View original document

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Occupational Wage Survey

D E T R O IT , M IC H IG A N
JA N U A R Y

B u lle tin N o .

U N IT E D

STATES

Jam es




1 2 4 0 -1 2

DEPARTM ENT

P. M it c h e ll,

1 9 5 9

OF

S e cre ta ry

LABOR

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan ClaQoe, Commissioner




O c c u p a tio n a l W a ge S u rv e y




D E T R O IT , M IC H IG A N
JA N U A RY 1959

B u lle tin

N o.

1 2 4 0 -1 2
March 1959

U N IT E D

STATES

DEPARTM ENT

Jam es

P.

O F

M itc h e ll,

LABOR

S e cre ta ry

BUREAU Of LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan dofiv##

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents

The
in

L ib r a r y

w h ic h

of

th is

C on gress
p u b lic a tio n

has

c a ta lo g e d

ap pears

as

th e

s e r ie s

fo llo w s :




no. in

Nov. 1895-

[r58t2j

C on gress

has

c a ta lo g e d

th is

fo llo w s :

23-26 cm.

Nov. 1949-

issued as its Bulletin (HD8051.A62)

1. Wages—U. S. 2. Non-wage payments—U. S. (2. Employee benentsj
i. Title.
(Series: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bul­
letin)

1. Labor and laboring classes—U. S.—Period.

Library of Congress

as

v.

v. illus. 16-28 cm.

331.06173

p u b lic a tio n

of

Occupational wage survey. 1949Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off.

Bimonthly, Nov. 1895-May 1912; irregular, July 1912No. 1-111 issued by the Bureau of Labor.

HD8051.A62

L ib r a r y

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Bulletin, no. 1Washington.

The

15-23307 rev*I

HD4973.A462

331.2973

U. S. Dept, of Labor.
for Library of Congress

Library
(57r52nljf

L 49—125*

Contents

Preface

Page

The B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts
a r e a w id e w ag e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p orta n t in d u s tr ia l
cen ters.
The s tu d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly s p rin g ,
r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea r n in g s and r e la t e d su p p lem en ta ry
b e n e fits .
A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n
o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the
p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied .
T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data
not in clu d e d in the e a r lie r r e p o r t .
A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l
b u lletin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s
is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the
c u r re n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s .

In tro d u ctio n ___________________________________________________________
W age tre n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g r o u p s ____________________

T a b le s :
1.
2.

A:

T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l
o ffic e in C h ic a g o , III, , by W ood row C . L in n , under the d i­
r e c t io n o f G e o r g e E . V o ta v a , R e g io n a l W age and In d u stria l
R e la tio n s A n a ly s t.




1
4

B:

E s ta b lis h m e n ts a n d .w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___ ...
P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in stan d ard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and
s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a ­
tio n a l g r o u p s , fo r s e le c t e d p e r i o d s _______________________

4

O ccu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s: *
A - l . O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s _____________________________________
A - 2 . P r o fe s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ____________
A - 3 . M ain ten an ce and p ow er plant o c c u p a tio n s __________
A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____

11

E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age
p r o v is io n s : *
B -l.
Shift d i f f e r e n t ia ls _____________________________________
B - 2 . M in im u m e n tra n ce r a te s fo r w o m e n o ffic e
w o r k e r s _____________________________________________
B - 3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s _____________________________
B -4 .
P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________
B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s __________________________________
B -6 .
H ealth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s _____________

A p p en d ix :

O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s _____________________________

* NOTE:
S im ila r ta bu la tion s fo r m o s t o f th e se it e m s a r e a v a ila b le in the D e tr o it a r e a r e p o r t s fo r
D e c e m b e r 1951, O cto b e r 1953, and O cto b e r 1955.
The 1953 r e p o r t (B L S B u ll. 1 1 5 7 -1 ) p r e s e n t s , in
a d d ition , data on r a te o f pay fo r h o lid a y w o r k , o v e r t im e pay p r o v is io n s , w a g e s tr u c tu r e c h a r a c t e r ­
i s t i c s , and la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts .
A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the
r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t.
A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r a c t ic e s is a ls o a v a ila b le
fo r auto d e a le r r e p a ir sh op s in the D e tr o it a r e a (A u gu st 1958).
A r e p o r t on o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s in
the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr ie s w ill be a v a ila b le in June, 1959; data fo r su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r a c t ic e s w e r e
in clu d e d in the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr ie s r e p o r t o f M a r c h 1958.
Union s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g
pay l e v e ls , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s :
B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , l o c a l tr a n sit op e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s .

in

2

vOvOUl

The C om m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m

13
14
14
15
16
18
19




Occupational Wage Survey— Detroit, Mich
Introduction

T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s in
w h ic h the U . S. D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r ’ s B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s
h a s c o n d u cte d s u r v e y s o f-o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e ­
fit^ on an a r e a w id e b a s is * In th is a r e a , data w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r *
s o n a l v is it s o f B u r e a u fie ld a g en ts 1 to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s
w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s :
M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n s p o r t a tio n
(e x clu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le ­
sa le tr a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v ­
ic e s .
M a jo r in d u s tr y g ro u p s e x clu d e d fr o m th e s e s t u d ie s , b e s id e s
r a ilr o a d s , a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x ­
tr a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s .
E s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d
n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a l s o b e c a u s e th ey fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t
e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied to w a r ra n t i n c l u s i o n . 2 W h er­
e v e r p o s s ib le , se p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d
in d u str y d iv is io n s .

T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the
u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su r v e y in g a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T o o b ta in
a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e
than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s stu d ied . In c o m b in in g the data, h o w ­
e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv en th e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s tim a t e s
b a s e d on the e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ied a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e ­
la tin g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the in d u stry g rou p in g and a r e a , e x ­
c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied .

O cc u p a tio n s and E a rn in g s
T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty
o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O cc u p a tio n a l c l a s ­
s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m se t o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to
take a c c o u n t o f in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the sa m e
jo b .
(See ap p en d ix f o r lis tin g o f th e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s .) E a r n in g s data
a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c ­
c u p a tio n s: (a ) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l; ( c ) m a in ­
ten a n ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t.

1 Data w e r e ob ta in ed b y m a il f r o m so m e o f the s m a lle r e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts f o r w h ich v is it s b y B u r e a u fie ld a g e n ts in the la s t p r e v io u s
s u r v e y in d ic a te d e m p lo y m e n t in r e la t iv e ly few o f the o c c u p a t io n s stu d ­
ie d .
U n usu al c h a n g e s r e p o r t e d b y m a il w e r e v e r if i e d w ith e m p lo y e r s .
2 See ta b le on pa ge 2 f o r m in im u m -s iz e e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r e d .




O cc u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e show n fo r
fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d ­
ule in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if i c a t io n .
E a rn in g s data e x clu d e
p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and
la te s h ift s .
N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s and in ce n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in clu d e d .
W h ere w e e k ly
h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e fe r e n c e is
to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ich
s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th ese
o c c u p a t io n s h ave b e e n rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r .

O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll
e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the study an d not the num bed a c tu ­
a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c tu r e a m on g
e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a te s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t ob ta in ed
f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the
r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s stu d ied . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u ­
p a tio n a l s t r u c tu r e d o not m a t e r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n ­
in g s da ta.
E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p lem en ta ry W age P r o v is io n s
In fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e ­
le c t e d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits a s th ey r e ­
la te to o f f ic e and plant w o r k e r s .
The te rm "o ffic e w o rk e r s , " as
u sed in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and e x ­
c lu d e s a d m in is t r a tiv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t
w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g fo r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s
(in clu d in g le a d m e n and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d ­
m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t
c o n s t r u c t io n e m p lo y e e s w h o a r e u tiliz e d a s a se p a ra te w o r k f o r c e a r e
e x c lu d e d . C a fe t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a r e e x clu d e d in m a n u fa c ­
tu rin g in d u s t r ie s , but a r e in clu d e d a s plant w o r k e r s in n on m a n u fa c­
tu rin g in d u s t r ie s .
Shift d iffe r e n t ia l data (ta ble B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa ctu rin g
in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n te d b oth in t e r m s o f (a ) e s t a b ­
lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y ­
m en t, and (b ) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s
3
A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h avin g a p o lic y i f it m e t
e it h e r o f the follow in g; c o n d itio n s ; ( l ) O p e ra te d la te sh ifts at the tim e
o f the s u r v e y , o r (2 ) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts .

2

T h e f i r s t p a rt o f the p a id h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m ­
b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d .
T h e s e c o n d p a rt
c o m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to show to ta l h o lid a y t i m e .

a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c if i e d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y .
In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , th e a m ou n t a p p ly in g to
a m a jo r it y w a s u se d o r , i f no a m ou n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s ­
s ific a t io n "o th e r* ' w a s u s e d .
In e s t a b lis h m e n t s in w h ich s o m e la t e sh ift h o u r s a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w a s r e c o r d e d on ly
i f it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the sh ift h o u r s .

T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s i s lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e ­
m e n ts , e x clu d in g in fo r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith pay is g ra n ted
at the d is c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r .
S ep a ra te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d
a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in co m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , su ch
a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r f la t -s u m a m ou n ts.
H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m en ts not on
a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f
annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 1s p a y.

M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s (ta ble B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts v is it e d .
T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a th e r
than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s i s .
P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and
h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on the
b a s i s that th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll pla n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a
m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r
the p r a c t ic e s lis t e d .
S ch ed u led h o u r s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on
the b a s is that th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a l l plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if
a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 4
B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id ­
u al it e m s in th e se ta b u la tio n s do not n e c e s s a r il y eq u a l t o t a ls .

D ata a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a l l h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n
p la n s fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r ,
e x c e p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s su ch a s w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a tio n
and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . Such p la n s in clu d e th o s e u n d e rw ritte n b y a c o m ­
4
S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s (f ir s t s e c t io n om
f e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v id e d th rou g h a union fund o r
ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to la te 1957 an d e a r ly 1958 w e r e
p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r fr o m
p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m ­
a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fit s a r e in clu d e d a s a
p lo y e d in o f f i c e s w ith the in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s .
f o r m o f life in s u r a n c e .
TABLE 1.

Establishm ents and w o rk e rs within scope o f su rvey and number studied in D etroit, M ich. , 1 by m ajor industry division , 2 January 1959
Minimum
em ploym ent
in establish ­
ments in scope
o f study

Industry division

A ll divisions ..

_____

____

_ _

Within
scope o f
study3

_

.. ... ------

Manufacturing
___ ____ ____
Nonmanufacturing
_____ _ __ _
T ransportation (excluding ra ilr o a d s ), com m unication,
and other public u tilitie s5 _____ _ _____ __ __ _____ „ __
W holesale t r a d n ____ ____ ____ ________
. ...
......
__ ____
R etail trade6
____
F inance, insurance, and re a l estate
S e r v ic e s 8....

Number o f establishm ents

__

Studied

Studied
Total4

O ffice

Plant

T otal4

1 ,2 4 4

266

6 0 6 .0 0 0

12 1 ,0 0 0

3 7 8 ,8 0 0

4 4 0 ,4 9 0

-

495
749

100
166

4 2 6 ,1 0 0
1 7 9 ,9 0 0

7 3 , 700
4 7 ,3 0 0

2 8 5 ,2 0 0
9 3 ,6 0 0

3 3 3 ,8 9 0
1 0 6,60 0

101
51
101
51
51

69
191
124
151
214

25
34
30
37
40

4 2 ,1 0 0
2 4 ,7 0 0
5 6 ,3 0 0
2 8 ,9 0 0
2 7 ,9 0 0

1 0 ,0 0 0
6 ,4 0 0
5 ,2 0 0
1 8 ,8 0 0
6 ,9 0 0

2 0 ,0 0 0
10 ,6 0 0
45, 400
72 ,8 0 0
14 ,8 0 0

3 3 ,8 8 0
9 ,0 9 0
3 7 ,9 0 0
17 ,5 4 0
8 , 190

101
.

W orkers in establishm ents
Within scope o f study

1 The D etroit M etropolitan A rea (W ayne, Oakland, and M acom b C ounties).
The "w o rk e rs within scope o f study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accu rate d escrip tion of the
size and com position o f the labor fo r c e included in the survey.
The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis o f com parison with other a rea em ploym ent indexes to m easu re em ploy­
ment trends or le v e ls since ( l ) planning of wage surveys req u ire s the use o f establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance o f the pay p eriod studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded
fro m the scope o f the survey.
2 The 1957 re v ise d edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry division.
M ajor changes fro m the e a rlie r edition used in previous
surveys are the transfer o f m ilk pasteurization plants and ready m ixed con crete establishm ents fro m trade (w holesale or re ta il) to m anufacturing, and the transfer of radio and telev ision broadcasting
from s e r v ic e s to the transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities division.
3 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e r v ic e ,
and m otion -pictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent.
4 Includes execu tive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and other w o rk e rs excluded from the separate o ffic e and plant ca te g o rie s .
5 A ls o excludes taxicabs, and s e r v ic e s incidental to water transportation. D e tro it’ s transit system is m unicipally operated and, th e re fo re , excluded by definition fro m the scope o f the studies.
4 E xcludes data for 2 large departm ent s to r e s.
7 Estim ate re la te s to re a l estate establishm ents only.
8 H otels; personal s e r v ic e s ; business s e r v ic e s ; autom obile repair shops; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bership organization s; and engineering and arch itectu ral s e r v ic e s .




3
S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim ite d to that ty p e o f in ­
su r a n ce u n d er w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a y m en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly
to the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s is d u rin g ill n e s s o r a c c id e n t
d is a b ilit y .
In fo r m a tio n i s p r e s e n te d f o r a ll su ch p la n s to w h ich the
e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H o w e v e r , in New Y o r k an d New J e r s e y , w h ich
have e n a cte d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n ce la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m ­
p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s , 5 p la n s a r e in clu d e d on ly if the e m p lo y e r ( l ) c o n ­
tr ib u t e s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e
w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s
o f pa id s i c k - le a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s 6 w h ich p r o v id e
5 T he t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R h ode Is la n d
d o not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s .
6 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h avin g a f o r m a l pla n if
it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e that
c o u ld b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a pla n n eed not b e w r itte n ,
but in fo r m a l s i c k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s ,
w e r e e x c lu d e d .




fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r * s pay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k
b e c a u s e o f - il l n e s s .
S ep a ra te ta b u la tion s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to
( l ) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2) pla n s
p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l pa y o r a w aitin g p e r io d .
In a d d itio n to the
p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s
an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p lica ted to ta l is
show n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e iv e e ith e r o r b oth ty p e s o f b e n e fit s .
C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s , r e f e r r e d to a s ex ten ded
m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o te c t
e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s an d in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b ey on d
the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, and . s u r g ic a l p la n s .
M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g fo r c o m p le t e o r p a rtia l
pa ym en t o f d o c to r s * f e e s . Such p la n s m a y b e u n d e rw ritte n b y c o m m e r ­
c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th ey m a y be
s e l f - in s u r e d .
T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n pla n s a r e lim ite d to
th o s e p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the
w ork er*s life .

4
Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

The ta ble b e lo w p r e s e n ts p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f
w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e
ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s .
F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r ­
ce n ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s fo r n o rm a l h ou rs
o f w o rk , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s tra ig h t-tim e
s a la r ie s a r e p a id .
F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, they m e a su re ch a n g es
in stra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r ­
tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. The p e r ­
ce n ta g e s a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c t e d k ey o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e
m o s t o f the n u m e ric a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin e a c h g rou p .
The o f ­
f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s ,
m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A
and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s ,
o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keypunch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e t a r ie s ;
ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p ­
e r a t o r s , g e n e ra l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B .
The in d u stria l n urse
data a r e b a se d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s .
M en in the fo llo w in g
10 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the
plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e ­
c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ;
s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and t o o l and die m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n ito r s,
p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and w atchm en.
A v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s w e re c o m ­
puted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s .
The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r
h ou rly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e o f O cto b e r 1953
and O cto b e r 1955 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e se w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r

TABLE 2.

in div idu al occu p a tio n s w e r e then tota led to obtain an a g g reg a te fo r ea ch
o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the r a tio o f th ese grou p a g g re g a te s fo r a
g iven y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r oth er y e a r s w as com p u ted and the d if ­
fe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m one
p e r io d to a n oth er.
The p e r ce n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s of
( l ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s
in pay r e c e iv e d by in div id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sam e jo b ; and
(3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e such a s la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n ­
s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s
e m p lo y e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . C h an ges in the
la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o ccu p a tio n a l a v ­
e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w age ch a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e ex p a n sion
m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific
o ccu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u ctio n
in the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e f ­
fe c t .
The m o v em en t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a re a
cou ld ca u se the a v e r a g e e a rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though no change in
r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts .
The use o f con stan t em p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s
o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in ­
clu d ed in the data.
N or a r e the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu en ced by
ch a n g es in stan dard w o rk sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e ,
sin ce they a r e b a s e d on pay fo r s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r s .
In d exes f o r tne p e r io d 1953 to 1958 fo r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r
la b o r m a rk e ts a p p e a re d in B L S B u ll. 1 2 2 4 -2 0 , W ages and R ela ted
B e n e fits , 19 L a b o r M a r k e ts , W inter 1 9 5 7 -5 8 .

P ercen ts of in crea se in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings
for selected occupational groups in D etroit, M ich. , for selected periods
P ercent in crea ses from —

Industry and occupational group

A ll industries:
O ffice c le r ic a l (women)
Industrial nurses (women)
Skilled maintenance (men)
Unskilled plant (men)

_
_

_
______

October 1955
to
January 1959

_ _
___

______________

Manufacturing:
O ffice c le r ic a l (w om en)____________ ____________________
Industrial nurses (women)
__________
___________
Skilled maintenance (men) _______________________________
U nskilled plant (men) _____________ _____ ______________




O ctober 1953
to
O ctober 1955

D ecem ber 1951
to
O ctober 1953

D ecem ber 1951
to
January 1959

19.8
20.2
17.0
15.8

7.5
7 .9
8 .3
6 .2

11.8
10.2
11.0
10.0

44.0
43. 1
40.7
35.3

23 .3
20.7
17.2
17.6

7. 1
7.9
8. 1
6 .4

12.0
10. 1
11. 1
8. 0

47.8
43.5
40.8
35.1

A :

O c c u p a t io n a l

E a r n in g s

Table A -l. O ffice Occupations
(A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a sis,
by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959)
Avnuoi
Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision

Number
ot
workers

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

$
t
S
$
$
S
S
*
Is
Weekly. Weddy , Under t o . 00 I s . 00 *50. 00 % 5. 00 l o . 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00
hours
earnings
and
$
(Standard) (Standard)
and
40. 00 under
4 5 .0 0 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over

Men
C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A
_
M anufacturing _ __ __ __
__ _ __
___________ __ __
Nonmanufacturing
P u blic u tilitie s * __________________
W holesale t r a d e _______
„ _

1,713
"1 7 3 5 1 "
357
77
153

4 0 .0
4b. 0
39 .5
40. 0
39 .5

$
112.50
i 14. bo
106.50
106.50
112.50

C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________
M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________
Nonm anufacturing ____________________
P u blic utilities *
___
„ _____
W holesale t r a d e ___________________

327
166
161
38
51

40. 0
40. 0
40. 0
39.5
39. 0

C le r k s , o rd e r _ __ __ ____ __ __
__
M anufacturing _ __ ___
__ __
Nonmanufacturing ____________________
W holesale t r a d e __ ________ __ __

67 0
233
437
407

C le r k s , p a yroll __________________________
M anufacturing ________________________
Nonmanufacturing
____ ____

272

O ffice b o y s ____ __ ________ ____ __
M anufacturing _ __ ________ _ __ __
Nonmanufacturing
_ _
P u blic u tilitie s * ____ ____________
Finance t — ________ ____ — __
S erv ices ____ ________
___ _______

641

Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs
M anufacturing
__
____ ____ __
Nonmanufacturing
__ __
_____ ... __
Pu blic utilities * __________________
W holesale t r a d e -------- __ __ __ __
Finance f ___________________ ____

_
-

_
"

_
-

_
-

_
-

.
-

5
5
-

85.50
94. 00
7 7 .5 0
84. 50
8 0 .5 0

-

-

_
-

-

8
8
-

17
17
2
2

32
9
23
15

26
5
-

40. 0
4 0 .0
40. 0
40. 0

106.50
114.50
102. 50
102.50

_
-

_
-

_
-

.
-

_
-

5
5
-

3
3
3

27
27
27

4 0 .0
40. b
39.5

108.50
114.00
91. 00

.
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

1
1
-

4
4

14

62. 00
6 7 .5 0
57. 00
60. 00
5 3 .5 0

58
ll
47
19

84
22
62
4
21

154
71
83
54
19

69
9
60
18
14

94
63
31
8
7

40

50
46
4
2
-

101

3 8 .5

55. 50

-

30
3

339
99
89

3 9 .0
$9.5
38. 5
38. 0
39. 0

21

26

8

18

10

3

825
5 05
320
72
93
91

40. 0
4b. 0
39.5
39.5
40. 0
4 0 .0

2

9
9
8

20

38

409

zW

63
TU T

It

6
9
9

50
00
00
00

_
-

_
"

_
-

_
-

71. 00
74. 00
68. 00

_
-

2
2

4
4

36
2?
9

62. 50

-

5

10

29

32

8 2.50
88. bo
78. 00
89. 50
72. 50

-

-

-

-

8
8
-

95.
lb o .
87.
98.
88.
77.

00
00

2

-

-

1
1
38
It

lb

14
2
-

2

16

36
15
16

F T
4o

47
8
39

90
31
59

28

12

7 -------56r
7
55
3
4
24

20

1

16
i
15
1
4

61
7
54
5
21

55
30
25
7
7

108
85
23
7
14

40
7
33
5
14

20
8
12
2
10

33
19
14
13
-

50
38
12
6
-

78
61
17
11
1

206
157
49
9
2

20
1?

26
21
5
5
-

171 295
156 ~ T T T —
15
23
7
7
5
16

149
IT T

17
1
9

195
165
40
2
38

12
12
-

56
30
26
4
14

-

_
-

-

_
-

17
15
2
2

14
lo
4
4

38
28
41
94
90
56
36
------ T T — r r ~ —
r — 18“ ----- T T ------ 3“ -----57
87
33
27
15
38
38
27
56
84
18
15
32
35

14
9
5
5

30
61
34
36
21
56
14 ----- TT~ ------ I T — FT" ------T T ------ T T
16
23
24
15
29
16
24
21
15
29
-

t

12

40
------- r
35
2

-

3
2

6
4
2
2

154
151
■124" — n r
30
17
10
5
20
2

10
3
7

20
2
18

10
8
2

25
20
5

33
28
5

31
30
1

28
28
-

20
17
3

40
29
11

22
22
-

_
-

_
-

.
-

.
-

-

-

76
34
42

118
80
38
13
■ 5
4

168
134
34
15
15

99
62
37

69
59
10
9
■

56
49
7
4

22
22

~

“

2
2
-

6
-

_
-

_
-

5

6
74
W ~

35
5
10

12

i

23

6
6
-

14
14
~r
-

-

7
7

_
-

- ,
-

-

5
3

l 1
1
■

6
6
_

16
17
1

37
32
5

-

16
9
9
"

4
4
3
■

_
"

_
-

_
■

_
-

_
_

_
-

2

2
"

9

6
21

58
36
22

20
6
14

29
26
3

23
23

22

13

-

3

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

60
24
36
3
24

68
37
31
10

57
37
20
18

52
50
2

34
28

13
11
2

42
13
29
13

1
1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

15
14

3

3

Women
B ille r 8, m achine (billing m achine)
M anufacturing _______
______ ___ _
N on m an u factu rin g____________________

211

39. 0
40. 0
38.5

B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping
m achine)

160

39.5

B ook keeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs,
c la s s A
__ __
________ __ __
M anufacturing ________________ __
N onm anufacturing ____________________
W holesale t r a d e _____ __ __
Finance | -- — ____ — ___

498
39 .5
222 ~ T T T 5 ~
276
3 9 .5
53
38.5
136 40. 0

TW

27
------FT
13

8

65

TU T

80
2
63

6

1

2

6
-

6

2

j_______J_______
See footnote at end o f ta b le ,




j

6

i

6
Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued
(A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly h ou rs and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is ,
by industry division , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959)
RAQB
Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision

Number
of
workers

NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OP

9
$
9
*
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1
9
9
9
9
9
Weekly
Weekly Under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 9105.00 9
110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00
hours 1 earnings1
and
(Standard) (Standard)
l o . 00 under
and
4 5 . QQ 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 7 0. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00

Wom e n— C ontinue d
B ook keeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs,
c la s s B
M anufacturing _____________ ____ __
Nonm anufacturing _________ ________
P u blic utilities *
W holesale t r a d e ___________________
R etail trade 2 _______________ _____
Finance| ___________________________
S ervices _______________________ __

.1,723
4T¥ “
1, 309
43
121
143
884
118

40. 0
T o : o '"
4 0 .0
3 9.5
3 9.5
4 0 .5
40. 0
39. 0

C le r k s , accounting, cla s s A ____________
M anufacturing
_
_
Nonmanufacturing ____________________
P u blic utilities * ___________________
W holesale t r a d e ___________________
R etail trade 2 _______________________
Finance f ____ ____ ____ __ __
S ervices _ __ __________________ __

1, 003
42T
574
75
91
126
154
128

3 9.5
40. 0
39. 0
39. 0
40. 0
4 0 .5
3 8.5
3 8 .5

C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ____________
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing ____________________
P u blic u t ilit ie s * ___________________
W holesale trade
R etail trade 2 _____ _______________
Finance f ___________________________
S erv ices

2,377
642
1, 735
441
207
509
383
195

39 .5
39.5
39.5
3 9 .0
40. 0
41. 0
3 8.5
38. 5

70.
03.
66.
74.
67.
59.
65.
66.

2W

792

$
6 7 .0 0

"

-

11
11
9
2
“

219
219
36
179
4

345
25
320
4
1
35
280
"

353
53
300
9
14
27 0
7

254
29
225
16
25
23
106
55

104
34
70
3
20
18
28
1

107
67
40
4
13
3
13
7

78
39
39
4
14
3
18

92
50
42
10
13
2
3
14

88
57
31
2
26
3
-

52
46
6
6

20
14
6
6

-

-

-

-

5
5
1
4
-

9
9
3
6
~

3
3
1
2
-

5
5
3
2
-

29
29
5
19
5

76
76
5
7
36
21
7

144
lb
134
1
28
16
41
48

98
11
87
11
36
9
23
8

49
19
30
1
21
1
7

75
24
51
14
1
2
11
23

98
48
50
21
3
7
9
10

165
l2 l
44
1
9
21
8
5

91
69
22
8
4
1
7
2

91
?8
13
1
2
10

50
00
00
00
50
00
50
50

-

18
18
18
-

61
61
2
48
11
-

147
1
146
3
1
108
14
20

204
2
202
23
88
78
13

473
45
428
71
83
98
12 0
56

401
51
350
77
79
85
52
57

249
84
165
45
23
46
40
11

162
45
117
89
3
12
6
7

269
144
125
53
10
4
39
19

160
69
91
52
4
23
12

124
94
30
26
4
-

68
66
2
2
-

20
20
-

19
19
-

82. 50
68. 50
65. 00

-

_
-

2
2
-

14
lb
9

26
26

16

64
64
39

48
37
23

32
30
17

33
13
3

50
6
3

201
3
6

297
2l
-

17
"

5
-

116

40. 0
3 9 .5
39. 0

C le r k s , file , c la s s B ________ __ _____
M anufacturing
_ _
Nonmanufacturing
____ __ __ __ __
P u blic u t ilit ie s * _________ ________
W holesale t r a d e __ ____ __ _____
R etail t r a d e 2 _
—
_____
Finance f
__ __ „ ____ _____
S erv ices ------------------------------------------

1, 634
320
1, 314
137
148
273
511
245

39. 0
40. 0
39. 0
38 .5
3 9.5
40. 0
39. 0
3 8 .0

57. 00
6 7 .5 0
54. 50
57. 00
59. 00
5 2 .5 0
53. 50
54. 00

24
24
2
22
-

113
113
8
36
24
45

304
304
29
7
31
130
107

3 07
24
283
9
26
63
152
33

379
67
312
31
59
72
146
4

253
94
159
34
31
49
44
1

61
l6
43
16
15
6
6

44
26
18
3
4
6
5

73
24
49
2
3
44

54
46
8
3
5
-

15
14
1
1
-

4
4
-

3
3
-

C lerk s, o rd e r _
M anufacturing ____ _____________
Nonmanufacturing
_____________ ____
W holesale t r a d e _________ __ __

448
150
298
176

40. 0
39 .5
40. 0
4 0 .0

71.
66.
67.
76.

8
8
-

15
15
-

24
24
-

47
27
9 -------- T
18
38
7
-

38
38
35

53
l6
37
34

49
12
37
36

15
7
8
4

58
35
23
18

34
31
3

24
7
17
10

C le r k s , p a y r o l l __ ________ ____ _____
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
P u blic u t ilit ie s * . _
R etail trade 2 ____________ _________
S erv ices -

1, 199
754
445
129
99
137

3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 8 .5
39. 0
40. 0
3 7 .5

82. 00
66. bo
72. 00
7 0 .5 0
63. 50
75. 00

_
-

1
1

14
14
2
12

48
27
21
6
8
2

92
21
71
34
20
12

130
47
83
16
24
29

108
43
65
26
7
16

171
95
76
16
6
45

108
31
27
10
8
7

110
93
17
3
2
5

128
99
29
5
1
17

C le r k s , file, c la s s A
Nonm anufacturing
Finance f
___________

____________

See footn otes at end o f table.




1 9 . 00

63. 00
75 .0 0
78. 00
60. 00
5 9.50
74. 50
93. 00
104.50
84. 00
97. 00
85. 00
81. 00
78. 50
8 6 .5 0

50
00
50
00

-

-

-

1

19
-

19
6
10
3

-

*

_
-

-

_
_
-

32
31
1
1
-

21
9
12
11
1
-

6
6
-

-

_
6
- --------r
3
3
-

2
2
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

3
2
*

_
"

"

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

"

43
22
21
21

7
2
5
5

1
1
1

3
3
3

2
2
2

89
76
13
2
1

67
67
-

59
54
5
3
-

31
29
2
-

'

9 ..
7
2
-

_
_
_
-

_

_

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

_
"

.
-

-

"

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
-

-

3
3
-

-

i11
r
-

-

_
~

7
TabJe A-1. O ffice Occupations-Continued
(A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a s is ,
by industry division, D etroit, M ich. , January 1959)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—

At u a g i

Sex,

occupation, and industry d ivision

Number
oi
workers

$
%
S
!s
s
$
s
S
$
$
$
$
$
S
s
$
$
1
$
$
Weekly
Weekly . Under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60.00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85. 00 90.0 0 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00
hours 1 earnings1
and
(Standard) (Standard) $
and
40. 00
4"?5 5 50.00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over
1
i
l
|

W omen— Continued

i
|
$
4 0 .0
78. 50
40. 0 ..84. 50'
4 0 .0
67.50
38. 5
70.00
4 0 .0
75.00
64.00
39.5
4 0 .0
61.50

.
“

5
5
5
-

45
45
35
-

36
5
31
4
13
14

93
44
49
6
2
12
24

108
37
71
5
13
18
33

267
71
196
14
23
18
6

161
81
80
3
46
20
7

136
Si
85
12
57
12
4

243
209
34
28
6
-

221

173
89
84

38 .5
40. 0
37 .0

70.00
77. 50
62. 50

“

-

17
17

12
5
7

23
2
21

24
8
16

10
9
1

14
13
1

21
5
16

15

1,891
1 , 100
791
171
163
122
229
106

4 0 .0
4(>. 0
39 .5
38. 5
4 0 .0
40. 0
4 0 .0
39 .5

77. 50
84.50
68. 00
68.50
77.00
59.50
66.00
68. 50

-

14
14
6
8
-

15
15
6
5
4
-

45
45
2
25
15
3

69
69
11
3
15
37
3

314
122
192
53
42
40
48
9

206
44
162
24
14
11
51
62

198
7b
122
16
39
11
39
17

147
74
73
28
5
5
24
11

C om ptom eter o p e r a t o r s -------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------Pu blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale trade ----------------------------R etail trade 2 --------------------------------F in a n ce f------------------------------------------

1,812
1, 165
647
50
190
163
88

D uplicating-m achine op erators
(m im eograph or d i t t o ) -------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------------------------N onm an u factu rin g------------------------------K ey-punch op erators ------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic u tilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ---------------------------R etail trade 2 --------------------------------F in a n c e ^ ----------------------------------------S e rv ice s ----------------------------------------O ffice g irls ____________________________
M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N onm an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic u tilities * ---------------------------Finance ! —--------------------------------------

291
— TJB
153
28
77

3 9 .5
39.5
39 .5
3 8.5
3 9.5

61.50
'7 0 .5 0
53.50
64. 00
50. 50

S e c r e t a r i e s ---------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g ------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g--------- --------------------Pu blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ---------------------------R etail trade 2 -------------------------------Finance ! ----------------------------------------S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------------

4,683
2 ,"'677
, 006
251
3 74
234
645
502

3 9 .5
40. 0
38.5
38.5
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 8.5
3 7.5

9 4 .5 0
101.50
85.50
. 50
87.00
83.50
83.5 0

Stenographers, g e n e r a l--------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------N on m anufacturing------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------R etail trade 2 -------------------------------Finance ! — ------------------------------------S erv ices -----------------------------------------

6 ,076
4, 584
1,692
238
482
85
448
439

Stenographers, technical -----------------------

207

See footnotes at end o f table,




2

6
6

3
45
56
- ------- r ---- T T ~
3
44
39
4
28
26
-

86.00

-

-

3 9 .5
4 0 .0
38. 5
39.0
39 .5
4 0 .0
39. 0
37 .0

85.00
89.50
73.00
77. 50
76.00
64.50
70. 00
72. 00

_
-

„
_
-

3 9 .0

94 .0 0

-

-

88

6
-

l

-

1

-

1

15
15
-

2

4
9
-

60

20
40
8
17

18
18

15
15
4
5

2

_
3
13
"

6
“

30

2

28
_
3
19

6
-

172
—

W

114
3
26
24
43
18

1

15
3

24
29
----- I T — Z T ~
1
7
-

12

101

1

7
94

171
32
139

7
49
32

3
17
58
39

6

356
128
228
31
48
27

86

36
2

22

224
48
176
19
45
36
36
40

428
389
93 ” 152
335 237
53
19
74
3
87
56
153
51

68
8
5

8

12
12
-

1
1
-

• 1
-

.
-

-

_
-

-

-

“

■

_

■

“

~

■

“

2
2
-

_
-

“

-

-

55
3b
19
19
-

-

-

■

!

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

>
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_

1

504
255
249
57
45
23
63
61

610
411
199
19
33
15
67
65

776
b33
143
13
17

399
342
57
17
19

160
1*8

117
94
23
15

81
b3
18

.. g

46
47

17
3

306
280
26
3
14
3
4

3
3

1387
1312
75
28
34
-

553
£32

255
245

10

7

3

2

-

159
159
-

141
141
-

3
3
-

34

63

17

17

16

1

32
1
7
24
-

252
243
9
5
4
-

197
187
10
10
-

15
■

15
15
~

21
16
5

1
1
~

186
151
35
15
12
8
-

205
187
18
6
6
2
3
1

299
284
15
2
13
-

136
124
12
2
10
-

9
4
5
5
-

36
36
-

_
-

346
.....5F'
288
19
79
37
95
58

345
107
238
37
67
38
54
42

473
171
302
14
46
18
126
98

483
243
25
90

809
546
263
46
79

75
45

44
93

895
772
123
29
45
9
17
23

12

15

8
5
3
3
-

z w

8

1

TW

16

21
2
10

34 |
34 !
-

20

10
2
8

1

2

12
2
1
3

6

8

i
!
|

|

_

i
!

-

_
-

4
-

4
4
“

24
16

-

1
1
-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1

2
4
8

8

-

2
6

8

Table A -l. O ffice Occupatkm s-Contiaved
(A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a sis,
by industry division , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Sex, occupation, and industry division

Number

t
S
S
S
•
s
S
t
$
S
s
t
*
$
1
1
i
»
•
S
s
Weekly j Z Z P y i Under 40. 00 45.00 50. 00 55. 00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00
(Standard) (Standard)
"
and
40
45.0 0 50.00 55. 00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over

Women— Continued

Sw itchboard op erators —
M a n u fa ctu rin g ----------N onm an u factu rin g----P u blic u tilities * —
W holesale trade —
R etail trade * -------Finance t -------------S erv ices --------------Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t i o n i s t s -----M an u factu rin g------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------------------Finance f ---------------------------------------Tabulating-m achine operators
M an u factu rin g--------------------N on m an ufactu ring--------------

T ra n scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
gen eral --------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------N on m anufacturing-------------------W holesale t r a d e ----------------Finance " f -----------------------------

1,043
448
595
40
99
106
147
203

4 0 .0
40. 0
4 0 .0
3 9 .0
40. 0
4 0 .5
4 0 .0
40. 5

$
74.50
86. 50
65.50
83.50
77.00
62. 50
63.50
58. 50

773
387
386
58
129
94

3 9 .5
4 0 .0
39. 0
39 .0
3 9.5
3 9 .0

334
rw
136

40. 0
40. 0
3 9.5

648
Z7JT
444
50
228

7
7
7
"

8
8
1
7
"

22
22
1
3
10
8

136
136
14
10
112

54
54
4
22
19
9

59
14
45
1
19
7
18

104
13
91

71.50
75.50
67. 50
68.00
75. 50
64. 50

12
12
-

-

2
2
2

42
42
2
12

44
15
29
10
12
6

87. 50
95. 50
75.50

_
“

2
2

2
2

4
4

3
3

_

3 9 .5
40. 0
3 9.0
40. 0
38. 5

74.00
86.50
68.00
77. 50
64. 50

.
-

.
-

-

-

“

-

_

_

-

-

T yp ists, cla s s A -------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------N on m an u factu rin g-------P u blic u tilities * ----W holesale trade ---Finance t -----------------

3,483
2, 841
642
143
100
330

4 0 .0
40. 0
39 .0
38.5
39.0
39.5

84. 50
87. 00
72. 00
81.00
80. 50
t6 . 00

Typists, cla ss B ------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------Pu blic u tilities * ---------------------------W holesale trade --------------------------Retail t r a d e * --------------------------------Finance t ---------------------------------------S ervices -----------------------------------------

4, 058
1,601
2 ,4 5 7
306
355
239
1,020
537

39 .5
40. 0
39 .0
38 .5
3 9.5
4 0 .0
39. 0
38. 5

65. 50
73.00
61.00
67.00
67. 00
56.50
58.00
60. 50

_

13

-

-

-

13
10
3

-

8
26
32
25

109
10
99
2
37
7
38
15

96
38
58
7
24
12
7
8

163
68
95
15
26
26

101
42
59
8
10
29

111
68
43
6
24
7

119
66
53
10
19
10

12
12

14
14

27
1
26

27
8
19

-

89
58
31
9
7
9
6

150
125
25
10
12
1
2

184
167
17
10
5
2

12
12
-

9
9
-

4
2
2

-

-

-

-

-

-

•
-

-

-

2
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

67
38 '
29
2
23
2

57
50
7
3
2

14
12
2
2
-

6
6
-

13
13
-

9
9
-

_
-

13
13

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

-

-

-

-

39
15
24

34
23
11

46
34
12

62
- 59
3

45
41
4

13
13

3
3

1
1

-

_
-

_
-

-

‘

'

'

'

_
f*

‘

19

.
-

.
-

.

“

_
■

.
-

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

53
36
17
17

94
79
15
15
“

-

17
17
12

54
54
43

74
74
4
33

94
5
89
7
35

87
8
79
8
56

36
14
22
11

53
24
29
4
12

29
9
20
11
9

1
1
1

23
23
22

76
76
76

113
22
91
16
3
55

157
32
125
11
26
62

140
50
90
10
9
62

178
122
56
14
10
25

618
565
53
34
1
15

872 1168
8ZT" 1089
48
79
23
35
40
11
12

83
83H

145
30
115
6
28
81

487
83
404
11
18
68
238
69

758
107
651
44
36
50
2 74
247

735
163
572
93
74
45
271
89

612
273
339
27
115
32
110
55

369
155
214
52
72
6
27
57

365
275
90
51
18

317
280
37
14
11

176
159
17
8
9

43
38
5
2

29
29

12
9

1
11

-

3

29
29
■

-

_
“

19
1
■

9
9
“

39
39

15
15

_
-

_
-

-

_

_

-

_

_

-

-

9
9

-

-

-

-

>

1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r which em ployees r e c e iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sala rie s and the earnings co rresp on d to these w eekly hours.
* Excludes data fo r 2 large departm ent s to r e s.
* T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities,
t F inan ce, insurance, and re a l estate.




_

-

-

-

~

.
-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations
(A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is ,
by industry division , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Sex, occupation, and industry division

D raftsm en, sen ior
M anufacturing •
Nonmanufacturing —
P u blic u tilities * ■
S erv ices -----------D raftsm en, junior
M anufacturing •
N onm anufacturing ---P u blic u tilities * —
S er v ic e s ----------------

N u rses, industrial (re g is te r e d ) M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------

Number
of
workers

%

%

s
i*
s
Is
S
s
$
S
*
Is
s
Is
Weeklyj Weekly! Under 70.00 75.00 80. 00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00)135.00 140.00 145.00jl 50.00 155.00 160.00 165.00| 170.00
hours
e&mingB
and
(Standard) (Standard) $
under
70.00
75.00 80.00 85.00 9 0 .0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.0o!l55.00 160.00 165.00 170.00! over
1
|

2 ,6 6 7
~T7W T
768
117
646

40 .0
4o. 0
4 0 .0
3 8.5
4 0 .0

$
136.50
135.50
138.50
124. 00
141.50

.
_
-

-

.
-

.
"

1,215
903
312
38
270

39 .5
4d. 0
39 .5
3 8.5
3 9 .5

9 6.00
9 7.50
9 2 .5 0
91. 50
9 2 .5 0

62
33
29
29

9
1
8
8

57
43
14
13

126
83
43
13
30

235

39 .5

85.00

16

18

19

481
438

4 0 .0
40. 0

9 8 .0 0
99. 00

3

3

8
7

-

6
5
l
l
-

38
35
3
2
-

49
33
16
2
14

92
73
19
10
9

135
89
46
27
18

201
178
23
8
14

250
1 56
94
23
70

88
62
26
4
20

194
142
52
7
45

151
l29
22
8
13

234
186
48
3
45

85
67
18
3
15

118
88
30

61
39
22

12
12

10
10

30

22

-

28

85

44

16

9

33
25

40
29

80
79

90
54

128
123

73
71

12
11

5
4

1

2
1
1
_

228
334
186 TE C
74
42
14
2
28
72

190
168
22
5
17

247
130
117
5
112

169
1Z1
48
4
44

211
108
103
14
89

149
109
40
40

208
113
95
95

93
90 !1
3 !
- |
i
3

4
4

1
1

1
1

2
2

.
-

-

-

- !
- ;

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
2

3
3

“ |

j
!
!

65
44
21
21

-

i_______
1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e c e iv e their regu lar straigh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings co rresp on d to these w eekly h ours.
* T ransportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s.

Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(A verage straigh t-tim e,h ou rly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a s is ,
by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich. , January 1959)
NUMBER OF WORKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
O ccupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Average
hourly 1 Under
earning* $
2 .0 0

$

2 .0 0
and
under
2. 10

$
2. 10

$
2 .2 0

$
2 .3 0

2 .2 0

2 .3 0

2 .4 0

M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-------------------- — ----------------R etail trade * -------------------------------------------F in a n cef ----------------------------------------------------

866
667
199
51
56

$
2 .9 0
Z. 94
2. 77
2 .9 8
2 .5 3

E le c tr ic ia n s , m a in t e n a n c e -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------- -------- —--------- ------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------- —

3,5 7 5
3,296
279

3 .0 7
3. b 1
3 .03

-

_-

1
-

E n gin eers, s t a t io n a r y --------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------ ------------- ,,.... ------N on m an u factu rin g.............. .............. ................... S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------- —— --------

703
52 7
176
84

2 .9 8
3. 68
2 .6 9
2 .6 9

3
3

~

35
35
30

See footn otes at end o f table.




.
-

1
1
.
-

2
2
-

1

$

2 .4 0

$
2. 50

2 .5 0

2 .6 0

2 .6 0

$
2. 70

2. 70

2.80

%

26
26
2
24

10
10
„
10

5
2
3
1
1

36
17
19
12
5

22
12
10
8
2

18
18

1
-

3
3
“

59

1

18
10
8

19
19

14
14
8

5
5
1

10
9
1

$

$
3 .4 0

$
3. 50

3 .3 0

3 .40

3 .5 0

3. 60

6
6
.

26
11
15
3
12

5
6
•
-

2 .9 0

3.00

3. 10

3 .2 0

223

263
256
7
1

$

3.0 0

S

3 .3 0

$
2 .9 0

3.1 0

3 .2 0

<

57
39
18
1
1

153
100
53
1
1

-

f82
fr

291
273
18

1085
1073
12

1365
"1700
165

38
38

153
153

22
20
2

145
145
-

77
58
19
12

75
46
29
9

13
13
-

22

1

328
308
20

59
56
3
1

41
17
24
11

98
83
15
5

...

$

2 .8 0

"21r
12
_

1

26
8
18
17
-

_
-

31
31'
-

-

8

26
Zb
•

8

-

$

3. 60
and
over
5
5
5
-

102
89
13
53
4b
7
6

10

Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations-Continued
(A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en ii^ se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a s is ,
by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich ., January 1959)
NUMBER OF W0RKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
O ccupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Average
hourly * Under
earning*
$

2.00

F irem en , station ary b o i l e r -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ------- —— --------------------------- -----—
N on m an u factu rin g-------------------------------------------

778
629
149

H elp ers, tra d es, m a in t e n a n c e --------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------—.......... ..... .................
N onm an u factu rin g..... ........ ------------------------------P u blic utilities
-----------------------------------------

815
681
134

*

101

68

M a ch in e-tool o p era to rs, t o o l r o o m --------------------- J . 7 2 4
M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------- ——------------ ---------------— 2, 723

$
2.51
2. 61
2 .0 8
1.91

$

2.00
and

m > r

$

2. 10
2.20

396
15
81
77

61
61
-

2
22
22

2 .4 0
2 .4 2
2 .3 0
2.41

22
22
1

13
13
5

25

3 .0 6
3. 06

“

3 .0 6

-

24

$

2.20
2 .3 0

$

2 .3 0
2 .4 0

2 .5 0

$

2 .5 0

*2. 60

2. 70

* 2 .8 0

2 .6 0

2. 70

2 .8 0

2 .9 0

36
35
-

-

-

425
404

71
29
42
34

149
136
n
-

58
46

5
5

19
16
3
-

“

_
-

“

”

"

-

“

5
4

83
83

110
no

58
58

.
-

-

_
-

4
4

11
11

7
7

3

-

24
18

52
52

48
16
38
7
15

42
12
30
30
-

73
46
27
20
5

357
83
274
191
49

16

17
5
12

79
37
42

6
6

118
117

20

2

21
18

M ech an ics, autom otive (m a in ten a n ce)---------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------P u blic utilities * ---------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e -----------------------------------------

1,305
604
701
500
132

2. 80
2 .8 4
2. 76
2. 81
2 .6 0

7
7
7

-

7
7
7

14
14
1
13

36
30

M ech an ics, m a in te n a n c e ------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------- —---- -----------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------- --------

3 ,6 0 4
3, 37?
227

3 .0 4
3. 04
2 .9 7

-

.
-

28
24
4

_
“

-

M il l w r i g h t s ---------------------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g ----------------------------------------- —------

2 ,9 7 9
2 ,9 7 4

3.01
3.01

_

_

_

_

6
6

O i l e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g-------------------------- —------ --------------

1,021
1,0 0 7 ""

2 .4 7
2 .4 8

2
■

P a in ters, m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------Finance f ------------------------------------------------------

797
572
225
112

2.86
2 .6 5
2. 69

-

2

P ip e fitte rs , m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------

1,995
1,918

3.0 0
2 .9 9

_

P lu m bers, m a in t e n a n c e ------------------------------------M anufacturing ------- —--------- ------- —-------------------

123
79

S heet-m etal w o rk e rs , m a in te n a n c e -------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g--------------------------------------------------

430

T ool and die m a k e r s ------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g--------------------------------------------------

5,216
5,215

-

-

6

1
-

1

14
2

87
87
-

59
37

22

62
59
3
-

3. 00

3. 10

89

7

$3.1 0 $3 .2 0
3 .2 0

W~--------_7—

_
_

3 .3 0

$
3.40

$3. 50

3 .4 0

3. 50

3. 60

10
10

12
12

$

3.60
and
over

------ ------ -----=-----_
_

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
-

„
-

-

_
-

719
719

1235
1235

162
rsz

55
55

1

_

74
63

248
248

35
35

3
3

19
19

_

422
208
214
179
32

151
82
69
69

131
125

2
4

5
5
_
.
-

10
1
9
_
-

_
_

_
_

173
154
19

438
425
13

369
369
-

441
438
3

1844
1712
132

114
114
“

3
3
-

20
20

5
5

255
255

455
455

1745
1741

75
75

5
5

42
42

67
67

18
18

4
4

_
“

2
2

5
5

99

165
163

79
77

135
133
“

55
55
52

19
13

-

127
127
-

-

“

55
4?

243

T42

410
40 3

1086
1080

62
9

54
64

61
61

16
11
22

16
9

22
22

19
19

14
14

_
-

75
69

94
94

227
227

5
5

169
169

40
40

622
622

1340
1339

2677
2677

292
292

436
"436

113
113

2
-

33
>
33
31

34
15
19
17

7
7
-

13
8
5

-

24
24
8

_

_

_

_

3

“

“

-

“

-

3

10
9

2

2 .8 2
2 .9 8

.
-

.
-

1

5
-

18
“

3

-

-

-

4
“

2 .9 6
2 .9 7

-

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

21

3. 17
3 .1 7

-

.

-

-

-

-

-

79
79

24

64
1
3

1

2
2

24

25

20
5
5

2

289
-----Z B T

2

6

Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts.
E xcludes data fo r 2 large departm ent s to r e s .
W orkers w ere distributed as fo llo w s : 4 at $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1 .5 0 ; 4 at $ 1.50 to $ 1 .6 0 ; 2 at $ 1 .6 0 to $1. 70; 14 at $1. 70 to $1. 80; 46 at $1. 80 to $ 1 .9 0 ; 26 at $ 1 .9 0 to $2.
T ransportation (excluding ra ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s,
Finance, insurance, and re a l estate.




3 .3 0

$

-

21
21

1

3 .0 0

-

7
7

-

—

$

_
_
_
-

12

"

119

2 .9 0

-

8
8

12
~

2. 80

<

120

54
35
19

555
535

1
a
3
*
f

2 .4 0

61
61
-

M achinists, m a in t e n a n c e -----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g----------------—-------------------------------

~T7TH

$

7

-------

T~

_

-

i
75
75

-

-

2
2
.
_
"

_
.
_
_
-

42
42
-

24
24
~

16
16
-

289
289

_

_

_

-

-

_

_

.

_

“

-

-

-

3
1

1
1
-

1
1

_
.
-

_

_

-

-

8
8

-

-

-

5
3

3

3

3

'3

_
-

-

_
-

7

69
69

-

6

2

189
T89~

-

1

11

Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area b a s is ,
by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959)
| NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
O ccupation

Number
of
workers

1and industry d ivision

E levator o p e ra to rs , passen ger (m en)
____ _________________
N onm anufacturing

173

E levator o p e r a to r s , p assen ger (wom en)
N onm anufacturing
____ ___________ ____ _
R etail tr a d e

696
69T

S ervices

__ _____________________

4

4

4^4
125
3, 520
3, 333
187
137

Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs ( m e n ) ________
M anufacturing
________ __ _ __ __ __
Nonmanufacturing
P u blic utilities *
W holesale trade
........ .
R etail tr a d e _____________________________
F in a n ce !
— — ____ — __ __ __ ___
S erv ices
_ _
Jan itors, p o r te r s , and
M anufacturing
N onm anufacturing
P u blic u tilitie s *
R etail tr a d e _
F in a n ce !
S erv ices
__ __

1.21
1.21
1. 00
1
1.20

111

__ __

Guards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
F in a n ce!

1 00 1. 10 $1.20
1 00 1 10 1.20 1.30

60

4

$
Average
hourly , Under .
earnings*
and
$
under
.
.
$
_
_
1. 83
1. 32
-

c le a n e rs (w om en )______

2, 842
IT T

__ ________ _ _
_________
____
__ __ __

__ ___
__ __
.......

2, 065
59
264
1, 092

-

_
-

1.99
2. 19
1. 52
1.96
1.94
1.29
1.50
1.45

35
35
33
_

181
181

285
285

138
41

133

1.47
1.95
1.29
1.77
. 16
1.29
1. 30

50
50
-

1

626

__ __ __

L a b o r e rs , m a teria l handling
M anufacturing
N onm anufacturing
_ _ __
_
.. . .
P u blic utilities * __________________________
W holesale trade __________________________
R etail tr a d e
____ __ ____
__ _

10, 590
7, 877
2,7 1 3
756
, 080
851

2 .2 4
2 .3 6
. 08
2. 53
2. 07
1.72

__ _
_ __ __
O rder fille r s
_ _
M anufacturing _ ______
Nonmanufacturing
__ ____ _ ____
W holesale trade ____
___
R etail tr a d e __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____

2,209
--------57T —
1, 531
1, 078
323

2 .2 4

P a ck e rs , shipping ( m e n ) _______________________
M anufacturing _ __ __
__
__ __
N on m an u factu rin g ___________________________
W holesale trade
___

1, 353
— T7T5T
198
163

P a ck e rs , shipping (wom en)
M anufacturing
_

413
--------J t t

4

4

R eceiving cle r k s
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
....... ....
W holesale t r a d e _____
R etail tr a d e __ __
__ __

...

154
154
3

12 86
8 5
30
53
110
110
_
-

_
92
13
13
-

8

-

_ 12

94

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

12
12

20
190
20
_
3

-

33

28
28
_
28

57
57
_
_
57

109
_
109
108

80
80
4
23

20

11
11
1
8
8

10

2
2
2
4
4

"

_

_

-

-

-

126
48

9
9
3

6

3
3
-

_

5
_
-

14
14
_

1
1

3
3

6

'

23

2

5
3
_

1
1
1
1
_
1

$
1.70

*
1$. 80 1.90 2. 00 $2. 10 2.20
1.80
1.90
2. 00 2. 10 2.20 2 .3 0
_
_
_
1
2 92
2
1
_
_
_
1
1
1
1
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
$

-

3

2
2

71
528
135

130

9
9

190

658
93
565
5
69
416
75

20

2 .4 6
2 .3 4
2 .4 9

1. 60

792
48
744

2

2 .5 7
1.96

2 7 W

f. 50

299
l9
280
4
7
95

_
“

2.21

2
2
2

1.40

359
19
340
279
24
37

_
-

—
99
57

2

2

8 12

2
1
1
1
_

2 .3 4
—

534
-------

_ __

See footnotes at end o f table.




__

W

2. 19
2. 18
2. 18
2.2 5
2 .2 8

124
59
54

__ __
.

2

zT T T

2. 06
2.20
2. 16
2.22

416
------.......... —

4

Shipping c le r k s __ _
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
W holesale trade

2

1

301
561

28
■ -

1.99

l i t

57
57

41
41
41

1. 88

2, 700
436
188
927
605
544

18
18

378
78
50

2 .45

8, 970
6,

15
15

! . 30

4
4
4

7
7
7

15
15
13

367
53
314

287
43
244
27
7

272
35
237
23
19
39
156
-

22

16
59
91

126
1
389
1
2
110
276
62
621
390

100

107
3
33
14
19
_

1

18
46
9
37
_

6

60

30

3
3

44
44
37
7

1
2
9
9

2

43
------FT
24
16

18
io

8
1
_
1
6

21_
21
21
12

24

34
34
34
30
30
28

1
1

-

-

3
3
3

9
9
7

3
3
3

3
3
3

_

1
1

_

2
2

-

-

------- T

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

-

-

-

172
133
39
-

557 1982
5US 1876
106
49
84
17
9
14
5
3
-

2731
2581
150
82
60

576
543
33

353
5 l8
35
35
_
-

80
80
-

268
21!
51
9
17

7
7
_
-

10
1

29
29
28

1
21
W
2

3
-

-

2. 80

123
119
4
-

7

_

2 .7 0

-

~

_

2 .6 0

106
85

-

5
-

2. 50

-

9
9
7

2
11
11
7

21
21

1

2

20
82
82
-

202

616
291
275 ~ 2 8 T ------ T E
341
156
_
325
9
87
16

—

2 .4 0

83
55
30
30

1

195
_
195
172
23

$
2. 70

-

3
-

17 0
139
9 ----- 7 2
98
130
_
_
63
80
67
18

2 .6 0

70
54
16
16

52
36
16
-

51
5
-

$
2 .5 0

-

2
10 3
18
20

60
78
62

$2 .4 0

41
18
23
23
225
35
190
132
30
_

199
15
174

$2. 30

8

-

1152 1566
1149 'T361 '
_
3
-

21
2
1
-

181
186
25
15
4
_
-

91
85

7

9
9
901
267
634

r
-

_
-

601
26

JT

—

66

8

_
325
r
- — 325- —
34
17
59
------ 32 — r r
W
4
9
3
9

2
2

41
14
5 ------ J T
8
9

—

4
4

151

42

n

1\

r

21
8 20
12 1

20

1

40
40
-

4
4

—

265

37

2 5 T

U

10
1

13
13

4
18
15

.
-

-

2
2
-

_
-

6

121
6
2 6

22

.

_
-

4
4
_
_
_
_
-

12

and
over

_
_

41
41
_
_
_
-

_
42
29
13

3. 00

_
_

-

1 22
1 22

$
3. 00

_
_

116
TT ~
-

12

_

$
2 .9 0

_
_

-

1021

60

6 32
- -----8
1
- -------- JT
1
_
1
8 16
8 -------8
7

6

2. 80
2. 90
-

38
38
-

1050
420
752
2965 2513
3W
iT (T " 2 7 i S -2 2 5 1 " — w r
60
63
255
302
227
94
37
15
58
48
36
183
149
7
64
97
119
107
96
127
230
75
— nr — H E
33 T ------ 31 ----- J T ------ 5F
40
74
73
94
667
73
40
37
419
3
28
23
192
78
64
39
316
435
245
ll
77
42
315
376
245
28
3
59
28
3
59

12
8
8

w

_
-

6

9
15
13
-

1
68

124
46
-------- j
3
43
117
28
105
15
"
-

6
-

_

$

115

7
7
7
27
27
_
-

7
3
4
3

1

15
7
8
7

30
3o
_
_
28
28
28
-

2
2
2
"
22
16
4
4

“
5
4

1
1

24
17
7
7

_
"
-

1
1

14
14
-

_
-

10
10

"
34

20
14
14
~
7
7
7
"

20
20
-

12
Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued
(A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a s is ,
by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ic h ., January 1959)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—

Shipping and receiv in g c le r k s _________
M anufacturing
__ _ _
N onm anufacturing ............. ...............................
P u b lic utilities *
__ _
_
W holesale trade _
...................
. _

$
*
$
Avenge
$
$
1.30
1.40
Under 1. 00 1. 10 1.20
eemtoge2
and
$
1. 00 under
It 20 1 .3 0 - 1..1Q, 1.5Q
$
_
_
1,357
2 .3 9
2 .43
^F98
359
2 .2 9
87
2 .4 6
220
2 .2 2
-

T r u c k d r iv e r s 5
_ _ _ _ _
.......
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
........................
P u blic u t ilitie s * ...... --W holesale trade
R etail tr a d e 4
_
.

5,934
2, 539
3,395
1,468
1, 163
622

2 .5 7
2. 54
2 .5 9
2 .6 9
2 .5 2
2 .5 5

478
304
174
2, 004
1, 283
721
391
163

Number
of
worker*

O ccupation 1 and industry d ivision

1.10

__

T ru ck d riv e rs , light (under l 1/* tons)
M anufacturing , ..... .
Nonmanufacturing
T ru ck d riv e rs , m edium (IV
including 4 tons)
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
W holesale trade ---R etail tr a d e 4

2to and
... .
_ ----

T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (over 4 tons,
t r a ile r type)
M anufacturing
___
Nonmanufacturing
P u blic utilities * _ __
W holesale trade _

_ _ ...

T ru ck d riv e rs , heavy (over 4 tons,
other than tr a ile r t y p e ) __ __
__ __
M anufacturing _....
Nonmanufacturing
P u blic utilities * ______________________ _

$
1.90

<

1.60

1.70

1. 80

1-90

2 .0 0

2. 1Q_ 2 .2 0

_
-

7
7
7

12
12
12

35
_
35
_
35

38
38
3
28
25
18
7
5
_

2.00

t
$
2. 10 2 .2 0

13
11 —
2
-

t
2 .3 0

$
2 .4 0

$
2 .5 0

<
2 .6 0

S
2 .7 0

$
2 .8 0

2 .4 0

2 .5 0

2 .6 0

2 .7 0

2. 80

2. 90

2 .3 0

14
ir
-

55
23
32
10
-

126
126
5
100
9

34
19
15
4
9

379
193
186
12
169
5

464
432
32
9
7
16

512
326
186
57
7
52

25
14
11

136
799
59
69? -------97 — r
102
39
13
2
50
17
1
95

55

%

2 .9 0

and
3. 00

29
21
8
_
8

54
46
8
_
8

1361 1502
124
785
1076 1378
11 1343
774
1
284
34

9
9
_
_
-

_
_

4
4
"

_
-

_
-

69
56
13
9
2

1
3. 00

37
- — 29"
8
_
_
7
-

2

4

-

3

3

34

6

6

10

4
-

-

3
1

3
-

34
22

6
_
-

6
2

10
1
_
5

2 .3 0
2 .4 5
2. 06

-

2
2

4
4

_
-

2
2

3
3

31
31

6
6

4
4

10
_
10

25
18
7

26
26

14
1
13

73
64
9

43
39
4

2. 55
2 .5 9
2 .4 9
2 .4 1
2 .5 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

3
3
3

_
-

-

-

-

35
35
35
-

20
288
330
18 — r r ? | T D 9
174
2
21
169
16
5

205
147
56
3
"

395
263
132
10
122

353
162
9
170 -----47" --------y
183
115
1
173
3
14
-

2, 757
2 .6 2
-------- T U B ----- 2 7 5 T
2 .6 5
1,989
1, 055
2 .7 2
2 .5 4
521

-

-

_
-

_
-

1
1
-

-

_
-

_
_
-

2
2
_
-

-

_

65
65
65

93
41
52
-

634
499“
135
8
70

753 1119
64
75
678 1055
11 1035
386
-

-

-

-

240
----------ST
183
143

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 .6 4
2. 52
2 .6 8
2 .7 0

1, 087
755
--------577T
379
34
68
51
209

_
-

40
- ------ 413 —
-

_

_

_

_

-

-

1
1
1

1
1
1

5
5
4
1

1
1
1
-

_
-

_
114
- ------ 7 ?
35
35

139

-

_

_

_

1

_

1

_

5

_

_

11

64
110
- ~ W
64
70
2
7
15
57
53

20
20
5
15

51
51
27
24
~

17

22
22
3
5
14

2 .4 7

_

_

1.75
2. 05
1.47
2 .2 0
1.40
1.59
1.30

.

47
47
4
43

_
“

_
-

“

Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w here otherw ise indicated.
E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts.
W orkers w ere distributed as fo llo w s: 24 at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90 and 54 at $ 0. 90 to $ 1.
E xcludes data fo r 2 la rge departm ent s to r e s.
Inclu des all d r iv e r s r e g a rd le s s o f size and type o f truck operated.
A ll w ork e rs w ere at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30.
T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), com m u nication, and other public u tilities,
Finance, in su ran ce, and real estate.




1
1. 80

2
-

T ru c k e r s , pow er (other than fo rk lift)

1
2
3
4
5
6
*
f

$
1.70

-

3,776
2 .3 6
3, 349 ----- 2715"
427
2 .3 6
103
2 .5 0
203
2 .33
121
2 .3 1

Watchmen .
_ ..
.
_ _
M anufacturing
Nonmanufacturing
Pu blic utilities * _
_.
............
R etail tr a d e 4 ______________________________
F inan cet
— —
_____
S ervices _
__
_ ___
__ _

$
1.60

-

T ru c k e r s , pow er (fo rk lift)
_____
M anufacturing _ __ ____
_
____
____
Nonm anufacturing
_
_ ___
P u blic u t ilit ie s * W holesale trade
R etail tr a d e 4 __
_ _ ...

t
1.50

—

r
n
2
1
1
7

70
43
40 ------- —
30
5
1
1
17
4
“
“

JB

128
11
11

4
48
77
r ------- —
10
15
1
_
14
6
■

TB vr
4

50
v r

1
1

-

1250
979"
321
21
105
183
138
136 ""
2

68
28
40

-

4 2 04
204
_
_
_
- '
-

- 6 204
- ' "204
-

10
9
1
1

8
l
-

61
31
30
13

22
22
-

137
9
128
128

-

"

-

234 2148
216 "1972“
18
176
17
70
18
89

806
’ 696
110
35
75
“

161
122
39
39
-

44
32
12
12
-

95
77
18
18
-

_
-

"

27
27
"

106

10

8

29

9

-

99

3
101
32
-------- j
£0 — 79"
22
12
8
21
-

25
25
-

12
12
-

5
5
-

3
3
-

j
1
-

-

'

'

"

"

1
1
1

45

763

9

_




B :

E s t a b lis h m e n t

P r a c tic e s

and

S u p p le m e n t a r y

W a g e

13

P r o v is io n s

Table B-l. Shift Differentials
(P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r sh ift w o r k , and in e s ta b lis h m e n ts
a c tu a lly o p e ra tin g late s h ifts by type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, D e tr o it , M ic h . , J an u ary 1959)
In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having f o r m a l
p r o v is io n s 1 f o r —

Shift d iffe r e n t ia l

T h ir d o r oth er
sh ift w o r k

S e co n d shift
w o rk

T o t a l ..........................................................................................................

9 9 .2

9 6 .9

W ith sh ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l

9 9 .2

___________________

U n ifo rm ce n ts (p er h o u r) ________________

S e co n d sh ift

I

T h ir d o r oth er
sh ift

2 2 .7

6 .6

9 6 .9

2 2 .7

6 .6

___

3 3 .5

3 2 .2

6 .6

2 .9

5 c e n ts _____________ _____________________
__________
6 ce n ts ____ ___ _________ . . . . . . ___ ___ . . . . ___ _______
7 o r 7 Vz c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------8 ce n ts
__ _________ _
8 1/? c e n ts
__
_
.
9 o r 9V2 ce n ts
_
__
_________
10 c e n t s ___ _______
_____________ __
11 c e n t s __ i . __ __ __ ______ _ _
12 o r 12 Vz c fe n t s __ _
_______
_ __ _ . __
13 o r 14 ce n ts _____________ ____ ________
_______
15 ce n ts
O v e r 15 c e n ts ____ __ __ __ __ _____
____

3. 3
.9
4 .9
9 .1
1 .4
.6
7 .5
.7
2 .4
_
2 .7
-

.5
1 .6
2 .3
1 .4
1 .3
8 .0
.4
8 .3
_
2 .9
5 .6

.7
.2
1 .0
1 .8
.3
.1
1 .4
. 1
.4
_
.7
-

.1
.1
.3
( 2)
.6
_
1 .2
_
.2
.4

U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e ___ __ _______ __
4 percen t _ _
_ ______ ________
_____
5 p e r c e n t ____ __ . ________ __ __ ____
________
7 p ercen t _
__ __
____
____ __ ______
7 V? p e r c e n t ______
10 p e r c e n t _____ __ _ ________ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ __

6 4 .0
.2
6 0 .5
.4
2. 9

6 2 .2
.5
2 0 .7
4 1 .0

1 5 .4
.1
1 4.9
. 1
.3

3 .5
.1
1 .5
2 .0

1 .7

2 .5

O th er ____ __
No sh ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l

_

_ __ _____ __
____

___

________

In e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly
o p e r a tin g —

.7

"

1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ift s , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g
e ven though they w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ifts .
2 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .

.1
"

14
Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers
(D istrib u tio n o f esta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m e n tran ce sa la r y fo r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s
o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s , D e tr o it, M ic h ., January 1959)
In e x p e r ie n c e d typ ists

Manufacturing
Minimum weekly salary1

A ll
industries

100

266

12
18
5
7
6
2
3
2
4
3
45

60
1
1
2
9
3
5
6
10
2
5
6
2
2
1
3
2
22

66

18

155
2
2
6
4
16
10
26
11

Establishments having a £specified m in im u m ----------------Under $37.50
_
$37.50 and under $40. 00 .
$40.00 and under $42. 50 _
$42.50 and under $45. 00 .
$45.00 and under $47. 5 0 ........................
$47.50 and under $50. 00 .
$50.00 and under $52. 50 _
$52.50 and under $55. 00 ____ ______ _ _ __ ___
$55.00 and under $57., 5 0 ...................................................
$57.50 and under $60., 0 0 ...................................................
____
__________
$60.00 and under $62. 5 0 ______
$62.50 and under $65., 0 0 ...................................................
$65.00 and under $67., 5 0 ...................................................
$67.50 and under $70., 0 0 ..............................................
$70.00 and under $72., 5 0 ...................................................
.............................................
$72.50 and under $75.,00
$75.00 and under $77., 5 0 ...................................................
$77.50 and under $80. 0 0 ...................................
$80.00 and over —
Establishments having no specified minimum __________
Establishments which did not employ w orkers
in this category

Manufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours3 of—
A ll
schedules

Establishments s tu d ie d _________________________________

O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r i c a l w o r k e r s 2

Nonmanufac tur ing

16

40
XXX

A ll
schedules

37 y2

166

XXX

383/4

40

XXX

XXX

95
2
2
6
3
15
8
17
8
11
6
8
3
2
1
1
1
1
23

XXX

XXX

XXX

48

XXX

XXX

56
1
1
2
9
2
4
5
10
2
5
6
2
2
1
3
1

11
“
1
4
5
1
-

A ll
industries

11
■
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
-

XXX

64
2
1
5
2
12
7
8
5
5
4
6
2
1
1
1
1
1

Nonmanufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours3 of—
A ll
schedules

266

100

174
3
3
11
10
22
10
26
13
16
15
15
6
4
3
2
5

64
“
~
2
3
2
8
6
5

40

XXX

2
4
46

XXX

46

13

4

37

166

XXX

60
“
“
“
2
3
2
8
4
5
8
8
2
4
3
1
4
3
1
2

9
8

2
4
3
1
4
3
1
3
23

A ll
schedules

y2

XXX

110
3
3
11
8
19
8
18
7
11
6
7
4

12
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
“
_

"

”
"
■
■

1

383/4
XXX

12
“
“
“
2
2
1
2
“
1
3
1
"
“
“
■
“
"

40
XXX

76
2
2
10
6
13
5
13
3
6
5
4
2
”
“
1
1
1
1

XXX

1
1
23

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

33

XXX

XXX

XXX

1 L ow est s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d fo r h irin g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s fo r typing or other c le r i c a l jo b s .
2 R a tes a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g i r ls , o r sim ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d .
3 H ours r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e their re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a r e p re se n te d fo r a ll w o rk w eek s c o m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t com m on w ork w eek s r e p o r t e d .

Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs
o f fir s t -s h ift w o r k e r s , D e tro it, M ic h ., January 1959)
OFFICE WORKERS [
W eek ly h ou rs

A ll w o r k e r s ____

_ __ __ — ---------------

All
industries
_ -------

Under 35 h ou rs
— _____ __ „ __ __ _ __ __
35 h ou rs _______
__ ______ _____ __ ___ ___
O ver 35 and under 37^ h o u r s — — ________
37V2 h ou rs — — — -------------- — ---------------------O ver 37l/ 2 h ou rs and under 40 h ou rs
------40 h ou rs
_ __ ____ ___ ___ _____________ _
O ver 40 and under 44 h ou rs _____________________
44 h ou rs .
_____ _____ _ __ ____ __
O ver 44 and under 48 h o u r s ______
_ _ — —
48 h ou rs _ __ _ _ _ _______ _____
_____ —
O ver 48 h o u r s _____
„
------ ------ ------- —
1
2
3
*
f

100
( 3)
i

2
6
6
85
( 3)
( 3)

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

100

100

_

_

2
1
97
-

39
27
34
”

100
_
2
6
12
80
“

Manufacturing

E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la rg e departm ent s t o r e s .
In clu des data fo r r e a l e state in add ition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
T r a n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s ,
F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te .




PLANT WORKERS

Retail trade 1
100
_
3
3
87
6
1
“

Financef
100
_
( 3)
10
6
10
74
“

z

All
industries

Services
100
3
16
12
8
57
4
1
“

100
1
( 3)
1
2
90
2
1
1
2
( 3)

Manufacturing
100
1
1
2
92
l 3)
1
(3)
2
“

Public
utilities*
100

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade 1

100

100

_

_

( 3)
98
1
-

95
3
3

2
75
14
3
2
3

“

'

'

Services
100
8
82
( 3)
4
6

15

Table B-4. Paid Holidays
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by n u m ber o f paid h olid a ys
p ro v id e d annually, D e tr o it, M ich . , January 1959)
OFFICE WORKERS

PLANT WORKERS

Item
All
industries

A ll w o r k e r s

_

_

_ __ _ __ _

W o rk e rs in esta b lish m e n ts provid in g
paid h olid a ys
__ __ _
W o rk e rs in esta b lish m e n ts provid in g
no paid h olid a ys
_ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade1

Financet

Services

All
industries 2

Manufacturing

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade1

Services

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

99

100

98

97

99

100

100

94

65

2

3

1

-

-

6

35

_
2
_
8
( 3)
72
15
1
1
1
_
-

2
.
_
22
1
74
-

_
_
_
61
_
13
2
10
3
9
_
_
2

100

100

100

100

( 3)

-

-

-

“

_

_
7
( 3)
82
9
1
1
( 3)
-

.
1
17
3
( 3)
79
-

49
4
11
2
6
3
23

.
84
11
4
.
-

-

-

3

-

21
4
4
3
3
1
3
2
54
5
-

N um ber o f d a y s
1 h olid ay
_ _
3 h olid a ys ....
_ _
......
3 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days _
__
..
.... ..
5 h olid a y s
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 h o l id a y s ---- -_____________________ _
. ______
6 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day
6 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf d a y s
_ _
6 h olid a y s plus 3 h a lf days
7 h olid a ys ___ ___ __________ ___ _
7 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day
---7 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days
8 h olid a y s
_ ...
8 h olid a y s plus 2 h a lf days
9 h olid a y s
_____
9 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day
9 h olid a ys plus 2 h a lf days _
10 h olid a ys
12 h olid a ys

( 3)
-

20
2
51
1
12
1
1
2
( 3)
8
1
( 3)
( 3)

-

1

_
-

86
13
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

"

1
1
6
62
66
72
75
79
100
100
100
100
100

13
98
98
98
98
98

1
<3 )
( 3)
22
1
54
( 3)
16
1
1
1
( 3)
-

-

-

-

-

-

“

_
2
3
89
90
98
98
99
99
99

74
76
98
98
98
100
100

5
_
_
_
83
_
1
_
3
2
_
_
-

_
_
5
60
( 3)

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

-

T o ta l h o l i d a y tim e 4
12 days
_
___
. . .
10 or m o r e d a y s ______________________ ____________
9 1/* o r m o r e days _ ...
9 o r m o r e days
_ ___
_
_
8 o r m o r e days
_ _____
7 1/* o r m o r e days _ .. ._ _
7 o r m o r e days
6V» o r m o r e days
6 o r m o r e days ___ ____________________________ _
5 o r m o r e days
4 o r m o r e days ____________ ______—.....- ----- ------ -3 o r m o r e days
1 o r m o r e days __
_____

1
2
3
4
and no
*
t

(?)
( 3)
10
13
14
78
80
99
99
99
99
99

_
2
2
93
93
100
100
100
100
100

_
-

_
79
82
99
100
100
100
100

_
3
3
3
26
30
47
51
100
100
100
100
100

_
1
1
5
16
100
100
100
100
100

_

_
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
2
3
73
74
95
95
97
97
97

E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e departm ent s t o r e s .
Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
A ll com b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sam e am ount a r e co m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g
h a lf d a y s, 6 fu ll days and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s, and so on.
P r o p o r tio n s w e re then cu m u lated.
T ra n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s ,
F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te .




_

a total o f 7 days

_
2
2
2
11
16
39
39
100
100
100
100
100

_
2
2
6
6
89
89
89
89
94

_
_
.
.
( 3)
60
65
65
65
65

in clu d es those w ith 7 fu ll days

16
Table B-5. Paid Vacations
(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions
by vacation pay provisions., Detroit, M ic h ., January 1959)
OFFICE WORKERS
V a ca tio n p o lic y

A ll w o r k e r s

__ _

__

All
industries

______

___

___

Public
utilities*

Manufacturing

100

100

99
99
1
-

100
99
1
-

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade 1

Finance!

Services

^ 1 0 0

100

100

100

100

100
100
-

100
100
-

100
100
-

100
100
-

“

“

“

All ,
industries

1

100

Manufacturing

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade 1

Services

100

100

100

100

100

100
87
13
( 3)

100
99
1
-

100
95
5
-

100
100
-

92
92
-

M eth od o f p oy m on t
W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovid in g
paid v a ca tion s __ __ __ __
__ __
L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent _______
_ __
P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ___ __
_ __
Othe r __ __ ___r______________ ___ ___________ ____
W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g
no paid v a ca tio n s
_
___
__ .

*

99
88
12
-

99
90
10
( 3)

I 3)

( 3)

“

“

“

-

8

7
41
11
11

10
5
1
1

12
2
1
2

_
18
-

12
9
1
-

6
18
-

( 3)
6
1
-

_
29
_
70

1
85
4
9
1

1
88
6
4

_
53

_
86
_
6
_

76
_
16
-

<3 )

“

“

2
74
3
3

1
87
2
4

1
27
(?)
( 3)

_
45
3
-

13
23
-

1
80
3
3

_
12
_
88
-

_
3

_
20
_
80

_
71
_
29

_
2
_
98

-

-

-

-

-

_
46
54
-

-

-

"

( 3)
1
99
-

3
97
-

9
91
-

8
92
-

_
.
100
-

16
72
12
-

*70
6 6
23
( 3)
1

*80
6 7
11
( 3)
1

15

7
755
s 35
( 3)
2

6
7 73
• 19
( 3)
2

-

*

A m ount o f v o c a t io n p a y
A fte r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e
L e s s than 1 w eek ______ __
1 w eek __ __ ____
O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s
2 w eek s
__ __ __
__

_____ __
__ _

-

A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e
L e s s than 1 w e e k ____________ ___ ________________
1 w eek
_.
O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s
2 w eek s
O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s
___
3 w eek s
_
__
__ _

-

97
-

-

-

_
75
_
25
_

1

-

“

_
83
_
17
_
-

15
1
83
1

44
( 3)
56
-

34
_
66
-

1
98

12
13
75

98

57
4
32

-

-

-

-

-

47

-

A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek
_
O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s
2 w eek s
_
O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s
3 w eek s

2
( 3)
97
1
-

__

A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek
O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s
2 w eeks
(T ver 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w ee k s
3 w eeks

1
_.

.... ......

( 3)
97
1
1

_
( 3)
98
1
1

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

100

100

97

100

-

-

-

-

73
12

3

See footnotes at end of table.




NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e ,"
such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time
basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay.

_
1

_
_

2

17
Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s
by v a ca tio n pay p r o v is io n s , D e tro it, M ich . , January 1959)
OFFICE WORKERS;
V a ca tio n p o lic y

All
industries

Manufscturing

_
82
13
5

_
79
19
1

_
20
4
75

_
14
5
80
(3)

_
47
_
53

8
( 3)
89
( 3)
2

_
6
1
93
_
1

_
8
( 3)
82
( 3)
9

_
8
( 3)
73
1
19

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade1

Financet

Services

All
industries 2

Manufacturing

Public
utilities*

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade1

Services

A m o u n t o ! v o c a t i o n p a y 4— C o n tin u e d
A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek ....
_
__
------ ...
. ....2 w eeks .
......
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _
__ _
3 w eek s -----------------------------------------------------------------

_
86
6
7

_
70
30

_
87
4
9

_
73
12
15

( 3)
90
5
5

29
2
67
3

_
36
_
57
7

_
16
2
82
-

_
37
_
59
3

( 3)
18
58
23

_
6
_
94
-

_
9
_
89
_
3

_
25
_
68
.
7

_
6
_
87
3
4

_
6
1
91
1
2

_
6
_
73
21

_
9
_
66
25

_
25
_
59
_
16

_
6
1
87
1
5

_
6
_
42
_
52

_
9
.
52
_
40

_
25
_
27
_
48

98
_
2

81

6
86

2

80
_
20

19

1

51
1
48
-

38
15
45
1

31
_
65
4

6
78
_
8
( 3)

_
_
100
_

_
13
_
76
_
11

_
14
_
82
_
4

6
56
_
29
_
1

_
75
25

.
13
_
49
_
38

_
14
_
69
17

6
56
_
29
1

_
_
.
43
_
57

_
13
_
43
_
45

_
14
_

6
49
_
37
.
1

91
6
3

98

1

9
76
15
( 3)

_
31
_
62
_
7

( 3)
8
3
84
3
2

_
4
4
87
4
1

6
_
74
_
20

_
31
_
51
_
17

( 3)
8
3
79
4
7

_
4
4
84
5
3

_
6
_
56
_
38

_
25
_
57
_
17

( 3)
7
3
71
4
15

_
4
4
80
5
7

A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek .... . .
.
...
2 w eek s _
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s
3 w eek s
_
..... .................
4 w eek s ........... . .

___ .

_

...............
. .....

.............

1

A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek
2 w eek s
O ver 2 and
3 w eeks
O ver 3 and
4 w eek s _

_ ---_
---_ _
under 3 w e e k s ...

_

_ .

_ ..................

under 4 w e e k s _______________________
.......

-

A fter 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek
_ .
. .
2 w eek s _
O ver 2 and under 3 w ee k s
3 w eek s
__ _
4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------

_

A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek
. ............
2 w eek s
3 w eek s
_
_
O ver 3 and under 4 w ee k s _
4 w eeks ..........
__
_. _

__
____
..

._

. ..

E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e departm ent s t o r e s .
Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fl e c t the individ ual p r o v is io n s
in
clu d e changes in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s .
s e r v ic e
The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d a s fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 74; m anufacturin g 83.
The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d a s fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 6; m anufacturin g 7.
The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d as fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 60; m anufacturin g 75.
The O cto b e r 1955 data (B LS B u ll. 118 8-2 ) should r e a d as fo llo w s : A ll in d u s tr ie s 28; m anufacturin g 15.
♦ T ra n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u t ilit ie s .
t F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te .




fo r p r o g r e s s io n s .

F o r ex a m p le , the chan ges

45
.
41

in p ro p o rtio n s in d ica ted at 10 y e a r s '

18

Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans
(P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s e m p lo y e d in e sta b lish m en ts providing
health, in s u r a n c e , o r pen sion b e n e fits , D e tr o it, M ic h ., January 1959)
OFFICE WORKERS
Type o f ben efit

A ll w o r k e r s

__ _____

____

All
industries

___

Manufacturing

Wholesale
trade

Public
utilities*

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade1

100

100

100

100

97

99

100

57

60

50

88

96

67

93

61

All 2
industries

Services

Financef

Manufacturing

Wholesale
trade

Public
utilities*

Retail trade 1

Services

100

100

100

100

100

100

89

82

95

96

96

98

100

95

92

72

59

61

47

49

63

66

52

62

61

46

97

88

52

70

66

93

96

98

91

78

71

15

68

30

10

39

85

96

21

80

57

70

60

94

67

33

61

44

11

4

44

37

37

6

17

26

1

5

10

2

-

4

( 4)

36

4

11

90
90
80
30
83
1

98
99
95
28
90
( 4)

64
64
52
4
91

82
79
59
30
58
8

58
58
39
23
42
15

87
87
62
59
87
( 4)

81
81
58
21
40
4

92
92
79
3
79
1

99
99
89
2
89

63
63
57
( 4)
97

87
87
47
7
50
3

66
66
36
15
42
5

100

100

100

W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p rovidin g:
L ife in su ra n ce
_
_ __ ____
A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t
in su ra n ce __
_ __ __
S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce or
___ __
_
s ic k lea v e o r both3..

_ _

S ick n ess and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e _______
S ick lea v e (fu ll pay and no
w aiting p e rio d )
Sick lea v e (p a rtia l pay or
w aiting p e r io d )
_ _
H osp ita liza tio n in su ra n ce _ __
__
_ _
S u rg ica l i n s u r a n c e ___________ ______________
_ ____
M ed ica l in su ra n ce _
C a ta stroph e i n s u r a n c e _____________________
R e tirem en t pen sion
___ ___
No health, in s u r a n c e , o r pen sion p l a n ____

80
80
70
9
10

1 E x clu d e s data fo r 2 la r g e depa rtm en t s t o r e s .
2 Inclu des data fo r r e a l estate in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
3 U nduplicated total o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce shown s e p a ra te ly b e lo w .
S ic k -le a v e plans a r e lim ite d to th ose w h ich d efin itely e s ta b lis h at lea st
the m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that can be e x p e cte d by ea ch e m p lo y e e . I n fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n ce s d e te rm in e d on an individ ual b a s is a r e ex clu d ed .
4 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t.
* T r a n sp o rta tio n (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), c o m m u n ica tio n , and other public u tilit ie s ,
t F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te .




19

Appendix : Occupotiono I Descriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to
assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under
a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment
and from area to area.
This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content.
Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and
interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ signifi­
cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes.
In
applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field representatives are instructed to exclude work­
ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e,
temporary, and probationary workers.

O ff ic e
BILLER, MACHINE
Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records
as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work in­
cidental to billing operations.
For wage study purposes, billers,
machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:
Biller, machine (billing machine)——Uses a special billing
machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which
are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and
invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared
orders, shipping memoranda, etc.
Usually involves application
of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of
necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the
billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated
by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of
carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a
fanfold machine.
Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)-----Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers'
bills as part of the accounts receivable operation.
Generally
involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger
record.
The machine automatically accumulates figures on a
number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto­
matically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl-'
edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of
sales and credit slips.
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott
Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with­
out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.




BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR----- Continued
Class A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of
and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with
the structure of the particular accounting system used.
Deter­
mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items
to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated
reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.
Class B——Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections
of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book­
keeping.
Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll,
custom ers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described
under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in­
ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Class A -----Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account­
ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com­
plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish­
ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing
subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac­
counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with
proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience
in making proper assignations and allocations.
May assist in
preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class
B accounting clerks.
Class B ---- Under supervision, performs one or more routine
accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers,
accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled
by general ledgers.
This job does not require a knowledge of
accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in
which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func­
tional basis among several workers.

20

CLERK,

FILE

Class A -----Responsible for maintaining an established filing
system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material;
may also file this material. May keep records of various types
in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating
material in the files.
May perform incidental clerical duties.
Class B ---- Performs routine filing, usually of material that
has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a­
terial in the files.
May perform incidental clerical duties.
CLERK, ORDER
Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by
mail, phone, or personally.
Duties involve any combination of the
following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet
listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities
of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de­
partments to be filled.
May check with credit department to deter­
mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from
customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep
file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original
orders.

KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR
Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­
bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards
by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence,
using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following
written information on records.
May duplicate cards by using the
duplicating device attached to machine.
Keeps files of punch cards.
May verify own work or work of others.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands,
operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening
and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.
SECRETARY
Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an
administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint­
ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering
and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi­
dential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative;
taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in
shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dicta­
tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine.
May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior.

CLERK, PAYROLL
STENOGRAPHER,

GENERAL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces­
sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers*
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data
on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May
make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis­
tributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a
normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type­
writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep
files in order, keep simple records, etc.
Does not include tran­
scribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

STENOGRAPHER,

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe­
matical computations.
This job is not to be confused with that of
statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of
a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to
performance of other duties.

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a
varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or
reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a
typewriter.
May also type from written copy. May also set up and
keep files in order,* keep simple records, etc.
Does not include
transcribing-machine work.

TECHNICAL

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon­
sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten
matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad­
justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed.
Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of
used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com­
pleted material.




Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office
calls.
May record toll calls and take m essages.
May give infor­
mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders.
For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist.

21
SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR-RECEPTIONIST

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL---- Continued

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi­
tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also
type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties.
This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker*s
time while at switchboard.

included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype
or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates
information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans­
lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine;
does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice
or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts
machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition,
operate auxiliary machines.

TYPIST
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to
make out bills after calculations have been made by another person.
May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keep­
ing simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and dis­
tributing incoming mail.
Class A -----Performs one or more of the following: Typing
material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy­
ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent
and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining material from several sources, or
planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni­
formity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in
final form.
May type routine form letters, varying details to
suit circumstances.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal
routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records.
May also
type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers tran­
scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu­
lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not

P r o f e s s ional

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR
(Assistant draftsman)
Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts­
man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur­
poses.
Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May pre­
pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties
under direction of a draftsman.
DRAFTSMAN,

LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in
preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or pre­
liminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing
purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting
blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work
procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work;
performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during




Class B — Performs one or more of the following: Typing
from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms,
insurance policies, e t c ., setting up simple standard tabulations, or
copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

a nd

Technical

DRAFTSMAN,

LEADER-----Continued

emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties
of a supervisory or administrative nature.
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR
Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes,
rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu­
facturing purposes.
Duties involve a combination of the following:
Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc.,
to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa­
tions such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and
trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials
to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments
or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters
on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or
trace drawings.
Work is frequently in a specialized field such as
architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

22

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

NURSE,

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on
the premises of a factory or other establishment.
Duties involve a
combination of the following; Giving first aid to the ill or injured;
attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records
of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or
other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations
of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs
involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant

environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare,
safety of all personnel.

Maintenance

INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)-----Continued
and

TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing
tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil.
Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools.
May prepare
simple drawings and do simple lettering.

a nd

Powerplant

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and
maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins,
cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings,
and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of
the following; Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw­
ing's^ models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s
handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments;
making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work;
selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of
the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train­
ing and experience.

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation
of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup­
ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera­
tion, or air-conditioning.
Work involves: Operating and maintaining
equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, mo­
tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers
and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a
record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump­
tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers
in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

ELECTRICIAN,

MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating,
distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment.
Work involves most of the following; Installing or repairing any of
a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers,
switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units,
conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue­
prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag­
nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard
computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical
equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring
and testing instruments.
In general, the work of the maintenance
electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac­
quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.




FIREMAN,

STATIONARY BOILER

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam.
Feeds fuels to fire by hand
or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water
and safety valves.
May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.
HELPER,

TRADES,

MAINTENANCE

A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance
trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such
as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work­
ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma­
terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour­
neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies
from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup­
plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working
areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine
operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers
on a full-tim e basis.

23

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR,

TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine
lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools,
gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following:
Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing
items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy;
using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds,
speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust­
ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions.
May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools,
and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils.
For
cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom,
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST,

MECHANIC,

MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish­
ment.
Work involves most of the following: Examining machines
and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling
or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly
involye the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing
broken or, defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the
production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of
the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written
specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered
from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary
adjustments for operation.
In general, the work of a maintenance
mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties
involve setting up or adjusting machines.

MAINTENANCE
MILLWRIGHT

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs
of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment.
Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc­
tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va­
riety of m achinists handtools and precision measuring instruments;
setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal
parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat­
ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining;
knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting
standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting
and assembling parts into mechanical equipment.
In general, the
machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay­
out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and
laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications;
using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com­
putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of
gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools,
equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good
order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed re ­
ducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded
training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren­
ticeship or equivalent training and experience.
OILER

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of
an establishment.
Work involves most of the following: Examining
automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling
equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis­
assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from
stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the
various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments;
alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts.
In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice­
ship or equivalent training and experience.




Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing
surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.
PAINTER,

MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an
establishment.
Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface
peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications;
preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing
putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray
gun or brush.
May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint
ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency.
In general, the
work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex­
perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva­
lent training and experience.

24
PIPEFITTER,

SH EET-M ETAL WORKER,

MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe
and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fol­
lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe
from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes
of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene
torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies;
bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling
pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard
shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e ­
quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet
specifications.
In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers
primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or
heating systems are excluded.
PLUMBER,

MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of
vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and
fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber*s snake.
In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice­
ship or equivalent training and experience.
SHEET-METAL WORKER,

MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing)
of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning

MAINTENANCE---- Continued

and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue­
prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all
available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of
handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem ­
bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required.
In general, the
work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience
TOOL AND DIE MAKER
(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix­
tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work.
Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work
from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi­
cations; using a variety of tool and die maker*s handtools and precision
measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of
common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools
and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating
to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools
and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances;
fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow­
ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes.
In
general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training
in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

C u s t o di a 1 an d M a t e r i a 1 M o v e m e n t

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER
Transports passengers between floors of an office building,
apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment.
Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such
as those of starters and janitors are excluded.
GUARD
Perform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on
tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of
employees and other persons entering.




JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working
areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house,
or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination
of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors;
removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture,
or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies
and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and
restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

25
LABORER,

MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker;
stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant,
store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of
the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan­
dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices;
unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper
storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck,
car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are
excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK---- Continued
other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods;
routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining
necessary records and files.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:
Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKDRIVER

ORDER FILLER
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from
stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips,
customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling
orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out­
going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies
to supervisor, and perform other related duties.

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport
m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of
establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, ware­
houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab­
lishments and customers’ houses or places of business.
May also
load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical
repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesm en and
over-the-road drivers are excluded.
For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size
and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated
on the basis of trailer capacity.)

PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being
dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the
type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires
the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or
more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order
to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container;
inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to
prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying
labels or entering identifying data on container.
Packers who also
make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is re­
sponsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other m aterials.
Shipping work involves; A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac­
tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre­
paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post­
ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records.
May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment.
Receiving work involves; Verifying or directing others in verifying
the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or




Truckdriver
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,

(combination of sizes listed separately)
light (under 1 V2 tons)
medium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons)
heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about
a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of
truck, as follows:
Trucker,
Trucker,

power (forklift)
power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN
Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illegal entry.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 — 504842




Occupational Wage Surveys

Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 20 major labor markets during late 1958 and early 1959- These bulletins, numbered
1240-1 through 1240-20, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D. C.,
or from any of the BLS regional sa les offices shown below.
A summary bulletin (1240-21) containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis w ill be issued early in I960.
Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available.
Seattle, Wash., August 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-1, price 25 cents
Baltimore, Md., August 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-2, price 25 cents
Buffalo (Erie and Niagara Counties), N. Y ., September 1958 —
BLS Bull. 1240-3, price 25 cents
St. Louis, Mo., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-4, price 15 cents




Dallas, Tex., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-5, price 25 cents
Boston, Mass., October 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-6, price 25 cents
Denver, Colo., December 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-7, price 20 cents
Philadelphia, Pa., November 1958 — BLS Bull. 1240-8, price 30 cents