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O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y CANTON, OHIO DECEM BER Bulletin No 1 9 5 9 1 26 5- 10 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Ja m e s P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagtft, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey CANTON, OHIO D E C E M B E R 1959 B u lle tin N o. 1 2 6 5 -1 0 F e b ru a ry I 9 6 0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Ja m e s P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU E w an OF LA BO R C la g u e , For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. STATISTICS C om m issioner Price 25 cents Contents Preface P age T h e C o m m u n ity W a g e S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u ’ s r e g io n a l o f f ic e in C h ic a g o , 111. , b y W o o d r o w C . L in n , u n d er the d ir e c t io n of G e o r g e E . V o t a v a , R e g io n a l W a g e and I n d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 T a b le s : __________ _ 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y A: O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :* A -l. O f fic e o c c u p a tio n s __ ________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s . A - 3 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s A - 4. C u s t o d ia l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s _____________ B: E s t a b li s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v isio n s: * B -l. S h ift d iff e r e n t ia ls __________________________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s -----B -3 . S ch e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ____________________________________________ B -4 -. P a id h o lid a y s _____________________________________________________ B -5. P a id v a c a tio n s B -6 . H e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s A p p e n d ix : _______________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s 7 8 9 9 10 11 ________________________ 13 ___________________________________________ 15 * NOTE: S i m i l a r ta b u la tio n s a r e a v a ila b le in the r e p o r t s areas. A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g of the r e p o r t s i s a v a ila b le upon iii 2 IT) vO T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u la r l y c o n d u c ts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l ce n te rs. T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e f r o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s . A p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n of the stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m o n th fo llo w in g th e p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d . T h is b u lle t in p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata n ot in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a t e d a n a ly tic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u l t s o f a ll o f the y e a r ’ s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s . In tr o d u c tio n f o r th e s e and o th e r i t e m s f o r s u r v e y s in o th e r m a jo r d a te o f stu d y and the p r i c e re q u e st. Occupational Wage Survey—Canton, Ohio Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ich the U . S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s h a s co n d u c te d s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w age b e n e fit s on an a r e a w id e b a s i s . In th is a r e a , d a ta w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie l d e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b li s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ,1 c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i li t i e s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r i n d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a l s o b e c a u s e th e y f u r n is h in s u f fi c ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s stu d ie d to w a r ra n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s i b l e , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c te d on a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a l l e s t a b li s h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b li s h m e n t s is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b li s h m e n t s a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s t i m a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b li s h m e n t s stu d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la tin g to a l l e s t a b li s h m e n t s in th e in d u s tr y g r o u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a tio n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n i s b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e j o b . (See a p p e n d ix f o r lis t in g o f th e s e d e s c r i p t i o n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O f fi c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in t e n an ce and p o w e r p la n t; and (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d a ta a r e sh ow n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p ay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and 1 R a i l r o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f th e s e s t u d ie s , h av e b e e n ad d ed in n e a r ly a l l o f the a r e a s to b e stu d ie d d u rin g the w in te r o f 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ; r a il r o a d s w ill b e a d d ed in the r e m a in in g a r e a s n e x t y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in th is a r e a , s e e fo o tn o te to "t r a n s p o r t a tio n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s " in ta b le 1 . la te s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a l s o , bu t c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f ic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r) f o r w h ich s t r a i g h t -t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s fo r th e se o c c u p a tio n s h av e b e e n ro u n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m e n a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in w h ich b o th s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in pay l e v e l s o f m e n and w o m e n in th e s e o c c u p a tio n s a r e l a r g e ly due to ( l ) d iff e r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s a m o n g in d u s t r ie s and e s t a b li s h m e n t s ; (2) d iff e r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r f o r m e d , alth o u g h t h e . o c c u p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip t io n ; and (3) d if f e r e n c e s in le n g th o f s e r v ic e o r m e r i t r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d ju s te d o n th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u ld r e s u l t in h ig h e r a v e r a g e pay w h en both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e r a te r a n g e . Job d e s c r ip t io n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p lo y e e s in th e se s u r v e y s a re u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a li z e d than th o se u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b li s h m e n t s to a llo w f o r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b li s h m e n t s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s t a b li s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y and n ot the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iff e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b li s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m the s a m p le o f e s t a b li s h m e n t s stu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r ta n c e o f the jo b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c t u r e do n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the earn** in g s d a ta . E s t a b li s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s I n fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d a l s o (in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s t a b li s h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s a s th e y r e la te to o f f ic e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m "o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle t in , in c lu d e s w o r k in g a u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d f u n c t io n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P l a n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g f o r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g l e a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in istr a tiv e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s io n a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s w ho a r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , but a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s . 2 TA BLE 1. E sta b lish m en ts and w o rk ers w ithin sco p e of su r v e y and num ber studied in Canton, Ohio, Industry d iv isio n A ll d i v i s i o n s -------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g --------- ----------------------- --N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ------------- -----------------T ran sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other pub lic u tilitie s 5 --------------------W h olesale trad e -----------------------------R etail t r a d e ------ ----------------------------F in an ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l e s t a t e -----S e r v ic e s 7 ------------------------------------ - M inim um em p loym en t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in sco p e of study 51 by m ajor in d u stry d iv is io n ,2 D ecem b er 1959 N um ber of e sta b lish m e n ts W ithin sco p e of study 3 183 W orkers in e sta b lish m en ts W ithin sco p e of study Studied Studied T o ta l4 O ffice 79 6 5 ,4 0 0 51 51 102 81 43 36 5 1 ,9 0 0 1 3 ,5 0 0 51 51 51 51 51 13 15 38 8 7 10 4 14 4 4 4, 800 1 ,5 0 0 5, 50 0 1 ,1 0 0 60 0 P lant T o ta l4 7, 300 4 9 ,7 0 0 4 9 ,4 9 0 5, 40 0 1 ,9 0 0 4 0 ,7 0 0 9. 00 0 4 0 ,9 6 0 8, 53 0 700 (M (*) (*) (6 ) 2 ,9 0 0 (M (6 ) (*) (6 ) 4 , 66 0 510 2 ,2 9 0 650 420 1 The Canton M etropolitan A rea (Stark County). The "w orkers w ithin sco p e of study" e s tim a te s show n in this table p rovid e a re a so n a b ly a c c u r a te d e sc r ip tio n of the s iz e and co m p o sitio n of the lab or fo r c e in clud ed in the su r v ey . The e s tim a te s a re not intended, h o w ev er, to s e r v e as a b a sis of co m p a riso n w ith other a re a em p loym en t in d exes to m e a s u r e em p loym en t tren d s or le v e ls sin c e ( l ) planning of w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se of e sta b lish m en t data co m p iled co n sid era b ly in advance of the pay period stud ied, and (2 ) s m a ll esta b lis h m e n ts a r e exclu ded from the sco p e of the su r v ey . 2 The 1 9 5 7 r e v is e d ed ition of the Standard Ind u strial C la s sific a tio n Manual w as u sed in c la ss ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in d u stry d iv isio n . M ajor ch an ges fro m the e a r lie r ed ition (used in the B u reau 's lab or m a rk et w age su r v ey p ro g ra m p rio r to the w in ter of 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) a re the tr a n sfe r of m ilk p a ste u r iz a tio n plants and rea d y -m ix ed co n cr ete e sta b lish m e n ts from trad e (w h o le sa le or r e ta il) to m an ufacturin g, and the tr a n sfe r of radio and te le v is io n b ro a d ca stin g from s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication, and oth er p ub lic u tilitie s d iv isio n . 3 Includes a ll esta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l em p lo y m en t at or above the m in im u m - s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll o u tlets (w ithin the a re a ) of co m p a n ies in such in d u str ie s as trad e, fin a n ce, auto re p a ir se r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ictu re th ea ters a re c o n s id e r e d as 1 esta b lish m e n t. 4 5 4 ju stify 7 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. R a ilro a d s w e r e included; ta x ica b s and s e r v ic e s in cid en ta l to w a ter tra n sp o rta tio n w ere ex clu ded. This in d u stry d iv is io n is re p r e se n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " all in d u str ie s " and "nonm anufacturing" in the S e r ie s A and B ta b le s , although co v e ra g e w as in su fficie n t to s ep a ra te p re se n ta tio n of data. H otels; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile re p a ir shops; m o tio n p ictu re s; n onp rofit m em b ersh ip org a n iza tio n s; and en g in ee rin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . 3 Shift differential data (table B -l) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab lishment policy, 2 presented in terms of total plant worker employ ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the clas sification '’other" was used. In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a ma jority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Scheduled hours are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority are covered.3 Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations may not equal totals. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the num ber of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation and social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com mercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,4 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrange ments excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as, extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by commer cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. 3 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section table B-3) in surveys made prior to late 1957 and early 1958 were presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers em ployed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women workers. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if of it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick-leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. Office Occupations (Average straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry d iv isio n , Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Men Clerks, accounting, class A ___________ Manufacturing ____________ _____ Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) $ % $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ S $ $ $ % $ $ $ S Under 40. Q0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 130 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 and and $ under 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. CO 90. CC 95. 00 LOO. 00 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5.00 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 over 83 66 4o.o 4 0 .5 $ 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 9 .0 0 - - - - - Clerks, accounting, class B _________ Manufacturing _ _ _ 61 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 0 .5 0 - - 59 - - Clerks, order 39 4 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 0 _ Clerks, payroll ___________________ Manufacturi ng 49 49 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 0 _ lo t . 56 Tabulating-machine operators, class A _________________________ Manufacturing __________________ 28 26 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 4 .0 0 li5.ob - - - - Tabulating-machine operators, class B Manufacturing _ __ _______ 38 37 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 0 9 8 .5 0 - - - Women Billers, machine (billing m achine) ____ 32 4 0 .0 6 1 .0 0 - - Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B Manufacturing _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _________________ 138 31 107 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 4 8 .5 0 5$. 5o 4 5 . 50 - Clerks, accounting, class A ____________ Manufacturing 68 44 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 6 .5 0 74. 50 137 115 57 35 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 66 . 56 Clerks, p a y ro ll___________________ Manufacturing _ _ __ __ ___ 116 100 Comptometer operators_______________ Manufacturing __________________ _ _ _ _ _ - 4 - 2 - 3 3 2 2 2 2 6 6 - 2 2 8 3 12 4 - _ _ - - - - 1 1 _ 2 _ 7 7 10 10 9 9 9 9 18 18 _ _ _ _ 7 3 _ 5 _ 6 2 14 _ 4 4 _ _ _ - - 4 4 13 13 7 - 1 - - - - 2 1 1 " i 2 2 5 4 3 — r i 3 3 5 5 4 4 1 — r~ 8 8 5 - 16 10 5 5 l6 16 4 --- 7 5 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ 11 11 7 7 1 1 2 2 - 6 6 6 6 2 2 1 2 2 - 1 1 r ~ 6 6 2 2 - - - - - 4 7 ----5“ - _ _ _ _ " - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 11 2 3 5 3 - 6 - - - 2 - _ - . - _ _ _ _ 49 49 54 6 45 11 9 2 4 4 4 4 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 13 2 11 “ 3 - 4 4 2 20 2o 22 6 4 3 5' 3 4 ~2 - i i _ " _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - 7 5 .5 0 7 $ .0 0 5 6 .5 0 - 9 4 7 7 12 2 18 12 9 4 5 5 - 6 l 5 — 5— 2 6 7 12 “5 5 5 4 4 9 10 7 4 2 5 5 9 7 25 21 5 4 2 1 1 - 19 19 - 4 4 - 5 5 _ 3 3 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 8 1 .0 0 $ 3 . 5o _ 2 2 4 4 9 ? 5 2 9 6 9 4 8 8 18 l6 9 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 24 24 _ - 2 2 1 1 2 2 _ - _ " _ - t 82 70 4 0 .5 4 0 .5 6 5 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 _ - 6 " 14 14 - 12 6 12 12 4 4 12 12 14 14 2 2 _ - 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 _ - _ - _ 1 - _ - 139 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 70. 50 _ 3 8 — 3— --- 7 19 19 23 17 19 14 22 21 11 11 3 3 4 4 20 20 4 4 1 1 _ - _ - _ t l. 5o 2 2 _ TZl _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - Secretaries ___________________________ Manufacturing _ . . __ Nonmanufacturing ____ 319 223 96 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 8 2 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 74. 50 _ _ 11 - 28 19 9 31 ’ 24 7 23 21 2 18 12 6 _ - 1 - 3 3 - _ - 3 16 9 7 - 9 57 45 12 7 9 31 24 7 1 - 18 10 8 9 8 - 21 15 6 ... 20 - 1 13 4 9 1 - 1 - 3 3 - Stenographers, general _ ___ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities* ___________ ______ 323 220 103 50 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 1 .0 4 0 .0 6 9 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 6 6 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 _ - _ - 3 27 53 2$ 24 5 55 42 13 8 50 29 21 11 33 30 3 3 46 40 6 6 16 13 3 3 4 14 12 2 2 11 11 3 3 11 2 9 9 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ * _ - _ - _ - 26 26 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 8 1 .5 0 8 1 . 5o 1 1 5 5 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 _ - _ _ _ 4 ' " Clerks, accounting, class B Manufacturing Clerks, file, class B _____ _ _ __ Mannfa rfuring Keypunch operators Manufacturing . .. Stenographers, technical Manufacturing ________ ______ See footnotes at end of table. - - - 3 9 - 11 16 - _ _ _ " ' ‘ _ _ 4 4 ' l6 4 1 - " — 1 1 ; " 1 . - _ 2 1 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry d ivision , Canton, Ohio, Decem ber 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARN![NGS OF- Average Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of workers s $ s $ $ $ $ $ s $ $ S s $ $ $ % $ $ $ S Weekly Weekly Under 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 10.00 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 hours 1 earnings1 and and (Standard) (Standard) under 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 65. 00 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 115.00 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 P 5 . 00 1 4 0 .0 0 Women— C ontinue d Switchboard o p e r a to r s __ _____________ Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________ Switchboard op era to r- rece p tio n ists____ Manufacturing _____________________ 58 27 31 81 ---- 5T“ 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 6 7 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 5 7 .0 0 2 2 13 13 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 6 3 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 _ “ 5 3 6 6 .5 0 - 2 2 _ _ Transcribing-m achine op erators, general ____ __ _______ _____ __ Manufacturing __ _____________ __ 53 49 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 66.50 __________ T yp ists, cla ss A _______ Manufacturing ______________________ 108 91 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 1 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 T yp ists, c la ss B ___________________ M anufacturing_______ _____________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ 160 91 69 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 4 1 .5 5 7 .0 0 6 2 .0 0 5 0 .5 0 _ - 8 8 - _ 3 1 2 6 1 5 “ 5 3 3 2 1 1 " 5 5 - 1 1 8 7 1 1 8 8 - 2 2 4 --- r - 21 18 6 6 8 8 8 8 i i 2 2 9 8 18 17 20 16 5 4 1 5 - 2 4 4 6 6 3 3 7 3 ~ 3 3 1 1 “ 7 3 4 3 2 1 8 8 " l 17 12 7 2 8 6 19 13 2 2 10 8 --- 6£ _ 8 8 5 4 8 2 21 l6 35 14 55 23 32 lb “ 7 I 21 b l 9 b 4 4 " " - - - - _ ■ “ 1 1 1 - - - - * - 1 * - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 _ - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Standard hours re flect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la ries and the earnings correspond to these w eekly hours. * Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage straight-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber 1959) Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of workers Men 56 D raftsm en, leader _________________ _ — 5r~ Manufacturing ________ ___________ NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Average $ $ s S $ * $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ S s $ Weekly, Weekly , Under *75.00 8 0 .0 0 *8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 * 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 165 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 7 5 .0 0 earnings hours and and (Standard) (Standard) $ 7 5 .0 0 under 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 1 7 5 .0 0 over 4 0 .0 4 6 .6 $ 1 5 3 .0 0 1 1 5 3 .0 0 - - - | - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 2 2 5 6 3 3 - - - - 10 10 - 18 18 - 16 10 6 6 24 23 1 1 20 11 9 9 20 13 7 7 24 19 5 5 16 16 - - - _ 9 9 3 b b l 22 22 5 - S - 12 12 - 16 16 6 6 4 4 ■ “ Draftsm en, senior ____________________ Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________ Public u t ilitie s 3 _________________ 224 196 28 28 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 2 9 .5 0 1 1 8 .5 0 1 1 8 .5 0 - 1 1 - ! D raftsm en, junior ____________________ M anufacturing______________________ 194 184 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 1 .5 0 1 0 2 .$ 0 18 18 16 14 9 -- 7-- 18 15 12 23 23 16 l6 10 10 15 15 24 24 5 5 3 3 5 6 3 3 Women N u rses, industrial (reg istered ) ______ Manufacturing _ „ ________________ 66 66 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 93. 50 93 . 50 4 4 4 4 4 4 ii ii 18 18 3 3 7 7 15 - - " - . ■ _ “ T5 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la ries and the earnings correspond to th ese w eekly hours. W orkers w ere distributed as follows: 5 at $ 1 7 5 to $18 0 and 5 at $ 1 8 5 and over. Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 3 3 2 2 5 5 2 2 a10 10 5 5 - 8 3 - - 6 6 - 2 2 - 2 2 2 _ - _ _ - _ - ■ “ - ■ - - - l - - ~ 6 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er 1959) Number of workers Occupation and industry division C arpenters, maintenance _ Manufacturing . _ . . .. .... __ _ Average Under hourly earnings 1 $ 1. 90 137 11)5 $ 2 .6 9 2 .8 0 403 396 2 .8 9 2 .8 9 _ 102 89 2 .6 6 2 .6 6 . __ F irem en , stationary b oiler __ . ._ Manufacturing _ ______________________ __ 127 116 2 .4 8 2 .5 0 2 • M achine-tool op erators, to o lr o o m ___________ M anufacturing________ _ _________________ 202 202 2 .9 9 2 .9 9 M achinists, maintenance Manufacturing ................... . ........ .............. 415 415 M echanics, autom otive (maintenance) _______ Manufacturing _ — Nonmanufacturing ___________ _ __ __ Public u tilitie s 2 __ _______ ____ __ 151 T04 47 39 M echanics, m aintenance _____________________ Manufacturing _ ____ _________________ M illw rights _ ... _ _ . __ M anufacturing___ __ ____________________ __ E le ctric ia n s, maintenance Manufacturing _. E n gin eers, stationary _ ............ . Manufacturing . ____ _____________ $ 1. 90 un3er 2. 00 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 -2L..1Q . 2^2.0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 _ . " " NUMBER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 ■ “ " " “ ~ " ~ 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 . 3. 10 3 .2 0 $ 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 $ $ $ 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 and cn _over *_____ 40 —j■j • ?v_ -V 4 4 34 2 9 9 5 5 8 8 4 4 40 40 29 29 2 2 2 2 ' 3 3 2 2 6 6 17 17 14 14 21 16 47 45 100 100 96 96 56 56 3 3 23 23 . “ 4 - 7 7 10 10 10 3 29 29 20 18 8 8 “ - 4 4 “ ■ - - 22 22 " ' " “ “ 15 ----15 . . _ ~ 10 10 . - 15 15 - 20 20 16 9 21 21 19 19 10 8 2 2 - - - _ " . - _ - " 8 8 _ - 1 1 13 13 16 16 14 14 11 11 a 8 52 52 9 9 63 63 5 5 1 1 1 1 3 .0 1 3 .0 1 “ _ _ _ _ ■ _ ■ 7 7 3 3 4 4 14 14 33 33 66 66 273 273 _ “ 14 14 1 1 _ - _ “ 2 .5 6 2 .4 6 2 .4 6 _ " 2 2 2 5 2 3 2 1 1 1 31 27 4 4 6 6 6 15 7 8 8 14 5 9 2 18 13 5 5 . 32 28 4 4 9 4 5 5 u li - - “ “ - " - “ 218 214 2 .7 1 2. 70 “ ” 4 4 20 20 31 31 6 6 31 31 35 33 8 8 6 6 16 25 2$ 7 7 27 27 “ - 377 377 2 .8 5 2 .8 5 . _ . " ' " 3 3 6 6 ■ 24 24 30 30 36 36 112 112 U2 132 5 6 22 22 7 7 - - - - 2.61 ' . . O ilers _ __ _ _ M anufacturing____________________________ 65 65 2 .3 4 2 .3 4 . - . - P ainters, maintenance _ __ Manufacturing _ _______ ____ 72 62 2 .6 7 2 .7 1 _ “ _ ____ __ ■ P ip efitters, m ain ten an ce... _________________ M anufacturing___ _______________________ 162 15? 2 .8 7 2 .8 7 _ _ “ _ _ Tool and die m akers _ _______________________ _______________________ Manufacturing _ 251 251 2 .9 4 2 .9 4 _ . 5 5 1 21 21 _ _ _ ~ ■ _ E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. $ 1 18 8 12 — is — --- g---- — 12— - - - - - - . 6 6 2 1 . “ l l . " 44 44 . “ 4 4 7 7 9 9 8 8 84 35 35 12 12 18 18 22 22 21 21 _ " . . - 2 . - 3 3 _ 16 . 16 7 “ 7 7 - . “ _ • 21 21 , 14 14 15 15 _ . _ “ 26 26 19 *T 9" “ 24 24 37 37 27 27 5 5 5 5 7 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry d ivision, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber 1959) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n 1 a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ Average $ hourly 1. 10 1 .2 0 earnings'* U n d e r 1.a n0d0 $ under 1. 0 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 1. 3 0 E l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n ) N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________ 42 42 $ 0 . 95 .9 5 G u a r d s __________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ 352 338 2 .3 7 2 .4 3 J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 _________________________ 604 508 96 26 2 . 00 2 . 09 1 .5 7 1 .9 1 3 24 24 3 3 - J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ____ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________ 128 56 72 1 .5 2 1 .9 5 1. 18 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________ P u b lic u t il it ie s 4 __________________________ O rd e r f ille r s 1, 007 §99 108 29 2 .2 0 2 .2 4 1. 94 2 .2 8 16 12 12 35 4 31 8 8 3 3 _ 5 5 - - 2 2 _ 2 2 - - _ - R e c e iv in g c l e r k s ____ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g .................. 85 54 31 2 .2 8 2 .4 6 1 .9 6 S h ip p in g c l e r k s ________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ 2 . 51 2 .5 2 S h ip p in g a n d r e c e iv in g c l e r k s M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________ 97 89 84 63 T r u c k d r i v e r s 5 .... _ _ _ . ... M a n u fa c tu r in g _ ....................... ............... N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 _____ _________________ 768 361 407 166 2 .2 5 2 . 32 2 .2 0 2 .2 3 - T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d iu m ( 1 V2 to a n d in c lu d in g 4 t o n s ) N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________ 376 T59 2 .2 2 2 . 13 - - T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ) ______________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________ 162 87 2 .3 9 2 .3 3 - T r u c k d r i v e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e ) ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ _____________________ 86 38 2 .2 4 2 . 15 T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (f o r k li f t ) ____________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ 375 356 2 .2 8 2 .2 8 - T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o t h e r th a n f o r k l if t ) M a n u fa c tu r in g _ ________ __________________ 192 192 2 .4 9 2 .4 9 33 1. 78 W a tc h m e n ___________________________________ _ 2 .2 0 2 .2 4 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 12 7 5 - 8 8 8 - 2 . 15 1 .4 0 5 5 2 2 - 6 6 6 - 2 . 32 2 .3 2 1 .4 0 . 11 11 - 155 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 . 16 171 167 $ . 2 2 P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ $ - $ 1. 6 0 $ 1. 7 0 $ 1. 8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 1 .7 0 1. 8 0 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 .2 0 4 121 1 27 27 6 6 30 30 18 18 9 9 14 14 2 2 12 5 7 10 10 25 25 10 8 2 14 14 18 18 2 2 8 4 4 4 3 2 1 28 6 22 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 19 - 35 35 5 5 - - " - 47 33 14 2 3 1 2 - 6 6 - 18 6 12 - 1 1 _ 51 7 44 38 - " 4 4 2 2 - 7 7 335 334 1 1 2 2 - - _ 153 153 11 7 4 4 - 24 24 108 75 33 17 12 “ _ 13 13 ' 62 57 5 5 - 3 2 1 14 10 - 3 .0 0 . 15 9 6 8 " 2. 90 _ 2 2 27 27 - 8 - 2 . 80 . 178 172 6 1 8 2 - 2 .7 0 144 141 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 - 1 1 - $ 2 . 90 43 37 6 6 . - 6 6 - . . $ 2 .8 0 72 72 _ - 8 7 1 _ 5 5 - 12 12 1 6 ------ 6 ^ 7 8 2 ----5 2 10 - ’ 6 h 8 8 8 8 - 69 59 24 23 1 1 226 224 2 - 7 7 $ 3 . 00 and over 4 4 2 2 " 1 1 10 ib - 1 1 9 4 7 3 17 17 15 13 39 25 14 4 92 48 44 2 6 4 2 - 145 13 132 1 188 136 52 4 87 17 70 70 75 73 2 - 1 34 32 2 2 " 22 22 22 1 1 1 1 - 6 - 10 10 57 42 5 2 135 129 132 - 2 - 23 “ - - - - ■ 7 7 - - 30 30 - 4 4 2 2 73 3 14 12 31 29 - 1 " - - 12 12 - 24 24 45 26 12 12 56 56 45 45 " 99 99 3 3 - - 4 4 3 3 4 4 19 19 146 146 6 6 - 49 49 32 32 50 2 9 9 25 25 - - - - 2 7 6 - - - - - - - 7 4 - - - - - - - - - _ 4 6 2 - - - 9 9 1 1 _ _ 1 2 - _ _ _ - Data lim ited to men w ork ers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. W orkers w ere distributed as follows: 3 at under $ 0. 80; 3 at $ 0 . 8 0 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 18 at $ 0 . 9 0 to $ 1 . Transportation, com munication, and other public u tilities. Includes all d riv ers reg a rd less of size and type of truck operated. 35 35 117 109 8 - 2 . 60 . 2 .4 0 . 2. 70 14 14 _ 1 1 2 3 4 5 23 7 16 12 2 . 50 2 . 30 $ - 46 28 18 3 1 1 12 12 _ 12 12 $ 2 . 60 $ 2 .4 0 52 52 - 8 8 8 6 2 . 12 2 10 4 4 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .3 0 4 - 8 B : E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s a n d S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s io n s T a b le B-L Shift D ifferen tials (P e r c e n t of m a n u fa c tu rin g p lan t w o rk e rs in e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r sh ift w ork, and in e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly o p e ra tin g la te sh ifts by type and am o u n t of d iffe re n tia l, C anton, Ohio, D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s 1 fo r— Shift d iffe re n tia l In e s ta b lis h m e n ts a c tu a lly op e ra tin g — Second sh ift w o rk T h ird o r o th er sh ift w ork Second shift T hird o r o th e r sh ift T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------ 94. 8 9 0 .9 2 5 .5 1 4 .2 W ith sh ift pay d i f f e r e n tia l-------------------- ---- — - 9 3 .3 9 0 .9 25. 1 1 4 .2 U niform c en ts (p e r h o u r ) ------------------------- 9 0 .2 87. 8 2 3 .9 1 3 .4 5 c e n t s ------------------------------- --------------6 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------7V* c e n t s --------------------------------------------8 c en ts -----------------------------------------------9 c en ts — ------- ------------------------------------10 c e n t s ----------------------------------------- ---10Va c e n t s -------------------------------------------11 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------12 c en ts ---------------------------------------------15 c e n t s --------------------------------- -----------O v er 15 c e n t s --------------------------------------- 7. 6 3. 5 2 .9 5 4 .2 1 4 .3 7. 7 - 3 .2 6 .8 2 .8 5 .4 1 .5 .8 6 4. 0 2. 5 .8 2 .2 .9 .9 1 3 .4 4 .8 1 .8 " .5 .7 .1 .3 .1 .1 1 1 .2 .4 U niform p e r c e n t a g e --------------------------------- 3. 1 3. 1 1 .2 .8 5 p e rc e n t --------------------------------------------10 p e rc e n t ------------------------------------------ 3. 1 . 3. 1 1 .2 - _ .8 No s h ift pay d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------------------- 1 .5 -1 .4 1 In cludes e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u rr e n tly o p e ra tin g la te s h ifts , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo rm a l p ro v is io n s c o v e rin g la te sh ifts even though th ey w e re n o t c u rr e n tly o p e ra tin g la te s h ifts . 9 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salqries for W o m e n O ffice W o rk e rs (D istrib u tio n of e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tran ce s a la r y fo r s e le c te d c a te g o r ie s of in ex p er ien ced w om en o ffice w o r k e r s, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er 1 9 5 9 ) In ex p erien ced ty p ists M anufacturing M in im u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1 Other in ex p er ien ced c le r ic a l w o rk ers a Nonm anuf a ctur ing Manufa ctur ing B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll in d u s trie s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 40 79 43 46 1 17 6 3 3 2 5 2 1 1 26 79 43 XXX 36 XXX E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m — U n d e r $ 4 0 .0 0 ...................................... $40. 00 a n d u n d e r $42. 50 -------------- --------$42. 50 a n d u n d e r $45. 00 ----------------------$45. 00 a n d u n d e r $47. 50 ----------------------$47. 50 a n d u n d e r $50. 00 ----------------------$50. 00 a n d u n d e r $52. 50 ----------------------$52. 50 a n d u n d e r $55. 00 ----------------------$55. 00 a n d u n d e r $57. 50 ----------------------$57. 50 a n d u n d e r $60. 00 ----------------------$60. 00 a n d u n d e r $6 2 .5 0 ----------------------$62. 50 a n d u n d e r $65. 00 ----------------------$65. 00 a n d u n d e r $67. 50 ----------------------$67. 50 a n d u n d e r $70. 00 ----------------------$70.00 a n d o v e r ---------------------------------E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m --------------------------------E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s i n t h i s c a t e g o r y -------------------------- 46 1 17 6 4 3 26 24 15 1 7 2 3 2 2 3 2 7 1 2 2 2 3 2 20 1 10 4 1 1 - - 2 2 1 1 - 2 5 2 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - - 4 XXX 5 XXX - 4 4 13 8 9 2 - - 20 8 - 1 - XXX A ll s c h e d u le s A ll s c h e d u le s E s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d ------------------------------ XXX 11 N onm anufacturing B a s e d on s t a n d a r d vw eekly h o u r s 3 of A ll in d u s trie s 7 1 3 2 2 3 2 - A ll s c h e d u le s 40 XXX 36 XXX 23 20 1 10 15 1 5 - 2 40 - 7 2 2 2 3 2 8 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 1 4 4 4 - 18 11 XXX 7 XXX 6 XXX 9 XXX 1 - - 1 1 15 1 - - 1 L ow est s a la r y rate fo r m a lly es ta b lis h e d fo r h irin g in ex p er ien ced w o rk ers fo r typing or other c le r ic a l jo b s. a R ates ap p licab le to m e s s e n g e r s , offic e g ir ls , or s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jobs a re not co n sid ere d . 3 H ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich em p lo y e es r e c e iv e th eir re g u la r str a ig h t- tim e s a la r ie s . Data are p resen ted fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b in ed , and fo r the m o s t com m on w ork w eek rep o rted . Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u stries and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by sch ed u led w eek ly hours of f ir s t - s h if t w o r k e r s , Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er 1 9 5 9 ) OFFICE WORKERS W eekly hours A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------------------U nder 37V a h o u r s -------------------------------------------------3 7 Va h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------O ver 37V a and under 4 0 h o u r s ---------------------------4 0 h ours ---------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 0 and under 4 4 h o u r s ------------------------------4 4 h ours ---------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 4 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------1 * 3 4 PLANT WORKERS All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 (4 ) 3 6 88 (4 ) 3 (4 ) (4 ) 4 3 91 i4 ) " . - 99 (4 ) 1 (4 ) 94 - _ - 2 2 1 1 99 _ _ " 12 Includes data fo r w h o le s a le trade; r e ta il trade; fin a n ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th o se in d u stry d iv isio n s shown se p a r a te ly . T ran sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other p ub lic u t ilit ie s . Includes data for w h o le s a le tra d e, r e ta il trad e, r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th o se i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e ss than 0 . 5 p er c e n t. _ _ 88 10 Table B~4. Paid Holidays (Percen t distribution of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Canton, Ohio, D ecem ber 1959) OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries 1 Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 A ll w o rk ers ---------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 W ork ers in e sta b lish m e n ts provid in g paid h olid ays -----------------------------------W ork ers in e sta b lish m e n ts p rovid in g no paid h o lid a y s ---------------------------------- 99 99 100 96 97 92 4 3 8 1 1 16 _ 1 7 _ - - 8 61 2 1 5 10 69 3 1 6 1 (4 ) (4 ) 1 24 2 7 43 14 4 3 1 15 (4 ) 7 49 19 6 2 N u m b er o f d a y s L e s s than 5 h olid a y s ----------------------------5 h olid ays -----------------------------------------6 h olid ays -----------------------------------------6 h olid ays plus 1 h alf d a y -----------------------6 h olid ays plus 2 h alf days ---------------------7 h olid ays -----------------------------------------7 h olid ays plus 1 h alf d a y -----------------------7 h olid ays plus 2 h alf d a y s ----------------------8 h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------- _ - 4 - - 77 - 19 - 1 - 80 11 T otal h o lid a y tim e 5 8 d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7l/z or m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------- 7 or m o r e d a y s --------------------------------------- -------------67a or m o re d a y s ----------------------------------- -------------6 or m o re d a y s --------------------------------------- -------------5 or m o re days ----------------------------------------------------3 or m o re d ays ----------------------------------------------------2 or m o r e days ----------------------------------------------------- 7 8 22 27 83 83 98 99 99 99 71 73 98 99 99 99 19 19 97 97 100 100 100 100 7 7 9 10 89 89 96 97 97 97 78 78 94 95 96 96 11 11 91 91 92 92 92 92 1 Includes data fcrr w holesale trade; reta il trade; finance, insurance, and re a l estate; and se r v ic e s in addition to those industry divisions shown sep arately . a T ransportation, communication, and other public u tilities. 3 Includes data for w holesale trad e, re ta il trad e, rea l e sta te, and se rv ic e s in addition to those industry divisions shown sep arately. 4 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. * All combinations of full and half days that add to the sam e amount a re combined; for exam ple, the proportion of w orkers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half day s, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 11 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a ca tio n pay p rovision s, Canton, Ohio, Decem ber 1959) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V acation p olicy All industries 1 A ll w o rk ers _______________________ ___________ Manufacturing Public utilities * All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 82 17 - 100 79 21 - 100 100 - ■ “ " 1 ” - 5 34 35 1 37 43 18 - 22 4 ( 5) 25 1 - 14 - ( 5) 24 1 75 _ 14 86 _ 59 17 24 2 88 5 4 2 91 6 1 _ 67 14 15 _ 12 5 83 - _ 10 1 88 - _ 2 44 54 1 77 9 12 1 1 86 8 4 1 _ 7 41 52 - 7 3 90 - 5 5 90 - _ 100 - 25 53 21 1 27 64 7 1 _ 8 92 2 _ 100 5 - 4 86 5 3 4 93 96 4 M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W ork ers in esta b lis h m e n ts providing paid v a ca tio n s _____________________________ L en gth -of-tim e paym ent ______________ ___ P e r c e n ta g e paym ent ___________________ __ F la t-su m paym ent __ ____________________ W ork ers in esta b lis h m e n ts providing no paid v a ca tio n s ___________________________ Am ount o f v a c a t io n p a y 4 A fter 6 m onths of s e r v ic e Under 1 wrp Ic 1 w eek ________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w eek s ______________ ___ A fter 1 y ear of s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w eek __ __ 1 w eek _______________________ __ , Over 1 and under 2 w eek s ___________________ 2 w eek s ________ ____________________________ A fter 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e U n d er 1 w eek ------------- _ ____________________ 1 w eek ____ ________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 w eek s ___________________ 2 w eek s _____________________________ _______ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s ________ _______ A fter 3 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ---------- ------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s __________ _______ 2 w eek s _______________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s _________________ A fter 5 y e a r s of s e r v ic e w eek ________________________________________ 2 w eek s _________________ ________________ _____ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s ____________________ 3 w eek s ___________ _______________ __________ l S ee footn otes at end of ta b le. 2 93 4 2 90 6 12 Table B-5. Paid Vqcations-Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a ca tio n pay p r o v is io n s , C anton, O hio, D ecem b er 1 9 5 9 ) PLA N T WORKERS OFFICE W ORKERS V a catio n p o licy All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 Amount off vacation pay 4—Continued A fte r 10 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s ____________________ 2 w e e k s ____ __ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ________ __ __ __ 3 w eek s ______________ ______ _______ __________ 4 w eek s __ __ ______ 1 41 20 39 " 1 33 27 40 " _ 76 24 - 3 1 31 54 11 ( 5) 2 1 27 65 4 - 1 15 83 1 ! 8 91 - _ 2 98 _ 3 1 6 13 73 2 1 2 1 6 16 73 2 _ _ _ 93 - 7 1 15 81 _ 3 1 8 91 - 2 1 _ _ _ 1 15 36 17 31 1 8 34 24 33 _ 79 17 4 A fter 15 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____ _ ____________ _ _____ ___ __ O ver 1 an d under 2 w e e k s _____________________ 2 w eek s _______________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ____________________ 3 w eek s _ __ __ _ _ _ ^ O ver 3 an d under 4 w eek s ____________________ 4 w eek s _______ _ __ _ - A fter 20 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ___________________ _________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 w eek s O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s 3 w eek s O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s __ _ 4 w eek s ----------------------------------------------------- ( 5) _ _ 2 98 _ - 3 1 5 4 13 67 2 9 16 70 2 3 1 2 1 4 93 7 A fte r 25 y e a r s of s e r v ic e 1 w eek ________________________________________ O ver 1 an d under 2 w e e k s 2 w eek s . . O ver 2 an d under 3 w eek s ____________________ 3 w eek s ___ ___________ __ _ O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s ____________________ 4 w eek s 1 * 3 4 s e r v ic e 5 _ 2 58 40 5 2 31 44 14 4 _ _ _ _ _ 2 29 64 8 36 54 Inclu d es data for w h o le s a le trade; r e ta il trade; fin a n ce, in su r a n c e , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s in a d dition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a r a te ly . T ra n sp o r ta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u tilit ie s . Inclu d es data for w h o le s a le trad e, r e ta il trad e, r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in a d dition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s shown s e p a r a te ly . P e r io d s of s e r v ic e w e r e a r b itr a r ily c h o sen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the in d ivid u al p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e s s io n s . F or ex a m p le , the ch a n g es in p ro p o rtio n s in d ica ted at 10 in clu d e ch a n g es in p ro v is io n s o ccu rrin g b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . L e s s than 0 . 5 p ercen t. NOTE: In the tab u lation s of v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s by y e a r s of s e r v ic e , p aym en ts other than "length of t im e ," such a s p erc en ta g e o f annual ea r n in g s to an eq u ivalen t tim e b a sis; for e x a m p le , a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n sid e r e d a s 1 w e e k ’s pay. years’ or fla t- su m paym ents, w e r e co n v er te d 13 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s em p lo y ed in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p roviding h ealth , in su ra n ce, or p en sio n b en efits, Canton, Ohio, D ecem b er 19 5 9 ) PLA N T WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Type of b en efit All industries 1 A ll w o rk ers __________________________________ 100 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 2 W orkers in esta b lis h m e n ts providing: L ife in s u r a n c e _____________________________ A ccid e n ta l death and d ism em b erm en t in s u r a n c e ___ _________ ___________________ S ick n ess and a cc id en t in su ra n ce or sick le a v e or b o th 4 ______________________ 94 99 55 94 99 59 43 43 15 38 39 30 91 98 55 90 97 59 S ick n ess and a cc id en t in su ra n ce _______ Sick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p erio d )________________________ Sick le a v e (p a r tia l pay or w aitin g p e r i o d ) _______________________ 61 72 20 83 96 18 47 45 42 4 - 15 8 7 13 5 3 37 H o sp ita liza tio n in su ran ce _________________ S u rgical in su ra n ce ________________________ M ed ical in s u r a n c e _________________________ C atastroph e in su ra n ce ____________________ R etire m en t p e n s i o n _______________________ No h ealth , in su ra n ce, or p en sion p l a n ___ 89 87 57 11 76 1 99 99 63 9 83 86 86 83 17 53 93 91 64 2 71 1 99 98 69 1 77 77 77 66 14 59 1 2 3 4 lis h at In clu d es data for w h o le s a le trade; r e ta il trade; fin a n ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s shown s ep a ra tely . T ran sp ortation , com m u n ication , and oth er public u t ilitie s . In clu d es data for w h o le sa le trad e, r e ta il tra d e, r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s shown sep a ra tely . U nduplicated to ta l of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g sick le a v e or sick le a v e or s ic k n e s s and a cc id en t in su ra n ce shown s ep a ra tely b elo w . S ick -lea v e p lan s a re lim ite d to th o se w hich d efin ite ly e s ta b le a s t the m in im u m num ber of days* pay that can be ex p ected by ea ch em p lo y e e Inform al s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n ce s d eterm in ed on an ind ivid u al b a s is a re ex clu d ed . 15 Appendix: T h e p r im a r y fie ld sta ff title s and o f p re p a rin g jo b d e s c r ip t i o n s fo r th e B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s i s to a s s i s t i t s in c l a s s i f y i n g in t o a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l d iffe r e n t e s s e n t i a l in o rd er B e c a u s e o f th is B u re au ’s p u rp o se Occupational Descriptions jo b w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s fr o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t t o e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d fro m a r e a to a r e a . to p e r m it th e e m p h a sis on d e s c r ip tio n s T h is is g r o u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b c o n te n t. in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in te r a re a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t , th e m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y fro m t h o s e in u s e in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d fo r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p l y i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , t h e B u r e a u ’ s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e in s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a i n e e s , h a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s , p a r t-tim e , te m p o r a r y , a n d p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . O FFIC E B I L L E R , M A C H IN E P rep ares th a n an B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E state m e n ts, b ills, o r d in a ry o r e le c t r o m a t ic and in v o ic e s ty p e w r ite r . M ay on a m a c h in e a lso o th e r k eep reco rd s a s to b il lin g s or s h ip p in g c h a r g e s or p erfo rm o th e r c l e r i c a l w o rk in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e ra tio n s. F or w age stu d y O p e ra te s B ille r , m a c h in e c o m b in a tio n (h illin g H o p k in s, ty p in g and F ish e r , a d d in g b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e a ty p e w r ite r k ey b o ard ) to keep a reco rd of reco rd s C la s s — U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a B u rro u g h s, m a c h in e s) e t c ., to p re p a re w h ic h are b ills an d in A — K eeps a set p ro p e r r e c o r d s a n d d istr ib u tio n s h e e t s , a n d o th e r r e c o r d s b y h a n d . c h in e , a n d and sh ip p in g m ay in v o lv e s ch arg es a p p lic a tio n and e n try of p red e th e b i l l p rep ared b e in g in v o lv e s a la r g e n um ber o f c a rb o n c o p ie s o f and is o fte n done on a fa n fo ld C la s s m a t o t a l s w h ic h a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e d b y m a c h in e . u su a lly m a c h in e . a set m a c h in e m ay or b ills as v o lv e s o rd . , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g (S u n d stra h d , m ay not have p a r t o f th e th e The E llio tt ty p e w r ite r s im u lta n e o u s m a c h in e k e e p in g . W o rk s s lip s. fro m to a b o o k k e e p in g R a n d , e t c . , w h ic h G e n e r a lly in fig u r e s on a n um ber an d u s u a lly p r in ts a u to m a tic a lly and a k n o w le d g e o f u se d . D e te r m in e s M ay p re p a re c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e B — K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o n e o r m o re p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f of reco rd s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little k n o w le d g e of b a sic book b ille r , v e n to ry m a c h in e ), c o s t c o n tr o l, e tc . b a la n c e s an d p rep are M ay d istr ib u tio n , ch eck ex p en se or a s s is t c o n tro l s h e e t s in d istr ib u tio n , in p r e p a ra tio n o f tr ia l fo r th e a c c o u n t i n g d e p a r t m e n t . C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G on c u s to m e r s ’ le d g e r r e c D o e s n o t in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k u n ifo r m r e q u ir in g p rep are c u sto m e r s’ o p e r a tio n . a c c u m u la te s o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s a n d c o m p u te s c r e d it k ey b o ard ) o f fig u re s a u to m a tic a lly — U se s R e m in g to n r e c e iv a b le e n try th e d e b it o r c r e d it b a l a n c e s . m a c h in e ) F ish e r , a c c o u n ts tr a n sa c tio n s. k e e p in g * P h a s e s or s e c t i o n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ’ a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d un der B ille r b u sin e ss of n ece ssa ry o r m ay n o t b e c o m p u te d on th e b il lin g T h e o p e ra tio n E llio tt o f d e b it a n d c r e d it it e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . d isc o u n ts of th e s tr u c tu r e o f th e p a r t ic u l a r a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m sh ip p in g m e m o r a n d u m s, e t c . U s u a l l y te r m in e d R an d, R e g i s t e r , w ith o r w ith o u t a n d e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w ith v o i c e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ’ p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , e x t e n s io n s , w h ic h (R e m in g to n p u r p o s e s , b il le r s , m a c h in e , a re m a c h in e ) E llio tt a F is h e r , S u n d stra n d , B u rro u g h s, N a tio n a l C a s h c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , a s fo llo w s : c h in e (M o o n O PERATO R sta n d a rd ty p e s of sa le s and C la s s A — U n d e r g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n a n t, h a s r e s p o n sib ility o f a b o o k k eep er or a c co u n t fo r k e e p in g o n e o r m o re s e c t i o n s of a com p le te s e t o f b o o k s or r e c o r d s r e la tin g to o n e p h a s e o f a n e s t a b lis h m e n t’ s b u s in e s s tr a n sa c tio n s. W o rk i n v o l v e s p o s t i n g a n d b a l a n c i n g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r or le d g e r s s u c h a s a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le or a c c o u n ts 16 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G — C o n tin u e d C LER K , PA Y RO LL p a y a b l e ; e x a m in in g a n d c o d in g i n v o i c e s o r v o u c h e r s w ith p r o p e r a c c o u n tin g d istr ib u tio n ; r e q u ir e s ju d g m e n t a n d p roper a ss ig n a tio n s and ju s tin g jo u r n a l e n t r i e s ; m ay d ir e c t c l a s s and c lo sin g a llo c a tio n s . e x p e rie n c e M ay a s s i s t in in m a k in g p re p a rin g , a d B a c c o u n tin g c le r k s. C la s s — U n d e r s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o re r o u t in e a c B c o u n tin g o p e r a tio n s s u c h c o u n ts p a y a b le r e c o n c ilin g by v o u ch ers, bank does p o stin g a p r i n c i p l e s b u t i s f o u n d in o f f i c e s in vou ch er r e g iste r s; s u b s id ia r y s im p le k n o w le d g e le d g e r s b a se d w ages on tim e tim e , rate , m ake out p ay ch eck s in fo r m a tio n d e d u c tio n s p a y e n v e lo p e s. D u tie s in v o lv e : C a lc u la tin g w o rk e rs' o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; p o s tin g c a lc u la t e d d a ta on p a y r o ll s h e e t , sh o w in g d ay s, in g o f c o m p a n y e m p lo y e e s a n d e n t e r s th e n e c e s p a y r o ll s h e e t s . and fo r a ssist su ch a s w o r k e r 's n a m e , in su ra n c e , p a y m a ste r w o r k in g and to tal w a g e s d u e. in m a k in g M ay u p an d d istr ib u t M ay u s e a c a lc u la t in g m a c h in e . a c c o u n tin g COM PTO M ETER O PERA TO R c o n tr o lle d c o s t a c c o u n tin g d a t a . of e a r n in g s th e jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s o r a c v o u ch ers p o stin g or p o stin g n o t r e q u ir e s im p le e n te r in g a c co u n ts; g e n e ra l le d g e r s, jo b as C o m p u te s s a r y d a ta on T h is a n d b o o k k e e p in g in w h ic h t h e m o re r o u t in e a c c o u n t in g w o rk i s s u b d iv id e d on a fu n c t io n a l b a s i s a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . P rim a ry tic a l d u ty c o m p u ta tio n s . t ic a l or o th e r to m e te r i s to o p e r a te a C o m p to m e te r to p e rfo rm m a th e m a T h is jo b i s n o t to b e c o n f u s e d w ith t h a t o f s t a t i s ty p e o f c le r k , w h ic h m ay in v o lv e fr e q u e n t u s e o f a C o m p b u t, in w h ic h , u s e o f t h i s m a c h in e i s i n c i d e n t a l t o p e r f o r m a n c e o f o th e r d u t ie s . C LER K , F IL E C la s s ber — In A o f v a r ie d pondence reco rd s v ise fo rm an e sta b lish e d s u b je c t m atte r or o th e r m a te r ia l; m ay o f v a rio u s o th e rs in ty p e s filin g and in filin g file s, sy ste m c la ssifie s a lso file c o n ju n c t io n lo c a tin g c o n ta in in g and th is m a te r ia l. w ith m a t e r i a l in file s th e a num D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E file s. U nder M ay k e e p or m ay su p e r M ay p e r or — P e r fo r m s r o u tin e f i l i n g , u s u a l l y o f m a t e r ia l t h a t h a s B been a ssists c la ssifie d in lo c a tin g o r w h ic h m a te r ia l su p e rv isio n u s i n g a M im e o g ra p h o r D it t o m a c h i n e . p rep are C la s s gen eral is in e a sily file s. s te n c il m aste rs. M ay p e rfo rm in c id e n ta l KEYPUNCH p u n c h in g C LER K , ORDER or D itto m a s t e r . gen eral R e c e i v e s c u s t o m e r s 'o r d e r s fo r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e b y m a il, in v o lv e an y c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : Q u o tin g p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m a k in g o u t a n o r d e r s h e e t l i s t i n g th e it e m s up th e o rd er; d istr ib u tin g M a k e s n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s u c h I s n o t r e q u ir e d to M ay k e e p f il e o f u s e d s t e n c i l s or D itto su p e rv isio n a c c o u n tin g and a s e r i e s o f h o l e s in t h e c a r d s fo r m a tio n o n r e c o r d s . v ic e a tt a c h e d to M ay m a c h in e . w ith no su p e rv iso r y r e s p o n s i an d s t a t i s t i c a l d a ta on ta b u la tin g c a r d s by a n a lp h a b e t ic a l o r a n u m e r ic a l sh e e t; su p e rv iso r y r e s p o n s i O PERATO R U nder to m a k e no M ay s o r t , c o lla t e , a n d s t a p le c o m p le te d m a te r ia l. b ilitie s, reco rd s D u tie s w ith id e n tifia b le , o r lo c a t e s c le r ic a l d u tie s. p h o n e, or p e r so n a lly . and b i l i t i e s , r e p r o d u c e s m u ltip le c o p i e s o f ty p e w r itte n o r h a n d w r itte n m a tte r, a s fo r in k a n d p a p e r f e e d c o u n t e r a n d c y lin d e r s p e e d . in c id e n ta l c le r ic a l d u t ie s . a lr e a d y O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H O R D IT T O ) in d e x e s c o r r e s in a s p e c i f i e d s e q u e n c e , u s i n g k e y p u n c h m a c h in e , fo llo w in g w r itte n in d u p lic a te c a r d s b y u s in g th e d u p lic a tin g d e M ay keep file s of punch card s. M ay v e rify ow n w o rk o r w o rk o f o t h e r s . c h e c k in g p r ic e s a n d q u a n titie s o f ite m s on o rd e r ord er s h e e t s to r e s p e c t i v e d e p a rtm e n ts to b e f i l le d . O F F IC E B O Y O R G IR L M a y c h e c k w ith c r e d i t d e p a r t m e n t to d e t e r m in e c r e d i t r a t i n g o f c u s t o m e r , a c k n o w le d g e r e c e ip t o f o rd ers fro m P e rfo rm s c u s t o m e r s , fo llo w u p o r d e r s to s e e o ffic e r o u tin e d u tie s su ch e ra tin g p i n g i n v o i c e s w ith o r i g i n a l o r d e r s . d i s t r i b u t i n g m a i l , a n d o t h e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . m in o r v a rio u s th a t th e y h a v e b e e n f ille d , k e e p file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , a n d c h e c k s h ip a s r u n n in g e r r a n d s , o p m a c h in e s s u c h a s s e a l e r s o r m a ile r s , o p e n in g and 17 SECRETA RY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone c a lls ; handling personal and important or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own in itiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare sp e c ia l reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more p erson s, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May a lso type from written copy. May a lso se t up and keep file s in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s n o t i n c l u d e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e w o rk (se e transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECH N ICA L Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialize d vocabulary such a s in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May a lso type from written copy. May a lso se t up and keep file s in order, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s n o t i n c l u d e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e w o r k . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls . May record toll c a lls and take m e ssa g e s. May give information to per son s who c a ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who a lso act a s reception ists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD O PERA TO R-RECEPTIO N IST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a sin gle p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, a c ts a s receptionist and may a ls o type or perform routine clerical work a s part of regular duties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABLLATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR C l a s s A — Operates a variety of tabulating or ele ctrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines a s the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring a s required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of ste p s to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequen ces of long and complex reports. D o e s n o t i n c l u d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations andday-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C l a s s B — Operates more difficult tabulating or e lectrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically in volves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting e x e rcise , a complete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well estab lish ed . May a lso include the training of new em ployees in the b asic operation of the machine. C l a s s C — Operates simple tabulating or e le ctrica l account ing machines such a s the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp ecific instructions. May include sim ple wiring from diagram s and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collatin g runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, G EN ERA L Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a ls o type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or sp ecializ e d vocabulary such a s legal briefs or reports on scie n tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is c la ssifie d a s a stenographer, general. 18 T Y P IST T Y P IST — Continued U ses a typewriter to make co p ies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calcu lation s have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n c ils, m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro c e sse s. May do clerical work involving little s p e c ia l training, such a s keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la s s A — Performs o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from sev eral sources o r respon sibility for correct spellin g, syllab icatio n , punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tab les to maintain uniformity and balance in sp acin g. May type routine form letters varying d e tails to su it circum stances. C l a s s B — Performs o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o lic ie s, e tc .; settin g up sim ple standard tabulation s, or copying more com plex tab les already se t up and spaced properly. P R O F E S S IO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssista n t draftsman) Draws to sc a le units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. U se s various types of drafting tools a s required. May prepare drawings from sim ple plans or sk e tch e s, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEA D ER P lan s and d irects activ itie s of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketch es for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. D uties involve a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Interpreting blueprints, sk e tch e s, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; a ssig n in g duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a s s i s t subordinates during em ergencies or a s a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plan s and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketch es for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p o se s. Duties involve a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Preparing work ing p lan s, detail drawings, m aps, cro ss-se ctio n s, e tc ., to s c a le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such a s those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tr u ss e s; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and q uan tities; writing sp ecific atio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lin es and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a sp ecializ e d field such a s architectural, e le ctrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (R EG ISTERED ) A registered nurse who g iv es nursing serv ice to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an acciden t on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a c o m b i n a • t io n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent d ressin g of em ployees' in ju ries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting ph ysical exam inations and health evaluations of applican ts and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activ itie s affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. TRACER C opies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pen cil. U se s T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 19 M A IN TEN A N C E D P O W E R P LA N T CA R PEN TER , MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BO ILER Performs the carpentry duties n e c e ssary to constructand main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such a s bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, c a sin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power to o ls, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selectin g m aterials n ec e ssary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ire s stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F e e d s fu els to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, g a s, or oil burner; checks water and safety v a lv e s. May clean , oil, or a s s i s t in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIA N , MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of e lectrical trade functions such as the in stallation , maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such a s generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit sy stem s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other sp ecification s;,lo catin g and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician ’ s handtools and measuring and testin g instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to su p ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work in volves: Operating and maintaining equipment such a s steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a l s o supervise these operations. H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e t h a n o n e e n g i n e e r care e x c l u d e d . H E L P E R , TRA D ES, MAINTENANCE A s s is t s one or more workers in the sk illed maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of le s se r sk ill, such a s keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and to o ls; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; a ss is tin g worker by holding m aterials or to ols; performing other unskilled ta sk s a s directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working a re a s; and in others he is per mitted to perform sp ecialize d machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a ls o performed by workers on a full-time b a s is . MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S p e cializ e s in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such a s jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lath es, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop to ols, gau ges, jig s , fixtu res, or d ie s. Work involves most o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; p rocessin g items requiring complicated setu ps or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selectin g fe ed s, sp e e d s, tooling and op eration sequen ce; making n ecessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressin g, to d ress to o ls, and to se le c t proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c la ssific a tio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Interpreting written instructions and sp e cific atio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’ s handtools and precision measuring instrum ents; settin g up and 20 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine to ols; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler an ces; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and sp eed s of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the m achinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints x/f other sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to s tr e s s e s , strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard to ols, equipment, and parts to be used; in stallin g and maintaining in good order power transm ission equipment such a s drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b u se s, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem b lin g equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools a s w renches, gau ges, d rills, or sp ecializ e d equipment in d isassem b lin g or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting v a lv e s; reassem blin g and in stallin g the various asse m b lies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Examining machines and mechan ic a l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written sp ecificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma ch in es; and making all n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssific a tio n are workers whose p r im a r y d u t i e s involve settin g up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new machines or heavy equipment and dism antles and in sta lls machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER L u b ricates, with oil or g re a se , the moving parts or wearing sur fa c e s of m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. PA INTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an e s tablishm ent. Work i n v o l v e s t h e f o l l o w i n g : Knowledge of surface pecu lia ritie s and types of paint required for different application s; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sisten cy. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs water, steam , g a s , or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written sp ecific atio n s; cutting various s iz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with sto ck s and d ie s; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p ressu re s, flow, and siz e of pipe required; making standard te sts to determine whether finished pipes meet sp ecific atio n s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. W o rk e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g b u i l d i n g s a n ita tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . 21 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE K eeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; in stallin g or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F ab ricate s, in sta lls, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such a s machine guards, grease pans, sh e lv es, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and lay ing out a ll types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other sp ecificatio n s; setting up and operating all availab le types of sheet-metal-working m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; in stallin g sheetmetal articles a s required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gau ges, jig s , fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecific atio n s; using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision m eas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and allo y s; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making n ecessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, sp e e d s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well a s of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u a litie s; working to clo se toleran ces; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, to ols, and p ro c e sse s. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c la ssific a tio n . C U ST O D IA L AND M A T E R IA L M OVEM ENT ELEV A TO R OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PO R TER , OR CLEA N ER — Continued Transports p assen gers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such a s those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishm ent. Duties involve a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Sweeping, mopping o r scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing su pplies and minor mainte nance se rv ic e s; cleaning lav atories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecializ e in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police d uties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . I n c l u d e s g a t e m en w h o a r e s t a t i o n e d a t g a t e a n d c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s a n d LA BO RER, MATERIAL HANDLING o th e r p e rso n s e n te r in g . JANITOR, PO R TER , OR C LEA N ER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C lean s and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartment house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Loading and unloading various m aterials and merchandise on or 22 LA BO RER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PA CKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLER K Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (ll /% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heairy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forkljift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE :1960 0— 541920 O ccu p ation al Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1961. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Cleveland, Ohio, September 1959 — BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959 — BLS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents Dallas, T ex., October 1959 — BLS Bull. 1265-3, price 20 cents