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Occupational Wage Survey CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA a APRIL 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-57 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU O F LABO R STA TISTICS Ewan C la gu e , Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA A PR IL 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-57 June 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR W . W illard W irtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 204 0 2 - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is de signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and e s tablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for metropolitan area labor markets, for economic regions, and for the United States. A major consideration in the program is the need for greater insight into (a) the move ment of wages by occupational category and skill level, and (b) the structure and level of wages among labor markets and industry divisions. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends for selected occupational groups--------------------------------------Tables: 1. 2. A: A preliminary report and an individual area bul letin present survey results for each labor market studied. After completion of all of the individual area bulletins for a round of surveys, a two-part summary bulletin is issued. The first part brings data for each of the labor markets studied into one bulletin. The second part presents in formation which has been projected from individual labor market data to relate to economic regions and the United States. B: Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the program. Information on occupational earnings is collected annually in each area. Information on establish ment practices and supplementary wage provisions is ob tained biennially in most of the areas. This bulletin presents results of the survey in Charleston, W , Va. , in April 1964. It was prepared in the Bureau’s regional office in Cleveland, Ohio, by Adrien D. Picard, under the direction of Elliott A. Browar, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied-----------------------------------------------------------------Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of change for selected periods---------------------------Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations—men and women________________________ A - 2. Professional and technical occupations— men and women----------- --------------- ---------------------------------A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women combined_________________________________ A - 4. Maintenance and power plant occupations_____________-____ A - 5. Custodial and material movement occupations------------------ 3 5 6 7 8 9 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B - l . Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers____ B-2. Shift differentials------------------------------------ ------------------------B-3. Scheduled weekly hours_____________________________ ___ _____ 10 11 12 B-6. B-7. Health, insurance, and pension plans-----------------------------Paid sick leave---------------------------------------------------------- *____ 16 17 Occupational descriptions--------------------------------------------------- 19 Appendix: * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other areas. (See inside back cover.) Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels in the Charleston area, are also available for seven selected building trades. Hi 3 Occupational Wage Survey—Charleston, W. Va. Introduction as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employ ment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabu lations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed may be due to such factors as (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among in dustries and establishments; (2) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis; and (3) differences in specific duties performed, although the occu pations are appropriately classified within the same survey job de scription. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments. This allows for minor differences among establish ments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. E s timates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differ ences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material move ment. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A -series tables because either (1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or (2) there is possi bility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they relate to office and plant workers. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction workers who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. "Office workers" include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions. "Plant w orkers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) en gaged in nonoffice functions. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, Minimum entrance salaries (table B - l ) relate only to the es tablishments visited. They are presented in terms of establishments with formal minimum entrance salary policies. 1 2 Shift differential data (table B-2) are limited to plant workers in manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment policy,1 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification "other" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. The scheduled weekly hours (table B-3) of a majority of the first-shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B-4 through B-7) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B-2 through B-7 may not equal totals because of rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B-4) are limited to data on holidays granted annually on a formal basis; i. e. , (1) are provided for in written form, or (2) have been established by custom. Holidays ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a non workday, even if the worker is not granted another day off. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and half holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to formal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts* However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, payments not on a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. A n establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1 ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2 ) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1 ) had operated late shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2 ) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B-6 and B-7) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,2 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans 3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m ercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the w orker's life. 2 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 T a b le 1. Establishm ents and w o rk ers w ithin scope of su rvey and number studied in Ch arleston , W. V a .; Minimum em ploym ent in esta b lish ments in scope of study In du stry d ivis io n W o rk ers in establishm ents Num ber o f establishm ents W ithin scope o f stu dy3 Studied W ithin scope o f study Studied T o t a l4 O ffic e Plan t T o t a l4 116 65 32,800 5, 500 20, 200 28. 350 50 31 85 23 42 19, 000 13, 800 2, 600 2, 900 12,600 7, 600 18,340 10, 010 50 50 50 50 50 20 17 32 8 8 16 5 13 3 5 6, 400 1, 400 4, 600 800 600 1, 500 A l l d iv is io n s ------------------------------------------------------------------ T ra n sp o rta tion , com m unication, and other j r iiti HtiPfi ® . .. _ by m a jo r in du stry division , 2 A p r il 1964 2, 600 (‘ ) ( ) (!) ( 6> 1 ( > 0 0 ( 6) 5, 960 440 2, 790 320 500 1 Th e C h a rlesto n Standard M etrop o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a consists o f Kanawha County. The " w o r k e r s w ithin scope of study" estim ates shown in this table p rovid e a reason a bly accurate d es crip tio n o f the s iz e and co m p o sitio n of the labor fo r c e included in the su rvey. The estim ates a re not intended, h ow ever, to s e r v e as a ba sis of com pa rison w ith other em ploym ent indexes fo r the a re a to m easu re em ploym en t trends or le v e ls since (1) planning of w age su rveys re q u ire s the use of establish m ent data com piled co n sid era b ly in advance of the p a y r o ll p erio d studied, and (2) sm a ll esta blish m en ts a re exclu ded fr o m the scope o f the su rvey. 2 Th e 1957 r e v is e d ed itio n o f the Standard Indu strial C la s s ific a tio n Manualw as used in cla s s ify in g establishm ents b y in du stry division . 3 Includes a ll esta blish m en ts w ith total em ploym ent at or above the m inim um lim ita tion . A l l outlets (w ithin the a rea ) of com panies in such in du stries as tra d e, finance, auto re p a ir serv ic e , and m otion p ictu re th eaters a re co n sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes ex ecu tive, p r o fe s s io n a l, and other w o rk e rs excluded fr o m the sep arate o ffic e and plant c a teg o rie s. 5 T a x ica b s and s e r v ic e s in ciden tal to w a ter transportation w e re excluded. 6 T h is in du stry d iv is io n is re p res en ted in estim ates fo r " a l l in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S e rie s A tables, and fo r " a l l in d u stries" in the S e rie s B tables. Separate presentation of data fo r this d iv is io n is not m ade fo r one or m o re of the fo llo w in g reason s: (1) Em ploym en t in the d ivis io n is too sm a ll to p rovid e enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sample w as not design ed in itia lly to p e r m it separate presentation, (3) resp o n se was in su fficien t or inadequate to p e rm it sep arate presen tation, and (4) th ere is p o s s ib ility of d isc losu re of individual establish m en t data. 7 W o rk e rs fr o m this en tire in du stry d ivis ion a re rep res en ted in estim ates fo r " a l l in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S e rie s A tables, but fr o m the r e a l estate p ortion only in estim a tes fo r " a l l in d u stries" in the S erie s B tables. Separate presen tation of data fo r this d ivis io n is not m ade fo r one or m o re o f the reason s g iv en in footnote 6 above. 8 H o te ls; p erso n a l s e r v ic e s ; business s e r v ic e s ; automobile re p a ir shops; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m e m bersh ip orga n ization s; and en gin eerin g and a rch itectu ra l s e r v ic e s . T a ble 2. Indexes o f standard w eek ly s a la rie s and stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs fo r sele cted occupational groups, and percen ts o f change 1 fo r s ele cted p eriod s, C h arleston , W. Va. Index (A p r il 1961*100) Industry and occupational group A p r il 1964 P e r c e n ts o f change A p r il 1963 to A p r il 1964 1 A p r il 1962 to A p r il 1963 A p r il 1961 to A p r il 1962 A p r il 1960 to A p r il 1961 A l l in d u stries: O ffic e c le r ic a l (m en and w o m e n )___________ In d u stria l nurses (m en and women) ____ S k illed maintenance (m en )______ ____________ U nsk illed plant (m en) _ _____ ___ __ 109.9 107.6 106.3 105.8 2.6 .4 2.6 2—.2 2.1 4.6 2.6 3.0 4.9 2.4 1.0 2.9 0.3 3.9 3.3 2.2 M an ufactu ring: O ffic e c le r ic a l (m en and wom en) ________ ___ In d u stria l nurses (m en and w om en)__ _ S k illed maintenance (m e n )_______ _______-____ U nsk illed plant (m en) ____ ____ _ 104.0 107.5 105.5 106.0 .4 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 4.6 2.5 3.0 1.7 .9 .5 .7 1.6 4.4 3.1 1.4 U nless oth erw ise indicated, a ll changes a re in cre a s e s . T h is decline la r g e ly re fle c ts sh ifts in em ploym en t betw een high - and lo w -w a ge establish m ents ra th er than w age d e c re a s e s . Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group aggregate for each period after the base year (1961). The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of w orkers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Sim ilarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay for overtime. A: O ccupational E arnings 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verag e straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. Va. , A p ril 1964) Number o f w orkers receivin g straight-tim e w eekly earnings of— $ Sex, occupation, and industry division W eekly Weekly hours 1 earnings (standard) (standard) 35 and under 40 $ 40 i 45 - - 45 50 I 50 - i 55 - 55 i I 60 - 60 65 - 65 t 70 - 70 i 75 - 75 I 80 - 80 » t 05 - 85 1 90 - 90 95 - 95 i 100 - 100 $ i 105 - 105 $ 110 - 110 i 115 - 115 120 1 120 - i 125 - 125 130 16 10 6 5 40.0 40.0 95.50 102.00 9 3 4 2 2 40.0 40.0 68.00 63.50 40*0 40.0 40.0 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS B MANUFACTURING ------------ 56 22 OFFICE BOVS NONMANUFACTURING --- 35 25 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS B ----------------------- 22 135 135 I 140 - 140 I 145 - 145 $ 150 - 150 1 155 and 155 over 19 16 3 11 1 $ - 16 12 7 5 123 71 52 130 - 123.50 128.50 117.00 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS A MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING i 114.50 women BILLERS* MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE! NONMANUFACTURING 40.0 40.5 53.50 54.50 BOOKKEEPING—MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS B — NONMANUFACTURING 40.0 40.0 64.50 64.50 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS A MANUFACTURING -----------NONMANUFACTURING --------- 39.5 40.0 39.0 102.00 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS B MANUFACTURING — NONMANUFACTURING 39.5 39.5 39.0 66.50 92.50 58.50 CLERKS* PAYROLL MANUFACTURING NONMANUFACTURING 39.5 40.0 39.0 93.50 104.50 74.00 2 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING 39.0 39.0 78.50 76.00 2 2 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS A MANUFACTURING 39.5 40.0 92.00 100.50 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS B 39.0 67.00 OFFICE GIRLS ----------------- 39.0 70.00 110.50 288 150 138 79 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 STENOGRAPHERS* GENERAL MANUFACTURING -----NONMANUFACTURING -- 225 109 116 39.5 40.0 38.5 75.00 82 62 40.0 40.0 39.5 106.50 110.50 93.00 See footnotes at end o f table, 20 16 16 15 10 30 2 28 2 14 4 2 120.00 l l - 99.50 110.C0 80.50 24 23 2 2 117.50 92.00 SECRETARIES ----------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING — PUBLIC UTILITIES 2 STENOGRAPHERS* SENIOR MANUFACTURING ---NONMANUFACTURING - 8 6 4 - 4 - 2 1 1 - 5 1 4 1 2 10 1 11 - 12 9 15 7 2 11 8 12 86.00 - 4 4 16 24 17 17 29 3 21 3 6 11 8 8 10 17 9 9 9 19 16 8 8 28 15 13 17 13 4 10 6 2 2 8 7 1 6 4 2 2 3 l 2 0 3 5 12 10 2 9 9 2 10 6 11 2 14 4 - 1 9 4 31 14 17 25 14 30 15 15 24 16 6 1 1 — - 5 1 11 1 - 1 16 2 27 18 12 10 8 15 13 7 19 16 3 2 19 14 5 5 15 13 18 18 8 8 6 6 _ 2 2 — — — • - - - - 3 3 — — - - • • - - 2 19 19 9 9 — 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. Va. , A p ril 1964) Number o f w orkers receivin g straight-tim e w eekly earnings of — Average Sex, occupation, and industry division WOMEN - Number of workers % W eeklv W eekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) 79 25 54 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .5 7 4 .0 0 9 1 .5 0 6 6 .0 0 SWITCHBOARO O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T S NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 37 31 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 3 7 .5 6 1 .0 0 A ---------------------------------------- 61 4 0 .0 9 1 .5 0 T Y P I S T S * C LASS B — — — — — — MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 132 17 115 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 6 2 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E CENERAL C LASS 35 40 % 45 $ 50 $ 55 % $ 65 60 % 70 $ 75 $ % * $ 85 80 95 90 $ % 1 105 10 0 110 $ 115 * 120 * 125 $ 130 $ 135 $ 140 S $ 145 150 and under 40 45 50 2 - 14 - - 2 14 55 60 65 70 75 3 2 14 3 11 5 - 3 1 4 2 5 4 5 5 80 85 90 95 100 5 1 7 - 1 1 105 HO 115 12C - 19 13 — 2 2 3 11 1 12 5 13C 135 140 14 5 150 155 OPERATORS* -r _ 1 1 1 4 4 1 - - 6 _ _ - - 38 28 1 1 7l 28 17 35 c - 1 * 16 15 2 _ 3 6 3 _ - - - - - - - 2 l 1 1 2 5 3 6 4 2 3 19 9 10 2 _ _ 5 2 3 5 - 10 14 5 _ 2 4 1 Standard hours re flect the workweek fo r which em ployees re ceive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. Va. , A p ril 1964) Number of w orkers ;receiving straight-tim e w eekly earnings of- Average Sex, occupation, «yid industry division Number of workers $ Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) $ 75 $ 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ i $ $ % $ $ $ 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 15C 155 160 165 170 175 180 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 13C 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 17C 175 180 185 1 1 6 6 7 7 4 4 5 5 10 10 7 7 15 15 18 18 16 16 4 4 3 3 1 1 3 3 4 - 1 1 - - - - and under 8C ICC 100 40.0 40.0 $ 150.50 15C.5C DRAFTSMEN, JUNIOR ---------------------------- 94 40.0 114.50 45 41 4C.0 40.0 113.50 115.00 1 DRAFTSMEN, SENIOR ---------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 1 MEN 10 9 6 16 14 11 2 3 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 7 7 9 9 2 2 3 2 WOMEN NURSES* INDUSTRIAL (REGTSTERE0I ---MANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 1 1 2 1 1 5 4 Standard hours re flect the workweek fo r which em ployees re ceive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. 15 5 and over CONTINUED SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING — — ______ T Y P IS T S * $ $ - Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. Va. , A p ril 1964) Average Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings (standard) Number of workers W eekly earnings 1 (standard) SWITCHB0ARC 0PERATOR-RECEP TI0NISTSNONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 37 31 39.5 39.5 $ 64.00 62.50 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS B ------------------------------------------------------------ 25 4C.0 112.00 61.00 O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED BILLERS* MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE! ---------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------- ------------- 32 28 4C.0 40.0 $ 54.50 55.00 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS A ---------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------ — 50 40 39.5 40.0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS B — — --------- 39 39.0 67.00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS B — ----------------------------------------- -----------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 87 72 40.0 40.0 64.50 64.50 OFFICE BOYS AN0 GIRLS -------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------- -- — -----NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 51 21 30 39.5 39.5 39.5 68.50 76.50 63.50 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS A ------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 2-------------- 181 94 87 37 40.0 40. C 39.5 40.0 117.00 126.00 107.00 SECRETARIES ------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 2-------------- 288 150 138 79 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 110.50 120.CC 99.50 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLA«S B --- ---MANUFACTURING------------- — ---inniyftiAiiiiPArTiifiiyc nUnnMnvr v 1wn 4IW 150 45 105 39.5 40.0 39.5 77.50 97.00 69.00 STENOGRAPHERS* GENERAL — ---- — ---M A NUFACTURING---- --------- , --- — NONMANUFACTURING----- -----— ---- 226 109 117 39.5 40.0 38.5 80.50 CLERKS* FILE* CLASS A -------------- 15 39.5 99.50 CLERKS* ORDER ----------------------- 36 40.0 116.00 STENOGRAPHERS* SENIOR -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------ — ------ 84 64 20 40.0 40.0 39.5 CLERKS* PAYROLL --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 55 37 16 39.5 40.0 39.0 98.50 109.50 75.50 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS--------------MANUFACTURING ------------------NONMANUFACTURING------------- -— 79 25 54 40.0 39.5 40.5 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS ------- — ---NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 60 48 39.0 39.0 80.00 76.00 110.00 86.00 75.50 107.00 111.00 93.00 74.00 91.50 66.00 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS* GENERAL — — — — -— —----------- —-------- - 20 37.5 TYPISTS, CLASS A ------------------- 62 4C.C 91.50 TYPISTS* CLASS B ------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 132 17 115 38.5 39.5 38.5 62.50 69.00 61.50 DRAFTSMEN* S E N I O R -----------------MANUFACTURING ------------------- 100 100 4C.0 40.0 150.50 150.50 DRAFTSMEN* JUNIOR ------------------ 119 39.5 107.50 NURSES* INDUSTRIAL IREGISTERED)--MANUFACTURING ------------------- 45 40.0 40.0 113.50 115.00 PRO FESSIO NAL AND TE C H NICAL OCCUPATIONS Standard hours re fle c t the workweek fo r which employees receive their regular straight-tim e sa laries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. W eekly hours * (standard) W eekly earnings1 (standard) $ 94.50 102.50 121.00 Number of Occupation and industry division W eekly hours * (standard) O FFIC E OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED O FF IC E OCC UPATIO NS Average Average Occupation and industry division *1 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. Va., A p ril 1964) Number of w orkers re ceivin g straight-tim e hourly earnings of— Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ $ Under $ $ $ A % $ * 1 -------- $ $ $ 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3•10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 and % 2.40 under and 2.50 2.60 2 .70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3 •20 3.30 3.40 3*50 3.6C over $ C AR PE NTE RS• M AINTENANCE -----------------------M ANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 179 176 3,44 3.45 E L E C T R IC IA N S , MAINTENANCE -------------------- 333 3.43 E N G IN E E R S * STA TION A RY ---------------------------M ANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 183 177 3.34 3.35 M A C H IN IS T S * MAINTENANCE -----------------M ANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 166 154 3.45 3.45 M ANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S 1 2--------------------- 65 117 103 3.10 3.06 3.06 M EC H A NIC S* MAINTENANCE -------------------M ANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 451 444 3.50 3.52 M ILLW R IGH TS -------------------------------------M ANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 242 242 3.42 3.42 - P A IN T E R S * M A IN T E N A N C E --------- — -------M ANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 160 158 3.37 3.39 2 - P IP E F IT T E R S * MAINTENANCE ---------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 627 627 3.46 3.46 SHEET—METAL WORKERS* M AINTENANCE — M A N U F A C T U R IN G --------- — ------* -------- 82 82 3.46 3.46 1 1 2 2 16 16 1 1 33 2 51 * c. 33 33 1 1 - _ 12 12 _ “ - - 2 2 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 4 14 13 - 1 1 8 2 - - ~ - 7 _ _ _ - 1 l 7 4 _ - _ ~ _ ~ 6 - - _ 5 .^ 5 M EC H A NIC S* 3 2 _ - AUTOMOTIVE 1UAf UTCAIi Al^r % IffAI N 9cNANtc 1 ^ ^ 3 7 ~ - 4 _ - - _ _ _ - - _ _ “ - — - 19 19 28 28 54 41 _ ~ - - 3 3 _ _ - _ - - - 29 29 1 1 11 11 _ _ 1 1 3 3 _ _ - 15 15 _ _ - _ 91 2 _ 4 4 - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 Excludes premium pay fo r overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 16 16 8 8 1 1 _ - 128 128 22 22 _ 183 183 81 81 _ 104 104 4 4 49 49 - 22 22 12 - 85 85 37 37 2 2 9a 1C9 A — — “ - 24 12 — 207 207 233 233 - 150 150 51 51 - - 83 83 6 6 5C 5G _ 12 374 374 164 164 . 41 41 33 33 - “ 3 _ - - _ _ _ - 56 56 12 _ _ - _ - - - “ — - _ 2 — 9 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations ' (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Charleston, W. V a ., April 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Occupation12 4and industry division 3 Number of workers Average hourly earnings 1--- r -- 1--- $--- $--- i--- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1--- 5--- i--- 1--- 1--- 1--- i--- $--- I--- 1--- I--- s--- 1--- 1--- 1--- F Under $ 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 1 . 10 1 .5 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1. 9 0 2 . 0 0 2 • 10 2 . 2 0 1 . 50 1 •6 0 1 .7 0 1 • 80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 1 . 40 .9 0 .9 0 318 18 116 101 2 .7 7 2 .9 4 1 • GUARDS: MANUFACTURING ------------- — ---- 92 3 .0 2 JANITORS. PORTERS. ANO CLEANERS --M A N UFACTURING--------------— --NONMANUFACTURING - 7 -------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S -------------- 401 191 21 0 56 1 .8 9 2 .3 2 1 .5 0 1 .9 6 11 - 10 — 11 “ 10 51 48 22 1 .5 2 1 .5 2 1 .9 0 1 1 - LABORERS. MATERIAL HANOLING MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING -------- 339 173 166 2 .5 8 2 .6 9 2 .4 6 RECEIVING CLERKS ----------MANUFACTURING ----------- 10 7 95 2 .9 7 3 .0 6 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS --- 52 2 .7 8 TRUCKDRIVERS* --------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING - 7 ------- ----PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------- ----- 556 275 281 196 2 .7 4 2 .8 2 2 .6 7 2 .9 0 TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM (1.5 TO AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) --------------MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------- 74 32 42 2 .6 1 2 .7 9 2 .4 7 192 26 166 2 .8 5 2 .7 3 2 .8 7 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS. OTHER THAN TRAILER TYPE) ------- 93 2 .7 4 TRUCKERS*POWER (FORKLIFT) --- — --MA NUFACTURING------------ — ---- 60 38 2 .8 2 2 .7 9 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS. TRAILER TYPE) -------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------N O NMANUFACTURING--------------- 1 2 3 4 * 4 4 4 21 21 5 5 _ 2 2 2 ~ _ “ 2 • 90 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 . 30 3 . 4 0 2 •2 0 2 . 30 2 . 4 0 2 • 50 2 . 6 0 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 • 90 3 • 00 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 . 30 3 . 40 21 3 18 ~ 23 4 19 “ 62 1 61 ~ 18 12 6 5 5 5 “ 4 2 “ 16 16 1 1 1 - — 3 — 3 - 5 — “ 3 3 14 1 13 _ - _ " _ - - 2 - — — 2 _ _ 2 " - _ “ - ~ 2 2 — — 2 ~ 2 ~ 32 7 25 24 10 6 4 3 - 5 ~ 5 10 1 9 8 17 3 14 1 21 2 2 2 2 2 - 9 9 9 - - 1 — 5 - - 5 - 5 1 5 - 5 8 6 2 2 2 - 12 8 4 40 14 26 _ - - 5 - - 2 1 _ “ 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - 5 4 - 2 - - - _ - 6 6 10 1 9 4 1 3 5 — 1 — 5 - 1 — 4 — 5 1 5 1 4 4 4 - 15 7 8 24 12 12 9 9 - _ _ 4 4 “ _ 3 3 1 1 21 9 16 13 3 1 _ _ - • - _ “ • ~ “ ~ ” 1 1 1 - _ — - 3 “ 4 4 4 4 — 4 1 3 - ~ ** ~ - 1 1 A 4 21 16 5 5 12 5 125 - 7 — _ — 7 - . 3 3 — — — 9 9 1 1 51 51 _ 9 9 1 51 - _ — _ _ — - “ - 40 38 2 41 41 “ 10 _ _ _ “ - - * over — — - - _ ___ _ _ — — — - - - - _ — _ - - - “ - 3 - 6 6 3 3 2 12 — - _ — — - - _ — 77 - - - 77 62 62 - 1 3 3 78 77 10 - _ • _ — _ _ 1 5 - 1 3 9 6 2 13 9 4 4 42 40 2 2 8 — 147 8 139 122 146 133 13 ~ 58 — 40 40 - _ 4 4 1 — 1 8 7 1 30 17 13 8 — — — 8 ~ “• 13 4 — 134 7 7 ~ 27 — 2 2 27 4 2 23 22 - 14 14 _ — 9 9 - 7 7 • ** B 3 - - 3 3 - 9 9 11 10 1 1 _ - - _ — “ 5 2 2 _ _ 5 “ 13 13 6 6 6 - 8 8 3 _ _ 5 " Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Workers were distributed as follows: 12 at $0. 40 to $0. 50; and 6 at $0. 60 to $0. 70. W orkers were distributed as follows: 7 at $3. 40 to $3. 50; and 8 at $3. 50 to $3. 60. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 • 80 and 1 . 20 1 . 30 1 • 4 0 JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS NONMANUFACTURING - 7 -------- — --PUBLIC UTILITIES 5------- ------ 2 • 50 2 . 30 2 • 4 0 $ 48 48 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN ---------------MA N UFACTURING------------------ — 1 • 30 and under 1 .1 0 ELEVATOR OPERATORS. PASSENGER (WOMEN) ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------— ---- 1 . 20 1•6 0 8 8 _ — — — 36 3 3 7 _ - 58 58 - 5 1 1 - _ — ~ — 1 1 “ - - - _ _ - - — “ 11 11 15 ~ • _ 4 15 15 - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 10 Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in a ll industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Charleston, W. V a ., A p ril 1964) In experien ced typists Manufacturing M inim um w eek ly stra ig h t-tim e s a la r y 1 A ll in du stries Other in exp e rie n c e d c le r ic a l w o rk e rs 1 2 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard w eek ly hours 3 o f— A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules M anufacturing A ll indu stries A ll schedules 40 Nonm anufacturing B ased on standard w e e k ly hours 3 o f— 40 A ll schedules 40 65 23 XXX 42 XXX 65 23 XXX 42 XXX E stablishm ents having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m ------------------------------ 18 8 8 10 7 30 11 9 19 13 ____ _________ __ ______________ $42. 50— __ _ $45. 00------------------ -----------------------------------------------$47. 50— -------— ----------- _ — _ $ 5 0 .00__ — — — - — $52.50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $55. 00 - — — _ — -----— — — - — — $57. 50-----$60. 00— — _ _ — $62. 50-------------------------------------------------------------------$65. 00------------------------------------------------------------------------— . -----$67. 50 — $70. 00— — — - $72. 50------ — _ — - — -----$75. 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 - - - - - - - - 1 1 3 2 2 - - - - 2 1 2 1 - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 7 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 9 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 3 1 - - 1 3 - E stablishm ents having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m --------------------------- 10 3 XX X 7 XXX 12 2 XXX 10 XXX E stablishm ents w hich did not em p loy w o rk e rs in this c a te g o ry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 12 XXX 25 XXX 23 10 XXX 13 XXX E stablish m ents studied — U nder $40. on $40. 00 and under $42. 50 and under $45. 00 and under $47. 50 and under $50. 00 and under $52. 50 and under $55. 00 and under $57. 50 and under $60. 00 and under $62. 50 and under $65. 00 and under $67. 50 and under $70. 00 and under $72. 50 and under - — - __ __ -------- _ 3 1 1 1 1 - 1 These sala rie s relate to form ally established minimum starting (hiring) regu lar straight-tim e sa la rie s that are paid for standard workweeks. 2 Excludes w orkers in su bclerical jobs such as m essenger or office girl. 3 Data are presented for a ll standard workweeks combined, and for the most common standard workweek reported. 2 1 - - - - - - 2 1 2 1 - - 1 3 1 1 3 1 - 7 1 - 1 2 1 1 - - - - - - Table B-2. Shift Differentials (S h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m anu facturing plant w o r k e r s by type and amount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, C h a rles to n , W. V a . , A p r i l 1964) P e r c e n t o f m an u factu ring plant w o r k e r s — In establish m en ts having fo r m a l p ro v is io n s 1 fo r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l A c tu a lly w ork in g on— Second shift w ork T h ird o r o th er sh ift w o rk Second sh ift T h ird o r o th er sh ift 95. 3 90.9 15. 6 12. 3 W ith sh ift p a y d if f e r e n t ia l ________________________ 93. 8 89.9 15. 5 11.9 U n ifo r m cen ts (p e r h o u r )_____________________ 91. 5 89. 4 14. 4 11.9 rp n fc 5 c e n t s ___________________ __________ . _ 6 re n ts 8 re n ts A 10 12 14 15 16 17 18 20 _______ ____ c e n ts ... re n ts re n ts c e n ts __________ ____________ _ __ c e n ts ___ __ ___________ __ __ ______ re n ts re n ts re n ts ___ __ ___ ___ . 2. 12. 2. 8 1 6 6 15. 6 6. 8 46. 7 4. 3 _ - _ - .8 11. 4 3. 8 15. 6 .6 _ ( 2) .4 2. 4 3. 3 1. 5 6. 4 .4 6. 2 46. 7 4. 3 _ - O th er fo r m a l p a y d iffe r e n t ia l--------------------- 2. 3 .5 1. o W ith no sh ift p a y d if f e r e n t i a l_____________ _______ 1. 5 1. 0 .2 _ - ( 2) .9 .2 3. 3 . 1 _ 1. 4 5. 6 .4 .4 1 In clu des esta b lish m e n ts c u rr e n tly op era tin g la te sh ifts, and esta b lish m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts eve n though th ey w e r e not c u r r e n tly opera tin g la te sh ifts. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t. 12 Tabic B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (Percen t distribution o f office and plant workers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours o f firs t-s h ift workers, Charleston, W. V a ., A p ril 1964) OFFICE WORKERS PLA NT WORKERS Weekly hours All industrial1 A ll w o rk e rs-------- — ------—----------- —------- —-----------— — Under 3 7 % hours . 3 7 V 2 hours — . Over 3 7 % and under 40 hours ------------ -— -------- Over 4 0 and under 4 4 h ours. — hour 8 ___________ — ,_____ ,_____________________________ h o u rs ............ ........... ............... — ------------------------------h o u rs ....... ...— — . .. — ——— . . . . ------------------- ------. . . 44 45 48 1 2 3 4 100 4 13 3 78 1 1 (4) IfuntMtuiini Public utilities 2 AllindtvtriM3 100 100 100 3 38 3 1 - - - 62 - - - 97 - Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 - 97 (4) 2 1 1 Includes data fo r wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and re a l estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, re a l estate, and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 2 6 85 - 100 - - 1 - - 13 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution o f office and plant workers in fill industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Charleston, W .V a. , A p ril 1964) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKER8 Ite m W o r k e rs in esta blish m en ts p ro vid in g paid h o lid a y s ____________________________________ W o r k e rs in esta blish m en ts p ro vid in g no paid h olidays _ .. — ----- All industrial1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 AUindwtrin3 Manufacturing Puttie utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 97 99 100 (4) " “ 3 1 (4) (4) 16 10 (4 ) 63 7 2 <*> 1 1 26 15 54 - (4> 2 7 15 75 “ N u m ber o f days L e s s than 4 h olidays — —. ------4 h o lid a y s -------------_ — _ _ 5 h olida ys - _____ ___________ — — —— . 6 h olida ys _ ------ — — ----7 h olid a ys — -------------- - — - ------7 h olidays plus 2 h a lf d a y s ---------------------------8 h olidays ----- ----------- — — -------- ------ — — -------11 holidays 12 h olidays--------------------------------------------------------- _ 6 7 (4) 86 - 1 6 11 82 “ _ 86 94 100 100 100 100 100 _ 82 93 99 100 100 100 100 _ 14 27 59 ~ Total holiday time 5 12 days_____________________________________________ 11 days or m ore-----------------------------— ----------------8 days or m o r e ----------------------- — .--------- -----------— — — _ 7 days or m o r e --------- — 6 days or m o r e -------------------------------------------------5 days or m o r e -------------------------------------------------4 days or m ore ____ . . . . 3 days or m o r e ------------------------------------ — --------1 day or m o re -----------------— — ---- ------- 2 10 73 83 99 $9 99 99 99 54 69 95 95 96 97 97 _ 75 89 96 96 98 98 99 _ 59 86 100 100 100 100 100 1 Includes data fo r wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and re a l estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, re a l estate* and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of w orkers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf days, 5 full days and 4 h alf days, and so on. Proportions w e re then cumulated. 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Charleston, W. Va., A p ril 1964) PLA NT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tion p o lic y All industries 2 A ll w o r k e r s -— ---------------------------------------------- Manufacturing Public utilities3 All industries4 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 90 8 1 (5) 100 89 11 - 100 84 15 1 Manufacturing Publio utilities 3 M ethod o f paym ent W o rk ers in establish m ents p rovid in g paid vac at ion s — — — — — — — — —— — L e n g th -o f-tim e p a ym en t--------------------------P e rc e n ta g e paym ent— - — — - — F la t-s u m paym ent — --------------------------------Other ---------- ------ ----- -------- - — W o rk ers in establish m ents p rovid in g no paid va ca tion s---------------------------------------- (5) ( 5) “ Am ount o f vacation pay 6 A ft e r 6 months of s e r v ic e O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ----- — . ---- — 55 1 85 3 _ 38 (5) 61 _ 5 95 10 A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek -----------------------------------------------1 w e e k ___r-r-.-r________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks - — 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------- _ 96 4 ( 5) 44 1 55 _ 29 71 _ 96 1 3 ( 5) _ 23 77 . 28 9 62 _ 18 82 _ 2 98 18 82 _ 2 98 A ft e r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek 1 w eek ---------------------------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------- _ 6 4 90 _ 4 _ 96 _ 10 89 25 3 72 _ 99 14 84 _ 1 99 14 1 84 ( 5) - A ft e r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek -----------------------------------------------1 w eek _ _ — — - — ----— — 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------- _ 1 97 _ ( 5) 100 ( 5) A ft e r 4 y e a rs of s e r v ic e Under 1 w^^k 1 w eek — ------- — ------ - ------ O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _ ------- 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- — --------------- _ 1 1 97 _ ( 5) 100 ( 5) A ft e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek 1 we e k — „ — ——— — .. . — O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------— --------------2 w eeks _—... ___ ________________ ____ 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. _ 1 1 97 1 _ ( 5) _ - 100 100 ( 5) 3 1 93 2 _ ( 5) _ - - - 100 100 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Charleston, W. Va., A p ril 1964) PLA N T WORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S V a ca tion p o lic y A ll Industrie*1 2 M a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic utilities 3 A ll industries 4 M an u fa ctu rin g P u b lic utilities 3 Am ount of va ca tion p av 6— Continued A ft e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e _ _ V----- — ----- ------ — ------— ---------------------------- U nder 1 w e e k . . . . - . . . __ 1 we a r__________________ _________________ 2 w eek s O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s 3 w eeks _ _ 1 23 ( 5) 9 18 76 91 82 _ - _ - ( 5) 3 27 2 68 _ ( 5) 16 3 81 _ 37 - 63 A ft e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e — --- — -_ --____—___-______________ ____ --- -- -- ~ - Under 1 w e e k ek— 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ . .. . 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- 1we _ 1 23 (5) 76 _ (5) 9 . 91 _ _ 18 82 (5) 3 23 3 71 (5) 15 3 82 _ - 24 76 A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w e e k __ --------------- — —— l --.----------------------------------------- T_________ 2 w e e k s ........... ................... ............. ... . _________ 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- _ 1 14 85 _ (5) 2 97 _ 3 97 ( 5) 3 12 84 _ (5) 3 97 _ 100 A ft e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek - _ — — — — _ 1 w e e k _________ _______________ — _____________________ 2 w eeks — — — __ — ------- ----- _ — 3 w eeks T,. __________ 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 1 13 39 46 (5) 2 12 85 1 13 12 _ 73 ( 5) 2 10 _ 88 3 92 5 _ ( 5) 3 10 34 52 (5) 2 24 74 ( 5) 3 10 15 6 66 (5) 2 9 9 80 ( 5) 3 10 14 6 67 (5) 2 8 9 81 _ 82 18 A ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek ---- __ --------- ----------- — 1 w eek — — __ — — ----------- - __ •----- 2 w eek s ________________ ____ _____________________ _____ 3 w eeks ..... ■ ___ O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s _ ------ _ ___ 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 3 14 _ 83 _ _ 25 _ 75 A ft e r 30 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w e e k __ __ __________ ___ __ _____ ________ __ _ 1 w eek _______________________________________________ 2 w eeks 3 w eeks _____________ _________ _______ ___________ ___ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ----- — --------- 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------- _ 1 13 12 _ 73 _ ( 5) 2 10 _ 88 _ 3 14 83 _ _ _ 25 _ 75 1 Includes b a sic plans only. Excludes plans such as va ca tion -sa vin gs and those plans w hich o ffe r "ex te n d e d " or "s a b b a tic a l" b en efits beyond b a sic plans to w o rk e rs w ith q u alifyin g lengths o f s e r v ic e . T y p ic a l o f such ex clu sion s a re plans re c e n tly negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can in du stries. 2 Includes data fo r w h o lesa le tra de; r e ta il trade; finance, insurance, and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those in du stry division s shown sep ara tely. 3 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. 4 In clu des data fo r w h o lesa le trade, r e ta il trade, re a l estate, and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those industry d ivis ion s .shown sep ara tely. 5 L e s s than 0.5 p ercen t. 6 In clu des paym ents oth er than "len gth of t im e ," such as p ercen tage of annual earn in gs o r fla t-s u m paym ents, co n verted to an equivalent tim e b a sis; fo r exam ple, a paym ent of 2 percen t of annual ea rn in gs w as c o n s id ere d as 1 w eek 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily chosen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the in dividual p r o vis io n s fo r p r o g re s s io n s . F o r exam ple, the changes in p rop o rtio n s in dicated at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e include changes in p ro vis io n s o ccu rrin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a rs . E stim a tes a re cum ulative. Thus, the p rop o rtio n re c e iv in g 3 w eeks' pay or m o re a fte r 5 y e a rs includes those who r e c e iv e 3 w eek s' pay or m o re a fter fe w e r y e a rs o f s e r v ic e . 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, 1 Charleston, W . V a . , A p ril 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R 8 PLA N T W ORKER8 Type of benefit A l l inductriM 100 2 M a n u fa ctu rin g 100 W o rk ers in establishments providing: Life insurance— —-------------------------— ----------Accidental death and dismemberment insurance---- — — — — Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both5. -------— . — Sickness and accident insurance------------Sick leave (fu ll pay and no waiting perio d ).. - — .... Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)-------------------------------------Hospitalization insurance----------------------------Surgical insurance--------- --- ------------- ------------M edical insurance — --------------- -------------------Catastrophe insurance---------------------------------Retirement pension .. No health, insurance, or "pension p la n ------- P u b lic uttlitiM 3 A ll in d u ctriM 4 100 100 100 99 96 100 100 M a n u fa c tu rin g . P u b lic u tilitiM 3 100 , 98 99 46 17 85 42 28 78 87 95 96 93 97 91 51 90 5 76 97 28 43 22 90 19 16 37 37 66 5 46 55 31 99 99 98 97 91 ( 6) 97 97 82 59 86 1 99 99 92 64 97 100 100 81 75 86 98 98 89 81 88 (6) 98 98 94 80 94 ( 6) 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as workm en's compensation, social security, and ra ilro a d retirem ent. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and re a l estate; and serv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, re a l estate, and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sicknesb and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Inform al sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 6 L e ss than 0.5 percent. 17 Table B-7. Paid Sick Leave (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and industry divisions by form al sick leave provisions, Charleston, W. Va., A p ril 1964) PLA N T WORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Sick leave provision A ll w o rk e rs _________________________________________ W o rk e rs in establishments providing form al paid sick leave________ _________ __ ________ W o rk ers in establishments providing no form al paid sick le ave ------------— __ ____________ A ll industries1 M a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic utilities 2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 79.7 88.7 94.6 20.3 11.3 5.4 9.7 9.5 1.6 5.1 .3 32.7 .9 31.8 11.7 11.7 10.6 7.6 6.7 5.8 A ll industries 3 M a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic utilities 2 100.0 100.0 64.4 71.1 68.2 35.6 28.9 31.8 11.4 11.4 9.7 15.6 15.6 Type and amount of paid sick leave provided annually Uniform plan:4 No w aiting period F u ll p a y 5- - 15 d a y * ------------------—----------- ------------------------------------130 days --------. . . . ___ . . . . . — F u ll pay plus p a rtial pay --------------------— ----------Waiting period - — ___________ _________ F u ll p a y ... _i— ,— „ „ „ — -----------T— P a r t ia l pay o n ly ------------------------------- ---- ... Graduated p la n 4— A fter 1 year of service: No waiting period F u ll pay----------- ---------- . . . ---- -— — ------------3 days ——— -— ____ ________ __ ___________ 5 days 12 days 15 days F u ll pay plus p a rtial pay P a r t ia l pay only -— -------- ---------- ---------- —— Waiting p e r io d ----------------------------------------------F u ll pay____— ------------ -------------------- ----- — . F u ll pay plus p a rtial pay - 66.5 - 66.5 - 1.0 3.4 3.4 - - 31.0 - 48.0 .3 8.9 6.4 5.3 1.0 1.9 39.4 1.2 13.0 5.0 .5 .5 .5 6.2 6.2 37.3 37.3 29.4 7.9 26.3 2.3 *4.6 19.4 .5 .5 56.7 37.3 29.4 7.9 19.4 19.4 6.9 5.2 1.7 - 36.3 .9 .3 .6 7.4 10.5 6.0 2.7 3.1 4.5 4.5 12.7 7.1 3.8 1.0 .3 - 82.1 43.9 37.8 6.1 38.2 37.9 1.5 1.5 - 4.9 6.2 6.2 11.7 “ 43.3 5.3 .9 .1 10.5 - 29.9 48.9 37.9 .7 • 4.6 4.6 - 1.1 44.1 43.9 37.8 6.1 - 2.8 13.8 3.2 - 15.6 10.5 10.5 2.7 4.7 3.1 - 23.5 20.1 1.3 13.1 4.2 1.5 - - .7 Graduated p la n 4— A fter 10 ye a rs of service: F u ll pay * 12 days— 18 days .. ..------45 days——— ——— — —— — —— — — 50 days 130 days — ——— ------------— —— —------— 130 days per disability F u ll pay plus pa rtia l pay * — 10 days 65 days--------------------------------——— ---- ---Waiting period — — ------— ———— — —— F u ll pay— — —— ---- —— —— — — F u ll pay plus partial pay............. ............. P a r t ia l pay only — ——— —— — —— — 35.0 20.7 1.3 2.6 1.5 10.2 1.6 2.8 14.3 2.1 10.7 2.3 2.0 - - .7 5.6 4.2 9.2 4.1 .2 - P rovision s for accumulation W o rk e rs in establishments having provisions for accumulation of unused sick leave 1 Includes data for w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and re a l estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, rea l estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 "U n ifo rm plans" are defined as those form al plans under which an employee, after 1 year of service, is entitled to the same number of days' paid sick leave each year. "Graduated plans" a re defined as those fo rm al plans under which an em ployee's leave va rie s according to length of service. P erio d s of service w e re a rb itra rily chosen. Estimates reflect provisions applicable at the stated length of serv ice but do not reflect provisions for progression. Thus, the proportion receiving 15 days' sick leave after 10 years of service may also receive this amount after greater or le s s e r lengths of service. 5 M ay include provisions other than those presented separately. Num bers of days shown under " F u ll pay plus partial pay" are days for which w ork e rs receive sick leave at full pay; workers a re entitled to additional days of sick leave at partial pay. Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bu reau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE B ILLE R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. B iller, machine (billing machine)• Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B ille r, machine (bookkeeping m achine).Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 19 20 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G -C on tin ued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records o f various types in con junction with the file s. May lead a small group o f lower level file clerks. Class B« Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain arid service files. C L E R K , O RD ER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating o f customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PA YR O LL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR D ITTO ) Class C, Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 21 KEYPUNCH OPERATO R Class A # Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower lev el keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other rela tively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 22 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE O PERATOR Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B# Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. T Y P IS T Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A. Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources err responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing o f complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B# Performs one or more o f the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 23 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN DRAFTSMAN —Continued Leader. Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Inter preting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; deter mining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and in specting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. Senior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a spe cialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. Junior (assistant). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who be come ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other estab lishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carry ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evalu ation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, wel fare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT C AR PE N TE R , MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 24 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE H ELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay outs, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or o il burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 25 M ACH INIST, M A IN T E N A N C E -C ontinued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacementpart by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 26 P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E -C ontinued SH E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M A IN T E N A N C E -C on tin u ed and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or beating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. 27 JANITOR, PO RTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, M ATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one'or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. ping work involves: routes, Ship A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work involves: May Receiving Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 28 T R U C K D R IV E R T R U C K E R , POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-tbe-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type o f truck, as follows: For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver ( combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light {under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) Trucker, power {forklift) Trucker, power {other than fork lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Available Upon Request---The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as BLS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963« 40 cents a copy. Occupational Wage Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, I i. C. , 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Area Bulletin number Akron, Ohio____________________________________ Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N.Y 1________________ Albuquerque, N. M e x __________________________ Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .—N. J.1 .______ Atlanta, G a _____________________________________ Baltimore, M d _________________________________ Beaumont—Port Arthur, T e x ___________________ Birmingham, A la _______________________________ Boise, Idaho____________________________________ Boston, M a ss1__________________________________ 1345-81 1385-52 1345-63 1385-53 1345-71 1385-24 1345-67 1345-56 1345-74 1385-16 20cents 25cents 20cents 25cents 25cents 25cents 20cents 20cents 20cents 25cents Buffalo, N. Y ____________________________________ Burlington, V t __________________________________ Canton, Ohio___________________________________ Charleston, W. V a 1____________________________ Charlotte, N. C 1________________________________ Chattanooga, Ten n .-G a________________________ Chicago, 1111___________________________ -_______ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky____________________________ Cleveland, Ohio________________________________ Columbus, Ohio________________________________ 1385-33 1385-47 1345-64 1385-57 1385-55 1385-5 1345-65 1345-54 1385-11 1385-25 25cents 20cents 20cents 25cents 25cents 2Qcents 30 cents 20cents 25cents 20cents Dallas, T e x ____________________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111______ Dayton, Ohio1___________________________________ Denver, Colo1_____ -___________._______ ——_____ Des Moines, Iowa1_____________________________ Detroit, Mich___________________________________ Fort Worth, T ex________________________________ Green Bay, W is ________________________________ Greenville, S. C ...__...__ — 1345-68 Houston, T e x ___________________________________ 1385-15 1385-12 1385-40 1385-34 1385-44 1385-43 1385-19 1385-4 Indianapolis, Ind 1_______________________________ Jackson, M iss1___________________________ _— .— Jacksonville, F la _______________________________ Kansas City, Mo.-Kans 1_______________________ Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N. H _____________ Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk ____________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif1_______________ Louisville, Ky. —Ind____________________________ Lubbock, T ex___________________________________ Manchester, N. H _______________________________ Memphis, Tenn 1________________________________ Price Miami, F la 1___________________________________ Milwaukee, Wis______________________________ ... Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn___________________ Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich___________ Newark and Jersey City, N. J1_________________ New Haven, Conn1_____________________________ New Orleans, L a _______________________________ New York, N. Y 1________________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va 1________________________________ Oklahoma City, Okla___________________________ 1385-29 1385-56 1385-39 1345-69 1385-49 1385-37 1385-42 1345-79 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 30 cents 25 cents 25 cents 40 cents 1345-75 1385-2 25 cents 20 cents Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa 1___________________________ Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N. J ________________ Philadelphia, Pa. —N. J 1________________________ Phoenix, A riz 1_________________________________ Pittsburgh, P a ________________________________ _ Portland, Maine1_______________________________ Portland, Or eg. —W ash _________________________ Providence—Pawtucket, R. I.—M a ss1___________ Raleigh, N. C 1__________________________________ Richmond, Va 1__________________________________ 1385-14 1345-76 1385-31 1385-54 1385-38 1385-22 1345-73 1345-70 1385-7 1385-23 25 cents 20 cents 30 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 1345-82 25cents 20cents 25cents 25 cents 25cents 25cents 20cents 20cents 20cents 25cents Rockford, 111___________________________________ St. Louis, M o .-Ill_____________________________ Salt Lake City, Utah___________________________ San Antonio, T ex 1__________________ ___________ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C a lif1____ San Diego, Calif________________________________ San Francisco—Oakland, C a lif1_________________ Savannah, G a ___________________________________ Scranton, P a 1__________________________________ Seattle, Wash1_________________________________ 1345-55 1385-21 1385-28 1345-78 1385-9 1385-13 1385-36 1345-60 1385-8 1385-10 20 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 1385-30 1385-41 1385-32 1385-26 1345-77 1385-3 1345-62 1385-50 1345-72 1385-1 1385-35 25cents 25 cents 20cents 25cents 20cents 20cents 30cents 20cents 20cents 20cents 25cents Sioux Falls, S. Dak1__________________________ _ South Bend, Ind1________________________________ Spokane, Wash1.________________________________ Toledo, Ohio___________________________________ Trenton, N. J ___________________________________ Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ____________________ Waterbury, Conn1_________________ ____________ Waterloo, Iow a________________________________ Wichita, Kans__________________________________ Worcester, Mass_______________________________ York, P a 1______________________________________ 1385-20 1385-51 1345-66 1385-46 1385-27 1385-17 1385-48 1385-18 1385-6 1345-80 1385-45 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 20 cents 20 cents 25 cents _ Bulletin number i Price Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area