * _____________________________ S e r v i c e s ___________ _____ ____ ____ 1 ,0 2 3 379 644 50 155 140 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 38. 5 3 9 .0 7 8 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 74. 00 81. 50 6 9 .0 0 76. 00 93 2 91 84 27 57 21 1 104 23 81 11 38 13 192 72 120 7 7 33 139 79 60 17 4 2 142 53 89 6 8 11 112 61 51 6 11 24 47 44 3 3 13 9 4 - “ _ - $ _ - 3 * _ - _ - _ - - _ - - - - - “ " - “ - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 12 3 9 9 _ 3 3 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - “ “ “ W om en See * fo o tn o te a t e n d o f ta b le . T r a n s p o r ta tio n * * F in a n c e , (e x c lu d in g in s u r a n c e , _ 15 21 43 - - - - •- - 15 21 43 - - - - - “ - 6 5 14 15 46 27 - O c c u p a tio n a l W a g e r a ilr o a d s ), and re a l e sta te . _ - c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic S u rvey, D e tr o it, M ic h . , u tilitie s . B u reau of O c to b er 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L abor S ta tis tic s * L A B O R - - ~ 6 T a b l e A - 1 : O f f i c e O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t i n u e d ( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) Avebaob S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Weekly Weekly U nder hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) $ 4 0 .0 0 W o m e n - C o n tin u e d $ s s S s s S t S $ $ S $ S t $ 1 $ $ $ $ 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 75 . 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 10 0 .0 0 10 5 .0 0 1 10 .00 1 1 5 .0 0 120.00 12 5 .0 0 130 .00 135.00 140 .00 and and under 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 10 5 .0 0 11 0 .0 0 115 .00 1 20 .00 125 .00 1 3 0 .0 0 1 35 .00 140.00 o v e r < t C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s B ---------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * _____________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ R e t a il tr a d e 2 _________________________ F i n a n c e * * ____________________________ S e r v i c e s ____________________________ 2 ,0 9 4 515 239 602 562 176 3 9 .5 39. 5 39. 5 3 9 .5 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 60. 50 68. 50 57. 50 64. 00 6 4 .0 0 52. 50 53. 50 5 8 .0 0 19 19 3 16 - 193 2 191 5 124 37 25 329 20 309 20 8 132 145 4 433 61 372 79 44 72 134 43 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ______________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ F i n a n c e * * ____________________________ 953 272 179 39. 5 38. 5 38. 5 65 . 50 6 1 .0 0 60. 50 _ - _ - 23 19 17 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________ R e t a il tr a d e 2 _____ __________________ F in a n ce * * ____________________________ S e r v i c e s ---------------------------------------------- 1 .9 4 0 390 1, 550 206 166 225 678 275 39. 0 40. 0 3 9 .0 38. 5 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .0 38. 0 4 8 . 50 53. 50 4 7 . 50 4 4 . 00 5 3 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 4 7 . 50 4 8 . 50 156 156 75 52 29 - 488 33 455 35 20 41 206 153 C l e r k s , o r d e r _______________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____________________ R e t a il tr a d e 2 _________________________ 394 119 275 133 3 9 .0 39. 0 3 9 .0 39. 5 6 3 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 59. 50 51. 50 1 1 18 18 18 70. 50 73. 50 65 . 50 6 3 .0 0 63. 50 ! 1 - C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * _____________________ S e r v i c e s ____________________________ 2 ,9 1 2 1 ,4 2 0 886 534 123 149 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 39. 0 3 9 .0 1 - 16 3 13 - 414 61 353 75 42 77 141 18 46 2 105 357 89 46 92 87 43 378 209 169 61 27 63 5 13 51 45 26 91 60 43 132 64 38 520 76 444 34 28 71 252 59 433 163 270 54 43 48 116 9 184 56 128 2 63 13 46 4 39 72 5 67 37 53 20 33 27 39 34 73 28 45 9 20 85 34 51 11 22 102 29 73 36 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ - _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 128 126 87 11 6 10 12 255 114 141 82 43 11 3 2 127 72 55 14 16 9 16 38 36 2 _ 2 _ - - 435 39 30 149 30 25 47 10 - 17 3 - 6 _ - 2 2 - 87 50 37 2 12 _ 22 1 19 9 10 2 _ 7 1 52 3 49 1 _ _ _ 48 1 1 1 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - " - - - - - - - - - - - - 38 7 31 9 57 23 34 24 16 8 2 30 10 20 4 30 27 3 ‘ 24 3 21 “ 3 3 - _ ■ 2 2 “ 3 3 “ _ ■ _ " _ ~ _ - _ - . - _ " 6 5 1 1 - 31 10 21 - . - _ _ . - - - - - . _ - - - - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 191 112 79 19 14 1 242 148 94 12 34 193 124 69 20 30 159 118 41 9 13 137 118 19 2 - 127 110 17 6 10 10 _ _ 57 47 10 4 - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ 1 I _ . - D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (m im e o g r a p h o r ditto) ___________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ _ .. K e y - p u n c h o p e r a t o r s _________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s _______________________ F i n a n c e * * ________ __________________ See * fo o tn o te s 4 0 .0 40. 0 39. 5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 67. 70. 61. 59. 64. 62. 57. 260 137 123 3 9 .5 4o.o 38. 5 58. 50 60. 50 56. 00 4 0 .0 40. 0 39. 5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 64 . 50 68 . 50 5 9 .0 0 61. 50 57. 50 JL33Q 762 568 114 169 00 50 50 00 50 50 50 84 10 74 10 49 -7 141 36 105 4 1 45 20 284 133 151 13 45 55 26 437 190 247 15 40 36 28 427 287 140 9 12 110 3 367 305 62 8 21 31 389 322 67 2 1 64 - 14 14 5 _ 7 2 2 - 3 12 37 17 20 57 11 46 34 25 9 50 46 4 20 18 2 21 20 25 1 25 55 12 43 92 17 75 18 29 207 72 135 14 36 217 85 132 39 39 266 165 101 18 16 295 271 24 7 12 131 115 16 8 5 5 5 - - 3 12 6 32 - - 6 6 32 - 6 - 29 a t en d o f ta b le . T r a n s p o r ta tio n * * F in a n c e , -2. 305 1 ,4 1 0 895 67 133 417 89 (e x c lu d in g in s u r a n c e , and r a ilr o a d s ), re a l e sta te . c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s - 38 36 2 1 _ 1 8 8 _ - 1 1 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 24 21 3 3 5 4 1 1 - . _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - . - _ - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ ' C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ___________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * _____________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e R e t a il tr a d e 2 _________________________ F in a n ce ** ____________ ____ ________ _ - ' ' 110 82 28 13 14 1 1 - . _ _ 2 7 T a b l e A - l : O f f i c e O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t i n u e d (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o it , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers $ S $ s S s $ $ * S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S Weekly Weekly U nder 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105 .00 110 .00 115 .00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 earnings $ hours (Standard) (Standard) and over 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 10 0 .0 0 105.00 1 10 .00 115 .00 120 .00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 W o m e n - C o n tin u e d 229 33 112 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 9 .5 0 52. 50 4 7 . 50 5 4 .0 0 4 6 . 50 24 16 8 3 3 95 24 71 3 37 122 17 105 11 64 62 36 26 3 7 58 49 9 3 1 19 18 1 1 - 13 8 5 5 - 4 4 4 - _ - _ " - _ - _ - _ - _ - - " _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - S e c r e t a r i e s --------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 _____ — ______________ F i n a n c e * * _____ _____ __ _____ __ S e r v i c e s ----------------------------------------------- 4 .0 7 1 2 , 579 1 ,4 9 2 120 345 232 450 345 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 8 1 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 74. 50 7 2 .0 0 72. 50 _ - 6 6 6 - 20 20 18 2 24 2 22 7 1 12 2 107 10 97 15 43 39 241 * 28 213 4 10 46 75 78 294 119 175 8 39 33 60 35 403 195 208 11 97 31 47 22 969 727 242 14 89 34 46 59 673 475 198 11 34 21 75 57 382 240 142 18 38 21 '3 9 26 339 283 56 6 17 7 12 14 256 228 28 8 9 4 5 2 209 155 54 20 4 15 9 6 77 60 17 15 2 - 20 15 5 2 3 27 22 5 3 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 - 7 7 - 4 4 - 6 4 2 1 1 - 5 5 - _ _ ______ S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ______ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 _ _____ _____ _______ F i n a n c e * * _____________________________ S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------------------ 6 ,4 1 8 4 , 569 1 ,8 4 9 299 492 181 47 6 401 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 37. 5 69. 50 7 2 .0 0 6 4 .5 0 68. 00 6 5 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 63. 50 63. 50 7 7 3 4 - 62 3 59 5 13 6 30 5 291 76 215 24 31 27 64 69 710 432 278 43 84 47 65 39 966 491 475 49 120 43 108 155 1001 746 255 25 100 27 87 16 1536 1306 230 52 107 7 48 16 895 648“ 247 78 25 12 40 92 493 431 62 20 8 2 25 7 250 231 19 3 4 7 3 2 130 - 76 76 - 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - “ - - - _ - - - __ _ 182 4 0 .0 8 1 .0 0 _ _ _ 1 5 3 10 11 31 76 28 17 _ _ _ _ S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ______________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ __ _ _______ ___ ___ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________ _____________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________ R e t a il t r a d e 2 _________________________ F in a n c e * * ___ . , ________ S e r v i c e s ----------------------------------------------- 989 43 0 559 44 121 97 215 40. 5 4 0 .0 41. 5 40; 0 40. 5 40. 5 4 3 .0 6 3 .0 0 70. 50 57. 50 69. 50 60. 50 5 8 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 16 16 6 10 25 25 11 12 2 134 134 17 11 106 78 1 77 1 14 5 51 91 30 61 4 22 14 21 137 41 96 6 15 26 23 206 140 66 13 16 6 1 161 125 36 6 14 - 113 73 40 14 24 2 - 20 15 5 2 1 - 5 2 3 1 3 3 - . _ - . - - " - - - S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ ______________ ______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * ______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ _ ______ __ _ _ R e t a i l t r a d e 2 _________________________ S e r v i c e s -------------------- -------------------------- 879 431 448 51 150 80 70 3 9 .5 3 ^ .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 38. 5 62. 50 65. 00 6 0 .0 0 58. 00 6 2 .0 0 57. 50 6 3 .0 0 - 5 5 5 - 135 58 77 17 37 3 10 220 95 125 9 38 16 26 151 49 102 3 60 18 8 101 73 28 2 4 3 17 27 25 2 2 - 31 25 6 4 1 1 - _ - - - 3 2 1 1 _ - - 125 63 62 11 7 16 2 25 25 - - 56 16 40 3 22 5 - - - T a b u la t in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ___ ______ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________ ______ 272 100 172 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 68. 50 78. 50 6 3 .0 0 . - 11 11 17 17 16 16 23 23 35 3 32 28 9 19 37 16 21 37 22 15 44 32 12 18 14 4 5 3 2 1 1 - - _ - T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , gen eral _____ ___ _ __ _ M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _ ___ _______ 568 176 392 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 63. 50 6 6 .0 0 62. 50 3 3 1 1 68 10 58 91 14 77 71 18 53 117 29 88 68 48 20 63 31 32 32 24 8 20 2 18 - 16 16 - - - 18 18 - - 3 ,6 5 2 2, 838 814 147 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 6 7 .0 0 68. 00 6 3 .5 0 71. 50 _ - 3 3 - 35 _ 35 - 137 19 118 - 294 118 176 16 425 262 163 15 1730 1649 81 23 633 557 76 30 330 200 130 58 38 30 8 2 19 19 - 5 _ 5 3 _ _ - O ff ic e g i r l s ____________________________ _____ M a n u fa c tu r in g - __ __ ______ _ _______ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * „ _ ___ __________ F i n a n c e * * -------------------------------------------- S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l _____ ____ T y p is t s , c l a s s A - _____________ ______ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * 397 168 - _ - • S e e fo o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . * * F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . 126 2 2 - _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ • - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - - - - - - . - _ - . _ ~ . - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ ■ * - _ . _ - ! - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 - - _ - _ - - - - - " - ■ _ 8 T a b l e A - l : O f f i c e O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t i n u e d (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o it , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGH T-TIM E W E E K LY E ARNING S OF A verage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) U n d e r 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 and $ 4 0 . 00 u n d e r 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 % $ s 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 *80. 00 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 s t s s 5 $ s % $ S 9 5 .0 0 1 00 .00 1 0 5 .0 0 110 .0 0 11 5 .0 0 120 .00 1 2 5 .0 0 1 30 .00 135 .00 14 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105 .00 1 1 0 .0 0 11 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 125 .00 13 0 .0 0 1 35 .00 1 40 .00 a n over W o m e n - C o n tin u e d * T y p is t s , c la s s B ____________________________ 4 , 535 M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------ 1 ,9 7 3 N on m an u fac t u r i n g ----- ------------------------2, 562 384 P u b lic u t ilit ie s * __ _____________ __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ----------------------------------------379 264 R e t a il tr a d e 2 -----------------------------------------------4 3 F i n a n c e * * -------------------------------------------- 1 ,1 5 1 1 2 * ** 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 53. 50 5 7 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 56. 50 55. 50 4 8 . 50 4 9 . 00 66 3 63 378 65 313 13 25 24 187 - 23 36 1105 283 822 36 63 111 538 1088 401 687 125 89 62 235 854 495 359 88 108 33 84 615 442 173 46 37 11 69 256 16F 88 53 30 134 91 43 23 13 25 11 14 _ - - - - - 2 ~ " ” - 14 _ 14 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " “ - - - “ - _ _ ‘ H ou rs r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r ie s an d the e a rn in gs c o r r e s p o n d t o th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . E x c lu d e s d a ta f o r 2 la r g e d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s . T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . Table A-2: Professional ajnd Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) N U M B E R O F W ORKERS R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F A verage S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 < Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly Under earnings (Standard) f o . 00 $ $ 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 s S S S s % $ 1 S $ $ $ s S $ s S 80. 00 85. 00 90 . 00 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 1 20 .00 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 40 .00 14 5 .0 0 1 50 .00 1 55 .00 1 6 0 .0 0 and under and 65. 00 70 . 00 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 ,0 0 LOO. 00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 35 .00 1 4 0 .0 0 145 .00 150. 00 15 5 .0 0 16 0 .0 0 over M en $ D ra fts m e n , D ra fts m e n , ju n io r _ M a n u fa c tu rin g ___________ Tra c e rs _ _ _ _ - - - 2 ,2 3 0 1 ,6 6 9 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 120. 50 117. 56 “ - _ _ 1, 213 ________ ____ “ 855 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 0 .0 0 88. 00 5 5 33 32 20 12 66 43 436 371 40. 0 4 0 .0 71. 50 72. 50 3 64 *46 30 15 85 79 521 482 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 81. 50 82. 00 1 11 4 s e n i o r ____________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________ ______________________________________ _ __ _____________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g 197 161 208 194 12 8 238 201 204 125 47 18 71 23 40 28 29 2 74 73 20 8 116 105 91 81 135 108 181 142 178 147 190 160 104 87 81 62 68 65 66 63 29 28 13 13 . _ _ _ _ ■ “ ~ ~ “ 62 59 169 163 130 121 74 68 53 51 5 5 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 114 48 171 207 155 230 131 92 85> 118 87 57 53 90 50 17 9 2 100 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ • “ * - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ W om en N u rs e s , in d u s t r ia l (r e g is t e r e d ) M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ — 1 2 3 4 _____________ --------------------------------------------- H ou rs r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o ll o w s : W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o ll o w s : W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o ll o w s : 2 _ 1 1 1 1 e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t i m e s a l a r ie s and th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 47 a t $ 1 6 0 to $ 1 7 0 ; 18 at $ 1 7 0 to $ 1 8 0 ; a n d 35 at $ 1 8 0 and o v e r . 14 a t $ 4 5 to $ 5 0 ; 26 at $ 5 0 to $ 5 5 ; and 24 at $ 5 5 t o $ 6 0 . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , D e t r o i t , M ic h . , O c t o b e r 1955 14 a t $ 4 5 to $ 5 0 ; 13 at $ 5 0 to $ 5 5 ; and 19 at $ 5 5 t o $ 6 0 . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s d 9 T a b le A - 3 : M a i n t e n a n c e a n d P o w e r p la n t O c c u p a t i o n s (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) N U M B E R O F W O R K E B S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ U n d er $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 0 and 1 .7 0 rto r 1 .8 0 o o 00 O' . 1 . 60 ,"H O c c u p a t io n an d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n $ 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3 .0 0 3. 10 3 .2 0 2 .1 0 2. 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10 3 .2 0 and over C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e _________ — ----------M a n u fa c tu r in g _ ---------------------- — - — N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ 1 ,3 6 4 1 ,0 2 0 344 $ 2. 51 2. 50 2. 55 - - - 1 1 42 42 41 5 36 29 22 7 51 29 22 142 117 25 292 229 63 597 586 11 17 12 5 5 5 11 8 3 12 12 3 3 121 12 109 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e ________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g - _____ _____ ___ ____ __ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r i n g ------------------------------------------------- 4 ,4 1 2 4 , 100 312 2. 60 2. 60 2 .6 2 - l l _ - 1 1 13 13 - 20 20 _ - 27 5 22 262 214 48 497 484 13 880 873 7 235 8 233 2 26 221 67 154 24 24 - 20 18 2 _ - „ _ - 88 70 18 E n g in e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y ___________ __________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _____ _____ _____ ________ ____ ______ ____ _ ____ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 666 445 221 2. 57 2. 66 2. 39 _ " _ - 7 7 _ “ 17 17 34 34 8 8 64 40 24 56 21 35 89 65 24 87 76 11 105 89 16 75 60 15 11 7 4 18 2 16 17 17 ■ 57 53 4 21 15 6 F i r e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r __ __ __ _ _ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ 745 570 175 2. 14 2. 21 1 .9 1 35 10 25 21 16 5 43 19 24 70 36 34 48 16 32 88 81 7 92 89 3 85 75 10 102 74 28 43 43 - 118 111 7 . - . _ - _ - . - _ - - - - H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in t e n a n c e ____________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g -------- _ _____ ___________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________ 1 ,3 3 6 1, 188 148 2. 10 2. 12 1 .9 3 12 12 5 5 45 21 24 102 91 11 547 • 527 20 77 38 39 85 54 31 38 38 - 289 289 - 136 130 6 _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ _ _ - - - - _ - - - - - M a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _______________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ 3 ,4 6 6 3 ,4 6 3 2 .6 2 2. 62 _ - _ _ - _ - - - - 21 20 348 348 638 638 1883 1883 377 377 143 143 23 23 _ - 3 1 _ - 30 30 _ . _ _ _ _ - - - - - 12 8 72 68 50 47 130 122 223 222 51 51 16 16 _ - 6 6 . - - _ - - - 20 13 7 7 29 24 5 1 2 19 3 16 2 14 159 35 124 110 - 381 110 271 141 41 342 52 290 239 42 278 160 118 87 28 70 33 37 36 - 3 3 _ - 8 1 7 7 _ _ - - - - 40 30 10 1 1 7 1 6 95 85 10 345 295 50 440 420 20 802 785 17 _ _ _ _ _ 23 22 180 180 661 661 1681 1681 M a c h in is t s , m a in t e n a n c e M a n u fa c tu r in g _ __ _ _ _ _ _ - 633 613 2. 64 2 .6 5 M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e (m a in te n a n c e ) M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * ______________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________________ 1 ,3 1 3 43 4 879 620 141 2. 39 2 .4 1 2. 37 2. 39 2. 32 M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 4 , 528 4, 280 248 2. 59 2. 59 2. 54 M illw r ig h t s _ _ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ 3 ,9 2 2 3 ,9 2 1 2. 54 2. 54 - - - - 7 7 - 35 35 O il e r s M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ 1 ,4 3 9 1 ,4 1 9 2 .0 8 2. 09 _ - 8 - 22 10 40 40 260 260 382 382 580 580 49 49 98 98 - - - - 989 684 305 2 .4 1 2. 4 4 2. 34 _ _ _ ■ * - 17 17 54 10 44 42 9 33 26 9 17 105 98 7 159 76 83 155 129 26 343 340 3 1 1 - 54 54 2 ,4 2 8 2, 366 2. 54 2. 53 _ _ _ _ “ - - - 7 7 - 14 14 12 10 198 198 323 321 1294 1281 531 522 46 l6 - 528 524 2. 53 2 .5 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 3 3 2 1 58 57 76 74 259 259 124 124 4 4 2 2 6 .2 5 5 6 ,2 5 4 2 .7 5 2. 75 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 5 5 44 44 309 309 745 745 4418 441 7 450 450 114 114 _ P a in t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ___ ___ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________________________________ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ___________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e ----------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g __ _ _ __ T o o l an d d ie m a k e r s M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________ - 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , an d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la t e s h ift s . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . _ _ - * - _ _ _ _ . - _ _ - - 4 . 4 4 - - - - - 229 8 223 8 60 410 336 74 15 15 - - 56 56 - 15 15 - 4 4 - 1335 1335 _ _ - - - - - - _ _ 54 - 19 ------- F T " — _ _ _ . - - - _ - - 29 — rr~ 17 - - 4 - - _ 4 - - - - - _ _ _ - - - 120 120 12 12 — 3 5-----_ 38 38 O c c u p a t io n a l W a ge S u r v e y , D e t r o it , M ic h ., O c t o b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is tic s 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s 2 s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n ) ----------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e 4 ------------------------------------ — _ F in a n ce * * ______________________________ ___ S e r v i c e s --------------------------------- -------- -------q nar^Q M a n u fa ctu rin g __ _, „. , . __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___ _____ ________________ F in a n ce * * _____ __ __ ------ ----- -----------J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m e n ) ------------M a n u fa ctu rin g _ __ ______ ____________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s * __ -----------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e -------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e 4 _______________ ______ _______ F i n a n c e * * _____ ____________________ — ___ S e r v i c e s ______________________________________ 358 151 $ 1. 56 1. 23 - 155 453 156 1. 11 1 .1 1 1. 00 1. 12 1. 11 4 . 120 3 ,8 8 8 232 186 2. 10 2. 13 1 .6 8 1. 62 806 WT~ 1 1 ,0 7 7 8 ,0 9 9 2 ,9 7 8 403 139 1 ,1 6 6 666 604 1 .7 2 1. 85 1. 36 1. 72 1. 66 1. 24 1 .3 5 1. 29 $ U n d er 1. 00 and $ under 1 .0 0 1. 10 $ 1. 10 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 - 52 52 109 85 2 2 3 3 3 90 90 78 12 190 190 22 168 - 481 480 53 278 143 8 7 2 3 1 23 21 2 - _ - _ - 4 4 4 37 37 37 11 11 7 . 323 323 164 159 196 196 99 12 85 300 300 2 230 44 24 727 54 673 26 9 323 210 105 502 101 401 20 22 134 216 9 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1. 70 $ 1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 -9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 _ 2. 50 2. 60 $ - 7 7 2 2 - 1 - 3 3 2 - 10 10 - 16 16 16 24 8 16 16 65 42 23 20 38 5 33 24 185 171 14 14 681 543 138 44 8 81 2 3 5341 5154 187 102 27 41 3 14 1413 1343 70 36 15 8 3 8 625 22 601 ll 24 24 180 17 163 12 25 84 42 305 82 223 17 29 38 60 79 593 378 215 117 16 23 32 27 154 •- • - $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3 .0 0 and o ffsi E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( m e n ) ---------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------- Average hourly earnings o vO «»(VJ O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 over _ 29 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - “ 525 453 72 48 388 386 2 - 1009 1005 4 - 1706 1706 - 104 104 - . - 6 r - 2 2 - . - _ - _ - - 248 207 41 23 11 7 115 73 42 4 38 83 77 6 2 4 55 55 - 15 15 - - - - - - - - 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - — - 109 108 1 1 - - - L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g ____________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ _______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s * -------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------- - ----- --------R e t a il tr a d e 4 -------------------------------------------------- 16, 503 1 2 , 959 3, 544 902 1 ,2 3 9 1 ,3 9 3 1 .9 3 1 .9 5 1. 83 2. 11 1. 81 1. 68 34 34 34 35 35 35 123 123 121 73 73 72 56 56 19 37 179 179 170 8 240 72 168 41 127 562 137 425 40 6 19 790 563 227 4 223 2403 1808 595 64 124 407 6918 6593 325 88 74 163 3298 29 4 b 352 64 221 61 1262 427 835 682 67 86 343 283 60 60 - 51 22 29 29 - 108 108 - 28 28 28 - - - - - - O rd er fille r s M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________________ R e t a il tr a d e 4 ________________________________ 2 ,3 2 2 959 1 ,3 6 3 990 357 1 .9 3 2. 00 1. 88 1 .8 9 1 .8 9 _ - 10 10 - 17 17 12 10 10 10 - 45 3 42 42 - 73 73 73 - 10 10 9 - 244 244 206 38 46 & 40 35 5 99 77 22 14 8 845 546 299 86 213 558 110 448 373 75 187 175 12 10 2 56 9 47 43 4 96 9 87 87 - _ - 26 24 2 2 - - _ " _ - _ - _ - P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g ( m e n ) ___ ____________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------- 3, 546 “ 575 W ~ 1 .9 6 1. 97 _ 2 - _ 57 - 64 42 22 20 43 20 1756 1750 594 594 496 496 106 104 29 3 3 - _ _ _ 206 155 155 - - 12 - _ - - - - - - - _ _ 275 275 14 10 _ - - _ _ _ - - 2 2 _ - 263 263 _ - 114 114 _ - 20 5 _ - - - - - - - - 6 6 25 25 9 9 1 1 13 13 35 35 27 24 3 41 40 1 62 52 10 206 187 19 303 290" 13 48 44 4 19 4 15 12 1 11 ~ _ _ - - _ - - - _ “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 13 2 31 16 8 1 44 12 73 17 488 2 36 1 38 15 47 “ 7 - 29 9 10 10 - - 11 11 3 3 3 3 _ “ 13 13 19 19 14 14 9 9 199 15 636 38 86 67 83 52 27 24 11 2 52 33 21 2 7 7 * 23 9 J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s (w o m e n ) _ ----- ' 3 ,5 6 6 1 ,0 5 8 M anufac tu r in g - _............... ._______________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________ 2, 508 317 R e t a il t r a d e 4 ________________________________ F i n a n c e * * __ __ __ ------------------- _ -----------1 ,5 4 9 586 S e r v i c e s _______________________________________ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 29 68 13 06 11 20 5 253 253 66 114 73 395 iii 283 136 70 69 1576 21 1555 91 1332 117 342 8 334 2 28 295 89 ... f>7 32 11 3 6 15 10 5 1 1 1 75 58 17 6 1 58 54 4 4 - P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (w o m e n ) ______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _______• ____________________________ 729 669 1. 84 1. 88 6 - 14 - R e c e iv in g c le r k s . _________________ __ __ ___ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________ 807 642 165 2 .0 1 2 .0 7 1. 77 _ - _ - S h ippin g c le r k s __ ____________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __________ 844 102 2. 15 2. 24 _ _ - - 1 ,2 0 6 310 2 .0 8 2. 15 _ . _ ■ " " __ S h ippin g and r e c e iv i n g c l e r k s ___________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------- See fo o tn o te s a t en d o f t a b le . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . 21 “ 207 _ _ “ Occupational Wage Survey, D etroit, Mich. , October 1955 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 11 T a b le A - 4 : C u s t o d ia l a n d M a t e r i a l - M o v e m e n t O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t in u e d (A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s 2 s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in D e t r o i t , M ic h . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , O c t o b e r 1955) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ U n d e r 1 .0 0 and $ 1 .0 0 6 .8 8 6 3 ,4 2 6 3 ,4 6 0 1, 593 1 ,0 0 2 784 $ 2. 20 2. 17 2. 24 2. 31 2. 21 2 .1 7 805 281 2 .0 3 1. 88 - 2 ,0 6 9 1 ,4 5 2 617 2. 20 i . 19 2. 22 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 to n s , 2 ,9 3 5 t r a i l e r t y p e ) _______________________ _____ ____ M a n u fa c tu r in g _______________________________ T , i $ * 1 ,7 8 2 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _______ _____ ___________ 982 P u b l i c u til it ie s * ____________ _____ ____ 2. 2. 2. 2. T r u c k d riv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 to n s, o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) -------- ------------------- _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _______ ___ ___ _____ ----__ _ — M a n u fa c tu r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * -------------------------------------------- $ 1. 10 $ 1. 20 1. 20 1 .3 0 2 2 - 4 4 - - 2 2 - - 24 18 28 33 • 355 288 2. 27 2 .3 1 - 5 ,1 7 7 4 , 736 441 118 2 .0 1 2 .0 1 2 .0 3 2. 09 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( o th e r th an f o r k li f t ) ---------------- _ 1 , 1 9 2 1. 365 673 692 54 92 T r u c k d r i v e r s 4 ______________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ ------------ ------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ _ ____ __ ____ _______ P u b li c u t ilit ie s * __ ___ W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e 4 _________________________________ T r u c k d r i v e r s f lig h t (u n d e r IV 2 t o n s ) _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ ___________ T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m ( 1 V2 to an d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) ________________________________ ___________________________ — M a n u fa c tu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g W a tch m en M a n u fa c tu r in g -------__ ___ __ -----N o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------------P u b li c u t ilit ie s * _ _______ R e t a il t r a d e 4 -------------------------------------------------- $ $ $ $ $ 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1 .7 0 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1. 80 .. 1« 9Q„ $ 2. 00 2 .0 0 $ $ $ 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 $ 2. 40 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3 .0 0 and over - 12 12 3 62 62 9 50 57 36 21 5 12 3 193 145 48 3 42 3 127 46 81 2 67 7 240 222 18 2 7 - 1032 843 189 80 19 90 842 532 310 9 150 148 1906 1330 576 10 210 327 2145 -------5 T 2090 1482 486 116 4 4 10 10 9 9 62 62 20 18 27 3 17 7 48 17 173 62 122 72 303 15 8 - - - - - - 37 34 3 156 112 44 39 30 9 135 134 1 478 399 79 301 152 149 382 355 27 ■ “ - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 - 71 6 65 - 32 32 - 144 128 16 - 393 320 73 9 - - - - " - - - - 25 - 30 28 _ - _ - _ - _ - 1 1 - 1 1 - 12 12 - 18 19 18 1 - 289 219 70 - 2384 2279 105 40 2 .0 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 3 1. 54 1. 84 1. 26 1. 72 1 .3 4 6 6 2 305 305 6 5 96 21 75 16 67 67 5 13 88 24 64 24 43 24 19 8 48 19 29 11 67 67 - 154 109 45 9 6 - - _ - T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . $ 1 .9 0 11 11 1 - 59 21 38 17 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e an d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la t e s h ift s . 2 W r r d is r r p e r is ic 2 D aotakleims i twe e r eto dm et nibwuotrekde a ss feoxlcl oe wts :w h1e rat o$t0h. e70w to e $in.d80;a te d .at $ 0 . 80 to $ 0 . 9 0 ; a n d 37 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1 . 0 52 4 E x c lu d e s d a ta f o r 2 l a r g e d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s . 8 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 20 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 . 80; 49 at $ 0 . 80 to $ 0 . 90; a n d 184 at $ 0 . 90 to $ 1 . 6 I n c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . * $ 1. 80 1 .3 0 16 - _ - 46 28 18 _ 18 _ - 18 18 . 18 - 189 T5T" - - - - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - 306 1$ 287 " 28 - 18 18 - - “ - 189 169 - 1151 647 504 8 1142 20 1122 965 “ - - - - - - 17 7 32 10 233 225 - 18 18 - - - - - 1743 1693 50 11 526 354 172 67 128 99 29 - _ - 16 16 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 16 203 926 17 4 3 _ 8 13 _ 272 249 23 6 1 147 128 19 15 3 1 2 2 1 1 - - 8 8 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 - 16 - 12 12 - - - _ - - 12 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions' P e rce n t o f m anufacturing plant w o r k e rs — (a) In establishm ents having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s for— Shift d ifferen tial S econd shift w ork T hird or other shift w ork (b) A ctu a lly w orkin g on— Second shift T h ird o r other shift T otal 9 9 .3 94. 1 2 5 .7 7 .0 With shift pay d ifferen tia l _________ — ________ __________ 9 8 .4 94. 1 2 5 .4 7 .0 U niform cents (p er hou r) ________________________________ 29. 1 25.0 6 .6 2 .6 5 cen ts --------------------------------------------------------------------------6 r#»nts .......................... _ _ ....... . 7 o r 7 l c e n t s ___________ ____________ __ __________ /z 8 cen ts — __ _____ _ — ____ __ ______________ 9 or 9 Vz c e n t s _________________________________________ 10 c e n t s ____ _________________________________________ _ 11 cen ts ________„_________________ _______ __________ 12 o r 12/4 c e n t s ___ — — — __ __ __ ______________ 13 o r 14 c e n t s _____ __ _____ ___________ __________ 15 c e n t s ____________ ____ _ ____________ _____ ____ O ver 15 cen ts _______ ___ _____________________ ____ 4 .7 5. 1 5 .3 2 .0 .5 7 .0 1.3 1 .4 1.7 - 1.0 1.3 2. 1 1.5 4i 7 6 .4 2 .0 1.5 2. 1 2 .5 1.0 1.5 1.0 .4 .2 1.6 .2 .2 .6 - .2 .3 . 1 t .9 .4 .2 . 1 t .3 6 8 .0 6 5.7 18. 3 4. 3 6 3 .5 2 .4 2. 1 - .4 2 2.3 4 2.5 .5 17.8 .2 .3 - . 1 1 .8 2. 3 . 1 _________ 1. 3 3 .4 .5 .2 No shift pay d ifferen tia l ____________________________________ .9 - .3 - U niform p ercen ta g e _____ __ _ ____ ___________ ____ 5 p ercen t ____ _____ ____ __ _________________ 7 p ercen t ___________________________ „ ______ ___________ ____ _____________ __ __ __________ 7 /4 p ercen t 10 p ercen t _____________________________________________ 127* p ercen t ----------------------------------------------------------------Other ____________________________________ 1 Shift d ifferen tia l data a re p re se n te d in te rm s o f (a) establishm ent p o lic y , and (b) w ork ers a ctually e m p lo y e d on late shifts at th e tim e o f the su rv ey. An establish m en t was c o n sid e re d as having a p o lic y i f it m et eith er o f the fo llo w in g co n d i tion s: (1) O perated late shifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y , o r (2) had fo rm a l p ro v isio n s co v e rin g late sh ifts, t L e s s than 0 .0 5 p ercen t. O ccupational Wage Survey, D etroit, M ich . , O cto b e r 1955 U .S . DE P A RT M EN T OF LABO R Bureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics 13 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 N um ber o f e sta b lish m en ts with s p e c ifie d m inim um hiring rate in— M inim um rate (w eek ly sa la ry ) A ll schedules E sta blish m en ts stu died _ 254 _ M anufacturing B a se d on standard w eekly h ou rs 2 o f - A ll industries 87 N um ber o f esta b lish m en ts with s p e c ifie d m inim um hiring rate in— N onm anufactur ing M anufactu r ing 40 A ll sched ules XXX 167 37 Va XXX A ll sched ules XXX 254 FOR INEXPERIENCED TYPISTS E sta blish m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m inim um , ^ T B ased on standard w eekly hours 2 o f — A ll ind u stries 40 N onm anufacturing 87 40 A il schedules XXX 167 37 Vz XXX 40 XXX FOR OTHER IN EXPERIENCED C LER IC AL WORKERS 146 61 57 85 11 63 164 56 52 108 2 5 3 3 18 18 23 15 23 13 9 8 4 1 1 1 1 6 5 8 6 10 8 6 6 2 1 1 1 1 6 4 8 5 9 7 6 6 2 1 1 2 5 2 2 12 13 15 9 13 5 3 2 2 _ - " ■ _ 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 _ _ - 2 5 2 1 9 8 11 7 9 3 2 2 2 - 1 1 6 5 7 35 17 26 14 22 9 7 5 5 3 1 _ 1 1 7 4 7 8 9 7 4 5 2 1 - 1 1 7 3 7 7 8 6 4 5 2 1 - 1 1 6 4 6 28 13 19 6 13 2 3 . 3 2 1 - 1 1 5 4 6 19 10 12 4 12 1 2 _ 3 1 1 E sta blish m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m inim um 43 17 XXX 26 XXX XXX 45 19 XXX 26 XXX XXX E sta blish m en ts w h ich did not e m p lo y w ork ers in this c a t e g o r y ___ 63 8 XXX 55 XXX XXX 43 11 XXX 32 XXX XXX 2 1 XXX 1 kxx XXX 2 1 XXX XXX XXX Under $ 3 0 .0 0 ______________ _ _ $ 3 0 .0 0 and under $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 2 .5 0 and tinder $ 3 5 .0 0 _________________________________ $ 3 5 .0 0 and under $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 _ $ 4 0 .0 0 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 _________________________________ $ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 _________________________________ $ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 _________________________________ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 __ _ __________________ $ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 _________________________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 _________________________________ $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 _________________________________ $ 6 5 .0 0 and o v e r _______ _ ____ Data not a v a i l a b l e _____ 1 ______ 1 9 _ > _ _ 2 1 4 2 _ _ _ _ 82 L ow est s a la ry rate fo r m a lly esta b lish ed fo r hiring in ex p erien ced w o r k e rs fo r typing or other c l e r ic a l jo b s . H ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r which em p loy ees re c e iv e th eir reg u la r s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a re p re se n te d fo r a ll w orkw eeks com b in ed , and fo r the m o st com m on w orkw eeks re p o rte d . O ccupation al Wage S urvey, D etroit, M i c h ., O ctob er 1955 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR B ureau o f L abor Statistics 14 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS1 EM PLOYED IN— W eekly hours A ll w orkers _____________________________________ Under 35 h o u r s __________________________________ 35 hours ________________________________________ O ver 35 and under 37 lfz h o u r s -------------------------37 l/z hours _____________________________________ O v er 37 x/z and under 40 hou rs -----------------------40 hours ____________________________________ — O ver 40 and under 44 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------44 hours ________________________________________ O ver 44 and under 48 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------48 hours ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- — O ver 48 h o u r s _____________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 t * ** I W h o le s a le trad e 1 P u b lic ^ u t ili t ie s * A ll in d u s t r ie s M a n u fa c t u r in g 10 0 10 0 1 0 0 . _ _ - - t t t 9 5 83 t t t t ~ - - 54 3 t t 46 95 t - - 10 0 12 t 81 4 R e ta il tra d e 2 10 0 - 3 t 5 86 4 - F in a n ce S e r v ic e s 10 0 10 0 _ 5 t 5 - 13 12 48 - - - - - - - - - t - “ - 100 t t t t t 2 2 75 - M a n u fa c t u r in g 10 0 _ 12 PERCENT OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M PLO YE D IN — A ll 3 in d u s tr ie s - 85 4 3 t t “ ' - 4 ~ t t t t - - - - 4 10 0 1 0 0 _ - t S e r v ic e s 1 0 0 - 92 R e ta il tra d e 2 ■ _ - t t t 4 W h o l e s a le tra d e t t t 3 1 0 0 “ t t P u b lic * u t ili t ie s * 98 - 79 6 34 33 t 7 11 - t - 7 10 8 - - 59 25 - 5 7 Data rela te to w om en w o r k e rs only. E xcludes data fo r 2 la rg e departm ent s to r e s . Includes data fo r re a l estate in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown se p a ra te ly , L e s s than 2. 5 p e rce n t. T ransportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other p u b lic u tilitie s. F inance, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. Table M : Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EM PLOYED IN— Item A ll w ork ers _____________________________________ W orkers in establishm ents p rovid in g paid holidays ---------------------------------------------------- 1 holiday _____________________ ________________ 4 holidays __ _____________________ _________ 5 holidays -----------------------------------------------------6 holidays _________________________________ _ F u ll days o n ly _____________________________ Plus 1 half day -----------------------------------------Plus 2 half days _________________________ Plus 3 half days _______________________ _ 7 holidays ___________________________________ F ull days o n ly _______________ :_____________ Plus 1 half day --------------------------------------8 holidays ___________ ______________________ F ull days o n ly ___________ _______________ Plus 2 half days _________________________ 9 holidays ___________________________________ F ull days o n ly _____________________________ Plus 1 half day ................ ................................. 10 h o lid a y s ___________________________________ 12 h o lid a y s ___________________________________ W orkers in establishm ents p rovid in g no paid holidays ______________________________ All industries M anufacturing 100 100 Public . utilities * 100 W holesale trade 100 Retail trade 2 100 PERCENT OF PL A N T W O R K E R S E M PLO YE D IN— Finance ** 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 t t 83 31 _ t 95 18 _ 53 50 3 _ 77 64 4 _ 96 82 42 31 t t t 76 5 5 _ _ - 47 47 _ _ _ - t ~ • 49 t 8 8 t t t t 5 5 t 3 t 10 19 19 4 t 3 _ _ ■ 10 4 - t t t t _ _ _ _ - t 3 6 100 99 3 96 80 14 t t - t - t t - 35 34 t 20 1 I 1 M anufacturing Public utilities * 100 Services _ _ _ - t t A U , industries 100 100 100 100 100 9 8 4100 97 96 93 65 t 93 19 57 55 _ - 75 69 t t t _ 85 83 - t t t 90 30 t 59 7 7 73 - t _ _ - - 41 41 - t * 3 t t - t t 6 6 W holesale trade 6 4 - 12 12 Retail trade 2 t 4 3 Services t t 62 60 t t _ _ _ _ _ . _ 3 3 - t 4 4 _ _ _ - - 4 7 35 _ E stim ates rela te to fu ll-d a y h olidays p rov id ed annually, as in e a r lie r stu dies. T hese a re fu rth er divid ed betw een w ork ers who r e c e iv e m e re ly the in d ica ted nu m ber o f fu ll day h o lid a ys, and those who re c e iv e 1 o r m o re half holidays in addition.* 2 E xcludes data f o r 2 la rg e d epartm en t s to r e s . 3 Includes data fo r re a l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown se p a ra te ly . 4 The in crea se fr o m 82 p erce n t rep orted in a s im ila r study m ade in O cto b e r 1953 re su lte d ch ie fly fr o m co n v e rs io n to paid holidays in establishm ents w h ich fo r m e r ly gave pay in lie u o f h olid a ys, t L e s s than 2. 5 p ercen t. * T ransportation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and oth er public u tilitie s. O ccupational W age S u rvey, D e tro it, M ic h ., O cto b e r 1955 ra n ce, and re a l esta te. ** F inance, in su U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistics http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EM PLOYED I N - V a ca tion p o lic y A ll w o r k e rs _ __ _ _ All industries __ ___ 100 W holesale trade P ERCENT OF PLANT W O RK ERS EM PLOYED IN— All 2 industries Public . utilities * W holesale trade M anufacturing Public utilities* 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 - 99 t - 100 100 - 89 9 t 100 10 0 - 98 91 7 t 100 - 99 96 3 - - - 94 94 t . * “ t t “ ■ “ • 6 58 t 41 _ - 3 _ 97 _ - t t 89 7 t t t 56 _ 44 61 _ 39 _ 82 t 17 _ 85 - - - - 27 3 69 ■ 39 73 Retail trade* Finance** Services M anufacturing Retail trade1 Services M ETH OD O F P A Y M E N T W ork ers in e sta b lish m en ts p rov id in g paid v a c a t io n s ________________________________________ L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent P e rc e n ta g e paym ent __ _ __ __ __ _ O ther ______________________________ ______ _____ W ork ers in e sta b lish m en ts p rov id in g no paid v a ca tion s _____________________________________ 99 99 t •• t 99 t * AM OU N T O F V AC A TIO N P A Y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e L e s s than 1 w e e k _______________________________ 1 w e e k __ __ O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s __________ ____________ 2 w eek s _ _ _ _ _ _______ O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s _ _ 3 w eek s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 _ 56 - 22 _ - 4 _ 96 - 3 t 4 _ 96 - 8 12 t 88 _ 78 _ - _ _ _ 28 72 _ - 86 6 6 - 17 _ 68 22 17 100 66 62 18 18 7 81 “ 17 t t t t " t t _ _ 8 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e w e e k ________ _____________________________ _____ O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s _______________ _____ 2 w eek s __ _ __ ___ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s _____________________ 3 w e e k . ----------------------------------------------------------------1 t 96 t 98 “ _ 92 - 5 t 94 - _ t t _ 60 ~ 19 5 _ 95 _ 65 - t _ 82 7 85 t A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e w e e k ___________________________________________ O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s __ _ _ T_ r _ _____ __ __ __ __ 2 w eek s __ __ ______ O v er 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________ ___________ 3 w eek s _ _ _ - r^ T 1 t 98 t t _ _ _ _ - - - - 17 _ 100 100 100 100 t - t - . - - _ - 84 t _ 98 - 10 66 17 - t t 60 30 t _ 76 17 7 89 _ 8 48 40 t t 99 - 15 4 81 _ - _ _ 28 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e w eek _______ ______ _____________________________ 2 w eeks . _______ ________ _____ . . ....M O v er 2 and under 3 w eek s __ __ 3 w e e k . ----------------------------------------------------------------1 82 14 4 _ 79 18 100 _ 85 - t 8 7 _ 77 t 21 8 8 t 6 4 _ 90 8 _ 100 . 2 84 16 ‘ S ee footn otes at end o f ta b le . * T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s . ** F in a n ce, in su ra n ce, and re a l esta te. O ccupation al W age S urvey, D etroit, M i c h ., O ctob er 1955 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR B ureau o f L abor S tatistics NOTE: In the tabulations o f va ca tion a llow a n ces b y y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , paym ents other than “ length o f tim e ," such as p ercen tage o f annual ea rn in gs o r fla t-s u m paym ents, w ere co n v e rte d to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; for exa m p le, a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual ea rn in gs was co n sid e re d as 1 w e e k 's pay. t 17 _ t 16 Table B-5: Paid Vocations - Continued PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V acation p o lic y W holesale trade All , industries Public utilities * W holesale trade All industries A ll w o rk e rs _______________________ ____________ M anufacturing Public utilities* 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ 95 t 4 - _ 56 t 42 _ 52 t 36 _ 34 4 62 * . 40 t 27 62 9 t _ 15 77 _ 73 4 23 66 8 _ 97 3 - - - _ 9 _ 91 _ 23 _ 76 t _ 29 t 59 . t 9 3 83 4 t _ 4 3 t 1 1 _ 16 _ 81 t t _ 23 _ 76 _ t _ 27 t 56 15 _ 13 69 _ 18 _ 38 55 6 t 9 3 78 5 4 23 61 _ 16 _ 27 t 30 _ 41 _ 13 _ 53 _ 34 _ 35 _ 58 . 9 3 75 4 Retail trade1 Finance** Services M anufacturing Retail trade1 Services 100 AMOUNT O F VACATION PA Y - Continued A fter 10 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ___________________________________________ 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w e e k s _______________________________________ _ 4 w eeks and o ve r ________ _________________ _ 30 5 64 t . 1 6 6 77 - 1 1 60 * . t 24 9 7 82 t t A fter 15 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eeks _ _ ___ ____ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w eeks _ _ _______ _ ____ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks 4 w eeks and o v e r _ _______ _ _ _ t t _ 4 t 94 _ t _ 9 t 85 t 5 _ 4 t 93 t t _ 9 77 _ _ 4 t 93 _ 14 t 10 t 88 - 39 56 5 88 5 - _ _ 32 _ 99 _ 68 - - _ _ _ 32 _ 58 _ 11 10 _ _ 27 t 63 . 9 7 82 f t _ 25 t 57 _ 17 7 82 t t t A fter 20 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eeks ____ _____ _ _ _____________________________________ __ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ___________________ _ 3 w e e k s __________________ ______________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks _____________________ 4 w eeks and o v e r ____ __ _ __ _ _ 6 _ 93 - t - _ 4 3 84 6 2 t 88 t A fter 25 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k __. . . __________ ___________ ______________ 2 w eeks _ _ _ _ _ ..... . _ . _ . ...... _ _ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w e e k s __________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ______________________ 4 w eeks and o ve r .... t _ 6 _ 46 _ 48 1 E xcludes data fo r 2 la rge departm ent s to r e s . Includes data fo r rea l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown se p a ra te ly , t L e s s than 2 .5 p e rce n t. * T ransportation (exclu din g r a ilro a d s ), com m u n ica tion , and other pu blic u tilitie s . ** Finance, in su ra n ce, and rea l esta te. 6 t 8 _ 4 3 84 5 3 _ t 48 _ 51 32 _ 44 24 _ 25 7 75 t t 41 _ 33 9 t 17 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT O F O F F IC E W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN — PERCEN T OF PLAN T W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN — T ype o f plan A ll in d u s t r ie s A ll w o r k e r s _____________________________________ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g : L ife in su ra n ce ----------------------------------------------A ccid e n ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in su ra n ce — '------------------------------------- ------------S ick n ess and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce o r s ic k lea v e o r both3 ----------------------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and a ccid e n t i n s u r a n c e --------------------S ick lea ve (fu ll p a y and no w aitin g p e r i o d ) -------------— ----------------------------------------------S ick lea ve (p a rtia l pay o r w aitin g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------ ---------------------------------H o sp ita liza tion i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------S u rg ica l i n s u r a n c e ------------------------------ — -----— M e d ica l in su ra n ce ----------------------------------------C ata strop h e i n s u r a n c e ---- ------------------------------------------------R e tire m e n t p e n s i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------N o health, in su ra n ce, o r p en sion p l a n ------------ 1 2 3 t * ** M a n u fa c t u r in g 100 100 100 P u b lic u t ilit ie s * W h o le s a le tra d e R e ta il tr a d e 3 100 100 F in a n ce * * 100 S e r v ic e s AU 2 in d u s tr ie s 100 100 100 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b lic u tilitie s * W h o le s a le trad e 100 100 R e t a i l t r a d e 12 3 100 S e r v ic e s 100 94 98 98 82 73 92 77 97 99 97 93 86 89 46 56 9 48 62 20 33 57 58 20 58 69 38 84 67 95 92 97 14 76 53 69 48 46 9 51 34 93 88 96 95 100 22 90 74 76 65 80 79 56 56 92 68 35 42 37 9 3 40 40 33 3 18 86 86 77 14 78 3 27 97 97 90 18 88 t t 60 60 54 7 91 t 83 81 72 16 52 5 13 48 48 44 4 77 77 61 12 73 8 71 71 34 30 8 4 92 92 81 t 79 t t 98 98 87 37 63 63 58 4 99 5 82 82 54 4 45 4 9 66 66 50 80 80 67 24 3 10 11 - 18 16 - 89 - - _ E x clu d es data fo r 2 la rg e departm ent s to r e s . O ccupation al W age S urvey, D etroit, M ich . , O ctober 195c Includes data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those industry d ivision s shown s e p a ra te ly . U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR U nduplicated total o f w o r k e rs re c e iv in g s ic k leave o r s ick n e s s and a ccid en t insurance shown s e p a ra te ly b e lo w . 3u rea u of Labor S tatistics L e s s than 2. 5 p e r c e n t. T ra n sp orta tion (exclu d in g ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other pu blic u tilitie s. F in a n ce , in s u ra n ce, and rea l estate. 19 Appendix: Job Descriptions The prim ary purpose o f preparing job d escription s for the B ureau1s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a variety o f payroll titles and different w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This is essential in ord er to perm it the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause o f this em phasis on inter establishm ent and interarea com parability o f occupational content, the Bureau*s job d escription s m ay differ sign ifi cantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other p u rp oses. In applying these job d escription s, the Bureau*s fie ld represen tatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing su p ervisors, apprentices, le a rn e rs, begin n ers, train ees, handicapped w o rk e rs, p art-tim e, tem p orary, and probationary w o rk e rs. Office B ILL E R , MACHINE P r e p a re s statem ents, b ills , and invoices on a machine other than an ord in ary o r electrom a tic typew riter. May a lso keep re co rd s as to b illin gs or shipping charges or p erform other c le r ic a l w ork in cidental to billing op era tion s. F or wage study p u rp oses, b ille r s , m achine, are cla s s ifie d by type o f m achine, as follow s: B ille r , m achine (billing m achine) - U ses a special billing machine (M oon Hopkins, E lliott F ish er, Burroughs, e t c . , which are com bination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills and in v oices fro m custom ers* purchase o rd e r s, internally prepared o r d e r s , shipping m em oranda, e tc. Usually involves application o f p red eterm in ed discounts and shipping charges and entry o f n e ce s s a r y exten sions, which may or may not be com puted on the billin g m achine, and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number o f carbon cop ies o f the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m ach ine. B ille r , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) - U ses a bookkeeping m achine (Sundstrand, E lliott F ish er, Remington Rand, e t c ., which m ay or m ay not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers* b ills as part o f the accounts receivable operation . G enerally involves the sim ultaneous entry o f figures on custom ers* ledger record . The m achine autom atically accum ulates figu res on a number o f v e r tic a l colum ns and com putes and usually prints auto m a tically the debit o r cred it balances. Does not involve a knowl edge o f bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types of sales and cred it s lip s . BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish er, Sundstrand, B urroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a re c o r d of business tran saction s. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued C lass A - Keeps a set o f re c o rd s requiring a knowledge of and experien ce in b a sic bookkeeping prin cip les and fam iliarity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. D eter m ines proper re c o rd s and distribution o f debit and cred it item s to be used in each phase o f the w ork. May prepare consolidated re p o rts, balance sheets, and other re c o rd s by hand. C lass B - Keeps a r e c o r d o f one or m ore phases or sections o f a set o f re c o rd s usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. P hases o r sections include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers* accounts (not including a sim ple type o f billing d escribed under b ille r , m achine), co s t distribution, expense distribution, in ventory con trol, e tc. May ch eck or a ssist in preparation of trial balances and prepare con trol sheets fo r the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A - Under general d irection o f a bookkeeper or account ant, has resp on sibility fo r keeping one or m ore sections o f a c o m plete set o f books or re c o rd s relating to one phase o f an establish m e n ts business tran saction s. W ork involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or led gers such as accounts receivable or a c counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with prop er accounting distribution; req u ires judgment and experience in making p rop er assignations and a lloca tion s. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closin g journal en tries; may d irect cla ss B accounting cle r k s . C lass B - Under su pervision , p e rfo rm s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vou chers, accounts payable vou ch ers, entering vou chers in voucher re g iste rs; recon cilin g bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general le d g e r s . This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping p rin cip les but is found in o ffice s in which the m ore routine accounting w ork is subdivided on a func tional basis among severa l w o rk e rs. 20 CLERK, FILE C lass A - R espon sible for maintaining an established filing system . C la ssifies and indexes corresp on den ce or other m aterial; may also file this m a terial. May keep re c o rd s o f various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating m aterial in the file s . May p erform incidental cle r ic a l duties. C lass B - P e r fo r m s routine filin g, usually o f m aterial that has already been cla ss ifie d , or loca tes or a ssists in locating m a terial in the file s . May p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives cu s to m e r s 1 o rd e rs for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or p erson ally. Duties involve any com bination o f the follow ing: Quoting p rice s to cu stom ers; making out an ord er sheet listing the item s to make up the o rd e r; checking p rice s and quantities of item s on ord er sheet; distributing o rd er sheets to resp ective d e partments to be fille d . May check with cred it department to d e te r mine credit rating o f cu stom er, acknowledge receip t o f o rd e rs fro m cu stom ers, follow up ord e rs to see that they have been filled , keep file of ord ers receiv ed , and ch eck shipping in voices with origin al o rd e r s. CLERK, PAYROLL KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no su p e rv iso ry re s p o n s i b ilitie s, re c o r d s accounting and statistical data on tabulating card s by punching a series o f holes in the ca rd s in a sp e cifie d sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical key-punch m achine, follow ing written inform ation on re c o r d s . May duplicate ca rd s by using the duplicating device attached to m achine. Keeps file s o f punch ca rd s . May v e rify own w ork or w ork o f oth ers. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL P e r fo r m s various routine duties such as running erran d s, operating m inor office machines such as s e a le rs o r m a ile rs , opening and distributing m ail, and other m inor c le r ic a l w ork. SECRETARY P e r fo r m s secretaria l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a su perior in an adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for su perior; receivin g people com ing into o ffice ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling p erson al and im portant o r c o n fi dential m a il, and writing routine co rresp on d en ce on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing m achine is not used) either in shorthand o r by stenotype or sim ilar m achine, and tran scrib in g d icta tion or the re co rd e d inform ation rep rodu ced on a tran scrib in g m achine. May p rep are special rep orts or m em oranda fo r inform ation o f su p erior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Computes wages o f com pany em ployees and enters the n e c e s sary data on the payroll sh eets. Duties involve: Calculating w orkers* earnings based on tim e or production r e c o r d s ; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing inform ation such as w o r k e rls nam e, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May make out pay checks and a ss is t paym aster in making up and d is tributing pay en velopes. May use a calculating m achine. P r im a r y duty is to take dictation fro m one o r m o re p erson s, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r m achine, involving a norm al routine vocabulary, and to tra n scrib e this dictation on a typ e w rite r. May a lso type from written cop y. May a lso set up and keep file s in o r d e r , keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . Does not include tran scrib in g-m a ch in e work (see tran scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to r). COMPTOMETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL P rim a ry duty is to operate a C om ptom eter to p e rfo rm m athe m atical com putations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of cle rk , which m ay involve frequent use o f a Comptometer but, in which, use o f this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. P r im a r y duty is to take dictation fro m one o r m ore p erson s, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r m achine, involving a va ried techn ical or specialized vocabu lary such as in legal b rie fs o r rep orts on scien tific re se a rch and to tra n scrib e this dictation on a typ ew riter. May also type from written co p y . May a lso set up and keep file s in ord er, keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran scrib in g-m a ch in e w ork. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Under general su pervision and with no su pervisory re sp o n sib ilities, rep rodu ces m ultiple cop ies o f typewritten o r handwritten m atter, using a m im eograph or ditto m achine. Makes n e ce ssa ry a d justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m a ster. May keep file o f used stencils or ditto m a sters. May sort, collate, and staple c o m pleted m aterial. O perates a sin gle- or m u ltip le-p osition telephone sw itchboard. Duties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice c a lls . May re c o rd toll ca lls and take ^ m essages. May give in fo r mation to p erson s who call in, or o cca s io n a lly take telephone o r d e r s . F or w o rk e rs who also act as recep tion ists see sw itchboard o p e ra to rre ce p tio n ist. 21 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL, - Continued SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR - RECEPTIONIST tion type This tim e In addition to perform ing duties of o p era tor, on a single p o s i or m on itor-typ e switchboard, acts as recep tion ist and may a lso or p e rfo rm routine cle rica l work as part of regular duties® typing or c le r ic a l w ork may take the m ajor part o f this w o rk e rfs while at switchboard® TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR O perates m achine that autom atically analyzes and translates inform ation punched in groups o f tabulating cards and prints tran s lated data on form s or accounting re co rd s; sets or adjusts machine; does sim ple w iring o f plugboards according to established p ra ctice or d ia gra m s; p la ces ca rd s to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts m ach ine. May file ca rd s after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary m ach ines. included® A w orker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine is cla ss ifie d as a stenographer, general. TYPIST U ses a typew riter to make cop ies o f various m aterial or to make out b ills after calculations have been made by another person® May do c le r ic a l w ork involving little special training, such as keep ing sim ple re c o r d s , filing re c o rd s and rep orts or sorting and d is tributing incom ing mail® C lass A - P e r fo r m s one or m ore of the follow ing: Typing m aterial in final fo rm from v e ry rough and involved draft; cop y ing from plain or co r re c te d copy in which there is a frequent and va ried use o f technical and unusual w ords or from foreign language copy; com bining m aterial fro m several sou rces, or planning layout o f com plicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form® May type routine fo rm le tte rs , varying details to suit circu m sta n ces. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL P r im a r y duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a norm al routine vocab u la ry fro m transcribing machine r e c o r d s . May also type fro m written copy and do sim ple cle rica l work® W orkers tran scrib in g dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecia lized vocabu la ry such as legal b rie fs or reports on scien tific re s e a rc h are not Professional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to sca le units or parts o f drawings prepared by d ra fts man or oth ers for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses® U ses variou s types o f drafting tools as required® May p r e pare draw ings fro m sim ple plans or sketches, or p e rfo rm other duties under d irection o f a draftsman® DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and d irects activities of one or m ore draftsm en in p reparation o f working plans and detail drawings fro m rough or p r e lim in ary sketches fo r engineering, construction, or manufacturing p u rp oses. Duties involve a com bination of the follow in g: Interpreting blu eprints, sketch es, and written or verbal o rd e r s ; determ ining w ork p ro ce d u re s ; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; p erform in g m o re difficu lt problems® May a ss is t subordinates during C lass B - P e r fo r m s one or m ore o f the following: Typing from rela tively cle a r or typed drafts; routine typing o f form s, insurance p o lic ie s , e t c .; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com plex tables already set up and spaced properly® and Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued em ergen cies or as a regu lar assignm ent, or p erform related duties of a su pervisory or adm inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR P re p a re s working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing pu rp oses. Duties involve a com bination of the following: Preparin g working plans, detail draw ings, m aps, c r o s s -s e c tio n s , etc®, to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com puta tions such as those involved in strength o f m aterials, beams and tru sse s; verifying com pleted w ork, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing sp ecification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications® May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, p repare detail units o f com plete drawings, or trace draw ings. W ork is frequently in a specialized field such as arch itectural, e le ctr ic a l, m echanical, or structural drafting® 22 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A reg istered nurse who gives nursing s e rv ice to ill or injured em ployees or other p erson s who b ecom e ill or suffer an accident on the p rem ises o f a fa ctory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent d ressin g o f em p loy ees1 in ju ries; keeping re co rd s o f patients treated; preparing accident rep orts for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations o f applicants and em p loyees; and planning and carryin g out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation o f plant environm ent, or other activities affecting the health, w elfa re, and safety o f all personnel. Mainte nanc e TRACER C opies plans and drawings p rep ared by oth ers, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracin g with pen or p e n cil. U ses T -sq u a re , com pass, and other drafting to o ls . May prepare sim ple drawings and do sim ple letterin g. nd Powerplant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY P e rfo rm s the carpentry duties n e cessa ry to construct and maintain in good repair building woodw ork and equipment such as bins, cr ib s , counters, bench es, partitions, d oors, flo o r s , stairs, casin gs, and trim made o f wood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of w ork from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety o f ca rp e n te rfs handtools, portable pow er to o ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions o f work; selecting m aterials n e cessa ry for the w ork. In general, the w ork of the maintenance carpenter req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and exp erien ce. O perates and maintains and m ay a lso su pervise the operation o f stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or e le c tr ic a l) to sup ply the establishm ent in which em ployed with pow er, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air conditioning. W ork involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air c o m p r e s s o r s , g en era tors, m o to r s , turbines, ventilating and refrigeratin g equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pumps; making equipment re p a irs; keeping a r e c o r d o f operation of m achinery, tem peratu re, and fuel consum p tion. May a lso supervise these op era tion s. Head o r ch ie f en gin eers in establishm ents employing m ore than one engineer are excluded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE P e rfo rm s a variety o f e le ctr ic a l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, or rep air o f equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization o f e le c tr ic energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing; Installing or repairing any of a variety of e le ctrica l equipment such as gen erators, tra n sfo rm e rs, switchboards, co n tro lle rs , circu it b rea k ers, m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipment; working fro m b lu e prints, drawings, layout, or other sp ecification s; locating and diag nosing trouble in the e le ctr ic a l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents o f wiring or e le ctr ic a l equipment; using a variety o f e le c tr ic ia n ls handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In gen eral, the w ork o f the maintenance electricia n req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually a c quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER F ire s stationary b o ile rs to furnish the establishm ent in which em ployed with heat, pow er, or steam . F eeds fuels to fir e by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burn er; checks water and safety va lves. May clean, o il, or a s s is t in repairin g b o ile r ro o m equipment. H ELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ss ists one or m ore w ork ers in the sk illed maintenance trad es, by perform ing sp e cific or general duties o f le s s e r skill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m a terials and to o ls ; cleaning w ork ing area , m achine, and equipment; a ssistin g w ork er by holding m a te ria ls or to o ls; perform ing other unskilled tasks as d ire cte d by jo u r neyman. The kind of w ork the helper is p erm itted to p e rfo rm va rie s fro m trade to trade: In som e trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m aterials and to o ls and cleaning working a rea s; and in others he is perm itted to p e rfo rm sp e cia lize d m achine operation s, or parts o f a trade that are a lso p e rfo rm e d by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e b asis. 23 M ACH INE-TOOL OPERATO R, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE S p ecializes in the operation of one or m ore types o f machine to o ls, such as jig b o r e r s , cylin drical or su rface g rin d e rs, engine lath es, o r m illing m achines in the construction o f m ach ine-sh op to o ls, gauges, jig s , fix tu res, or dies* W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning and p erform in g difficult machining operations; p rocessin g item s requ irin g com plicated setups or a high degree o f accu racy; using a v a riety o f p re cis io n m easuring instrum ents; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making n e ce s s a ry adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolera n ces o r dimensions* May be req u ired to recogn ize when tools need d ressin g, to d re ss to o ls, and to se le ct p rop er coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . F or cr o s s -in d u s tr y wage study purposes, m ach ine-tool op e ra to rs, to o lro o m , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded fro m this cla ssifica tio n . R epairs m achinery or m echanical equipment o f an establish m ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow in g: Examining m achines and m echanical equipment to diagnose sou rce o f trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling m achines and perform in g rep a irs that mainly involve the use o f handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production o f a replacem ent part by a machine shop o r sending of the m achine to a machine shop for m a jor re p a irs; preparing written specification s fo r m a jor re p a irs o r for the production o f parts ord ered fro m machine shop; reassem blin g m achines; and making all n ecessary adjustments for operation . In gen eral, the w ork o f a maintenance m echanic req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship o r equivalent training and experien ce. Excluded fro m this cla ssifica tio n are w ork ers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach ines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT P ro d u ce s replacem ent parts and new parts in making rep a irs o f m etal parts o f m echanical equipment operated in an establishment* W ork in volves m ost o f the following: Interpreting written in stru c tions and sp ecifica tion s; planning and laying out o f w ork; using a v a riety o f m a ch in is t^ handtools and p recision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine to o ls; shaping o f metal parts to c lo s e tolera n ces; making standard shop com putations re la t ing to dim ensions o f w ork, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the w orking prop erties of the com m on m etals; selecting standard m a teria ls, p arts, and equipment requ ired for his w ork; fitting and assem blin g parts into m echanical equipment* In gen eral, the m a ch in ist1s w ork n orm a lly requ ires a rounded training in m achineshop p ra ctice usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. Installs new m achines o r heavy equipment and dism antles and installs m achines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are req u ired. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out o f the work; interpreting blueprints o r other specifications; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop co m putations relating to s tr e s s e s , strength o f m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good ord er power tran sm ission equipment such as d rives and speed r e d u ce rs. In general, the m illw rig h ts w ork norm ally requ ires a rounded training and exp erien ce in the trade acquired through a form al appren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and exp erien ce. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R ep a irs autom obiles, buses, m otortrucks, and tra cto rs o f an establish m en t. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source o f trouble; disassem bling equipment and p erform in g, rep airs that involve the use o f such handtools as w ren ch es, gauges, d rills , or specialized equipment in d is a ssem blin g o r fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts fro m stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the variou s a sse m b lie s in the veh icle and making n e ce ssa ry adjustm ents; alining w h eels, adjusting brakes and lights, o r tightening body b olts. In gen eral, the w ork o f the automotive m echanic req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form a l appren tice ship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. L u bricates, with o il or g re a se , the moving parts or wearing su rfaces o f m echanical equipment o f an establishm ent. PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE Paints and red ecora tes w a lls, w oodwork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface p ecu lia rities and types o f paint requ ired for different applications; preparing surface for painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty o r fille r in nail holes and in te rstice s; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper co lo r or con sisten cy. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance painter req u ires rounded training and e x p erience usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equiva lent training and exp erien ce. 24 PIPE FITTE R , MAINTENANCE SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or rep a irs w ater, steam , gas, or other types o f pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the f o l lowing: Laying out of w ork and m easuring to locate position o f pipe fro m drawings or other written sp ecification s; cutting variou s sizes o f pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with ch isel and ham m er or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting m achine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or p ow er-d riven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p re s su re s, flow , and size o f pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determ ine whether finished pipes m eet sp ecification s. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance pipefitter requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. W orkers p rim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are exclu ded. and laying out all types o f sh eet-m etal maintenance w ork fro m b lu e prints, m od els, or other specification s; setting up and operating ail available types o f sheet-m etal-w orkin g m ach ines; using a va riety o f handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and a s s e m bling; installing sheet-m etal a rticles as re q u ire d . In gen eral, the w ork o f the maintenance sheet-m etal w ork er re q u ire s rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. FLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system o f an establishm ent in good o rd e r . W ork involves: Knowledge o f sanitary codes regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plu m berrs snake. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance plum ber req u ires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l a ppren tice ship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F a bricates, in stalls, and maintains in good rep air the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lo ck e rs , tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) o f an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning Custodial and (D iem aker; jig m aker; toolm aker; fixture m aker; gauge m aker) Constructs and rep a irs m ach ine-sh op to o ls , gauges, jig s , fix tures or dies for forgin gs, punching and other m eta l-fo rm in g w ork. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out o f w ork fro m m od els, blueprints, drawings, o r other ora l and w ritten s p e c ifi cations; using a variety o f tool and die m a k e rfs handtools and p re c is io n m easuring instruments; understanding o f the working p rop erties o f com m on m etals and a lloys; setting up and operating o f m achine tools and related equipment; making n e ce s s a ry shop com putations relating to dim ensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f m achines; heattreating o f m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e to le ra n ce s; fitting and assem bling of parts to p re s cr ib e d tole ra n ce s and a llo w ances; selecting appropriate m a terials, to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In gen eral, the tool and die m a k erfs w ork re q u ires a rounded training in m ach ine-sh op and toolroom p ra ctice usually acqu ired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and e x p e rie n ce . F or cro ss-in d u stry wage study p u rp oses, to o l and die m akers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded fro m this cla ss ifica tio n . M aterial ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passen gers between flo o r s of an o ffice building, apartment house, departm ent store, hotel o r sim ilar establishm ent. W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those o f starters and jan itors are excluded. GUARD P e r fo r m s routine p olice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining o rd e r , using arm s or fo rc e where n e ce s s a r y . In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f em ployees and other p erson s enterin g. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) Cleans and keeps in an o rd e r ly condition fa cto ry working areas and w ashroom s, or p rem ises o f an o ffic e , apartm ent house, or com m e rcia l or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing flo o r s ; rem oving chips, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures o r trim m in gs; providing supplies and m inor maintenance s e rv ice s ; cleaning la v a to rie s, sh ow ers, and re s tr o o m s . W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 25 LA B O R E R, M A TER IA L HANDLING (L oader and unloader; handler and stacker; sh elver; tru ck er; stockm an or stock helper; warehouseman or w arehouse helper) A w ork er em ployed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, s to re , or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or m o re of the follow in g: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erch an dise on or from freigh t ca r s , tru ck s, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, sh elving, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in p rop er storage loca tion ; transporting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, c a r , or w h eelbarrow . Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are exclu ded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other r e c o r d s ; checking fo r shortages and rejectin g damaged goods; routing m erch an dise or m a terials to p rop er departm ents; maintaining n e ce ssa ry re c o rd s and file s . F o r wage study p u rp oses, w ork ers are cla ssifie d as follow s: R eceiving cle rk Shipping cle rk Shipping and receivin g cle rk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (O rder p ick e r; stock s elector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erch an d ise in a ccordan ce with specification s on sales slip s, c u s to m e r s 1 o r d e r s , or other instructions. M ay, in addition to filling o rd e rs and indicating item s filled or omitted, keep re co rd s of out going o r d e r s , requ isition additional stock, or rep ort short supplies to s u p e rv is o r, and p erform other related duties. D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m a te ria ls, m erch an d ise, equipment, or m en between various types of establishm ents such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w a re h ou ses, w holesale and retail establish m en ts, or between retail estab lishm ents and cu s to m e r s 1 houses or p la ces of business. May also load or unload truck with or without h e lp e rs, make m inor m echanical re p a ir s , and keep truck in good working o rd e r. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and o v e r -th e -r o a d d rivers are excluded. F o r wage study p u rp o se s, tru ck d riv ers are cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (T r a c to r -tr a ile r should be rated on the b asis o f tra ile r c a p a c ity .) PA C K E R , SHIPPING P r e p a re s finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con ta in ers, the sp ecific operations p e rform ed being dependent upon the type, siz e , and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and m ethod of shipment. Work requ ires the placing o f item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or m ore o f the follow in g: Knowledge of various item s o f stock in ord er to v e r ify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; insertin g e n closu res in container; using e x ce ls io r or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ack ers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK P r e p a re s m erchandise for shipment, or re ce iv e s and is r e sponsible for incom ing shipment of m erchandise o r other m a teria ls. Shipping w ork in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping p ro ce d u re s , p r a c t ic e s , rou te s, available means of transportation and rates; and p r e paring re c o r d s o f the goods shipped, making up b ills of lading, p o st ing weight and shipping ch a rg es, and keeping a file o f shipping re c o r d s . May d irect or a ss is t in preparing the m erchandise fo r shipment. R eceiving w ork in v o lv e s : V erifying or directing others in verifyin g the c o r r e c tn e s s of shipments against bills of lading, in v o ic e s, or T ru ck d river T ru ck d riv e r, T ru ck d riv e r, T ru ck d riv e r, T ru ck d riv e r, (com bination of size s listed separately) light (under IV2 tons] m edium ( 1V2 to and including 4 tons) heavy (over 4 ton s, tra ile r type) heavy (over 4 ton s, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a m anually con trolled ga solin e- or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tra cto r to transport goods and m aterials o f all kinds about a w areh ou se, manufacturing plant, o r other establishm ent. F o r wage study p u rp o se s, w ork ers are cla ssifie d by type of truck , as follow s: T ru ck e r, pow er (forklift) T ru ck e r, pow er (other than fork lift) WATCHMAN M akes rounds o f p re m ise s p e rio d ica lly in protecting property against fir e , theft, and illega l entry. ft U. S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 0 —374793
