The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Occupational Wage Survey CLEVELAND, OHIO O C TO B E R 1956 Bulletin No. 1202-3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREA U O F LA B O R STA TISTIC S Ew an Clagua, Commi*$ionor Occupational Wage Survey CLEVELAND, OHIO OCTOBER 1956 Bu lle tin N o . 1202-3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F LA B O R S TA TISTIC S Ew an Clague, Commissioner January 1957 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program T able s: 1. 2. Establishments and workers within scope of su rv ey____________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percent of increase for selected p e rio d s ______________________ 2 3 A; Occupational earnings * A - 1: Office occupations ______________________________ A-2: Professional and technical occupations_________ A - 3: Maintenance and powerplant occupations_____ .— A - 4: Custodial and material movement occupations_ B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B -1: Shift differential provision s_______________________________ B-2: Minimum entrance rates for women office workers __________________________________________________ B -3: Scheduled weekly hours ___________________________________ B-4: Paid holidays _____________________________________________ B-5: Paid vacations ____________________________________________ B-6:Health, insurance, and pension plans ______________________ 12 13 13 14 15 Appendix: Job descriptions _____________________________________________ 17 Current reports on occupational earnings and sup plementary wage practices in the Cleveland area are also available for machinery industries (February 1956), power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), industrial chem icals (August 1955), women1s and m isses1 dresses (August 1955), and hotels (July 1955). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers. o * NOTE: Similar tabulations for most of these items are available in the Cleveland area reports for October 1951, October 1952, and October 1954. The 1954 report also included data on frequency of wage payments, and pay pro visions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request. 00 1 3 m r~ The Bureau of Eabor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the ea rlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the y e a rr s surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. Introduction______________________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups __________________________ 11 Occupational Wage Survey - Cleveland, Ohio* Introduction The Cleveland area is one of severa l important industrial centers in which the Department of L a b o rfs Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage bene fits on an areawide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding ra ilroa d s), communication, and other public u tilities; wholesale trade; reta il trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services . M ajor industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of w orkers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occu pations studied to warrant inclusion. 1 W herever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in a ll establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu a lly surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provision s These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying a ll establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to a ll establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Information is presented also (in the B -s eries tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The term "o ffice w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes a ll office c le rica l employees and ex cludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plan t w o rk ers" include working forem en and a il nonsupervisory w ork ers (including ieadmen and train ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and force-account construction employees who a re utilized as a separate work force are excluded. C afeteria w orkers and routemen are e x cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a va riety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job (see appendix fo r listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) m ainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement. Shift differen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant w orker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of w orkers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differen tials, the amount applying to a m a jority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sifications "oth er" was used. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as fo r office cle ric a l occupations, referen ce is Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated sta tis tica lly on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office * This report was prepared in the Bureauls regional office in Chicago, III. , by Woodrow C. Linn, under the direction of George E. Votova, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table 1 fo r m inim um -size establishment covered. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the follow ing conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. (i) 2 w orkers if a m a jo rity of such w orkers are eligible or may eventually qualify fo r the practices listed. 3 Because of rounding, sums of indi vidual items in these tabulations do not n ecessarily equal totals. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. Separate estimates are provided according to em ployer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis w ere converted; fo r example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 w eek's pay. Data a re presented fo r a ll health, insurance, and pension plans fo r which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workm en's compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m er cial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside fo r this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for a ll such plans to which the em ployer contributes. H owever, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions, 4 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the em ployee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick -leave plans are lim ited to form al plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w ork er's pay during absence from work because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of w orkers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who re ceive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometim es re ferred to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect em ployees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the norm al coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. M edical insurance re fers to plans providing fo r complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insu red. Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the rem ainder of the w ork er's life . 4 The tem porary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if 3 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r office w orkers (firs t section itof established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that table B -3) are presented in term s of the proportion of women office could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, w orkers employed in offices with the indicated w eekly hours fo r women but inform al sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, w orkers. w ere excluded. T A B L E 1: E stablishm ents and w o rk e rs within scope of survey and num ber studied in Cleveland, Ohio, 1 by m ajor industry division, O ctober 1956 M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b li s h m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu dy In d u s tr y d iv is io n A l l d iv is i o n s _______________________________________________________ Stu d ied W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s W ith in s c o p e o f study Stu d ied T o ta l 3 O ffic e P la n t T o tal 3 965 235 3 6 1 ,9 0 0 5 4 ,0 0 0 2 3 9 ,7 0 0 2 1 5 ,4 6 0 “ 456 509 109 126 258, 500 1 0 3,40 0 3 2 ,9 0 0 21, 100 187, 700 5 2 ,0 0 0 163, 900 51, 560 101 51 101 51 51 65 157 81 90 116 22 34 20 26 24 30, 800 18, 600 2 5 ,2 0 0 1 4 ,9 0 0 13 ,9 0 0 4, 700 4 ,9 0 0 _____________ M a n u f a c t u r in g (e x c lu d in g n e w s p a p e r s ) _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________ _______ _________________ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 _______________________________________________ W h o le s a l e t r a d e ______________ _____________________________________ __ R e t a il t r a d e (e x c lu d in g d e p a rtm e n t s t o r e s ) ___________________________ F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ___________________________________ S e r v ic e s 7 ______________________ ______________________________________________ N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s W ith in s c o p e of study 2 101 ( 5) 8, 000 ( 5) 1 2 ,1 0 0 8, 500 6 6 (5 ) 2 ,4 0 0 ( 5) 20, 8, 11, 7, 4, 190 110 170 390 700 1 The C leveland M etropolitan A re a (Cuyahoga and Lake C ounties). The "w o rk e rs within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reason ably accurate description of the size and composition of the labo r force included in the survey. The estim ates a re not intended, how ever, to se rv e a s a b a sis of com parison with other a re a employment indexes to m easure employment trends or le v e ls since ( l ) planning of wage surveys re q u ire s the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents a re excluded fro m the scope of the survey. 2 Includes a ll establishm ents with total employment at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation. A ll outlets (within the a r e a ) of com panies in such in dustries as trade, finance, auto re p a ir serv ice, and motionpicture theaters a re considered as 1 establishm ent. 3 Includes executive, technical, pro fessio n al, and other w o rk ers excluded fro m the separate office and plant categories. 4 A ls o excludes taxicabs, and se rv ic e s incidental to w ater transportation. C le v e la n d 's transit system is m unicipally operated and, th erefore, excluded by definition fro m the scope of the studies. 5 This industry division is represen ted in estim ates fo r " a ll ind u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S e rie s A and B tables, although coverage w as insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 6 Estim ate relates to re a l estate establishm ents only. , . 7 Hotels; p erson al serv ic e s; busin ess se rv ic e s; autom obile re p a ir shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectu ral service . 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups The table below presents indexes of salaries of o ffice c le ric a l w orkers and industrial nurses, and of average earnings of selected plant w orker groups. F o r office c le ric a l w orkers and industrial nurses, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries fo r normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid. F o r plant w orker groups, they measure changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding premium pay fo r overtim e and for work on week ends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the num erically important jobs within each group. The o ffice c le r ic a l data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: B ille r s , machine (billing machine); bookkeepingmachine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operator s; c le r k s , file , class A and B; clerk s, order; clerk s, payroll; key-punch operators; o ffice girls ; secreta ries; stenographers, general; switchboard opera tors; switchboard operator-receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-m achine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; m illw rights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-m etal w orkers; and tool and die m akers; unskilled— janitors, p o rters, and cleaners; la b orers, m aterial handling; and watchmen. A verage weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed fo r each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then m ultiplied by the average of October 1952 and October 1954 employment in the job. These weighted earn ings fo r individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an a gg re gate fo r each occupational group. F in a lly, the ratio of these group aggregates fo r a given year to the aggregate fo r the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index fo r the given year. The indexes m easure, princip ally, the effects of ( l ) general salary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other increases in pay received by individual w orkers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor fo rce such as labor turnover, fo rce expansions, force reduc tions, and changes in the proportion of w orkers employed by estab lishments with different pay le v e ls . Changes in the labor fo rce can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. F o r example, a fo rce expansion might increase the proportion of low er paid workers in. a specific occupation and r e sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of low er paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights elim inates the effects of changes in the proportion of w orkers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay fo r overtim e, since they are based on pay fo r straight-tim e hours. Indexes fo r the period 1953 to 1956 fo r workers in 15 other m ajor labor markets appeared in BBS Bull. 1188, Wages and Related B enefits, 17 Labor M arkets, 1955-56. Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 and October 19 54 and percents of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent in creases fropm— (October 1952 = 100) October 1951 October 1952 October 1954 Industry and occupational group October October to to to 1954 1956 October 1952 October 1954 October 1956 All industries: 7.6 10.3 10.6 110.3 _____ 122.0 O ffic e c le ric a l (w o m e n ) _ 8.1 12.0 11.4 124.8 112.0 In d u strial n u r s e s (w o m e n ) 6.2 10.1 10.7 110. 1 S k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e ( m e n ) .... 121.9 4 .2 11.6 11.7 111.6 U n s k ille d p lan t (m e n ) ........... . ... 124.7 Manufacturing: O ffice clerical In dustrial (w om en ) nurses S k ille d m a in te n a n c e U n sk illed ____ ... (m en ) p lan t (m e n ) _ (w om en ) .. . ................. 123. 6 124. 1 122.0 121.2 111.3 112.0 110. 1 108.9 11.1 10.7 10.7 11.3 11.3 12.0 10.2 8 .9 7 .4 9.0 6.1 5.3 October 1951 to October 1956 31.3 35.0 29.4 29.9 32.7 35.2 29.4 27.7 5 A : Occupational Earnings T a b le A - l: O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s (A v e ra g e straight-tim e weekly hoars and earnings for selected occupations studied on an are a b asis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, October 1956) Average Number of workers Sex, occupation, and industry division NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly Weekly x Under earnings $ (Standard) (Standard) 40. 00 $ $ 40. 00 45. 00 and under 45. 00 50. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 $ 85. 00 $ $ $ $ $ 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105.00 n o . 00 55. 00 60, 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 00 19 10 12 1 11 23 12 11 33 23 10 63 4b 17 74 bY 17 105 84 21 5 4 37 34 43 37 — 50 26 22 4 2 105. 00 n o . 00 115. $ $ 115.00 120. 00 and 120.00 over Men 676 503 173 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 $ 95. 00 9b. 50 90. 00 C le rk s , accounting, class B ____________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ 252 198 40. 0 40. 0 79. 00 81. 50 - - C le rk s , ord er _ _________________________________________ M a n ufa cturin g __________ ____________________________ N o nm anufacturing___________________ _______________ Wholesale trade ___________________________________ 887 347 540 502 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 87. 50 94.00 83. 50 84. 00 _ - C le rk s , p a y r o ll________ _______________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ 244 205 40. 5 40. 5 82. 50 84. 00 . Office boys _ __ __ ______________________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ — Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Finance * * _________________________________________ 265 39. 0 n r r ~ “ "5975 134 38. 5 38. 5 69 56. 00 55750 57. 00 60. 50 . - Tabulating-m achine operators __________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ 289 40. 0 40. 0 91. 00 91. 50 _ C le rk s , accounting, class A ____________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ 226 1 - - 122 84 38 77 54 23 37 --------- r7 37 60 49 11 51 48 3 1 1 3 3 2 24 11 5 5 8 - _ - - _ - 20 20 20 13 1 12 5 68 32 162 ------- 59 — T T ] 7 --------- V 64 52 88 25 50 18 50 88 _ _ 10 10 4 2 18 10 10 2 35 30 32 29 20 20 44 40 17 14 22 20 17 14 4 3 10 71 39 32 16 40 16 24 21 21 9 12 11 14 9 5 4 7 7 2 1 1 - _ - . " " _ - “ 3 1 5 1 17 8 34 10 8 -------27 21 15 39 36 28 26 56 48 37 31 16 16 - 5 1 1 _ - _ - _ - ~ 39 26 13 _ - 20 52 5 ------- T T 25 15 10 5 w ~ 151 159 42 ------- 57“ 117 84 116 84 70 38 72 75“ ------- 5 7 - --------35 — 47 3 15 47 15 3 14 R“ 23 TT 1 - 15 ----------14 r r 4 9 4 2 14 ~ T T - 1 1 . - . - - _ - 24 17 9 6 " _ _ - _ - _ _ - 10 _ _ - " 22 6 16 40 -------12 28 10 6 5 15 15 3 11 - - - - - - - - 4 4 56 39 17 39 23 16 36 33 3 62 57 5 33 19 14 24 17 ' 7 9 4 5 10 5 5 3 3 _ " _ - 1 1 _ - 150 18 132 8 104 256 101 155 40 105 136 35 101 46 36 75 42 33 8 25 43 24 19 11 4 3 3 - 4 3 1 1 - " - - - - - 165 115 -------4 5 - -------35 120 79 100 56 44 68 43 25 30 23 13 10 19 9 10 8 8 " ~ 1 1 ' ■ 18 2 2 - 8 8 - - - - 8 Women B ille r s , machine (b illin g machine) ________________ ___ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ — Nonmanufacturing __________________________________ 270 . 96 40. 0 61. 50 4trr 0 .. 753.00 58. 50 39. 5 - rrr~ 2 2 “ 67 41. 5 67. 00 . _ 2 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A _____________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ ___ 279 197 82 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 74. 50 74. 00 75. 50 . - „ . - " 2 2 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _____________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________________ Wholesale trade __________________________________ Finance ** _________________________________________ 979 265 714 143 505 39. 39. 39. 39. 38. 59. 64. 58. 62. 56. 50 00 00 50 50 _ - 7 7 5 118 12 106 20 84 187 27 160 10 141 76. 00 79. 00 74. 00 _ - B ille r s , machine (bookkeeping machine) ______________ C le rk s , accounting, class A ________________________ ____ 760 Manufacturing ________________________________________ ------ JT2 N onm anufacturing____________________________________ 448 0 5 0 5 5 39. 5 .... ~W. 5 39. 5 C le rk s , accounting, class B M an ufa cturin g ___ ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ __ ________ Public utilities * 1,295 658 637 72 40. 0 40.0 39. 5 40. 0 65. 70. 59. 57. C le rk s , file, class A ___________________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ___ __________________________ ______ N o nm anufacturing___ _______________________________ 257 157 100 39. 5 39. 5 39. 5 66. 00 67.00 65. 00 00 50 00 50 _ - _ - . _ " - 31 31 1 _ - — 6 7 --------- 3— 6 4 155 59 5 ------ 45 54 109 21 5 2 2 74 s i- — ii 21 4 17 75 25 50 143 — W ~ 88 114 80 78 55 175 54 ------ 9 3 - -------S T - -------99 ------ 65 1 28 21 13 82 3 1 7 27 10 56 36 48 47 22 — n r~ --------- 5 W ~ -------2S~ -------7 T ~ -------2 4 4 7 20 32 12 5 254 96 158 17 — 46 33 31 r e - -------2 5 - ------- 25 8 5 27 241 101 140 24 See footnote at end of table. * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities, * * Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. NOTE: Data fo r nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department stores; the rem ainder of retail trade is appropriately represented in data fo r all industries combined and fo r nonmanufacturing. 18 12 25 25 - 18 3 2 1 - - - Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of L a b o r Statistics 6 T a b le A -l: O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (A v erage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an are a b asis in C levelan d, Ohio, by industry division, October 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers $ 40. 00 and under 45. 00 $ 45. 00 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 35 35 11 136 37 99 29 45 249 61 188 59 71 220 ------ §6 134 52 44 125 67 58 21 27 97 ------ 47~ — 50 29 16 21 6 4 2 42 42 - - Weekly, Weekly hours 1 earnings1 Under (Standard) (Standard) lo . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115. 00 120. 00 and 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 ■10-5.00 110.00 ..llfLQ.Q 120.00 over. $ 80. 00 Women - Continued C le rk s , file, class B _ ______________ _________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ . Wholesale trade ___________________________________ Finance ** 930 — 3 ^ r~ 570 194 216 39. 40. 39. 40. 38. 5 0 5 0 5 $ 52. 55. 49. 51. 49. 00 50 50 50 00 ir ~ 4 --------- T ~ - _ - 1 1 - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 - 17 4 13 5 5 - 3 3 - 1 1 - . - - _ - 40 47 41 6 1 29 29 - 14 13 1 - 4 4 - 1 1 - _ _ _ _ - 19 19 - 1 1 " 1 1 1 1 1 - - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - _ - - . - _ - _ - _ - . - _ - 22 r§~“ 4 4 _ - 32 22 10 6 3 1 42 31 11 6 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C le rk s order _ _ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ ............. _ 448 303 145 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 63. 00 64. Oo 61.00 - - 18 18 - 34 12 22 73 40 33 84 65 19 61 43 18 63 37 26 38 24 14 24 24 - 23 23 - ....... . C le rk s , p ayro ll ... . .... Manufacturing ...... . _. .. , _ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g________________________________ '___ Public utilities * _ 931 652 279 105 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 70. 72. 65. 62. 00 00 00 00 2 ? - 19 5 14 - 11 3 8 2 77 47 30 20 111 90 21 18 153 82 71 34 131 87 44 16 98 71 27 9 116 89 27 - 78 54 24 3 Com ptom eter operators Manufactur ing _ Nonm anufacturing Wholesale trade 795 473 322 111 39. 5 40.0 39. 5 39. 5 66. 68. 61. 62. 00 50 50 50 - 4 4 30 4 26 - 105 55 50 22 98 5(1 48 20 127 57 70 26 140 92 48 19 108 61 47 19 114 86 28 4 47 47 - Duplicating-m achine operators (m im eograph or ditto) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _ _ ... ... . _ ..... _ . 120 94 39. 5 39. 5 59. 50 60. 50 - 11 11 13 5 18 17 26 rr~ 16 13 5 4 18 18 ' 10 10 3 3 K ey-punch operators .. _ . . .. ___ _. . M a n ufa cturin g _____ _________________________________ N o nm anufacturing______________ _ _____ __________ 760 592 168 39. 5 40. 0 39. 0 66. 00 67. 00 61. 50 11 11 _ - 42 34 8 62 46 16 75 57 18 145 98 47 154 119 35 108 84 24 122 115 7 33 31 2 8 8 - - Office g irls ______________________________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________________ 254 141 113 49. 5 40. 0 39. 5 52. 50 54. 50 50. 00 - 48 11 37 65 41 24 50 28 22 56 31 25 12 8 4 11 10 1 12 12 - _ - _ " _ " _ - _ - _ - _ - Secretaries _ __ _ . ............ M a n ufa cturin g ________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing _ __ ...................... . Public utilities * . _ Wholesale trade _ _ Finance ** _________________________________________ 2, 649 1T6()6 " 1, 043 198 239 390 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 40. 0 39. 5 38. 5 83. 85. 79. 89. 78. 76. 00 50 50 50 50 00 _ - _ - _ - 28 28 19 22 4 18 14 194 250 T0 '6 ”■ ll"4 88 116 4 17 22 38 52 41 469 261 208 14 53 78 430 238 192 40 39 73 308 210 98 32 6 31 383 281 102 26 35 19 167 126 41 23 6 10 107 84 23 19 1 3 38 30 8 2 1 5 Stenographers. general _ _ ..... . Manufacturing _ _ N o nm anufacturing_________________________ ___________ P ublic utilities * . ... . . _. Wholesale trade ___________________________________ Finance ** _________________________________________ 2, 664 T7T73 1,091 152 395 342 39. 40. 39. 40. 39. 38. 5 0 0 0 5 0 68. 00 71.00 64. 00 65. 00 67. 00 60. 50 _ - 14 1 13 10 383 351 l ~ “ 213 102 98 13 17 58 59 20 12 229 'T 8 T 46 11 13 14 104 86 18 _ 18 - 23 22 1 _ 1 " 9 9 5 5 _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 1 - 22 22 22 1 _ 1 _ 1 - - - Stenographers, te c h n ic a l________________________________ • Switchboard operators ---------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing _ ._ ._ . . . _ No nm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________________ 209 39. 0 77. 50 _ _ _ _ 1 _ . - 410 176 234 40. 5 40. 0 40. 5 64. 00 70. 50 59. 50 - 18 18 46 1 45 Switchboard opera tor-re ce ption ists _ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing ____________________________________ Wholesale trade 643 36T5 275 94 39. 40. 39. 39. 63. 50 65. 50 61.00 63. 50 26 -------3----17 “ 11 11 " _ _ _ . _ ...... . 5 0 0 5 - - . _ ■ See footnote at end of table. * T ransportation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), communication, and other public utilities. * * Finance, insurance, and re a l estate. 151 362 — 51— T 5 5 98 207 22 33 16 63 50 78 — 157 51— 96 5 34 40 — W ~ 4 2 — 545 "“ 257 288 27 109 79 464 268 196 29 56 57 - - 6 5 12 30 84 37 26 8 _ . 34 10 24 26 76 27 49 89 38 51 36 29 44 7 . . . . - “ - - 16 6 1 2 2 “ _ 7 32 30 2 - . - 64 24 40 14 88 4i 47 180 121 1"13" — m 41 67 26 17 74 ----- 37 37 8 44 ----- IT 7 4 22 5 — rs~~ --------5 4 ■ ■ _ _ _ _ _ 1 4 4 - " - - - - - 5 21 21 ~ 28 28 ' 5 - _ _ 3 3 " “ - “ 7 T a b le A-1: O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d (Average s tra ig h t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, October 1956) Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Number Sex, occupation, and industry division of workers Weekly , Weekly . hours 1 earnings 1 (Standard) (Standard) Under $ 40. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 and 45. 00 30LOO 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 over Women - Continued Tabulating-m achine operators _ _ ............ Manufacturing _ _ . ... .... . No nm an ufa ctu rin g___________________________________ 161 86 75 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 $ 74. 50 79. 00 69. 00 - - .. - 1 1 15 10 5 23 10 13 30 2 28 22 8 14 12 7 5 19 15 4 21 19 2 10 7 3 5 5 3 3 - Tra n sc rib in g -m a ch in e operators , general ____________ Manufacturing . _ . ____ _ Nonmanufacturing . . . . _ .............. . 553 367 186 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 65. 00 66. 00 63. 00 - - 10 4 6 59 41 18 115 69 46 107 63 44 116 6? 49 44 35 9 67 55 12 33 ... 31 - _ - _ _ - 2 2 _ _ - _ _ - Typ is ts , class A ________________________________________ Manufacturing _______________________________________ N o nm anufacturing___________________________________ Public utilities * ____ ___________________________ Finance** _ __ 1,128 767 361 67 89 39. 40. 39. 40. 39. 5 0 5 0 5 68. 50 70. 50 64. 00 62.00 66. 00 - - 6 4 2 2 46 13 33 24 9 96 41 55 9 13 270 125 145 9 19 207 156 51 10 24 265 230 35 9 9 118 99 19 4 3 94 88 6 2 2 5 4 1 _ - 15 7 8 _ 8 6 _ 6 _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - Typ is ts , class B _______ _ ... M a n ufa cturin g ___________________________ __________ Nonmanufacturing _ _ Public utilities * __ _ _ . . Wholesale trade __ __ ..... .... _ F in a n c e * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2,301 1,137 1, 164 79 319 528 39. 40. 38. 40. 39. 37. 5 0 5 0 5 5 57. 00 59. 50 54.00 59. 50 55. 50 52. 50 33 33 _ _ 33 48 4 44 314 90 224 13 41 148 616 238 378 17 106 137 504 292 212 11 71 91 449 282 167 25 53 63 203 121 82 7 20 34 53 40 13 _ 5 2 50 45 5 _ 5 25 23 2 2 _ - 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 2 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 2 _ - - - - - 18 20 _ _ - - - _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - " _ . _ - 1 Standard hours reflect tiie workweek for which employees receive their regular s tra ig h t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. * Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. ** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. Ta b le A-2* Professional a nd Technical O ccupations (Average stra ig h t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, O ctober 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Weekly^ Weekly . earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) sex, occ upation, and industry division T X Under 60. 00 {65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 ; 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00:115.00 120.001 25.001130.00135.00|140.00 145.00 150.00 155. 00 160.00 and I _ | _ _ $ and 6 0 . 00 Poll 40.00'145.0 Oil 50.00 155.0Qll60. 00 over 70. 00 I7 5 . 00 180. 00 85 ,00 90. 00 95. 00 |100. 00 105.00 1 10.00|115.00|120.00 125.00jl30.00j 135.00ll40.00|l45, Men Draftsm en, le a d e r _____________ M a n ufa cturin g ______________ 150 950 8 ~307cT 1 3 6."00 40. 0 109.50 TffTo- 1 0 9 .50 D raftsm en, s e n io r _____________ M a n ufa cturin g______________ in D raftsm en, junior _____________ M an ufa cturin g ______________ 754 T3 T 40. 0 407 0 80.00 "80'. 1 0 28 T ~40r 82. 50 TT 103 1 ,! 37 41 ~T5" I 19 18 is r 130 " 94 17 __ 24 15 119 1 ~wr 1 I 51 Women Nurses, industrial (registered) M a nufacturing______________ ~ ~W 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their reg ular s tra ig h t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 19^6 U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B ureau of La bo r Statistics N O TE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department stores; the rem ainder of reta il trade is appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. 8 Table A -3 : M aintenance and Powerplant O ccupations (Average h ou rly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, O hio, by industry d ivision, October 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ Average $ hourly , 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 1.70 1.80 earnings Under and $ under 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2.30 $ 2. 30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $ 2. 60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 $ 2. 90 $ 3.00 $ 3. 10 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $ 3.40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3. 20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 20 3 17 1 1 - 5 3 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 2 _ 2 . _ 5 5 - C a rp e nte rs, m a in ten an ce ___ __________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ ______ _ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g______________ ___ __ __ 560 471 89 $ 2.47 2.45 2. 56 E le c tric ia n s , maintenance ________ ____________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _____ ________ __ _________ _ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________ 1,905 1,763 142 2. 58 2.59 2. 52 _ - 6 6 E n g in e e rs, stationary __________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _____ ________ _______________ Nonm anufacturing __ __ ____ _______________ 504 341 163 2.52 2 .56 2.43 2 2 2 _ 2 F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r .. .... _ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________ No nm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________ 661 604 57 2. 14 2. 15 2.02 8 8 88 88 - 33 32 1 63 39 24 65 59 6 132 129 3 87 80 7 76 75 1 49 42 7 38 38 - 12 12 “ 10 10 - - - H e lp e rs, trades, maintenance M a n u fa ctu rin g ____________ __ ____ ________ N onm an ufa ctu rin g ____________________________ 1,406 1,299 107 2. 12 2 .16 1.71 63 8 2 55 127 114 13 132 101 31 78 75 3 214 210 4 198 198 - 137 136 1 249 249 196 196 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 M achine-tool opera tors, t o o lro o m _____________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________ ____ ____ __ _____ 1,480 1,480 2. 52 2.52 _ - 4 4 33 33 26 26 7 7 38 38 58 58 213 213 375 375 198 198 153 153 240 240 81 81 M a chinists, maintenance _______________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ ________________________ 1,320 1,307 2.59 2.59 _ . _ - - - 22 22 23 23 48 48 79 78 76 75 247 242 150 144 143 143 445 445 23 23 627 10 18 12 6 55 18 37 37 17 13 4 4 134 69 65 49 115 1 114 106 193 77 116 32 78 62 16 3 1 2 3 3 12 12 - 15 11 4 28 25 3 37 31 6 45 41 4 124 115 9 62 52 10 98 82 16 68 64 4 27 26 1 6 5 1 5 5 “ 1 1 - 3 3 - _ - 12 12 " 8 2 6 82 79 3 121 119 2 205 194 11 226 211 15 313 289 24 334 265 69 259 258 1 194 193 1 73 72 1 6 6 - 62 62 - - - 28 22 6 6 6 36 5 31 23 23 - 63 49 14 62 58 4 87 36 51 62 59 3 88 46 42 4 2 2 3 8 - 20 20 - 3 3 - 5 5 - . - . . - - . - _ . _ . - _ 1 1 _ _ - - 5 5 21 21 18 18 4 4 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 7 7 191 188 218 211 233 230 199 168 205 204 114 114 134 132 79 79 164 164 _ _ _ “ - 26 26 53 53 58 58 116 116 245 245 136 136 314 314 159 159 229 229 17 17 4 4 4 - 12 12 31 31 97 97 81 81 179 179 125 125 36 36 18 18 2 2 7 7 - * - - - 20 _ - - 20 57 32 25 98 88 10 83 41 42 32 32 - 51 51 - 64 41 23 3 1 2 3 3 - 12 9 3 _ - 34 10 24 . _ _ - - - - 121 120 127 116 90 90 180 180 155 155 35 35 2 .49 2 .49 _ _ _ 2 2 2. 71 2. 71 . 2.50 2.50 O ile rs ____ __ -------- __ ___________ __ __ __ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________ 592 588 2. 12 2. 12 P a in te rs , maintenance __________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ __ ______________ __ _____ Nonm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________ 460 311 149 2.35 2.42 2.21 P ip e fitte rs, maintenance ______ ___________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __ __ ____ ____ ____ __ __ 880 868 2. 54 2. 54 Sheet-m etal w o rk e rs, maintenance M a n u fa ctu rin g _____ ____ __ ____ ___ ____ 145 145 T o o l and die makers ____________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ _______________ 1,882 1,882 - . _ . 4 4 _ 2 2 — 60 64 54“ ~ S o ~ N O TE: _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1 - - - - 2 2 6 6 14 14 1 1 - - - _ _ _ _ _ - " 1 1 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - 2 2 _ - " - 1 1 - 37 37 6 6 1 1 . _ - _ _ - 54 54 5 5 2 2 23 23 24 24 27 27 31 31 3 3 - - - 19 19 7 7 40 40 102 102 304 304 246 246 443 443 601 Tol 91 91 7 7 6 6 - - - - - - . . . _ - - - - - _ _ 12 12 _ - _ . 28 28 Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department stores; the rem ainder of re ta il trade is appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. _ 1 1 _ . 1 Excludes p re m iu m pay for overtim e and for w drk on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 W orkers were distributed as follows: 12 at $1.40 to $ 1 .5 0 ; 6 at $ 1.50 to $ 1 .6 0; 37 at $1.60 to $ 1 .7 0 . * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. 6 6 17 11 1,412 1,412 - - - 20 20 M illw rig h ts ______________________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________ _ 1 1 _ 6 6 17 17 2 .48 2 .49 . - 4 4 17 17 1,631 1,578 _ - 7 7 - M echanics, m a intenance_________________ ____ M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________ - _ _ 30 30 - - _ - - _ - _ _ - - - 10 10 - . _ _ 2.43 2.45 2.42 2.37 - . _ 371 238 _ . - M echanics, automotive (m a in te n a n c e )__ __ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ _______________ Nonm an ufa ctu rin g____________________________ "PnT^I t r ntilitipQ % 25& - $ 3. 70 and over 2 2 _ _ . _ - - - _ _ _ Occupational Wage S urvey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of La b o r Statistics 9 Ta b le A -4 : Custodial and M aterial M ovem ent O ccupations (Average h ourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, October 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— E le vator operators, passenger (women) _____ N o nm an ufa ctu rin g------------------------------------------------Finance ** _______________________________ 269 267 90 $ 1. 24 1. 24 1. 25 4 4 4 1. 12 1 . 12 1. 22 “ 7 7 ” 39 39 - »*. o r r 13 55 18 18 18 L a b o re rs , m aterial handling _________________ M a n ufa cturin g ______________________________ 7, 271 4 :3 4 9 "" 2, 922 1,038 881 1. 98 1 . 94 2. 03 2. 22 1. 83 32 32 - 10 fille rs __ _ _ _ M a n ufa cturin g ______________________________ N o nm anufacturing__________________________ Wholesale trade _________________ __ 1,680 599 871 638 1. 96 . 00 1. 93 1. 92 P ackers, shipping (men) ______________________ M a n ufa cturin g ______________________________ N o nm anufacturing__________________________ Wholesale trade _ _____ ______________ 1,340 1 , 181 159 142 2 . 01 2. 04 1. 75 1 . 81 P ackers, shipping (women) M a n ufa cturin g________ ____________________ 527 463 1. 52 1 . 58 R eceiving c l e r k s __ _________________ _______ M an ufa cturin g ______________________________ Nonm anufacturing__________________________ 590 2. 04 ~2nr5— 1. 99 - — 76 - 39 43 24 39 - - " 16 8 " “ - _ _ _ - - _ -• " - 4 4 460 20 — ir 20 - 23 10 13 7 7 - - - 1 14 16 6 1 49 94 9 252 23 229 44 227 94 133 95 83 27 3 24 - 318 144 174 158 8 10 11 28 28 4 35 20 15 4 12 11 20 12 19 13 8 6 4 4 25 n> 9 9 41 41 34 34 2 10 6 76 66 2 2 66 _ 5 5 ~ 2 3 3 - - - ~ - - - - 2. 73 69 4 " 85 48 37 35 2 “ 2 70 24 46 43 62 6 4 4 470 423 47 24 52 “ 26 i 4 4 _ ~ 2 487 439 48 42 266 102 N O TE: 1. 80 " 2 “ 101 83 18 325 259 66 9 7 25 25 " 488 '373“ 115 $ $ $ $ $ . 80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 1.90 2 .0 0 2 . 2 .2 0 1. 10 10 2 . 20 2. 50 $ 2. 60 2. 70 I$ 2. 70 2 . 80 $ $ 2. 80 2. 90 2 . 90 and over ■ ■ " “ - - “ " - - - * . “ _ - . ■ _ " _ “ _ " _ - _ " _ * _ " _ “ _ “ 116 98 18 237 234 216 211 198 146 52 159 159 - “ * " " - . - . ~ 58 53 5 - 17 17 “ 2 ? ' ■ - _ ■ - _ - - - _ 640 593 47 19 21 801 752" IV 8 6 1 102 83 83 - 10 "? 677 452 225 23 234 2?8 6 - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - " - " - - ■ - 1072 1114 320 476 794 596 593 410 16 122 414 24 390 76 - 8 5 3 3 27 27 1 - 6 6 24 24 - - 9 9 16 177 8 134 49 85 84 203 77 126 207 124 83 80 307 322 184 — r r 138 245 135 99 29 56 56 205 205 - 224 224 " 115 115 - 93 98 6 8 6 8 9 9 153 132 105 129 211 178 0 108 18 21 181 30 30 122 21 108 108 17 17 11 51 23 T7 37 37 2 6 11 81 24 57 31 75 99 “T T ... — r r ------ 8 0 “ 8 19 _ _ 1061 1133 559“ 988 202 145 20 6 6 1 1 91 101 161 161 - 1 -------19 7_ $ $ 2. 30 2. 40 2. 3£L 2.40 104 12 See footnotes at end of table. * Tran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. ** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. r r 440 370 - _ 339 167 172 753 25 728 633 - . 2 115 25 90 135 - 43 - - 1 103 90 15 44 136r -------- 1 5 5 6 10 - - 10 — 1 2. 2 13 . 13 13 i-n o 68 41 41 - 522 425 96 ? 18 161 57 93 30 63 19 18 Shipping c le r k s __ _________________________ __ M an ufa cturin g __ ______________ __________ N o nm anufacturing_________________________ 48 29 19 51 51 - 1. 1. 1. 1. r 15 - , 266 526 1,740 1,087 123 _ - 2 2 — w 3 3 1 Ja n ito rs, p o rters, and cleaners (women) ____ M an ufa cturin g ______________________________ N onm anufacturing_____________ ___________ Finance ** _______________________________ 2 15 15 " - - 3 -------- 3- 56 56 52 - 1. 67 1 . 80 1. 30 1. 56 1 . 39 1.70 8 20 - 3, 671 T, 1 53 918 108 218 1.60 1 20 - Ja n ito rs, p o rters, and cleaners (men) _______ M an ufa cturin g ______________________________ N o nm anufacturing__________________________ Wholesale trade _________________________ Finance ** ______________________________ $ $ $ 1. 50 1 . 60 1.70 37 J7 37 20 - 13 13 2. 03 2. 65 1 . 89 O rder 18 r r 9 9 9 1,283 , 110 173 Public utilities* _________________________ Wholesale t r a d e _________________________ 1.40 125 125 _ 1 137 137 - 1. 30 12 21 Guards _ „ __________________________________ M a n ufa cturin g ___ __ _______ _____________ N o nm anufacturing___________ _____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g — 1. 20 $ 1. 30 w cJ ' rj 83 "'8 3 " " 76 $ o (M Ele vato r operators, passenger (men) ________ N o nm anufacturing__________________________ Finance * * _______________ ______________ $ $ Average, hourly * 1 .0 0 .9 0 earnings Under 0and $ 0.90 under 1 .0 0 1 . 10 F-l Number of workers o Occupation 1 and industry division 21 72 59 12 — r r 13 53 ------ 35" 18 " 190 40 22 166 15 25 23 22 87 87 - 33 33 - 24 20 57 57 “ 49 46 3 - " 31 22 9 30 ------37T ~ _ “ 3 4 3 2 4 2 1 - " 1 - 2 6 2 6 ■ " 32 32 “ 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ - - " - 24 T9 5 5 4 1 “ 9 9 " “ ~ 24 17 12 12 11 20 22 8 - 20 2 9 11 Occupational Wage S urvey, Cleveland, Ohio, O cto be r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Bureau of L a b o r Statistics Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department stores; the rem ainder of re ta il trade is appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. - 1 - _ ■ " ~ _ . - - . _ 4 4 _ - 18 16 2 10 Ta b le A -4 : Custodial and M aterial M ovem ent O ccupations - Continued (Average hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, October 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation 1 and ind ustry division Number of workers T ru c k d riv e r s 3 _ _____ __ __ __ __ . 3,766 Manufacturing _ _ ______ __ __ „ . ____ ... 570 " 2,896 Nonmanufacturing Public utilities * _________________________ 1,329 605 Wholesale t ra d e __________________________ R etail trade 802 T r u c k d r iv e r s , light (under 1Va t o n s ) ______ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 256 $ 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 $ 1.30 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 _ " 9 9 9 - _ - - 9 9 $ 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.24 2.38 _ - - 1.97 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ - " - _ _ 2 .2 0 68 2 .0 6 188 1.93 T ru c k d r iv e r s , m edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) Manufacturing Nonm anufacturing________________________ 1,493 « '3 " 1,008 2 . 18 2.29 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ ____________ Nonm anufacturing________________________ Public utilities * 1,455 in — 1,231 596 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.33 1.903 1,806— 2.09 T r u c k e r s , power (other than fo rk lift)_________ Manufacturing _ - 602 379 2.37 2.3? Watchmen M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________________________ Nonm anufacturing___________________________ 736 478 258 1.60 1.75 1.32 T ru c k e rs , power (fo rklift) _ Manufacturing __ $ $ $ Average, hourly 1 .0 0 Under 0.90 earnings and $ 0.90 under 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 2 .2 6 — 6 _ - - 6 - $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 4 4 4 - 9 9 - 131 34 97 80 9 9 " - - _ _ - - 9 9 - " - - - _ _ _ 4 " - - _ _ - 51 7 44 15 - 15 66 4 62 * Data limited to men workers, except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime, and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes all drivers regardless of size and tvpe of truck operated. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. $ 1.40 1 2 2 - ' 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 2 153 86 67 6 16 - 8 88 - - 4 4 - - 45 45 _ - 24 , 119 68 12 111 8 _ 7 21 1 67 5 5 - 43 27 54 54 - 80 80 - 95 95 136 130 2 58 38 6 99 76 23 59 57 2 _ 2 16 6 77 76 1 $ $ 1 .9 0 4 4 * 85 17 12 $ 322 “ 5T7 ■' . 2 . 2 .2 0 10 229 191 52 ~T55 5 177 17 21 55 5 104 7 97 101 27 74 17 ii 6 . $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $ 2.60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 2.30 2.40 2.50 2 .6 0 2.70 2.80 2.90 481 2007 165 1842 1251 389 215 44 171 9 - 3 ' 3 _ 4 _ 4 _ 2 202 162 -2 7 7 204 52 96 55 8 9 8 8 - 1 13 13 - 4 4 _ _ - - - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 - - 4 4 3 3 - 4 4 - _ - - _ - 315 $ 2.90 and over 8 307 307 2 _ . 130 125 5 179 136 43 9 9 - 214 109 14 921 195 56 — 31 162 865 582 - 17 8 9 - - - _ - 573 182 139 150 rzo- 7 7 15 15 19 19 2 9 9 111 39 23 2 1 2 1 3 3 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 314 TU2 91 91 37 36 144 138 94 81 13 1 19 - 16 1 2 .2 0 $ 10 3 106 111 18 18 955 93 862 11 11 _ 2 _ - 7 7 2 2 30 30 102 102 11 B : Esta b lishm e nt Practices and Sup plem entary Wage P ro v is io n s T a b le B -l: Shift D if f e re n t ia l P r o v i s i o n s 1 P ercent of manufacturing plant w o rk e rs— (a) In establishm ents having form al provisions for— Shift differential S e c o n d s h if t w o rk T o t a l ____________________ ______ ______________ W it h s h if t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ______________ U n ifo r m _________________________ __ _______________________ ce n ts (p e r h o u r ) _ 5 cen ts _ _ 6 cen ts __ _ _____ __________ 7 c e n t s _____________________________________________________ _____ 7 l /z c e n t s __ ____________________________ ________________ __ _ 8 c e n t s ___________________________________ ________________ _______ 9 c e n t s _______________________________________________________________ 10 c e n t s _ _ __________________ 12 c e n t s ___________________________________________________________ _ 13 c e n t s ______________________________________________________________ 14 c e n t s _______________________________________________ ___ _______ 15 c e n t s __________________________________________ _________________ O v e r 15 c e n t s ___________________________________ _________________ 2 0 .8 6 .4 9 3 .5 84. 3 2 0 .6 6 .4 5 9 .7 5 1 .3 1 3 .4 5. 1 1 0 .2 1 .4 1 .2 - 2 .9 2 .0 .7 .8 2 .1 3 .2 1 .0 . 1 9 .9 8 .2 3 .6 3. 1 6 .9 1 4 .9 .4 - 2 .5 - 5 p e r c e n t ______________ _____ ____ ______ _________________ 6 . 6 p e r c e n t ___________ ___________________ ______________________ 7 p e r c e n t ___________________ __ ______ __________________________ 772 p e r c e n t ___________ __ ___________________ __ _____________ 10 p e r c e n t _____ ______ __ _________________________________ ___ 15 p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 .8 .2 1 .6 - N o s h if t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ___ ............. ...... _____________________________________ ___ T h ir d o r o th e r s h if t 8 4 .8 3 0 .4 O th e r 2 S e c o n d s h if t 9 5 .6 _______ U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e _____ _________________________________ T h ird o r o th e r s h if t w o r k (b) Actually working on— .3 1 .5 .6 1 2 .5 2 1 .8 3 .4 1 .0 2 .8 5 .7 .4 t - .5 t 2. 3 1 .8 .2 t .4 . 1 * t 6 .4 1 .2 - 3 .9 - .2 . 3 2 .2 .9 .2 2 8 .2 - 9 .0 1 8 .6 .5 3 .3 4 .8 .8 . 1 2 .1 .5 .2 t 9 .9 t 1 Shift differential data a re presented in term s of (a ) establishm ent policy, and (b) w orkers actually employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: ( l ) Op erated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2 ) had form al provisions covering late shifts. 2 M ostly a combination of uniform cents differential and pay for m ore hours than worked. | Le ss than 0.05 percent. Occupational W age Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R Bureau of L a b o r Statistics 12 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m M a n u fa c t u rin g M in im u m rate (w e e k ly s a la r y ) A ll in d u s t rie s s t u d i e d ________________ 235 in — N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m N o n m a n u fa c t u rin g M a n u f a c t u r in g A ll in d u s t rie s B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s E s t a b lis h m e n t s h irin g ra te 10 9 37V2 XXX A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 3 7 Vz XXX 126 B ased A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 235 10 9 For Inexperienced Typists E s t a b lis h m e n t s XXX $ 35. 00 _________________________ o n s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 12 6 37Vz 40 XXX XXX 12 45 Fo r Other Inexperienced Clerical Workers8 62 5 56 63 12 43 141 73 5 . _ _ _ - _ _ 1 _ _ 1 - - - - 2 - _ _ - - _ - 1 - - - - - 2 3 1 - 6 5 6 5 19 18 14 17 _ 13 33 2 5 9 16 9 21 7 10 1 6 4 - 1 2 3 1 2 3 $ 3 7 . 5 0 ________ $ 3 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 . 0 0 ________ $ 4 2 . 5 0 ________ 10 $ 4 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 . 0 0 ________ $ 4 7 . 5 0 ________ $ 5 0 . 0 0 ________ 11 18 17 $ 5 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 2 . 5 0 ________ $ 5 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5 . 0 0 ________ $ 5 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 7 . 5 0 ________ 33 $ 5 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r 10 $ 6 0 . 00 an d u n d e r $ 6 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 . 0 0 ________ $ 6 2 . 5 0 ________ $ 6 5 . 0 0 ________ 9 8 8 6 19 6 1 9 3 2 2 - 1 3 8 4 16 6 1 - 8 8 1 10 2 5 11 14 3 7 9 3 1 1 4 - 1 1 2 - _ - 4 5 7 3 2 _ - _ - 67 _ 4 5 7 6 18 7 10 4 _ _ 2 _ _ - 1 _ 1 11 7 8 1 1 5 9 4 12 2 6 2 1 1 10 1 5 2 _ _ 15 13 2 - 17 XXX XXX XXX 40 XXX XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX ___________________ 40 23 XXX XXX 17 XXX XXX 36 19 XXX XXX 68 23 XXX XXX 45 XXX XXX 56 16 XXX 2 1 XXX XXX 1 XXX XXX 2 1 XXX 1 2 3 _ - 2 - Establishments which did not employ workers in this c a te g o ry _____________________ $ 6 5 . 0 0 a n d o v e r ______________________ - 1 _ - 1 4 i 68 - 3 1 4 - h a v in g n o s p e c ifie d m in im u m Data not a v a ila b le ________________ 1 L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r i n g in e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r ty p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . * S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , re p o rte d . 3 R a t e s a p p l i c a b l e to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d . in — N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 125 $ 3 5 .0 0 an d u n d e r E s t a b lis h m e n t s rate h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m ___________________ Under 37Vz h irin g a n d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k s O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , C l e v e l a n d , O h io , O c t o b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s 13 Table B-3: Scheduled W e e kly Hours P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W O R K E R S ^ M P L O Y E D IN — W e e k ly h o u r s A ll w o rk e rs -------------------------------------------------- - U n d e r 3 5 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 3 5 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------------- __ _ O ver ---------------- AH industries 35 a n d u n d e r 3 7 l/ z 10 0 t t 13 h o u r s ---------------------------------- P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W OR KER S E M P L O Y E D I N — Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 - - 4 11 - Finance ♦ * t 25 21 All 3 industries Manufacturing Public utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 10 0 t t t - - - t - 6 - - _ 77 100 94 t " 10 t 8 4 0 h o u r s ____________________ ___________ ______________ O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ___________________ __ _ _ 78 t 87 t t 86 - 43 f t 96 - 44 h o u rs - f t t t - - 3 - - t 4 4 5 4 - ■ 4 5 “ 3 1 1/ z O ver h o u rs ------------------ ------------------------------------ 3 7V2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ______ ____________________ — -------- 5 ---------------------------------- — ----------------------- O v e r 4 4 and under 4 8 h o u r s ____________________ 4 8 hours _______________________________________ _ O v e r 4 8 h o u r s ___________________________________ “ - “ ~ " - 5 t 75 3 t 5 _ - Data relate to women workers only. Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Includes data for retail trade (except department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately, f Less than 2.5 percent. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. ♦ ♦Finance, insurance, and real estate. 1 3 Table B-4: Paid Holidays1 P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W OR KER S1E M P L O Y E D I N — Ite m 411 2 industries Manufacturing utilities ♦ Wholesale trade P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W OR KER S E M P L O Y E D I N — Finance * * All industries Manufacturing Public utilities ♦ Wholesale trade _ 10 0 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 100 100 100 p a i d h o l i d a y s __________________ ____ ________________ _ L e s s t h a n 5 h o l i d a y s ______________________________ _ 5 h o l i d a y s ___________________________ ______ ______ _ 6 h o lid a y s ---------------------------- ---------------------------6 h o l i d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y _________ __ -------------- 99 - 99 - 100 - 10 0 - 100 - 97 4 98 t 52 t 45 - - 21 78 t 46 4 t 34 - 9 - 67 10 43 98 - 96 - - 79 - 14 66 30 - - t 27 16 3 34 10 t t t t - - t t 3 A l l w o r k e r s _____ ______________________________ ______ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g 6 h o lid a y s 7 ho li d a v s 7 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s ___________ ____________________________ p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s „ ______ ------ ______ _ --------------- __ — ___ — __ __ _ ----------------------- __ _ 8 h o l i d a y s ____ 8 h o lid a y s p lu s ______ —-------------1 h a l f d a y ____ 8 h o lid a y s p lu s 3 h a lf d a y s 9 h o lid a y s __________________ 10 h o l i d a y s ___ _________ ____________________ ____ __________ ____ __________ 12 h o l i d a y s _______ __ ---------------- ---------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o lid a y s ___________ ________________ _________ — _ — Estimates relate to full-day holidays Includes data for retail trade (except Includes data for retail trade (except t Less than 2.5 percent. * Transportation (excluding railroads), ♦ ♦Finance, insurance, and real estate. 1 2 3 21 __________ 18 16 t t t t t t t t t t t - 3 33 - 57 6 - - - - 6 - - - - - - - 3 - - t - - - - - - - - 9 - - t - - - - 3 t T 4 - “ provided annually. department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately, communication, and other public utilities. Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R Bureau of Labor Statistics 14 . Table B-5: Paid Vacations P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D I N — Vacation policy A ll workers „ --------- --------- — All l industries --------------------- P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W OR KER S E M P L O Y E D IN — Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 Wholesale trade Finance ♦ * All 2 industries Manufacturing Public . utilities * 100 100 100 Wholesale trade 100 METHOD O F P A Y M E N T W orkers in establishments providing paid vacation s _____ — „ __________________ _ Length-of-tim e payment ____________________ Percentage paym ent____________ ________ _ Other __ __ ______ __ __ __ __ __ __ _____ W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacation s -------------- ---------------- --------- -------- 100 100 100 99 100 100 92 99 100 100 100 91 90 t t - - - 6 100 - 92 - t t - - - 4 - - " - 8 5 3 t “ - ■ " • AM OUNT O F VA C A T IO N P A Y AND SERVICE PER IO D 3 1 2 3 week or more - __ ______ ______ — — __ __ _ 6 m onths_____ __ _____ _____ __ __ — __ _ 1 year _ __ __ — ------- — — __ ---- _ weeks or more ___ ~ __ __ 6 months _______ ________ 1 year _ — __ „ __ 2 y e a r s ___ __ _____ __ __ 3 years _____ 5 years „ __ __ __ ____ 10 years __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ________ — _____ _______ — _ __ _ ----__ __ _______ _____ _____ __ _ __ __ . _____ _ ________ __ __ _ weeks or more ____ — _______ — — __ _ 6 m onths_____ „ — __________________ __ _ 1 , 2 , 3 years ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 5 years __ ---- __ ---------- ------- _ 10 years __ __ __ __ __ __ __ „ 1 5 years __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _______ 2 0 years ..._________ _____________ _________ __ 2 5 years ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ _____ _ 4 w e e k s __ ___________ ___ ____ __ ______ 1 5 years __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ 2 0 years __ __ __ __ ________ __ 25 years _____ __ __ — __ __ _ _ _ _ 100 100 10 0 100 92 80 14 61 8 14 25 100 100 59 100 99 10 100 67 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 99 99 100 - 6 92 100 100 . t 84 77 _ _ _ 7 37 ! 47 69 98 ! j 62 70 99 99 99 99 100 100 ! 1 89 89 89 94 100 65 - _ t t _ _ _ _ _ 91 96 97 93 95 100 95 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 90 94 90 80 98 t t t _ t t t t _ _ - t 25 3 26 t 15 74 98 87 21 19 92 84 t 3 90 89 90 90 92 94 90 80 90 80 98 98 14 10 36 14 18 - t 3 14 - . - 89 11 27 11 22 94 97 39 t t 11 92 100 87 92 100 89 94 100 65 11 8 56 25 _ 3 8 . _ 29 56 25 - . t t - 6 4 4 10 36 14 18 11 See footnotes at end of table. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. ♦♦Fin ance, insurance, and rea l estate. NOTE: t 54 92 1 j 4 Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1956 U .S . D E PAR TM EN T OF LA BO R Bureau of Labor Statistics In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek 's pay. 15 63 65 _ 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a c a t io n p o l ic y All j industries Manufacturing Public A utilities ^ Wholesale trade PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Finance ** All 2 industries Manufacturing Public * utilities * Wholesale trade P R E D O M IN A N T P R A C T IC E S A F T E R S E L E C T E D Y E A R S O F S E R V IC E A fte r I y e a r : A fte r 2 y e a rs: 2 w e e k s ____________________________ 2 w e e k s ____________________________ 83 93 90 96 53 92 75 82 92 95 5 84 5 55 5 88 5 62 5 60 69 5 46 57 A fte r 3 y e a r s: A fte r 5 y e a rs: 2 w e e k s ____________________________ 2 w e e k s ____________________________ 94 94 94 95 94 99 99 97 100 96 37 92 5 37 93 98 100 65 82 A f t e r 10 y e a r s : A f t e r 15 y e a r s : 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------3 w e e k s ____________________________ 70 89 67 92 97 90 73 74 73 98 59 85 56 89 100 100 66 63 A f t e r 20 y e a r s : A f t e r 25 y e a r s : 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------3 w e e k s ____________________________ 87 76 90 83 88 54 80 66 92 80 81 76 86 83 71 6 56 65 40 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ) an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ) , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to fcnose in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d do not r e f l e c t th e in d i v id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d i c a t e d a t 10 y e a r s * s e r v i c e in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 an d 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e c u m u la t i v e . T h u s , th e p r o p o r t i o n r e c e i v i n g 3 w e e k s * p a y o r m o r e a f t e r 5 y e a r s in c lu d e s t h o s e w h o r e c e i v e 3 w e e k s * o r m o r e p a y a f t e r fe w e r y e a r s of s e r v ic e . * M o r e th a n 4 w e e k s * p a y a p p l ie u to a b o u t 1 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s . 5 1 w eek. 6 4 w eeks. t L e s s th a n 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— T y p e o f p la n All industries 1 A ll w o rk e rs _____________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e _____________________________________ A c c i d e n t a l d e a th an d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e _______________________ _________ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s ic k l e a v e o r b o th 3 ________________________ S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e _________ S ic k l e a v e ( f u l l p a y a n d no w a i t in g p e r i o d ) _______________________________ S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a i t in g p e r i o d ) ________________________________ H o s p it a l iz a t io n in s u r a n c e ____________________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ________________________________ M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e _________________________________ C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e __ _____________ _______ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n _______________________________ N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n ______ 100 Manufacturing 100 Public utilities * 100 Wholesale trade 100 Finance * * 100 All industries Manufacturing __________100_________ _________100__________ ________100______ 98 100 Wholesale trade __________ 100 86 93 96 95 84 94 95 45 49 13 38 59 52 55 37 30 72 49 85 66 94 16 56 42 22 6 85 79 89 88 100 37 73 42 44 55 44 30 20 5 t 37 39 6 74 71 33 14 3 84 86 45 14' 78 45 36 36 3 23 91 3 57 57 27 15 58 13 80 48 15 10 83 t 76 79 40 5 67 t 83 87 45 34 37 37 29 8 100 4 t 6 66 66 25 27 57 9 74 4 t 4 t 4 72 1 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ) an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to th 6 s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h e w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e t a i l t r a d e (e x c e p t d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ) , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d iv is i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 U n d u p lic a t e d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S ic k l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m it e d to t h o s e m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s p a y th at c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . I n f o r m a l s ic k l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d on a n in d i v id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c lu d e d . | L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c l u d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , * * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te . Public utilities * c o m m u n ic a t io n , w h i c h d e fin it e ly e s t a b l i s h a t l e a s t the m in i a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , C le v e la n d , O h io , O c t o b e r 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s 17 Appendix: Job Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a va riety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ sign ifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing supervisors, apprentices, learn ers, beginners, trainees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. O ff B IL L E R , MACHINE Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b ille rs , machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: B ille r , machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from cu stom ers1 purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r , machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers1 bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers 1 ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertica l columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not. involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers 1accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under b ille r , machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sheets fo r the accounting department. C LE RK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish m ent’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, perform s one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the m ore routine, accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several w orkers. 18 CLE RK, F IL E Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system^ C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records o f various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filin g and locating m aterial in the file s . May perform incidental c lerica l duties. Class B - P erfo rm s routine filing, usually of m aterial that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a teria l in the file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for m aterial or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled . May check with credit department to d eter mine credit rating, of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, P A Y R O L L K E Y -PU N C H O PERATO R Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. Mc.y duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May v e rify own work or work of others. O FFIC E BOY OR G IRL P e rfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor c lerica l work. SECRETARY P e rfo rm s secretarial and c le rica l duties for a superior in an adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receivin g people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, G ENERAL Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on tim e or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w rite r. May also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). COM PTO M ETER O PERATO R STENOGRAPHER, TEC H NICAL P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe m atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal b riefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work. D U PLIC ATING -M AC H IN E O PERATO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR D ITTO ) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten m atter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted m aterial. Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essages. May give in for mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 19 TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATO R, G ENERAL - Continued SWITCHBOARD O PER A TO R-R ECEPTIO N IST tion type This time In addition to perform ing duties of operator, on a single posi or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine c lerica l work as part of regular duties. typing or cle ric a l work may take the m ajor part of this w orker1s while at switchboard. TA B U LA TING -M ACH INE OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tran s lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple w iring o f plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IS T Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do c le ric a l work involving little special training, such as keep ing sim ple records, filing records and reports or sorting and dis tributing incoming m ail. ♦ Class A - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the following: Typing m aterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining m aterial from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATO R, GENERAL P rim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerica l work. W orkers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu la ry such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p re pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction o f a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or m ore draftsmen in preparation .of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p re lim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing; Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing m ore difficult problem s. May assist subordinates during Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the following; Typing from rela tively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance policies, e t c .; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly. and Technical D RAFTSM AN, LEADER - Continued em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSM AN, SENIOR P rep a res working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparin g working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and trusses; verifyin g completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; w riting specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrica l, mechanical, or structural drafting. 20 NURSE, IND USTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, IND USTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving firs t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, safety of all personnel. Maintenance and TRACER Copies tracing cloth or Uses T-squ are, simple drawings nd plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare and do simple letterin g. Powerplant C A RPEN TE R, M AIN TEN AN CE ENGINEER, STATIO N AR Y P erfo rm s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, flo ors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a va riety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting m aterials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or elec trica l) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, m o tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigera tin g equipment, steam boilers and b o ile r-fe d water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record o f operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded. E LE C TR IC IA N , M AIN TEN AN CE P erfo rm s a va riety of elec trica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a va riety of elec trica l equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, m otors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the elec trica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrica l equipment; using a va riety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually a c quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREM AN , STATIO N AR Y BOILER F ire s stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing b o ilerroom equipment. H E LPE R , TRADES, M AINTENANCE A ssists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning w ork ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding m a teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jo u r neyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, liftin g, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e basis. 21 M ACH INE-TO O L O PERATO R, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, M AINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine tools, such as jig b o rers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s , fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and perform ing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a va riety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and perform ing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for m ajor repairs; preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, M AIN TEN AN CE M ILLW R IG H T Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va riety of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations re la t ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the m achinist^ work norm ally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y out are required. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed r e ducers. In general, the m illw rig h t^ work norm ally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AU TO M O TIVE (M A IN TE N A N C E ) Repairs automobiles, Duses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills , or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakee and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. P A IN T E R , M AINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May pnix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 22 P IP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo l lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to co rrect lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or pow er-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers p rim a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. and laying out ail types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating a ll available types of sheet-m etal-w orking machines; using a va riety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and a ssem bling; installing sheet-m etal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLU M B ER, M AIN TEN AN CE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. S H E E T-M E TA L WORKER, M AIN TEN AN CE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning Custodial and (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies fo r forgings, punching and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written s p e cifi cations; using a va riety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die m aker's w ork requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F o r cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material E LE V ATO R OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishment. W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD P erform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE M AKER Movement JANITOR, PO RTER, OR CLE AN ER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an o rd erly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 23 LABORER, M A T E R IA L HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting m aterials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. F or wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cu stom ers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w a re houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and custom ers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-th e-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (T ra c to r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity. ) PACK ER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to v e rify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE RK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is r e sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work in volves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and p re paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work in volves: V erifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver Tyuckdriver, Truckdriver, Tru ckdriver, Tru ckdriver, (combination of sizes listed separately) light (under l'Va tons) medium ( 1V2 to and "including 4 tons) heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (fork lift) Trucker, power (other than fo rk lift) W ATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fir e , theft, and illegal entry. * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 1957 O - 414517 Bulletins in This Series O ccu p atio n a l wage surveys are being conducted in 19 major labor markets during late 1956 an d early 1957. A bulletin for the following a rea i s now a v a ila b le and may be pu rchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government P rin tin g O ffic e , Washington 25, D. C ., or from any of the regio nal s a l e s o f f ic e s lis te d below. As additional b u lle tin s become a v a ila b le , they will be l is te d in subseq uent i s s u e s . L a b o r Market Survey P eriod S e a ttle , Wash. August 1956 B L S B u lle tin Number P rice 1202 -1 25 c e n ts Regional Sales Offices U. S. Department of L ab o r Bureau of L ab o r Statistics 18 O liver Street Boston 10, M ass. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 50 Seventh Street, N. E. Atlanta 23, Ga. U. S. Department of L abo r Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue N ew York 1, N. Y . U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of L abor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111. U. S. Department of L abor Bureau of L a b o r Statistics 630 Sansome Street San F ran cisco 11, C alif.