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87th C o n gre ss, 1st S e ssio n H ou se Docum ent No. 239, Pt. 38 Occupational Wage Survey DETROIT, MICHIGAN JANUARY 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-38 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey D ETRO IT, MICHIGAN JANUARY 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-38 April 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clogue, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, W ashington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually conducts occupational wage surveys in 82 labor markets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report furnishing trend data and average earnings is released within a month of the completion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the preliminary report. Two bulletins, bringing together the results of all of the area surveys, are issued after completion of the final area bulletin in the current round of surveys. The first of these bulletins will be available late in 1962 and the other early in 1963. During the survey year, summary releases presenting areawide occupational earnings data for 25 to 30 labor markets, are issued as data become available. This bulletin was prepared in the Bureaufs re gional office in Chicago, 111. , by Marvin Glick, under the direction of Elliott A. Browar. The study was under the general direction of Woodrow C. Linn, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends for selected occupational groups _______________________ 1 3 Tables: 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey ___________ 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups (new series) ___________________________ 3. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups (old series) ____________ 2 4 4 A: Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and women ____________________ A -2. Professional and technical occupations—men and women ____________________ _____________________ A-3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—men and women combined ________________ A-4. Maintenance and powerplant occupations _______________ A -5. Custodial and material movement occupations __________ 10 12 13 Appendixes: A. Changes in occupational descriptions —_______________________ B. Occupational descriptions ____________________________________ 17 19 * NOTE: Similar tabulations for these items and also tabulations on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are available in previous area reports .for Detroit and for other major areas. A directory indicating the areas, dates of study, and prices of these reports is available upon request. Current reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices in the Detroit area are also available for the machinery industries (May 1961), contract cleaning services (August 1961), and paints and varnishes (May 1961). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. iii 5 9 Occupational Wage Survey— Detroit, Mich, Introduction are presented (in the A-series tables) for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and power plant; and (d) custodial and material movement. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U.S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis. The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i . e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hour* are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. In each area, data are obtained from representative establish ments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transpor tation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed.; Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within, the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data 1 2 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Detroit, Mich., Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division All divisions __ _ _____________ „ Number of establishments Within scope of study1 3 2 Studied Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied 282 594, 900 449, 170 100 “ 446 684 99 183 398,200 196,700 317, 680 131, 490 100 50 100 50 50 66 171 109 149 189 29 31 34 40 49 45,700 22,700 71,000 30,900 26,400 38, 240 8, 890 56,000 18,720 9, 640 1, 130 —— M anufacturing_____________________________________ — .. ----- ----Nonmanufacturing __ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities45 _____ „___ ^____________________ Wholesale trade —----;______________________ _____ Retail trade _ _ ------- ----------- — Finance, insurance, and real estate _____________ S e r v i c e s ------- --------------- --------------------------------- by major industry division, 2 January 1962 1 The Detroit Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne Counties. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958)"are the transfer of milk pasteuri zation plants and ready-mixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum-size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, ailto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Detroit's transit system is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study. 5 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Wage Trends (or Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The per centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine opera-tors, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; me chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled—janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series (table 2). This series initiated with the expansion of the labor market wage survey programs to 82 areas will replace the old series shown in table 3. Changes in the jobs surveyed and job descriptions since the start of the old series called for a reexamination of the jobs and job groupings for which trends were to be computed. The new series covers the same job groupings as the earlier series with the following exceptions: The women clerical group is replaced by an office clerical group (men and women) and the industrial nurse category includes both men and women. Changes were also made in the jobs included within job group ings in order that an identical list could be employed in all areas. 4 Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups (new series) in Detroit, Mich., January 1961 to January 1962, and January 1960 to January 1961 Percent increases from— January 1961 to January 1962 January I960 to January 1961 All industries: Office clerical (men and women) __ __ - _____ _ Industrial nurses (men and women) ---------------------Skilled maintenance (m e n )_______________________ Unskilled plant ( m e n )-----------—___________________ 2.5 3.3 1.9 1.8 3.1 4.4 4.4 4.8 Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women) ------------------------Industrial nurses (men and w om en )______________ Skilled maintenance (men) _______________________ Unskilled plant (men) . . . __ ____ . 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 3.8 5.3 4.5 4.7 Industry and occupational group Table 3. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups (old series) in Detroit, Mich., for selected periods Percent increases from— Industry and occupational group January 1961 to January 1962 January I960 to January 1961 January 1959 to January I960 October 1955 to January 1959 October 1953 to October 1955 December 1951 to October 1953 All industries: Office clerical (w o m e n )______________________________ Industrial nurses (women) - — __ __ _ _ _ Skilled maintenance (m e n )------------------------------------------Unskilled plant (men) _ _ __ _ __ ____ _ 1.9 2.8 1.9 1.7 2.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.1 4.1 3.0 3.4 19.8 20.2 17.0 15.8 7.5 7.9 8.3 6.2 11.8 10.2 11.0 10.0 Manufacturing: Office clerical (w o m e n )_______________________________ Industrial nurses (w om en)___ _ __ _____ _ Skilled maintenance (m e n )____________________________ Unskilled plant (men) __________ ___________ __________ 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.8 3.8 4.9 4.3 4.7 3.9 4.0 3.1 3.2 23.3 20.7 17.2 17.6 7.1 7.9 8.1 6.4 12.0 10.1 11.1 8.0 A: Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , D etroit, M ich, January 1962) Average Sex, occupation, and in du stry d iv isio n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly. Weekly , 35.00 40.00 *45.00 *50.00 55.00 *60.00 *65.00 *70.00 75.00 80.00 *85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 *40.00 *150.00 earnings hours and and (Standard) (Standard) under 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 over Men _ . _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 2 2 _ 1 3 3 _ 2 7 3 4 _ 1 14 8 6 _ - 22 6 16 8 2 30 8 22 4 7 47 18 29 7 10 42 19 23 7 3 76 45 31 8 15 128 99 29 5 2 115 90 25 8 16 101 90 11 9 2 270 233 37 15 17 288 232 56 6 50 69 51 18 8 8 2 6 _ _ _ _ - 6 6 1 3 1 _ 1 _ - 12 12 2 _ _ _ - 6 2 4 2 2 _ _ _ - 3 3 _ 1 33 33 15 12 54 34 20 12 2 27 10 17 5 2 32 13 19 10 6 19 15 4 19 15 4 _ - 6 5 1 _ 1 25 22 3 2 11 9 2 2 1 12 8 4 _ - 7 7 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 _ 14 14 24 1 23 _ 18 _ _ _ - 9 9 9 2 _ 2 2 2 _ 2 - 43 24 19 18 92 9 83 78 106 52 54 51 44 _ 44 42 39 4 35 21 25 8 17 17 43 23 20 20 98 67 31 31 72 33 39 39 57 18 39 4 39 1 1 1 - 2 2 7 1 4 1 10 10 10 10 20 5 14 8 6 _ - 18 4 14 4 8 - 37 3 34 _ 29 4 58 11 47 7 15 24 97 44 53 18 17 13 47 16 31 4 13 5 31 20 11 2 1 7 56 44 12 _ 5 5 31 26 5 _ 5 - 27 24 3 3 _ - 28 21 7 7 _ - 14 11 3 1 _ 2 3 3 _ _ _ - 9 8 1 1 10 10 69.00 75. 00 62.00 67. 50 59. 50 63.00 _ _ . - 21 20 _ 27 26 _ 21 19 _ _ 33 30 . _ 7 7 _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ - 23 15 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 123.50 126.00 114.00 - _ - _ - _ - . - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 1 _ 1 4 _ 4 4 _ 4 6 4 2 5 1 4 33 20 13 27 13 14 89 70 19 58 53 5 35 24 11 68 61 7 20 18 2 14 14 467 291 176 28 74 40. 0 4 0 .0 39.5 4 0 .0 39.0 102.50 108.00 93. 50 110.00 86. 50 - _ _ _ - . _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 1 _ 1 _ 1 4 _ 4 _ 4 6 1 5 35 2 33 _ 21 27 8 19 42 22 20 _ 7 58 39 19 6 5 96 75 21 12 2 30 27 3 2 27 20 7 3 1 18 14 4 4 2 2 9 39 15 24 _ 12 65 62 3 4 17 4 13 1 8 _ _ _ 201 111 90 39.5 40. 0 3 9.5 89. 50 94. 50 '8 4 .0 0 - - - - 5 5 9 9 11 _ 11 12 _ 12 15 7 8 12 3 9 27 20 7 24 15 9 34 24 10 28 21 7 9 4 5 14 11 3 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - B ille r s , m achine (b illin g m achine) ____ M anufacturing ___ _ _ ___ Nonmanufac turing ____________ __ _____ P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________ 214 96 118 52 _29JL . 4 0 .0 38.5 39.0 77. 50 78. 50 76. 50 83.50 - _ _ - 4 4 . 8 1 7 12 6 6 16 5 11 34 13 21 6 5 3 3 1 1 _ 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10 16 5 11 - 27 17 10 9 28 9 19 - 18 10 8 7 14 5 9 - 27 12 15 4 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) — ------ -----N onm anufacturing __ _ _ _ _ _ R etail trade -------------------------- ------- —161 121 39 .5 3 9.5 4 0 .0 65.50 61.50 56.50 _ _ - 6 6 6 13 13 19 19 13 13 13 13 30 25 17 17 5 16 16 6 17 7 5 17 17 1 9 _ _ _ - _ _ _ 3 10 88.00 _ - _ _ _ ■ _ • _ _ _ - 53 45 29 24 5 4 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A ________ __ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___ ______ ___________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------Pu blic u tilities 2 ___________________ W holesale trade ___________________ 1, 214 902 312 77 137 .-19. 5 4 0 .0 39.0 4 0 .0 3 9.5 $128.50 131.50 119.50 118. 00 127.00 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing _________ __ ____ N onm anufacturing ____ _______ W holesale trade ___________________ F in a n ce 3 _____________________ 304 141 163 54 54 J .? ,5 4 0 .0 38.5 39.5 3 7.5 93. 50 105. 00 83. 50 87.00 77. 50 C le r k s , o r d e r ____________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________ W holesale trade ----------------------------- 647 238 409 381 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 120.00 125. 50 117.00 117.50 C le r k s , pa y roll ____________ ____________ M anufacturing _____ _________________ 206 165 3 9.5 4 0 .0 119.50 123.00 O ffice boys ________________________ ___ M anufacturing ___-______ ____ ____ N onm anufacturing ____ ______ _ Pu blic u tilities 2 ______ ___ _________ F in a n ce 3 _________ __ ___________ S e r v ic e s __ ______ __ ___________ 465 239 226 46 93 60 39 .0 3 9.5 38.5 39.5 38.5 3 7.0 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A ________ _____ M anufacturing ________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______ ______________ ^64 278 86 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B _____ __________ _ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing — _________ _____ P u blic u tilities 2 _____________ F in a n ce 3 __ _____ ______________ T a bulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s C --------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ____ _____ ____ __ __ N onm anufacturing _____ __________ ____ l - _ _ 1 9 _ W om en B ook keeping-m ach ine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A — ______ _________ ___ __ __ M anufacturing ___ __ __ ____ Nonm anufacturing — ___ Finance 3 ____ ,___ See footnotes at end of table, 72 498 197 301 174 29 a..5 4 0 .0 39 .5 3 9 .5 97.00 82.50 7 6.00 2 - 3 15 29 64 61 47 14 74 3 15 14 28 23 63 41 59 45 33 41 15 1 1 2 30 33 12 41 29 12 8 _ _ _ _ _ - 27 24 13 3 3 10 _ _ _ 24 13 11 _ 14 _ _ _ _ - - 4 1 13 4 - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Avkragb Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers S S $ S 5 $ % S s S S S t 1 $ $ I $ f S $ Weekly Weekly . 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 V 5.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 hours1 earnings1 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 ov er W omen— Continued B ookkeeping-m ach ine o p era to rs, cla s s B _______________ _________________ M anufacturing _____ ________ __________ N onm anufacturing ___ ________ _______ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __ _ __ __ __ W holesale t r a d e _________ ____ R etail trade ______ _______ ________ F in a n ce 3 _______ ____ _________ S erv ices ____ __ ________ __ 1,563 372 1,191 32 134 103 836 86 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.5 39.5 38.0 $70 .00 82.00 66.50 88.00 77.50 59.00 63.00 83.00 _ _ _ - _ _ _ " 39 39 28 11 - 101 8 93 7 14 72 ’ 228 21 207 _ 9 190 8 358 30 328 20 23 285 - 210 26 184 12 20 143 9 144 37 107 7 12 2 66 20 120 49 71 26 2 40 3 84 31 53 21 3 17 12 67 58 9 _ 6 3 75 25 50 20 12 1 5 12 51 34 17 3 12 1 1 - 52 36 16 2 12 _ 2 23 12 11 _ _ 11 5 5 _ _ _ - 3 3 _ _ _ 3 3 3 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ - - C lerk s, accounting, c la s s A ___________ M anufacturing ____ ____ _ _ ___ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 __________________ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade _ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ F in a n ce 3 _ __________ !____ _ _____ ________ . _______ _ S e rv ice s 932 354 578 139 64 125 112 138 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.0 38.5 38.5 101.00 113.50 93.00 100.00 108.00 83.50 91.00 90.00 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 1 1 _ 1 - 6 6 _ 6 _ - 2 2 _ 2 - 29 29 1 9 7 12 27 27 4 3 5 1 14 93 93 4 1 41 30 17 54 8 46 _ 18 12 16 56 2 54 14 14 8 5 13 76 25 51 9 _ 6 12 24 117 42 75 44 1 _ 15 15 96 51 45 24 _ 8 4 9 75 31 44 19 7 3 8 7 69 25 44 9 8 12 15 - 54 36 18 7 6 5 _ - 61 50 11 1 7 1 _ 2 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s B __ ______ __ ______ M anufacturing ______________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______ __ ____ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 __________________ W holesale t r a d e _____ ____ __ _ R etail trade ______________________ F in a n ce 3 _ __ ____ __ __ __ _ S e rv ice s __ _____ _ __ __ __ __ 1,906 390 1,516 286 171 524 283 252 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 38.0 38.5 74.00 87.00 70.50 82.50 78.50 62.00 70.00 69.50 218 18 200 7 1 68 66 58 244 23 221 30 3 70 46 72 322 46 276 38 71 65 43 59 192 41 151 50 30 29 12 30 141 47 94 23 21 36 8 6 170 55 115 73 _ 7 32 3 87 21 66 21 17 1 17 10 44 21 23 8 5 _ 7 3 76 35 41 36 1 _ 2 2 5 3 2 _ 2 _ _ - 88.00 "?8.00 70.00 6 6 6 15 15 15 6 6 6 12 12 11 17 17 10 22 22 19 36 36 9 18 16 - 10 10 2 11 1 1 118 10 1 46 35 11 11 _ _ _ - 27 27 _ _ _ _ - 39.5 39.6 39.0 79 9 70 _ 70 _ - 148 5 143 9 96 29 9 274 154 80 7 7 _ . 7 _ _ - 96 96 _ 75 21 - C lerk s, file , c la s s A 5 __________________ N onm anufacturing _ __ F in a n ce 3 _ ____________________ 1 1 - C lerk s, file , c la s s B 5 __ __ __ __ _ M anufacturing — __ ____ __ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ P u blic u tilities 2 __________________ W holesale trade __ _ __ _ R etail trade _ ____ ___________ _ _____ ______ F in a n ce 3 ____ 852 174 678 66 73 162 268 39.5 40.0 39.5 38.0 40.0 40.5 39.0 63.50 79.50 59.00 72.00 66.50 58.00 58.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 18 18 _ _ 18 - 168 168 9 20 51 67 67 _ _ 2 63 93 8 85 _ 9 23 51 174 9 165 18 17 81 46 116 37 79 24 6 10 28 86 42 44 7 11 6 20 47 16 31 7 19 1 4 17 8 9 2 _ 1 3 6 4 2 _ _ _ 2 11 7 4 3 1 _ - C lerk s, file , cla s s C 5 __________________ M anufacturing _____ _ _____________ Nonm anufacturing _______ __ _________ P u b lic u tilities 2 __________________ W holesale t r a d e __________________ F in a n ce 3 _ __ __ 635 151 484 50 91 205 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 39.0 59.50 66.00 57.00 70.50 57.50 58.00 11 11 _ - 42 42 13 1 25 25 _ 7 111 2 109 17 55 111 6 105 17 64 219 109 110 8 30 56 66 7 59 23 14 18 31 16 15 11 _ 4 4 2 2 2 _ - 2 2 2 _ - 7 3 4 4 - 6 6 _ - 28 25 3 2 1 _ _ - 12 10 2 2 _ _ _ _ - 6 5 1 1 _ _ _ _ - 3 5 _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 60 38 22 _ 13 _ 3 6 1 1 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - 42 56 6 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - C lerk s, o r d e r _____________ _____________ M anufacturing — Nonm anufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W holesale t r a d e _____ _________ ___ R etail t r a d e _____ ___ _____________ 431 141 290 158 90 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 72.00 64.00 67.00 73.50 53.50 46 8 38 23 8 25 8 17 6 10 28 2 26 20 4 '55 16 39 37 2 57 44 13 11 - 15 14 1 - 11 5 6 6 - 18 9 9 5 - 19 9 10 - 12 6 6 5 1 5 2 3 3 - 2 2 _ _ - 4 1 3 3 - 2 2 2 - 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.5 40.0 38.5 91.00 98.50 79.00 84.00 68.00 83.00 33 33 27 11 1 10 4 " 61 13 48 37 8 863 533 330 72 93 73 21 21 21 _ _ _ 14 14 8 C lerk s, p ayroll _ M anufacturing ------------------ — ^W^T.—T.mnr N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ______ _____ _______ P u blic u tilities 2 R etail t r a d e ______ ________________ S e r v ic e . ----------------------------------------- 1 1 1 _ _ . - 27 1 26 _ 17 3 30 TT~ 18 2 9 7 41 4 37 10 6 12 66 22 44 5 17 4 76 22 54 17 22 10 115 87 28 7 4 5 66 34 32 11 4 3 46 37 9 1 1 4 103 92 11 9 1 " 74 47 27 1 25 42 28 14 3 - 50 44 6 6 _ - 35 33 2 _ - 22 21 1 1 _ - 23 21 2 _ See footnotes at end of table. - 7 . 7 7 - _______1 _ _ _ _ - _ - 2 2 _ _ - 8 7 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ « _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 6 3 3 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 29 27 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women----Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a sis by industry division , D etroit, M ich. , January 1962) Average Sex, occu p ation , and industry d iv isio n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF * $ $ Weekly, Weekly , i s . oo 1 0 .0 0 I s . 00 *50. 00 $55. 00 i o . 00 i s . 00 70. 00 7 5.00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 $130.00 *40.00 *150.00 hours 1 earnings 1 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 40.00 4 5 .0 0 50.00 3 5 . 00 6 0 .0 0 65.0 0 70.00 7 5 .0 0 8 0.00 8 5 .0 0 90.0 0 9 5.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 over W om en — Continued 147 "68 79 4 9 16 4 102 49 53 3 32 13 5 79 49 30 3 15 5 3 141 102 39 7 25 5 2 71 44 27 9 15 3 - 135 109 26 16 3 7 - 146 126 20 8 4 8 149 133 16 2 14 - 50 49 1 1 - 21 21 - . - . - - . - 1 - 11 7 3 3 9 6 5 5 1 9 9 10 10 - - - - - - - - 8 8 1 - 32 32 7 13 4 129 129 6 35 84 54 3 51 12 32 2 58 23 35 12 10 - 48 15 33 13 13 5 49 26 23 10 11 - 115 56 59 49 3 108 62 46 38 4 - 61 55 6 6 _ 36 36 - - . - _ - " •• - - 8 8 - 59 59 _ 15 35 76 9 67 6 10 19 32 100 24 76 32 2 9 30 115 26 89 22 22 12 23 143 89 54 15 26 4 9 108 42 66 23 16 3 22 140 121 19 4 7 5 3 93 85 8 2 2 2 129 96 33 32 1 - 122 98 24 18 6 - 86 82 4 4 - 78 58 20 20 - _ - . - . _ - _ - - _ - - _ _ - 62 62 26 30 40 40 5 26 46 4 42 4 4 28 1 27 5 “ 3 2 1 " 3 $ - 17 16 1 * 2 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - - _ - _ - _ - - 2 2 - . - - 35 33 2 - _ - . - _ - _ _ 123 4 119 8 19 55 37 83 262 135 2 — TT~ ----- Z T 241 81 119 12 21 9 _ 15 15 42 41 13 24 53 101 12 20 63 366 68 298 14 33 48 103 100 412 65 347 39 48 31 106 123 443 182 261 66 19 21 70 85 497 2T0 247 52 21 33 80 61 651 505 146 34 26 4 25 57 697 “ W 116 29 30 1 27 29 697 577 120 44 22 8 12 34 559 s frr 52 2 20 4 3 23 282 2 l8 64 36 6 2 5 15 319 _ . - 44 44 4 8 24 8 29 29 3 24 2 120 14 106 6 95 5 234 74 160 5 32 26 81 16 206 94 112 21 7 17 59 g 299 104 195 26 10 21 33 105 1 1 - 2 2 2 ■ 3 3 3 12 12 9 3 24 2 22 13 9 53 4 49 24 24 4 4 4 - 10 10 7 - 27 9 18 14 1 - " 12 8 - 5 - 10 - 89.00 100.50 82.00 92. 50 77.00 73. 50 . - - _ _ _ - 7 7 4 - 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 85. 50 92. 50 75. 50 82.00 85.00 67.00 67.00 _ - . - 1 1 1 11 4 7 7 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 39. 5 64.50 88. 00 57.00 52. 50 53.00 - 5 5 5 - 20 20 11 9 S e c r e ta r ie s ______ ___ _ _ 3 9 .5 5,789 M anufacturing __ _ ___ „ __ "3 ,4 7 8 " 40. 0 N onm anufacturing ____________________ 2,311 3 8 .5 P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 3 9 .0 386 W h olesa le t r a d e ______ __ ___ 271 4 0 .0 R etail trade _ __ __ __ 4 0 .0 276 F inane e 3 __ ______ 694 3 8 .5 S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------------684 3 7 .0 107.50 116.06 95.00 103.00 102.00 87.0 0 89.00 96.00 _ . - _ - _ - • - _ - _ - 2 2 2 - - - - C om ptom eter op e r a to r s _________________ M anufacturing __ __ ___ N onm anufacturing __ __ ____ ___ P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________ W h olesale trad e ____ — ____ ___ R etail trade ________________________ F in a n ce 3 __ ___ ____ _____ 1,255 798 457 59 128 136 68 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 39. 5 3 9.5 $ 86 .50 93.50 75.00 89. 50 85.00 66.00 70.00 __ ___ 76 50 39. 5 40. 0 75. 50 82.50 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A 5 __________ M anufacturing. _________ ______________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ P u blic u tilities 2 ___________________ F inane e 3 __ _________________________ S e r v ic e s __________________________ _ 713 284 429 153 123 98 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9.0 K eypunch o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B 5 _____ _____ M anufacturing -------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________ __ ___ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 ____ ___ _ _ __ W h olesale t r a d e ____ ____ R etail trade _ _______ ____________ ______ __________ F in a n ce 3 ____ 1,261 734 527 154 116 67 164 O ffice g ir ls _________ _______________ ______ M anufacturing __ N onm anufacturing ____________________ R etail trade ________________________ F in a n ce 3 ___ __ __ ___ 265 64 201 56 69 D u plicatin g-m a ch in e op era tors (M im eograph o r D itto) __ ______ M anufacturing _ S ten ogra p h ers, gen era l 5 ________________ M anufacturing N onm anufacturing P u blic u tilities 2 ____________________ W h olesale trade ____ ____ _______ R etail trade _________________ ______ F inan ce 3 ____________________ _______ S erv irp s 3,044 1,791 1,253 287 283 97 371 215 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 9.0 85.0 0 90.50 7 7.00 90.50 8 4.00 6 8.50 6 6.00 73. 00 Sten ograp h ers, s e n i o r 5 _________________ M anufacturing __ __ N onm anufacturing __ ___ F in a n ce 3 _ ______ S e r v ic e s _______________ ____________ 2 ,562 2,037 525 178 193 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 6 .0 97.50 100.00 88 .0 0 79. 50 8 6.00 See footnotes at end of table, - 52 50 9 ------- T 41 45 2 1 1 24 17 16 16 71 zr~ 48 5 8 21 13 - 265 145 120 12 31 8 31 38 306 124 182 15 102 7 35 23 447 349 98 29 40 _ 11 1ft xo 248 190 58 39 15 2 2 202 127 75 62 8 5 - 363 298 65 56 9 - 177 152 25 15 10 _ - 136 112 24 5 19 - 8 6 2 2 - _ . - 1 1 _ - 92 94 28 66 28 36 411 328 83 38 34 294 254 40 11 18 419 $41 78 3 51 439 399 40 6 7 336 277 59 - 223 215 8 - I ll 109 2 “ 25 25 “ 23 23 - a 60 40 11 43 16 11 5 11 - 44 175 "T 5 9 ” — T T 6 7 5 1 1 6 _ - _ . - 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women----Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly, Weekly! earnings hours (Standard) (Standard) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ *35.00 <10.00 45.00 *50.00 *55.00 *60.00 *65.00 *70.00 *75.00 *80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 *20.00 125.00 *30.00 140.00 150.00 and and under 40.00 45.00 50.00 _55,00_ 60.00 65.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90v00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 over h?o-oo Women—Continued 39.5 $80.50 95.00 39.5 71.00 39.5 93.00 40.0 83.50 40.0 40.0 63.00 38.5 72.00 39.0 63.00 Switchboard operators ______________ Manufacturing __ __ _____________ Nonmanufacturing -----------------------Public utilities 1 2 ____________ _________ Wholesale trade ________________________ Retail trade ______________________________ Finance34 5 __________________________________ Services --------------------------------- 1, 016 387 629 67 88 149 148 177 Switchboard operator.-receptionists __ Manufacturing ___________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________ Public utilities 2 ______________________ _ Wholesale trade ________________________ Finance3 ________________________ _______ Services ------------------------------------------------------- 770 380 390 39 139 102 76 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 38.5 39.0 75.00 78.00 71.50 75.50 72.00 70.00 70.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class A ___________ ____ _____________________ . . Manufacturing _______________________________ 71 55 40.0 40.0 118.50 118.00 Tabulating-machine operators, class B ............................ .................... Manufacturing ___________________ Nonmanufacturing ___ _ __________ 148 70 78 39.5 40.0 39.0 Tabulating-machine operators, class C _________ ___ ________ _____ 68 Transcribing-machine operators, general ____________ _____________________________ Manufacturing __ ___________________ _____ Nonmanufacturing _________________________ Finance3 ----------------------------------------------------- 10 114 61 114 61 _ _ - - - - - 10 - - - 10 - - - - - - 17 2 95 16 12 33 5 _ _ 22 12 - _ - _ 5 - - 5 _ - - - 22 4 9 12 _ 9 3 9 - 90 1 89 38 2 36 - - 1 53 29 6 3 14. 19 91 28 63 1 35 16 5 - no50 60 7 7 28 9 91 25 66 2 18 27 17 2 72 10 62 2 12 3 40 5 80 30 50 4 12 14 14 92 51 41 1 21 2 9 8 146 80 66 2 26 17 19 114 62 52 10 19 14 - 131 79 52 5 31 15 - 6 - - - - - - - - - - - “ - - - - - - - - 98.50 109.00 89.50 - _ - _ 9 2 - - - 39.0 84.50 - 477 196 281 150 39.5 40.0 39.0 38.5 76.00 84.00 70.50 69.00 - Typists, class A ________________________________ Manufacturing _______________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________ Public utilities2 ______________ Wholesale trade _______________ Retail trade ______________________________ _________ Finance3 ____ ______________ Services ________________________ ________ 1,974 1, 275 699 198 69 53 254 125 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 39.0 37.0 89.5094.50 80.00 88.50 95.00 72.50 70.50 81.00 Typists, class B _________________________________ Manufacturing __________ _______ Nonmanufacturing _____________ __ Public utilities 2 ______________ Wholesale trade _______________ Retail trade ______________________________ Finance3 ___ _______________________________ 3, 343 1,494 1,849 140 248 247 907 307 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.0 39.5 40.5 38.5 39.0 72.50 83.00 64.00 74.00 74.50 59.00 60.50 64.50 S e r v i c e . ------------------------------------------------------- 85 40 45 33 2 1 5 4 84 64 20 8 2 55 19 36 6 2 2 26 47 32 15 4 9 1 - 13 13 - 1 - 1 1 2 1 ' - 1 9 _ _ 134 102 32 17 15 47 47 . _ _ - 15 8 7 3 2 1 - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - 1 - - - " - 4 4 4 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 1 - 15 14 17 13 10 9 4 2 14 9 1 1 " 3 3 - 2 2 _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - _ 2 - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 9 2 10 15 3 12 21 8 13 19 14 5 18 16 2 18 12 6 11 11 - 20 1 19 10 - - - 2 1 2 7 7 6 8 15 2 7 2 5 3 1 _ - 11 38 67 8 3 5 2 30 27 3 1 24 21 3 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 18 9 6 _ _ 31 5 26 14 _ - 42 26 16 7 1 - - - - 12 - 24 218 170 48 32 14 1 558 473 85 45 40 64 58 6 2 _ 22 21 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 215 154 61 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - ' - - _ - _ _ _ _ “ _ - 29 - - - 29 . -• 29 _ - ~ 41 - 41 - 22 19 " - - 11 11 38 17 67 41 70 20 50 26 12 24 90 16 74 2 _ 10 57 5 107 13 94 25 16 33 20 119 33 86 12 5 11 32 26 113 43 70 13 2 3 46 6 126 47 79 23 5 34 17 306 247 59 26 3 11 15 4 581 104 477 33 33 54 313 419 171 248 30 36 234 116 118 17 26 12 37 26 362 226 136 14 63 266 148 118 24 65 11 244 217 27 11 1 2 _ 12 204 21 183 _ 18 163 2 - _ 1 23 462 15 447 - 11 50 234 152 - 44 44 111 27 76 52 50 “ 25— 26 26 17 8 5 25 29 _ _ 4 18 9 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - 4 - - - - 194 179 15 9 6 136 132 4 90 85 5 2 2 53 52 1 23 23 5 5 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ 2 42 _ _ 4 _ 1 - 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Workers were distributed as follows: 16 at $ 150 to $ 160; 23 at $ 160 and over. 5 Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. 15 13 2 - _ _ 1 _ _ ”, - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- A verage Sex, occu p ation , and in du stry d iv isio n Number at workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly. Weekly t Under 75.00 *80.00 *85.00 *90.00 *95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 *40.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 *00.00 210.00 ^20.00 hours earnings and and $ (Standard) (Standard) under 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 140.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 200.00 210.00 220.00 over Men D ra ftsm en, l e a d e r ----------------------------------M anufacturing 612 568 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $194.00 195.50 D raftsm en, s e n i o r ------------ ------ ---------------M a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing _ ----— __ P u blic u tilities 1 2 _ 3__________________ 3.117 2,756 361 108 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 160.50 162.00 151.50 139.50 D raftsm en, ju n ior — -----------M a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------N onm anufacturing — -----------P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 ___ — ------------ -------- 1.622 1,310 312 46 261 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 125.50 128.00 114.50 110.00 114.50 5 2 4 _________ 124 4 0 .0 88. 50 332 ------------------- 419 370 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 109.50 110. 50 S e r v ic e s ---------------------------------------------------------T racers ____ ____ ____ ______ - - 6 6 21 20 1 “ 27 19 8 2 73 64 9 6 100 32 34 14 20 72 43 29 14 15 77 76 1 1 - 26 19 11 5 1 36 28 57 51 75 71 83 80 52 47 - - “ " - ~ ■ - - - - - - - - - - - - ‘ " - ‘ ■ ■ ■ 2 58 35 23 7 72 4 46 - 3 26 68 48 20 78 40 38 l - - 1 6 3 - 23 2 2 24 18 7 4 19 2 17 12 10 9 2 ' 66 - 8 8 8 8 5 4 19 9 64 40 145 138 127 126 82 82 117 116 85 52 33 26 55 35 20 10 209 180 29 16 439 393 46 19 569 520 49 9 591 463 128 20 508 496 12 ■ 278 269 9 169 163 6 - 86 81 5 - 5 2 - 1 1 - 170 130 40 159 146 13 1 12 222 205 17 367 321 46 138 120 18 22 4 - 12 42 11 10 1 - 40 W om en N u rses, in du stria l (re g is te r e d ) M anufacturing ___ . . . _ 9 3 9 54 54 10 5 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Workers were distributed as follows: 9 at $50 to $55; 6 at $ 55 to $60; 6 at $60 to $65; 4 at $65 to $70; 7 at $70 to $75. 5 “ 31 ~TY— 22 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 18 - - - - - - - - 10 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, M ich ., January 1962) Average weekly j earning* (Standard) O ccupation and industry d ivision B illers , m achine (billin g m achine) — M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing Pu blic u tilities 2 96 128 62 $ 7 7 .5 0 78. 50 7 7 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) Nonmanufacturing , R etail t r a d e ___ 161 121 72 65. 50 61.5 0 56.50 198 302 174 97. 50 8 2 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ Pu blic u tilities 2 W holesale trade R etail t r a d e ____ F in a n ce 3 _______ S e rv ice s ___ . 581 372 1,209 33 135 103 843 95 70. 00 8 2 .0 0 66.5 0 88.5 0 77. 50 59.00 6 3 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s A . M anufacturing ^Nonmanufacturing . Pu blic u tilities 2 ____ W holesale trade ____ R etail trade F in a n ce 3 __ S e r v i c e s __ 2, 146 1,256 890 216 201 155 137 181 116.50 126.00 102.50 106.50 121.00 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s B M a n u fa ctu rin g ____________ Nonmanufacturing Pu blic u tilities 2 W holesale trade R etail trade F inance 3 S erv ices 2 . 210 531 1,679 306 225 528 337 283 7 6 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 72 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 6 2.00 71 .5 0 71 .5 0 C lerk s, file , c la s s A 4 N onm anufacturing —, F in a n ce 3 309 161 84 C lerks, file , c la s s B 4 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Pu blic u tilities 2 W holesale trade R etail t r a d e ____ F inance 3 864 180 684 70 73 162 270 See footnotes at end of table, Number of worker* Average weekly j earnings (Standard) 8 8 .5 0 9 2 .0 0 9 7 .0 0 C le rk s, file , c la s s C 4 M a n u fa ctu rin g -----N onm anufacturing . Public u tilities 2 W holesale trade F in a n ce 3 __ — 639 152 487 51 91 207 $59.50 66.00 57.00 70.50 57.50 58.00 C le rk s , o r d e r _____ M a n u fa ctu rin g ___ Nonmanufacturing .. W holesale trade Retail trade 1. 078 379 699 539 90 101.00 109.50 96.50 104.50 53.50 C le rk s, p a y r o l l __ M anufacturing , Nonmanufacturing , P ublic u tilities 2 ___ W holesale trade __________ Retail trade _______________ Finance 3 S e rv ice s . 1. 069 698 371 92 60 93 50 76 96. 50 104.00 82.00 90.00 88. 50 68.00 82.00 83.50 C om ptom eter o p e ra to rs M a n u fa ctu rin g __ N onm anufacturing — Pu blic u tilities 2 W holesale trade Retail t r a d e ____ Finance 3 1. 262 803 459 59 128 136 70 87.00 93.50 75. 50 89.50 85. 00 66.00 70.50 110 63 75.00 83.00 721 D uplicating-m ach ine o p e ra to rs (M im eograph o r Ditto) M a n u fa ctu rin g _______ Number of worker* Occupation and industry division Average weekly . earning*1 (Standard) Office occupations— Continued O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations B ookkeeping-m achine op e ra to rs , M anufacturing . Nonmanufacturing F in a n ce 3 _____ O ccupation and in du stry division 8 9 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 70. 50 Keypunch o p e ra to rs , c la s s A 4 M anufacturing . N onm anufacturing .. Pu blic u tilitie s 2 F in a n ce 3 __ S e rv ice s 429 153 123 98 89.00 100.00 82.00 92.50 77.00 73.50 63 .5 0 80 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 5 8.00 5 8.00 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s B 4 M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing , P ublic u tilities 2 W holesale trade Retail trade , Finance 3 1.265 738 527 154 116 67 164 85.50 92.50 75.50 82.00 85.00 67.00 67.00 292 Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities 2 __________________________ Retail t r a d e ____ ___________________ _______ Finance3 ------- ----------- __ --------- — - - — -----S ervices ------------- ---- --------------- — — — ---------- ------------- — 730 303 427 106 71 162 60 $67. 50 78.00 59. 50 65. 00 53.00 57. 00 63.00 Seeretaries . . M ..... ....._ Manufacturing ----------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _ __ __________ — — — — — Public utilities2 ______________________________________ Wholesale trade _______________________________________ Retail trade _____ _ --------- - ------- — - Finance3 __ __ _ __ . . . . . . .. .. . Services ---------- ------------------------ —--------- —------------------------ 5.816 3,492 2,324 395 271 276 694 688 107.50 116.00 95. 00 103. 50 102.00 87. 00 89. 00 96. 00 Stenographers, general4 Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ Public utilities2 -----------------------------------------------------------Wholesale tra d e _______________________________________ ---------— . — — Retail trade . . . . . Finance3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------S ervices ---------------------------------- —---------------------------- —— - 3.054 1,797 1,257 287 287 97 371 215 85. 00 90. 50 77. 00 90. 50 84.00 68. 50 66.00 73. 00 Stenographers, senior4 . ....... ___ ___ . . . . . . Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Finance 3 _________________________________________________ Services ___ ___________ ___________________ 2. 562 2,037 525 178 193 Switchboard operators ...__ __ .. . ____ Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufactur i n g ____________________________ Public utilities 2 ---------------------------------------Wholesale tra d e ___________________________ Retail trade . — ---------- — — - -------- — Finance3 — . . . . . - ----S ervices---------------------------------------- ----------- 1.021 387“ 634 72 88 149 148 177 Switchboard operator-receptionists ---------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------Public utilities 2 ---------------------------------------Wholesale tra d e ----------------------------------------Finance 3 ___ ___________ ___________ ________ Services ---------------------------------------------------- Office boys and girls _ _______ . — — ----------------- - — ___ __ _______ . 771 380 391 40 139 102 76 97. 50 00 88.00 79. 50 86.00 100. 80. 50 95. 00 71. 50 93. 50 83. 50 63. 00 72. 00 63.00 75. 00 78. 00 72.00 75. 50 72. 00 70.00 70. 00 11 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined— Continued (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) O ccupation and industry div isio n Number of Average weekly 1 earnings (Standard) Average weekly , earnings (Standard) Tabulating-machine operators, class A _. Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ Tabulating-machine operators, class B Manufacturing ___________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ Public utilities 2 1 ______________ Finance34 ______________________ Tabulating-machine operators, class C Manufacturing ____________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ Public utilities 2 _______________ 435 333 102 $ 122.50 125.00 115.00 615 36l 254 101.50 108.00 92.00 1n 0 4l 8 6 .0 0 269 147 122 50 8 8 .5 0 9 4 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 9 3 .0 0 Transcribing-machine operators, general __ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________ Finance3 ___________________________ 478 7 6 .0 0 8 4 .0 b 7 0 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 1$7 2 81 1 50 T ypists, cla ss B _______________________________ M anufacturing ____________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ _____ P u blic utilities 2 ______________________________ W holesale t r a d e _______________________________ S e rvice s _ ____ _ ____ ____ __ ___________ _ 1,994 1, 293 701 199 69 53 254 126 3 ,3 7 2 1 ,5 0 $ 1 ,8 6 7 141 260 247 912 307 $89 .50 94.50 80.00' 88.50 95.00 72.50 D raftsm en, lea d er _________ ______________________ _ M anufacturing .. .. _ _ _ ____ ___ D raftsm en, sen ior 7 0 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 ____ _______________ _____ Nonm anufacturing _______________________________ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 ___ _ __ ____ _______ D raftsm en, j u n i o r _______________________ __________ M anufacturing _____ ____ __ ___ --- --- ------ --Nonmanufacturing __________ ____ __ ___ ____ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 __________ _ ____ — __ S e rv ices ____ _ _______ __ __ __ - ------— N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g 1 T rsc Earnings are for a regular workweek for which employees receive their straight-time weekly salaries, exclusive of any premium pay. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Description for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. Average weekly t earnings (Standard) P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations T yp ists, c la s s A _ ____ __ __ __ ------------ -----------____ M anufacturing _ N onm anufacturing _ __ __ __ _______ ____ ___ Pu blic u t ilit ie s 2 _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ __ W holesale t r a d e ________ ______ _ _____ __ Retail trade __ __ __ __ __ __ ________ __ _ F inance 3 __________ __ ______________________ S ervices ______ _____________ ____ _____________ _ R e t a il t r a d e F in a n c e 3 Number of O ccupation and industry d ivision O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occu p a tion s— Continued 1 2 3 4 Number of O ccupation and industry division g _ _ __ ____ __ . . . 612 $194.00 — 5 5 F - 195.50 3, 189 2, 828 361 161.00 162:0-0“ 151.50 108 1 3 9 .5 0 1 ,6 3 2 1 ,3 1 2 320 46 269 1 2 5 .5 0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 1 4 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 4 .0 0 441 392 1 1 0 .0 0 124 8 8 .5 0 111.00 12 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry d ivision Ntimber of workers $ 9 $ $ Average hourly , Under 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 earnings $ and 1.70 under 1.80 1,90 2.00 2.10 $ 2.10 2.20 $ 2.20 , r 2.30 9 2.30 9 9 9 $ 9 9 9 9 9 $ $ * 9 $ 9 9 9 9 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 10 10 9 1 8 2 37 6 31 6 4 2 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 8 1 7 5 31 19 12 10 252 198 54 42 4.00 435 43i 4 9 9 . - 15 5 10 _ - 5 5 _ - 6 6 _ - _ - 61 58 3 10 10 - 5 5 _ - 7 7 - 37 37 " - 4 4 3.50 3.70 - 1 1 1 1 . 8 7 1 2 2 - 2 2 - 8 7 1 9 1 8 17 4 13 14 14 4 4 106 98 8 42 37 5' 259 249 10 396 392 4 1149 1135 14 1054 1052 2 159 60 99 13 12 1 6 6 6 7 7 - 24 24 8 27 27 24 28 15 13 3 66 56 10 5 9 4 5 3 17 3 14 - 72 58 14 - 121 118 3 - 53 51 2 - 49 40 9 5 17 17 _ - 11 8 3 8 8 2 2 57 55 2 27 21 6 29 25 4 39 22 17 38 38 - 162 154 8 262 262 - 38 35 3 17 12 5 _ " 7 1 6 1 209 209 - 180 165 15 13 199 188 11 - 148 144 4 - 14 8 6 6 23 23 43 43 52 52 161 145 16 8 _ - 6 5 1 - 37 37 21 4 17 8 1 1 21 21 - 14 14 2 2 _ - - - - - 3.38 3.38 1 17 17 89 89 96 96 706 706 376 376 1242 1242 482 482 40 40 13 13 1, 136 1, 103 3.37 3.37 12 12 7 3 37 35 59 58 340 340 82 56 513 513 1 1 - 30 30 - M echanics, autom otive (m aintenance) ___________ ______________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing __ ____ ____ _ P u blic utilities 2 ............................... W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade ______________________ 1, 513 764 749 513 147 61 3.04 3.12 2.97 3.04 2.80 2.83 32 15 17 11 14 14 5 5 - - M echanics, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing __________________ 2,948 2, 766 182 3.31 3.32 3.22 309 216 93 NIillw r ights M anufacturing _______________________ 3, 856 3, 848 3.29 3.29 O ilers ------------- — — ------- — ------ — M anufacturing — — __ __ __ ____ 934 929 2.69 2.70 P a in ters, m aintenance ___ __ ____ __ M anufacturing _____________________ _ Nonm anuf a ctur ing __ _ __ __ __ „ F in a n ce 4 _________________________ 709 539 170 77 3.12 3.18 2.96 3.14 2, 106 2, 018 3.28 3.28 92 1651 92 1648 3 1946 52 52 1946“ _ _ 4 4 4 1 348 < T 347 1 1 52 938 629 936 628 48 - 6 5 1 - 26 26 _ - C arpenters, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing ___ __ __ „ „ ____ N onm anufacturing __ ______________ 875 691 184 65 $ 3.17 3.23 2.96 3 03 E lectricia n s , m aintenance ____ ____ M anufacturing __ __ ___________ __ Nonm anufacturing __________________ 3, 319 3, 112 207 3.35 3.36 3.24 E n gin eers, station ary __________________ M anufacturing ______________________ _ Nonmanufacturing __ __ ___________ S erv ices ____ _ ____ ___________ 725 561 164 62 3.25 3.37 2.85 2.75 _ - 1 1 - _ - F irem en , station ary b o ile r ____________ M anufacturing ____ ________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ 799 721 78 3.05 3.11 2.52 4 4 3 3 H elpers, m aintenance trades _________ M anufacturing ____ __ ___________ Nonm anufacturing __ ___________ __ Pu blic utilities 1 23 _________________ 868 799 69 28 2.62 2.63 2.41 2.58 8 38 - 1 1 - 1 1 _ - M ach in e-tool o p e r a to r s , t o o l r o o m ____ Manufactu ring __ __ ____ ________ 3,066 3, 065 M achinists, m a in te n a n c e __________ ____ M anufacturing ____________ ___ ______ P ip efitters, m a in te n a n c e ______________ M anufacturing _____________________ _ - - - - . _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - 2 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ - _ - _ - _ . - - _ _ - 1 _ - 1 1 _ - - - - _ _ _ _ - 8 8 2 6 - 53 8 45 1 28 16 56 16 40 4 28 5 38 8 30 13 6 1 22 22 13 3 44 9 35 29 6 176 30 146 136 2 5 525 279 246 202 44 - 224 105 119 76 25 18 315 275 40 26 8 6 4 4 22 17 5 2 2 76 76 - 15 12 3 37 30 7 58 49 9 78 46 32 172 148 24 36 36 6 6 16 16 144 144 182 182 520 519 219 219 1136 1129 1 - 20 19 18 18 2 1 1 1 16 16 68 68 321 321 383 383 81 81 18 18 4 4 12 12 23 3 3 1 7 7 5 19 9 10 - 5 5 1 104 54 50 1 58 54 4 1 6 5 4 4 71 65 60 60 324 322 ~ T ~ 17 17 5 1 - 5 8 4 8 5 10 3.29 3.30 3 4 4 2 1 14 4 229 229 141 141 3 3.49 3.49 17 17 42 42 - 107 107 180 18 b 312 312 59 3.12 Sheet-m etal w o rk e rs , m a in t e n a n c e ___ M anufacturing __ ____ __ ____ 396 382 T ool and die m a k e r s ____ _____________ _ Mflrmfa rhi ring 5,033 5, 032 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. All workers were at $ 1.60 to $ 1.70. Finance, insurance, and real estate. 1 1 1 1 P lu m b e rs , m aintenance _______________ 1 2 3 4 - 1 5 1 6 4.20 3.90 22 22 - 3.40 3.60 4.10 3.80 3 2 1 3.30 31 2 29 3 2 2 52 52 48 69 2 _ _ 1013 2933 408 1013 2932 408 54 54 " 1 1 - - - - - 5 5 _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - - “ - - - - - - - - 8 8 - 4 21 31 _ - - 7 - _ _ 13 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccu p a tio n 1 and in du stry d iv isio n Number of. workers Average Under *1.00 S1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 *1.60 $1.70 *1.80 $1.90 *2.00 $2.10 *2.20 *2.30 *2.40 $2.50 *2.60 *2.70 $2.80 *2.90 *3.00 *3.10 *3.20 *3.30 *3.40 hourly 4 and earnings & and 1.00 under 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 >1.60 1.70 1.80 1.9CL 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.79 2.80 2.90 3.Q9 3.10 3.20 3.30 ?.49 over E levator o p e r a to r s , p a ssen g er (men) — __ - . N onm anufacturing -___________________ 180 84 $ 1.85 1.49 " _ - 12 12 16 16 E levator o p e r a to r s , p a ssen g er (wom en) _ _ _____ ___ ____ . Nonm anufacturing __ ________ ____ R etail trade _______________________ S e r v ic e s ---------------------------------------- 597 597 204 122 1.30 1.30 1.13 1.32 12 12 12 ■ 96 96 96 ■ 50 50 32 18 71 71 20 “ 2, 501 2, 208 293 73 178 2.70 2.75 2.30 - - - - - 2! 17 - - - J a n itors, p o r t e r s , and cle a n e r s (m en) ,_______ _ __ _ _ _ __ ___ M a n u fa c tu r in g _______________________ N onm anufacturing __ _______ __ „ P u b lic u tilities 3 __________________ W h olesale trade __________________ R eta il t r a d e _______________________ Pinanrp^ S e r v ic e s ____ __ _ ____ 9, 521 6, 769 2 ,752 338 152 1, 094 565 603 2.20 2.43 1.62 2.15 1.96 1.46 1.65 1.52 54 . 54 _ _ 36 52 52 _ 40 203 203 _ _ 79 18 12 J an itors, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en) — _ -------- --- ------------ - -----M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________________ P u b lic u tilities 3 __________________ R etail trade _______________________ F in an ce * _.__. __ __ ___ ____ SArvir.fis 1, 509 346 1, 163 43 160 790 147 1.57 2.07 1.43 2.05 1.27 1.38 1.55 - L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling __________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________ N onm anufacturing _____ ____ ____ P u b lic u tilities 3 __________________ W h olesale trade __________________ R etail trade ----------------------------------- 10,290 6, 935 3, 355 1, 253 1,099 900 2.48 2.52 2.38 2.80 2.29 1.92 O rd er f il l e r s ____________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ___________ ________ W h olesale t r a d e __________________ R etail trade __'____________________ 2, 777 1,201 1, 576 1, 097 406 2.46 2.61 2.35 2.33 2.38 Guardg ___________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________ N onm anufacturing See footnotes at end of table. -’ _ • _ - - 2 2 - 7 7 - - 1 1 1 1 - 8 8 8 8 28 28 23 23 28 6 • 22 8 25 19 16 61 29 32 21 11 68 15 53 6 10 3 7 1 5 304 22 282 7 7 81 97 90 520 102 418 3 5 77 206 127 161 11 150 1 18 30 87 14 120 44 76 7 4 25 31 9 124 36 88 18 17 19 17 17 336 80 256 157 6 64 6 23 187 101 86 35 21 12 18 587 72 515 8 31 435 41 83 21 62 13 10 39 17 9 8 4 » 2 2 11 9 2 _ 1 1 5 5 -• 32 30 2 2 28 3 25 5 9 9 _ 62 9 9 3 3 54 18 2 2 2 2 153 186 153 “ 18? 25 19 102 2 5 5 14 1.4 - - 2 2 6 6 - - 2"1 124 205 205 9 150 6 40 240 18 222 6 135 26 55 456 20 436 18 322 74 22 34 72 28 - - - 34 20 - 14 13 13 72 45 16 11 28 9 15 4 367 367 41 311 15 - - 50 56 56 85 85 54 54 38 _ 38 62 27 2 25 32 3 29 108 53 55 186 179 7 621 224 397 " 44 50 85 54 38 62 25 20 9 20 35 _ 6 . . 15 45 3 n 5 4 136 45 - 45 36 3 3 . 3 11 5 - 15 15 - - 136 135 45 45 11 5 4 _ 4 - - - 1 ■ " - " " " - - ■ - 53 50 3 3 627 601 26 24 159 158 1 1073 1046 27 121 121 - 5 5 - - - - - 53 229 174 55 22 33 240 217 23 4 6 1 3 9 683 £>62 21 19 2 - 3661 1639 3542 1602 37 119 23 61 52 5 6 108 102 6 3 2 1 189 174 15 7 4 3 32 32 - - - _ - - - 2 _ - - - - . _ _ - _ - - - 9 - 13 3 - - - - - - 54 51 3 _ 73 49 24 24 24 24 - 53 53 _ 24 3 21 _ 8 8 . _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1963 2737 1773 1697 2324 1725 413 266 48 18 117 18 145 25 29 166 120 107 67 50 9 41 624 129 495 399 96 749 77 672 630 42 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 7 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 563 339 224 148 75 425 415 10 10 202 117 85 85 _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 - 50 59 " 322 74 497 81 416 3 346 67 216 139 77 18 13 46 169 111 58 39 19 187 3 184 157 27 142 _ 142 86 56 59 29 30 15 15 188 109 79 61 18 118 83 35 35 614 91 523 284 173 . _ -• - 129 127 2 2 _ 14 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ . $ $ $ $ $ $ Average hourly ? Under 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 earnings $ and and 1.00 under 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3f40 o v e r O ccupation 1 and industry div isio n Number of workers P a ck ers, shipping (men) ____ ______ M anufacturing ______________________ Nonm anufacturing __________________ W holesale trade ________ ____ __ 1, 583 1, 283 300 267 $2.4 6 2.51 2.22 2.27 P a ck ers, shipping (wom en) -----------------M anufacturing ________ ____________ Nonm anufacturing __________________ 429 359 70 2.26 2.44 1.32 R eceiving c le r k s _______________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing ________________ __ W holesale trade __________________ 592 433 159 77 2.61 2.69 2.38 2.58 Shipping c le r k s _________________________ M anufacturing ______________________ . Nonm anufacturing __________________ W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade ______________________ 709 569 140 68 68 2.69 2.74 2.49 2.66 2.29 Shipping and r eceiv in g cle r k s _________ M anufacturing ______________________ Nonm anufacturing __ ____ _________ Pu blic u tilities 3 _________________ W holesale trade ___________ !______ 1.599 1, 333 266 108 103 2.61 2.62 2.55 2.68 2.45 T r u c k d r iv e r s 5 _________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing ________________ _ PiiKlir iitilifiAo jruuiic u tilities ^ W holesale t r a d e ____ ___ ______ R eta il trade ____ ___ __ ____ vi r Aft T ru c k d riv e r s , light (under 1^/2 tons) _______ __ _______ ________ _ M anufacturing ___________________ N onm anufacturing _______________ T ru c k d riv e r s , m edium (1V2 to and including 4 tons) __________________ M anufacturing ___________________ Nonm anufacturing _______________ Pu blic u tilities 3 _____________ W holesale trade ______________ R eta il trade __________________ See footnotes at end of table, 6, 2, 4, 1 l! - " 17 _ 17 14 4 31 - “ 15 15 7 59 54 5 ■ 13 10 9 9 9 7 " 4 31 ~ 13 10 9 " - - . - . - 10 10 . - 2 2 3 3 - - - - - - - " - " - 2 2 - _ “ _ “ 6 6 6 1 1 ■ 61 42 19 18 1 _ - . ■ . - 21 13 8 8 “ 63 63 - _ “ 1 1 1 _ “ 9 3 6 6 1127 713 71 685 442 642 Q 9 134 530 96 299 7 1780 56 1724 1512 2 210 90 90 _ - _ - 231 231 - 90 - _ - _ - _ - 46 10 36 ~ - - - ” ~ “ 226 215 11 4 7 24 24 17 112 12 100 100 - - - *231 231 227 225 2 “ 107 34 73 73 712 624 88 88 197 197 “ 25 25 - 25 25 • - ■ “ 19 16 3 13 13 261 261 15 15 16 16 13 13 - ! 1 - 13 13 10 5 5 1 20 15 5 " 20 20 9 73 45 28 17 30 23 7 - 66 53 13 7 274 265 9 “ 25 6 19 18 9 8 1 - 19 1 18 12 6 40 10 30 30 34 10 24 23 1 9 8 1 - 9 4 5 5 42 36 6 6 436 428 8 8 38 16 38 36 16 12 4 19 16 3 - 38 9 29 4 8 43 43 - 569 511 58 1 40 640 624 16 11 2 100 34 66 58 5 9 9 46 46 125 16 109 57 31 26 6 _ 8 153 54 99 18 9 37 99 1 6 137 15 122 3 100 12 7 18 81 468 150 318 163 112 15 28 952 515 437 121 295 12 9 793 686 107 16 6 5 80 7 7 25 16 9 7 7 11 11 17 17 11 5 6 36 25 11 22 22 - 41 3 38 3 35 42 31 11 11 107 25 82 1 81 403 123 280 129 108 15 260 211 49 41 8 42 41 1 1 2 5 - 2 2 5 5 ! 2 1 2 - - 1 - _ - - - 9 9 28 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 7 16 _ _ _ _ 2.40 2.58 2.30 “ - “ ■ ■ 9 9 14 14 1 1 5 5 7 7 1 - " 2.70 2.87 2.49 2.74 2.33 2.33 _ _ . _ _ _ 14 _ - _ - 39 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 - - - - _ - - - - 7 7 - - - - 39 9 30 100 99 1,641 892 749 274 237 153 18 16 2 2 25 16 9 ■ _ _ 219 78 141 . - 12 12 12 9 9 5 5 5 . - 13 13 13 _ - 2.81 2.80 2.81 2.94 2.71 2.73 2.66 - 13 13 13 j 1 731 510 221 857 384 819 139 ~ 5 5 “ 29 29 27 5 5 2 - 2 2 ■ 7 7 _ 2 1 1 43 30 13 13 73 73 ~ “ ~ - - 6 4 2 1 6 5 1 1 21 8 13 13 - 19 13 6 2 " 39 17 22 14 1 “ ” - • - - - - - - 15 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich., January 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation 12 and in du stry d iv isio n of workers $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ hourly ■> Under 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 earnings and 1 under 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 $ $ $ $ $ $ 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 $ $ $ S $ $ $ % % 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 and 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 over 2.50 T r u c k d riv e r s : 5 6 — Continued 7 T r u c k d riv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 tons, tr a ile r type) ________________________ M anufacturing ___________________ N onm anufacturing _____ _ ____ Pu blic u tilities 34 ___________________ W h olesale trade _____ _____ __ iv c la lX ir a u u ••••••••••••••••■••>••• T r u c k d riv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than t r a ile r type) _______________ N onm anufacturing _______________ 3,429 723 2,7 0 6 1,468 862 370 $2.89 2.81 2.91 2.99 2.78 2.93 161 54 107 2.81 2.52 2.95 T r u c k e r s , pow er (fork lift) ---------------------------M anufacturing _______ _ __ __ __ N onm anufacturing ____ _____ _____ ___ W h olesale trad e _________________________ R eta il trade ______________________________ 4, 816 4 ,4 6 6 350 198 111 2.61 2.61 2.63 2.63 2.56 T r u c k e r s , pow er (oth er than fo rk lift) .________ ___ ___________ M anufacturing _ _____ ___________ _ 474 340 2.67 2.80 W atchm en _______________________________ 912 1.57 2.13 1.45 1.43 M anufacturing ----------------------------------N onm anufacturing ----------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 746 644 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77 - 3 3 - - 77 - - - 10 10 - - _ . - - - - _ _ - - _ . . . _ . ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 62 13 104 - 465 - - - - 62 43 13 9 104 98 465 450 - 14 13 1 - - _ . - - 1 - 1 - ” 58 28 30 30 " - 1 - - - - 6 44 15 29 7 18 - 18 13 28 14 14 2 22 18 4 - - - - 17 17 - - 65 12 8 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. All workers were at $ 3.40 to $ 3.50. Workers were distributed as follows: 43 at $3.40 to $3.50; 14 at $3.60 to $3.70; 5 at $3.70 to $3.80. 8 8 50 48 2 2 _ 12 12 86 64 22 41 16 25 25 382 491 8 463 374 28 78 16 284 6 12 94 38 477 57 420 9 321 90 1596 44 1552 1340 2 210 9 6 3 9 46 9 1429 2604 396 1374 2498 309 55 106 87 38 47 59 28 59 - - - 27 26 1 16 16 48 48 - - - 22 - “ 2 124 8 2 1 18 18 227 227 13 5 4 28 12 16 8 20 20 - 7 7 - - - 11 - - - - 11 9 4 3 264 132 132 90 _ _ _ - - _ 90 _ _ 48 - _ _ _ 46 48 ■ “ " " 24 24 24 14 14 1 1 _ 24 - - - _ - - 101 77 24 24 " _ - - - - - - 4 4 2 2 - 13 13 - - - 7 62 62 - 11 11 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - " 6 4 2 - 90 - Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. Since the Bureau's last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A-l are not comparable to data presented in last year's bulletin. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. 17 Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in* structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C lass A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)—U se s a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. C lass B —Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (hookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 19 20 CLERK, ACCOUNTING-Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C lass B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C lass A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. C lass C lass C —Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g.., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow in g: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 21 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C/oss /l—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. CZoss 6 —Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY— Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters fromgeneral instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 22 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this workerfs time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR C lass A—Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D oes not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C lass B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small, tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and^distributing incoming mail. C lass A—Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Typing ma terial in final formwhen it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B—Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 23 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature* DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina • tion o f the follow in g: Giving first aid to die ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter required rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 24 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testin g instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance elctricians requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship of equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. H ead or c h ief engineers in esta b lish ments employing more than one engineer are excluded . MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 25 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves m ost o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in volves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, die work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 26 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. repairing building sanitation or beating sy s te m s are exclu ded. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow in g: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are station ed at gate and ch eck on iden tity o f e m p lo y e e s and other persons entering. 27 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in volve one or more o f the follow in g: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsipr or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who a lso make wooden b o xe s or crates are exclu ded . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are exclu ded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform dther related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work in v o lv e s: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R eceivin g work in v o lv e s : Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R eceivin g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receivin g clerk 28 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r iv e r s ale smen and over-the^road drivers Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination Truckdriver, light (under Truckdriver, medium (1% Truckdriver, heavy (over Truckdriver, heavy (over o f s i z e s listed separately) 1% tons) to and including 4 tons) 4 tons, trailer type) 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. GPO 9 27 57 f
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