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Occupational Wage Survey CLEVELAND, OHIO JUNE B u lle t in N o . 1958 1 2 2 4 -1 9 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR ST T IC A IST S J a m «s P. M itch e ll, Secretary Ewan Clagua, Com issionar m Occupational Wage Survey CLEVELAND^ OHIO JUN 1958 E B u lle tin No. 1224-19 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA ISTIC T S Ewan Clague, Com issioner m August 1958 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the year's surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. Introduction_______________________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups ________________________ 1 4 Tables: 1. 2. Establishments and workers within scope of su r v e y __________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods __________________ A: Occupational earnings * A - 1: Office occupations ____________________________ A - 2: Professional and technical occupations _________________ A - 3: Maintenance and power plant occupations _______________ A -4 : Custodial and material movement occupations _________ B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions * B - l : Shift differentials _________________________________________ B -2: Minimum entrance rates for women office workers ___________________________________________________ B -3 : Scheduled weekly hours ___________________________________ B -4 : Overtime pay ______________________________________________ B -5 : Wage structure characteristics and labormanagement agreements _______________________________ B -6 : Paid holidays _______________________________________________ B -7 : Paid vacations _____________________________________________ B -8 : Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________________ Appendix: Job descriptions _____________________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations for most of these item s are availa ble in the Cleveland area reports for October 1951, October 1952, October 1954, and October 1956. The 1954 report also includes data on frequency of wage payments, and pay provisions for holidays falling on nonworkdays. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request. A current report on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices is also available for the machinery industries in the Cleveland area (December 1957). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local-transit operat ing employees, and motortruck drivers. iii 2 3 5 8 9 10 12 13 14 14 15 16 18 20 21 O ccupational W a g e Survey - C le v e la n d , Ohio* Introduction The Cleveland area is one of several important industrial centers in which the Department of Labor*s Bureau of Labor Sta tistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide ba sis. In each area, data are obtained by Bureau field agents from representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ices. Major industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. 1 Wherever possible, sepa rate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishm ents. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job (see appendix for listing o f these descriptions). Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-tim e workers, i. e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o s t-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is * This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional office in Chicago, 111., by Woodrow C . Linn, under the direction of George E. Votava, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst. 1 See table on page 2 for m inim um -size establishment covered. to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented also (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on se lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they r e late to office and plant w orkers. The term "office w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes all office clerical employees and ex cludes administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "P lant w ork ers" include working foremen and allnonsupervisory work ers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are ex cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. Shift differential data (table B - l ) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant worker employ ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the c la s sification "o th e r " was used. In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment ba sis. Overtime pay practices; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. 2 workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Scheduled hours, wage structure characteristics, and labor-managem ent agreements are treated sta tistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a ^majority are c o v ered .3 Because of rounding, sums of individual item s in these tabulations do not necessarily equal totals. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the num ber of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e. The third section presents a list of the paid holidays and the proportions of workers to whom they are granted annually. The summary of vacation plans is limited to form al arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. Separate estim ates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or fla t-su m amounts. How ever, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week’ s pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen’ s compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions, 4 plans are included only if the employer (l) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to form al plan s5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker’ s pay during absence from work because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to (l) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if 3 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section of established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that it could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, table B- 3 ) were presented in earlier years in term s of the propor tion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. weekly hours for women w orkers. Table 1: E stablishm ents ana w o rk e rs within scope of survey and number studied in Cleveland, Ohio, 1 by m ajor industry division , June 1958 Minimum em ploym ent in esta b lish ments in scope of study Industry division W orkers in establishm ents Number of establishm ents Within scope of study Within scope of study 2 Studied Studied T o t a l3 O ffice Plant T otal 3 _________________________________________________________ . 961 235 3 09, 7 00 54, 300 194,600 184, 740 M anufacturing (excluding new spapers) ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilro a d s ), com m unication, 101 454 507 109 126 212, 600 97,100 32,900 2 1,400 146, 800 47 ,8 0 0 133,940 50, 800 101 51 101 51 51 64 15/ 80 90 116 22 34 20 26 24 2 7,800 17, 300 23, 600 15, 400 13, 000 A ll d ivision s and o th e r public, u t i l i t i e s 4 __ ________ _ Whole sale trade __________________________________________________ R etail trade (excluding departm ent s to r e s ) -------------------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate ____________________________ S e r v ic e s 7 -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11, 300 7, 600 , ( 5) 6 2, 100 ( 5) 4, 800 4, 600 ( 5) 8, 600 ( 5) 19,890 7 ,4 2 0 11, 540 7 ,7 2 0 4 ,2 3 0 1 The Cleveland M etropolitan A rea (Cuyahoga and Lake C ounties). The "w o rk e rs within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate d escrip tion of the size and com p osition of - — a the labor fo rc e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, h o w e .t r ,, to serve as ~ b a sis of ------ ---------- --------- ------- ---------yem ploym ent indexes to m easure employment, trends o r le v e ls since ( l ) planning i — com parison with other area t 1 | ^ are excluded fro m the scope of the survey. . - _ . of wage surveys req u ires the use of establishm ent data com piled con siderably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents ^ 2 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation A ll outlets (within the are a )’ of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto rep air s e r v ic e , and m otion*n — of ^om nam es in such industries as trade, finance, auto rep pictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. s sio l, m the separate office and plant c a te g o r . , , , . .. f nrr st.llfiies 3 Includes executive, technical, p ro fe ssio n a l and other w o rk e rs excluded frolevelan d 's transit system is m unicipallyie s . ............................ C operated and, th e re fo re , excluaed oy definition fro m tne scope of the studies. 4 A ls o excludes taxicabs, and s e r v ic e s incidental to w ater transportation 1 the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficien t to ju stify separate presentation of data. 5 This industry d ivision is represen ted in estim ates fo r " a ll in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing J r U D U U d‘UC O a c C U t lC * \f lHlA U + ‘ ESUmate ” U ,e * tG H otels; personal s e r v ic e s ; business w vv r repair shops; radio broadcasting and teie v isio n ; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bership organization s; and engineering and a rch itectu ral s e r v ic e s 3 Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors* fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-in sured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the w orker’ s life. With reference to wage structure characteristics, proportions of time and incentive workers directly reflect employment under each pay system . However, because of technical considerations, all tim e rated workers (plant or office) in an establishment were classified to the predominant type of rate structure applying to these w orkers. Incentive-worker employment was classified according to the pre dominant type of incentive plan in each establishment. Graduated provisions for premium overtime pay were c la s s i fied to the first effective premium rate. For example, a plan calling for time and one-half after 8 and double time after 10 hours a day was tabulated as time and one-half after 8 hours. Similarly, a plan calling for no pay or pay at regular rate after 3 7 hours (regular weekly schedule) and time and one-half after 40 was considered as time and one-half after 40 hours. 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups The table below presents indexes of salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and of average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on week ends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include m ost of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs^ B ille rs, machine (billing machine); bookkeepingmachine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; key-punch operators; office g irls; secreta ries; stenographers, general; switchboard opera tors; switchboard operator-receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-m achine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled-—carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; m illwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-m etal workers; and tool and die m akers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, m aterial handling; and watchmen. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average of 1953 and 1955 employment in the job. These weighted earnings for individual T a b le 2: occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupa tional group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. The indexes m easure, principally, the effects of ( l ) general salary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reduc tions, and changes in the proportion of workers employed by estab lishments with different pay le v els. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and r e sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid p o rk ers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishm ents. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay for straight-tim e hours. Indexes for the period 1953 to 1957 for workers in 14 major labor markets appeared in BLS Bull. 1202, Wages and Related Benefits, 17 Labor M arkets, 1956-57. I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s in C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , J u n e 1 9 5 8 a n d O c t o b e r 1956, a n d p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s in d e x e s ( O c t o b e r 195 2 = 1 0 0 ) In d u stry an d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p Ju n e 1958 A l l in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) I n d u s tr ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m e n ) U n s k i l l e d p la n t ( m e n ) .... _ _ . _ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( w o m e n ) ________________________________________ I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ( w o m e n ) ____________________________________ S k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e ( m e n ) ____________________________________ U n s k i l l e d p la n t ( m e n ) ___________________________________________ O c t o b e r 1 95 6 P e rce n t in c re a s e s fro m — O c t o b e r 1 95 6 to Ju n e 1958 O c t o b e r 1954 to O c t o b e r 1956 O c t o b e r 1 95 2 to O c t o b e r 1954 O c t o b e r 1 95 1 to O c t o b e r 1 95 2 1 3 1 .9 138. 3 130. 5 134. 5 1 2 2 .0 1 2 4 .8 1 2 1 .9 1 2 4 .7 8. 1 1 0 .8 7. 1 7 .9 1 0 .6 1 1 .4 1 0 .7 1 1 .7 1 0 .3 12. 0 10 . 1 1 1 .6 7 .6 8. 1 6 .2 4 .2 1 3 4 .7 138. 3 1 3 0 .3 129. 8 1 2 3 .6 124. 1 1 2 2 .0 1 2 1 .2 9 .0 1 1 .5 6 .9 7. 1 11 . 1 1 0 .7 1 0 .7 1 1 .3 1 1 .3 12 . 0 1 0 .2 8 .9 7 .4 9 .0 6. 1 5 .3 A : O c c u p a t i o n a l E a r n in g s 5 Table A-1: Office Occupations. (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis in C leveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) Avebagk Sex, occupation, and industry division Num ber of w orkers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— W eekly W eekly Under hours 1 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 45 . 00 and under 5 0 .0 0 $ $ $ 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 65. 00 $ 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 $ $ 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 $ $ % $ $ $ 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 and 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over $ $ 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .00 9 5 .0 0 Men C le r k s, accounting, cla ss A — M an u factu rin g ----------------------'Nonmanufacturing --------------Public utilities f -------------W holesale t r a d e -------------- 647 459 188 41 87 4 0 .0 4 0 .6 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 $ 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 6 9 4 .0 0 9 9 . 50 9 1 .5 0 C ler k s, accounting, cla ss B M an u factu rin g----------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------- Z76 87 4 0 .0 40 . 5 3 9 .5 83. 50 86. 50 7 6 .5 0 C le r k s, order --------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------W h olesale t r a d e -------------- 828 352 476 438 4 0 .0 46 . 6 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 5 .0 0 9fi. 00 9 2 .5 0 94 . 00 C le r k s, p a y r o l l -------------------------M an u factu rin g------------------------ 215 177 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 0 . 50 9 3 . 50 - Office b o y s ----------------------------------M an u factu rin g-----------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------Finance " f t -------------------------- 263 130 133 71 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 6 3 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 63. 00 Tabulating-m achine operators Manufacturing ----------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------- 307 2 l6 91 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 9 7 .0 0 1 6 1 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 2 79 186 93 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 66. 50 68. 50 62. 50 B ille r s , machine (bookkeeping m a c h in e )----------- 61 4 1 .5 7 1 .5 0 B ookkeeping-m achine o p erators, cla ss A -------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------- 258 197 61 3 9 .5 3 9 .6 3 9 .5 7 9 .0 0 79. 36 77. 50 Bookk: .g-m ach in e op erators, c la ss B -------M a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------Public utilities t -------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e -------------------------------------------F in a n c e t t -------------------------------------------------------- 910 687 36 145 457 39. 0 39. 6 39. 0 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 64. 50 68. 50 6 3 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 835 314 521 64 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 38. 5 8 1 .5 0 6 6 . 60 77. 50 7 6 .5 0 T W ~ 17 - - - - 18 1 17 56 42 14 2 4 58 31 27 10 7 89 55 34 3 19 104 91 13 4 7 84 70 14 7 5 68 57 11 9 2 46 33 13 1 8 31 31 4 34 19 15 5 8 - 2 8 2 6 27 12 15 57 50 7 34 22 12 48 39 9 19 13 6 4 4 10 10 * 6 6 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 3 3 " 16 1 15 15 49 6 43 43 52 24 28 28 98 61 37 35 132 $1 81 80 153 94 29 65 65 66 38 28 28 31 15 16 16 35 23 12 12 22 11 11 4 20 93 93 26 24 16 13 15 14 _ - 5 5 2 2 _ _ - _ - 17 - - - - - “ - - 17 4 14 12 9 3 23 18 5 14 - - 6 - - - - - - 6 14 - 5 1 4 _ - - - - - 7 - - - - - 7 - 14 - 39 17 22 15 - 60 - " . _ 37 28 9 _ 16 4 4 - - - - 1 - 11 2 8 2 1 1 38 34 23 13 22 20 31 31 16 16 25 16 9 - 11 2 9 5 16 5 11 7 44 21 23 16 59 25 34 12 53 28 25 17 23 14 9 8 10 7 3 2 9 3 6 2 11 7 4 2 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - “ “ ~ 5 1 4 10 - - 10 4 1 3 13 4 9 28 7 21 37 27 10 4 4 4 4 - 22 24 10 14 75 61 14 54 35 19 14 12 2 46 32 14 21 18 3 _ _ . 11 16 1 5 8 8 12 _ _ _ - - - 7 5 2 17 9 8 55 45 10 22 14 8 40 27 13 31 31 35 23 12 29 27 2 16 16 - 223 92 131 16 21 85 72 20 52 4 20 28 54 15 39 1 10 22 61 20 41 1 33 3 13 9 4 3 Z 1 3 3 - 3 - - > - 1 - - - - - 64 8 56 4 124 18 106 16 211 73 138 10 144 40 104 15 78 48 30 8 46 24 22 35 25 10 2 54 33 21 “ 16 16 13 13 8 8 1 1 1 1 - - - - - ” ■ " - 1 - _ _ _ - - . - . - - - - “ - - - 40 37 3 39 29 10 19 17 2 36 34 2 42 36 6 20 11 9 11 10 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1 1 W om en B ille r s , m achine (billing m a c h in e )---------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g ---------------------------------------------------N onm an ufacturin g----------------------------------------------- C le r k s, accounting class A -------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g ,--------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------— W holesale t r a d e -------------------------------------------- 11% - 29 1 - - - - 36 9 27 101 Z 99 - - - - 16 9 1 96 - _ - - - " “ ■ 166 18 148 11 9 119 6 2 4 “ 175 33..... 142 3 34 91 34 4 30 8 See footnote at end of table. f Transportation (excluding railroad s), com m unication, and other public u tilities, f t Finance, insurance, and real estate. NOTE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department sto r e s; the rem ainder of retail trade is appropriately rep resented in data for a ll industries combined and for ‘ nonmanufacturing. 6 5 " 1 1 3 1 _ _ - _ . _ . 3 2 _ _ 1 _ - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - “ 6 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 50. 00 nnHpr 50. 00 ~ 55. 00 4 4 - 33 9 24 - 113 - 1 0 - 2 2 Number of workers Weekly. hours * (Standard) Weekly Under earnings 1 (Standard) 4 5. 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 ~ 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 2 59 202 120 74 46 71 83 119 25 18 34 63 35 28 $ 70. 00 $ 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 . 00 8 5 .0 0 ■ 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 $ $ 9 5 .0 0 100.00 - 1 0 5 .0 0 100.00 $ $ 1 0 5 .0 0 110.00 - 110.00 $ $ 1 15 .00 120.00 $ 125 .00 115 .00 - 125 .00 and over 120.00 W om en - Continued 69.00 C ler k s, accounting, cla ss B ---------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -----------------------------------------------------------Public utilities f ---------------------------------------------------------W h olesale t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------Finance f t ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,3 0 4 651 653 79 91 224 3 9 .5 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 C le r k s, file , c la ss A -----------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 52 137 115 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9. 0 70. bo 67. 50 C le r k s , file , c la ss B ------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------Public utilities t ---------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade ---------------------------------------------------------Finance f t ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 711 2 64 4 47 42 127 5 7 .0 0 62. 66 54. 00 5 9. 50 56. 50 5 3 .0 0 49 l3 36 - 124 15 109 23 60 127 42 85 34 48 139 37 210 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 4 0 .0 3 8. 5 C le r k s, ord er --------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------- 430 289 141 81 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 68. 00 69. 60 7 7 25 9 16 - 44 44 - 47 C le r k s, p a y r o l l ----------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities f ---------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade ---------------------------------------------------------- 896 661 295 104 55 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 76. 79. 70. . 77. Com ptom eter operators -------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade --------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e t t ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 762 465 297 103 58 D uplicating-m achine operators (m im eograp h or ditto) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7iTcRJ 64. 00 6 5 .0 0 6 9. 50 62. 50 69.00 6 5 .5 0 74. 00 2 1 2 8 8 20 173 71 93 12 0 1 1 9 32 14 42 1 0 24 2 4 6 1 0 14 12 0 23 17 57 2 1 1 1 66 2 4 17 15 9 9 81 55 26 15 “ 65 38 27 18 9 9 41 23 18 3 3 1 2 1 0 2 161 65 96 16 44 24 45 31 14 3 29 24 5 5 - 33 33 - 2 2 2 2 - _ 78 57 55 42 13 9 46 34 47 28 19 19 25 17 103 73 27 142 h 163 39 3 110 149 28 1 2 26 - 2 1 - 92 t 25 15 - 11 2 18 2 9 77 3i 46 17 00 00 50 50 00 9 - - 15 15 7 - 3 9. 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9. 0 3 8. 5 7 1 .5 0 74. 50 67. 50 67. 50 59. 50 _ - 4 4 36 5 31 79 36 43 124 84 40 138 63 75 42 16 15 14 2 97 73 3 9. 5 4 0 .0 67. 50 6 9 .0 0 - 3 3 5 9 36 26 13 Key-punch operators ------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g------------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade ---------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e ft------------------------------------------------------------------------ 847 567 280 56 7 1 .5 0 75. 00 6 4. 00 6 8 .5 0 6 0. 50 _ - 17 22 2 10 2 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8. 5 Office girls -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------Public u tilities t ----------------------------------------------------------- 208 94 114 34 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9. 0 3 9 .5 Se cretaries -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------N onm an ufacturin g------------------------------------------------------------Public utilities t ---------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade --------------------------- -------------------------------F in an cett ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ,7 4 8 1 ,590 1 ,1 5 8 234 283 409 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9. 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8. 5 68 57. 50 " 6 o; 5 0 5 4. 50 6 0 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 9 2 . 50 8 5 .0 0 9 5 . 00 8 4 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 1 8 - 2 2 2 15 - 8 6 1 2 7 27 2 1 39 T5 29 7 49 3 l— 18 14 39 13 - 28 _ _ - - - 3 _ 2 1 1 5 13 15 1 1 1 0 80 38 42 1 1 2 73 48 23 20 - See footnote at end of table. Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities, f f Finance, insurance, and real estate. - 2 1 5 22 8 60 - “ ' 159 64 95 18 ' 2 1 39 5 4 2 1 1 2 8 11 6 22 18 100 76 40 36 6 5 - 1 1 1 1 8 8 - - 3 5 4 4 - . - - 16 l6 _ - - _ - _ - _ - - - _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - “ - - 4 4 - 2 2 - 1 1 _ - _ - 42 42 - 22 30 2 1 1 - - - 78 _ 24 7 42 19 4 - 20 20 - * 1 1 1 - _ - 1 1 4 - - 4 1 0 2 ~ ------ 8 114 2 2 ------ 2 - 419 372 390 i'45' 339""' 227 23 74 78 151 24 38 52 - 5 8 — 329 8 1 0 1 190 14 55 92 — M - _ _ - 14 5 9 9 33 33 - _ _ . - 6 1 4 3 - 24 24 - 12 0 3 _ _ _ _ > - 4 87 84 _ _ _ _ - 3 83 76 7 6 " 4 4 _ _ _ _ - 4 103 87 16 6 _ _ _ - 14 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ - 4 66 1 0 4 69 22 _ _ 37 1 6 92 56 1 1 1 1 43 5 5 1 8 30 30 _ 50 37 13 2 2 2 2 32 29 3 3 - 58 4l 17 1 2 1 1 9 ------ 7 6 24 57 1 7 6 15 7 11 1 - " 1 0 23 9 149 38 80 59 2 1 87 63 24 1 0 104 57 7 23 8 144 78 2 31 30 1 1 33 1 0 1 8 2 3 2 2 - - _ - - - 2 2 _ - - - _ - _ - _ - - - - “ 7 1 1 1 2 1 2 - - _ - _ - _ _ - 1 1 - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - - . - . - 3 77 ~ 30 6 171 46 36 50 249 258 16 0 66 45 36 ~ iv r 80 26 189'— 143 22 69 40 13 18 15 - 13 9 3 _ — r e - — 52— — 55 io 13 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 6 . 1 1 - 53 “ 95- 20 1 2 4 4 7 Table A-l: Office Occupations - Continued (Average straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Average Sex, occupation, and industry division N ber um of w orkers Weekly Weekly! hou rs earnin gs (Standard) (Standard) Under $ 45. 00 $ 45. 00 and under 5 0 .0 0 $ 50. 00 $ 55. 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 75. 00 $ 80. 00 $ 85. 00 $ 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 75. 0Q 80. 00 85. 00 90 . 00 9 5 .0 0 $ 90 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 .00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 and 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 over W om en - Continued Stenographers, general ---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------------P ublic utilities | ------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade ------------------------------------------------------Finance f f ------------------------------------------------------ -------------- 2, 540 1 ,4 9 6 1 ,0 4 4 156 341 354 Stenographers, t e c h n i c a l-------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 186 127 Switchboard operators -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------Public utilities f ------------------------------------------------------W h olesale trade ------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e f t -------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 38. 5 1 1 1 ■ - 1 1 1 - _ 1 - _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 74. 00 7 7'. To 6 9 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 72. 00 6 5 .0 0 11 11 11 4 4 4 39 2 37 9 26 181 47 134 33 27 43 352 158 194 19 27 109 430 207 223 16 83 76 391 221 170 29 63 44 382 266 116 19 48 27 263 179 84 22 41 9 175 131 44 16 16 7 185 164 21 2 17 2 88 84 4 4 - 23 23 _ 39. 0 " T 9 . a ... 82. 50 82. 50 - - _ _ - - - - 9 5 9 9 15 10 29 17 63 53 34 10 4 3 15 15 406 184 222 40 55 55 4 0 .0 39. 5 40. 5 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .0 6 9 .0 0 77. 50 62. 00 70. 00 68. 50 64. 00 12 12 _ 27 27 6 _ 48 11 37 5 5 13 61 18 43 8 20 15 56 30 26 7 16 3 47 30 17 5 9 3 43 32 11 8 1 2 33 32 1 1 _ 2 2 _ - 29 3 26 3 15 9 9 - - 34 12 22 1 4 - - - - - - - - - Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists ------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------W holesale trade ------------------------------------------------------- 645 3S5 2 79 90 39. 5 3 9 .5 39. 0 3 9 .0 68. 00 69. 50 65. 50 6 8 .0 0 4 4 4 11 11 54 7 47 10 65 56 9 4 92 52 40 14 136 81 55 22 121 55 66 16 39 37 2 - 14 7 7 4 5 5 - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - - 6 2 4 4 - - “ Tabulating-m achine operators ---------------------------------------M a n u factu rin g----------------------------------------------------------------- 196 — SI 39. 5 40. 0 7 7 .0 0 86. 50 _ 31 2 41 12 20 -------5 34 14 9 -------5 13 9 14 13 12 11 5 5 5 5 4 4 _ 1 1 _ T ran scrib in g-m achin e op erators, general -----------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------- 492 306 186 79 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 4 0 .0 69. 00 7 1 .0 0 65. 50 65. 50 - _ _ - - - - _ - T yp ists, class A --------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------Public u tilities t -----------------------------------------------------W h olesale trade -----------------------------------------------------Finance t t -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 007 329 65 60 88 39. 39. 39. 40. 39. 39. 5 5 5 0 5 5 73. 76. 67. 67. 73. 65. 00 00 00 50 00 50 1 1 1 . - . - - - - - - Typ ists, class B ----------------------------------------------------------------M' factoring --------------------------------------------------------------* anufacturing --------------------------------------------------------i-ublic utilities t ------------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------Finance t t ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,9 9 7 945 1,0 5 2 95 249 515 39. 40. 38. 39. 39. 37. 0 0 5 5 5 5 62. 66. 59. 65. 59. 58. 50 50 00 50 50 00 2 - _ _ - - - STS ' _ 98 — 54" 34 12 _ 4 4 _ - - - 5 2 2 2 4 4 - . _ - - - 7 - _ _ - 12 12 8 88 43 45 24 97 57 40 13 81 44 37 15 89 60 29 4 65 52 13 8 12 7 5 3 40 35 5 4 8 8 - _ _ _ - - - _ 55 156 50 106 16 18 16 175 189 172 17 2 4 89 65 24 111 94 17 10 2 2 37 36 1 1 18 18 - 4 4 - 10 32 133 99 34 6 13 9 - - 270 149 121 27 39 35 217 151 66 17 10 39 94 77 17 2 23 23 - 39 37 2 2 - _ - 2 - - - - 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - - - 39 24 15 - - “ 15 16 39 21 7 52 59 23 36 18 18 267 59 208 2 45 87 494 152 342 26 79 160 52 6 46 42 7 230 197 7 54 117 “ TOO 75 5 5 4 8 5 11 2 51 44 7 2 5 1 Standc-rH hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straigh t-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours, t Tra” ^ s t a t io n (excluding railroad s), com munication, and other public u tilities, f t Finance, insurance, and real estate. 10 10 _ - _ - _ - - - _ - - “ _ - 8 Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARN][NGS OF- Ae a e vrg Sex, occupation, and industry division o f workers $ $ u S $ $ $ $ s $ s !$ S s 70. Under $ 00 75.00 10.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 ioo. oo, 105 .oa 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 1 and $ and under 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 Q Q Q Q Q 85.00 90. 0Q 95.00 100.00 105.00ill0.00 11 R.nn 120.Q 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145,Q 150.00 155.Q 16Q.QQ■165.Q 17 .Q |_over Q 1 s Number Weekly i Weekly! earnings hours (Standard) (Standard) Men Draftsmen, leader ------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------- 153 147 40. 0 40.0 $ 141. 00 141.00 Draftsmen, senior ------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------- 1,024 977 40.0 40. 0 117. 50 117. 5o _ “ 6 6 4 4 31 29 12 12 26 24 Draftsmen, ju n ior-------------------------------- 539 490 40. 0 40. 0 91.50 O O ' oT 'O 24 20 37 37 39 30 70 66 79 77 Tracers ----------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------- 72 65 40. 0 40. 0 84. 50 84.00 7 7 7 6 7 7 13 13 268 40.0 253~ 40. 0 92. 00 02. 00 _ 7 7 21 21 34 33 _ " _ _ “ _ “ _ “ _ _ _ i i 1 4 | io 4 10 _ 3 3 4 4 6 4 11 11 15 15 15 15 15 15 26 26 14 10 18 18 9 9 39 57 105 105 112 101 107 102 139 133 94 89 132 127 87 87 32 32 44 42 22 21 11 8 18 _ _ 18 " " 104 100 63 62 61 60 23 21 10 9 10 g 3 6 10 _ _ _ _ _ . :___V 12 0 15 13 9 8 1 1 1 1 _ _ " _ “ _ “ _ ■ _ “ _ ” _ “ _ “ “ _ " 50 44 58 58 34 31 38 38 24 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 3 3 " “ Women Nurses, industrial (registered)-----------Manufacturing --------------------------------- _ 2 2 1 Standard hours refle ct the w orkweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. N O TE : Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for departm ent sto res; the rem ainder of retail trade is appropriately represented in data for a ll industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. _ _ _ 1 :— — 9 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) NUMBER OF W0RKEB8 RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division N me u br o f wr e * okr Ae g v ra e h u ly . or e r in s an g Under $ 1. 70 $ 1. 70 and under 1.80 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2. 00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2.90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3.20 1.90 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3.20 3.30 11 5 6 - 9 9 - 30 30 “ 15. 15 - 27 19 8 7 34 26 8 8 83 68 15 12 66 61 5 3 81 63 18 15 54 54 - 13 12 1 - 5 4 1 1 2 2 - 2 2 _ - $ 3. 30 and over Carpenters, maintenance ----------------------------Manufacturing------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------Financeft----------------------------------------------- 482 367 115 67 $ 2. 69 2. 6l 2.92 2.94 - 2 2 - Electricians, maintenance ---------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------------------- 1,652 1, 515 137 2. 78 2. 76 2. 71 _ - 6 6 1 1 - 11 5 6 30 30 - 54 43 11 62 57 5 36 36 - 90 87 3 381 3 70 11 122 103 19 356 287 69 289 287 2 97 95 2 28 27 1 9 9 - 3 80 78 2 Engineers, stationary -----------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------Nonmanufacjuring-------------------------------------- 485 318 167 2. 67 2. 76 2.49 2 2 . - 8 8 46 22 24 16 4 12 6 6 22 5 17 26 11 15 62 55 7 24 19 5 99 56 43 50 45 5 77 56 21 11 10 1 9 8 1 16 16 - 11 11 - Firemen, stationary b o ile r --------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 600 555“ 2. 34 2. 35 4 “ 58 58 8 - 2 2 52 52 41 40 50 46 87 87 108 101 83 80 55 47 27 27 25 25 . - . - _ - _ - Helpers, trades, maintenance ----------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------ 841 75 7 84 2.27 2. 30 1.94 6 6 92 76 16 41 39 2 42 26 16 86 57 29 41 32 9 136 130 6 68 68 - 84 84 - 166 166 - 75 75 - 3 3 - _ - > - . - _ - . - 1 1 - Machine-tool operators, toolroom ----------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 1,262 1,262 2. 72 2. 72 _ - 4 4 8 6 5 5 _ “ 8 8 51 51 37 37 94 94 196 196 180 180 216 216 136 136 204 204 78 78 28 28 6 6 11 11 Machinists, maintenance ------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 1,222 1,204 2. 73 2. 73 . - . " . - . - 17 17 68 68 11 11 36 36 51 51 65 60 320 311 68 64 126 126 422 422 29 29 3 3 1 1 5 5 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance)-----------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------Public utilities $ ----------------------------------- 712 255 457 2 75 2. 2. 2. 2. 60 63 59 55 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 14 14 - 2 2 20 1 19 11 34 4 30 * 23 10 13 13 264 70 194 168 122 33 89 77 125 84 41 6 100 30 70 - 7 7 - 1 1 - _ - _ - - Mechanics, maintenance -----------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 1, 394 1,361 2. 64 2.64 24 24 17 17 124 118 41 41 52 49 232 229 96 91 247 234 102 100 214 214 55 54 106 106 47 47 20 20 17 17 1,290 1,290 2. 71 2. 71 _ _ - . Millwrights --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ _ _ - _ - _ 40 40 33 33 46 46 23 23 55 55 226 226 102 102 2 59 2 59 394 394 16 16 12 12 1 1 _ 4 83 83 Oilers ----------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 431 42 7 2.29 2.30 4 - 2 2 10 10 4 4 17 17 60 60 66 66 202 202 34 34 19 19 8 8 2 2 3 3 _ _ - _ - _ - _ - Painters, maintenance ---------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------Finance|| --------------------------------------------- 416 271 145 109 2. 52 2. 60 2. 36 2.40 _ - - - - 7 7 “ 9 9 - 45 23 22 18 6 6 - 47 5 42 42 22 11 11 8 90 44 46 40 95 95 - 47 46 1 1 23 20 3 - 1 1 - - 12 9 3 - - - 10 10 - - - ' 2 2 - Pipefitters, maintenance -----------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 790 782 2. 73 2. 73 . _ _ _ - - - - 6 6 22 22 14 14 16 16 30 30 115 114 105 99 99 99 225 224 98 98 34 34 10 10 16 16 - Sheet-metalworkers, maintenance --------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 122 122 2. 68 2. 68 _ - _ - . - 1 1 23 23 _ - 1 1 2 5 5 6 22 6 22 57 57 1 1 3 2 3 - . - 1 1 and die makers ------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------------ 1,915 1,915 2.89 2. 89 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 20 20 122 122 190 190 174 174 321 321 322 322 680 —580 26 26 51 51 3 3 Tool 1 a 3 4 | || _ ■ _ . - . - - - - - Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 40 at $ 3 . 70 to $ 3 . 80; 2 at $ 3 . 80 and over. W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 71 at $ 3 .3 0 to $ 3 .4 0 ; 9 at $ 3 .4 0 and over. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 77 at $ 3 . 30 to $ 3 . 40; 6 at $ 3 . 40 and over. Transportation (excluding railroad s), communication, and other public u tilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. N O TE : Data for nonmanufacturing do not include inform ation for department sto res; the rem ainder of retail trade is appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. - - * 48 6 42 21 _ 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Cleveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation1 and industry division N ber um oi w orkers Averagehourly * earnin gs 63 63 63 $ 1 .3 3 1 .3 3 1 .3 3 E levator op erators, p assen ger (w om e n )---------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------- 220 216 Guards --------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Finance f f ------------------------------------------------------ $ $ $ Under 1 .0 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 and $ under 1 .0 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 Elevator op erators, p assen ger (men) -------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------F in a n c e f t ------------------------------------------------------ _ $ 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 60 1 .5 0 1. 60 1. 70 _ . $ $ 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 2 2 . - - 1 - “ " - 8 8 8 4 4 4 20 20 20 2 2 2 27 27 27 - - 1 .1 3 1. 13 7 7 105 105 68 68 5 5 14 12 17 17 2 2 1 ,2 3 9 1 ,0 7 6 163 108 2 .2 0 2. 22 2. 01 1 .9 5 - - - - 1 1 - - " - 1 1 1 11 11 9 14 1 13 6 24 15 9 7 Janitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners (m e n )------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u t i li t i e s f ------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------F in a n c e t t ------------------------------------------------------ 3 ,4 3 5 2 , 492 943 99 188 243 1.81 1 .9 3 1 .4 7 1. 77 1 .8 9 1 .5 2 124 3 124 - 70 13 57 - 65 9 56 8 10 125 20 105 8 20 41 136 36 100 1 6 61 209 94 115 9 16 75 346 307 ?9‘ - 81 15 66 4 7 Janitors, p o rte rs, and cleaners (w o m e n )-------Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Public u t i li t i e s f ------------------------------------------F in an ce^ !------------------------------------------------------- 2, 311 45Z1 ,8 2 9 137 1 ,0 9 8 1 .3 8 1. 74 1 .2 9 1 .4 4 1 .2 9 36 36 - 56 56 18 213 2b 193 - 560 5 555 491 697 11 686 85 537 125 59 66 27 27 292 82 210 16 25 L a b o re rs, m aterial handling ----------------------------M an u fac tu rin g --------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring-------------------------------------------Public utilities ! ------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------- 5, 685 3 ,2 9 5 2, 390 780 731 2. 14 2. 09 2 .2 1 2. 51 1 .9 5 6 6 - 34 34 24 20 20 8 36 36 4 22 22 - 68 54 14 9 Order fille r s ---------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring--------------------------------------------W h olesale trade ------------------------------------------ ' 1 ,4 9 3 - 15 15 - - _ - - - 5 5 - P a c k e rs, shipping ( m e n ) -------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------------------ 1 ,3 4 5 1, 164 181 162 2 . 11 2 . 15 1 .8 6 1 .9 2 - - - 18 12 6 * - 11 2 9 - P a c k e rs, shipping (w o m e n )---------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 441 383 1 .6 1 1 .6 4 _ 48 40 21 15 5 5 4 - Receiving c le r k s .----------------------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g--------------------------------------------W h olesale trade ------------------------------------------ 554 43b 124 97 2 .1 7 2. 19 2 . 11 2 . 07 _ - _ _ - - _ - _ - - - - - “ 5 5 4 Shipping clerk s -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------W h olesale trade ------------------------------------------ 504 2 .2 3 2 . ZT 2 .2 2 2 . 17 _ _ _ _ - - - - 621 672 42 7 — m ~ 85 81 2. 2. 2. 2. 11 16 05 03 - . - - _ - “ - “ " - $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 . 40 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 and 2 . 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 . SO 2 .6 0 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 . 00 over - - - - - - - - _ _ _ . - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 129 110 19 17 68 46 22 22 126 103 23 17 184 165 19 18 195 184 11 11 280 246 34 - Ill 111 - 94 94 - 1 1 - _ - - - - - - - - 3 76 288 88 50 10 5 239 176 63 7 23 32 282 2 70 12 5 1 771 738 33 23 8 - 347 340 7 6 1 211 136 75 72 - 47 44 3 - 2 2 - _ _ - 3 3 _ _ 1 1 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 56 19 1 - 66 66 - 47 47 - 74 74 - 45 45 - 1 1 - - 23 15 8 8 - 99 40 59 _ 46 322 £26 96 92 291 221 70 64 183 128 55 51 494 3 l6 178 46 763 609 154 10 119 776 519 257 15 101 12 12 4 20 6 14 8 51 30 21 12 54 4 50 45 94 25 69 66 151 79 72 54 229 135 ' 94 81 20 4 16 16 35 32 3 1 36 32 4 4 41 21 20 18 64 49 15 15 219 201 18 18 34 104 72 93 93 48 48 17 17 5 5 - 26 24 2 - 41 39 2 - 11 ------- T 13 “ - 10 10 4 4 ' $ 2 .0 0 - 26 - 1 .9 0 $ ' —5 — 8 8 r - - - - 1 1 - - - 408 1^75 218 13 300 55 245 124 4 826 8 818 626 83 212 194 18 - 335 172 163 39 159 92 67 31 157 88 69 69 134 103' 31 18 66 61 5 - 176 107 69 69 143 132 11 11 328 319 9 9 51 51 - 127 126 1 1 26 26 - - - - - - 45 45 - 3 3 12 12 7 7 31 26 5 4 18 14 4 4 65 22 43 40 88 60 28 28 57 54 3 2 109 92 17 15 67 55 12 11 10 1 22 46 46 - 102 84 18 18 120 90 30 30 31 2J~ - - - ' See footnotes at end of table. ! Transportation (excluding railroads), communicatipp, and other public utilities, f t Finance, insurance, and real estate. _ _ - 784 69 7 87 5 64 - NOTE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include information for department stores; the remainder of retail trade is appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. - TT~ 4 4 62 5 8 "" 4 4 - _ _ - _ _ “ - - - _ - - _ - - - - 11 11 - _ - 10 10 - - 20 17 3 3 - - - 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - 6 6 - 2 2 - 32 32 - 14 14 - - 2 2 “ 2 2 - - - - ■ “ - “ “ 25 25 - 1 1 - 5 3 2 - - - - - - 10 10 - 18 17 1 12 9 3 _ - - - - " “ - - 27 27 - 13 11 2 2 6 6 - 11 11 11 - 11 Table A-4: Custodial and Material Movement Occupations - Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in C leveland, Ohio, by industry division, June 1958) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation1 and industry division N ber um of w orkers Average h ourly earnings Shipping and receiving clerks — -----------------------Manufacturing ------------------ ^ -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- 241 122 119 $ 2 . 18 2 .2 $ 2 . 07 T ruckdrivers 4 ---------1 -------------------------------------------M an u factu rin g------ v------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -v----------------------------------------Public utilities $ ------------------------------------------W holesale trade ----------------------------------------- 3, 496 753 2, 743 1 ,0 8 2 630 T ru ck d rivers, light (under l 1/* t o n s )---------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------- $ $ Under 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 and $ under 1 .0 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 .6 0 _ . . - - - 2 .4 8 2. 43 2. 50 2. 57 2 .4 1 - - - - - - 2 73 56 217 2. 10 2 .2 $ 2. 05 _ - _ - _ - 1, 343 412 931 117 2 .4 9 2. 43 2. 52 2. 46 - 1 ,2 9 8 176 1, 122 459 432 2. 49 2. 51 2 .4 9 2. 58 2 .3 9 - - - - - - - - - - - 469 462 2. 66 2. 66 - - - - - - - - - T ru ck ers, power (forklift) --------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------- 1, 766 1 ,6 7 3 93 2 .2 7 2. 26 2. 38 _ “ _ - - _ - _ - ' - T ru ck ers, power (other than f o r k li f t ) -------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 381 363 2. 55 2 .5 5 _ Watchmen --------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------Finance f t ------------------------------------------------------ 696 457 239 125 1 .6 7 1. 77 1 .4 6 1 .4 2 6 6 6 T ru ck d rivers, medium (lV a to and including 4 tons) ------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------- T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------Public utilities $ -------------------------------------W holesale trade -----------------------------------T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) --------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------- 1 $ 1. 70 - 1. 70 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 0 2. 00 $ 2 .0 0 2. 10 $ 2 . 10 2 .2 0 - $ 2. 20 - $ 2 . 30 - $ 2 .4 0 - $ 2. 50 - $ 2. 60 - $ 2. 70 - $ 2. 80 - $ 2 .9 0 . 2 .3 0 2. 40 2 . 50 2. 60 2 . 70 2. 80 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 $ 3. 00 and over - 4 4 4 4 6 6 10 10 10 2 8 4 4 7 2 5 26 14 12 55 51 4 37 21 16 40 14 26 9 2 7 5 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 8 1 7 9 9 - 9 9 9 - _ - _ - 5 5 - 8 7 1 - - 238 67 171 26 33 739 254 485 • 109 166 1502 183 1319 935 271 183 52 131 8 328 17 311 53 4 2 2 - - 86 68 18 10 - 6 6 - - 210 21 189 _ 2 5 2 3 - - 113 13 100 2 84 56 56 - - 4 4 _ 4 - - - 9 9 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - “ - 8 2 6 192 3 189 15 15 - 17 17 - 14 4 10 10 10 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - 2 2 - - - 2 1 1 _ - - - 3 3 - 2 2 - - - - - 4 4 10 5 5 - 6 6 - 24 10 14 13 13 - 23 23 - 43 29 14 122 32 90 320 152 168 600 90 510 45 168 37 131 g 11 11 - - 4 4 - - - - - - 5 5 - 7 7 - 6 2 4 - 2 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - 774 80 694 442 216 3 3 - - 3 73 58 315 17 116 12 6 6 - - 20 20 20 13 13 - - 81 1 80 80 - - - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - 49 49 1 “ 108 108 1 - - - - 305 305 - - - . - 2 2 - 17 15 2 64 64 - 58 52 6 83 77 6 239 239 - 634 TTo 24 467 455 12 80 80 - 37 21 16 39 12 27 29 29 - 8 8 5 5 - 4 4 - 1 --------r 74 74 15 15 98 98 9 9 49 49 3 3 20 2 6 6 . - 4 4 96 96 23 71 58 13 " 11 11 - 21 12 9 ■ 3 3 - 15 15 - - - - - - " “ " . _ _ _ - - - - 20 20 7 12 7 5 3 55 4 51 14 49 ------?— 42 27 _ - - 50 2 2 . . - - 2 2 2 2 16 7 9 8 94 50 44 38 94 76 18 8 139 i2 $ 14 14 67 60 7 Data lim ited to men w ork ers, except where otherw ise indicated. z Excludes premium pay for overtim e, and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 68 at $ 0 . 70 to $ 0 .8 0 ; 4 at $ 0 .8 0 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 52 at $ 0 .9 0 to $ 1 . 4 Includes all d rivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. f Transportation (excluding railroad s), com m unication, and otner public u tilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. $ 1. 60 - tt 1 " “ “ ‘ 12 B: E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c tic e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W age P r o v is io n s Table B-1: Shift Differentials 1 Percent of manufacturing plant workers— U) In establishments having formal provisions for— Shift differential Second shift work Total _ _ _ . ___ _ .... _ ...... _ 95.5 With shift pay differential Uniform cents (per hour) _ . ....... . __ ........ .. 82. 8 Second shift 15.4 Third or other shift 4 .8 94. 1 82.2 15.2 4.7 58.9 49.4 10.4 4. 0 .8 .8 2. 1 .8 .8 * * 1. 6 5 cents _ _ _ . . . . 6 cents „_ __ ........... . 7 cents _ _ ....... 7 V2 cents ___________________________________________ 8 cents ______________________________________________ 8 V cents 4 9 c e n t s ____ _ _ _ _ 10 cents _ . _ 11 cents _____________________________________________ 12 cents 1_____________________ _____________________ 14 cents 15 cents ____________________________________________ Over 15 cents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15.4 2.4 2 .4 “ Uniform percentage ____________________________________ 32. 6 percent____________________________________________ 7 percent ____________________________________________ 7 72 percent ________________________________________ 1 percent ___________________________________________ 0 15 percent ___________________________________________ 19.3 1.7 - 5 Third or other shift work (b) Actually working on— 9. 9 9.7 5. 3 2. 5 5. 0 .2 6. 1 11. 6 - .2 1. 1 .7 .2 10 . 0 21. 1 .9 * 1. 8 1.6 1 .3 1.9 1. 0 .2 - 29.0 4.6 .6 2.7 - * 1 .9 .2 * - 3. 5 3 .3 7.2 _ .9 7.3 20. 1 . 1 .5 .1 * .4 - .7 Other 2 __________________________________________________ 2.7 3. 8 .2 * No shift differential _______________________________________ 1. 3 .6 .2 * 1 Shift differential data are presented in terms of (a) establishment policy, and (b) workers actually employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following condi tions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. 2 Mostly a combination of uniform cents differential and pay for more hours than worked. * Less than 0. 05 percent. Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1958 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 13 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1 Number of establishments with specified minimum hiring rate in— Manufacturing Minimum rate (weekly salary) Number of establishments with specified minimum hiring rate in— Nonmanufactur ing Manufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 2 of— All industries All schedules Establishments studied___________ 235 37 y2 40 All schedules 37 y, 40 109 XXX XXX 126 XXX XXX All schedules 235 37 y2 40 All schedules 37 ya 40 109 XXX XXX 126 XXX XXX 12 42 For Inexperienced Typists Establishments having a specified minimum 121 Under $40.00 ________________ $40.00 and under $42.50 ______ $42.50 and under $45.00 ______ $45.00 and under $47.50 $47.50 and under $50.00 ______ $50.00 and under $52.50 _ _ $52.50 and under $55.00 $55.00 and under $57.50 $57.50 and under $60.00 _ $60.00 and under $62.50 .... $62.50 and under $b5.00 $ 65.00 and under $67.50 $67.50 and under $70.00 $70.00 and under $72.50 $72.50 and under $75.00 __ $75.00 and over _ ... . 4 4 8 9 24 18 15 12 4 58 58 12 40 132 _ 1 4 1 7 11 8 _ _ 2 _ 2 - _ 1 4 1 7 8 8 4 _ 4 3 4 8 17 7 7 _ 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 _ . 3 2 1 5 12 5 2 9 9 13 9 19 17 13 12 15 1 6 6 8 2 7 2 3 3 2 5 1 5 _ _ 1 - _ .... 42 21 category ___________________________ 71 24 1 1 Establishments having no specified minimum ....... ... ... For Other Inexperienced Clerical Workers3 63 6 1 6 6 _ 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - XXX 21 XXX XXX 47 XXX XXX XXX 7 2 3 1 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours; 2 of— All industries _ _ 1 6 4 1 69 4 1 3 2 10 11 6 5 14 1 4 _ > _ _ _ 1 _ 2 1 _ _ _ - - - XXX 20 XXX XXX 43 XXX XXX XXX XXX ~ XXX XXX - - - - XXX 42 22 XXX XXX 60 17 XXX XXX XXX 1 4 5 6 _ 5 4 1 _ _ 5 1 3 2 5 8 10 7 9 6 7 7 1 5 - - _ 3 5 4 1 3 2 10 9 63 1 2 4 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 XXX 6 3 13 1 3 4 . _ 1 XXX 3 5 4 6 6 1 _ 1 XXX Establishments which did not employ workers in this Data not available 1 1 1 L ow est s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d fo r h irin g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s fo r typing o r other c le r i c a l jo b s . Standard h ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e their r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . Data a r e p re se n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b in ed , and fo r the m os t c o m m o n w ork w eek s rep orted . 3 R a tes a p p lica b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d . O ccu p ation a l W age Survey, C levelan d, O hio. June 1958 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA BO R B u reau of L a b or S ta tistics 14 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS *EMPLOYED IN— Weekly hours A ll 2 in u s d strie M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb . u lic u tilitie t s W o sa h le le tra e d PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— F a ce 11 in n A ll 3 in u ie d str s M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb u lic u tilitie t s W o sa h le le tra e d All workers ____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Under 32 hours ______ ________________________ 32 hours ________________________________________ Over 32 and under 3 5 hours ___________________ 35 hours_____________________ ________ __________ Over 35 and under 37 72 hours _________________ 37 72 hours___ __________________________________ Over 37 l/ z and under 40 hours _________________ 40 hours________________________________________ Over 40 and under 44 hours ___________________ 4 4 hours ______________ _______ ___________ ____ _ Over 44 and under 48 hours ___________________ 4 8 hours ______________ _______________________ Over 48 hours _________________________________ ** 2 ** 2 2 14 4 74 ** 1 ** 1 4 1 2 11 1 80 ** _ 1 2 97 “ _ 3 3 12 2 80 “ _ 8 ** 31 17 43 “ 1 9 2 1 5 1 73 2 2 1 2 1 2 12 3 1 6 ** 75 1 . 100 ■ _ 6 1 6 •87 1 " 1 Estimates for office workers are not 2 Includes data for retail trade (except 3 Includes data for retail trade (except ** Less than 0. 5 percent. ■ Transportation (excluding railroads), f f f Finance, insurance, and real estate. comparable with earlier studies. See Introduction, page 2. department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. communication, and other public utilities, Table B-4: Overtime Pay PE C N O O IC W R E S EM YED IN— R E T F FF E O K R PLO O v e rtim e p o licy A U in u s 1 d strie A l l w o r k e r s __________________________________________ M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb u lic u tilitie f s W o sa h le le tra e d P R E T O P N W R E S E PLO E C N F LA T O K R M YED IN — F a ce "f"f in n A ll in u ie * d str s M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb , u lic u tilitie | s W o sa h le le tra e d 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 58 58 ** 58 ** 70 70 ** 70 - 84 84 84 - 60 60 60 - 12 12 1 11 - 87 87 1 85 1 ** 97 97 1 95 1 - 99 99 99 - 63 61 61 2 42 30 16 40 88 13 3 1 37 97 97 100 100 1 99 96 96 96 95 5 99 6 100 100 5 100 98 2 99 99 - - 100 100 100 - 100 99 2 1 93 1 Daily overtime W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providing p r e m iu m p a y 3 ___________________ __________________ T im e and o n e - h a l f _______________________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r le s s than 8 h o u r s _________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r 8 hours _____________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r m o r e than 8 h o u rs _______ O th er _______________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providing no p r e m iu m pay or having no p o licy ____________ W e e k ly overtime W o r k e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts providing p r e m iu m pay 3 _____________________________________ T im e and o n e - h a l f _______________________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r l e s s than 4 0 h o u rs _______ E ffe c tiv e a fte r 4 0 h o u rs ___________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r m o r e than 40 h o u r s ______ O ther _______________________________________________ W o rk e rs in e sta b lish m e n ts providing no p re m iu m pay or having no p o licy ------------------ 1 Includes data for retail trade (except 2 Includes data for retail trade (except 3 Graduated provisions are classified time , and one-half after 8 hours. Similarly, 3 94 ** 3 ** 91 - 4 88 100 - 96 - 2 4 department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. ,, , to the first effective premium rate. For example, a plan calling for time and one-half after 8 and double time after 10 hours aday would beconsidered a plan calling for no pay or pay at regular rate after 37 7a and time and one-half after 40 hours would be constdered as time andone-half after 40 nours. ** Less than 0. 5 percent. . . , , m,KUr ■ Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. f ft Finance, insurance, and real estate. 1 Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1958 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics li> Table B-5: Wage Structure Characteristics and Labor-Management Agreements PE C N O O F E W R ER EM YED IN R E T F F IC O K S PLO — Item A ll . in u s 1 d strie M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb , u lic u tilitie J s W o sa h le le tra e d P R E T O P N W R E S E PLO E C N F LA T O K R M YED IN — F a ce j“f in n A ll 2 in u ie d str s Mn fa rin a u ctu g Pb . u lic u tilitie f s W o sa h le le tra e d W a g e structure for time-rated workers3 Formal rate structure Single rate _________________________________ Range of rates _____________________________ Individual rates _______________________________ 77 3 74 23 77 4 73 23 88 - 88 12 55 5 50 45 93 7 93 51 42 7 98 57 41 2 99 21 79 ** 88 51 37 12 76 24 13 10 1 - 93 70 30 17 13 - 100 95 5 90-94 90-94 Method of w a g e payment for plant workers Timeworkers Incentive workers Piecework Bonus work Commission _ _ .. ............... . .... DATA NOT COLLECTED - - - 2 2 - L abor-m anagem ent agreem ents4 Workers in establishments with agreements covering a majority of such workers 10-14 5-9 60-64 0-4 0-4 95+ 80-84 * Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Estimates for office workers are based on total office employees, whereas estimates for plant workers are based on time-rated employees only. Estimates relate to all workers (office or plant) employed in an establishment having a contract in effect covering a majority of the workers in their respective category. The estimates so ob tained are not necessarily representative of the extent to which all workers in the area maybe covered by provisions of labor-management agreements, due to the exclusion of smaller size establishments. **L ess than 0.5 percent. t Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities, f t Finance, insurance, and real estate. Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1958 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 16 Table B-6: Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE W ORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Item 2 Public utilities W holesale trade PERCENT O PLANT W F ORKERS EMPLOYED IN— P c ubU utilities" j" 100 100 100 100 98 99 100 98 2 1 4 _ 27 1 32 3 _ 16 1 43 1 _ 25 _ _ - - - - _ 65 3 5 2 1 - - - - 18 - 30 33 o4 25 - - - - - _ 1 2 1 1 9 - - - - - - - - _ _ M anufacturing _ 100 100 100 100 100 W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ _____________________________ W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays ______________________________ 99 99 100 100 100 ** 1 ** ** 31 2 28 ** ** 26 ** 1 6 1 1 ** 2 ** ** 15 1 45 19 - . 53 9 4 - - - - - ** 3 4 4 11 12 66 68 99 99 99 99 99 7 8 83 84 99 99 99 99 99 14 14 81 81 100 100 100 100 100 15 15 37 47 100 100 100 100 100 99 14 99 99 99 3 99 99 99 5 99 99 99 ** 99 99 100 80 100 100 100 100 17 100 100 100 __________________________ W holesale trade M anufacturing A U industries A A ll w orkers A U industries Finance Tt 2 N um ber *of d a y s _________________ _ __ L ess than 5 holidays 5 holidays _____________________ ____ _______ ____ 6 holidays _ ____ _ _ _ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y ______________________ 6 holidays plus ? half days 6 holidays plus 3 half days 6 holidays plus 5 half days ______________________________ 7 holidays _____________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y ______________________ 7 holidays plus 2 half days . 8 holidays 8 holidays plus 2 half days _ 8 holidays plus 4 half days ______________________________ 9 holidays ________________________________________________________ 10 holidays 12 holidays 31 1 2 5 _ - 67 - - - 14 15 - - - - - - - - - 2 4 5 1 11 1 _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ - 23 _ - ! Total h o lid a y t im e 4 12 days 10 or m ore days 9 or m ore days 8 l!z or m ore days ____________________________ 8 or m ore days ______________________________ 71 or m ore days /?. 7 or m ore days ________________________________ 6V or m ore days a 6 or m ore days 5 or m ore days 4 or m ore days _____________________________________________ _ 3 or m ore days ______________________________ 1 or m ore days _ _ 42 5 2 _ j - - 1 17 22 24 26 27 32 35 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - 4 4 66 67 93 93 96 96 98 3 3 79 80 96 96 99 99 99 9 9 73 73 99 99 99 99 100 23 23 51 56 98 98 98 98 98 100 15 100 100 100 18 100 100 95 7 96 94 95 1 96 96 98 1 98 96 98 ** 99 96 99 73 99 100 99 98 29 98 98 98 _ _ H o lid a y s 5 New Y ea r's Day Washington's Birthday Decoration Day ________________________________ July 4th ____________________________________________________________ Labor D a y _______ _____________ ________________ V eteran's D a y __________________________________ Thanksgiving Day ______ ______________________ Christmas v __ _______ - 100 100 See footnotes at ehd of table. t Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. t+ Finance, insurance, and real estate. - 100 100 - 99 99 Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1958 U„S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics - 98 98 17 Table B-6: Paid Holidays1 - Continued P E R C E N T O F O F F IC E W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — Item Holidays * - A ll 2 industries M anufacturing Public utilities "j- Wholesale trade 20 10 6 47 46 14 12 3 7 14 4 P E R C E N T O F P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D IN — Finance AU . industries M anufacturing PubUc . utilities "f Wholesale trade Continued Good Friday ________________________________________________ Christmas Eve _________________________________________ Election D ay ________________________________________________ Columbus D ay______________________________ — Half day Christmas Eve ____________________ ______ Half day New Year’ s E v e ____________________________ Half day Good Friday ___________________________________ 15 6 5 3 32 28 2 - 5 6 16 17 - 14 5 3 34 34 16 7 4 45 45 9 - 23 5 9 2 16 1 Estimates relate to holidays provided annually. 2 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores), real estate, and servicesin addition to those industry divisions shown separately 4 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days. 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 5 Only the holidays or half-day holidays provided to at least 2 percent of the office or plant workers in the area are shown in this tabulation. A few other holidays or half-holidays were provided. ** Less than 0 .5 percent. t Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities, tt Finance, insurance, and real estate. 18 Table B-7: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE W ORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Vacation policy A ll industries 1 Public utilities f W holesale trade 100 100 100 100 99 99 ** ** A ll w orkers ___________________________________ M anufacturing 100 99 ** 1 99 99 - 100 100 - PERCENT O PLANT W F ORKERS EM PLOYED IN— A ll , industries M anufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 - 99 92 5 3 Finance -"J' j Public utilities j . W holesale trade 100 100 100 90 6 4 100 100 - 94 94 - ** “ “ 6 M ethod of paymont W orkers in establishm ents providing Percentage payment _______________________ W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacations _______________________________ ** - ** 6 52 13 ** 5 67 11 _ 21 12 14 1 84 ** ** Amount of vocation p a y 3 A fter 6 months of service L ess than 1 week _____________________________ 1 u/pplf Over 1 and under 2 weeks _____________________ 3 wppIcs ............ 4 1 _ 56 5 - 26 35 - 23 9 1 - 27 7 1 - 20 15 - 7 11 10 - 6 2 92 ** 44 ** 54 1 24 _ 74 2 - 8 1 91 - 83 4 12 ** 1 87 5 7 1 56 3 41 ~ - 37 5 ** 94 3 1 96 3 _ 96 1 ** 1 13 85 2 - 5 95 - 60 15 23 ** 1 69 18 12 1 23 77 “ - 27 6 55 6 - 2 ** 95 2 1 2 1 94 _ 98 2 - 100 - 24 39 1 1 28 50 20 1 1 1 99 - 11 9 67 6 ** . _ 99 _ 1 _ 94 5 1 _ 98 2 97 2 2 96 1 3 1 92 4 3 1 93 5 2 100 3 84 “ 1 A fter 1 year of service 1 wppI c . ............. Dvpr 1 and unHpr 7. wseka . .. . 2 w e e k s ____________________________ ___________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________________ 3 wftplca . . .... 51 6 | After 2 years of service 1 week ________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ?. weeks ___ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____________________ 3 weeks After 3 years of service 1 week Over 1 a nrl under ?. weeks 7 weeks , ..... . Over 7. and under 3 weeks 3 weeks __ __ _ .... __ __ _ ^ 3 36 " After 5 years of service 1 week 2 weeks ________________________________________ Over 2 and nnder 3 weeks 3 weeks ___________________ ** 94 4 2 See footnotes at end of table. f Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities f f Finance, insurance, and real estate. NOTE: 6 Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 195S U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "lengtn of tim e," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. 19 Table B-7: Paid Vacations - Continued P R E T O O IC W R ER EM YED IN— E C N F FF E O K S PLO Vacation policy A U in u ie * d str s Mn fa rin a u ctu g Pb c uU u tilitie y s _ 64 1 35 1 46 35 18 1 42 45 12 90 10 3 37 14 39 _ 24 76 ■ _ 2 98 ■ 1 12 84 2 ** 1 8 88 3 1 100 “ 3 10 81 " _ 6 94 - _ 19 72 9 _ 2 87 11 1 12 76 3 8 1 8 84 4 4 78 22 3 8 56 27 _ 6 61 33 “ 19 63 3 15 “ _ 2 68 30 " 1 9 64 10 15 1 5 71 13 10 1 49 51 3 8 51 31 M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb u lic u tilitie J s W o le h lesa tra e d 54 17 29 _ 46 27 27 _ 84 16 _ 59 9 32 _ 9 90 1 _ 6 93 1 . 6 94 - _ 8 84 8 _ 6 87 7 _ 8 68 5 19 ** _ 5 73 7 14 1 U in A s 1 d strie i u P R E T O P N W R E S EM LO D IN E C N F LA T O K R P YE — F a ce "ft in n W o le h lesa tra e d Amount of vacation p a y 3- Continued After 10 years of service 1 week ________________________________________ 2 weeks _______________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ____________________ 3 w eeks_______ _______________________________ After 15 years of service 1 week _______________________________________ 2 weeks _______________________________________ 3 weeks _______________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____________________ 4 weeks After 20 years of service 1 week _________________________________________ 2 weeks _____________________________________ * 3 weeks _______________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____________________ 4 weeks _______________________________________ After 25 years of service 1 week _________________________________________ 2 weeks _____________________________________ 3 weeks _____________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____________________ 4 weeks ____________________________________ Over 4 weeks _________________________________ 1 1 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years* service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. ** Less than 0. 5 percent. ■ Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. f Finance, insurance, and real estate. 20 Table B-8: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PE C N O O F E W R ER EM YED IN— R E T F F IC O K S PLO Type of plan All workers __________________________________ A ll . in u s 1 d strie 100 P R E TO P E C N F LAN W R ER EM YED IN T OK S PLO — M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb . u lic u tilitie t s W o le h lesa tra e d F a ce‘ft in n 100 100 100 100 A ll , in u ie d str s M n fa rin a u ctu g Pb ^ u lic u tilitie f s 100 100 100 W o sa h le le tra e d 100 Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance Accidental death and dismemberment insurance ______________________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) ______________________ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) Hospitalization insurance Surgical insurance ________________________ Medical insurance Catastrophe insurance Retirement pension ______________________ No health, insurance, or pension plan ___ 95 98 99 89 95 97 98 100 91 49 48 55 43 58 55 55 63 41 70 48 81 63 97 19 60 47 24 8 88 81 88 87 100 31 79 47 44 55 46 28 19 6 1 41 35 6 78 74 38 20 79 3 3 88 89 46 22 82 2 47 38 38 29 24 90 3 59 59 35 25 65 7 81 55 21 11 84 ** 3 80 81 43 9 69 1 1 84 87 49 9 75 1 37 51 51 33 6 100 7 66 67 31 37 61 9 1 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Includes data for retail trade (except department stores), real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the mini mum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. ** Less than 0.5 percent. f Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities, f t Finance, insurance, and real estate. Occupational Wage Survey, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1958 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 21 Appendix: Job Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau^ wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau1s job descriptions may differ signifi cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureaufs field representatives are instructed to exclude work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O ffic e BILLER, MACHINE Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work in cidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Biller, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from custpmersf purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping.* Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. 22 CLERK, FILE Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B - Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating ma terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers1 orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing tne items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). COMPTOMETER OPERATOR STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted material. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give infor mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator receptionist. 23 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continued SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST tion type This time In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’s while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Clast A - Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni formity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools .as required. May pre pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or pre liminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B - Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e tc .; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. and Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc. , to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. 24 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees1 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel, Maintenance TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering. and Powerplant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenterfs handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, mo tor s , turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consump tion, May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning work ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding ma terials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding materials and tools} and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. 25 MACHINE-TOOL, OPERATOR, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment, to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance’ mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instruc tions and specifications; planning ana laying out of work; using a va riety of machinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relat ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed re ducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in dis assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required For different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. 26 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fol lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe re quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers rimarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or eating systems are excluded. and laying out ail types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blue prints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating ail available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning Custodial and (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity~~oT employees and other persons entering. fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifi cations; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. 27 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, ware houses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail estab lishments and custom ers1 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity. ) PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is re sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, prac tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1V2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (lVa to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type! Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. i U . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1958 O -477622 O c c u p a t i o n a l Wage S u rv e y s Occupational wage surveys were conducted in 19 major labor markets during late 1957 and early 1958. These bulletins, numbered 1224-1 through 1224-19# are available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents* U. S. Government Printing office, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of the regional offices shown below. A summary bulletin (1224-20) containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis will be issued early in 1959. In addition to this bulletin, we have listed below the others in this series. Seattle, Wash., August 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-1, price 20 cents Boston, Mass., September 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-2, price 25 cents Baltimore, Md., August 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-3, price 25 cents Dallas, Tex., October 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-4, price 20 cents St. Louis, Mo., November 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-5, price 25 cents Philadelphia, Pa., October 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224^6, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., December 1957 — BLS Bull. 1224-7 , price 25 cents San Francisco-Oakland, Calif., January 1958 — BLS Bull, 1224-8, price 25 cents Memphis, Tenn., January 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-9, price 25 cents Minneapolis-5t. Paul, Minn., January 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-10, price 25 cents New Orleans, La., February 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-11, price 20 cents Newark-Jersey City, N. J., December 1957 - BLS Bull. 1224-12, price 25 cents Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif., March 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-13# price 25 cents Chicago, 111., April 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-14, price 25 cents New York, N. Y., April 1958 - BLS Bull. 1224-15, price 25 cents Portland, Oreg., April 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-16, price 25 cents Atlanta, Ga., May 1958 — BLS Bull. 1224-17, price 25 cents Milwaukee, Wis., May 1958 - BLS Bull. 1224-18, price 25 cents
