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/ I I Occupational Wage Survey CANTON, OHIO APRIL 1964 B u l l e t i n No. 1 3 8 5 - 6 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey CANTON, OHIO APRIL 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-64 July 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page Introduction________________________________________________________________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups----------------------------------------Tables: 1. 2. A: A preliminary report and an individual area bul letin present survey results for each labor market studied. After completion of all of the individual area bulletins for a round of surveys, a two-part summary bulletin is issued. The first part brings data for each of the labor markets studied into one bulletin. The second part presents in formation which has been projected from individual labor market data to relate to economic regions and the United States. B: Eighty-two labor markets currently are included in the program. Information on occupational earnings is collected annually in each area. Information on establish ment practices and supplementary wage provisions is ob tained biennially in most of the areas. This bulletin presents results of the survey in Canton, Ohio, in April 1964. It was prepared in the Bureau's regional office in Cleveland, Ohio, by Robert G. Bryan, under the direction of Elliott A. Browar, Assistant Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied----------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of change for selected periods____________________ Occupational earnings:* A - 1 . Office occupations—men and women_______________________ A - 2. Professional and technical occupations— men and women-----------------------------------------------------------------A -3 . Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women combined_______________________________ A - 4. Maintenance and power plant occupations------------------------A - 5. Custodial and material movement occupations___________ Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers___ B -2. Shift differentials----------------------------------------------------------------B -3. Scheduled weekly hours____________________________________ B -4. Paid holidays----------------------------------------------------------------------B -5. Paid vacations______________________________________________ B - 6 . Health, insurance, and pension plans------------------------------B -7. Paid sick leave_____________________________________________ Appendix: Occupational descriptions____________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other areas. (See inside back cover.) m 3 3 5 6 vO 00 -J The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is de signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and e s tablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for metropolitan area labor markets, for economic regions, and for the United States. A major consideration in the program is the need for greater insight into (a) the move ment of wages by occupational category and skill level, and (b) the structure and level of wages among labor markets and industry divisions. 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 19 Occupational Wage Survey—Canton, Ohio Introduction as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings atid related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted because they tend to furnish insufficient employ ment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabu lations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Differences in pay levels for selected occupations in which both men and women are commonly employed may be due to such factors as ( 1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among in dustries and establishments; ( 2) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis; and (3) differences in specific duties performed, although the occu pations are appropriately classified within the same survey job de scription. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments. This allows for minor differences among establish ments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. E s timates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differ ences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material move ment. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. The occupations selected for study are listed and described in the appendix. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described are not presented in the A -series tables because either ( 1) employment in the occupation is too small to provide enough data to merit presentation, or ( 2) there is possi bility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions as they relate to office and plant workers. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction workers who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. "Office workers" include working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical or related functions. "Plant workers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) en gaged in nonoffice functions. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but included in nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude pre mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, Minimum entrance salaries (table B -l) relate only to the e s tablishments visited. They are presented in terms of establishments with formal minimum entrance salary policies. I 2 Shift differential data (table B-2) are limited to plant workers in manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment policy, 1 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification "other" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. The scheduled weekly hours (table B-3) of a majority of the first-shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B-7) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B -2 through B -7 may not equal totals because of rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B-4) are limited to data on holidays granted annually on a formal basis; i. e. , ( 1) are provided for in written form, or (2) have been established by custom. Holidays ordinarily granted are included even though they may fall on a non workday, even if the worker is not granted another day off. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the number of whole and half holidays actually granted. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to formal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, payments not on a time basis were converted to a time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. * An establishment was considered as having a policy if it m et either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B - 6 and B-7) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions, 2 plans are included only if the employer ( 1) con tributes more than is legally required, or ( 2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans 3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to ( 1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and ( 2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com mercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker's life. 2 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Canton, Ohio, 1 by major industry division, 2 April 1964 Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll divisions------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing__________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing---------------------------------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 -----------------------------------------------------W holesale tr a d e ----------------------------------------------------------- -------Retail trade_________________________________________________ Finance, inaurance, and real e s ta te ..................................... Services 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Number of establishments Workers in establishments Within scope of study Within scope of study 3 Studied _ 196 50 - 106 90 50 50 50 50 50 15 15 41 12 7 11 4 12 6 4 Studied Total 4 Office Plant T otal4 87 62, 700 7, 200 4 6 ,7 0 0 47,200 50 37 4 9 ,4 0 0 13, 300 5, 200 2, 000 38, 300 8, 400 39, 300 7, 900 4, 1, 5, 1, 400 500 500 400 500 700 2, 200 (6) (6) (M ( ) () (6) C ) (6 ) 4, 040 490 2, 160 910 300 1 The Canton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Stark County. The "w orkers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to m easure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "a ll industries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (l) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Workers from this entire industry division are represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estim ates for "a ll indu stries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6 above. 8 Hotels; personal se rv ic e s; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of change 1 for selected periods, Canton, Ohio Index (December 1960=100) Industry and occupational group April 1964 Percents of change 1 April 1963 to April 1964 May 1962 to April 1963 December I960 to May 1962 December 1959 to December I960 A ll industries: Office clerical (men and women)____________ Industrial nurses (men and women)_________ Skilled maintenance (m en)___________________ Unskilled plant (men). _____________________ 105.6 110.4 105.7 105.4 0.3 5.0 .9 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.2 .8 5.0 3.6 3.5 3.1 1.7 2.7 3.1 3.5 Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women)____________ Industrial nurses (men and women)______ _ Skilled maintenance (m en)______ ___ ___ ______ Unskilled plant (men)_________________________ 104.7 109.9 105.4 104.7 2—.5 4.5 .7 .5 2—.3 1.5 1.0 .7 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 1.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 Unless otherwise indicated, all changes are increases. This decline largely reflects employee turnover within and between high- and low-wage establishments rather than wage decreases. 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group aggregate for each period after the base year ( 1961 ). The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally, the effects of ( 1) general salary and wage changes; ( 2 ) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other establishments in the area. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay for overtime. A: Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ Sex, occupation, and industry division Weekly hoars1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ 40 and under 45 $ $ $ 45 50 55 60 - - - - 50 55 60 65 $ $ $ $ $ t $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 70 75 80 85 90 95 10C 105 110 115 120 125 13C 135 140 145 150 155 160 2 ~ 1 1 - “ 1 1 5 5 3 3 11 11 1 1 2 1 4 3 2 1 11 7 17 17 2 2 2 2 6 6 - 3 3 5 5 3 3 2 2 7 7 3 3 1 1 6 6 _ _ - - _ 3 3 3 3 6 6 _ _ ~ ~ 14 14 9 9 5 5 4 3 1 7 3 2 5 3 2 1 4 1 2 1 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 11 11 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 HEN CLERKS. ACCOUNTING, CLASS A — *-- MANUFACTURING--- ------- ------ 70 61 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 124.50 125.00 CLERKS, O R D E R ------ *------- <----MANUFACTURING----------- ------ 34 30 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 108.50 109.50 1 CLERKS, PAYROLL------------ -----MANUFACTURING --- ---------*---- 46 44 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 120.50 119.50 - TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A -- ----------------- ----- 33 4 0 .0 112.50 2 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------- ----MANUFACTURING----------- ------ 33 30 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 102.00 103.50 7 5 MANUFACTURING ----------- *----- 165 32 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 5 7.50 6 7 . CC CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A — --MANUFACTURING ----------------NONMANUFACTURING -------- — ---- 112 65 47 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 85.50 8 8.00 8 2.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B — ---MANUFACTURING ----------------NCNMANUFACTURING -------- ------ 179 127 52 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 80.50 86.50 6 6.00 CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 7C 32 39 .5 3 9 .5 6 1 . CC 6 2.50 CLERKS, O R D E R --------------- ----MANUFACTURING ------------------ 40 28 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 77 .0 0 80.50 CLERKS, PAYROLL------------ -----MANUFACTURING------------- ----- 117 99 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 82. CC 83.50 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS -----------MANUFACTURING ------------ ----- 68 62 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 74 .0 0 7 5 .5C KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -- ----MANUFACTURING ----------------- 43 37 4C.0 4C.C 88. CO 8 9 .CO KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B ------MANUFACTURING ----------------NONMANUFACTURING-------- ------ 16C 126 34 4C.0 4C.C 4 0 .0 69 .5 0 7 1 . CC 6 3 . 5C SECRETARIES ---------------------MANUFACTURING----------- -----NONMANUFACTURING -------- — ---- 348 224 124 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4C.0 9 1.00 9 5 .0C 84.00 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ----------MANUFACTURING ----------------NONMANUFACTUPING --------------- 236 156 80 4C.C 4C.G 40.0 73 .0 0 73 .0 0 7 3 .CC 1 1 2 _ - _ _ - 1 - _ _ - - _ 1 - _ _ 2 WOMEN BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, See footnote at end of table. - “ _ - _ - * - _ - _ - - - " _ _ - _ _ - - _ _ 15 6 3 1 4 4 7 7 2 2 _ - _ - 4 4 30 4 26 17 12 5 23 20 3 8 6 2 6 6 “ 8 2 6 3 3 1 1 _ - _ - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ - 10 5 5 1 1 4 2 2 13 6 7 41 20 21 23 16 7 13 5 8 15 9 6 6 5 1 11 11 2 2 8 8 3 3 21 21 5 5 5 5 6 6 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 15 18 1 8 2 7 6 3 3 1 1 6 3 - 1 1 1C 8 4 2 8 7 2 _ - 4 2 4 4 11 10 20 14 3 2 12 12 _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ - - - - - ~ - 4 4 5 3 11 7 9 9 5 5 _ _ 1 1 1 8 8 9 4 5 8 7 1 1 1 - _ - _ - 1 1 1 1 - - 85 - _ - 4 - - - _ _ _ - “ - _ ~ ~ _ - _ - - 4 - 4 46 11 _ 1 - _ 1 1 - 1 1 4 4 6 5 16 16 18 11 2 2 4 4 6 5 12 12 12 12 12 12 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 13 9 7 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 1 11 3 8 _ 17 13 4 15 13 2 40 28 12 19 11 8 27 20 7 11 10 1 9 9 6 6 _ - 15 15 1 1 - 9 9 23 8 15 20 10 10 34 30 4 20 17 3 58 44 14 28 20 8 22 19 3 23 12 11 33 25 8 48 30 18 31 21 10 21 10 11 30 20 10 15 9 6 9 5 4 17 15 2 11 3 8 12 10 2 3 2 1 9 10 9 10 16 12 4 19 19 - - - 20 14 6 - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en— Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnin Average Sex, occupation, and industry division $ Number of workers W eekly (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ $ 4G $ $ $ S % $ $ % $ * % $ % ! 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 9C 95 100 1C5 110 115 50 55 60 65 7C 75 80 85 9C 95 10C 105 110 115 120 - 3 3 5 5 11 11 13 13 19 19 13 13 16 14 7 7 12 9 19 6 8 8 6 1 3 3 - 7 1 6 1 1 5 3 2 7 4 3 5 1 4 - 1 - - - - 11 9 2 10 4 7 7 11 11 10 10 4 4 3 2 4 4 2 2 and under 45 viCKEN - Continued STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 144 109 4 0 .0 4C.C 8 9 . CO 83.CC SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS------------MANUFACTURING ----------------NONMANUFACTURING-------- *---- 62 28 34 4C.u 3 9 .5 4 0 .5 7 7 . 5C 8 5 . 5C 7C.5C 1 3 3 5 - - - - 1 3 3 5 9 5 4 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS MANUFACTURING--- ------------- 81 65 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 4 . 5C 7 7 . CO 1 “ _ _ ~ ~ 8 8 18 10 TRANSCRIB ING-MACHINE OPERATORS. GENERAL ------------------------- 25 3 9 .5 7 1 .0 0 - - 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 TYPISTS. CLASS A ----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 11C 87 4G.C4 0 .0 77.CC 79.CC _ _ - 5 5 8 3 15 11 17 12 9 6 14 11 7 7 11 9 3 3 7 6 13 13 TYPISTS. CLASS B ----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------NONMANUFACTURING------- ------ 175 108 67 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4C .5 6 0 .5 0 63.C0 5 6 .5 0 6 6 - 59 27 32 47 22 25 22 16 14 2 2 1 1 5 3 2 4 4 - 7 6 1 l 1 6 6 - _ - 18 4 - 1 1 1 _ 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 “ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— Average $ Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers W eekly hours1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ 7C and under 75 75 80 1 $ $ $ 85 90 $ 95 $ 100 $ 105 $ no t $ 115 120 $ % 125 130 % 135 $ t 140 145 $ 15C $ $ 155 160 $ 165 $ 17C $ $ $ 175 180 185 190 and 8C 85 90 95 “ - - 10C 105 lie 115 - - 14 13 1 1 120 125 13C “ - 18 16 2 2 26 17 9 9 22 19 135 14C 145 150 155 16C 165 3 3 3 3 6 6 9 5 1 1 1 1 17 10 7 7 14 9 5 5 5 4 1 1 12 9 6 6 1 1 5 5 8 8 5 6 6 1 1 170 175 180 185 190 over 2 2 - - - 3 2 4 4 4 4 _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 3 _ _ _ “ 3 ~ ~ - - - $ DRAFTSMEN, LEADER ---------------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 28 27 4C.0 4C.C 1 5 5 .5C 1 5 3 .5C DRAFTSMEN, SEN I C R ---------------MANUFACTURING ----------------NGNMANUFACTURING -------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2 ------------ 198 162 36 36 4C.C 4C.C 4C.C 4C.C 13C.50 1 3 0 .5C 13C.5C 13C.50 DRAFTSMEN, JUNIOR ---------------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 151 132 4C .0 4C.0 114.00 116.CC 6C 4C.C 4C.C IC6 .C 0 105.50 1 1 - _ - - - - - - 1 1 4 4 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - “ - - 15 11 4 4 3 20 19 1 1 _ 3 3 6 6 10 1C 10 10 10 19 7 16 15 13 12 6 6 14 14 11 11 5 5 1 1 1 1 3 5 9 5 9 8 8 3 3 3 4 4 18 17 2 2 5 5 3 5 3 3 WOMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -MANUFACTURING ----------------- 59 c Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. _ Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Average Number of workers Occupation and industry division Weekly Weekly hours1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS Occupation and industry division 165 32 4C.C 3 9 .5 57.50 67.00 CLERKS, ACCOUNT ING, CLASS A —— ———— MANUFACTURING —— — ——— —————— — NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 182 126 56 4 0 .0 40. C 3 9 .5 ICC.50 1C6.C0 88.00 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS 8 -- --------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------NCNMANUFACTU RING ——— —— ———— — 221 169 52 3 9.5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 c Tcwnrro adlxdc f u pc ^ cd 1tlrUuKArrCKo CIN CKai AL 86. CC 5 MiA AIX MlU tF A r Tl f>T MP — P rAt 1UrK l lit 92. CC NONMANLFACTUR ING — —— — ——— 66.00 70 32 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 61.00 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ------------- ----------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------6 2 . 5C 74 58 3 9.0 3 9 .C 91.50 95.50 AU 1 UK i Nb n pIN rW k^ V/LC Of. i p . n >La c n if tILCt U Acjo D HANIiFATTIIR TIr Kir — nAnUrAt 1UK 1 V; __ r cd vc 9 bKl ni rcD b1 LtKI>o tK MANUFACTURING —— —— —— — --- J u U K t lAKltt) U AAll ICA ATTI ID1 IIP nAnUr V, lUn! Nv —— .... cruTTrURHARr oKi VtrDUARt nPFfiATTR^ UrCvA 1UKj UAU CArTIfOTAir nAnurAt lUKiNu . _. . ... . 163 143 39 5 4C.C 93.00 94.5C SWITCHB0ARC OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 66 74.CO 75.50 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, 88.50 89.CC rU flMPTrMFT FP U "r 1t “ C 1C r flPFRATPPc Ur CMA 1 ol\ J • MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------- 62 39 5 39^5 KEYPUNCH CFERATGRS* CLASS A MANUFACTURING — ——— — — 44 38 40.0 4C.C UAAHiCArTiniiir n A A U r A t 1 UK I N o ———————————— ———— 68 CC TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS, GENERAL ————— ——— — — 7 2 .0 0 Weekly Weekly earnings1 hours 1 (standard) (standard) $ 4C.C 348 4 0 .0 124 4C.C 156 8C 4C.0 4 0 .0 Of br »L AAC A — — — — . .. — 9 1 . CC TUDIf l Y r l o lTb oC o A — —— y a *l<|<CA r Tl O T kl f BAuUrBVIuRlNv:--------84*CC TYPISTS, CLASS S ------- --------------------------uiiiucArTiinTkir nAINUrAt lUKilrb ——— . . " ———————— Aim NAlrlTAt AAll<r ATTIinf P —— —— — — — — NUAr 1UK1 H Ab 73 .CO 73 . cc 144 105 4C .0 4 0 .0 8 9.00 8 3 . CC 28 34 39^5 4C.5 7 7 .5C HHAFT^MFN IFAHFR 1JnCnt. LCAUCR 85.50 l/RAr y a ah ic i m in t Air nAMUr At 1UKI INt 7 0 .5 0 81 65 39.5 39.5 -r NCNMANUFACTURING — ---- ---- — — \cnv o r f r n ATKuLu a worn i bLCKK yAA TIiPiCTIlDTkir “ AnUrAllUKINb Occupation and industry division 25 . - AiniNAAitCArTiinTA r INul'rflpjU rAl 1UMi i\U Number of workers OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED $ — WANU Weekly Weeklyhours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, Average Average Number of workers — 25 39*5 71 . CC 111 87 4C.0 77. 5C 79 •00 175 4 0 .0 60.50 67 4C . 5 56.50 28 27 4Q#G 4C.0 155.50 153.5C 198 162 36 36 4C.C 4C.C 40.0 4C.0 ' 130.50 130.50 130.50 130.50 151 132 40.0 4C • 0 114.CO 116.00 63 AC. C 1C6.CC 105.5C PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS ■ 74.5C DRAFTSMEN, SENIOR ----------- ---MANUFACTURING --- ------------77.CC NONMANUFACTURING -------------PUBLIC UTILITIES------- ---112.00 — — MAMIfFATTI A A n U r A t I UPTMT K I I t V? Ir * t ————— ———— — ——— 116.50 n d APT UKA r 1 jCrMCkj tlif 111K| f rt K Q Junfl ————— — —— — — —— ___ — MAKUFACTURI N G ______ —________ — TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, iI /vccvTnriU i iN t rt u n mr e d at r n c b kK AILKov f tr*taAi bf b d o MANUFACTURING — NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 127 34 40.C 4C.0 40.0 71.CC 63.50 l iAi k im r r —— n NiUi irtAi tr T 1 UK Iu INu 54 — — ——— — — —— 4C.C 98.CC NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) 100.00 MA MU l trPAAtfT1 It O n AK K lTrkjr it — — — Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. -------H • Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men-in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) __Humber of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings._of— Occupation and industry division Number of woifcers Average hourly earnings1 i $ S $ $ % $ $ $ $ t $ $ $ $ $ 1.9C 2 .CC 2.1C 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 7 •50 2 .6 0 2.70 2 .80 2.9C 3 .0 0 3.1C 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 and under $ $ $ 3 .5 0 3.6C 3.7C 2.CC 2 .10 2.2C 2 .3 0 2 .40 2 .5 0 7 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2.9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3.2C 3 .3 0 3 .6 0 3.4C 3 .5 0 CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE --------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 85 78 $ 2 .9 2 2 .9 8 - - - - 1 1 9 2 11 7 3 3 1 1 6 6 2C 20 17 17 15 15 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 409 404 3.1 3 3 .1 3 _ - _ _ - _ - 2 2 3 3 3 3 12 12 22 19 40 40 14 14 19 19 102 102 ENGINEERS, STATIONARY ------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 74 66 2 .9 8 2 .98 _ - _ 8 8 _ _ - - - 3 3 7 4 2 2 15 15 5 5 24 24 FIREMEN, STATIONARY BCILER --------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 75 75 2 . 8C 2.8C - - 3 3 20 20 12 12 _ - 30 30 - - 1 1 _ - _ - - HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 161 158 2 .58 2 .5 8 9 9 9 6 38 35 35 36 36 9 9 _ _ “ _ - 3 3 _ 38 MACHINE-TCCL OPERATORS, TCCLRCCM — MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 201 3 .3 2 3 .3 ? _ - 7 7 12 12 6 6 29 29 3 3 1 1 45 45 4 4 MACHINISTS* MAINTENANCE --------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 3 98 3 3 2 2 7 7 3 3 23 23 35 35 46 46 62 62 199 199 28 28 4 1 3 3 8 3 5 8 “ 54 46 8 8 201 396 3 .2 5 3.2 5 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTUFING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------------------------- 177 111 66 53 2 .8 8 2.9 7 2 .7 3 2.7 2 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE------------------■------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------- 27C 27C 2 .9 9 2 .9 5 MILLWRIGHTS -------- 447 447 3.09 3.C9 MANUFACTUR ING OILERS -------------MANUFACTURING ---- 53 52 2.52 2.52 PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------- 35 35 2.92 2.92 PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE --MANUFACTURING ----------- 162 15C 3.12 3.11 TOOL ANC CIE MAKERS MANUFACTURING — 284 284 3.2C 3.2C _ 1 1 _ _ 1 - - _ _ - 16 16 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 149 147 17 17 5 5 1 1 2C 2C 1 1 4 - - 4 4 _ _ _ _ " _ - _ 7 7 10 10 55 55 _ - - - 18 18 - 5 5 - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - _ _ - - - - - - 12 4 8 8 8 6 2 - 30 15 15 9 14 14 25 25 23 23 32 32 3 3 45 45 15 15 48 48 _ 12 12 34 34 29 29 36 36 54 54 212 212 29 29 22 22 1 1 8 8 14 14 5 5 13 7 20 20 65 65 80 80 3C 30 5 5 15 15 2 2 2 2 6 - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 3 3 3 _ _ - - - 8 8 9 9 8 8 4 4 9 9 12 12 1 12 12 6 1 6 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. - - 8 8 - 2 2 ” _ - 9 9 over _ - _ 3.7C 18 18 - - - 4 4 - 1 1 31 31 19 19 7 7 2 2 5 5 22 22 9 3 48 48 1 - 2 1 - 2 6 6 22 22 1 1 55 55 16 16 1 1 4 4 24 24 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings12 Number of workers i•eceiving straight-time hourly , earnings of $ $ $ $ $ 1 S S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ l.CC 1 10 1 .2 C 1.3C 1.40 1.50 1.6 C 1.70 1.8C 1.90 2 . 0 0 2 .10 2.2C 2.30 2.40 2!.50 2 .,60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.CC 3.10 3.20 3.30 and under 1.10 $ 2.52 2.65 1.51 _ GUARDS ANC ViAT ChMEN-----------------------------MANUFACTURING----------------------------------- NONMANUFACTUPING ----------------------------- 315 277 38 GUARDS: MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 26C 2.68 JANITORS, FCRTERS, ANC CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NCNMANLFACTURING ------------------------------ 641 511 13C 2.15 2.29 1 .6 C 19 JANITCRS, FCRTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) --------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 14C 35 1.53 2.03 4 - LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING-----■------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING------------------------------ 941 69 2 249 2.42 2.41 2.45 _ ORDER FILLERS --------------------------------------- 116 2.52 PACKERS, SHIPPING --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 15C 146 2.50 2.51 RECEIVING CLERKS ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING----------------------- -----------NONMANUFACTUPI NG --- ------------- ------------ 95 29 2.45 2.57 2.19 SHIPPING CLERKS -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 86 8C SHIPPING ANC RECEIVING CLERKS --------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------TRUCKCRIVERS34 -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING - - ------------------------PUBLIC U TILIT IE S------------------------TRUCKCRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER 1 .5 TONS) ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------TRUCKCRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1 .5 TO ANC INCLUDING 4 TCNS) ----------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 1.3C 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 . 0 0 2 .1C 2. 20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2 .70 2.8C 2.9C 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.3C over . . 20 7 5 6 7 5 6 “ ~ “ “ 20 19 2 12 2C - 24 3 12 - 5 3 2 21 5 7 9 2 3 9 29 9 11 9 - 11 65 5 1 9 2 _ _ - - - - 2 _ _ 4 - _ 1 - 5 - 5 _ 1 2 - 2 _ 5 _ 1 1 12 12 1 1 4 4 - 17 52 13 97 51 1 9 - - - 8 8 24 24 - - 2 2 - - - - 20 6 8 1 ~ 7 247 242 5 2 2 4 4 5 4 3 3 1 1 1C 4 2 2 1 1 8 8 30 24 10 58 91 67 24 46 45 59 48 7 3 4 4 4 - 37 37 1 “ ~ 2 159 83 76 - 11 88 86 2 75 73 1 22 5 207 18 - 11 37 37 - - 4 ~ l 14 14 - 10 11 11 - 56 - - - - ~ - 7 7 10 6 10 21 21 20 20 12 12 14 14 12 12 15 15 12 12 3 9 9 - 5 5 ~ _ 13 4 4 11 13 13 - 9 4 6 3 2 2 5 5 2 13 13 8 8 22 22 16 14 9 7 3 3 6 _ 6 47 1C _ _ 72 45 27 2.33 2.3C 2.4C 8 9 7 1 8 1 655 393 262 145 2.61 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 7 2.68 - _ - - - - - - 1 6 314 247 - 8 8 38 38 2.50 2.62 . _ - _ _ ~ “ ~ . 2.59 2.71 2.98 2.70 TRUCKERS,FCWEP (FCRKLIFT)-----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 436 406 2.51 2.52 TRUCKERS, PCWER ( CTHER THAN FORKLIFT) -----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 2.49 118 115 1 2.49 _ " _ “ _ _ - _ ~ _ “ _ _ “ Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. _ - 19 - _ _ - 4 2 2 2.32 2.35 _ - 125 125 2.6C 2 .6 C 29 25 9 9 9 7 7 - _ 1 1 1 6 - 51 51 36 30 6 - 97 97 12 11 2 13 13 - 14 3 * 58 58 29 25 4 - - 17 17 3 ~ - 2 7 7 19 3 16 - 138 61 5 - 6 6 1 1 66 TRUCKCRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TCNS, TRAILER TYPE) ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 and 1 2C _ 4 4 _ _ “ ~ 4 4 _ 13 13 “ 7 1 3 3 9 4 5 41 7 34 26 - 1 1 69 21 48 1 2 1 “ “ 15 7 49 2 10 3 6 4 - 12 2 1 1 23 19 9 1C “ 15 6 6 12 11 12 6 - 4 2 2 17 17 9 62 17 45 93 93 2 “ 2 ~ 8 •» 5 7 7 2 - 3 _ 1 1 - 3 6 6 9 _ 8 1 1 2 _ 1 8 8 5 5 1 1 8 8 2 2 _ ~ 10 10 4 4 37 22 34 34 49 48 57 57 2 2 25 25 _ . 5 ~ 5 3 3 4 ~ 1 49 49 2 2 15 12 4 4 71 71 1 1 - 8 8 82 82 2 3 4 4 “ - - ~ “ ~ - - - - ~ “ 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 “ “ 1 “ 197 194 3 3 7 4 - 6 1 1 - 4 - 2 ~ _ _ _ _ ” “ ~ 118 118 _ _ _ ~ 5 4 4 “ 22 11 11 65 65 - 71 71 5 5 _ 36 2 2 7 7 36 33 2 “ _ - 2 - 2 69 69 69 - _ _ “ ~ - _ " ~ ~ 69 “ _ - - - ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ ~ “ - _ - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum weekly straight-tim e salary 1 All industries Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules A ll industries 40 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All schedules 40 All schedules 40 __ 87 50 XXX 37 XXX 87 50 XXX 37 XXX Establishments having a specified minimum----------------------- 38 24 24 14 11 39 24 24 15 11 1 3 _ 1 _ 1 1 2 _ 2 1 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 _ 1 1 3 _ 2 Establishments studied------------------------------------------------------- under $ 4 5 . 00---------------------------------------------- — under $ 4 7 .5 0 --- ---------------------------------- ------under $ 5 0 . 00--------------------------------------------------under $ 52. 5Q_______________ __________________ under $ 5 5 .0 0 --------- ------- ------------- ------------under $ 57. 50--------- ------------- ------- — ------under $ 6 0 .0 0 --------------------------------------------------under $ 6 2 . 50------------------- ----------------------- — under $ 6 5 .0 0 ............................................................. under $ 67. 50--------------------------------------------------under $ 7 0 .0 0 --------------------------------------------------over-------------- — --------------- -------------------------- - - - - - 12 4 3 3 4 1 2 1 4 8 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 4 8 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 2 - - 1 2 1 2 1 - 1 4 14 4 2 3 4 2 1 4 Establishments having no specified m inim um --------------------- 25 17 XXX XXX 33 22 XXX 11 XXX Establishments which did not employ workers in this category------------------ --------------------------------------- 24 9 XXX XXX 15 4 XXX 11 XXX $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 . 50 $ 50. 00 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 55. 00 $ 5 7 .5 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 6 7 .5 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and and ------- - 1 - 8 15 These salaries relate to form ally established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Excludes workers in subclerical jobs such as m essenger or office girl. Data are presented for all standard workweeks combined, and for the m ost common standard workweek reported. - - - 9 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 5 2 1 2 1 - 3 2 1 2 - 1 - - 11 Table B-2. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of differential, Canton, Ohio, A p ril 1964) Percent of manufacturing plant workers- Shift differential In establishm ents having form al provisions 1 for— Second shift work Third or other shift work Actually wo rking on— Second shift Third or other shift 98.0 96.1 27.6 13.1 With shift pay d ifferen tia l__ 92.3 94.8 25.8 12.9 Uniform cents (per hour). 89.3 91.8 24.8 12.3 3 cents__________________ .9 _ 5 cents________ _____ ___ 6 cents_________________ 7 cents—________________ l l /z cen ts______________ 8 cents_________________ 9 cents_________________ 10 cen ts________________ 11 cen ts________________ 12 re n ts---------------------—. 15 cen ts________________ 16 cen ts________________ 20 re n ts------------------------ 9.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 62.8 6.2 Total, 1.0 Uniform percentage.____ __ - 4.3 .5 _ 3.0 - 4.8 1.0 3.6 5.6 2.2 8.8 .8 61.8 1.2 .4 1.6 .1 .3 2.7 .2 .1 .4 18.4 - 1.7 - .7 .1 - - _ - .5 .2 .7 - .7 .1 .5 .2 9.1 .1 .1 .3 .6 3.0 1.0 _ 1.0 _ 10 p e rc e n t______________ 3.0 - 3.0 - .6 With no shift pay differential, 5.7 1.3 1.8 .2 5 p er rent------ -- ---- 1 Includes establishm ents currently operating late shifts, and establishm ents with form al provisions covering late shifts even though they w ere not currently operating late shifts. 12 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) PLAN T W ORKERS OFFICE W O R K E R S W e e k l y hours A.11 industries1 1 2 3 4 Public utilities 100 100 5 5 - - 89 - 94 - 100 U n d e r 3 7 7 2 h o u r s --------------------------------3 7 7 2 h o u r s ----------------------------------------O v e r 3 7 7 2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s ------------------4 0 h o u r s ------------------------------------------4 2 h o u r s ------------------------------------------4 4 h o u r s ----------------------------------- ------4 5 h o u r s ------------------------------------------4 8 h o u r s ------------------------------------------- M anufacturing (4 ) 4 All industries 3 100 M anufacturing 100 (4) - 100 1 3 1 - - - 86 92 - 5 4 91 - - 3 3 - - 1 1 1 100 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Publio u tilities1 2 (4 ) 2 (4) 2 5 4 13 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) OFFICE W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS Item All industries 1 A ll w orkers----------------- ----------------------------------------- M anufacturing Public utilities 1 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing P ublic utilities 2 100 100 100 100 1 00 1 00 100 100 100 98 99 95 " “ “ 2 1 5 1 17 1 10 10 - - W orkers in establishm ents providing W orkers in establishments providing no paid h o lida ys-------------------------------------------------- Number of days L ess than 6 h o lidays____________________ ______ 6 holidays---------------------------------------------------------------6 holidays plus 1 half day----------------------- ---------6 holidays plus 2 half d a y s---------------------------------7 holidays---------------------------------------------------------------7 holidays plus 1 half day------------------------------------7 holidays plus 2 half d a y s---------------------------------8 holidays------------------------- ----------------------------------9 holidays---------------------------------------------------------------- (4) _ _ _ 23 13 6 2 2 11 60 2 - 6 7 - 77 53 59 74 9 55 1 - - 9 11 1 1 - 3 3 - 17 14 14 12 “ 2 3 - 1 1 Total holiday time 5 d a y s--------------------------- -------------------------- ---------days or m o r e ----------- --------------------------------------7 V 2 days or m o r e -------------------------------------------------7 days or m o r e -----------------------------------------------------6 V 2 days or m o r e ------- --------------------------------------6 days or m o r e _____ __ ____ ___ ________________ 5 days or m o r e ____ ___________ ________________ _ 3 days or m o r e ------------------------------------------------------ 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 no half 1 10 12 1 12 _ 17 _ 2 3 19 20 22 88 88 85 98 95 97 99 95 98 99 95 14 17 20 75 85 94 79 77 87 94 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 100 100 79 96 12 12 85 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0. 5 percent. All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All induatriea A ll w orkers— _ ------- ---------- — — — 2 Manufacturing PLANT WORKERS Public utUitiea 3 All induatriea 4 Manufacturing Publio utilitiea 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 75 24 - 100 70 30 - 100 100 - 24 6 - 27 4 - 18 (5) 90 6 3 91 7 2 78 5 16 79 8 11 1 85 9 5 2 32 11 56 19 33 46 1 20 40 38 2 19 31 47 3 (5) 20 37 39 3 (5) 2 90 4 3 1 92 5 1 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations---------------------------------------------------------L ength-of-tim e payment ------ ------Percentage payment----------------------------------------F la t-su m payment------------------------------------------Other _ — ---------------------------------------------- _ — W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacations---------- ----- --------------- — — - - - 1 (5) Amount of vacation pay 6 After 6 months of service Under 1 week— ----------------------------------------- — 1 week--------------------- — — _ ------------------ — — Over 1 and under 2 w eek s----------------------------------2 w eek s------------- — ------ _ — ------------- — — 36 5 33 31 1 1 38 40 2 (5) 27 16 78 73 84 20 11 3 85 11 1 88 4 24 70 " " 3 1 95 - 3 2 95 - 100 - 3 1 95 3 1 95 100 1 - - “ After 1 year of service ---------------------------------- ------------- —— ------------------------------------ _ ----------------- Under 1 week— 1 week— Over 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 w eek s - _ - _ - _ _ After 2 years of service ------ ------?. wppks --- — —----- — -------------------___ _ 3 w eek s ------ --- ------- 1 week Over 1 and under 2 w eek s Over 2 and under - After 3 years of service ----------------------------------------------------------_ _______ ____ ---------------------- 1 week Over 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 weeks Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ - _ 9 91 - After 4 years of service ______ ________ ------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------ ----- ---- ---------------- ---- 1 week ____ _______ Over 1 and under 2 w eek s 2 w eek s Over 2 and under 2 w eek s 3 weeks 1 - - 9 91 - After 5 years of service --- ---------- —------------- -------------------------------------------------------------—.— ---------------------- —— — 1 week 2 w eek s Over 2 and under 3 w eek s 3 weeks See footnotes at end of table. (5) 94 4 2 _ 93 5 2 _ - 100 _ 95 5 3 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations1— Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) OFFICE W0RKER8 PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy All industrial1 2 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities 3 Amount of vacation pay 6— Continued After 10 yea rs of service 1 week— — ------------------ -------- --------------------------2 weeks — -------------- __ ---------- ---------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s___ _______________ _ _ _ ____ ____ 3 w eek s_____________ _ 4 w e e k s---------------- ------- -------- — ------------------ _ (5) 37 2 62 - _ 31 2 66 - _ 65 _ 35 - 2 31 29 37 (5 ) 1 28 35 35 - _ 57 _ 38 5 <5) 29 3 69 - _ 28 4 68 - _ 26 74 - 2 24 32 41 (5 ) 1 25 39 35 - _ 30 _ 65 5 (5) 10 86 2 1 _ 7 90 3 - _ 2 98 - 2 6 86 3 2 1 6 90 3 - _ 1 94 5 (5 ) 10 61 2 27 _ 7 65 3 25 _ 2 98 - 2 6 73 4 14 1 6 81 5 7 _ 1 89 10 (5) 10 19 1 66 3 _ 7 20 2 68 4 _ 2 28 2 6 17 22 52 - 1 6 17 27 49 - _ 1 33 66 - <5> 10 19 1 66 3 _ 7 20 2 68 4 2 6 17 22 52 “ 1 6 17 27 49 ~ _ 1 33 66 “ After 12 years of service 1 week______________________________________________ 2 w eek s--------------------- — -------- — — ------------- _ Over 2 and under 3 w eek s___ — ____________ _ 3 w e e k s--------------- ------- — — — ---- --------4 w eek s-------------------------- — --------------------------------After 15 years of service 1 week_______________ ____________ ______________ 2 weeks — -------------------- — — ---------------------------3 w eek s_______ _________________________________ __ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s----------------------------------4 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------------- - After 20 years of service 1 w eek!------ ------------------ ------------- ------------------ _ 2 w eek s____________________________________________ 3 weeks — ------------------ -------- — ---------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eek s----------------------------------4 w e e k s-------------------------------------------------------------------- - After 25 years of service 1 week---------------------------------------- — ------------------ 2 w eek s---------------- -------- ------------- — ------------- 3 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eek s----------------------------------4 w e e k s______ ___ ________ ________ _____ ____ __ __ Over 4 weeks------------ — -------- — ---------------------- - 70 - After 30 years of service 1 week---------------------- — — __ — ------------------ _ 2 w eek s__________ — __ _____ — __ ------- — _ 3 week8 _______ ___________ ________ __ ___ ______ __ Over 3 and under 4 w eek s-----------------------------------4 w eek s__ _________ r___ __ ______________ _______ _ O ver 4 w eek .---------------------------------------------------------- _ 2 70 _ 1 Includes b asic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation-savings and those plans which offer "extended" or "sabbatical" benefits beyond b asic plans to w orkers with qualifying lengths o f s e rv ice . T ypical of such exclusions are plans recently negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can industries. 2 Includes data fo r w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry division s shown separately. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data fo r w holesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percen t. 6 Includes payments other than "length of t im e ," such as percentage of annual earnings o r flat-sum payments, converted to an equivalent time b a sis; fo r exam ple, a payment of 2 percent o f annual earnings was con sid ered as 1 w eek's pay. Periods o f s e rv ice w ere arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual p rovisions fo r p rog ression s. F or example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 yea rs' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 yea rs. Estimates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion ^receiving 3 weeks' pay o r m ore after 5 yea rs includes those who receiv e 3 weeks' pay or m ore after few er years o f s e rv ice . 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, 1 Canton, Ohio, April 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLANT W ORKERS Type of benefit A ll industries 2 All w n r k ftr s ___ . ... _ _ M anufact uring P ublic utilities1 3 2 All industries 4 Manufacturing P u blic utilities 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 99 100 43 32 Workers in establishments providing: L i f e i n f i n r a n r.ft _ ... Accidental death and dismemberment Sickness and accident insurance or sick l e a v e o r both 5 ....... ____ _ _ Sickness and accident insurance _ _____ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period)___________________________ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _ __ Hospitalization insurance Surgical insurance Medical insurance Catastrophe insurance_ _ Retirement pension _ _ _ _ _ _ No health, insurance, or pension plan______ 45 45 17 43 89 96 72 92 96 71 69 86 22 86 96 26 48 52 39 1 - 7 1 31 6 (6 ) 94 99 100 96 100 100 91 67 99 71 100 94 52 99 53 100 95 54 51 94 16 7 91 90 82 86 70 80 85 70 (6) 56 1 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirem ent. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 6 L ess than 0.5 percent. 17 Table B-7. Paid Sick Leave (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by form al sick leave provisions, Canton, Ohio, April 1964) PLANT WORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Sick leave provision AU Industrie* 1 w orkers________________________________________ 100. 0 W orkers in establishm ents providing form al paid sick leave__________________________ W orkers in establishm ents providing no form al paid sick leave _________________________ ___ AU Manufacturing PubUo utilities 1 2 AU industries3 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 55. 6 52. 3 69. 7 7 .4 4 4 .4 47. 7 30. 3 9 2 .6 22. 7 16. 3 6. 6 3. 0 1.9 2. 3 6 .4 5. 0 25. 1 16. 1 8 .9 1.9 2. 7 3. 1 3. 1 3. 1 .9 .9 - - - - - - 9. 0 7. 0 - - - - 26. 0 25. 1 2. 3 2. 6 4. 6 2 .9 11. 3 .5 .4 5. 8 2. 8 1. 6 1 .4 27. 2 25. 9 3. 2 3. 6 1. 5 15. 7 .7 .6 - 36. 1 36. 1 - 28. 3 26. 0 2. 6 1. 7 3. 6 2 .9 11. 3 2. 3 1 .4 4 .6 27. 2 27. 2 3. 6 2. 4 15. 7 - Manufacturing Public utilities2 100. 0 100. 0 4 56. 2 99. 6 4 3 .8 . Type and amount of paid sick leave provided annually Uniform plan: 4 No waiting p erio d — ____ ________________________ Full pay * ______________ _____________________ 5 d a y s ------- — _ ------------------------------------10 days— — ---------------------- ------_ 12 day s ___ _____ ___ _________________________________ 20 days -------------- ------------------------------------------------------Full pay plus partial p a y 5 ----------------------------------10 days _________________________________ ___________ Graduated plan4— After 1 year of service: No waiting p e rio d ----- — ______ ________ __ 5 days __________________ ________ ___ ____ _ 20 days_________ __________ ______________ 22 da ys.__________________ _______________ 75 days---------------------------------------------- --40—50 d a y s____ ____________ __________ Full pay plus partial pay--------------------------Partial pay only___________________________ Waiting p erio d_________________________________ Full pay_____________________________ — __ Full pay plus partial pay---------------------------Partial pay on ly-----------------------------------------Graduated plan4— After 10 years of service: No waiting p e rio d --------------------------------------------30 days______________________________ _____ 50 days— ---------------------------------------------130 d a y s------- ------------------ ----- __ ----260 d a y s ---------- ------------------------- - ----80—90 d a y s______________________________ Full pay plus partial pay 5------------------------65 days----------------------------------------------------Partial pay on ly-----------------------------------------Waiting p e rio d — ------- --------------------------------Full pay ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------Full pay plus partial p ay -----------------------------------Partial pay on ly ----------------------------------------------------------- - - - 36. 1 30. 6 16. 7 13. 9 6. 1 3 .4 1 .4 1. 3 .4 - 49. 9 36. 1 1. 8 - .4 - - - - 22. 3 22. 3 22 .3 3 3 .9 4. 3 29. 6 - - - - - - - .4 - - 3. 5 16. 7 - - - 1. 1 .4 36. 1 13. 9 1 3.9 16. 7 1. 5 1. 0 .3 4. 7 . 2 4. 1 . 4 - - 56. 2 4. 3 29. 6. 22. 3 - - Provisions for accumulation W orkers in establishm ents having provisions for accumulation of unused sick le a v e ___________________________________________ 2. 7 3. 8 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 "U niform plan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an employee, after 1 year of service, is entitled to the same number of days' paid sick leave each year. "Graduated plan s" are defined as those form al plans under which an em ployee's leave varies according to length of service. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen. Estim ates reflect provisions applicable at the stated length of service but do not reflect provisions for progression. Thus, the proportion receiving 15 days' sick leave after 10 years of service may also receive this amount after greater or le s s e r lengths of service. * May include provisions other than those presented separately. Numbers of days shown under "F u ll pay plus partial pay" are days for which workers receive sick leave at full pay; w orkers are entitled to additional days of sick leave at partial pay. Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bu reau’ s jok descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine. (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sund trand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)• Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class .4. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 19 20 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G -C o n tin u e d payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A, In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class BmSorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class CmPerforms routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. C LE R K , ORDER Receives customers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 21 KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R Class A. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B„ Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other rela tively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work, (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 22 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued Class C, Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B, Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A, Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 23 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSM AN D R A F T S M A N -C o n tin u e d Leader. Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Inter preting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; deter mining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and in specting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. Senior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a spe cialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. Junior (assistant). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who be come ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other estab lishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Givingfirst aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carry ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evalu ation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, wel fare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 24 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay outs, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 25 M A C H IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E —C on tin u ed M ILLW RIG H T properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in goocf order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in die trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of.mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 26 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. 27 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform Other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Ship ping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 28 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under l l/2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1l/2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) Available On Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Request The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as BLS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963» 40 cents a copy. Occupational W age Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A d irectory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the p rices of the bulletins is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, E>. C. , 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Area Bulletin number P rice Akron, O h io_____________________________ Albany—Schenectady—T ro y , N. Y 1________ Albuquerque, N. Mex 1__________________ Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .—N. J 1 Atlanta, Ga —____________________________ B altim ore, M d __________________________ Beaumont—P ort Arthur, T e x ____________ Birmingham, A la1_______________________ B oise, Id ah o_____________________________ Boston, Mass 1___________________________ 1345-81 1385-52 1385-61 1385-53 1345-71 1385-24 1345-67 1385-63 1345-74 1385-16 20 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Buffalo, N. Y ___________________________________ Burlington, V t__________________________________ Canton, O h io1______________________________ , ___ Charleston, W. V a 1____________________________ C harlotte, N. C 1________________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn. - G a ________________________ Chicago, 1111___________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky 1______________________ Cleveland, O h io________________________________ Columbus, O hio_______________________________ — 1385-33 1385-47 1385-64 1385-57 1385-55 1385-5 1345-65 1385-58 1385-11 1385-25 25 20 25 25 25 20 30 25 25 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents D allas, T e x ________________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—M oline, Iowa—111__ D enver, Colo 1______________________________ Des M oin es, Iowa 1_________________________ D etroit, M ich_______________________________ Fort Worth, T e x ___________________________ Green Bay, W is ______________________ -____ G reen v ille, S. C _________________ -__________ Houston, T e x ______________________________ 1385-15 1385-12 1385-40 1385-34 1385-44 1385-43 1385-19 1385-4 1345-68 1345-82 25 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 25 Indianapolis, Ind 1_____________________ Jackson, M iss 1_______________________ Jacksonville, F la __________________ -— Kansas City, M o .—Kans 1_____________ Lawrence—Haverhill, M a s s .—N. H ____ Little Rock—North Little R ock, A rk __ Los Angeles—Long Beach, C a lif1_____ L ou isville, Ky. —Ind___________________ Lubbock, T e x _________________________ M anchester, N. H _____________________ M em phis, Tenn 1______________________ 1385-30 1385-41 1385-32 1385-26 1345-77 1385-3 1385-59 1385-50 1345-72 1385-1 1385-35 25 25 20 25 20 20 30 20 20 20 25 D ata on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area Bulletin number P rice Miami, F la 1___ _______________ -_______________ Milwaukee, W is _______________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, M in n ___________________ Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ic h ___________ Newark and Jersey City, N. J 1________________ New Haven, Conn 1_____________________________ New Orleans, L a _______________________________ New York, N. Y 1_______________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, V a 1________________________________ Oklahoma City, Okla___________________________ 1385-29 1385-56 1385-39 1345-69 1385-49 1385-37 1385-42 1345-79 25 25 25 20 30 25 25 40 1345-75 1385-2 25 cents 20 cents Omaha, N ebr. —Iowa 1_______________ .. . ________ Paterson—Clifton—P a ssa ic, N. J 1_______________ Philadelphia, P a .-N . J 1_______________________ Phoenix, A r iz 1___________________________ ______ Pittsburgh, P a _________________________________ Portland, M aine1________________-_____ , _______ Portland, Oreg. —W a sh ________________ ________ Providence—Pawtucket, R. I .—M a s s 1___________ Raleigh, N. C 1____________________ _____________ Richmond, V a 1_________________________________ 1385-14 1385-62 1385-31 1385-54 1385-38 1385-22 1345-73 1345-70 1385-7 1385-23 25 25 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents R ockford, 1111__________________________________ St. L ouis, Mo.-ELI_____________________________ Salt Lake City, U tah___________________________ San Antonio, T e x 1_______ . _____________________ San Bernardino—R iverside—Ontario, C a lif1____ San D iego, C a lif_______________________________ San F rancisco—Oakland, C a lif1_________________ Savannah, G a_____________ _____________________ Scranton, P a 1__________________________________ Seattle, W ash1_________________________________ 1385-60 1385-21 1385-28 1345-78 1385-9 1385-13 1385-36 1345-60 1385-8 1385-10 25 25 20 25 25 20 25 20 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Sioux F a lls, S. D ak1___________________________ South Bend, Ind 1_________ _________ _____________ Spokane, W ash1, ______________________ _________ Toledo, O h io ___________________________________ Trenton, N. J . . . ________________________________ Washington, D. C .—M d.—V a ____________________ Waterbury, C onn1______________________________ W aterloo, Io w a _________________, ____ ______ -___ Wichita, Kans_________________-________________ W o rce ste r, M ass___________ _________ „ ________ York, P a 1______________________________________ 1385-20 1385-51 1345-66 1385-46 1385-27 1385-17 1385-48 1385-18 1385-6 1345-80 1385-45 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 20 20 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
@FedFRASER