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Occupational Wage Survey

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
APRIL 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-66




UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague, Commissioner




Occupational Wage Survey




CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
APRIL 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-66
July 1961

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague, Commissioner
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

Price 25 cents




Preface

Contents
P age

The Community Wage Survey Program

In trod u ction ___________________________________________________________—
W age tre n d s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s ______________________

The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts
areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial
centers.
The studies, made from late fall to early spring,
relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary
benefits.
A prelim inary report is available on completion
of the study in each area, usually in the month following
the payroll period studied.
This bulletin provides addi­
tional data not included in the earlier report.
A consoli­
dated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of
the year*s surveys is issued after completion of the final
area bulletin for the current round of surveys.

T a b le s :
1.
2.

A.

B.
This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional
office in Chicago, 111. , by Woodrow C. Linn, under the
direction of George E. Votava, Assistant Regional Director
for Wages and Industrial Relations.




E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u rv e y ____,---In dexes o f stan dard w eek ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e
h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p s,
and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s __ ________ _
O ccu p a tion a l ea rn in g s: *
A - 1.
O ffice o c cu p a tio n s ______________________________________
A - 2.
P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s -----------------A - 3.
M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c cu p a tio n s ____________
A -4 .
C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s _____
E sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age
p r o v is io n s :
B -l.
Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ______________________________________
B -2 . M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w om en o ffic e
w o r k e r s ________________________________________________
B -3 .
S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs _______________________________
B -4 .
P a id h olid a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------B -5 .
P a id v a c a tio n s __________________________________________
B -6 .
H ealth, in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n plans _____________

A ppendix:

O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s __________________________ ;____—

* NOTE: Similar tabulations are available in the Chicago
area reports for April 1951, March 1952, 1953, and 1954,
and April of each year since 1955.
Most of the reports
also include data on these or related establishment prac­
tices and supplementary wage provisions.
A directory in­
dicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well
as reports for other m ajor areas is available upon request.
Current reports on occupational earnings and
supplementary wage practices in the Chicago area are also
available for fluid milk (June I960), hotels (April I960),
power laundries and dry cleaners (June I960), banking
(Jun$ I960), nonferrous foundries (May I960), hospitals
(July I960), women’ s and m isses* d resses (August I960),
and candy and other confectionery products (December
I960).
Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay lev els,
are available for the following trades or industries: Build­
ing construction, printing, local-tran sit operating em ploy­
ees, and motortruck drivers and helpers.

iii

1
4

3

3
5
10
H
13

16
17
18
19
20
22
23




Occupational W age Survey-—Chicago, III.
Introduction

This area is one of several important industrial centers in
which the U. S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has
conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits
on an areawide b a sis. In this area, data were obtained by personal
visits of Bureau field economists 1 to representative establishments
within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation,2
communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ices. Major in­
dustry groups excluded from these studies are government operations
and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having
fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because
they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to w ar­
rant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided
for each of the broad industry divisions.
These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the
unnecessary cost involved in surveying ail establishm ents. To obtain
appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large
than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how­
ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates
based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e ­
lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex­
cept for those below the minimum size studied.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for
fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched­
ule in the given occupational classification.
Earnings data exclude
premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and
late shifts.
Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included.
Where weekly
hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is
to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which
straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these
occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.
Average earnings of men and women are presented separately
for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed.
Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are
largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among
industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties p er­
form ed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within
the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of se r v ­
ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this b a sis.
Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay
when both sexes are employed within the same rate range.
Job
descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu­
ally m ore generalized than those used in individual establishments to
allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties
perform ed.

Occupations and Earnings
The occupations selected for study are common to a variety
of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s­
sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to
take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same
job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. ) Earnings data are
presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types of occupa­
tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) m ainte­
nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement.

Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in all
establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu­
ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among
establishm ents, the estim ates of occupational employment obtained
from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the
relative importance of the jobs studied.
These differences in occu­
pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn­
ings data.
Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

1 Data were obtained by m ail from some of the sm aller e s ­
tablishments fo r which visits by Bureau field economists in the last
previous survey indicated employment in relatively few of the occu­
pations studied.
Unusual changes reported by m ail were verified
with em ployers.
2 Railroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these studies,
were included in ail of the areas studied since July 1959, except B alti­
m ore (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October 1959),
Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959).




Information is presented also (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on s e ­
lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they r e ­
late to office and plant w orkers.
The term "o ffice w o r k e r s ," as used
in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory
workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin­
istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "P lan t w o rk ers" in­
clude working forem en and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions.
Adm inistrative,

2
e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n
e m p lo y e e s w ho a r e u tiliz e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x clu d e d .
C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and ro u te m e n a r e e x clu d e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s­
t r ie s , but a r e in clu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s .
Shift d iffe r e n t ia l data (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa ctu rin g
in d u s tr ie s .
T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d b oth in te r m s o f (a) e s t a b ­
lis h m e n t p o lic y , 3 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y ­
m en t, and (b ) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s
a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift a t the tim e o f the su r v e y .
In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ou n t ap p lyin g to
a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o am ou n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s ­
s ific a t io n " o t h e r " w a s u se d .
In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich so m e la t e sh ift h o u r s a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d iffe r e n t ia l w a s r e c o r d e d on ly
if it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the s h ift h o u r s .
M in im u m e n tr a n ce r a te s (ta b le B -2 ) r e la t e on ly to the e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts v is it e d .
T h ey a r e p r e s e n te d on an e sta b lis h m e n t, ra th e r
than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is .
P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and
h ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p e n s io n p la n s a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the
b a s is that th e se a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll pla n t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a ­
jo r i t y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify f o r the
p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch ed u led h o u r s a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is
that th e se a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m ajoritya r e c o v e r e d . 4 B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, stuns o f in div id u al ite m s in th ese
ta bu la tion s m a y n ot equ al to ta ls .
The f i r s t p a r t o f the p a id h o lid a y s ta ble p r e s e n ts the n u m ­
b e r o f w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s a ctu a lly p r o v id e d .
The s e c o n d p a rt
c o m b in e s w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh ow tota l h olid a y tim e .

Data a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll health, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n
p la n s f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r ,
ex ce p tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts su ch a s w o r k m e n 's c om p en sa tion ,
s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t.
Such p la n s in clu d e th ose
u n d erw ritten b y a c o m m e r c i a l in su r a n ce com p a n y and th ose p r o v id e d
th rough a u nion fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r re n t
o p e ra tin g fu nds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e .
Death
b e n e fit s a r e in clu d ed a s a fo r m o f life in su r a n ce .

S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce is lim ite d to that type o f in ­
s u r a n ce under w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a sh p a ym en ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly
to the in su r e d on a w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s is du ring illn e s s o r a c c id e n t
d is a b ility .
In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d fo r a ll su ch pla n s to w h ich the
e m p lo y e r c o n trib u te s.
H o w e v e r, in N ew Y ork and New J e r s e y , w hich
h ave en a cted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n ce la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m ­
p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s, 5 p la n s a r e in clu d ed on ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n ­
tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e
w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the law . T abu lation s
o f p a id s i c k -le a v e p la n s a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 4 w h ich p r o v id e
fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r 's p a y d u rin g a b s e n c e fr o m w ork
b e c a u s e o f illn e s s .
S ep arate ta b u la tion s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to
(1) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and n o w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) p la n s
p r o v id in g e ith e r p a r t ia l pa y o r a w aitin g p e r io d .
In a d d ition to the
p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s
and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n du plica ted tota l is
show n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e iv e e it h e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e fits .

The s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e ­
m e n ts , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith pay is g ra n ted
at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r .
S ep a ra te e s t im a te s a r e p r o v id e d
a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts, su ch
a s tim e p a y m en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts.
H o w e v e r, in the ta bu la tion s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m en ts n ot on
a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; .for ex a m p le, a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f
annual e a rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s the eq u iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 's pay.

C a ta strop h e in s u r a n ce , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to a s exten ded
m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d e s th ose p la n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t
e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in volvin g e x p e n s e s bey on d
the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s.
M e d ic a l in su r a n ce r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l
p a ym en t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s . Such p la n s m a y b e u n d erw ritten b y c o m m e r ­
c ia l in s u r a n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r they m a y b e
s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim ite d to
th o se p la n s that p r o v id e m on th ly p a y m en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the
w o r k e r 's life .

3
A n e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d a s h a vin g a p o lic y if it m e t
e ith er o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s : (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e
of the s u rv e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts.
4
Sch edu led w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o ff ic e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c tio n o f
ta b le B -3 ) in su r v e y s m a d e p r io r to July 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in
t e r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s
w ith the in d ica te d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s .

5
The te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R hode Islan d
d o n ot r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s.
4
A n e sta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s having a fo r m a l plan i f
it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m ber o f da ys o f s ic k le a v e that
c o u ld b e e x p e cte d b y ea ch e m p lo y e e . Such a p la n n eed n ot b e w ritten ,
but in fo r m a l s i c k -le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u al b a s is ,
w e r e e x clu d ed .




3

T ab le 1.

E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s within scope of su rve y and num ber studied in C h icago, 111. , 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv isio n , 2 A p r il 1961
N um ber o f e sta b lish m e n ts

M in im u m
em ploym en t
in e s t a b lis h ­
m en ts in scope
of study

Industry d iv isio n

W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts
W ithin scope of study

Within
scope of
study 3

Studied

Studied

O ffice

T otal 4

Plant

T o t a l4

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_

3, 115

466

1, 07 5 , 600

2 5 2 ,7 0 0

6 1 9 ,9 0 0

5 2 8 ,2 2 0

M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing _______________________________________________
T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other
public u tilitie s 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------W h o le sa le tra de _________________________________________ ._____
R e ta il trade -----------------------------------------------------------------------------F in an ce, in su ra n ce , and r e a l estate _____________________
S e r v i c e s 7 ______________________________________________________

100

1, 307
1 ,8 0 8

180
286

5 5 6 ,1 0 0
5 1 9 ,5 0 0

91 , 000
1 6 1 ,7 0 0

3 7 9 ,2 0 0
24 0, 700

2 3 6 ,4 7 0
2 9 1 ,7 5 0

100
50
100
50
50

170
57 2
193
372
501

49
62
48
50
77

1 3 8 ,9 0 0
8 3 ,2 0 0
132, 300
86, 700
7 8 , 400

34, 900
2 9 ,6 0 0
26, 700
55, 800
14, 700

6 6 ,1 0 0
3 6 ,3 0 0
9 1 ,0 0 0
6 7, 100
4 0 ,2 0 0

1 0 6 ,3 4 0
20, 480
99 , 140
38, 720
27, 070

A ll d iv isio n s

1 The C hicago A r e a (C ook C ounty).
The "w o r k e r s within scope of stu d y " e stim a te s shown in this table p rovide a rea so n a b ly a ccu rate d esc rip tio n of the siz e and com p o sitio n
fo r c e included in the su rv e y .
The e stim a te s are not intended, h ow ever, to se r v e as a b a sis of c o m p a r iso n with other area em ploym en t in dexes to m e a s u r e em p loym en t trend s or
(1) planning of wage su rv e y s r eq u ires the use of esta b lish m en t data c om p iled c o n sid era b ly in advance of the p a y ro ll p eriod studied, and (2) sm a ll e sta b lish m e n ts are exclu ded fr o m
the su rv e y .
2 The 1957 r e v ise d edition of the Standard In dustrial C la s s ific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la ssify in g esta b lish m en ts by in du stry d iv isio n .
M a jo r changes fr o m the e a r lie r edition
B u r e a u 's lab or m a rk et w age su rv e y s conducted p rior to July 1958) are the tra n sfe r of m ilk p a ste u riza tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d con crete e sta b lish m e n ts fr o m trade (w h olesale
m an ufacturin g, and the t ra n sfe r of radio and te le v isio n b r oad castin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s d iv isio n .
3 Includes a ll e sta b lish m en ts with total em ploym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n .
A ll ou tlets (within the area) of com p an ies in such in d u strie s as tra d e , fin a n ce,
s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th e a te rs a r e co n sid ere d as 1 esta b lish m e n t.
4 Includes ex ec u tiv e, p r o fe s s io n a l, and other w o rk ers exclu ded fr o m the sep arate offic e and plant c a te g o r ie s .
5 T axic ab s and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w ater tra n sp ortation w ere ex clu d ed .
C h ic a g o 's tratisit sy s te m is m u n ic ip ally op erated and is excluded by defin ition fr o m the scope of
6 E stim a te r e la te s to r e a l estate esta b lish m en ts only.
7 H otels; p erso n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin ess s e r v ic e s ; autom obile rep a ir sh ops; m otion p ictu r e s; nonprofit m e m b e r sh ip org a n iza tio n s; and en gin eerin g and a rc h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s .

T ab le 2.

of the lab or
le v e ls since
the scope of
(used in the
or retail) to
auto

the

rep air

stu d ies.

Indexes of standard w eekly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn ings for se le c te d occu p ation al groups in C h ic a g o , 111. ,
A p r il 1961 and A p r il I9 6 0 , and p ercen ts of in c r e a se fo r se le c te d p eriod s
Indexes
(M a r c h 1953=100)

P erc en t in c r e a s e s fr o m —

Industry and occu pation al group
A p r il 1961

A p r il I9 6 0

A p r il I9 6 0
to
A p r il 1961

A p r il 1959
to
A p r il I9 6 0

A p r il 1958
to
A p r il 1959

A p r il 1957
to
A p r il 1958

A p r il 1956
to
A p r il 1957

A p r il 1955
to
A p r il 1956

M a rc h 1954
to
A p r il 1955

M a rc h 1953
to
M a rc h 1954

A ll in d u strie s:
O ffic e c le r ic a l (women) _____________
In d u strial n u r se s (w omen) ------------S killed m ain tenan ce (m en) -------------U n sk illed plant (men) --------- -------------

137.
144.
142.
139.

1
1
3
0

13 3.
139.
13 7.
133.

6
7
4
8

2.
3.
3.
3.

6
1
6
9

2.
3.
2.
2.

9
3
8
5

3.
3.
4.
4.

0
4
7
6

4.
6.
5.
4.

7
6
3
9

5.
5.
5.
4.

4
0
0
0

4.
6.
5.
4.

3
0
1
6

3.
4.
3.
3.

6
2
3
5

5. 8
5 .9
6. 3
5. 7

M anufacturing:
O ffice c le r ic a l (women) _____________
In d ustrial n u r se s (w om en) -------------S killed m ain tenan ce (m en) -------------U n sk illed plant (m en) ------------------------

13 8. 5
14 4. 8
1 4 1 .9
13 7. 1

13 4.
140.
13 7.
13 3.

4
4
6
2

3.
3.
3.
2.

1
1
1
9

2.
3.
2.
3.

6
8
7
0

3.
3.
4.
3.

0
4
6
8

5.
6.
5.
5.

5
6
3
1

5.
5.
5.
4.

4
0
5
9

4.
6.
5.
5.

2
0
8
0

3.
4.
3.
2.

4
2
1
7

6.
5.
5.
4.




2
9
8
8

4

Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

P r e s e n te d in ta b le 2 a r e in d e x e s o f s a la r ie s o f o ffic e c l e r i c a l
w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f s e le c t e d
plant w o r k e r g r o u p s .
In a r e a s w h ich w e r e not su r v e y e d d u rin g the
f i s c a l 1953 b a s e y e a r (J u ly 1952 to June 1953) th is ta b le is lim ite d
to p e r c e n ts o f change b e tw e e n s e le c t e d p e r io d s .
F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the in d e x e s
r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h o u r s o f w o rk , that is ,
the stan dard w o rk sch e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e pa id.
F o r pla n t w o r k e r g ro u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n g es in s tr a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly
e a r n in g s, e x clu d in g p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k ­
en ds, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts.
The in d e x e s a r e b a s e d on. data fo r
s e le c t e d k ey o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t
jo b s w ith in e a ch g rou p . The o ffic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w om en in
the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file ,
c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ;
o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a ­
t o r s ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a ­
t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A
and B .
The in d u str ia l n u r s e data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u str ia l
n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten a n ce jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d
jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the pla n t w o r k e r data: Skilled-— c a r p e n t e r s ;
e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e ; m i l l ­
w rig h ts ; p a in te r s ; p ip e fit t e r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and t o o l and d ie
m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a ­
t e r ia l h andling; and w atch m en .
A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e
com p u ted f o r e a ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s .
The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s
o r h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and
1954 e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b . T h e se w eig h ted e a rn in g s f o r in d iv id u a l
o c cu p a tio n s w e r e then to ta le d to obtain an a g g re g a te f o r e a c h o c c u p a ­
tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the r a t io o f th e s e g ro u p a g g r e g a te s f o r a g iv en
y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r the b a s e p e r io d (s u r v e y m on th , w in te r 1952—53)
w a s com p u te d «and the r e s u lt m u ltip lie d b y the b a s e y e a r in d e x (10 0) to
g e t the in d e x f o r the g iv e n y e a r .




S im ila r p r o c e d u r e s w e r e fo llo w e d in c o m p ilin g ' ‘p e r c e n ts o f
ch a n g e " in a r £ a s n ot s u r v e y e d d u rin g 1953.

A d ju stm en ts h ave b e e n m a de w h ere n e c e s s a r y to m a in tain
c o m p a r a b ility s o that the y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s a r e b a se d on the
sa m e in d u stry and o ccu p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e .
F o r e x a m p le, r a ilr o a d s
h ave b e e n in clu d ed in the c o v e r a g e o f the su r v e y s on ly s in c e Ju ly 1959.
In com pu tin g the in d e x e s fo r the f i r s t y e a r in w h ich r a ilr o a d s w e r e
in clu d ed , data r e la tin g to r a ilr o a d s w e r e e x clu d ed . In dexes fo r s u b s e ­
quent y e a r s in clu d e data f o r r a ilr o a d s .

The in d e x e s m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l
s a la r y and w ag e ch a n g e s; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d
b y in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the
la b o r f o r c e su ch a s la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e e x p a n sion s, f o r c e r e d u c ­
tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s ta b ­
lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls .
C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can
c a u s e in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout
a ctu a l w a g e ch a n g es. F o r ex a m p le, a f o r c e ex p a n sion m ig h t in c r e a s e
the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tio n and r e ­
su lt in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a re d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n
o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ou ld h ave the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m ov e m e n t
o f a h ig h -p a y in g esta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a co u ld c a u se the a v e ra g e
ea rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though n o change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er
a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts.
The u s e o f con sta n t e m p loy m en t w eig h ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s
o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in ­
clu d ed in the data.
N or a r e the in d e x e s in flu en ced b y ch a n g es in
stan dard w o r k sc h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they
a r e b a s e d on p a y f o r s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r s .
In d exes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I9 60 f o r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r
la b o r m a rk e ts w ill ap p ea r in B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W a ges and R ela ted
B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a rk e ts, W in ter 1959—60.

A* Occupational Earnings

5

Table A -l. O ffice Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, C hicago, HI. , A p ril 1961)
AveiIAQE
S ex,

o c c u p a t io n ,

an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n

Number
at
workers

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

$
Weekly
Weekly
U n d e r 5 0 . 0 0 $5 5 . 0 0 *60. 00 *65. 0 0 *70. 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 *80. 0 0 *85. 0 0 *90. 0 0 * 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 * 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 *1 3 0 .0 0 * 1 3 5 .0 0 * 4 0 . 0 0 * 4 5 . 0 0 ^ 5 0 .0 0
hours 1 earnings1
(Standard) (Standard) $
■
■
and
under
50 . 00
■ i l j m 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 o v e r

M en
I
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A --------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------- ------------------------ *
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ---------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ------ -------------------------F i n a n c e 3 -------------------------------------------------

2 .4 8 9
1, 0 7 6
1 ,4 1 3
324
506
319

3 9 .0
3 9 .0
38. 5
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
3 7 .0

$ 1 0 7 .5 0
1 1 1 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
1 1 1 .5 0
1 0 8 .0 0
1 0 2 .0 0

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ------- — —
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------ — --------- —
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------- --------------- —
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ---------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________
F i n a n c e 3 _______________________________

1. 5 9 4
464
1, 1 3 0
432
361
239

3 9 .0
38. 5
39. 5
40. 0
40. 0
3 8 .0

8 7 .5 0
8 8 .5 0
8 7 .0 0
9 6 .0 0
8 2 .0 0
7 9 .5 0

_

_

-

-

-

-

3
3
3

42
10
32
16
11

204
165
111

39. 0
39. 0
3 9 .5

7 4 .5 0
7 6 .0 0
8 0 .5 0

_

5
5
5
5

1 0 5 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0
1 0 5 .0 0
1 0 6 .5 0

526
362
164

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
39. 5

9 7 .0 0
9 6 .5 0
9 9 .0 0

O f f i c e b o y s ____________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________ ________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e --------------------- — —
R e t a i l t r a d e ------------------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 ------------------------------------------------S e r v i c e s ------------------------------------ ----------

1. 7 4 4
502
1, 2 4 2
166
123
110
599
244

3 8 .0
38. 5
38. 0
39. 5
38. 0
3 9 .5
37. 0
37. 5

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s A __________________ __________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------- ---------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________
F i n a n c e 3 ______________ _________ —

917
424
493
125
1 68

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s B _______________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ---------------------------------W h o le s a le tra d e
R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________
F in a n c e 3 ------------------------------ ---------

1. 3 9 0
464
926
1 53
151
108
437

C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B _______________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________
C l e r k s , o r d e r -------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------ —
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------- .-------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ----------------------------------C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ __________

2, 228
602
1, 6 2 6
1, 3 3 5

39.
39.
39.
39.

18
6
12
1
9

21
2
19
4
11

109
42
67
3
16
9

178
45
1 33
10
57
43

222
50
172
6
56
51

230
82
148
21
23
35

295
129
166
37
73
33

380
193
1 87
58
71
48

259
12 7
132
105
14
8

175
93
82
22
39
13

98
16
82
1
16
44

160
18
142
5
90
35

1 76
72
104
16
48
26

194
64
130
16
62
40

146
57
89
43
24
15

237
73
164
93
32
33

260
64
196
107
55
28

168
30
138
112
7
4

64
34
30
24
6

25
11
14
12
2

8
4
4
1
3

-

-

-

38
29
25

38
23
4

33
31
16

19
15
11

7
5
5

22
20
19

15
15
15

5
5
5

6
6
6

1
1
1

4
4
4

_
-

-

-

1
1
1

8
8
5

46
19
27
11

57
57
42

132
24
108
90

162
59
103
84

272
36
236
162

250
85
165
1 47

305
97
208
156

1 73
34
1 39
135

218
81
137
106

175
58
117
100

121
23
98
76

6
2
4

1
1

57
54
3

10
8
2

56
41
15

45
42
3

33
11
22

52
30
22

102
63
39

46
24
22

30
18
12

40
32
8

34
31
3

6
4
2

2
2

5
2
3

38
7
31
29

10
3
7
3
4

3
2
1
1

1
_
1
1
_
-

_

_
_
-

_
_
_

_
_

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

.
_
_
_
_
_

5
-

11
11

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

1
1

6 3 .5 0
6 4 .0 0
6 3 .5 0
7 3 .5 0
6 4 .5 0
6 6 .5 0
6 2 .0 0
5 8 .5 0

80
7
73
-

416
117
299
32
36
7
162
62

339
110
229
18
23
29
97
62

269
94
175
15
24
28
98
10

1 58
59
99
21
8
21
37
12

162
34
1 28
13
16
18
68
13

76
16
60
32
-

-

1
23
4

-

-

50
23

192
53
1 39
2
11
6
64
56

2

-

-

3 9 .0
39. 5
38. 5
39. 5
3 7 .0

1 1 0 .0 0
1 0 8 .5 0
1 1 1 .5 0
1 2 0 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6
4
2
2
-

19
15
4
2

43
31
12
3

83
45
38
25

100
42
58
4
42

38. 5
38. 5
38. 5
39. 5
39. 5
39. 5
3 8 .0

9 1 .5 0
9 5 .0 0
8 9 .5 0
1 0 1 .0 0
9 2 .5 0
8 8 .5 0
8 5 .0 0

-

-

-

19
2
17
2
4
11

44
5
39
4
8
4
16

117
28
89
4
2
23
48

223
62
161
11
27
16
96

1 79
65
114
5
22
6
71

195
69
126
10
28
17
58

-

-

i
1

-

-

-

-

42
2
40
-

.

_

-

~

;

40

-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

210 .
117
93
22
25
28

15
8
7
6
_

-

22
6
16
4
2
10

_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

.
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

.
-

-

-

-

68
23
45
43

41
18
23
23

!
!

81
4
77

;

77

26
11
15
15

30
24
6
6

62
6
56
56

_
-

_
_

-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
.
_
_
_

140
46
94
17
62
12

114
47
67
9
54
4

47
36
11
2
4
5

54
47
7
2
5

7
6
1
1
_

4
3
1
1
_

2
2
_

_

-

-

_
-

-

-

;

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-




_

.

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

143
48
95
18
33

91
56
35
3
13

78
26
52
12
19

72
26
46
13
4

1 17
75
42
7
18

74
41
33
21
-

45
3
42
31
4

26
2
24
10
-

6
2
4
4
-

1
1
_

13
7
6

238
148
72
76
166
72
56 1 11
25 ,l 13
1J
14 j
12
64

64
28
36
7
12
11

39
12
27
10
8
1
6

66
28
38
34
4

12
12
-

1
1
1

3
3
-

-

_
-

_

_

_

_

_
-

-

l !L_

5

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.

NO TE:

1

-

E stim ates for all in du stries, nonmanufacturing, and public utilities include data for railroad s (SIC 40), omitted from the scope
of all labor m arket wage surveys made before July 1959.
Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest
on the data shown separately for the public utilities division.

-

_

-

_
5

_

-

_
_

_
_
_

_

_

-

6
Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued
(A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry d ivision, Chicago, 111. , A p ril 1961)
Average
S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n

Number
of
workers

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

$
$
$
$
$
S
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Weekly U n d e r 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0
9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 * 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 *1 4 5 .0 0 *1 5 0 .0 0
earnings1
and
and
(Standard) $
5 0 . 00 u n d e r
1 0 0 . 00 LQ5.QQ 1 1 0 ,0 .0 1 1 5 ,0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 o v e r
- 5 5 , 0 0 . 6 0 . 00 6.5. QO 7 0 . QQ .75.^011 ..80. Ofl- &5.JDXL S £ L M .

Weekly
hours1
(Standard)

i

M e n — C o n t in u e d
T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s C _________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ ._________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ '_____ ____________
F i n a n c e 3 ---------------------------------------------------

693
2 13
480
224

38,
37.
39.
38.

5
5
0
5

$ 78. 00
7 6 .0 0
7 9 . 00
7 6 . 00

“

1
1
1

15
15
15

23
3
20
15

144
f 6
78
23

128
63
65
39

1 18
21
97
55

83
20
63
30

79
21
58
24

1
j

45
7
38 !

23
7
16

8 !

7

22
1
21
2

7
4
3
1

|
2
2 !
2 j

2

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1

2
2

“

-

-

-

10

-

-

-

|

1
W om en

I

.

50
50
00
00
50

-

6
6
-

-

39. 0
39. 0
40. 0

6 8 . 00
6 7 . 50
6 3 . 50

828
380
448
1 73
1 15

39.
39.
38.
38.
40.

0
5
5
5
0

87.
87.
88.
87.
83.

B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c la s s B
_ ..
_
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e -------------------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 _____________________ ___________
S e r v ic e s
________________________________

3 ,8 4 1
824
3 ,0 1 7
618
275
1 ,8 8 8
165

38.
39.
38.
39.
40.
38.
38.

5
0
5
5
0
0
0

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ______________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________
F i n a n c e 3 _________________________________
S e r v i c e s ____________ *___________________

2 ,7 9 1
1 ,0 0 7
1 ,7 8 4
305
398
180
657
244

38.
39.
38.
39.
39.
39.
37.
37.

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ______________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________
W h o le s a le tra d e
______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ________________________________
S e r v ic e s
_ _ _

5 ,5 2 2
1 ,8 0 8
3 ,7 1 4
386
1 ,0 0 9
879
1 ,0 5 7
383

39.
38.
39.
40.
39.
40.
37.
38.

B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) ______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
______________________

1 ,4 2 6
572
854
236
529

B il le r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g
m a c h i n e ) ______________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________

398
388
249

B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s A _____ i ______________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------ -----N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ ___________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________

39.
39.
39.
40.
39.

76.
75.
77.
84.
75.

|
1

-

1 08
21
87
10
58

236
1 29
107
30
64

292
117
1 75
30
129

160
70
90
10
71

185
81
104
20
77

1 48
63
85
14
71

175
55
120
117
2

34
6
28
5
23

2
2
2

42
42
41

43
43
13

22
20

31
29
29

17
15
4

26
26

1
1

35
35

1
1

-

5
1

-

1
1

-

-

-

14

1 72
172
146

50
00
50
00
50

-

-

30
4
26
9
3

66
2
64
36
22

69
38
31
10
5

141
109
32
5
16

136
81
55
10
31

179
75
104
53
14

68
36
32
24
8

25
2
23
22
1

53
53
7

-

-

-

-

-

-

“

4
4
1

2
2
-

-

10
5
5
4

42
26
16
4

-

3
3
3

-

-

-

-

-

-

74.
80.
72.
72.
70.
72.
77.

50
50
50
50
00
50
50

23
23
23

4
4
4
-

192
27
165
34
22
1 09

721
6l
660
98
58
470
22

806
86
720
137
50
482
40

681
1 75
5 06
116
28
3 24
25

337
97
240
27
25
154
18

379
186
193
78
14
67
20

205
118
87
24
17
20
23

67
23
44
1
38
3

25
25
-

2
2
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

399
24
375
103
57
201
14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

5
0
5
5
5
5
5
5

92.
94.
91.
101.
92.
87.
88.
92.

50
00
50
00
00
50
00
00

_
-

_
-

79
29
50
6
5
24
15

463
161
302
15
57
20
161
49

376
126
250
33
100
22
70
25

273
1 29
144
37
39
20
38
10

352
1 19
233
89
47

1 37
88
49
30
4
1

27
10
17
1
-

36
28

6
8

-

28
1
27
24
-

12
1
11
11
-

14
12
2
1
1
-

5
5
-

1
1
1
-

1
-

29

19 3
63
130
44
7
13
40
26

134
53
81
2
15
-

7

206
62
144
6
30
29
68
11

308
100
208
35
49
26
89

"

20
17
3
2
1

146
30
116
20
23

-

16
16
1
15

8

3

-

-

-

"

0
5
0
0
5
0
5
0

74.
77.
73.
82.
74.
70.
70.
73.

50
00
00
00
50
00
50
50

7

92
269
37
232
92
30
34
73
35 !
26 j
94
31
i !

696
1 49
5 47
39
1 19
1 26
206
57

978
287
691
53
140
165
269
64

820
267
553
23
182
200
105
43

1014
394
620
25
214
162
143
76

701
233
468
105
156
40
128
39

407
1 89
218
47
47
35
44
45

215
133
82
20
10

189

91
30
61
31

24
10
14
-

13
8
5
-

8

9
5
-

3

8
6

-

1
1
-

_
-

8

2
2
-

_
-

_
-

j
!

See footnotes at end of table.




1

68
29
39
23

5
5
0
0
0

-

7
7
-

!

66

!

3 i
- 1
3 1
1

11
1
10

-

I

1

i

9

-

9
59

66
123
43
57

32
12
1

9

14

2
6
j

2

8

3

2
1
1
-

_
-

-

1

7
Table A-l. Office Occupatbns-Continued
( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is
b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , C h i c a g o , 111., A p r i l 1 9 6 1 )
Average
Sex,

o c c u p a tio n ,

a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n

Number
of
workers

Weeklyj

Weekly . U n d e r
earnings 1
(Standard) $
5 0 . 00

(Standard!

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF
1
$
$
s
$
S
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
IS
S
$
S
S
£
5 0 . 00 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00
9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 . OC 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . o d 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0
and
and
5 5 . 00

6 0 . 00

6 5 . 00

7 0 . 00

7 5 . 00

8 0 . 00

8 5 . 00

9 0 . 00

300
88
212
22
119
40

291
63
228
24
154
44

355
138
217
28
144
40

264
70
194
28
126
33

169
76
93
38
34
17

151
113
38
11
21

9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . o q 1 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0
1
—
!

over

W o m e n — C o n t in u e d

$ 7 4 . 00
7 4 .5 0
7 4 . 00
7 4 . 0Q
7 2 . 00
7 5 . 50

_

-

~

116
57
59
10
32
6

5
0
5
0
5
0
5
5

6 2 .5 0
6 4 . 50
6 2 . 00
7 5 . 00
6 5 . 50
6 0 . 00
5 9 .0 0
6 2 . 00

293
20
273
4 112
155
6

836
39
797
87
88
547
75

1243
301
942
35
47
86
685
89

1610
336
1274
58
182
1 43
671
220

1 021
259
762
112
199
86
324
41

598
188
410
47
136
92
106
29

288
58
230
107
11
35
47
30

141
r if
114
56
31
_

2, 0 0 2
755
1, 2 4 7
588
562

39. 0
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
39. 0
40. 0

7 4 . 50
? 5 . 50
7 4 . 00
7 9 . 00
6 7 .0 0

16
16
16

44
4
40
30

1 32
33
99
4
92

300
119
181
56
108

307
103
204
88
111

378
141
237
148
89

218
73
145
78
53

150
106
44
26
18

142
46
96
75
19

124
74
50
27
12

C le r k s , p a y r o ll
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________
..................................... .
W h o le sa le tra d e
R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ..................................................... .
S e r v ic e s
...................................................... .

2, 2 0 7
1, 2 0 8
999
214
225
197
148
215

39. 0
..." 5 M
39. 0
3 9 .5
39. 0
40. 0
37. 5
38. 5

8 3 .5 0
8 4 . 00
8 3 .5 0
9 5 . 00
8 1 .5 0
7 4 . 50
8 7 . 00
8 0 . 50

_
- —
-

38
1
37
4
22
11
-

-

-

-

1 22
81
41
2
11
22
1
5

165
94
71
3
10
18
19
21

307
180
1 27
6
13
43
14
51

209
109
1 00
11
24
30
22
13

323
132
191
40
66
37
11
37

381
260
121
26
10
12
11
62

C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ___________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ..........................................
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________
W h o le s a le tra d e
_____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e .................................................
F i n a n c e 3 .......................................................
S e r v ic e s
_______________________________

2, 9 7 6
§03~
2, 1 7 3
324
581
799
180
289

39. 0
39. 0
3 9 .5
40. 0
39. 0
39. 5
37. 5
40. 0

78.
82.
77.
90.
74.
73.
72.
79.

00
00
00
50
50
00
00
00

_
_
_

19
19
_

54
4
50
2
6
35
7
-

245
15
230
_
1 02
86
25
17

321
59
262
11
50
123
49
29

594
169
425
10
124
203
41
47

495
108
387
28
177
122
39
21

477
182
295
23
63
1 19
9
81

39. 0
39. 0
38. 5

7 0 . 50
6 8 . 00
7 3 . 00

1
1

21
20
1

52
31
21

54
24
30

30
15
15

45
29
16

37
23
14

1
1
_
1
1

68
68
2

1 92
9
183
7
18
30
122

571
178
393
15
28
44
293
13

663
297
366
12
53
67
1 97
37

788
379
409
17
108
99
154
31

908
286
622
74
125
80
316
27

C le r k s , file , c la s s A
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
_____________________
F in a n c e 3
........ ......................................... .....
S e r v ic e s
_______________________________

1, 8 8 0
630“
1, 2 5 0
217
6 71
226

38. 5
39. 0
38. 0
38. 5
38. 0
3 6 .5

C le r k s , file , c la s s B
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
_____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________
F in a n c e 3
.................. ...................................
S e r v ic e s
________ _______________________

6, 1 95
1, 2 6 4
4, 931
520
712
642
2, 549
508

38.
39.
38.
40.
39.
40.
37.
38.

C l e r k s , o r d e r ................... .......................................
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
................................. .....
R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________

D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s
( M i m e o g r a p h o r D it t o ) ___________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______ _________ ___________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________

314
168
1 46

K eyp u n ch o p e r a to r s
............................................
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________
W h o le sa le tra d e
......................................
R e t a i l t r a d e . ............................... .................
F i n a n c e 3 .........................................................
............................................... ........
S e r v ic e s

5, 2 0 2
1, 9 0 3
3, 2 9 9
641
557
435
1, 3 8 0
286

38.
38.
38.
40.
39.
39.
37.
39.

5
5
5
0
5
5
5
0

7 7 . 00
7 7 . 50
7 6 .5 0
8 8 .5 0
7 7 .5 0
1 7 3 .5 0
1 7 0 .5 0
1 7 8 .0 0

i
S e e fo o t n o t e s at en d o f ta b le .




42
1
41
22
4

-

-

9
r 7
7
-

17
_
2

3
48
15

6

!

1
|
S

!

1

!

S
i

12
15

—

90
2T"
66
43
18
2
3

22
22
1
1
14

80
11
69
34
25
5

37
9
28
10
_

38
7
31
30
1
_
-

11
22
3 ---------- 1
19
9 !
19
9
_
_
-

3

!

17
4
13
_
1

4
- i
4 !
_
!

26

"

-

26
20
2

1

1
1
1
_
_

2
2
2
_
_
-

1
1
_

3
3
_
1

2
2
_
_

1
1
_
_

_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

_
-

_

_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

-

_
-

_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

-

-

-

"

.

.
_

-

-

-

54
24
30
11
14

74
2
72
44

54
23
31
31

2
2

_
~
_

7
7
_

-

-

-

-

-

229
138
91
21
22
6
29
13

137
65
72
22
34
_
12
4

120
50
70
47
1
11
11

64
29
35
13
8
_
14

13
11
2
2
_
_

17
14
3
_
_

17
13
4
_
_
_
4

3
-

-

-

39
28
11
4
4
_
3

-

3

213
8o
133
21
22
58
32

328
77
2 51
136
23
36
6
50

134
39
95
77
7
_
4
7

6
3
3
2
1
_

2
2
_
_
_
_

20
9
11

28
9
19

23
6
17

2
1
1

1
1

-

-

-

-

-

681
234
447
63
109
68
140
67

500
252
248
56
55
23
93
21

514
178
336
219
16
21
14

254
65
189
168
19
_

45
13
32
7
22

15
12
3
2
1
_
_

1

66

!

2

42
46
21 ------ i ¥ "
21
2
1
13
5
1
_
_
_
_
3
-

I
1

-

-

_

-!

|
|

-

_

_
_
_

_
_
_
1
j
:

-

_
_
_
_
_

_
-

3
.
.
_

11
1
10
10
-

-

3

-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_

_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
.
_

-

-

-

-

_
.
_
_

i

1
1

3
3
3
_
_
_

_

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
1
_
_

1
1
1
_
-

_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_

_
-

_
_
_

_
_
_
_

'

'

_

_
_
_

-

_
-

-

3

L

'

'

8
Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued
( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s an d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is
b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , C h i c a g o , 111. , A p r i l 1 9 6 1 )
Ave RAGE
S ex,

o c c u p a t io n ,

an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n

Number
of
workers

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

$
$
$
Weekly U n d e r 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0
earnings1
and
(Standard) $
under
5 0 . 00
5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00

Weekly
hours 1
(Standard)

$
$
$
7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 *9 0 . 0 0
7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00

8 5 . 00

9 0 . 00

$
$
$
S
$
$
$
9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0
and

9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0

over

W o m e n — C o n t in u e d

O f f i c e g i r l s ------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________ ___
R e t a i l t r a d e ----------------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________

1. 1 3 9
259
880
255
385

39. 0
38. 5
39. 5
40. 0
3 9 .0

$ 6 2 .0 0
6 3 .5 0
6 1 .5 0
6 1 .5 0
5 8 .5 0

53
20
33
5
27

.

125
20
105
17
51

397
77
320
88
182

213
32
181
59
80

160
37
1 23
64
39

50
22
28
17
2

72
30
42
3
4

41
9
32
2

4
4
-

16
16
-

94
17
77
-

4
-

8
8

19
43
15

286
60
226
26
38
114
48

432
160
272
23
34
72
65
78

926
312
614
11
84
80
308
131

1632
603
1029
50
156
125
499
1 99

628
220
408
8
53
37
277
33

1144
433
711
40
181
47
367
76

1598
648
950
55
324
91
398
82

2029
873
1156
83
244
130
543
156

2
2

14
13
2

24
21

-

-

S e c r e t a r i e s __________ _______________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________
S e r v i c e s _______________________________

1 4 ,3 2 6
5, 3 51
8, 975
938
2, 050
1 ,3 7 2
2, 953
1, 6 6 2

38. 5
39. 0
38. 5
39. 5
3 9 .0
39. 5
37. 5
37. 5

9 5 .0 0
9 7 .0 0
9 4 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0
9 7 .0 0
9 1 .5 0
9 0 .5 0
9 2 .0 0

_
-

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ___________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----- -— --------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ______________ _____ _____
S e r v i c e s _______________________________

1 0 ,4 7 7
4 ,3 2 6
6 , 151
1, 0 1 9
1 ,6 1 2
517
2, 287
716

38. 5
3 9 .0
38. 5
39. 5
39. 0
40. 0
37. 5
37. 5

8 0 .5 0
8 1 .5 0
8 0 .0 0
9 2 .5 0
7 9 .5 0
7 8 .0 0
7 5 .5 0
7 9 .0 0

-

-

60
12
48
3
14
2
29
"

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l _________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________

456
377
190

3 8 .0
38. 0
3 7 .0

9 1 .5 0
9 0 .0 0
9 4 .0 0

-

-

2
2

S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ____________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __ T--------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e ----------------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________
S e r v i c e s -------------------------------------------------

2 , 0 51
511
1, 5 4 0
246
230
231
343
490

3 9 .0
39. 0
39. 0
39. 5
39. 0
40. 0
37. 5
3 9 .5

7 5 .5 0
8 1 .0 0
7 3 .5 0
8 8 .5 0
7 9 .0 0
6 7 .0 0
7 8 .5 0
6 3 .0 0

39. 0
3 9 .0
38. 5
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
39. 5
37. 0

7 6 .5 0
7 7 .0 0
7 6 .0 0
8 3 .0 0
7 3 .5 0
7 5 .0 0
7 7 .0 0

38. 5
3 7 .5 |
|
39. 5 1
4 0 .0 |

9 1 .0 0
9 4 .5 0
8 9 .5 0
9 6 .5 0

S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ___
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________

2 .1 5 3
1 ,0 4 7
1, 1 0 6
129
565
112
209

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
cleL S S B
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ !__
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________

396
119
277
103

1
S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le ,




-

-

1
1
j
1
-

50
50
3
_
47

_

1
-

1
1
-

-

-

-

-

-

1715
577
1138
35
250
1 68
430
255

2244
721
1523
90
3 71
261
543
258

1897
689
1208
129
262
209
321
287

1738
6 41
1097
121
358
218
240
160

1217
496
721
124
239
93
1 67
98

1574
670
904
62
278
90
294
180

1141
466
675
83
315
57
143
77

978
401
5 77
161
144
41
150
81

630
283
347
209
36
18
60
24

3 91
144
247
209
6
3
22
7

162
83
79
62
13
4

46
38
16

65
64
24

54
50
31

90
76
42

51
39
25

23
19
11

44
31
27

19
11
4

14
6
4

6
4
4

2
1
"

41
14
27
14
7
1
5

16
14
2
1
1
-

2
2
-

1
1
-

1
1
-

4
4
4

-

-

1
1
1
-

-

-

-

_

_
_

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

758
336
422
120
135
50
94
23

529
259
270
109
23
12
80
46

305
173
132
39
32
4
31
26

235
179
56
32
10
2
10
2

94
59
35
18
9
_
2
6

89
33
56
6
35
9
6

40
21
19
5
1
_
13

29
3
26
1
25
_
-

46
12
34
25
_
_
_

-

9

60
28
32
28
4
-

41
31
10
10
-

21
18
3
3
-

19
16
3
3
-

_
-

_
_
-

211
1
210
1
48
2
159

131
20
111
7
2
39
20
43

222
43
179
19
19
25
56
60

242
69
173
2
69
30
46
26

262
1 07
155
17
27
30
45
36

3 01
98
203
11
46
25
103
18

249
69
180
59
43
3
53
22

166
47
119
81
9
4
9
16

68
26
42
33
7
2
-

~

"

-

-

1

11
_

59
10
49
45

220
70
150
21
104

398
191
207
10
53

363
210
1 53
34
59

2

433
210
223
11
140
28

22

22

49
25
24
20
-

9
9
-

3
3
3
-

_
-

.
-

33

91

26

189
107
82
28
34
20

43
29
14
5
8

15

158
50
1 08
15
44
13
12

-

-

-

"

-

*

61

42
6
36
27

51
10
41
5

82
40
42
36

5

-

2

_

-

-

-

5

15

-

-

-

-

5

3

9

12

52

'

'

-

-

83
83
21
62

217
136
81
1
66
4
10

_
-

j

2
1
1
-

24
10
14
-

11
11

2

___ i

22

65
21

31

44

3

25

53

9

5

3

2

3

6

5

3

3
1

2

4

-

!
_
1
- j
- |
-

-

_
-

"

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

1

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

_

_

-

1
1
1
-

-

-

.
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9

Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued
( A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is
b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , C h i c a g o , 111. , A p r i l 1 9 6 1 )
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

Average
S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n

Number
of
workers

Weekly,
hours
(Standard)

Weekly j U n d e r
earnings
(Standard) $
5 0 . 00

$
5 0 . 00 $5 5 . 00
and
under
5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00

$

$
$
$
$
$
$
9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0
and

6 0 . 00

6 5 . 00

$
$
$
7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0

8 5 . 00

9 0 . 00

6 5 . 00

7 0 . 00

7 5 . 00

90. 00

9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0

8 0 . 00

8 5 . 00

over

W o m e n — C o n t in u e d

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s C __________________
_____________ ___
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _______________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 -----------------------------------

728
304
207

T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,
g e n e r a l __________________________ ___________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __ _______________________
F i n a n c e 3 _________________________________
S e r v i c e s --------------------------------------- ------------

2 , 124
692
1 ,4 3 2
420
102
489
327

T y p is t s , c la s s A
_____________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 _________ „ ___________
W h o le s a le tra d e
______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________
F i n a n c e 3 _________________________________
S e r v i c e s _________________________________

T y p is ts , c la s s B
_____________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ ___
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ______________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ________________________________
S e r v ic e s
__________________ ___________

3 7 . 0 $ 7 8 . 50
8 0 . 50
39. 5
8 4 . 50
40. 0

-

-

“

“

38.
39.
38.
38.
40.
38.
37.

7 8 . 00
5
0 ! 7 9 .0 0
7 7 . 00
0
8 2 . 50
5
0
6 9 . 00
0
7 1 . 50
7 6 . 00
0

-

5 ,4 7 9
2 ,4 3 7
3 ,0 4 2
290
377
241
1 ,6 5 8
476

38.
39.
38.
39.
39.
39.
37.
37.

5
0
0
5
5
5
5
5

77.
76.
77.
84.
78.
76.
74.
81.

00
50
00
00
00
50
50
50

-

1 0 ,1 6 3
2 ,8 4 6
7 ,3 1 7
390
1 ,1 2 4
969
3 ,7 1 7
1 ,1 1 7

38.
39.
38.
39.
39.
40.
38.
38.

5
0
5
5
0
0
0
0

66.
69.
65.
75.
66.
65.
64.
67.

50
00
50
50
50
00
00
00

14
5
9
6
3

25
25
13

109
42
20

152
47
21

1 26
41
40

105
13
8

81
10
'

8
--------- 3 1
5
1
3
1
~

-

644
23
621
10
41
172
381
17

19
16
9

18
18
18

71
70
68

-

-

-

-

-

"

"

'

'

"

3
3
1
-

1
1
1

6
r j
-

"

"

2
2
2
-

73
3
70
30
39
1

173
32
141
14
12
75
40

306
137
1 69
10
16
106
37

2 87
77
210
72
8
98
32

438
138
300
61
11
97
131

291
64
227
1 25
15
50
36

192
114
78
47
2
4
22

149
30
119
54
2
14
26

113
42
71
6
2
4
1

80
46
34
28
1

4
4
2
-

64
16
48
11
4
15
16
2

382
226
156
14
4
9
113
16

943
400
543
30
75
30
359
49

1230
581
649
25
65
61
443
55

979
336
643
38
84
36
407
78

641
3 21
320
36
34
40
116
94

527
2 74
2 53
22
53
26
81
71

376
134
242
37
25
21
83
76

225
105
120
44
27
3
31
15

69
20
49
23
6
8
12

34
22
12
6
6

5
2
3
2
1
‘

-

2715 2455
580“
6 81
2035 1774
32
53
202
378
1 82
1 72
1118 1033
314
325

1653
667
986
44
246
169
394
133

872
384
488
26
120
102
177
63

498
157
3 41
60
51
43
68
1 19

96
35
61
17
13
14
1
16

83
23
60
46
1
13

44
2
42
41
1
-

8

2
2
-

2
2
-

2
2
-

1075
177
898
59
71
1 09
545
1 14

1
1
2
3
4

22
22
10

—

r
2
2
-

1________

S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t t h e w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , an d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te .
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 7 a t $ 30 t o $ 3 5 ; 2 at $ 3 5 t o $ 4 0 ; 24 at $ 4 0 t o $ 4 5 ; 7 9 a t $ 4 5 t o $ 5 0 .




—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

“
-

■

“

“

"

-

2
_

_

_

_

2
2

-

-

-

.

_

.

-

-

-

1
I

I
-

"

_

_

-

-

-

"

"

-

.

.

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

J

_1

'

-

_

_

-

10
Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Chicago, 111., A p ril 1961)
N UM BER OP W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF

A verage

Sex,

o c c u p a t io n ,

an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n

of
workers

Weekly
hours 1
(Standard)

Weekly . U n d e r
earnings1
(Standard) $

75 . 00

$

$

7 5 . 00
and
under
8 0 . 00

8 0 . 00

S
$
s
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 7 5 .0 0
and
-

$

$

8 5 . 00

-

-

8 5 . 00

9 0 . 00

9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 7 5 .0 0

over

M en

D r a f t s m e n , l e a d e r __________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________

634
298
336

39. 0
3 9 .5
38. 5

$ 1 5 4 .0 0

_

.

.

.

.

1 4 3 .5 0
1 6 3 .5 0

-

-

-

-

-

___
_ _ _
D r a fts m e n , s e n io r
M a n u fa c tu r in g
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b lic , u t i l i t i e s 3 _ ............................
S e r v ic e s
........... .... ... _

3, 107
1 ,9 1 9
1, 1 8 8
199
868

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
39. 5
39. 5
39. 5

1 2 8 .0 0
1 2 2 .5 0
1 3 8 .0 0
1 3 1 .0 0
1 4 1 .0 0

D r a fts m e n , ju n io r
__ ,_______________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ ____________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________
P u b lic u t il it ie s 3

2, 0 5 6
1, 4 8 5
5 71
237

39. 5
~ 3 9 :~
3 9 .5
39. 5

5
5

5
5

12
12

20
18
!

2

29
27
2

26
20
6

25
14
11

46
17
29

61
40
21

38
31
7

59
30
29

43
20
23

48
13
35

33
--------~ T
31

43
1
42

2 139
41
98

56
5
51
1
49

23
3
20
1
14

_

~

"

'

69
59
10
_

83
74
9
_
3

196
156
40
9
22

186
152
34
6
16

281
213
68
25
32

239
159
80
18
49

302
211
91
25
58

295
197
98
27
59

246
105
141
45
88

195
69
126
11
1 15

114
59
55
7
41

194
95
99
4
86

124
37
87
9
75

141
65
76
3
72

58
15
43
_

1

259
208
51
7
37

222
203
19
8

313
265
48
15

201
154
47
15

159
108
51
19

72
3$
34
28

83
34
49
25

124
38
86
75

76
31
45
3

53
5
48
9

61
27
34
4

20
2
18
_

15
5
10
_

4
4
_

2
2
_

_

_

-

_

_

56
41
15

120
94
26

78
60
18

94
8i
11

47
24
23

62
40
22

35
28
7

15
13
2

20
18
2

4
1
3

_

_

_

.

.

.

.

.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

'

"

1
_

1

1
_

1
_

18
13
5
_

1

1

5

26
24
2
1
1

100
76
24
9

247
227
20
6

29
25
4

48
41
7

304
9 4 .5 0
& 9 . 5 0 "* Z '7 T ~
32
1 0 7 .5 0
21
1 0 4 .5 0

2
2

43

W om en

N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l (r e g is t e r e d )
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________

616
470
146

39. 5
3 9 .5
39. 0

9 8 .5 0
9 8 .5 0 1
9 9 .0 0

8
2
6

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e salarie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 47 at $ 1 7 5 to $ 1 8 0 ; 49 at $ 1 8 0 to $ 1 8 5 ; 5 at $ 1 8 5 to $ 1 9 0 ; 6 at $ 1 9 0 to $ 1 9 5 ; 3 at $ 1 9 5 to $ 2 0 0 ; 29 at $ 2 0 0 and over.
3 Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities.
4 W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s: 22 at $ 6 0 to $ 6 5 ; 98 at $ 6 5 to $ 7 0 ; 152 at $ 7 0 to $ 7 5 .
NOTE;

See note on p. 5, relative to the inclusion of railroad s.




-

11
Table A-3. M aintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, Chicago, HI. , A p ril 1961)
j

NUM BER OF W ORKERS R E CEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E HOURLY EARN ING S OF—

s
8
s
U nder 2 . 0 0
2 . 10 2 . 2 0
and
earnings1 $
under
2 . 00
2 . 20 2 . 3 0
2 . 10

$
s
S
$
$
s
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2. 4 0 2 . 50 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 . 3 0 *3. 4 0 3 . 50 3 . 6 0 3 . 7 0

o

Average

3. 80

S
$
$
$
$
s
3 . 9 0 4 . 0 0 4 . 10 4 . 2 0 4 . 30 4 . 4 0

r\>

and
o

O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n

Number
of

2 . 50

2 . 60

2. 70

2 . 80

2 . 90

3. 00

3 . 10

3 . 20

3 . 30

3 .4 0

8
8
-

129
54
75
66
9

82
57
25
4
17
2

37
21
16
12
2
2

55
28
27
1
22

66
61
5
2

67
64
3
1
2

65
62
3
2

74
50
24
24

69
65
4
4

"

-

-

42
41
1
1

130
36
94
1

147
126
21
11

2 21
150
71
-

339
257
82
9

294
2 87
7
-

347
316
31
17

376
354
22
8

5

-

71

24

-

-

-

210
158
52
48
1
1
2

81
60
21
21
-

1 03
34
69
22
45
2

97
60
37
9
7
2
-

237
172
65

"

"

130
80
50
16
3
31

3 . 50

3 . 60

3. 70

3. 80

3 .9 0

4. 00

4 . 10

4 . 20

16
10
6

15
13
2

3
3

2
1
1

-

313
19
294

5
5

9

-

-

2

3

-

-

-

43
207

7
6
1
1

43
24
19
-

2
2
-

7
3
4
3

-

19

-

160
128
32

75
61
14

47
44
3

-

1
13

3

4 . 30

4 .4 0

over

9

-

-

-

5

8
1

-

-

-

11
3
8
-

7
7
-

3
3
-

98
78
20
3
8

3
3
2
1

1

8

-

-

1 77
52
125
3
110
12

10
6
4

4
4
-

4
4

-

-

2
2

-

2
2

-

-

-

-

-

4

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

-

-

I
1
1
-

15
15
-

5
5
z

C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e -------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ - ------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 --------------------------------

1. 0 3 6
505
531
116

$ 3 . 17
Z . 94
3 .3 8
2.66

-

F i n a n c e 3 ________________ ______________

222

3 . 88

-

E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e _______ _______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------ --------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------R e t a i l t r a d e ----------- ------------------------------

3. 066
2 , 158
908
76

3.
3.
3.
3.

21
16
34
25

-

-

-

12
7
5
-

1
1
-

70
61
9
-

3 . 17

-

-

-

3

-

7

25
25

24
24

-

-

-

-

24

-

6
6
-

18
15
3
1
2
-

"

-

94
43
51
4
1
46

S e r v ic e s

_______________________________

E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y _____________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________
F i n a n c e 3 ______________________________
S e r v i c e s _______________________________

165

2. 2 7 2
1 , 088
1, 1 8 4
104
66
260
453
301

3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
3.
3.
2.

07
05
09
74
91
14
31
89

4 10
15

976
669
307
64

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

56
49
72
59
79

119
5 1 18
1

H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e ---------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________
JrUDixc u i i i i i i c S
.....................

1. 206
823
383
160

2.
2.
2.
2.

47
45
50
43

62
48
14

59
36
23

M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s ,
t o o l r o o m --------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------

1 .7 2 1
1 ,7 2 0

3. 06
3. 06

-

-

_

-

-

"

F ir e m e n ,

s t a tio n a r y b o il e r

-----------------------

M n r ,m ,n ,if a c t i r r m n

23
19
4

1

73
49
24
1

39
39
-

81
74
7
1
6

53
48
5
4

114
1 06
8
6

I

-

-

120
80
40
1
27
12

91
50
41
4
_ !
9 1
_ l
28

1 9

-

1
5
46
13

432
297
251 |
93
181 j 2 0 4
1
20 !
1
91
5
1

732
83
649
1
16
1 33
399
100

29
3
-

"
1
1

54
48
6
4
2

22
19
3
3

33
9
24

182
18
164
17
54

59
56
3

83
83

19
19

12
12

198
108
90
63

192
118
74

86
68
18

31
24
7

7
4
3

37
14
23

1
1

-

9
9

1
1

}5
15

77
77

108
108

116
116

1 03
103

213
213

320
320

189
189

262
262

132
132

105
105

38
38

16
16

12
12

9
9

38
38

51
47
4

75
69
6

165
1 63
2

1?1
190
1

268
264
4

390
377
13

3?2
387
5

643
633
10

164
151
13

169
106
63

14
11
3

32
32

34
34

3
3

"

“

93
54
39
25

340
120
220
149
43
28

953
242
711
584
58
69

165
43
1 22
120

47
13
34
13

25

_

1

12

_

25
22

-

1

12

-

2

21

3

108
46
62
35
6

55
51
4

124
35
89
78

246
213
33
13

6
5

23
23

4

9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12
11
1

14
14

1

M a c h i n i s t s , m a i n t e n a n c e --------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________

M e c h a n ic s , a u t o m o t iv e
( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ________________ _______________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________
P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2
-------------------------------W K n l p q ^ I a

R e t a il tr a d e

2 .9 0 9
2, 784
125

-

16
16

*

-

8
8 !

-

"

i

_

2 . 020
533
1 ,4 8 7
1, 106
151

3.
3.
3.
3.
2.

04
06
03
05
82
3 . 11

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

22

“

10

22

-

-

10

22

16
1
11




50
-

4
1 2
I

4 7
i

50 i
28 '
22

i

'
I
i _______

See footnotes at end of table.

184
184

10
10

1
1

12
12

"

“

“

-

_

_

_

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

i

i1 yQ \f )j

__________________________

3 . 17
3 . 17
3 . 28

i

47|
47 !
j

1 17
4
113
89 1
22
2

62
28
34
201
11

60
25
35 1
9
2 i
11

11

3

1

12
Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations-Continued
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, Chicago, ELI. , A p ril 1961)
NUM BER OF WORKERS R E CEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARN INGS OF—

Occupation and industry division

M ech anics, maintenance -----------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------

M illw rights ________________________________
Manufacturing _________________________

O ilers ---------------------------------------------------------nivf a r t n T in g

P ainters, maintenance ---------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------p iiK ln r 1

oe^

Number

3. 081
2, 704
377

$
s
$
$
$
S
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5
S
$
Average
hourly , Under 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 *3. 50 3. 60
earnings1 $
and
under!
2. 00
2. 10 2. 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2 .8 0 2. 9 0 3. 00 3«_10 _3j_20 -3 .3 0 . J u M . 3. 50

$ 2 .9 5
2. 92
3. 13

3
-

-

■

47
46
1

161
158
3

91
86

3

_

21
21

-

261
252
9

288
244
44

283
266
17

432
423
9

369
358
11

146
136
10

279
101
178

5
5

3
3

-

"

30
30

75
72

68
66

115
114

59
58

281
276

183
183

372
367

10
9

53
53

16
16

65
65

6
5

10
10

59
49

35
4

12
12

1
1

1

3. 10
3. 10

_

-

-

-

-

639
592

2 .4 8
2. 45

22
22

65
65

39
39

35
35

70
70

75
72

109
106

91
91

24
24

879
336
543
96

3.
2.
3.
2.

3
2
1
1

8
8

23
3
20
3

47
24
23
23

22
13
9
8

35
22
13
9

53
38
15

68
66
2

18
15
3
2

46
20
26
25

54
29
25
24

14
14

3
3

8
8

32
22
10

42
36
6

80
44
36

127
113
14

140
135
5

104
104

34
31

16
"

4
2

12
12

5
2

11
7

28
93
50
82

-

7
7

-

-

-

3
3

1. 018
851
167

3. 17
3. 13
3. 36

-

-

-

-

-

■

P lu m b ers, maintenance -------------------- —
Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------

151
109

3. 23
3. 26

‘

-

■

"

S h eet-m etal w ork ers,
maintenance -------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------

280
273

3. 08
3. 09

-

-

-

■

Tool and die m ak ers -------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------

4. 104
4, 104

3. 36
3. 36

~

_

.

“

-

See note on p. 5; relative to the inclusion of r ailroad s.




3
3

-

-

1

1

1

1

1
1
-

_

_

_

_

_

-

1

-

1

-

2
2

"

-

“

3
2
1

-

-

-

-

1

41
14
27

_

_

_

"

-

-

-

2
2

53
53

20
8
12

-

3
3

-

-

-

1

297
22
275

117
1
116

34
33
1

78
40
38

47
47

4
4

2
1
1

20
1
19

3

•

7
7

"

15
15

19
10

1
1

1
1

_

_

-

-

62
62

21
21

16
16

-

2 2 9

222
7
_

5
5

.

1

“

"

-

-

“

“

4
4

7
6

5
4

17
14

11
10

23
23

93
92

12
12

88
88

10
10

5
5

.

.

.

.

52
52

58
58

76
76

123
123

273
273

355
355

432
432

658
658

894
894

Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts.
Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities.
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
A ll w orkers w ere at $ 1 .8 0 to $ 1 .9 0 .
W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 10 at $ 1. 50 to $ 1. 60; 32 at $ 1 .6 0 to $ 1 .7 0; 1 at $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 1 . 8 0 ; 42 at $ 1 . 8 0 to $ 1 . 90; 33 at $ 1 . 9 0 to $ 2 .

NO TE:

$
4 .4 0
and

251
244
7

_

4. 30

3. 80

312
238
74

.

1, 366
1, 347

$
$
s
$
$
3. 80 3. 90 4 . 00 4. 10 4. 20

143
140
3

.

P ip efitte rs, maintenance -----------------------Manufacturing ---------- -----------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------

1
2
3
4
5

5

3. 70

7
7

"

1
1

4
-

17
17

2
2

1
1

-

-

“

551
551

295
295

149
149

89
89

-

3
_

1
_
-

-

_
-

-

_

_
"

13
Table A-4. Custodial and M qterial Movement Occupations
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry d ivision , C hicago, 111. , A p ril 1961)
NUM BER OF WORKERS RE CE IVIN G STR AIG H T-TIM E HOURLY EARN INGS OF—

Occupation

1

Number
of
workers

and industry division

Elevator op era to rs, p assen ger
(men) _______,____ _________________________

1 ,3 2 8
1 ,3 0 7

S
Average Under S
1 . 0 0
1 .
hourly 2
earnings $
and
under
1 . 0 0
1 .
1 . 10

$ 2. 14
2. 14

-

10
10

S

2 0

1. 30

1. 40

54
54

7

r

2 0

S
$
$
s
$
$
$
$
1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 .

1

8

—

.

1 0

1. 50

1

. 60

1. 70

53
16
16 ~ 5 3 H

1

. 80

1. 90

24
6
24 ------ g~

1
1

2

.

0 0

2

4

.

S

E levator op era to rs, p assen ger
(women) ------------------------- -------------------------

2. 25

.

10

2 . 2 0

1 0

2

.

2 0

2. 30

2 .4 0

70
70
47
23

3

1 2

1

1 2

1043
1028

1 1

9

443
430

1 .4 1
1 .4 0
1. 32

-

1

-

1

2. 23
2 .2 9
2. 15
2 .4 4
2. 13

_
-

78
78

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

"

38
38

154
5
149

319

372
34
338

_

1 ,7 5 0
1 ,6 21

1 .9 1
1. 98
1. 84
2 . 1 0
1 . 8 8
1. 57
2. 23
1. 57

_
117
32

_
230
-

1. 69
. 82
1. 67
2 ! 0 1
1. 53
1 .4 5
1 .7 2
l! 53

15
15

Public u tilit ie s 3 ___________________
W h olesale trade ___________________
Retail trade
TTinflnrp ^
Services ____________________________

5 ,4 1 1
739
4 ,6 7 2
’ 288
97
273
3 ,0 5 0
964

-

38

L a b o r e rs, m a teria l handling ___________
Manufacturing _________________________
Nonmanufacturing _____________________
Public utilitie s 3 ___________________
W h olesale trade _______ _________
R etail trade — ____________________

2 1 ,5 0 1
8 ,9 9 1
1 2 ,5 1 0
5 ,4 9 7
4 ,0 9 6
2 ,7 8 3

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

23
13
30
50
19
11

Order fille r s _______________________________
Manufacturing _________________________
Nonmanufacturing
W holesale trade ____________________
R etail trade

6 ,8 9 0
2 ,4 9 2
4 ,3 9 8
3 ,0 9 7
1 ,2 0 9

.
2 .
2 .
2.
2 .

26
19
29
33
18

P a c k e r s, shipping (men) ____________
Manufacturing __
______
Nonmanufacturing

6 ,0 2 0
3 ,4 8 9
2, 531
1 , 994
464

2 . 08
2. 10
2. 04
2 . 08
L93

________________ _______

Guards ______________________________________
Manufacturing _________________________
Nonmanufacturing _____________________
Public utilities 3 ___________ ______
F in an ce 4 ____________________________
Jan itors, p o r te r s, and cleaners
(men) ___________________ _________________
Manufacturing _________________ __ __
Nonmanufacturing _____________________
PiiKlir ntilitipR ^
W h olesale trade ___________________
Retail trade _________________________
F in an ce 4 _____________________________
S ervices
J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners
(women) _____________ - _____________________
Mamifartn Ting

__

W h n le s a le tr a d e

Retail trade

_________________________

2 1 1

2 ,4 3 6
1 ,3 2 0
1 , 1 1 6
1 6 2

682

13 ,5 4 7
6 ,6 5 3
6 ,8 9 4
936
625
1 , 9 6 2

1

2 2

37
37
28

44
44
38

126
126

_
-

_
-

31
3
28

-

32
181
5
264

510
161
349
63
24
93
15
154

156
32
124

170
37
133

75
123

4
52

36
44

34
29
4

27
27
17

6

4

5

2

"

47
41

217
64
153

287
119
168

15

23

1 0 0

109

858
412
446

1457
684
773
58
78
486
18
133

987
520
467

851
629
2 2 2

252
124
1 28

3609
57
3552
45
13
25

2 2

8 8

1 2

1 2

2 6

2 1

298

10

6 8

114
214

39

117

128

39

117

1 1 6

1

2

1 2

7 34
252
482

7

38
195
13
193

19 8

2 0

51
165
13
218

2

-

7

19

32
34

15

_
_
-

29
-

29
27
2

"

-

-

-

~

_

_

-

“

-

-

“

-

162

129
57
72
5
50

134
56
78
4
52

242
171
71

216

227
135
92
31
51

304
107
197
24
131

274
208

460

795
573

2 0 0

2 2 2

1455
853
602
336
154

2707
735
1972

1 1 2

50
6
2 2

6 6 0

25
36

6 8

1 2

49

2 2 6

19

51

74

27
43
1522
154

150
113
37
15
-

114
33
81
79

140
24

91
91

!

39
56
8

1

1

2 2
16

1 2 2

94
7
78

939
800
139
31
27
1 1

70
"
25
24

277
159
118
50
5
44
18
1

1 1 0

74
36

6 1
6 0

6 6

1

58

-

1

274
257
17

1

25
3
2 2

2

_

6

6

1

2

6

1 6

2 0

2

3

2

3

2

64
59
5
3
-

2 0
2 0

-

_

_

_

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4
4

_
_
-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_
_

-

-

_
4
-

'

-

-

-

272

387

6 6

2 1 0

179
146
33
7
10
16

28
25
3
3

5
5
-

3
3
-

15
15
-

-

-

-

-

-

29
29
-

14
14
-

3
3
-

_
-

29
29
-

-

-

14
-

206
36
170

177
72
105

114
-

-

1

2

295
169
126
46
80

530
342
188
130
58

591
317
274
251
20

478
302
176
160
16

603
371
232
202
12

808
222
586
505
24

918
200
718
627
83

1062
111
951
874
75

209
102
107
101
6

305
36
269
22
247

165
8
157
2
155

49
49
-

151
56
95
81
14

122
31
91

328
163
165
59
76

263
134
129
72
48

409
260
149
97
45

479
408
71
58
13

527
369
158
108
49

366
316
50
31
18

455
228
227
151
75

782
445
337
314
23

696
317
379
376
3

552
208
344
341
3

403
230
173
118
55

59
41
18

41
40
1

14

;
i

_

1 1 6

212
68
144
63
77

5 3

1
1

_
_

201
45
156
44
112

!

-

2

291
32
259
44
215

2 1
1

1 0 2 2

18

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

28
28

17
17

25
25

45
45

21
21

29
29

18
18

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

"
'

!




-

67
24
43
26
17

175
60
115
108
7

_

-

28
19
9
9

3
3
3

-

-

12
98

96

_

-

over

2

458
172
392

-

-

-

35
77

-

3 .4 0

-

2790
471
2319
2190
54
75

1 1 2

3. 30

-

1443
421

194
75
119

217
105

96

1 1 1

3. 20

-

1935
301
1634
1384
117
133

207

3. 10

-

3306
1438
1868
618
1158
92

65
65
55

2 9 6 1

$
$
$
$
$
3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0
and

-

2053
483
1570
779
655
135

15
15

-

3. 00

1644
884
760
23
529
204

2 1

_
-

9 0

1399
955
444
1
281
162

31

_
-

10
1 2

3

3

10

-

2. 90

.

1 2

4

1 1 0

. 80

2

2308
1551
757
6
27 5
467

74

15

90
33

-

2

s

1635
780
855
15
575
229

58

-

1 1 2

2
15
15 ------ 2 ~

2. 70

. 80

925
619
306
9
99
166

97

21

2 0 2

. 60

2

455
327
128
7
16
72

79

-

2

18

2

$

508

1 2

32

2 1

39
29
60

32
96
74

2. 50_

2. 70

26
9

1

|

See footnotes at end of table,

1017

4

79
79
79

R etail trade

$
$
$
$
2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60

2

8

1 ,0 4 9

$

0 0

"
'

-

-

'

14
Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations-Continued
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis
by industry division, Chicago, 111. , A p ril 1961)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n

Number
of
workers

P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (w o m e n ) ____________
M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________
R e t a il t r a d e ________________________

1, 877
1, 285
592
523

R e c e iv in g c l e r k s ____ ______________ ______
M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________
W h o le s a le t r a d e
_
_ _
R e t a il tr a d e ________________________

1, 985
816
1, 169
515
4 14

Sh ippin g c l e r k s ________ ________, _________
M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________ ____________
N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _____ ________________
W h o le s a le tr a d e __________________
R e t a il t r a d e ________________________

S hipping and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s ________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________
W h o le s a le tra d e __________________
R e t a il tr a d e _______________________..

T r u c k d r iv e r s 5
_ ^__ _______ _
M a n u fa ctu r in g
_ ___ __ __ _ _
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________
P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 __________________
W h o le s a le tr a d e __________________
R e t a il tr a d e ________________________

1, 598
948
650
429
177

1, 035
466
549
301
172

$
$
$
$
$
$
S
U nder 1. 00 1 . 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0
hourly
earnings 2
and
$
under
1. 00
rl . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 1 .7 0

$ 1 .7 7
1 .8 3
1. 62
1 .6 1

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

37
36
38
39
30

48
53
41
53
14

45
45
44
60
16

045
807
238
579
795
638

2. 83
1 . 89
2. 83
2. 83
2. 84
2. 83

T r u c k d r iv e r s , lig h t (u n d e r
1XU to n s) ____________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _________________
P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 _______________

2, 117
1, 344
1, 100

2 . 82
2. 72
2 . 79

T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m ( l 1^ to and
in clu d in g 4 ton s) ___________ _________
M a n u fa ctu r in g _____________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________________
P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 _______________
W h o le s a le tr a d e _______________

4, 274
505
3, 769
2, 454
1, 027

2 .7 5
2. 71
2. 75
2. 74
2 .8 3

T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 ton s,
t r a i l e r ty p e) ___ *........... ..........................
M a n u fa ctu r in g _____________________
N on m a n u fa ctu n in g ________________
P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 _______________
W h o le s a le t ra d e _______________
R e t a il tr a d e ____ ________________

5, 602
413
5, 189
3, 433
609
1, 147

2 .9 1
2 .9 1
2 .9 1
2. 90
2. 99
2. 90

See footnotes at end of table.




14,
1,
12,
7,
2,
1,

$
$
1. 70 1 .8 0

$
1 .9 0

$
S
$
$
2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2 . 30

1. 80

1. 90

2 . 00

2 . 10

2 . 20

2. 30

2. 40

$
6
$
$
2 .5 0 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 . 80

2. 90

s
$
$
S
$
3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40

2. 40

2. 50

2 . 60

2. 70

2 . 80

2 . 90

3. 00

3. 10

3. 20

3. 30

3. 40

and
over

-

-

-

-

16
15
1
1

-

57
57
57

7
7
7

34
29
5
5

129
8o
49
37

354
264
150
118

239
173
66
66

167
55
112
110

389
284
105
105

247
236
11
9

74
51
23
9

79
74
5

2
2
-

9
7
2

74
74

-

9
9

6
6

-

-

1
1

_
-

.
-

_
-

_
-

24
12
12
2
9

39
5
34
12
20

36
22
14
1
12

187
129
58
27
27

113
70
43
6
34

128
36
92
44
48

177
119
58
22
34

222
43
179
106
66

193
63
130
112
10

380
55
325
99
17

195
102
93
79
13

141
130
11
5
6

98
8
90
90

6
4
2
2

4
2
2
2

-

-

17
17
15

1
1
-

"

7
7
7

_
-

-

1
1
1

-

-

-

84
28
56
13
43

71
43
21
22

82
46
36
36

46
35
11
5
6

379
*19
160
132
28

170
123
47
19
14

137
56
81
72
5

229
148
81
73
“

108
67
41
37
4

62
58
4
4

22
21
1
1
"

6
6
-

43
15
28
28

51
29
22
22

11
11
-

"

-

-

60
21
39
39

130
102
28
10
11

53
36
17
17

26
11
15
11

70
7
63
53
4

53
3
50
21
8

161
64
97
59
15

111
89
72
61
10

105
95
10
9

64
43
19
8
6

18
10
8
4
2

42
42
42
"

1
1
-

6
6
-

-

"

-

37
16
21
14
7

19

.

2
1
1
-

328

645
65
580
104
69
189

2269
394
1875
1183
461
231

1955
194
1761
1468
196
97

2915

304
53
242
5

66
3
63
20
43

2938

-

2778
2229
436
113

2795
1982
321
492

2375
819
1556
335
805
4 14

419
27
392
128
242
22

21
21
20
1

25
25
25
-

30
30
30
-

“

-

34
11
11

17
14
14

286
271
101

472
370
368

41
33
30

456
456
455

25
25
25

643
21
15

11
ll
5

21
21
20

25
25
25

30
30
30

1
1

44
1
43
39

5
5
1

244
27
217
2

1204
253
951
583
368

1322
115
1209
1083
86

958
66
892
735
139

272
32
240
240

93
12
81
74

131
131
13
118

-

-

"

481
31
450
199
70
181

276
42
234
180
10
44

992
86
906
896

251 4
83
2429
1866
71
492

1050
169
881
177
350
354

240
240

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

-

-

-

-

-

3

"

8
3
5

3
3

8

.

19

8
8

-

19
10
9

26
9
17
10
3

42
21
21
19

-

-

"
.
-

3

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

~

8

3
2
1

-

3
3

-

3

52
28
24
6

-

.

-

"

~
13

-

-

"

-

-

-

“

"

-

~

13
13

-

13
13

-

-

"

~

28

24

1

24
1
23
"

1
-

-

"

"

19
1
18

23
23
“

1
1

"

19
19
1

'

24

8

41

-

8
3

41
2

-

5

39

I 166

-

10

126

no

108
22

~

-

31
36
1
1
-

15
Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations-Continued
(A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry d ivision, C hicago, 111. , A p ril 1961)
NUM BER OF W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARN INGS OF—

Occupation

1

and industry division

Number
of

s
S
hourly , Jnder 1 . 0 0 1 .
and
earnings $
under
1 . 0 0
1 . 10
1 .

$
.

10

1

2 0

2 0

1. 30

$
s
1. 30 1 .4 0
1 .4 0

1. 50

$
$
$
$
$
$
1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 .

1

.

6 0

1. 70

1

. 80

1. 90

2

.

0 0

2

.

S

S

0 0

2

.

10

2

1 0

2

.

2 0

2. 30

.

2 0

$
2. 30
2 .4 0

2

. 40

2. 50

*-------- iS
2. 50 2 .

2

. 60

6 0

$
$
$
$
S
$
$
$
2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0
and

2. 70

2

. 80

2. 90

3. 00

3. 10

3. 20

287
256
146

486
482
130

61
58
48

589
573
143

37

480
381
99
58

223
199
24
24
-

13
S

9
9
-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

"

64
48

16
16
“

5
5
“

4
4
"

"

3. 30

3. 40

over

“

-

l
T ru ck d rivers: 5— Continued
T ru ck d rivers , heavy (over 4 tons ,
other than tra ile r type) --------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------Public utilities 3 ------------------------

T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) _______________
Manufacturing __________________________
Nonmanufacturing ____________ _________
Public utilities 3 ----------------------------W h olesale trade ___________________
R etail trade _________________________

T ru ck ers , power (other than
forklift) ___________________________________
Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________

Watchm en --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing __________ _____ — __
Nonmanufacturing ______ _____________
PuhUr
1itiPR ^
R etail trade _________________________

1
2
3
4
5

1 ,5 3 2
1 ,4 5 1
467

3 ,7 8 3
2 ,9 7 7

$

2
2
2

23
23

.90
. 90
.89

3

138
524
138

2 .4 4
2 .4 2
2. 51
2. 54
2. 50
2. 50

848
607
241

2 .4 0
2. 37
2 .4 7

-

3 ,9 6 8
952
3 ,0 1 6
99
318
2, 225

1. 58
1 . 8 6
1 .4 9
2. 30
l! 6 8
1 . 39

35
35

54
30
24

37
37

_
35

5
19

8 0 6

2
1

19

-

196
187
9

-

-

19
19

-

-

-

2 1
2 1

47
47

36
36

1

42
42

575
520
55
50
5

18
1 6
2

82
8

319
6 6

74

253

2 2

14

17

15

16

1868
16
1852

237
40
197

13
1829

37
96

2 0 6

2 0 1

156
50

127
74
3
34
13

10

See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s.




99
80
19

8

1 9 0

Data lim ited to m en w orkers except where otherw ise indicated.
Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts.
T ran sportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities.
F in ance, in suran ce, and real estate.
Includes all d rivers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated.

NO TE :

60
60
-

40

158
6 l
97
33
3

181
8 6

95
3
61
6

186
1 2 0
6 6

119
45
74

8

35
3

2

285
248
37
26
10

335
229
106
2 0

78
8

269
142
127
34
90
3

647
531
108
4

589
384
205
146
59

173
139
34

1 1 6

79
75
4

125
34
91

78
23
55

98
65
33

84
63

108

29
24
5
4

61
19
42
42

8 8

2 1

2 0

18

1 1

2

3

49
49

1 2

29

1 6

14
8
6

8

8

"

8
8

■

10

~

"

1
1

.

1

.

_

_

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

1

1

1




B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Table B-l. Shift Differentials
(Shift d iffe r e n tia ls of m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s by type and am ount of d iffe r e n tia l,

C hicago, 111. , A p r il 1961)

P e r c e n t of m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s—
In e sta b lish m e n ts having f o r m a l
p r o v isio n s 1 fo r ----

Shift d iffe r e n tia l

T h ird or other
sh ift w ork

Second sh ift
w ork

T otal

_________________________________________________

W ith sh ift pay d iffe r e n tia l

_______________________

A ctu a lly w orking on—

Second sh ift

88 . 3

78. 7

17. 7

T h ird or other
sh ift

5. 7

87. 2

77. 5

17. 4

5. 7

____________________

42 . 6

35 . 0

8. 4

2. 9

4 cen ts _______________________________________
5 cen ts _______________________________________
6 cen ts _______________________________________
7 or 71/ 2 cen ts ______________________________
8 cen ts _______________________________________
81/ 2 cen ts ____________________________________
9 cen ts _______________________________________
10 cen ts ______________________________________
11 cen ts ______________________________________
12 cen ts ______________________________________
I 2 V 2 cen ts __________________________________
13 cen ts ______________________________________
14 or 14 1/ 2 cen ts ___________________________
15 cen ts ______________________________________
O ver 15 cen ts _______________________________

.4
3. 6
2. 1
2. 4
6. 2
. 7
. 8
19. 3
. 2
1. 7
. 3
1. 0
.5
2. 0
1 .4

.4
.6

(2 )

.7
.3
7. 1
.2
9 .2
2. 7
1 .0
.7
10. 5
1 .8

. 1
.3
.6
.7
1 .7
.2
.2
3. 3

___________________________

36. 0

5 p erc en t ____________________________________
7 p erc en t _________________________________ _
! z p erc en t
_________________________________
10 p erc en t ___________________________________
121/ 2 p erc en t ________________________________
1 3 p erc en t ___________________________________
15 p erc en t ___________________________________

9. 3
-

U n iform cen ts (p er hour)

U n iform p ercen tage

-

-

25 . 9
.5
-

. 3

-

.2
( 2)
.2

(2)
.4
. 3
. 1
.2
.2

(2)
1 .7
. 3

32. 7

6. 4

2. 0

1 .4
. 5
1 .4
25. 9
.5
.2
2 .9

2. 3
4. 0
( 2)
. 1

. 1
(2)
. 3
1 .2
( 2)
.4

-

.2
. 3
. 1

F u ll d a y 's pay fo r redu ced h ou rs, plus
cen ts or p erc en ta g e d iffe r e n tia l __________

1. 8

3 .9

.6

.2

Other fo r m a l pay d iffe r e n tia l

_______________

6. 7

5. 9

2. 0

.6

__________________________

1. 2

1 .2

.4

(2)

N o sh ift pav d iffe r e n tia l

1 In clud es e sta b lish m e n ts cu rren tly op erating late sh ifts,
even though they w e r e not c u rren tly op erating late s h ifts.
2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t.

and

e sta b lish m e n ts with f o r m a l p r o v isio n s c overin g late sh ifts

17

Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers
(D istrib u tio n of e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tran ce sa la r y fo r s e le c te d c a te g o r ie s
of in ex p erien c ed w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s , C h icago, 111. , A p r il 1961)
In exp erien ced typ ists
M anufacturing
M in im u m w eekly s a l a r y 1

Other in ex p erien c ed c le r ic a l w o rk ers 2
N onm anufacturing

M anufacturing

B ased on standard w eekly h ours 3 of—

A ll
in d u strie s

A ll
sch edu les

37V 2

40

A ll
sch edu les

3 7 1/ 2

A ll
sch edu les

40

N onm anufacturing

B a sed on standard w eekly h ours 3 of—

A ll
in d u strie s

37l /2

40

A ll
sch e d u les

3 7 1/ 2

40

466

180

XXX

XXX

286

XXX

XXX

466

180

XXX

XXX

286

XXX

XXX

246

113

19

79

133

25

79

261

110

16

79

151

27

93

Under $ 4 0 . 00 _________ _________ _________________________________
$ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 42 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------$ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 . 00 __________________________________
$ 4 5 . 00 and under $ 4 7 . 50 ____________________________________
$ 4 7 . 50 and under $ 50. 00 ____________________________________
$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 ____________________________________
$ 52. 50 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 ____________________________________
$ 55. 00 and under $ 57. 50 ____________________________________
$ 57. 50 and under $ 6 0 . 00 ____________________________________
$ 60 . 00 and under $ 62 . 50 ____________________________________
$ 6 2 . 50 and under $ 6 5 . 00 ____________________________________
$ 6 5 . 0 0 and under $ 6 7 . 50 ____________________________________
$ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 _______________________________1____
$ 70 . 00 and under $ 72 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------$ 7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 ____________________________________
$ 7 5 .0 0 and under $ 7 7 . 5 0 ____________________________________
$ 7 7 . 50 and under $ 80. 00 ____________________________________
$ 80 . 00 and under j 82. 50 __________________ __________________
$ 82 . 50 and under $ 8 5. 00 ____________________________________
$ 8 5 .0 0 and under $ 87 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------$ 8 7 . 50 and under $ 90 . 00 ____________________________________
$ 9 0 . 00 and under $ 9 2 . 50 ____________________________________
O ver $ 9 2 .5 0 ____________________________________________________

2
1
1
1
19
14
46
28

_
1
1
7
11
5
15
6

2
1
1
14
7
31
17
24
10

7

7

4

_
1
1
8
6
17
16
14
9
9
2

11
1
6
1
1
1
7
2

7
4

7

_
_
2
5
3
1
2
1
1
_
1
_
_

2
2
1
5
6
23
16
31
15
18
5
8
3
_
3
6
2
1
2
1
1

_
_
_
3
6
8
3
3
1
3
_
_
_
_
_

_
2
1
4
4
15
8
17
3
13
2
5
3
_
3
6
2
1
2
1
1

-

3
2
3
1
1
1
4
_
1
2
1

2
2
1
6
7
31
22
48
31
32
14
17
5

13
4

2
8
1

_
_
2
1
7
4
5
3
3
_
_
_
_

_
1
1
4
6
12
6
11

7

_
2
3
4
3
3
1
2
1
_
-

_

22
15

_
1
5
7
15
11
20
12
8

E sta b lish m e n ts having no sp ec ified m in im u m ------------------------

101

43

XXX

XXX

E sta b lish m e n ts which did not e m p loy w o rk ers
in this c a te g o r y __________________________________________________

119

24

XXX

XXX

E sta b lish m e n ts studied

___________________________________________

E sta b lish m e n ts having a sp ec ified m in im u m

________________

44

7

2
2
5
7

1
4
1

-

4

1
1
7

2

-

1
1
10
3
19
4
16
4
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
4
1
2
1

58

XXX

XXX

112

95

XXX

XXX

93

_

_

1
6
1
4
_
1
1
8
1

-

_

-

_
_

-

1

-

-

-

46

XXX

XXX

66

XXX

XXX

24

XXX

XXX

69

XXX

XXX

12
3
2
3
9
2
1

1
6
1
1
1
8
1
1

L o w e st sa la r y rate fo r m a lly e sta b lish e d fo r h irin g in exp erien ced w o rk ers for typing or other c le r ic a l jo b s .
R ates ap plicab le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , or s im ila r su b c le r ic a l job s are not c o n sid e r e d .
H ours r e fle c t the w orkw eek for w hich e m p lo y ee s r e c e iv e th eir r eg u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s .
Data are p resen ted for a ll w orkw eeks com b ined,
NOTE:

See note on p. 1 8 , re la tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s .




7
7

_

and fo r the m o st co m m o n w orkw eeks rep orted .

18

Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of office and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by schedu led w ee k ly hours
of f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , C h ic a g o , 111. , A p r il 1.961)
OFFICE WORKERS
W e e k ly h o u r s

A ll w o r k e r s

All
industries

_______________________________________________

U n d e r 35 h o u r s
________________________________________
35 hour s
__________________________________________________
36 h o u r s
__________________________________________________
3 6 1/* h o u r s
_______________________________________________
O v e r 3 6 l U a n d u n d e r 37 V 2 h o u r s ________________
3 7 V 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 7 V 2 a n d u n d e r 3 8 3 /4 h o u r s
------------------------3 8 3 /4 h o u r s
_______________________________________________
O v e r 3 8 3 4 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ____________________
4 0 h o u r s ___________________________________________________
O v e r 40 and u n d er 45 h o u rs
________________________
4 5 h o u r s ___________________________________________________
4 6 h o u r s ___________________________________________________
4 8 h o u r s ________________ ________________________________
O ver 48 h ou rs
__________________________________________

1
2
3
4

Manufacturing

Public 1
utilities

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade

Finance2

Services

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

6

6
-

2
-

3

1
-

10

-

15
3
6
29
5
8
-

28

32

(4 )
5
1
17
3
9

2
1
21
-

(4 )
58

(4 )
55

(4 )

-

15

-

-

(4 )

(4 )

3
1
1
94
-

17
-

8
-

(4 )
17
3
23
10

7
2
68
2
-

-

9

(4 )
1
-

(4 )

90
1
-

-

AU
3
industries

Manufacturing

100

100

1
2
1
3
-

1
3
2
5
-

2

3

(4 )
(4 )
84
3
1

-

(4 )
-

-

-

-

-

(4 )

-

-

-

1

3
1

Public j
utilities

100

Wholesale
trade

100

4
-

(4 )
-




100

2
-

2
2
_

1
-

(4 )

(4 )

-

-

-

-

84

97

85

77

-

3

12

3
-

1
2

8

(4 )
1
1
1

-

E stim a te s for a ll in d u strie s and public u tilitie s include data for r a ilr o a d s (SIC 4 0 ) , om itted fr o m the scope of a ll lab or m a rk et
w age su rv e y s m ad e b e fo r e July 1959.
W h ere sig n ific a n t, the effe ct of the in clu sion of r a ilr o a d s is g r e a te st on the data shown
s e p a r a te ly for the public u tilitie s d iv isio n .

3

Service*

100

-

T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilitie s .
F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te .
Includes data for r e a l estate in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t.

NOTE:

Retail trade

1

1
(4 )
70

8
1
12
4

19

Table B-4. Paid Holidays
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of office and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in industry d iv isio n s by num ber of paid holid ays
p rovided annually, C h icago, 111. , A p r il 1961)
OFFICE WORKERS
Item

A ll w o r k e r s

..

.

_ ...

All
industries

........

...

.

W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
p a id h o lid a y s
....
_____
. .
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
n o p a id h o lid a y s
__________________ __________________

N um ber
L
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7

of

Manufacturing

Public
utilities1

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade

Finance 2

Services

AU ,3
industries'

6 h o lid a y s
.................. ..............................
________________ _______ ________ ____________ ___
p lu s 1 h a lf d a y _
p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s
_____________ ___________
________________________
p lu s 3 h a lf d a y s
________________________
p lu s 4 h a lf d a y s
________________________________________________
p lu s 1 h a lf d a y
_
. . ..
p lu s 2 h a lf d a y s
p lu s 3 h a lf d a y s
h olid ays plus 4 h alf d ays
_ .

8 h olid ays ___________________________________________
8 h olid ays plus 1 h alf day
_ _____________________
8 h olid ays plus 2 h alf d ays
______________________
9 holid ays
___________________________________________
1 0 h olid ays _______ ___________________________________
_______________ ______
1 0 h olid ays plus 1 h alf day
11 h olid ays __________________________________________
11 h olid ays plus 1 h a lf day ______________________
11 h olid ays plus 2 h alf d ays _____________________

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade

Services

100

10 0

10 0

100

100

100

100

10 0

100

100

100

100

100

99

99

100

100

10 0

100

99

98

99

100

100

98

92

(4)

(4 )

-

-

-

2

1

-

2

8

(4)
25
4
8

_

_

_

_

_

26
6
15

5
1
4

3
35
3
12

1
23
4
17

4
70

23
63

-

49
3
1
1

10
3

-

39
1
13
1

(4)

1
53

-

-

20
4
1

45

(4)
29
3
2

30
5

(4)

-

2

( 4)

-

-

9
1
1
5

9
1
1
7

21

16

-

3

(4 )
(4 )

-

-

8
2
1

(4)

-

12

-

-

_
1

-

-

"

"

3

______________________ _____ _____ ____ ________
I I V 2 or m o r e days _______________________________
11 or m o r e days
_ ...
I O V 2 or m o r e d ays
_______________________________
1 0 or m o r e days ___________________________________
9 or m o r e days
____________________________ _____
8 V 2 or m o r e days _________________________________
8 or m o r e d ays
____________________________________
7 * /z or m o r e days _____________________ _____ _____ _
7 or m o r e days
____________________________________
b x ! z or m o r e days
_________________________________
6 or m o r e days
................................ ..................................
5 or m o r e days
_ ...... _
. . .
..........
4 or m o r e days
.
.
. . ... ......... .
3 or m o r e days
_ ...
. ... _
. . .
1 or m o r e days
..... .
... ..
.

1
55
3
2

-

-

13
5
7

16

1
5
5
2
4

(4 )
(4)

31
1

37
2

(4)

(4)

43

-

-

5

9

10

20

-

-

4

(4 )

-

-

3

3

14

(4 )
( 4)
(4)

4

-

(4 )
1

-

-

-

1
41
2
27
3

(4)

-

-

8
1
3

23

13

( 4)

1

(4)

(4 )
-

-

(4)
3

1
1
(4)

_
.
_
(4 )
-

i

1
2
10
10
10
17
19
31
34
71
74
99
99
99
99
99

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

3
3
3
6
6
22
27
60
61
100
100
100
100
100

-

-

-

7
8
17
23
67
73
99
99
99
99
99

12
14
36
36
94
95
100
100
100
100
100

1
1
1
1
1
2
48
51
100
100
100
100
100

3
10
44
44
44
51
57
69
74
87
90
100
100
100
100
100

_

4
4
4
4
8
9
24
24
42
44
99
99
99
99
99

1 T r an sp ortation , com m u nication, and other public u tilitie s .
2 F in ance, in su ra n ce , and re a l e sta te .
3 In clud es data fo r r e a l esta te in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly .
4 L e s s than 0 . 5 p erc en t.
5 A ll com b ination s of full and h alf d ays that add to the sam e amount are com b in ed; fo r ex am p le, the p rop ortion of w o r k e r s
no h alf d a y s, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf d ays, 5 fu ll d ays and 4 h a lf d a y s, and so on.
P ro p o rtio n s w e r e then cum u lated.
See note on p. 1 8 ,

-

-

(4 )
(4 )

-

34
7
3

( 4)

24

-

(4)
10

-

Total holiday time5
1 2 days




Public .
utilities *

d a ys

e s s th a n
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s
h o lid a y s

NOTE;

Manufacturing

r ela tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s .

_

_

_

_

-

-

_

_

_

(4 )
(4)

1

_

_

1

_

(4)
(4 )
(4)

1
4
4
13
15
58
61
96
96
98
98
98

1
3
3
13
16
70
74
98
98
99
99
99

_

14
14
34
34
76
76
100
100
100
100
100

1
1
18
22
56
58
99
99
99
100
100

(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
1
1
24
24
94
94
94
95
98

.
_
(4 )
(4 )
(4)
(4 )
(4 )
1
2
6
6
69
69
92
92
92

rec eiv in g a total of 7 days in clu d es those w ith 7 full days and

20

Table B-5. Paid Vacations
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by v acatio n pay
p r o v is io n s , C h icago, 111. , A p r il 1961)
OFFICE WORKERS

V acation p o lic y

A ll w o rk ers

All
industries

Manufacturing

Public
utilities 1

100

100

99

100

99

99

-

(4)
-

-

(4 )

(4 )

-

100

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS

Retail trade

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

95

-

5
-

-

-

Finance 2

100

Services

All
industries3

Manufacturing

Public
utilities1

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade

Services

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

99

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

99
-

100
_

90

86

95

94

9
_

100
_
_

93

7

7
_

4

4

4

-

-

Method of payment
W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p roviding
paid v a catio n s _________________________
L e n g t h -o f-tim e paym ent ___________
P erc en ta g e paym ent _______________
F la t -s u m paym ent __________________
O ther __________________________________
W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p roviding
no paid vacatio n s _____________________

1

(4)

-

-

(4)
3

(4 )

“

~

1
2
“

“

'

Amount of vacation p ay5
A fte r 6 m onths of se r v ic e
Under 1 w eek _____________
1 w eek ______________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks
2 w eeks _____________________

5
47

10
52

9
4

5

27
-

1
44

1
22

14

3

'

'

9
'

2
63
23
5

11
56

17
12

6

4

10
5

-

~

~

79
1
15

26
4

_

6

2

4

21

25

9

6

(4)

-

-

A fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e
1 w eek ______________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks
2 w eeks _____________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks
3 w eeks _____________________

25
1
72
(4)
2

17
2
77
5

50

21

75

50

75

-

2
-

27
-

25

98

-

4

73
-

(4)

-

"

1
4

81

77
_

62

73

85

2
9
1

23
-

36

27

15

7

■

_

2

_

_

(4)
-

'

A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek ______________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks
2 w eeks _____________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks
3 w eeks _____________________

2

3

6

(4 )
88

88
1

-

3

9

7
39
55
-

3
2
91
4

1
99

(4)

1
-

41

33

26

-

6

5

21

4

99
-

97
2

48

34

68

1

1

46
_

4

7

_

52

2

11

28

88

66

6

(4)

"

-

A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e
1 w eek ______________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks
2 w eeks _____________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks
3 w eeks _____________________

(4 )

1
88

-

2

1
-

94

100

93

99

1

1

-

4

5

10

88

84

4

4

99
-

8

13

1

1

(4 )

8

10

-

_

12

99
-

83

19
60

2

74
2

'

"

15

4

7

2
89
4

97
-

89
8

68
2

87

3
82

7

3

3

29

1

A fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e
1 week ______________________
2 w eeks _____________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks
3 w eeks _____________________

See footnotes at end of tab le.




(4 )

3

8

3

4
11

_
100
_

5
6

6
_

_

87

94

99

2

(4 )
1

-

99
_

1

96

2
2

89

_

11

97

_
3

21
Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of offic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by vacatio n pay
p r o v is io n s , C h ic a g o , 111. , A p r il 1961)
OFFICE WORKERS
V acation p o lic y

A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n

All
industries

Manufacturing

Public .
utilities 1

Wholesale

PLANT WORKERS
Retail trade

Finance2

Services

Al! 3
industries

Manufacturing

Public j
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade

Services

p a y 5 --------C o n t in u e d

A fte r 10 y e a r s of s e r v ic e

1 w eek ________________________________________________
2 w eeks
_
_
__ _ _________ ______ _____
O ve r 2 and under 3 w eeks -----------------------------------3 w eeks _______________________________________________
O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks ________________________
4 w eeks _______________________________________________

_

_

_

_

_

.

_

44
8
46

41
8
47
4

71
14
15
-

48
4
44
3

31
68

32
12
55
-

53
44

2
43
15
40

3
36
21
40

(4 )
3

(4 )
(4 )

(4 )
(4 )

2
13
1
81
3
1
"

3
7
1
87
3

2
11
1
68
2
15
2

3
5
1
77
3
11
(4 )

2
11
1
46
5
34
2

3

(4 )
2

-

(4 )

-

.

.

.

.

74
14
12
-

51
8
41
1

30
69
(4 )

87
13
-

A fte r 15 y e a r s of s e r v ic e

1 w eek ______________________ _______________________
2 w eeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ________________ ____ '___
3 w eeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ________________________
4 w eeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 w eeks _______________________________________

_

.

9
1
85
2
3

9
2
85

(4 )

-

“

8
(4 )
72
1
17
2

8
73
1
17

(4 )

(4 )
4

(4 )
88
11
1

.

.

_

.

18
3
76
3
-

9
-

3
93
2
2

35

91
(4 )

-

55
9
(4 )

-

-

6
65
(4 )
29

3
84
2
10

34
56

3

32
50
17

(4 )

.

.

_

_

85
14
1

15
82
4

15
84

82
11
7

-

-

-

-

13

79

(4 )

A fte r 20 y e a r s of s e r v ic e

1 w eek ________________ _______________________________
2 w eeks _______________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ________________________
3 w eeks _______________________________________________
O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ________________________
4 w eeks _______________________________________________
O ver 4 w eeks _____________ _______________________

77
2
9
11

17
3
50
-

30

(4 )
9
(4 )

-

15
-

-

65
21
14

51
1
34

63

61
25
14

15
_
35
1
49

13
_
40
48

(4 )
24

-

14
1
7

A fte r 25 y e a r s of s e r v ic e

1 w eek ________________________________________________
2 w eeks ______________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ________________________
3 w eeks _______________________________________________
O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ________________________
4 w eeks _______________________________________________
O ver 4 w eeks _______________________________________

1
2
3
4
5
include

_

8
42
2
45
2

.

_

8
38

(4 )

3

51
(4 )

52
1
36
11

.
17
31
3

49

6
17
77
(4 )

59
2
33
3

(4 )

T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c om m u n ic ation , and ether public u tilitie s .
F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te .
Includes data for r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv ision s shown se p a r a te ly .
L e s s than 0. 5 p ercen t.
P e r io d s of se r v ic e w ere a r b itr a r ily ch osen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e s s io n s .
changes in p r o v isio n s o c cu r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s .

F o r e x a m p le ,

5
1
48
9
34
1

17
9

(4 )

the changes in p roportion s indicated at 10 y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e

N O T E : See note on p. 18, re la tiv e to the in clu sion of r a ilr o a d s .
In the tabulations of vacatio n a llo w a n ces by y e a rs of s e r v ic e , paym ents other than "len g th of t im e "
annual ea rn ings or f la t -s u m p a y m e n ts, w ere con verted to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; for e x a m p le , a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual earn ings w as con sid ere d as 1 w e e k ’s pay.




74
_

such as p ercen tage of

22

Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans
(P e r c e n t of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s em ployed in esta b lish m en ts p roviding
h ealth, in su ra n ce , or p en sion b e n e fits, C h icago, 111. , A p r il 1961)
OFFICE WORKERS

Type of b en efit

A ll w o r k e r s

All
industries

_________________________________________

Manufacturing

Public .
utilities1

Wholesale
trade

PLANT WORKERS

Retail trade

Finance 2

Services

All
industries'5

Manufacturing

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

96

99

96

90

92

99

83

94

54

60

42

68

46

48

52

57

81

85

84

83

94

70

67

88

44

63

21

48

36

32

35

73

48

44

58

67

7

59

48

8

12

6

23

1

58

2

5

14

87
85
65
60
74

88

74
73
71

91
90
74
49
77

89
89
74
69

83
74
56
41
57

90
89
63
30
61

8

1

94
94
62
23
65
1

100

Public ,
utilities1

Wholesale
trade

Retail trade

Services

100

100

98

99

91

84

82

65

48

62

42

44

96

72

78

82

77

87

39

55

49

73

3

29

36

3

13

9

22

3

40

1

80
80
75
73
65

91
89
72
31
63
3

85
78
47
36
62
2

91
89
84
18
25
7

100

100

W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts providing:
L ife in su ran ce ---------------------------------------------------A cc id e n ta l death and d ism e m b e r m e n t
in su ran ce ---------------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce or
s ic k le a v e or b o th 4 __________________________
S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce ________
Sick le a v e (full pay and no
w aiting period) -----------------------------------------S ick le a v e (p a rtia l pay or
waiting period) ____________________________
H o sp ita liza tio n in su ran ce ____________________
S u rg ic a l in su ran ce _____________________________
M e d ic a l in su ran ce ______________________________
C ata strop h e in su ran ce ________________________
R e tire m e n t pen sion ____________________________
No health, in su ra n ce , or pen sion plan ____

1

88

65
47
72
( 5)

88

59
(5)

1

92
89
32
69
77
( 5)

88

( 5)

1 T ran sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s .
2 F in a n c e, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te .
3 Includes data fo r r e a l estate in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly .
4 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s rec e iv in g sic k le a v e or sic k n e ss and accid en t in su ran ce shown sep a r a te ly b elo w .
S ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ite d to those
the m in im u m num ber o f days* pay that can be expected by each em p lo y e e . In fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n c es d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is are exclu d ed .
5 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t.
NOTE:

See note on p. 18,




rela tiv e to the in clu sio n of r a ilr o a d s .

which d efin itely e sta b lish at le a st

23

A ppendix:

Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its
field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll
titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is
essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content.
Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the
Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those
prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are
instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers,
part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
O F F IC E

BILLER, MACHINE

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as
to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental
to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are
cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s:

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott
Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without
a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Biller , machine (billing machine)— Uses a special billing ma­
chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in­
voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders,
shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede­
termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary
extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma­
chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of*
the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’
bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in­
volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec­
ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number
of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically
the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book­
keeping.
Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and
credit slips.




Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f
and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with
the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines
proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used
in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance
sheets, and other records by hand.
Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections of
a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book­
keeping*
Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll,
customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described
under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in­
ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A— Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account­
ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com ­
plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish­
ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing
subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts

24

CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued
payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c ­
counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making
proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad­
justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting
clerks.

Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c­
counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c ­
counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled
by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This
job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping
principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accountingwork is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, PAYROLL
Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces­
sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers*
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data
on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May
make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut­
ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema­
tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis­
tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp­
tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance
of other duties.

CLERK, FILE

Class A — In an established filing system containing a num­
ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres­
pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep
records of various types in conjunction with files or may super­
vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per­
form incidental clerical duties.
Class B— Performs routine filing, usually of material that has
already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates
or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental
clerica l duties.

CLERK, ORDER
R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail,
phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following:
Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items
to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order
sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled .
May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer,
acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see
that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipnin? invoices with original orders.




DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)
Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­
b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter,
using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such
as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to
prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto
masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si­
b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by
punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using
an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in­
formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de­
vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify
own work or work of others.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op­
erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and
distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work.

25

SECRETARY
Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad­
ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments
for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making
phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and
writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where
transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or
similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information
reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or
memorandums for information of superior.
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor­
mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter.
May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or­
der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine
work (see transcribing-machine operator).
STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied
technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on
scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May
also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order,
keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls .
May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per­
sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers
who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si­
tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type
or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing
or clerica l work may take the major part of this worker's time while at
switchboard.




TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c­
counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu­
lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com­
plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs
difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating
assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re­
ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring
some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more
experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera­
tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring
from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports.
Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine
operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of
a group of tabulating-machine operators.
Class B— Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c­
counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition
to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under
sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir­
ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu­
lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but
small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report.
Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where
the procedures are well established. May also include the training
of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.
Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account­
ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc.,
with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams
and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a
work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re­
petitive operations.
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine
vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written
copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in­
volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs
or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes
dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified
as a stenographer, general.

26

TYPIST— Continued

TYPIST
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make
out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in­
clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat­
ing processes. May do clerica l work involving little sp ecia l training,
such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting
and distributing incoming mail.

Class A— Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma­
terial in final form when it involves combining material from several
sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc-

tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma­
terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables
to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine
form letters varying details to suit circum stances.

Class B— Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing
from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p o licie s,
e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com­
plex tables already set up and spaced properly.

P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L
DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR
(Assistant draftsman)
Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts­
man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes.
Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings
from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction
of a draftsman.
DRAFTSMAN, LEADER
Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep­
aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary
sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties
involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches,
and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning
duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif­
ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a
regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad­
ministrative nature.
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR
Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough
or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur­
p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work­
ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use
of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those




DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued
involved in strength o f materials, beams and trusses; verifying com­
pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities;
writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or
specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare
detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently
in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or
structural drafting.
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the
premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina­
tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to
subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records o f patients
treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes;
conducting physical examinations and health evaluations o f applicants
and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health
education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other
activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.
TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac­
ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p encil. Uses
T-square, com pass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw­
ings and do simple lettering.

27

M A IN T E N A N C E

D PO W ERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main­
tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs,
counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim
made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following:
Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or
verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable
power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop
computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec­
essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety
valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis­
tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety
of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards,
controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems,
or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay­
out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c ­
trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to
load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of
electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen­
eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation
of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup­
ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera­
tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining
equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors
turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and
boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of
operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also
supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments

employing more than one engineer are excluded .




HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE
A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping
a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma­
chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools;
performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of
work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In
some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma­
terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per­
mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade
that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis.
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes,
or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges,
jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring
complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre­
cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op­
eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to
achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog­
nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper
coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study
purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops
are excluded from this classification .
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of
metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and
specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma­
ch inist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and

28

MACHINIST, MAINTEN A.^ C E — Continued

MILLWRIGHT— Continued

operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work,
tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop­
erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and
equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me­
chanical equipment. In general, the m achinists work normally requires
a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying
out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a
variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re­
lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts
to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission
equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill­
wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the
trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s ­
tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and
performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective partSL_irom stock; grinding and adjusting
valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle
and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and
lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive
mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment.
Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan­
ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is ­
mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of
handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective
parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace­
ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop
for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or
for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma­
chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general,
the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex­
perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers
whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.
MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout




OILER
Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur­
faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.
PAINTER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es­
tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu­
liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing
surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in
nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May
mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper
color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and
pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following:
Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings
or other written specification s; cutting various size s of pipe to correct
lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma­
chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven
or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening
pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures,
flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the
maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex­
perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building
sanitation or heating systems are excluded .

29

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of
vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and
fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In
general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv­
alent training and experience.
SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an
establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay­
ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models,
or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of
sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting,
bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance
sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker* fixture maker; gauge maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix­
tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work
involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from
models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s;
using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas­
uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common
metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related
equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions
o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal
parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve
required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling
o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate
materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's
work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.
For cross “industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion .

C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T
ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued

Transports passengers between floors of an office building,
apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment.
Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as
those of starters and janitors are excluded.

or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following:
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips,
trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish­
ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte­
nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers
who specialize in window washing are excluded.

GUARD
Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,
maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate-

men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and
other persons entering.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
and washrooms, or premises of an o ffice , apartment house, or commercial




LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman 6r stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store,
or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow­
ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or

30

L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D L IN G — Continued

from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv­
ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans­
porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow.
L o n g sh o rem en , w ho load and unload s h ip s are e x c lu d e d .

SH IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — C ontinued

For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s:
R e c e i v i n g clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and r e c e iv in g clerk

ORDER F IL L E R
T R U C K D R IV E R

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers'
orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi­
cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi­
tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform
other related duties.

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma­
terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab­
lishments such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,
wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments
and customers’ houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload
truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep
truck in good working order. D r iv e r -s a le s m e n and o v e r -th e -r o a d d rivers
are ex c lu d e d .

P A C K E R , S H IP P IN G

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being
dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the
type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the
placing of items in shipping containers and m ay in v o lv e on e or more o f
the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify
content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting
enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent
breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or
entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ake w ood en
b o x e s or c ra tes are e x c lu d e d .
SH IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon­
sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping
work i n v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes,
available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the
goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping
charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in
preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv i n g w ork i n v o l v e s : Veri­
fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against
bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and
rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de­
partments; maintaining necessary records and file s.




For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size
and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on
the basis o f trailer capacity.)
Tru ckdriver (com bin a tion o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a te ly )
Truckdriver, ligh t (under l l/ 2 t o n s )
Truckdriver, medium (1V2 to and in clu din g 4 to n s)
Truckdriver, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s, trailer t y p e )
Truckdriver, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s, oth er than trailer t y p e )
T R U C K E R , POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a
warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of
truck, as follow s:
Trucker, p o w e r (fo rk lift)
Tru cker, p o w e r (o th er than fo rk lift)
W A TC H M AN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illegal entry.
■fc U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1 9 6 1

O — 601094