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Occupational Wage Survey D E T R O IT , M IC H IG A N JA N U A R Y B u lle tin N o . U N IT E D STATES Jam es 1 2 4 0 -1 2 DEPARTM ENT P. M it c h e ll, 1 9 5 9 OF S e cre ta ry LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan ClaQoe, Commissioner O c c u p a tio n a l W a ge S u rv e y D E T R O IT , M IC H IG A N JA N U A RY 1959 B u lle tin N o. 1 2 4 0 -1 2 March 1959 U N IT E D STATES DEPARTM ENT Jam es P. O F M itc h e ll, LABOR S e cre ta ry BUREAU Of LABOR STATISTICS Ewan dofiv## For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents The in L ib r a r y w h ic h of th is C on gress p u b lic a tio n has c a ta lo g e d ap pears as th e s e r ie s fo llo w s : no. in Nov. 1895- [r58t2j C on gress has c a ta lo g e d th is fo llo w s : 23-26 cm. Nov. 1949- issued as its Bulletin (HD8051.A62) 1. Wages—U. S. 2. Non-wage payments—U. S. (2. Employee benentsj i. Title. (Series: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bul letin) 1. Labor and laboring classes—U. S.—Period. Library of Congress as v. v. illus. 16-28 cm. 331.06173 p u b lic a tio n of Occupational wage survey. 1949Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. Bimonthly, Nov. 1895-May 1912; irregular, July 1912No. 1-111 issued by the Bureau of Labor. HD8051.A62 L ib r a r y U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bulletin, no. 1Washington. The 15-23307 rev*I HD4973.A462 331.2973 U. S. Dept, of Labor. for Library of Congress Library (57r52nljf L 49—125* Contents Preface Page The B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a r e a w id e w ag e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p orta n t in d u s tr ia l cen ters. The s tu d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly s p rin g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea r n in g s and r e la t e d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d e d in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r re n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s . In tro d u ctio n ___________________________________________________________ W age tre n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g r o u p s ____________________ T a b le s : 1. 2. A: T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ic a g o , III, , by W ood row C . L in n , under the d i r e c t io n o f G e o r g e E . V o ta v a , R e g io n a l W age and In d u stria l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. 1 4 B: E s ta b lis h m e n ts a n d .w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___ ... P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in stan d ard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , fo r s e le c t e d p e r i o d s _______________________ 4 O ccu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s: * A - l . O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s _____________________________________ A - 2 . P r o fe s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ____________ A - 3 . M ain ten an ce and p ow er plant o c c u p a tio n s __________ A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____ 11 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : * B -l. Shift d i f f e r e n t ia ls _____________________________________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n tra n ce r a te s fo r w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s _____________________________________________ B - 3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s _____________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s __________________________________ B -6 . H ealth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s _____________ A p p en d ix : O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s _____________________________ * NOTE: S im ila r ta bu la tion s fo r m o s t o f th e se it e m s a r e a v a ila b le in the D e tr o it a r e a r e p o r t s fo r D e c e m b e r 1951, O cto b e r 1953, and O cto b e r 1955. The 1953 r e p o r t (B L S B u ll. 1 1 5 7 -1 ) p r e s e n t s , in a d d ition , data on r a te o f pay fo r h o lid a y w o r k , o v e r t im e pay p r o v is io n s , w a g e s tr u c tu r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r a c t ic e s is a ls o a v a ila b le fo r auto d e a le r r e p a ir sh op s in the D e tr o it a r e a (A u gu st 1958). A r e p o r t on o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s in the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr ie s w ill be a v a ila b le in June, 1959; data fo r su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r a c t ic e s w e r e in clu d e d in the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr ie s r e p o r t o f M a r c h 1958. Union s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay l e v e ls , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , l o c a l tr a n sit op e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . in 2 vOvOUl The C om m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m 13 14 14 15 16 18 19 Occupational Wage Survey— Detroit, Mich Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s in w h ic h the U . S. D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r ’ s B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s h a s c o n d u cte d s u r v e y s o f-o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e fit^ on an a r e a w id e b a s is * In th is a r e a , data w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r * s o n a l v is it s o f B u r e a u fie ld a g en ts 1 to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n s p o r t a tio n (e x clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tr a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g ro u p s e x clu d e d fr o m th e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s r a ilr o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x tr a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a l s o b e c a u s e th ey fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied to w a r ra n t i n c l u s i o n . 2 W h er e v e r p o s s ib le , se p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u str y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su r v e y in g a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s stu d ied . In c o m b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv en th e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s tim a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la tin g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied . O cc u p a tio n s and E a rn in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O cc u p a tio n a l c l a s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m se t o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the sa m e jo b . (See ap p en d ix f o r lis tin g o f th e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s .) E a r n in g s data a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s: (a ) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l; ( c ) m a in ten a n ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t. 1 Data w e r e ob ta in ed b y m a il f r o m so m e o f the s m a lle r e s t a b lis h m e n ts f o r w h ich v is it s b y B u r e a u fie ld a g e n ts in the la s t p r e v io u s s u r v e y in d ic a te d e m p lo y m e n t in r e la t iv e ly few o f the o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d . U n usu al c h a n g e s r e p o r t e d b y m a il w e r e v e r if i e d w ith e m p lo y e r s . 2 See ta b le on pa ge 2 f o r m in im u m -s iz e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d . O cc u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d ule in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if i c a t io n . E a rn in g s data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s and in ce n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in clu d e d . W h ere w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th ese o c c u p a t io n s h ave b e e n rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the study an d not the num bed a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c tu r e a m on g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a te s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t ob ta in ed f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s stu d ied . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c tu r e d o not m a t e r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s da ta. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p lem en ta ry W age P r o v is io n s In fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits a s th ey r e la te to o f f ic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te rm "o ffic e w o rk e r s , " as u sed in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in is t r a tiv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g fo r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m e n and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u tiliz e d a s a se p a ra te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a fe t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a r e e x clu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s , but a r e in clu d e d a s plant w o r k e r s in n on m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . Shift d iffe r e n t ia l data (ta ble B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n te d b oth in t e r m s o f (a ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b ) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s 3 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h avin g a p o lic y i f it m e t e it h e r o f the follow in g; c o n d itio n s ; ( l ) O p e ra te d la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2 ) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts . 2 T h e f i r s t p a rt o f the p a id h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d . T h e s e c o n d p a rt c o m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to show to ta l h o lid a y t i m e . a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c if i e d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , th e a m ou n t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u se d o r , i f no a m ou n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s ific a t io n "o th e r* ' w a s u s e d . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s in w h ich s o m e la t e sh ift h o u r s a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w a s r e c o r d e d on ly i f it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the sh ift h o u r s . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s i s lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , e x clu d in g in fo r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith pay is g ra n ted at the d is c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in co m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , su ch a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r f la t -s u m a m ou n ts. H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 1s p a y. M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s (ta ble B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s i s that th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis t e d . S ch ed u led h o u r s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a l l plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u al it e m s in th e se ta b u la tio n s do not n e c e s s a r il y eq u a l t o t a ls . D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a l l h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s su ch a s w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . Such p la n s in clu d e th o s e u n d e rw ritte n b y a c o m 4 S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s (f ir s t s e c t io n om f e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v id e d th rou g h a union fund o r ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to la te 1957 an d e a r ly 1958 w e r e p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r fr o m p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fit s a r e in clu d e d a s a p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s . f o r m o f life in s u r a n c e . TABLE 1. Establishm ents and w o rk e rs within scope o f su rvey and number studied in D etroit, M ich. , 1 by m ajor industry division , 2 January 1959 Minimum em ploym ent in establish ments in scope o f study Industry division A ll divisions .. _____ ____ _ _ Within scope o f study3 _ .. ... ------ Manufacturing ___ ____ ____ Nonmanufacturing _____ _ __ _ T ransportation (excluding ra ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s5 _____ _ _____ __ __ _____ „ __ W holesale t r a d n ____ ____ ____ ________ . ... ...... __ ____ R etail trade6 ____ F inance, insurance, and re a l estate S e r v ic e s 8.... Number o f establishm ents __ Studied Studied Total4 O ffice Plant T otal4 1 ,2 4 4 266 6 0 6 .0 0 0 12 1 ,0 0 0 3 7 8 ,8 0 0 4 4 0 ,4 9 0 - 495 749 100 166 4 2 6 ,1 0 0 1 7 9 ,9 0 0 7 3 , 700 4 7 ,3 0 0 2 8 5 ,2 0 0 9 3 ,6 0 0 3 3 3 ,8 9 0 1 0 6,60 0 101 51 101 51 51 69 191 124 151 214 25 34 30 37 40 4 2 ,1 0 0 2 4 ,7 0 0 5 6 ,3 0 0 2 8 ,9 0 0 2 7 ,9 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 1 8 ,8 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0 10 ,6 0 0 45, 400 72 ,8 0 0 14 ,8 0 0 3 3 ,8 8 0 9 ,0 9 0 3 7 ,9 0 0 17 ,5 4 0 8 , 190 101 . W orkers in establishm ents Within scope o f study 1 The D etroit M etropolitan A rea (W ayne, Oakland, and M acom b C ounties). The "w o rk e rs within scope o f study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accu rate d escrip tion of the size and com position o f the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis o f com parison with other a rea em ploym ent indexes to m easu re em ploy ment trends or le v e ls since ( l ) planning of wage surveys req u ire s the use o f establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance o f the pay p eriod studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded fro m the scope o f the survey. 2 The 1957 re v ise d edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry division. M ajor changes fro m the e a rlie r edition used in previous surveys are the transfer o f m ilk pasteurization plants and ready m ixed con crete establishm ents fro m trade (w holesale or re ta il) to m anufacturing, and the transfer of radio and telev ision broadcasting from s e r v ic e s to the transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e r v ic e , and m otion -pictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes execu tive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and other w o rk e rs excluded from the separate o ffic e and plant ca te g o rie s . 5 A ls o excludes taxicabs, and s e r v ic e s incidental to water transportation. D e tro it’ s transit system is m unicipally operated and, th e re fo re , excluded by definition fro m the scope o f the studies. 4 E xcludes data for 2 large departm ent s to r e s. 7 Estim ate re la te s to re a l estate establishm ents only. 8 H otels; personal s e r v ic e s ; business s e r v ic e s ; autom obile repair shops; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bership organization s; and engineering and arch itectu ral s e r v ic e s . 3 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim ite d to that ty p e o f in su r a n ce u n d er w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a y m en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly to the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s is d u rin g ill n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . In fo r m a tio n i s p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch p la n s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in New Y o r k an d New J e r s e y , w h ich have e n a cte d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n ce la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s , 5 p la n s a r e in clu d e d on ly if the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n tr ib u t e s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f pa id s i c k - le a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s 6 w h ich p r o v id e 5 T he t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode Is la n d d o not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s . 6 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h avin g a f o r m a l pla n if it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e that c o u ld b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a pla n n eed not b e w r itte n , but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r * s pay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f - il l n e s s . S ep a ra te ta b u la tion s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2) pla n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l pa y o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p lica ted to ta l is show n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e iv e e ith e r o r b oth ty p e s o f b e n e fit s . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s , r e f e r r e d to a s ex ten ded m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s an d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b ey on d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, and . s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g fo r c o m p le t e o r p a rtia l pa ym en t o f d o c to r s * f e e s . Such p la n s m a y b e u n d e rw ritte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e l f - in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n pla n s a r e lim ite d to th o s e p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w ork er*s life . 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups The ta ble b e lo w p r e s e n ts p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s . F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r ce n ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s fo r n o rm a l h ou rs o f w o rk , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, they m e a su re ch a n g es in stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. The p e r ce n ta g e s a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c t e d k ey o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e ric a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin e a c h g rou p . The o f f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keypunch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e ra l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The in d u stria l n urse data a r e b a se d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and t o o l and die m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n ito r s, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and w atchm en. A v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s w e re c o m puted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h ou rly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e o f O cto b e r 1953 and O cto b e r 1955 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e se w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r TABLE 2. in div idu al occu p a tio n s w e r e then tota led to obtain an a g g reg a te fo r ea ch o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the r a tio o f th ese grou p a g g re g a te s fo r a g iven y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r oth er y e a r s w as com p u ted and the d if fe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m one p e r io d to a n oth er. The p e r ce n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s of ( l ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by in div id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e such a s la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . C h an ges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w age ch a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u ctio n in the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e f fe c t . The m o v em en t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a re a cou ld ca u se the a v e r a g e e a rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though no change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts . The use o f con stan t em p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in clu d ed in the data. N or a r e the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu en ced by ch a n g es in stan dard w o rk sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e , sin ce they a r e b a s e d on pay fo r s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r s . In d exes f o r tne p e r io d 1953 to 1958 fo r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts a p p e a re d in B L S B u ll. 1 2 2 4 -2 0 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 19 L a b o r M a r k e ts , W inter 1 9 5 7 -5 8 . P ercen ts of in crea se in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in D etroit, M ich. , for selected periods P ercent in crea ses from — Industry and occupational group A ll industries: O ffice c le r ic a l (women) Industrial nurses (women) Skilled maintenance (men) Unskilled plant (men) _ _ _ ______ October 1955 to January 1959 _ _ ___ ______________ Manufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l (w om en)____________ ____________________ Industrial nurses (women) __________ ___________ Skilled maintenance (men) _______________________________ U nskilled plant (men) _____________ _____ ______________ O ctober 1953 to O ctober 1955 D ecem ber 1951 to O ctober 1953 D ecem ber 1951 to January 1959 19.8 20.2 17.0 15.8 7.5 7 .9 8 .3 6 .2 11.8 10.2 11.0 10.0 44.0 43. 1 40.7 35.3 23 .3 20.7 17.2 17.6 7. 1 7.9 8. 1 6 .4 12.0 10. 1 11. 1 8. 0 47.8 43.5 40.8 35.1 A : O c c u p a t io n a l E a r n in g s Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a sis, by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959) Avnuoi Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number ot workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF- $ t S $ $ S S * Is Weekly. Weddy , Under t o . 00 I s . 00 *50. 00 % 5. 00 l o . 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours earnings and $ (Standard) (Standard) and 40. 00 under 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Men C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A _ M anufacturing _ __ __ __ __ _ __ ___________ __ __ Nonmanufacturing P u blic u tilitie s * __________________ W holesale t r a d e _______ „ _ 1,713 "1 7 3 5 1 " 357 77 153 4 0 .0 4b. 0 39 .5 40. 0 39 .5 $ 112.50 i 14. bo 106.50 106.50 112.50 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________________ P u blic utilities * ___ „ _____ W holesale t r a d e ___________________ 327 166 161 38 51 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39.5 39. 0 C le r k s , o rd e r _ __ __ ____ __ __ __ M anufacturing _ __ ___ __ __ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ W holesale t r a d e __ ________ __ __ 67 0 233 437 407 C le r k s , p a yroll __________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____ ____ 272 O ffice b o y s ____ __ ________ ____ __ M anufacturing _ __ ________ _ __ __ Nonmanufacturing _ _ P u blic u tilitie s * ____ ____________ Finance t — ________ ____ — __ S erv ices ____ ________ ___ _______ 641 Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs M anufacturing __ ____ ____ __ Nonmanufacturing __ __ _____ ... __ Pu blic utilities * __________________ W holesale t r a d e -------- __ __ __ __ Finance f ___________________ ____ _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - . - 5 5 - 85.50 94. 00 7 7 .5 0 84. 50 8 0 .5 0 - - _ - - 8 8 - 17 17 2 2 32 9 23 15 26 5 - 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 106.50 114.50 102. 50 102.50 _ - _ - _ - . - _ - 5 5 - 3 3 3 27 27 27 4 0 .0 40. b 39.5 108.50 114.00 91. 00 . - _ - _ - _ - - _ - 1 1 - 4 4 14 62. 00 6 7 .5 0 57. 00 60. 00 5 3 .5 0 58 ll 47 19 84 22 62 4 21 154 71 83 54 19 69 9 60 18 14 94 63 31 8 7 40 50 46 4 2 - 101 3 8 .5 55. 50 - 30 3 339 99 89 3 9 .0 $9.5 38. 5 38. 0 39. 0 21 26 8 18 10 3 825 5 05 320 72 93 91 40. 0 4b. 0 39.5 39.5 40. 0 4 0 .0 2 9 9 8 20 38 409 zW 63 TU T It 6 9 9 50 00 00 00 _ - _ " _ - _ - 71. 00 74. 00 68. 00 _ - 2 2 4 4 36 2? 9 62. 50 - 5 10 29 32 8 2.50 88. bo 78. 00 89. 50 72. 50 - - - - 8 8 - 95. lb o . 87. 98. 88. 77. 00 00 2 - - 1 1 38 It lb 14 2 - 2 16 36 15 16 F T 4o 47 8 39 90 31 59 28 12 7 -------56r 7 55 3 4 24 20 1 16 i 15 1 4 61 7 54 5 21 55 30 25 7 7 108 85 23 7 14 40 7 33 5 14 20 8 12 2 10 33 19 14 13 - 50 38 12 6 - 78 61 17 11 1 206 157 49 9 2 20 1? 26 21 5 5 - 171 295 156 ~ T T T — 15 23 7 7 5 16 149 IT T 17 1 9 195 165 40 2 38 12 12 - 56 30 26 4 14 - _ - - _ - 17 15 2 2 14 lo 4 4 38 28 41 94 90 56 36 ------ T T — r r ~ — r — 18“ ----- T T ------ 3“ -----57 87 33 27 15 38 38 27 56 84 18 15 32 35 14 9 5 5 30 61 34 36 21 56 14 ----- TT~ ------ I T — FT" ------T T ------ T T 16 23 24 15 29 16 24 21 15 29 - t 12 40 ------- r 35 2 - 3 2 6 4 2 2 154 151 ■124" — n r 30 17 10 5 20 2 10 3 7 20 2 18 10 8 2 25 20 5 33 28 5 31 30 1 28 28 - 20 17 3 40 29 11 22 22 - _ - _ - . - . - - - 76 34 42 118 80 38 13 ■ 5 4 168 134 34 15 15 99 62 37 69 59 10 9 ■ 56 49 7 4 22 22 ~ “ 2 2 - 6 - _ - _ - 5 6 74 W ~ 35 5 10 12 i 23 6 6 - 14 14 ~r - - 7 7 _ - - , - - 5 3 l 1 1 ■ 6 6 _ 16 17 1 37 32 5 - 16 9 9 " 4 4 3 ■ _ " _ - _ ■ _ - _ _ _ - 2 2 " 9 6 21 58 36 22 20 6 14 29 26 3 23 23 22 13 - 3 6 - - - - - - - - - - 100 60 24 36 3 24 68 37 31 10 57 37 20 18 52 50 2 34 28 13 11 2 42 13 29 13 1 1 - - - - - - - 15 14 3 3 Women B ille r 8, m achine (billing m achine) M anufacturing _______ ______ ___ _ N on m an u factu rin g____________________ 211 39. 0 40. 0 38.5 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) 160 39.5 B ook keeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A __ __ ________ __ __ M anufacturing ________________ __ N onm anufacturing ____________________ W holesale t r a d e _____ __ __ Finance | -- — ____ — ___ 498 39 .5 222 ~ T T T 5 ~ 276 3 9 .5 53 38.5 136 40. 0 TW 27 ------FT 13 8 65 TU T 80 2 63 6 1 2 6 - 6 2 j_______J_______ See footnote at end o f ta b le , j 6 i 6 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly h ou rs and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is , by industry division , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959) RAQB Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of workers NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OP 9 $ 9 * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 Weekly Weekly Under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 9105.00 9 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) l o . 00 under and 4 5 . QQ 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 7 0. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 Wom e n— C ontinue d B ook keeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs, c la s s B M anufacturing _____________ ____ __ Nonm anufacturing _________ ________ P u blic utilities * W holesale t r a d e ___________________ R etail trade 2 _______________ _____ Finance| ___________________________ S ervices _______________________ __ .1,723 4T¥ “ 1, 309 43 121 143 884 118 40. 0 T o : o '" 4 0 .0 3 9.5 3 9.5 4 0 .5 40. 0 39. 0 C le r k s , accounting, cla s s A ____________ M anufacturing _ _ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ P u blic utilities * ___________________ W holesale t r a d e ___________________ R etail trade 2 _______________________ Finance f ____ ____ ____ __ __ S ervices _ __ __________________ __ 1, 003 42T 574 75 91 126 154 128 3 9.5 40. 0 39. 0 39. 0 40. 0 4 0 .5 3 8.5 3 8 .5 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing ____________________ P u blic u t ilit ie s * ___________________ W holesale trade R etail trade 2 _____ _______________ Finance f ___________________________ S erv ices 2,377 642 1, 735 441 207 509 383 195 39 .5 39.5 39.5 3 9 .0 40. 0 41. 0 3 8.5 38. 5 70. 03. 66. 74. 67. 59. 65. 66. 2W 792 $ 6 7 .0 0 " - 11 11 9 2 “ 219 219 36 179 4 345 25 320 4 1 35 280 " 353 53 300 9 14 27 0 7 254 29 225 16 25 23 106 55 104 34 70 3 20 18 28 1 107 67 40 4 13 3 13 7 78 39 39 4 14 3 18 92 50 42 10 13 2 3 14 88 57 31 2 26 3 - 52 46 6 6 20 14 6 6 - - - - 5 5 1 4 - 9 9 3 6 ~ 3 3 1 2 - 5 5 3 2 - 29 29 5 19 5 76 76 5 7 36 21 7 144 lb 134 1 28 16 41 48 98 11 87 11 36 9 23 8 49 19 30 1 21 1 7 75 24 51 14 1 2 11 23 98 48 50 21 3 7 9 10 165 l2 l 44 1 9 21 8 5 91 69 22 8 4 1 7 2 91 ?8 13 1 2 10 50 00 00 00 50 00 50 50 - 18 18 18 - 61 61 2 48 11 - 147 1 146 3 1 108 14 20 204 2 202 23 88 78 13 473 45 428 71 83 98 12 0 56 401 51 350 77 79 85 52 57 249 84 165 45 23 46 40 11 162 45 117 89 3 12 6 7 269 144 125 53 10 4 39 19 160 69 91 52 4 23 12 124 94 30 26 4 - 68 66 2 2 - 20 20 - 19 19 - 82. 50 68. 50 65. 00 - _ - 2 2 - 14 lb 9 26 26 16 64 64 39 48 37 23 32 30 17 33 13 3 50 6 3 201 3 6 297 2l - 17 " 5 - 116 40. 0 3 9 .5 39. 0 C le r k s , file , c la s s B ________ __ _____ M anufacturing _ _ Nonmanufacturing ____ __ __ __ __ P u blic u t ilit ie s * _________ ________ W holesale t r a d e __ ____ __ _____ R etail t r a d e 2 _ — _____ Finance f __ __ „ ____ _____ S erv ices ------------------------------------------ 1, 634 320 1, 314 137 148 273 511 245 39. 0 40. 0 39. 0 38 .5 3 9.5 40. 0 39. 0 3 8 .0 57. 00 6 7 .5 0 54. 50 57. 00 59. 00 5 2 .5 0 53. 50 54. 00 24 24 2 22 - 113 113 8 36 24 45 304 304 29 7 31 130 107 3 07 24 283 9 26 63 152 33 379 67 312 31 59 72 146 4 253 94 159 34 31 49 44 1 61 l6 43 16 15 6 6 44 26 18 3 4 6 5 73 24 49 2 3 44 54 46 8 3 5 - 15 14 1 1 - 4 4 - 3 3 - C lerk s, o rd e r _ M anufacturing ____ _____________ Nonmanufacturing _____________ ____ W holesale t r a d e _________ __ __ 448 150 298 176 40. 0 39 .5 40. 0 4 0 .0 71. 66. 67. 76. 8 8 - 15 15 - 24 24 - 47 27 9 -------- T 18 38 7 - 38 38 35 53 l6 37 34 49 12 37 36 15 7 8 4 58 35 23 18 34 31 3 24 7 17 10 C le r k s , p a y r o l l __ ________ ____ _____ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing P u blic u t ilit ie s * . _ R etail trade 2 ____________ _________ S erv ices - 1, 199 754 445 129 99 137 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 39. 0 40. 0 3 7 .5 82. 00 66. bo 72. 00 7 0 .5 0 63. 50 75. 00 _ - 1 1 14 14 2 12 48 27 21 6 8 2 92 21 71 34 20 12 130 47 83 16 24 29 108 43 65 26 7 16 171 95 76 16 6 45 108 31 27 10 8 7 110 93 17 3 2 5 128 99 29 5 1 17 C le r k s , file, c la s s A Nonm anufacturing Finance f ___________ ____________ See footn otes at end o f table. 1 9 . 00 63. 00 75 .0 0 78. 00 60. 00 5 9.50 74. 50 93. 00 104.50 84. 00 97. 00 85. 00 81. 00 78. 50 8 6 .5 0 50 00 50 00 - - - 1 19 - 19 6 10 3 - * _ - - _ _ - 32 31 1 1 - 21 9 12 11 1 - 6 6 - - _ 6 - --------r 3 3 - 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - 3 2 * _ " " _ - _ - _ - _ - " 43 22 21 21 7 2 5 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 89 76 13 2 1 67 67 - 59 54 5 3 - 31 29 2 - ' 9 .. 7 2 - _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ - - - - _ " . - - " _ - - - - - - 1 1 - - 3 3 - - i11 r - - _ ~ 7 TabJe A-1. O ffice Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a s is , by industry division, D etroit, M ich. , January 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— At u a g i Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number oi workers $ % S !s s $ s S $ $ $ $ $ S s $ $ 1 $ $ Weekly Weekly . Under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60.00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85. 00 90.0 0 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) $ and 40. 00 4"?5 5 50.00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over 1 i l | W omen— Continued i | $ 4 0 .0 78. 50 40. 0 ..84. 50' 4 0 .0 67.50 38. 5 70.00 4 0 .0 75.00 64.00 39.5 4 0 .0 61.50 . “ 5 5 5 - 45 45 35 - 36 5 31 4 13 14 93 44 49 6 2 12 24 108 37 71 5 13 18 33 267 71 196 14 23 18 6 161 81 80 3 46 20 7 136 Si 85 12 57 12 4 243 209 34 28 6 - 221 173 89 84 38 .5 40. 0 37 .0 70.00 77. 50 62. 50 “ - 17 17 12 5 7 23 2 21 24 8 16 10 9 1 14 13 1 21 5 16 15 1,891 1 , 100 791 171 163 122 229 106 4 0 .0 4(>. 0 39 .5 38. 5 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 39 .5 77. 50 84.50 68. 00 68.50 77.00 59.50 66.00 68. 50 - 14 14 6 8 - 15 15 6 5 4 - 45 45 2 25 15 3 69 69 11 3 15 37 3 314 122 192 53 42 40 48 9 206 44 162 24 14 11 51 62 198 7b 122 16 39 11 39 17 147 74 73 28 5 5 24 11 C om ptom eter o p e r a t o r s -------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------Pu blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale trade ----------------------------R etail trade 2 --------------------------------F in a n ce f------------------------------------------ 1,812 1, 165 647 50 190 163 88 D uplicating-m achine op erators (m im eograph or d i t t o ) -------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------------------------N onm an u factu rin g------------------------------K ey-punch op erators ------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic u tilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ---------------------------R etail trade 2 --------------------------------F in a n c e ^ ----------------------------------------S e rv ice s ----------------------------------------O ffice g irls ____________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N onm an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic u tilities * ---------------------------Finance ! —-------------------------------------- 291 — TJB 153 28 77 3 9 .5 39.5 39 .5 3 8.5 3 9.5 61.50 '7 0 .5 0 53.50 64. 00 50. 50 S e c r e t a r i e s ---------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g--------- --------------------Pu blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ---------------------------R etail trade 2 -------------------------------Finance ! ----------------------------------------S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------------ 4,683 2 ,"'677 , 006 251 3 74 234 645 502 3 9 .5 40. 0 38.5 38.5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8.5 3 7.5 9 4 .5 0 101.50 85.50 . 50 87.00 83.50 83.5 0 Stenographers, g e n e r a l--------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m anufacturing------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------R etail trade 2 -------------------------------Finance ! — ------------------------------------S erv ices ----------------------------------------- 6 ,076 4, 584 1,692 238 482 85 448 439 Stenographers, technical ----------------------- 207 See footnotes at end o f table, 2 6 6 3 45 56 - ------- r ---- T T ~ 3 44 39 4 28 26 - 86.00 - - 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 38. 5 39.0 39 .5 4 0 .0 39. 0 37 .0 85.00 89.50 73.00 77. 50 76.00 64.50 70. 00 72. 00 _ - „ _ - 3 9 .0 94 .0 0 - - 88 6 - l - 1 - 1 15 15 - 2 4 9 - 60 20 40 8 17 18 18 15 15 4 5 2 _ 3 13 " 6 “ 30 2 28 _ 3 19 6 - 172 — W 114 3 26 24 43 18 1 15 3 24 29 ----- I T — Z T ~ 1 7 - 12 101 1 7 94 171 32 139 7 49 32 3 17 58 39 6 356 128 228 31 48 27 86 36 2 22 224 48 176 19 45 36 36 40 428 389 93 ” 152 335 237 53 19 74 3 87 56 153 51 68 8 5 8 12 12 - 1 1 - • 1 - . - - _ - - - “ ■ _ ■ “ ~ ■ “ 2 2 - _ - “ - - 55 3b 19 19 - - - ■ ! _ - _ - _ - _ - > - _ - - _ - _ - _ 1 504 255 249 57 45 23 63 61 610 411 199 19 33 15 67 65 776 b33 143 13 17 399 342 57 17 19 160 1*8 117 94 23 15 81 b3 18 .. g 46 47 17 3 306 280 26 3 14 3 4 3 3 1387 1312 75 28 34 - 553 £32 255 245 10 7 3 2 - 159 159 - 141 141 - 3 3 - 34 63 17 17 16 1 32 1 7 24 - 252 243 9 5 4 - 197 187 10 10 - 15 ■ 15 15 ~ 21 16 5 1 1 ~ 186 151 35 15 12 8 - 205 187 18 6 6 2 3 1 299 284 15 2 13 - 136 124 12 2 10 - 9 4 5 5 - 36 36 - _ - 346 .....5F' 288 19 79 37 95 58 345 107 238 37 67 38 54 42 473 171 302 14 46 18 126 98 483 243 25 90 809 546 263 46 79 75 45 44 93 895 772 123 29 45 9 17 23 12 15 8 5 3 3 - z w 8 1 TW 16 21 2 10 34 | 34 ! - 20 10 2 8 1 2 12 2 1 3 6 8 i ! | | _ i ! - _ - 4 - 4 4 “ 24 16 - 1 1 - - _ - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 4 8 8 - 2 6 8 Table A -l. O ffice Occupatkm s-Contiaved (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a sis, by industry division , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Number t S S S • s S t $ S s t * $ 1 1 i » • S s Weekly j Z Z P y i Under 40. 00 45.00 50. 00 55. 00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 (Standard) (Standard) " and 40 45.0 0 50.00 55. 00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Women— Continued Sw itchboard op erators — M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------N onm an u factu rin g----P u blic u tilities * — W holesale trade — R etail trade * -------Finance t -------------S erv ices --------------Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t i o n i s t s -----M an u factu rin g------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------Finance f ---------------------------------------Tabulating-m achine operators M an u factu rin g--------------------N on m an ufactu ring-------------- T ra n scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs, gen eral --------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------N on m anufacturing-------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------Finance " f ----------------------------- 1,043 448 595 40 99 106 147 203 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 40. 0 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 40. 5 $ 74.50 86. 50 65.50 83.50 77.00 62. 50 63.50 58. 50 773 387 386 58 129 94 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 39. 0 39 .0 3 9.5 3 9 .0 334 rw 136 40. 0 40. 0 3 9.5 648 Z7JT 444 50 228 7 7 7 " 8 8 1 7 " 22 22 1 3 10 8 136 136 14 10 112 54 54 4 22 19 9 59 14 45 1 19 7 18 104 13 91 71.50 75.50 67. 50 68.00 75. 50 64. 50 12 12 - - 2 2 2 42 42 2 12 44 15 29 10 12 6 87. 50 95. 50 75.50 _ “ 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 _ 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9.0 40. 0 38. 5 74.00 86.50 68.00 77. 50 64. 50 . - . - - - “ - _ _ - - T yp ists, cla s s A -------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------N on m an u factu rin g-------P u blic u tilities * ----W holesale trade ---Finance t ----------------- 3,483 2, 841 642 143 100 330 4 0 .0 40. 0 39 .0 38.5 39.0 39.5 84. 50 87. 00 72. 00 81.00 80. 50 t6 . 00 Typists, cla ss B ------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------Pu blic u tilities * ---------------------------W holesale trade --------------------------Retail t r a d e * --------------------------------Finance t ---------------------------------------S ervices ----------------------------------------- 4, 058 1,601 2 ,4 5 7 306 355 239 1,020 537 39 .5 40. 0 39 .0 38 .5 3 9.5 4 0 .0 39. 0 38. 5 65. 50 73.00 61.00 67.00 67. 00 56.50 58.00 60. 50 _ 13 - - - 13 10 3 - 8 26 32 25 109 10 99 2 37 7 38 15 96 38 58 7 24 12 7 8 163 68 95 15 26 26 101 42 59 8 10 29 111 68 43 6 24 7 119 66 53 10 19 10 12 12 14 14 27 1 26 27 8 19 - 89 58 31 9 7 9 6 150 125 25 10 12 1 2 184 167 17 10 5 2 12 12 - 9 9 - 4 2 2 - - - - - - • - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 67 38 ' 29 2 23 2 57 50 7 3 2 14 12 2 2 - 6 6 - 13 13 - 9 9 - _ - 13 13 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 13 - - - - 39 15 24 34 23 11 46 34 12 62 - 59 3 45 41 4 13 13 3 3 1 1 - _ - _ - - ‘ ' ' ' _ f* ‘ 19 . - . - . “ _ ■ . - - _ _ _ _ - - - - 53 36 17 17 94 79 15 15 “ - 17 17 12 54 54 43 74 74 4 33 94 5 89 7 35 87 8 79 8 56 36 14 22 11 53 24 29 4 12 29 9 20 11 9 1 1 1 23 23 22 76 76 76 113 22 91 16 3 55 157 32 125 11 26 62 140 50 90 10 9 62 178 122 56 14 10 25 618 565 53 34 1 15 872 1168 8ZT" 1089 48 79 23 35 40 11 12 83 83H 145 30 115 6 28 81 487 83 404 11 18 68 238 69 758 107 651 44 36 50 2 74 247 735 163 572 93 74 45 271 89 612 273 339 27 115 32 110 55 369 155 214 52 72 6 27 57 365 275 90 51 18 317 280 37 14 11 176 159 17 8 9 43 38 5 2 29 29 12 9 1 11 - 3 29 29 ■ - _ “ 19 1 ■ 9 9 “ 39 39 15 15 _ - _ - - _ _ - _ _ - - 9 9 - - - - > 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees r e c e iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sala rie s and the earnings co rresp on d to these w eekly hours. * Excludes data fo r 2 large departm ent s to r e s. * T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities, t F inan ce, insurance, and re a l estate. _ - - - ~ . - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is , by industry division , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division D raftsm en, sen ior M anufacturing • Nonmanufacturing — P u blic u tilities * ■ S erv ices -----------D raftsm en, junior M anufacturing • N onm anufacturing ---P u blic u tilities * — S er v ic e s ---------------- N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------ Number of workers % % s i* s Is S s $ S * Is s Is Weeklyj Weekly! Under 70.00 75.00 80. 00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00)135.00 140.00 145.00jl 50.00 155.00 160.00 165.00| 170.00 hours e&mingB and (Standard) (Standard) $ under 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.0o!l55.00 160.00 165.00 170.00! over 1 | 2 ,6 6 7 ~T7W T 768 117 646 40 .0 4o. 0 4 0 .0 3 8.5 4 0 .0 $ 136.50 135.50 138.50 124. 00 141.50 . _ - - . - . " 1,215 903 312 38 270 39 .5 4d. 0 39 .5 3 8.5 3 9 .5 9 6.00 9 7.50 9 2 .5 0 91. 50 9 2 .5 0 62 33 29 29 9 1 8 8 57 43 14 13 126 83 43 13 30 235 39 .5 85.00 16 18 19 481 438 4 0 .0 40. 0 9 8 .0 0 99. 00 3 3 8 7 - 6 5 l l - 38 35 3 2 - 49 33 16 2 14 92 73 19 10 9 135 89 46 27 18 201 178 23 8 14 250 1 56 94 23 70 88 62 26 4 20 194 142 52 7 45 151 l29 22 8 13 234 186 48 3 45 85 67 18 3 15 118 88 30 61 39 22 12 12 10 10 30 22 - 28 85 44 16 9 33 25 40 29 80 79 90 54 128 123 73 71 12 11 5 4 1 2 1 1 _ 228 334 186 TE C 74 42 14 2 28 72 190 168 22 5 17 247 130 117 5 112 169 1Z1 48 4 44 211 108 103 14 89 149 109 40 40 208 113 95 95 93 90 !1 3 ! - | i 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 . - - - - ! - ; - - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 3 “ | j ! ! 65 44 21 21 - i_______ 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e c e iv e their regu lar straigh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings co rresp on d to these w eekly h ours. * T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e,h ou rly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is , by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959) NUMBER OF WORKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly 1 Under earning* $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 0 and under 2. 10 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-------------------- — ----------------R etail trade * -------------------------------------------F in a n cef ---------------------------------------------------- 866 667 199 51 56 $ 2 .9 0 Z. 94 2. 77 2 .9 8 2 .5 3 E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in t e n a n c e -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------- -------- —--------- ------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------- — 3,5 7 5 3,296 279 3 .0 7 3. b 1 3 .03 - _- 1 - E n gin eers, s t a t io n a r y --------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------ ------------- ,,.... ------N on m an u factu rin g.............. .............. ................... S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------- —— -------- 703 52 7 176 84 2 .9 8 3. 68 2 .6 9 2 .6 9 3 3 ~ 35 35 30 See footn otes at end o f table. . - 1 1 . - 2 2 - 1 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .6 0 $ 2. 70 2. 70 2.80 % 26 26 2 24 10 10 „ 10 5 2 3 1 1 36 17 19 12 5 22 12 10 8 2 18 18 1 - 3 3 “ 59 1 18 10 8 19 19 14 14 8 5 5 1 10 9 1 $ $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 50 3 .3 0 3 .40 3 .5 0 3. 60 6 6 . 26 11 15 3 12 5 6 • - 2 .9 0 3.00 3. 10 3 .2 0 223 263 256 7 1 $ 3.0 0 S 3 .3 0 $ 2 .9 0 3.1 0 3 .2 0 < 57 39 18 1 1 153 100 53 1 1 - f82 fr 291 273 18 1085 1073 12 1365 "1700 165 38 38 153 153 22 20 2 145 145 - 77 58 19 12 75 46 29 9 13 13 - 22 1 328 308 20 59 56 3 1 41 17 24 11 98 83 15 5 ... $ 2 .8 0 "21r 12 _ 1 26 8 18 17 - _ - 31 31' - - 8 26 Zb • 8 - $ 3. 60 and over 5 5 5 - 102 89 13 53 4b 7 6 10 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en ii^ se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a s is , by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich ., January 1959) NUMBER OF W0RKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly * Under earning* $ 2.00 F irem en , station ary b o i l e r -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------- —— --------------------------- -----— N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------------------- 778 629 149 H elp ers, tra d es, m a in t e n a n c e --------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------—.......... ..... ................. N onm an u factu rin g..... ........ ------------------------------P u blic utilities ----------------------------------------- 815 681 134 * 101 68 M a ch in e-tool o p era to rs, t o o l r o o m --------------------- J . 7 2 4 M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------- ——------------ ---------------— 2, 723 $ 2.51 2. 61 2 .0 8 1.91 $ 2.00 and m > r $ 2. 10 2.20 396 15 81 77 61 61 - 2 22 22 2 .4 0 2 .4 2 2 .3 0 2.41 22 22 1 13 13 5 25 3 .0 6 3. 06 “ 3 .0 6 - 24 $ 2.20 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 $ 2 .5 0 *2. 60 2. 70 * 2 .8 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 36 35 - - - 425 404 71 29 42 34 149 136 n - 58 46 5 5 19 16 3 - “ _ - “ ” " - “ 5 4 83 83 110 no 58 58 . - - _ - 4 4 11 11 7 7 3 - 24 18 52 52 48 16 38 7 15 42 12 30 30 - 73 46 27 20 5 357 83 274 191 49 16 17 5 12 79 37 42 6 6 118 117 20 2 21 18 M ech an ics, autom otive (m a in ten a n ce)---------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------------------- 1,305 604 701 500 132 2. 80 2 .8 4 2. 76 2. 81 2 .6 0 7 7 7 - 7 7 7 14 14 1 13 36 30 M ech an ics, m a in te n a n c e ------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------- —---- -----------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------- -------- 3 ,6 0 4 3, 37? 227 3 .0 4 3. 04 2 .9 7 - . - 28 24 4 _ “ - M il l w r i g h t s ---------------------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g ----------------------------------------- —------ 2 ,9 7 9 2 ,9 7 4 3.01 3.01 _ _ _ _ 6 6 O i l e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------- —------ -------------- 1,021 1,0 0 7 "" 2 .4 7 2 .4 8 2 ■ P a in ters, m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------Finance f ------------------------------------------------------ 797 572 225 112 2.86 2 .6 5 2. 69 - 2 P ip e fitte rs , m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------- 1,995 1,918 3.0 0 2 .9 9 _ P lu m bers, m a in t e n a n c e ------------------------------------M anufacturing ------- —--------- ------- —------------------- 123 79 S heet-m etal w o rk e rs , m a in te n a n c e -------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------------------------------- 430 T ool and die m a k e r s ------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g-------------------------------------------------- 5,216 5,215 - - 6 1 - 1 14 2 87 87 - 59 37 22 62 59 3 - 3. 00 3. 10 89 7 $3.1 0 $3 .2 0 3 .2 0 W~--------_7— _ _ 3 .3 0 $ 3.40 $3. 50 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 10 10 12 12 $ 3.60 and over ------ ------ -----=-----_ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - „ - - _ - 719 719 1235 1235 162 rsz 55 55 1 _ 74 63 248 248 35 35 3 3 19 19 _ 422 208 214 179 32 151 82 69 69 131 125 2 4 5 5 _ . - 10 1 9 _ - _ _ _ _ 173 154 19 438 425 13 369 369 - 441 438 3 1844 1712 132 114 114 “ 3 3 - 20 20 5 5 255 255 455 455 1745 1741 75 75 5 5 42 42 67 67 18 18 4 4 _ “ 2 2 5 5 99 165 163 79 77 135 133 “ 55 55 52 19 13 - 127 127 - - “ 55 4? 243 T42 410 40 3 1086 1080 62 9 54 64 61 61 16 11 22 16 9 22 22 19 19 14 14 _ - 75 69 94 94 227 227 5 5 169 169 40 40 622 622 1340 1339 2677 2677 292 292 436 "436 113 113 2 - 33 > 33 31 34 15 19 17 7 7 - 13 8 5 - 24 24 8 _ _ _ _ 3 “ “ - “ - 3 10 9 2 2 .8 2 2 .9 8 . - . - 1 5 - 18 “ 3 - - - 4 “ 2 .9 6 2 .9 7 - - - _ - - - - - 21 3. 17 3 .1 7 - . - - - - - 79 79 24 64 1 3 1 2 2 24 25 20 5 5 2 289 -----Z B T 2 6 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. E xcludes data fo r 2 large departm ent s to r e s . W orkers w ere distributed as fo llo w s : 4 at $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1 .5 0 ; 4 at $ 1.50 to $ 1 .6 0 ; 2 at $ 1 .6 0 to $1. 70; 14 at $1. 70 to $1. 80; 46 at $1. 80 to $ 1 .9 0 ; 26 at $ 1 .9 0 to $2. T ransportation (excluding ra ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s, Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. 3 .3 0 $ - 21 21 1 3 .0 0 - 7 7 - — $ _ _ _ - 12 " 119 2 .9 0 - 8 8 12 ~ 2. 80 < 120 54 35 19 555 535 1 a 3 * f 2 .4 0 61 61 - M achinists, m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g----------------—------------------------------- ~T7TH $ 7 ------- T~ _ - i 75 75 - - 2 2 . _ " _ . _ _ - 42 42 - 24 24 ~ 16 16 - 289 289 _ _ _ - - _ _ . _ “ - - - 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 _ . - _ _ - - 8 8 - - - 5 3 3 3 3 '3 _ - - _ - 7 69 69 - 6 2 189 T89~ - 1 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a s is , by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959) | NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation Number of workers 1and industry d ivision E levator o p e ra to rs , passen ger (m en) ____ _________________ N onm anufacturing 173 E levator o p e r a to r s , p assen ger (wom en) N onm anufacturing ____ ___________ ____ _ R etail tr a d e 696 69T S ervices __ _____________________ 4 4 4^4 125 3, 520 3, 333 187 137 Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs ( m e n ) ________ M anufacturing ________ __ _ __ __ __ Nonmanufacturing P u blic utilities * W holesale trade ........ . R etail tr a d e _____________________________ F in a n ce ! — — ____ — __ __ __ ___ S erv ices _ _ Jan itors, p o r te r s , and M anufacturing N onm anufacturing P u blic u tilitie s * R etail tr a d e _ F in a n ce ! S erv ices __ __ 1.21 1.21 1. 00 1 1.20 111 __ __ Guards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing F in a n ce! 1 00 1. 10 $1.20 1 00 1 10 1.20 1.30 60 4 $ Average hourly , Under . earnings* and $ under . . $ _ _ 1. 83 1. 32 - c le a n e rs (w om en )______ 2, 842 IT T __ ________ _ _ _________ ____ __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ ....... 2, 065 59 264 1, 092 - _ - 1.99 2. 19 1. 52 1.96 1.94 1.29 1.50 1.45 35 35 33 _ 181 181 285 285 138 41 133 1.47 1.95 1.29 1.77 . 16 1.29 1. 30 50 50 - 1 626 __ __ __ L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling M anufacturing N onm anufacturing _ _ __ _ .. . . P u blic utilities * __________________________ W holesale trade __________________________ R etail tr a d e ____ __ ____ __ _ 10, 590 7, 877 2,7 1 3 756 , 080 851 2 .2 4 2 .3 6 . 08 2. 53 2. 07 1.72 __ _ _ __ __ O rder fille r s _ _ M anufacturing _ ______ Nonmanufacturing __ ____ _ ____ W holesale trade ____ ___ R etail tr a d e __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ 2,209 --------57T — 1, 531 1, 078 323 2 .2 4 P a ck e rs , shipping ( m e n ) _______________________ M anufacturing _ __ __ __ __ __ N on m an u factu rin g ___________________________ W holesale trade ___ 1, 353 — T7T5T 198 163 P a ck e rs , shipping (wom en) M anufacturing _ 413 --------J t t 4 4 R eceiving cle r k s M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing ....... .... W holesale t r a d e _____ R etail tr a d e __ __ __ __ ... 154 154 3 12 86 8 5 30 53 110 110 _ - _ 92 13 13 - 8 - _ 12 94 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 12 12 20 190 20 _ 3 - 33 28 28 _ 28 57 57 _ _ 57 109 _ 109 108 80 80 4 23 20 11 11 1 8 8 10 2 2 2 4 4 " _ _ - - - 126 48 9 9 3 6 3 3 - _ 5 _ - 14 14 _ 1 1 3 3 6 ' 23 2 5 3 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 $ 1.70 * 1$. 80 1.90 2. 00 $2. 10 2.20 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2.20 2 .3 0 _ _ _ 1 2 92 2 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 $ - 3 2 2 71 528 135 130 9 9 190 658 93 565 5 69 416 75 20 2 .4 6 2 .3 4 2 .4 9 1. 60 792 48 744 2 2 .5 7 1.96 2 7 W f. 50 299 l9 280 4 7 95 _ “ 2.21 2 2 2 1.40 359 19 340 279 24 37 _ - — 99 57 2 2 8 12 2 1 1 1 _ 2 .3 4 — 534 ------- _ __ See footnotes at end o f table. __ W 2. 19 2. 18 2. 18 2.2 5 2 .2 8 124 59 54 __ __ . 2 zT T T 2. 06 2.20 2. 16 2.22 416 ------.......... — 4 Shipping c le r k s __ _ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade 2 1 301 561 28 ■ - 1.99 l i t 57 57 41 41 41 1. 88 2, 700 436 188 927 605 544 18 18 378 78 50 2 .45 8, 970 6, 15 15 ! . 30 4 4 4 7 7 7 15 15 13 367 53 314 287 43 244 27 7 272 35 237 23 19 39 156 - 22 16 59 91 126 1 389 1 2 110 276 62 621 390 100 107 3 33 14 19 _ 1 18 46 9 37 _ 6 60 30 3 3 44 44 37 7 1 2 9 9 2 43 ------FT 24 16 18 io 8 1 _ 1 6 21_ 21 21 12 24 34 34 34 30 30 28 1 1 - - 3 3 3 9 9 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 _ 1 1 _ 2 2 - - ------- T _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 172 133 39 - 557 1982 5US 1876 106 49 84 17 9 14 5 3 - 2731 2581 150 82 60 576 543 33 353 5 l8 35 35 _ - 80 80 - 268 21! 51 9 17 7 7 _ - 10 1 29 29 28 1 21 W 2 3 - - 2. 80 123 119 4 - 7 _ 2 .7 0 - ~ _ 2 .6 0 106 85 - 5 - 2. 50 - 9 9 7 2 11 11 7 21 21 1 2 20 82 82 - 202 616 291 275 ~ 2 8 T ------ T E 341 156 _ 325 9 87 16 — 2 .4 0 83 55 30 30 1 195 _ 195 172 23 $ 2. 70 - 3 - 17 0 139 9 ----- 7 2 98 130 _ _ 63 80 67 18 2 .6 0 70 54 16 16 52 36 16 - 51 5 - $ 2 .5 0 - 2 10 3 18 20 60 78 62 $2 .4 0 41 18 23 23 225 35 190 132 30 _ 199 15 174 $2. 30 8 - 1152 1566 1149 'T361 ' _ 3 - 21 2 1 - 181 186 25 15 4 _ - 91 85 7 9 9 901 267 634 r - _ - 601 26 JT — 66 8 _ 325 r - — 325- — 34 17 59 ------ 32 — r r W 4 9 3 9 2 2 41 14 5 ------ J T 8 9 — 4 4 151 42 n 1\ r 21 8 20 12 1 20 1 40 40 - 4 4 — 265 37 2 5 T U 10 1 13 13 4 18 15 . - - 2 2 - _ - 6 121 6 2 6 22 . _ - 4 4 _ _ _ _ - 12 and over _ _ 41 41 _ _ _ - _ 42 29 13 3. 00 _ _ - 1 22 1 22 $ 3. 00 _ _ 116 TT ~ - 12 _ $ 2 .9 0 _ _ - 1021 60 6 32 - -----8 1 - -------- JT 1 _ 1 8 16 8 -------8 7 6 2. 80 2. 90 - 38 38 - 1050 420 752 2965 2513 3W iT (T " 2 7 i S -2 2 5 1 " — w r 60 63 255 302 227 94 37 15 58 48 36 183 149 7 64 97 119 107 96 127 230 75 — nr — H E 33 T ------ 31 ----- J T ------ 5F 40 74 73 94 667 73 40 37 419 3 28 23 192 78 64 39 316 435 245 ll 77 42 315 376 245 28 3 59 28 3 59 12 8 8 w _ - 6 9 15 13 - 1 68 124 46 -------- j 3 43 117 28 105 15 " - 6 - _ $ 115 7 7 7 27 27 _ - 7 3 4 3 1 15 7 8 7 30 3o _ _ 28 28 28 - 2 2 2 " 22 16 4 4 “ 5 4 1 1 24 17 7 7 _ " - 1 1 14 14 - _ - 10 10 " 34 20 14 14 ~ 7 7 7 " 20 20 - 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a s is , by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Shipping and receiv in g c le r k s _________ M anufacturing __ _ _ N onm anufacturing ............. ............................... P u b lic utilities * __ _ _ W holesale trade _ ................... . _ $ * $ Avenge $ $ 1.30 1.40 Under 1. 00 1. 10 1.20 eemtoge2 and $ 1. 00 under It 20 1 .3 0 - 1..1Q, 1.5Q $ _ _ 1,357 2 .3 9 2 .43 ^F98 359 2 .2 9 87 2 .4 6 220 2 .2 2 - T r u c k d r iv e r s 5 _ _ _ _ _ ....... M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing ........................ P u blic u t ilitie s * ...... --W holesale trade R etail tr a d e 4 _ . 5,934 2, 539 3,395 1,468 1, 163 622 2 .5 7 2. 54 2 .5 9 2 .6 9 2 .5 2 2 .5 5 478 304 174 2, 004 1, 283 721 391 163 Number of worker* O ccupation 1 and industry d ivision 1.10 __ T ru ck d riv e rs , light (under l 1/* tons) M anufacturing , ..... . Nonmanufacturing T ru ck d riv e rs , m edium (IV including 4 tons) M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade ---R etail tr a d e 4 2to and ... . _ ---- T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (over 4 tons, t r a ile r type) M anufacturing ___ Nonmanufacturing P u blic utilities * _ __ W holesale trade _ _ _ ... T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (over 4 tons, other than tr a ile r t y p e ) __ __ __ __ M anufacturing _.... Nonmanufacturing P u blic utilities * ______________________ _ $ 1.90 < 1.60 1.70 1. 80 1-90 2 .0 0 2. 1Q_ 2 .2 0 _ - 7 7 7 12 12 12 35 _ 35 _ 35 38 38 3 28 25 18 7 5 _ 2.00 t $ 2. 10 2 .2 0 13 11 — 2 - t 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 < 2 .6 0 S 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2. 80 2. 90 2 .3 0 14 ir - 55 23 32 10 - 126 126 5 100 9 34 19 15 4 9 379 193 186 12 169 5 464 432 32 9 7 16 512 326 186 57 7 52 25 14 11 136 799 59 69? -------97 — r 102 39 13 2 50 17 1 95 55 % 2 .9 0 and 3. 00 29 21 8 _ 8 54 46 8 _ 8 1361 1502 124 785 1076 1378 11 1343 774 1 284 34 9 9 _ _ - _ _ 4 4 " _ - _ - 69 56 13 9 2 1 3. 00 37 - — 29" 8 _ _ 7 - 2 4 - 3 3 34 6 6 10 4 - - 3 1 3 - 34 22 6 _ - 6 2 10 1 _ 5 2 .3 0 2 .4 5 2. 06 - 2 2 4 4 _ - 2 2 3 3 31 31 6 6 4 4 10 _ 10 25 18 7 26 26 14 1 13 73 64 9 43 39 4 2. 55 2 .5 9 2 .4 9 2 .4 1 2 .5 5 - - - - - - 3 3 3 _ - - - - 35 35 35 - 20 288 330 18 — r r ? | T D 9 174 2 21 169 16 5 205 147 56 3 " 395 263 132 10 122 353 162 9 170 -----47" --------y 183 115 1 173 3 14 - 2, 757 2 .6 2 -------- T U B ----- 2 7 5 T 2 .6 5 1,989 1, 055 2 .7 2 2 .5 4 521 - - _ - _ - 1 1 - - _ - _ _ - 2 2 _ - - _ 65 65 65 93 41 52 - 634 499“ 135 8 70 753 1119 64 75 678 1055 11 1035 386 - - - - 240 ----------ST 183 143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 .6 4 2. 52 2 .6 8 2 .7 0 1, 087 755 --------577T 379 34 68 51 209 _ - 40 - ------ 413 — - _ _ _ _ - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 4 1 1 1 1 - _ - _ 114 - ------ 7 ? 35 35 139 - _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 5 _ _ 11 64 110 - ~ W 64 70 2 7 15 57 53 20 20 5 15 51 51 27 24 ~ 17 22 22 3 5 14 2 .4 7 _ _ 1.75 2. 05 1.47 2 .2 0 1.40 1.59 1.30 . 47 47 4 43 _ “ _ - “ Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w here otherw ise indicated. E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. W orkers w ere distributed as fo llo w s: 24 at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90 and 54 at $ 0. 90 to $ 1. E xcludes data fo r 2 la rge departm ent s to r e s. Inclu des all d r iv e r s r e g a rd le s s o f size and type o f truck operated. A ll w ork e rs w ere at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30. T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), com m u nication, and other public u tilities, Finance, in su ran ce, and real estate. 1 1. 80 2 - T ru c k e r s , pow er (other than fo rk lift) 1 2 3 4 5 6 * f $ 1.70 - 3,776 2 .3 6 3, 349 ----- 2715" 427 2 .3 6 103 2 .5 0 203 2 .33 121 2 .3 1 Watchmen . _ .. . _ _ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing Pu blic utilities * _ _. ............ R etail tr a d e 4 ______________________________ F inan cet — — _____ S ervices _ __ _ ___ __ _ $ 1.60 - T ru c k e r s , pow er (fo rk lift) _____ M anufacturing _ __ ____ _ ____ ____ Nonm anufacturing _ _ ___ P u blic u t ilit ie s * W holesale trade R etail tr a d e 4 __ _ _ ... t 1.50 — r n 2 1 1 7 70 43 40 ------- — 30 5 1 1 17 4 “ “ JB 128 11 11 4 48 77 r ------- — 10 15 1 _ 14 6 ■ TB vr 4 50 v r 1 1 - 1250 979" 321 21 105 183 138 136 "" 2 68 28 40 - 4 2 04 204 _ _ _ - ' - - 6 204 - ' "204 - 10 9 1 1 8 l - 61 31 30 13 22 22 - 137 9 128 128 - " - 234 2148 216 "1972“ 18 176 17 70 18 89 806 ’ 696 110 35 75 “ 161 122 39 39 - 44 32 12 12 - 95 77 18 18 - _ - " 27 27 " 106 10 8 29 9 - 99 3 101 32 -------- j £0 — 79" 22 12 8 21 - 25 25 - 12 12 - 5 5 - 3 3 - j 1 - - ' ' " " 1 1 1 45 763 9 _ B : E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c tic e s and S u p p le m e n t a r y W a g e 13 P r o v is io n s Table B-l. Shift Differentials (P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r sh ift w o r k , and in e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly o p e ra tin g late s h ifts by type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, D e tr o it , M ic h . , J an u ary 1959) In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l T h ir d o r oth er sh ift w o r k S e co n d shift w o rk T o t a l .......................................................................................................... 9 9 .2 9 6 .9 W ith sh ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l 9 9 .2 ___________________ U n ifo rm ce n ts (p er h o u r) ________________ S e co n d sh ift I T h ir d o r oth er sh ift 2 2 .7 6 .6 9 6 .9 2 2 .7 6 .6 ___ 3 3 .5 3 2 .2 6 .6 2 .9 5 c e n ts _____________ _____________________ __________ 6 ce n ts ____ ___ _________ . . . . . . ___ ___ . . . . ___ _______ 7 o r 7 Vz c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------8 ce n ts __ _________ _ 8 1/? c e n ts __ _ . 9 o r 9V2 ce n ts _ __ _________ 10 c e n t s ___ _______ _____________ __ 11 c e n t s __ i . __ __ __ ______ _ _ 12 o r 12 Vz c fe n t s __ _ _______ _ __ _ . __ 13 o r 14 ce n ts _____________ ____ ________ _______ 15 ce n ts O v e r 15 c e n ts ____ __ __ __ __ _____ ____ 3. 3 .9 4 .9 9 .1 1 .4 .6 7 .5 .7 2 .4 _ 2 .7 - .5 1 .6 2 .3 1 .4 1 .3 8 .0 .4 8 .3 _ 2 .9 5 .6 .7 .2 1 .0 1 .8 .3 .1 1 .4 . 1 .4 _ .7 - .1 .1 .3 ( 2) .6 _ 1 .2 _ .2 .4 U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e ___ __ _______ __ 4 percen t _ _ _ ______ ________ _____ 5 p e r c e n t ____ __ . ________ __ __ ____ ________ 7 p ercen t _ __ __ ____ ____ __ ______ 7 V? p e r c e n t ______ 10 p e r c e n t _____ __ _ ________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 6 4 .0 .2 6 0 .5 .4 2. 9 6 2 .2 .5 2 0 .7 4 1 .0 1 5 .4 .1 1 4.9 . 1 .3 3 .5 .1 1 .5 2 .0 1 .7 2 .5 O th er ____ __ No sh ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l _ _ __ _____ __ ____ ___ ________ In e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly o p e r a tin g — .7 " 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ift s , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g e ven though they w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ifts . 2 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . .1 " 14 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D istrib u tio n o f esta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m e n tran ce sa la r y fo r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s , D e tr o it, M ic h ., January 1959) In e x p e r ie n c e d typ ists Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary1 A ll industries 100 266 12 18 5 7 6 2 3 2 4 3 45 60 1 1 2 9 3 5 6 10 2 5 6 2 2 1 3 2 22 66 18 155 2 2 6 4 16 10 26 11 Establishments having a £specified m in im u m ----------------Under $37.50 _ $37.50 and under $40. 00 . $40.00 and under $42. 50 _ $42.50 and under $45. 00 . $45.00 and under $47. 5 0 ........................ $47.50 and under $50. 00 . $50.00 and under $52. 50 _ $52.50 and under $55. 00 ____ ______ _ _ __ ___ $55.00 and under $57., 5 0 ................................................... $57.50 and under $60., 0 0 ................................................... ____ __________ $60.00 and under $62. 5 0 ______ $62.50 and under $65., 0 0 ................................................... $65.00 and under $67., 5 0 ................................................... $67.50 and under $70., 0 0 .............................................. $70.00 and under $72., 5 0 ................................................... ............................................. $72.50 and under $75.,00 $75.00 and under $77., 5 0 ................................................... $77.50 and under $80. 0 0 ................................... $80.00 and over — Establishments having no specified minimum __________ Establishments which did not employ w orkers in this category Manufacturing Based on standard weekly hours3 of— A ll schedules Establishments s tu d ie d _________________________________ O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 Nonmanufac tur ing 16 40 XXX A ll schedules 37 y2 166 XXX 383/4 40 XXX XXX 95 2 2 6 3 15 8 17 8 11 6 8 3 2 1 1 1 1 23 XXX XXX XXX 48 XXX XXX 56 1 1 2 9 2 4 5 10 2 5 6 2 2 1 3 1 11 “ 1 4 5 1 - A ll industries 11 ■ 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 - XXX 64 2 1 5 2 12 7 8 5 5 4 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours3 of— A ll schedules 266 100 174 3 3 11 10 22 10 26 13 16 15 15 6 4 3 2 5 64 “ ~ 2 3 2 8 6 5 40 XXX 2 4 46 XXX 46 13 4 37 166 XXX 60 “ “ “ 2 3 2 8 4 5 8 8 2 4 3 1 4 3 1 2 9 8 2 4 3 1 4 3 1 3 23 A ll schedules y2 XXX 110 3 3 11 8 19 8 18 7 11 6 7 4 12 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 “ _ " ” " ■ ■ 1 383/4 XXX 12 “ “ “ 2 2 1 2 “ 1 3 1 " “ “ ■ “ " 40 XXX 76 2 2 10 6 13 5 13 3 6 5 4 2 ” “ 1 1 1 1 XXX 1 1 23 XXX XXX XXX XXX 33 XXX XXX XXX 1 L ow est s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d fo r h irin g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s fo r typing or other c le r i c a l jo b s . 2 R a tes a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g i r ls , o r sim ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d . 3 H ours r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e their re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a r e p re se n te d fo r a ll w o rk w eek s c o m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t com m on w ork w eek s r e p o r t e d . Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs o f fir s t -s h ift w o r k e r s , D e tro it, M ic h ., January 1959) OFFICE WORKERS [ W eek ly h ou rs A ll w o r k e r s ____ _ __ __ — --------------- All industries _ ------- Under 35 h ou rs — _____ __ „ __ __ _ __ __ 35 h ou rs _______ __ ______ _____ __ ___ ___ O ver 35 and under 37^ h o u r s — — ________ 37V2 h ou rs — — — -------------- — ---------------------O ver 37l/ 2 h ou rs and under 40 h ou rs ------40 h ou rs _ __ ____ ___ ___ _____________ _ O ver 40 and under 44 h ou rs _____________________ 44 h ou rs . _____ _____ _ __ ____ __ O ver 44 and under 48 h o u r s ______ _ _ — — 48 h ou rs _ __ _ _ _ _______ _____ _____ — O ver 48 h o u r s _____ „ ------ ------ ------- — 1 2 3 * f 100 ( 3) i 2 6 6 85 ( 3) ( 3) Public utilities* Wholesale trade 100 100 _ _ 2 1 97 - 39 27 34 ” 100 _ 2 6 12 80 “ Manufacturing E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la rg e departm ent s t o r e s . In clu des data fo r r e a l e state in add ition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t. T r a n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s , F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 1 100 _ 3 3 87 6 1 “ Financef 100 _ ( 3) 10 6 10 74 “ z All industries Services 100 3 16 12 8 57 4 1 “ 100 1 ( 3) 1 2 90 2 1 1 2 ( 3) Manufacturing 100 1 1 2 92 l 3) 1 (3) 2 “ Public utilities* 100 Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 100 100 _ _ ( 3) 98 1 - 95 3 3 2 75 14 3 2 3 “ ' ' Services 100 8 82 ( 3) 4 6 15 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by n u m ber o f paid h olid a ys p ro v id e d annually, D e tr o it, M ich . , January 1959) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Item All industries A ll w o r k e r s _ _ _ __ _ __ _ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m e n ts provid in g paid h olid a ys __ __ _ W o rk e rs in esta b lish m e n ts provid in g no paid h olid a ys _ _ _ _ _ Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade1 Financet Services All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade1 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 98 97 99 100 100 94 65 2 3 1 - - 6 35 _ 2 _ 8 ( 3) 72 15 1 1 1 _ - 2 . _ 22 1 74 - _ _ _ 61 _ 13 2 10 3 9 _ _ 2 100 100 100 100 ( 3) - - - “ _ _ 7 ( 3) 82 9 1 1 ( 3) - . 1 17 3 ( 3) 79 - 49 4 11 2 6 3 23 . 84 11 4 . - - - 3 - 21 4 4 3 3 1 3 2 54 5 - N um ber o f d a y s 1 h olid ay _ _ 3 h olid a ys .... _ _ ...... 3 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days _ __ .. .... .. 5 h olid a y s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 h o l id a y s ---- -_____________________ _ . ______ 6 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day 6 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf d a y s _ _ 6 h olid a y s plus 3 h a lf days 7 h olid a ys ___ ___ __________ ___ _ 7 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day ---7 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days 8 h olid a y s _ ... 8 h olid a y s plus 2 h a lf days 9 h olid a y s _____ 9 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day 9 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days _ 10 h olid a ys 12 h olid a ys ( 3) - 20 2 51 1 12 1 1 2 ( 3) 8 1 ( 3) ( 3) - 1 _ - 86 13 - - - - - - - - - - 1 " 1 1 6 62 66 72 75 79 100 100 100 100 100 13 98 98 98 98 98 1 <3 ) ( 3) 22 1 54 ( 3) 16 1 1 1 ( 3) - - - - - - “ _ 2 3 89 90 98 98 99 99 99 74 76 98 98 98 100 100 5 _ _ _ 83 _ 1 _ 3 2 _ _ - _ _ 5 60 ( 3) - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - T o ta l h o l i d a y tim e 4 12 days _ ___ . . . 10 or m o r e d a y s ______________________ ____________ 9 1/* o r m o r e days _ ... 9 o r m o r e days _ ___ _ _ 8 o r m o r e days _ _____ 7 1/* o r m o r e days _ .. ._ _ 7 o r m o r e days 6V» o r m o r e days 6 o r m o r e days ___ ____________________________ _ 5 o r m o r e days 4 o r m o r e days ____________ ______—.....- ----- ------ -3 o r m o r e days 1 o r m o r e days __ _____ 1 2 3 4 and no * t (?) ( 3) 10 13 14 78 80 99 99 99 99 99 _ 2 2 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 _ - _ 79 82 99 100 100 100 100 _ 3 3 3 26 30 47 51 100 100 100 100 100 _ 1 1 5 16 100 100 100 100 100 _ _ ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 2 3 73 74 95 95 97 97 97 E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e departm ent s t o r e s . Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t. A ll com b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sam e am ount a r e co m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g h a lf d a y s, 6 fu ll days and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s, and so on. P r o p o r tio n s w e re then cu m u lated. T ra n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s , F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te . _ a total o f 7 days _ 2 2 2 11 16 39 39 100 100 100 100 100 _ 2 2 6 6 89 89 89 89 94 _ _ . . ( 3) 60 65 65 65 65 in clu d es those w ith 7 fu ll days 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions., Detroit, M ic h ., January 1959) OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s __ _ __ All industries ______ ___ ___ Public utilities* Manufacturing 100 100 99 99 1 - 100 99 1 - Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 1 Finance! Services ^ 1 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - “ “ “ All , industries 1 100 Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 87 13 ( 3) 100 99 1 - 100 95 5 - 100 100 - 92 92 - M eth od o f p oy m on t W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovid in g paid v a ca tion s __ __ __ __ __ __ L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent _______ _ __ P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ___ __ _ __ Othe r __ __ ___r______________ ___ ___________ ____ W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g no paid v a ca tio n s _ ___ __ . * 99 88 12 - 99 90 10 ( 3) I 3) ( 3) “ “ “ - 8 7 41 11 11 10 5 1 1 12 2 1 2 _ 18 - 12 9 1 - 6 18 - ( 3) 6 1 - _ 29 _ 70 1 85 4 9 1 1 88 6 4 _ 53 _ 86 _ 6 _ 76 _ 16 - <3 ) “ “ 2 74 3 3 1 87 2 4 1 27 (?) ( 3) _ 45 3 - 13 23 - 1 80 3 3 _ 12 _ 88 - _ 3 _ 20 _ 80 _ 71 _ 29 _ 2 _ 98 - - - - - _ 46 54 - - - " ( 3) 1 99 - 3 97 - 9 91 - 8 92 - _ . 100 - 16 72 12 - *70 6 6 23 ( 3) 1 *80 6 7 11 ( 3) 1 15 7 755 s 35 ( 3) 2 6 7 73 • 19 ( 3) 2 - * A m ount o f v o c a t io n p a y A fte r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e L e s s than 1 w eek ______ __ 1 w eek __ __ ____ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 w eek s __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _ - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e L e s s than 1 w e e k ____________ ___ ________________ 1 w eek _. O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s 2 w eek s O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s ___ 3 w eek s _ __ __ _ - 97 - - - _ 75 _ 25 _ 1 - “ _ 83 _ 17 _ - 15 1 83 1 44 ( 3) 56 - 34 _ 66 - 1 98 12 13 75 98 57 4 32 - - - - - 47 - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _ O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s 2 w eek s _ O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s 3 w eek s 2 ( 3) 97 1 - __ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s 2 w eeks (T ver 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w ee k s 3 w eeks 1 _. .... ...... ( 3) 97 1 1 _ ( 3) 98 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - - 100 100 97 100 - - - - 73 12 3 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. _ 1 _ _ 2 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by v a ca tio n pay p r o v is io n s , D e tro it, M ich . , January 1959) OFFICE WORKERS; V a ca tio n p o lic y All industries Manufscturing _ 82 13 5 _ 79 19 1 _ 20 4 75 _ 14 5 80 (3) _ 47 _ 53 8 ( 3) 89 ( 3) 2 _ 6 1 93 _ 1 _ 8 ( 3) 82 ( 3) 9 _ 8 ( 3) 73 1 19 Public utilities* Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade1 Financet Services All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade1 Services A m o u n t o ! v o c a t i o n p a y 4— C o n tin u e d A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek .... _ __ ------ ... . ....2 w eeks . ...... O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _ __ _ 3 w eek s ----------------------------------------------------------------- _ 86 6 7 _ 70 30 _ 87 4 9 _ 73 12 15 ( 3) 90 5 5 29 2 67 3 _ 36 _ 57 7 _ 16 2 82 - _ 37 _ 59 3 ( 3) 18 58 23 _ 6 _ 94 - _ 9 _ 89 _ 3 _ 25 _ 68 . 7 _ 6 _ 87 3 4 _ 6 1 91 1 2 _ 6 _ 73 21 _ 9 _ 66 25 _ 25 _ 59 _ 16 _ 6 1 87 1 5 _ 6 _ 42 _ 52 _ 9 . 52 _ 40 _ 25 _ 27 _ 48 98 _ 2 81 6 86 2 80 _ 20 19 1 51 1 48 - 38 15 45 1 31 _ 65 4 6 78 _ 8 ( 3) _ _ 100 _ _ 13 _ 76 _ 11 _ 14 _ 82 _ 4 6 56 _ 29 _ 1 _ 75 25 . 13 _ 49 _ 38 _ 14 _ 69 17 6 56 _ 29 1 _ _ . 43 _ 57 _ 13 _ 43 _ 45 _ 14 _ 6 49 _ 37 . 1 91 6 3 98 1 9 76 15 ( 3) _ 31 _ 62 _ 7 ( 3) 8 3 84 3 2 _ 4 4 87 4 1 6 _ 74 _ 20 _ 31 _ 51 _ 17 ( 3) 8 3 79 4 7 _ 4 4 84 5 3 _ 6 _ 56 _ 38 _ 25 _ 57 _ 17 ( 3) 7 3 71 4 15 _ 4 4 80 5 7 A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek .... . . . ... 2 w eek s _ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s 3 w eek s _ ..... ................. 4 w eek s ........... . . ___ . _ ............... . ..... ............. 1 A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek 2 w eek s O ver 2 and 3 w eeks O ver 3 and 4 w eek s _ _ ---_ ---_ _ under 3 w e e k s ... _ _ . _ .................. under 4 w e e k s _______________________ ....... - A fter 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _ . . . 2 w eek s _ O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s 3 w eek s __ _ 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------ _ A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek . ............ 2 w eek s 3 w eek s _ _ O ver 3 and under 4 w ee k s _ 4 w eeks .......... __ _. _ __ ____ .. ._ . .. E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e departm ent s t o r e s . Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fl e c t the individ ual p r o v is io n s in clu d e changes in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . s e r v ic e The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d a s fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 74; m anufacturin g 83. The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d a s fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 6; m anufacturin g 7. The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d as fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 60; m anufacturin g 75. The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d as fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 28; m anufacturin g 15. ♦ T ra n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s . t F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r ex a m p le , the chan ges 45 . 41 in p ro p o rtio n s in d ica ted at 10 y e a r s ' 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s e m p lo y e d in e sta b lish m en ts providing health, in s u r a n c e , o r pen sion b e n e fits , D e tr o it, M ic h ., January 1959) OFFICE WORKERS Type o f ben efit A ll w o r k e r s __ _____ ____ All industries ___ Manufacturing Wholesale trade Public utilities* PLANT WORKERS Retail trade1 100 100 100 100 97 99 100 57 60 50 88 96 67 93 61 All 2 industries Services Financef Manufacturing Wholesale trade Public utilities* Retail trade 1 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 82 95 96 96 98 100 95 92 72 59 61 47 49 63 66 52 62 61 46 97 88 52 70 66 93 96 98 91 78 71 15 68 30 10 39 85 96 21 80 57 70 60 94 67 33 61 44 11 4 44 37 37 6 17 26 1 5 10 2 - 4 ( 4) 36 4 11 90 90 80 30 83 1 98 99 95 28 90 ( 4) 64 64 52 4 91 82 79 59 30 58 8 58 58 39 23 42 15 87 87 62 59 87 ( 4) 81 81 58 21 40 4 92 92 79 3 79 1 99 99 89 2 89 63 63 57 ( 4) 97 87 87 47 7 50 3 66 66 36 15 42 5 100 100 100 W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g: L ife in su ra n ce _ _ __ ____ A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in su ra n ce __ _ __ __ S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce or ___ __ _ s ic k lea v e o r both3.. _ _ S ick n ess and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e _______ S ick lea v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p e rio d ) Sick lea v e (p a rtia l pay or w aiting p e r io d ) _ _ H osp ita liza tio n in su ra n ce _ __ __ _ _ S u rg ica l i n s u r a n c e ___________ ______________ _ ____ M ed ica l in su ra n ce _ C a ta stroph e i n s u r a n c e _____________________ R e tirem en t pen sion ___ ___ No health, in s u r a n c e , o r pen sion p l a n ____ 80 80 70 9 10 1 E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e depa rtm en t s t o r e s . 2 Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . 3 U nduplicated total o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce shown s e p a ra te ly b e lo w . S ic k -le a v e plans a r e lim ite d to th ose w h ich d efin itely e s ta b lis h at lea st the m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that can be e x p e cte d by ea ch e m p lo y e e . I n fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n ce s d e te rm in e d on an individ ual b a s is a r e ex clu d ed . 4 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t. * T r a n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u tilit ie s , t F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te . 19 Appendix : Occupotiono I Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ signifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field representatives are instructed to exclude work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers. O ff ic e BILLER, MACHINE Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Biller, machine (billing machine)——Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)-----Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl-' edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR----- Continued Class A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B——Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, custom ers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A -----Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B ---- Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. 20 CLERK, FILE Class A -----Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B ---- Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. CLERK, PAYROLL STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). COMPTOMETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order,* keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. TECHNICAL DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted material. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essages. May give infor mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 21 SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR-RECEPTIONIST TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL---- Continued In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker*s time while at switchboard. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Class A -----Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni formity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not P r o f e s s ional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May pre pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or pre liminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B — Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e t c ., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. a nd Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER-----Continued emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. 22 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following; Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, safety of all personnel. Maintenance INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)-----Continued and TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering. a nd Powerplant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ing's^ models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, mo tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e basis. 23 MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involye the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or, defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va riety of m achinists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed re ducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 24 PIPEFITTER, SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fol lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber*s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning MAINTENANCE---- Continued and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi cations; using a variety of tool and die maker*s handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. C u s t o di a 1 an d M a t e r i a 1 M o v e m e n t ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Perform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 25 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK---- Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, ware houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is re sponsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves; A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves; Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, Truckdriver, (combination of sizes listed separately) light (under 1 V2 tons) medium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons) heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, Trucker, power (forklift) power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 — 504842 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 20 major labor markets during late 1958 and early 1959- These bulletins, numbered 1240-1 through 1240-20, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D. C., or from any of the BLS regional sa les offices shown below. A summary bulletin (1240-21) containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis w ill be issued early in I960. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Seattle, Wash., August 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-1, price 25 cents Baltimore, Md., August 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-2, price 25 cents Buffalo (Erie and Niagara Counties), N. Y ., September 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-3, price 25 cents St. Louis, Mo., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-4, price 15 cents Dallas, Tex., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-5, price 25 cents Boston, Mass., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-6, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., December 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-7, price 20 cents Philadelphia, Pa., November 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-8, price 30 cents
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