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BUFFALO, NEW YORK January 1 9 5 0 Bulletin No. 99I UNITED MAURICE STATES DEPARTMENT J. T O B I N , SECRETARY OF L A B O R Bur eau of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s Ewan C la gu e, Co m mi s si on ei C ontents Pag© Number INTRODUCTION.................. Buffalo labor and Industry ,...... ,.....,....... ............ .........•.......•••• Sampling and characteristics of the data ,,..... ................ «*•••*«••••••••*•• 1 1 OCCUPATIONiCL RATE STRUCTURE ,.........................................*.... ......... Office clerical occupations ............................... Maintenance occupations .................... Custodial, varehousing and trucking occupations .... . Characteristic Industry occupations Union vage scales ............................. ............................ . Minimum entrance rates ............................................................ 2 3 3 3 3 ^ 1 **■ SUPPIEMENTARY WAGE PRACTICES .......................................................... TABLES: 1. Establishments and workers and number studied 2. Average earnings for selected office occupations 3* Average earnings for selected maintenance, custodial, varehousing and trucking occupations ......... .......................... «... Average earnings for selected occupations In flour and other grain mills 5. Average earnings for selected occupations in paper and paperboard mills ....... 6. Average earnings for selected occupations in Industrial chemical Industries •.. 7* Averageearnings for selected occupations In metalworking Industries •••••••••• 8. Average earnings for selected occupations in ferrous foundries ............. 9. Average earnings far selected occupations in nonferrous foundries *•••••••••••• 10* Average earningsfor selected occupations in fabricated structural metal products industries 11, Average earnings for selected occupations in department and clothing stares *. • 12. Average earnings for selected occupations in office building service •••••«•••• 13* Average earnings for selected occupations in hotels ........................... It, Average hourly earnings for selected occupations in power laundries •••,••••••* 15* Average hourly earnings for selected occupations in automobile repair shops ... 16. Union vage scales for selected trades In bakeries, building construction, printing, and for local transit operating employees, and motor-truck drivers and helpers .......................................... 17. Shift differential provisions in manufacturing industries •••••..... 18. Minimum entrance rates far plant workers ••••••..... 19* Scheduled weekly hours ••*••••••••••«••••«••••.... 20, Paid vacations .............. 21, Paid sick leave ................. 22, Paid holidays ................................................................. 23, Nonproduction bonuses 25 2 t , Insurance and pension plans ,««••••«•.... 5 2 6 11 1^ 1^ Ik 15 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 21 22 22 22 23 2t 25 25 APPENDIX: Descriptions of occupations surveyed .,,,,......................... I N D E X .......................................................................... For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 35 cents 27 U Intro d u ctio n Occupational wag© rate information on a community basis serves a variety of Impor tant uses. For example, employers frequently find it necessary to compare wage and salary scales in their own establishments with the general local levels of pay. Both unions and em ployers us© community wage information in collective bargaining. Various branches of the Federal Government set wage scales for their day-rate personnel on the basis of community-wide surveys. Firms seeking locations for new plants, distribution outlets, or new offices usually give consideration to such information. In the administration of placement in connection with unemployment condensation, area wage statistics are needed in the evaluation of the suitability of job offers. In many types of general economic analysis, information on wages by community and type of work is of crucial Importance. For these reasons, the U. S. Department of labor through the Bureau of Labor Statistics has given increasing emphasis to area wage studies, generally with respect to specific indus tries, However, a cross-industry approach has been used in recent years in the field of officeclerical occupations, and In 19*4-9 the application of this approach to the collection of wage data for industrial as well as office-clerical occupations was tested in six medium-sized cities. 2/ The present survey of wages in Buffalo, N.Y. Is among the first in which the Bureau has utilized cross-industry methods of sampling to study office and plant occupations in a major Industrial center. 3/ Earnings data have been compiled on a cross-industry basis for the following types of occupations? (a) office-clerical; (b) maintenance; and (c) jobs, gen erally unskilled, related to the performance of custodial, warehousing, and trucking functions. Other occupations that are characteristic of particular,, important, local industries have been studied as heretofore on an industry basis, within the framework of the community survey. Even for those occupational categories that lend themselves to study on a cross-industry basis, separate data have been provided wherever possible for individual broad industry divisions. In addition to information on wage rates, data on supplementary benefits, such as vacation allowances, paid holidays, and insurance and pension plans have also been collected and tabu lated. 1/ Prepared in the Bureau's Division of Wage Statistics By Paul I. Warwick, Begional Wage Analyst, Region U , Hew York, N. Y. The planning and central direction of the program was the responsibility of Toivo P. Kannlnen and Louis E, Badehhoop under the general supervision of Harry Ober^ Chief of the Branch of Industry Wage Studies, 2/ Grand Baplds, Mich,; Portland, Ms,; Rockford, 111.; Shreveport, La,; Spokane, Wash.; and Trenton, N. J 3/ Similar surveys were conducted in Denver, Colo, in November 19*4-9) San Francisco Oakland, Calif., January 1950; and Philadelphia, Pa., May 1950. Buffalo labor and industry Buffalo, the second largest city in New York State, has a population in excess of 600,000. Considered as a metropolitan area consisting of Erl© and Niagara Counties, the population is over a million. It Is most likely, however, that this great inland port and center of railway transport exerts an influence on the national economy in greater proportion than its size alone indicates. Buffalo’s strategic location has brought to it a great variety of industry, particularly heavy Industry. The metalworking industries, employing over 50,000 people, produce a great variety of goods: motor vehicles and equipment, steam turbines, diesel engines, motors, boilers, presses, food processing machinery, aircraft, and radios, to name but a few. large iron and steel mills provide employment to over 20,000 workers. The chem ical industries, employing about 16,000 people, turn out such varied products as coal tars, phenols and resins, rayon yarn, explosives, and sodium compounds. Pulp and paper production is important in the area and it provides jobs for about 7,000 workers. The products of Buffalo’s grain mills are well known. Other manufacturing products of significance include apparel, optical instruments, and rubber products. Nonaanufacturing activities employed about 90,000 people in Buffalo, the two largest groups being 30,000 in transportation, com munication, and other public utilities and 28,000 In retail trade. In January 1950, over k out of 5 Buffalo Industrial workers were employed in estab lishments that reported written agreements with labor unions. Unionization was most preva lent in manufacturing, and transportation, communication, and other public utility industries. Over 90 percent of the nonoffice workers in these two groups were employed 2n union establish ments. In distinct contrast was retail trade in which establishments employing less than a fifth of the workers in the Industry were covered by union agreements. About a fourth of Buffalo’s office workers were in establishments with union contracts covering these workers. They were found almost exclusively in manufacturing and the public utility industries. Sampling and characteristics of the data The study covered 6 broad industry divisions and, except for tool and die shops, office buildings, and auto repair shops, only establishments with mare than 20 workers were studied. Shops manufacturing machine-tool accessories and office buildings employing 8 or more workers, and repair departments of retail automobile dealer establishments and general automobile repair garages employing 5 or mare workers were included in the survey. Smaller establishments were omitted because they furnished Insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant their inclusion. A greater proportion of large than of small establish** ments were studied in order to maximize the proportion of workers surveyed with available re sources. Each group of establishments of a certain size, however, was given its proper weight in the computation of the data. Information was collected by visit of field representatives of the Bureau to representative establishments. In classifying workers by occupation, uniform job descriptions were used; they are presented in the appendix to this bulletin. Almost a fourth of the 169,000 workers, employed in January 1950 in the industry divisions and size groups studied are accounted for in the 106 men’s jobs and 50 women’s jobs for which earnings data are presented in the accompanying tables (2 through 15). The largest job categories, among those studied cm a cross-industry basis were; stock handlers and hand truckers (2,780 men); janitors, porters, and cleaners (1,721 men and 8^8 women); truck drivers (1,638 mem); general stenographers (1,363 women); and accounting clerks (325 men and 898 women). 2. The earnings information in the report excludes premium pay for overtime and night work. Nonproduction bonuses are also excluded, but incentive earnings, including commissions for salespersons, have been included for those workers employed under some form of incentive wage system. Weekly hours, reported for office and department and clothing store occupations, refer to the work schedules for which the salaries are paid, rounded to the nearest half hour; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest 50 cents. The number of workers presented refers to the estimated total employment in all establishments within the scope of the study and not to the number actually surveyed. Data are shewn only for full-time workers; that is, those who are hired to work an establishments full-time sched ule for a given occupational classification. Information on wage practices refers to all office workers and to all plant workers as specified in the individual tables. It is presented in terms of the proportion of all workers employed in offices (or plant departments) that observe the practice in question, ex cept in the first section of table 19, where scheduled weekly hours of women office workers alone are presented. Eligibility requirements may make the proportion actually receiving the specific benefits smaller than the total enployed. The summary of vacation and sick leave plans is limited to formal arrangements. It excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or other supervisor. Sick leave plans are further limited to those providing full pay for at least some amount of time off without any provision for a waiting period preceding the payment of benefits, and exclude health insurance even though it is paid for by employers. Health insurance is included, however, under tabu lations for insurance and pension plans. O c c u p a tio n a l R ate S tru c tu re In the discussion of wages by occupation, lowing four main groupings: (1) (2) (3) (4) it is convenient to distinguish the fol Office clerical occupations Maintenance occupations Custodial, warehousing, and trucking occupations Characteristic industry occupations The first three groups have been studied on a cross-industry basis in Erie County only. These occupations are typically found in all or a number of industries. In the main, the character istic industry occupations are peculiar to a specific industry. In those Instances where establishments in Erie and Niagara Counties form a homogeneous industrial group with a rela tively homogeneous wage structure, data far characteristic industry occupations were collected from plants located in both Erie and Niagara County. This procedure was followed in the fol lowing industries: papermaking, industrial chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous foundries, fab ricated structural metal products, metalworking, and power laundries. Information was limited to Erie County for the other industries in which characteristic occupations were studied: flour mills, department and clothing stores, office buildings, hotels, and automobile repair shops. Table 1.--ESTABI2SHMENXB AND WORKERS IN MAJOR INDUSTRY DIVISIONS IN BUFFALO, H W YORK AND NUMBER STUDIED BY THE BtREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JANUARY 1950 Employment l/ Number of establishments 1/ Item Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated total total total total in all within scope Studied within scope in all industries of study industries of study £/ 2/ 2/ £/ In establishments studied Total Office Industry Division 67 1,038 294 215,300 169,100 99,3^0 iV,V90 Manufacturing ........... ....... 1 ,03V 485 130 125,500 119,600 73,090 8,060 Nonmanufacturing............... Wholesale trade •••••••••••••• Retail trade ............ . Finance, insurance, and real estate •••••••••••••*••••••• Transportation, eoamamlcatlon, and other public utilities Services: Industries covered 2/ ..... Industries not covered «*** 3,333 587 1,58V 553 111 178 164 24 44 89,800 10,700 27,700 49,500 5,800 6,Vio 1,2V0 16,100 26,030 2,100 8,570 265 68 33 6,600 4,900 2,600 1,870 71 20 30,300 4/ 15,400 8,300 1,670 125 43 10,600 7,300 4,460 5V0 All divisions.... ••••••••••••••••• M 232 y V86 179 1,090 3,900 ■ Size of Establishment All size g r o u p s .... *.......... . 1,001 and o v e r .... *.... ....... 501 - 1,000 ......................... . . . . 251 - 500 ................................... 101 - 250.......... ............... 51 - 100 ....................... 2 1-50 ...................................... 4 - 20 ........................... ........... V,3«7 3V 28 83 180 257 V53 3,332 y 1,038 294 215,300 169,100 99,320 1V,V90 32 20 81 176 2V9 V17 27 15 35 51 69 88 71,900 13,200 26,400 27,500 17,000 22,300 62,050 10,150 11,060 8,270 4,870 2,600 7,580 2,370 1,V70 1,650 1,000 V70 (2/) (2/) 78,600 19,500 27,000 28,400 17,500 13,400 30,900 <!/) (2/) (2/) l/ Data limited to Erie County in all industries except the following which were surveyed in both Erie and Niagara Counties: paper and paperboard, Industrial chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous foundries, fabricated struc tural metal products, metalworking Industries, and power laundries (these industries are defined in footnotes to tables 4 through 15 ). 2/ Includes establishments with more than 3 workers* 3/ Office, maintenance, warehousing, trucking, and custodial Jobs reported In tables 2 and 3 were surveyed in Erie County only in establishments with more than 20 workers; exceptions made in size limits established far in dustries in which characteristic Jobs were surveyed are noted in footnotes to tables 4 through 15 * 4/ Excludes railroads* 2/ Coverage in the services division was limited to hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair services; such professional services as engineering, architectural, accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping firms; motion pictures; and nonprofit membership organizations * Office clerical occupations In January 1950, women general stenographers, the largest group of office clerical Yorkers studied, earned an average of $1+1.50 a week. Jobs accounting for half of all women office workers in the occupations studied had earnings within a $2 range of the general ste nographer, average (table 2). These Jobs generally entailed the use of acquired skills, sane diversification of duties, and some degree of responsibility. Typical occupations in this category were order clerks at $ 39.50> general clerks at $1+0,00, accounting clerks at $ 1+0.50, calculating-machine operators at $ 1+1 .00, key-punch operators at $1+2.50, and pay roll clerks at $1+3*50. Another large group of women employees, clerk-typists, received $35.50; earnings lower than this level were reported for those jobs in which the less experienced workers are usually found: $ 32.00 for typists performing simple copy work, $ 31*50 for routine file clerks, and $ 30.00 for office girls. In five occupations women averaged $1+7 or more per week. Secretaries, the largest group among these occupations, Were paid an average of $51.50* The highest average pay for women office eaployees was $ 52*50 for hand bookkeepers. Among men office workers, too, hand bookkeepers received the highest average salary, $60.50. At this same level were pay-roll clerks. Accounting clerks earned slightly less, $60.00 a week. All clerical Jobs for which men’s earnings could be presented shewed weekly averages of $ 57.00 or more, except office boys at $ 30.50. Salaries in offices of manufacturing establishments were generally somewhat higher than those in nanmanufacturing industries. This difference, however, amounted to $5 or less for 22 of the 30 occupational groups for which comparison was possible. However, the average workweek schedule was generally slightly longer in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing in dustries. In two major industry divisions— manufacturing and transportation, commmication, and other public utilities— office workers in establishments employing over 500 workers re ceived generally higher salaries than in smaller establishments. The reverse was true in wholesale trade, where average earnings were higher in firms with 100 eaployees or less. The influence of such factors as industry classification and unionization that could not be iso lated are reflected in these coaparisons. Maintenance occupations Skilled electricians, machinists, millwrights, and pipe fitters engaged in mainte nance work averaged at least $1.70 an hour in January 195°> with rates of $1.76, $1.7^> $1*72, and $1.70, respectively (table 3). Bates for other skilled maintenance occupations were $1.67 for mechanics, $1.62 for carpenters, and $1.50 for painters. General utility maintenance men, employed primarily in the smaller establishments where specialization in maintenance work is impractical, were paid $ 1 .38. Stationary engineers, responsible for the operation of equipment to supply power, heat, refrigeration, or air conditioning, earned $ 1.60 an hour while stationary boiler fire men earned $1.28. In two less skilled maintenance jobs studied, trades helpers and oilers, hourly earnings averaged $ 1 .39. The majority of maintenance workers included in the survey were found in manufactur ing where average hourly rates were typically somewhat higher than in nonmanufacturing. Fur ther, those working in the larger manufacturing plants (500 or more workers) generally re ceived higher wages than similar workers in smaller factories. 3* Custodial, warehousing, and tracking occupations Men Janitors, porters, and cleaners, as a group, averaged $1*03 an hour whereas varan in this Joh classification averaged 8^ cents (table 3). When this comparison is H a lted to noxmttzmfacturing, however, in which almost half of the ran and more than nine-tenths of the varan were employed, the earnings differential is narrowed to 2 cents: men received 85 cents and women 83 cents* Stock handlers and hand truckers, engaged primarily in loading and unload ing work and in handling raw and finished stocky had an hourly average of $ 1 *27, order fillers, whose function it is to fill customers* orders from stored stock, earned $1*17. Truck drivers averaged $1.33* Guards received $1*38 and watchmen, whose duties are similar hut generally require somewhat less responsibility, were paid an average wage of $ 1.05 an hour* As with the maintenance occupations, the various types of laborers were better paid in larger than in smaller manufacturing plants* Characteristic industry occupations Flour and other grain-mill products - The highest average hourly rate reported in the entire community survey was $2.12 for millers in flour mills (table k ). Occupational rates in this strongly unionised industry were relatively high, with sweepers earning $ 1.35 an hour* Kates for other typical Jobs studied were $1*52 for grain elevator operators, $1* 53 for sack packers> and $ 1.65 for bolters* Paper and paperboard mills - Beater men and broke men, engaged in the preparation of pulp or waste paper for processing in paper and paperboard mills, earned $ 1.27 and $ 1 .23, respectively. Tenders on small-size, slew-speed paper machines received $1.51* back tenders on these machines received $1.30* Paper testers earned $1.31 an hour* The highest paid workers studied in this industry were maintenance mechanics, at $ 1.56 (table 5). Industrial chemicals - Kates for chemical operators in the industrial chemical in dustry were"$1*73 for class A workers and $1.70 for class B workers. Because of the large supply of electric power available from Niagara Falls, electrochemical processes became im portant in the development of the industry in this area; consequently, important occupational classifications included electric-cell men at $ 1.68 and electric-cell repairmen and cleaners at $1.79* Pipe fitters in the industry also averaged $1.79# while instrument repairmen earned $ 1 *87. Women employed as laboratory assistants received $1.17 an hour (table 6). Metalworking industries - The highest average rate reported in the metalworking in dustries was $1.77 for tool and die makers employed in Jobbing shops (table 7)* Other rela tively high rates were $ 1.62 for hand welders performing work of a difficult nature and $ 1.59 for class A inspectors. Grinding-machine operators required to set up as well as operate their machines on complicated and varied work (class A operators) also earned $1.59; other machine operators on this skill level had approximately the same earnings: class A engine lathe operators, $1.60; class A milling-machine operators, $1.57• Punch-press operators on routine work received $1.35 an hour. The largest occupational category studied was assemblers; rates within the group were $ 1.^8 for men performing work of a complex and varied nature (class A), $1.37 for those working on standard assemblies (class B), arid $1.33 for man enployed on routine, repetitive assembly operations (class C). Women class C assemblers earned $1*16. Average earnings for almost all Jobs studied in the machinery industry were similar to those for metalworking as a whole. Ferrous foundries - Machine molders In ferrous foundries averaged $1*93 in January (table 8). Earnings "far floor xaolders and bench hand solders were considerably loser; $1.65 and $1*64, respectively* Among the jobs studied, the lcsest rates reported vere $1.46 for chlppers and grinders and $1.44 for shake-out sen* Many employees in this industry vere paid on an incentive basis, vhereby an individual*s output determines his earnings* The ef fect of this practice was to produce vide ranges of rates within occupations as, exemplified by hand coremakers, fbr whom separate data were available covering time and incentive workers. The range for time workers was 30 cents but for Incentive workers it vas $1*10 an hour* The average wage for the entire group was $ 1*70 an hour, but vas $1.4l for time workers and $2*06 for incentive workers* 1950 Honferrous foundries - Earnings in nonferroue foundries were consistently lover than those for similar Jobs in ferrous foundries* Machine molders and floor molders earned $1*63, and bench hand molders earned $1.49. Hand coremakers received $1*56; ohippers and grinders, $ 1 *36; shake-out men, $ 1*23 (table 9). Fabricated structural metal products - The highest rates in the fabricated struc tural metal products industry were $1*77 for class A lay-out men and $1*76 far class A hand welders (table 10)* Electric-bridge crane operators, a numerically important group, earned $1.4l. First class structural fitters averaged $ 1 .67, while fitters employed on the less canplicated work received $1.42. Department and clothing stores - Sales clerks* average weekly earnings, including coBBftissione, varied widely by type of merchandise sold, ranging from $30 for women selling notions and trimaings to $84 for men selling men,s clothing (table ll). Men selling furniture earned $83 and those selling women* s Bhoes earned $ 56. Among the women sales clerks, earnings were $43*50 in women,s shoe departments, $ 35*50 in dress departments, and $31 in women*s ac cessories departments* Men alteration tailors working on men's garments averaged $55.00 a week, and women employed in this occupation averaged $37.00. The lowest paid group was women elevator operators, whose weekly average was $27. Office building service - The highest paid workers studied in office buildings were stationary engineers at $1.4-3 (table 12)* Stationary boiler firemen earned $1.03 and watch men earned $1.02. Women cleaners, the largest occupational group found In office buildings, averaged 87 cents. Women operating passenger elevators received 84 cents; men in the same occupation earned 75 cents. It should be pointed out that this difference generally result# from varying wage scales among office buildings rather than from difference in pay of men and woman in the same establishment* Hotels - In hotels, as in office buildings, it was found that women operating ele vators, who averaged 66 cents, earned more than the men operators who received 6l cents an hour (table 13). Here, too, the rate differential reflects varying wage scales among hotels rather than within individual hotels. Chambermaids, a large employee group, earned 63 cents an hour, and housemen earned 69 cents. The highest average hourly rates reported were 83 cents for men employed as desk clerks and 99 cents for room clerks. Power laundries - Average rates reported for five of the six occupations studied in which women were employed in power laundries fell in a narrow range from 73 cents for retail receiving clerks, bundle wrappers, and flatwork finishers to 79 cents for markers (table 14). The highest rate shown for women was 85 cents for machine shirt pressers • Men working as ex tractor operators received 95 cents, and machine washers received $ 1 *08. Automobile repair shops - Automotive mechanics (class A) employed in general auto repair shops and in repair departments of dealer establishments averaged $1.50 an hour. Aver age hourly earnings in numerically less important Jobs vere $1.63 for body repairmen, $1.25 far greasers, and $ 1.12 for washers (table 15). Union wage scales Union wage scales, collected in the study, provide a measure of wage levels for se lected trades in bakeries, building construction, and the printing Industries, and for local transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. These scales represent the minimum wage rates agreed upon through collective bargaining between employers and tradeunions. The basic wage scales summarized briefly in this section and presented In greater detail in table 16 vere those In effect January 3, 1950. The basic union rates in semi-machine bakeries vere $ 1 .*i5 far oven hands and mixers, $1,395 for bench hands, and $1.14 for helpers and pan greasers. A typical union agreement covering workers in bread and cake machine-shops provided minimum rates of $1.49 for mixers, $1,465 for ovenmen, $1.42 for bench hands, and $ 1.25 for helpers. In seven major construction trades, rates varied from $1.65 for building laboreisto $2.58 far electricians. Minimum rates for the other five trades verex $2.50 for bricklayers, $ 2.25 for carpenters, $2,125 for painters, and $2.40 for plasterers and plumbers. Bus operators employed in local transit service received a starting rate of $ 1 .36; after 3 months they rose to $1.39 and after a year to $1.41. Basic union scales for motor truck drivers varied according to the material transported and the type of truck driven. Bates ranged from $ 1,225 for drivers of linen supply trucks to $ 1.65 for construction drivers operating carry-all, winch, or concrete-mixer trucks. In the printing trades, hand compositors in book and Job shops had a minimum rale of $2,306; those in newspaper plants earned $2.46 for day work and $2.57 for night work. The union rate for pressmen operating job cylinder presses was $2 ,227; their assistants earned $ 1 .87. The highest rate in book and job shops vas $2,467 for photoengravers. This trade was also the highest paid in newspaper plants with a day rate of $2,784 and a night rate cf $2,917* Minimum entrance rates Minimum entrance rates for plant workers vere reported by 229 of the 239 establish ments studied in Erie County. These varied widely, ranging from less than 50 cents an hour to $1.45. Approximately half the plant workers vere employed In establishments with minimum rates above $1 (table 18). Establishments that had a 75-cent minimum accounted for 7 percent of the workers, and 20 percent were in establishments that had rates below this figure. The lowest rates vere found in the fields of retail trades and services, whereas high entrance rates were most frequently encountered in manufacturing, particularly In the larger plants. In manufacturing plants employing more than 250 workers, entrance rates above $1 were report ed by establishments accounting for 77 percent of the workers, compared to 36 percent in the smaller plants. S u p p lem en tary W a g e Practices Shift differentials Among the manufacturing industries & r which characteristic occupations were studied, substantial variations were found in the proportion of the work force employed on extra shift operations in January 1950 (table IT). In ferrous foundries and metalworking industries, ap proximately 10 percent of the workers were on late shifts. At the other extreme, almost 40 percent of the workers in grain mills and paper and paperboard mills were employed on extra shifts, as were 35 percent in industrial chemical plants. Virtually all workers on extra shifts received premium pay for shift work. Ninetyfive percent or more were paid differentials in all industries studied except paper and paperboard in which the proportion dropped to four-fifths. This general uniformity did not extend to the amount or form of the differential. All grain mULs studied paid 5 cents an hour addi tional to late shift workers. In metalworking plants, however, over 50 percent of the secondshift workers and almost 90 percent of the third-shift workers received a 10 percent premium. Second-shift workers in paper and paperboard mills typically received differentials cf 5 cents an hour or less; 11 percent, however, received full pay for reduced hours. In ferrous found ries, the typical differential was 5 cents for second-shift workers and 10 cents fer the third shift. Scheduled hours The 40-hour week was most typical far both plant and office workers in Buff ado. Over half the women office workers, and almost four-fifths cf the plant workers., were employed, by firms having this standard schedule (table 19) • For an additional 37 percent, the regular workweek wan less than ho hours— 37J hours being most common. The relatively few women office employees working more than *4-0 hours a week were most heavily concentrated in the retail trade and service industries. Among plant workers, less than 6 percent were found in shops with a regular workweek under ^0 hours, whereas a sixth were employed by firms observing work sched ules exceeding 1*0 hours. Over a third of the plant employment in the public utilities and service industries was found in firms with workweeks of k-8 hours or more. Workweeks In ex cess of kk hours were reported for establishments employing approximately a fifth of the plant workers in wholesale and retail trade. Paid vacations Virtually all Buffalo employers offered office and plant workers vacations with pay (table 20). Employers typically provided office workers a 2-week vacation after a year of service, except in retail trade where the vacation was generally less than 2 weeks after 1 year of service but was increased to 2 weeks or more after 2 years of service. Plant workers with a yearfs service generally qualified for at least one week. The proportion receiving more than a week was considerably greater in wholesale trade and in transportation, communi cation, and other public utilities than in other industry groups. With few exceptions, both plant and office workers were provided vacation leave of 2 weeks or mors after 5 years of service. P a i d sick leave Between a quarter and a third of the office workers were employed "by firms with formal provisions for paid sick leave (table 21). In most cases workers became eligible for sick leave after 6 months of service for periods ranging from 5 to 12 days. Formal sick leave provisions were most prevalent in wholesale trade and transportation, communication, and other public utilities— over half the workers in these industries were in organizations with such provisions. In other industrial groups at least two-thirds of the workers were found in of fices offering no paid sick leave. Sick leave provisions did not generally apply to plant workers. The only significant exceptions were retail trade and transportation, communication, and other public utilities, with approximately a third of the workers in establishments that had formal provisions for paid sick leave after a yearfs service. Paid holidays Paid holidays, generally 6 in number, were provided almost universally to Buffalo office workers and to 85 percent of the city*s plant workers. The most liberal provisions were found in finance, insurance, and real estate where almost three-fourths of the office workers received either 11 or 12 paid holidays (table 22). Nonproduotion bonuses Buffalo firms employing about a third of the office workers and a quarter of the plant workers granted nonproduction bonuses, usually for Christmas or the year-end (table 23) • This practice was most frequently reported far office workers in finance, insurance, and real estate establishments. Among non-office workers, such bonuses were most coanaon in retail and wholesale trade. Insurance and pension plans Insurance and pension plans paid for by employers, wholly or in part, were provided by firms employing almost 90 percent of the office workers and almost 80 percent of the plant workers (table 2k) . Life insurance plans were most prevalent. Over half of the office workers and about a fourth of the plant workers were in organizations with a retirement pension system. Firms employing over half the plant workers and a slightly smaller percentage of office workers reported health Insurance plans. 6. Table 2.— OFFICE OCCUPATIONS (Average earnings 1/ and weekly scheduled hours for selected occupations by industry division) Sex, occupation, and industry division zj Average $ $ 4 Weekly Number Under 25.OO 27.50 30.00 Hourly Weekly sched of and $ workers uled earnings earnings 25.00 under hours $ 32.50 35.00 dumber of workers receiving strainski-hime weekly earnings 0r r $ 4 4 4 4 $ $ 4 4 4 4 $ 37.50 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 $ 4 4 4 * 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 85.00 27.30 30.00 32.50 35.00 37.50 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.30 50.00 52.50 55*00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65*00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 85*00 and over Ken Bookkeepers, h a n d ................. ...... . Manufacturing .•••••...... ................ Nonmanufacturing ••...... ............. Wholesale trade •••••••••••••••••a*.***.. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ••..••••••........... 146 56 90 36 Clerks, accounting ••••••••.... .......... . Manufacturing............................ Nonmanufacturing ........ ............. Wholesale trade ........................ Finance, insurance, and real estate 325 Clerks, general ••............ ............. Manufacturing ............... Nonmanufacturing j/ ••....... ............ Wholesale t r a d e ....... ................ Clerks, o r d e r ........... ........... ...... Manufacturing .•••••••••.......... •..... . Nonmanufacturing tJ ............... . Wholesale trade ............ ........ . Clerks, pay roll ........... ............. . Manufacturing ...................... . Nonmanufacturing ......... ............... 23 210 115 4l 12 156 39 57 28 123 47 82 71 164 m 20 uo .5 lu .0 >10.0 $1.49 $60.90 1.51 62.00 1.49 59*50 39.5 1.66 65.50 >10.0 1.46 58.50 39.5 1+0.0 39.0 39.0 37.5 1.52 60.00 1.64 1.28 65.50 50.00 51.00 39.5 40.0 39.0 39*5 4o.o 4i.o 40.0 4o.o 40.0 40.0 1.31 1.31 1.44 1-39 1.55 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.48 1.49 40.5 1.51 1.55 1.25 49.00 57.00 55.50 60.50 58.00 .. - _ .- - - 2 - 10 - 2 - - - ~ - - •» - 3 •» - - ’- bo.50 «• - - Office hove ...................a.*........... MsumfAcfcnvluv .........I Nonmanufacturing jj/ Finance, Insurance, and real estate ••••• Transportation, communication, and other vmhlic ntilltifiB 148 66 82 18 *7.0 -7Q • Ij .86 yp.OQ 39.0 38.5 .76 .77 29.50 29.50 18 71I.K •82 71 cn ■* J Tabal&ting-m&chine operators ••..••••••.... . 36 38.0 1.55 59.00 - 175 1.00 1.04 105 39.5 kO.R 39.0 125 39.O 17 *« 10 7 3 3 - 3 3 l 3 3 3 10 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 - 3 _ 18 4 14 7 2 18 7 11 .. 2 7 7 - - 10 - 15 6 2 2 13 4 4 - 7 14 ll 39 39 3 3 - 3 3 6 6 6 10 10 - 12 5 7 7 - 2 2 - 2 2 9 5 4 - 9 9 - R1 j** JK 14 Q 7( 1 £ 71 J•7 J7 46 5 6 4 1 g k p C 1 A 3 3 - _ - - *2 jcP‘ 7 9 7 4 11 10 1 5 - 3 10 p c 8 - 8 8 - 10 - 5 59.50 61.50 59.00 59.50 62.00 50.50 4 _ 4 4 - 4 4 • - 10 10 12 10 2 3 3 2 1 3 - - - 31 4 27 8 4 8 8 - 22 ~ - 1 1 - 8 3 5 .. 6 l - 27 15 12 10 - 14 14 - 14 7 7 7 16 7 7 7 - 25 13 21 10 11 4 7 11 3 2 5 13 22 18 4 4 9 9 9 16 - 6 2 6 2 4 - 4 4 - . - 3 35 34 1 19 17 2 - - - - - 10 4 4 - 3 3 3 l - 4 4 - - 6 6 - 14 2 12 6 - 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 - 19 9 2 - 10 10 6 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 4 - 6 6 _ 10 4 7 7 - 14 14 - 4 4 - 12 7 5 6 6 - 52 52 - 1 2 2 3 mm - 2 16 16 4 k - - - 1 7 4 17 15 2 - 8 1 1 19 19 10 - l 30 28 2 - 13 13 7 5 15 15 16 7 7 - 6 6 1 8 4 4 6 6 - 12 3 9 7 2 2 - 2 4 4 3 - 4 4 _ 71 71 - - - - - - 4 2 3 - 2 1 1 4 28 22 p 26 13 11 £ 4 5 4 7 p C 5 14 10 4 6 £ V 12 31 lU 17 16 15 2 23 5 1 Women Billers, machine (billing machine) •••••••••• llonrifnf feny\ wg Nonmanufacturing •••••••••••••••••••••»•••• Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine).... * See footnotes &t end of table. 70 39.50 •97 42.00 38.OO - •95 37.00 - 71 1 4 21 20 18 8 1 10 21 14 17 . - MB 4 - - 4 - - - - - - Occupational Tags Survey, Buffalo, Bnr Itek, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 7< Table 2.— OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average earnings l/ and weekly scheduled hours for selected occupations hy industry division) Sex, occupation, and industry division 2] of workers % $ Weekly 2 5 .0 0 2 7 .5 0 sched- Hourly Weekly Under £ and uled earnings earnings 25.00 under 27.50 30.00 Women 32 .5 0 35.00 37.50 4o.oo 4 2 .5 0 45.00 47.5° 50.00 $ 5 2 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 5 2 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 P T $ $ 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 167.50 70.00 57.5° 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 7 2 .5 0 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A .............. . . Manufacturing........................................................................... Nonmanufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B "................. .. Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .. Nonmanufacturing 3 / ................. .......................................... Wholesale trade . ............. .................................................. Retail trade ..................................... ......................... . . . f Calculating-machine operators (Comptometer type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .. Manufacturing ............................. Nonmanufacturing j / ........... .. ............ Wholesale t r a d e .... .................. . He tail trade ...................................... .. Calculating-machine operators (other than Conptometer type) ...................................................................... Mflnufn.cturlng Nonmanufacturing .......................................................... .. Clerks, accounting ................... ....... . Manufacturing ............................... Nonmanufacturing 3 / .......................... Wholesale trade . . . . . . ............. ......................... Retail trade . . . . . . ............... ........................ .. Finance, insurance, and real estate . . . ............. Services .*............... ................................... .. Clerks, file, class A . . . . . ............... ................................ Manufacturing .................................................................... .. Nonmanufacturing jj/ ..................................... _ ___ _______ Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ 25T 9° 167 63 4 o.o 3 9 .5 $1.31 4 0 .0 X.63 Ho.o 4 l.O 12 26 1 .2 8 1 .3 5 X.3 3 1(0.0 39.0 1 .4 0 51 j* 39.0 1.21 liS.O 1 .3 5 1 .0 4 42 4 0 .0 36 J 387 XX4 273 71 39.5 4 0 .5 39.5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 lit U26 198 222 4 o.o 4 0 .0 39.5 39.5 129 79 95 iio 4 0 .0 . 32.0 55 3 7 .5 298 3 9 .5 4 0 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 1 .0 78 . 0 4 0 .0 227 6ll 146 1 X3 X96 72 96 25 71 13 3 9 .5 4 1 .0 3 9 .0 4 l #0 3g. 5 1.21 .9 1 $52.50 5 0 .5 0 54.00 54.50 65.00 56.00 47.00 47.00 54.00 39.50 36.00 1.01 .86 I.03 .88 4 1 .0 0 3 4 .0 0 4 0 .5 0 1.03 4 i.oo 4 2 .0 0 4 o.oo 1 .0 5 1.01 1 .0 8 .86 35,00 42.50 — - - - - - - 2 - - — 1 5 - 2 2 - 2 l.li? 1.00 4 l ;0 0 4 5 .0 0 3 7 .5 0 2 2 1 .0 3 40.50 43.00 15 3 9 .5 0 15 1.06 1.01 1 .0 4 .« 9 1.03 .90 •9H 1.09 .88 . *17JQ 1 .0 5 40.50 36.50 39.00 36.00 37 . 0 ° 4 4 .5 0 3**50 72 ,.50 40.50 36 j 24 l 36 23 - - - 11 11 3 $ 12 3 61 6 4 10 3 9 H 10 3 9 *3 24 59 18 5 108 17 91 12 - 24 5 3 3 3 3 - - 5 3 - *3 15 J38 16 - mm 22 7H 1 R J 4 7 1? 4 10 5 96 ~ 28 10 18' 12 3 b 12 2 R J mm - - 1 mm 3 * .5 0 1 .0 8 - 2 — - l 2 6 — 6 mm — 16 20 21 - 21 £ 1 55 39 21 25 5 20 10 10 - 8 5 — - 2 6 1 'mm 8 15 l*s 6 x Q J j 60 20 j iiO 7 2 •Z J 35 18 _ m. ■*r T! 9 24 7 5 26 12 2 92 5i 4i l4 27 26 1 18 8 12 9 5 22 - 3 17 10 10 4 6 114 25 89 3 17 3 98 121 Hi 50 71 27 14 31 67 3 20 11 36 14 5 9 1 5 \ V j 6 11 6 H4 12 9 2 mm 31 3* 5 2 9 9 2 mm 48 30 20 11 5 9 26 23 10 13 12 19 10 9 x 8 22 12 12 15 7 1 12 12 2 2 17 8 5 4 x 17 9 8 3 1 x H 8 - 6 - 5 H 1 — 9H 35 59 15 10 4 1 R J 5 5U 23 31 10 2 — , 14 17 6 11 2 2 1 13 5 4 10 9 - 7 18 4 4 M M l* 20 11 j r g 5 7 14 36 9 11 11 4 4 4 4 2 6 3* 10 28 H8 23 3 6 8 2 25 4 - — - mm mm mm - - - l4 l4 2 2 2 - 2 - 23 H7 17 9 6 3* 30 2 - 4 8 «• ‘- — - 15 1 mm 4 mm- 1 2 5 3 - 2 - 2 - - 2 4 3 2 6 - 2 • ' - - See footnotes at end of table, 17 5 12 7 5 .0 0 80.00 85.00 mm - - 11 11 «. SfR U op.U and over H 2 2 mm mm - 36 36 M - 10 2 8 12 2 •» « _ mm _ mm mm mm mm — _ «■ mm mm - - mm - - - - - mm mm - mm - - - - - - 4 2 2 ... • - mm - - 2 - - - mm 4 - - - 4 mm mm mm mm - mm mm - mm 4 - mm - - - - mm - mm mm mm mm 'm m - mm „ mm mm mm mm mm mm - 2 - mm mm mm mm - * » - - - mm - mm mm - mm - 4 - - - 4 X x mm e? 2 2 - 5 - 4 mm _ _ 20 10 10 5 7 7 _ ’— mm 7 2 mm 26 18 8 6 2 14 6 6 l 2 21 6 - - 8 4 4 x 3 3 3 21 2 2 * - 6 1 2 2- 1 1 9 - 5 - 1 1 " $ 7 2 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 — Continued Bookkeepers, h a n d ................... *....... . Manufacturing..... ......................... Nonmanufacturing ..................... . . . . Retail t r a d e ............................................ ........ .. Finance, insurance, and real es t a t e ................. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.... ............................. Services . . ................................ Pafol1 famber o f workers receiv: n g straight-time weekly earnings of 1 $ $ $ $ $ 1j 30.00 32.50 35.00 37.50 4 0 .0 0 42.50 4 5 .0 0 *7 .5 0 50.00 2 8 Table 2.— OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average earnings 1/ and weekly scheduled hours for selected occupations by industry division) Sex, occupation, and industry division 2j Average $ $ $ 1 Weekly Number Under 25-00 27.50 30.00 32.50 sched Hourly Weekly of and $ workers uled earnings earnings 25.00 under hours 27-50 30.00 32.50 number of workers receiving straigki-time weekly earnings of - 1 * $ * 1 1— 3 $ 1— * 1 ---$ 1— 1 1 ► 00 37.50 40.00 }42.50 45.00 47.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 $ 85.0C and .50 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.50 50.00 52.50 55*00 57-50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75*00 80.00 85*00 over Women - Continued Clerks, file, class B ............. •••••.•••• Manufacturing........ .................... Nonmanufacturing •«••#••••••»••••••••••. Wholesale trade ...»......... ........ Be tail trade •.•••••..••••••........... • Finance, insurance, and real estate •••«• Clerks, general •••••....................... Manufacturing .• •• •.................. ••••• Nonmanufacturing j J ............. .. Wholesale trade ••••••........ . Retail trade .*...... ................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .•••••••••••...... . Clerks, order ............... ............ . Manufacturing....... ............ Nonmanufacturing • •..... ............... Wholesale t r a d e .......... ............. . Clerks, pay r o l l ..... ...................... Manufacturing ................. ........... Nonmanufacturing .................. . Wholesale trade ......................... Retail trade ••..••••••.......... ••••••• Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .............. ........ Services ................................ 353 150 203 ^3 57 84 67 k 114 560 Finance, insurance, and real estate ..... Manufacturing ........................ ••••• Nonmanufacturing 3/ ................ . Wholesale trade ............. . Retail trade ........... .......... See footnotes at end of table 40.5 38.0 39*0 4o.o $0.80 $31.50 11 .86 34.50 29.50 29.50 27.00 29.00 11 1 10 - I.O3 1.11 I.O3 40.00 44.50 1.06 41.50 32.50 1 1 1 15 15 l 44.50 34.00 - 2 5 4 40.00 41.50 3O.5O 1 1 1 4 4 4 9 9 4 5 42 22 20 8 12 43.50 43.OO 44.50 50.00 39.OO - 12 12 - 18 10 8 4 — _ .76 .76 .67 •76 13^ 119 38.5 39.0 40.5 119 35 39.5 39.5 1.13 2U 9 39*0 39*5 1.01 39.50 .97 1.03 1.05 38.5O 117 132 66 39.0 39.5 31 40.5 M 3 271 39*5 39*0 40.0 39*5 142 35 *3 ^7 14 875 ................. ...... Nonmanufacturing Wholesale trade ............... •••••••••• 39-5 40.0 39 .0 39.0 429 446 80 98 152 52 55 21 3^ ll 12 40.5 .SO .86 •75 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.27 •96 39*0 1.26 42.5 .85 40.0 40.5 .89 39*0 39.0 41.5 38.0 40.0 39*5 4o.o 39*5 38.5 41.0 .89 •88 •97 *76 .82 •76 •94 •99 •91 •90 •71 39.50 49.OO 36.OO 47 2 45 5 13 27 71 7 64 15 28 21 *7 39 48 9 5 28 3^ 1 7S 3 75 27 33 28 12 36 _ . - - 4 35.50 36.OO 34.50 38.OO 31.50 31.00 30.50 32 32 2 - 62 1 66 33 33 7 i53 42 ill 10 26 11 30 - 28 5 15 - 29 27 37-00 39.50 36.OO • 5 •* 5 5 3 3 3 34.50 29.OO 60 mm 23 35 7 2 5 4 *6 55 1 2 1 1 7 6 l 4 4 62 7S 2 23 *3 6 37 4 - 14 14 l 31 26 5 2 2 13 l 7 1 72 22 >6 3 >3 L7 50 20 1 5 - 2 55 32 l 53 42 11 3 5 19 9 10 8 60 MMB - bmm - - - •* • — - - BM - BB - 17 2 6 9 7 - 2 - - - - L3 2 Ll 3 3 20 13 7 4 1 11 5 6 3 25 4 21 19 21 15 6 4 18 18 14 18 10 8 4 12 Ml - - MB - 2 2 MB* - mm mm - - - - *3 52 Ll 8 47 36 ll ~ 2 10 - — 38 35 15 7 2 21 17 4 1 16 3 42 25 17 4 5 50 42 20 7 8 5 l 2 2 7 1 5 1 12 4 119 44 21 23 1 1 20 60 6 54 3 7 6 4 2 2 - 5 2 3 - 3 3 - 7 3 4 7 2 5 mm *• *■ 62 2 1 1 1 4 4 *• 7 2 5 4 *• 2 - 3 2 5 6 6 6 6 — 13 - 3^ 24 8 2 4 3 1 2 ** 25 2 66 57 9 4 - 4 3 - 4 6 6 — 15 - >6 15 51 L5 7 2 4 10 10 L5 L9 123 8 25 8 17 4 - 10 10 14 5 14 8 6 — 15 6 3 16 13 29 >0 2 7 9 42 55 3 9 - «3 40 61 20 41 14 — 8 5 29 13 6 3 8 8 - 8 8 - 6 5 l l 18 6 12 - 8 7 1 1 - •» - mm 12 BB. - 1 1 - 6 6 6 - M. " - 5 5 - 6 6 6 - 2 2 - - MB. - _ - - - - _ - _ - m mm mm •» - - BM • BB* - - 1 mm — mm " 9 Table 2.— OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average earnings l/ and weekly scheduled hours for selected occupations by industry division) 1 0 27.50 30.00 ' workers receiving strai t-time weekly earnings of $ $ $ 1 $ $ * $ ? T T 32.50 35.00 37.50 40.00 42.50 h 5.00 47.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.5O 60.00 62.50 65.OO U Sex, occupation, and industry division 2/ $ © Average 1 Weekly Number Under 25.00 sched- Hourly Weekly £ of and uled earnings earnings $ workers 25.00 under hours 167.50 $70.00 I--72.50 75.00 80.00 $ 27.50 30.00 32.50 35.OO 37.50 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.5° 50.00 52.50 55.00 157.50 60.00 62.50 65*00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 go .00 85.00 Women - Continued Key-punch operators • •...................... Manufacturing • ............................ Nonmanufacturing ..................... • 151 Office girls ......... ...................... Manufacturing •• •• •.......... ............. Nonmanufacturing 3/ •..................... Wholesale t r a d e ...... ....... .......... Finance, insurance, and read e s t a t e .... Secretaries..... ......... .................. Manufacturing.... ....................... . Nonmanufacturing ~ j j ...................... Wholesale t r a d e ......................... Eetail trade ............................ Finance, insurance, and real estate ..••• Services .................. .............. 56 39.0 ho.o 95 38.5 162 68 39*0 39.0 39*0 37-5 9^ 26 kk 610 328 282 57 31 63 Ik Stenographers, g e n e r a l ............. . Manufacturing......... ................... Nonmanufacturing ..••••..••............... Wholesale t r a d e ......................... Eetail trade ............... .......... Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e .... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities •••••••••...... . Services ......... ...................... . 1.363 761 602 162 57 Stenographers, technical......... . Manufacturing ............................ Nonmanufacturing ....................... 67 39 28 See footnotes at end of table. 887157 0 - 50 - 2 221 126 36 38.5 $1.09 1.05 1.12 •77 •86 •72 •77 •66 41.5 1.30 1.27 1.36 i.2h 1.10 1.32 1.12 39-5 39.5 39.0 39.0 S*0.0 37.5 1 10 $42.50 42.00 - 43.00 1 10 30.00 33.50 Ik 33 28.00 29.00 25.50 ih 48.50 44.00 49.50 46.50 21 - - ••• - 1.05 1.08 I.O3 39.5 »*0.0 1.06 .90 42.00 36.00 - 38.0 •97 37.00 6 - 47.00 36.50 _ l.2h 39*0 MO.O 1.22 1.20 37.5 1.25 •88 47.50 48.00 47.00 ih 5 9 16 6 10 16 8 8 3 5 2 8 27 17 9 17 7 39.5 38.0 hi. 5 7 3 10 28 5 'b 10 21 1*0.0 39.O 41.50 43.00 40.00 3* 8 - 10 2 12 51.50 50.00 53.OO 11 3 8 2 2 2 2 20 - - 2 1 2 13 7 5 1 1 1 - 2 - 136 15 loh 2h 80 28 18 29 _ - k - 2 k _ — • *• •• • - 6 5 5 1 k 20 20 3 1 51 *5 10 10 56 5 95 51 kk 6 6 20 16 13 3 2 2 k k 33 19 ih 2 7 3 2 213 132 81 17 11 ho 37 13 h 7 1 195 118 77 3* 35 11 20 6 6 9 18 9 3 2 1 1 1 1 l - l 1 1 3 2 1 — 2 13 10 11 8 5 h 3 1 3 7 - 2 2 - 10 96 59 37 - 8 1 7 15 3 27 17 5 167 I2h 39 lh 25 6 27 8 19 5 3 2 50 36 ih h - Ik k2 12 10 2 7 k 1 71 50 21 30 21 23 7 18 2 1 - 13 12 3 2 19 5 9 17 hh 5 5 — 3 3 12 10 2 ih 6 66 2k 37 hh **3 - 5 5 10 6 22 h 2h 6 1 10 59 ~ h 15 8 8 8 1 1 kl 1 12 *3 25 18 2 10 69 23 h6 - 7 8 5 5 105 26 131 12 2 12 h 2 3 2 k 3 18 5 16 31 9 7 3 28 85.00 and over 10 Table 2.— OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average earnings 1J and weekly scheduled hours for selected occupations "by industry division) Sex, occupation, and industry division 2/ Number of workers tfumVer of workers receiving etrad^i'Wtlme weekly earnings of Average $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ - $ Weekly $ Weekly Under 25.00 27.50 30.00 32.50 35.00 37.50 1+0.00 1+2.50 1+5.00 *17.50 50.00 52.50 55.00:57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 so. 00 S5.0C sched Hourly and $ earnings uled earnings and 25.00 under hours over 27.50 30.00. 32^50 *55.00 37t5° 1+0.00 1+2.50' 1+5.00 *17,50 5°t 00 52.50 55.00 57,50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72,50 75.00 so. 00 S5.00 Women - Continued Switchboard operators .......................... Manufacturing................... ............. Nonmanufacturing J / .......................... Wholesale trade ............................ Retail trade ............................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ 262 87 175 15 52 IS ck Switchboard operator-receptionists .............. Manufacturing...... .......................... Nonmanufacturing ............................. Wholesale trade ............................ 7^ ^ ^^ yfc U29 171 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities .......................... Services ................................ . 33 258 SO 67 U0.5 1+1.0 i+o.o 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 3 7 .5 5-3 .0 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 5 0 .5 kn 0 $0.93 .96 .91 .9 5 .79 1.16 .7^ .93 .98 .9 0 .98 .7 5 $ 37.50 39.50 36.50 36.50 31.50 U3.50 32.00 3 7 .0 0 3 9 .0 0 36.00 3 9 .5 0 30.00 38.50 - 7 - 21 - 7 21 - IS 2 jc 2 85 33 52 37 3 8 .5 5o.o 3 7 .5 3 7 .0 1.22 U7.00 52.00 1*3 .5 0 *• — — Transcribing-machine operators, general ............. ISO — - .’ ............ ............... .......................... 85 61 class A .....................*.......................... 100 3 9 .0 Nonmanufacturing Wholesale trade Typists, Typists, class B ............................... Manufacturing............. .............. . Nonmanufacturing .......................... Wholesale trade ............................ Finance, insurance, and real estate ....... . 1/ 2/ U21 ki 380 97 225 38 .5 5 1 .0 38.5 38.5 38.5 Excludes pay for overtime. The scope of the study is indicated in footnotes to table 1 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 1.00 1.03 39-22 1.00 .9 7 3 7 .5 0 3 8 .5 0 — 1.00 3 9 .0 0 - .83 .88 .82 .81 .81 32.00 36.00 13 3 1 .5 0 13 31.00 31.00 5 12 11 Tabdlating-machlne operators ............... Manufacturing........ ....................... Nonmanufacturing j / ...................................... Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e ........... . 40.50 6 h - 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 38 .5 3 8 .5 9 13 h 1 95 9 3 — k o .o o — - 32.00 1.16 1.0s j on Cv 3 9 .5 0 1 .3 0 11 g 1.00 .so - I 6 ih 22 22 8 12 h 3 — 3 60 11 op C.C. h - h h 6 6 21 17 15 l 2 3 6 — 16 12 7 5 100 6 9 *f 29 56 117 2 115 21 92 6 6 2 8 12 5 36 39.5 i+o.o h 38 63 3b 27 10 hi - 38 1 hs 10 75 15 12 1.01 7 9 1 — 8 16 28 " 3s. 0 ho 67 22 55 1 16 16 111 5 7 7 11 2 l — 16 9 7 7 50 37 13 10 12 — 22 ih 6 U 33 If : If - 2 2 - • : - ~ ■ - - - . - .. - 2 2 - - - - - - - “ - 2 2 6 - 2 2 6 6 2 2 - — - — - • - — 6 1 1 - 1 1 — — - 2 2 - - •• - — - - - - - - - - - - 2 10 23 3 — 3 — 2 ih 19 17' 5 5 5 2 3 3 8 1 19 81 31 50 q 8 k — 21 9 8 U - £ u U 2 3 - - 7 9 3 7 — I6 16 l 35 7 5 U9 2? 24 19 11 10 1 ** 9 12 15 20 28 28 8 5 15 24 3 5 2 5 23 13 9 3 81 68 - - 6 11 2 2 11 8 11 — h h 12 6 8 h h 2 2 Vf - 7 3 2l lb 19 h h - h 3 13 9 ih 10 — - 2 l 1 5 1 1 7 7 U 3 6 - 6 1 1 1 1 - h — - 8 9 9 •• — *■ mm ** 6 6 3 9 - • - -• — * - — — — —- 14 17 _ ' — mm If 3 1 - — — — — — — “* “ “* — 11 Table 3.— -MAINTENANCE, CUSTODIAL, WAREHOUSING, AND TRUCKING OCCUPATIONS (Average hourly earnings 1/ for selected occupations 2/ by industry division) ------------ ! Occupation and industry division 3 / Number of workers Average hourly earnings ¥' 0.60 Under $0.60 under .65 of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of Number < • f $ $ if If Q4 $ $ £ 9 $ 1 § ■t ?t 1 1 5 i $ 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2,10 2.20 & and .70 ,75 .80 .85 .90 over •95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1-35 1.40 L.45 I .50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 Maintenance Carpenters, maintenance ................ .. Manufacturing •........... ........... .., Nonmanufacturing y ..................... Retail trade ................... . Electricians, maintenance ............ ..... . Manufacturing ...... . Nonmanufacturing i j .... ............. ...« Engineers, stationary........ ., Manufacturing...... .................... Nonmanufacturing ..... ................ Retail trade ........ ........ ...».... Finance, insurance, and real estate ...... Services ..... ......... ............. 333 280 $ 1.62 1.64 1 - 53 28 1.52 1.54 571 518 53 1.76 __ 1.79 - 514 382 132 15 46 62 Firemen, stationary boiler........... . Manufacturing •••......... .............. Nonmanufacturing ......... ......... . Retail trade... .................... . Finance, insurance, and real estate •••••. Services ............................ 574 448 Helpers, trades, maintenance... •••••••...... Manufacturing .......................... Nonmanufacturing ...... .............. Wholesale trade ........... ........ Retail trade...... .............. . 1,103 945 15* 4S 126 12 32 53 _ - - _ - - - - - 1 1 1 7 - 7 - - 18 8 12 2 1 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 - - - _ - - - _ - _ - 4 - _ - 2 - - 1.50 - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - 2 2 2 1.60 1.65 1.46 1.32 1.44 1.47 13 - - - - - - 4 - 7 — - 5 - 11 - M - 8 «- _ - 4 - 11 - - - - - - - 1 6 - - - 1 .2S 1.34 1.05 1.02 1.02 — - 447 1.74 Maintenance men, general utility..... . Manufacturing...... •••••............... Nonmanufacturing 4 / ....... . Retail trade ........................ Services .................•••••••••••••• 313 201 112 — - 43 1 .3a 1.43 1.29 1.17 1.16 - Mechanics, maintenance ...................... Manufacturing ....... ....................... Nonmanufacturing •••••................... 444 419 25 1.67 1 .6 8 1 .4 a - - ** 6 - 6 - 6 .99 Machinists, maintenance - _ - 1 6 - - 1 6 - - 6 13 5 14 5 2 2 8 2 - 3 - 5 21 12 15 - 12 2 11 10 1 8 - - 2 6 2 - 4 - 8 64 42 10 6 34 22 4 25 9 16 1 1 11 12 10 9 9 - 14 6 8 3 5 2 4 7 11 2 2 11 11 79 51 135 130 155 154 99 92 - 28 5 1 7 135 45 42 3 124 104 37 14 23 4 26 4 - 18 14 4 3 7 1 4 18 48 44 4 4 47 47 — 80 80 - 31 31 — 2 - - - - - 530 530 — 33 33 103 22 7 2 3 _ 5 3 12 4 - 8 26 57 52 5 70 67 3 29 29 - 28 — 1 1 2 - 1 , - 41 40 3 - «. - - - 1 6 1 3 - 5 5 7 4 56 164 87 77 — - 24 24 — 30 2 - _ 6 - - 1 5 2 8 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - - 2 “ 6 23 — - 7 — 5. - - - 42 9 33 13 17 48 42 6 1 1 23 23 - - 28 18 10 — 6 7 - — 2 2 2 22 18 4 1 - __ - 14 - _ - 11 — - - - — - _ - 2 7 2 1 — 1 12 10 2 4 " . — - - 2 1 7 5 - 5 7 - 11 5 2 — _ M 2 2 7 8 6 2 1 - 2 2 2 47 9 7 1 6 4 15 15 ~ 5 - 3 4 4 - 83 83 2 - 6 - 2 6 - 50 44 6 - 70 70 “ 56 50 6 6 6 1 - - 15 20 10 5 3 12 10 2 - 16 11 - - . 34 - - 8 ' 8 - - 26 Se e footnotes at end of table* 6 4 _ 1.39 1.42 1.27 1.41 •93 26 - — 111 24 2 91 12 12 20 - 5 - - 5 5 2 2 3 3 — 51 51 — - 13 13 -. 4 4 _ - 6 2 2 - 2 - 2 1 12 8 - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46 28 18 18 6 6 8 8 26 26 - - - - — - - 38 - - mm — - 8 36 129 64 136 9 2 2 - 37 34 3 28 28 - 16 16 - 19 1 18 2 2 - - 21 21 119 119 78 78 87 87 70 63 39 35 4 " " " 7 - - — - 2 - Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 12 Table 3 ♦— MAINTENANCE, CUSTODIAL, WAREHOUSING, A N D TRUCKING OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average hourly earnings ij for selected occupations 2/ by industry division) Number of workers Occupation and industry division 2/ Average hourly earnings Nuiaber of wo]rkers recejLvin^ stra.ight-itime llourlsr eani W s of 8 1 i # ¥ r 1 1 ¥ I $ $ $ r $ $ $ $ $ 1 i ? $ » 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 Under «id and $0.60 under over 2,20 2.00 1.90 1.60 lf80 1.70 2t10 f65 *7° t75 .80 •8J .90 t?5 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 lt20 1.25 1.30 1 .?? 1,40 1.45 it?o Maintenance - Continued IwH11-urw-trrM-a . ... ..... . 6 u>a Hoy Oilers .... ••••.••••••••....... .............. Manufacturing ................... •••••»•••••••••• 357 333 24 1.39 1*39 1»-037* - Painters, maintenance .*•••.............. ••»•».»•••• ____________________ _____________ Nonmanufacturing 4 / .... RA'fm^1 +.t*2Ho ______ _ .. ._____________________ Services ...................... ...... . 158 1.50 70 17 36 1*37 1-69 1.09 PI no W . maln^AnjmnA____________ __________ __ 88 - _ - - - 2U. 1.70 A. jw 495 1.38 - - 1.03 21 1.18 •85 .98 .79 .94 — 55 «• 55 45 - - - 3 2 3 2 3 - 2 10 10 - 6 - K — - 5 - - — - 5 1 - - - - 2 37 54 79 24 35 29 - 51 43 2 2 3 3 5 5 3 3 5 5 11 248 11 248 16 1 13 2 3 6 1 15 13 2 3 5 7 6 1 1 13 2 3 2 - 13 1 1 5 m. - 12 12 9 4 23 9 16 mm 1 7 - 8 214 66 29 2 - - - - 11 11 2 1 1 2 2 - mm - av - 8 me 8 8 - .. - - - - - 2 10 51 42 88 27 10 20 162 102 - 63 18 3 - - - 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 M mm . - mm Custodial. Warehousing, and Trucking Guards ....... Janitors, porters and cleaners (men) ............... Manufacturing .... .. ... Nonmanufacturing...... Wholesale trade Retail trade ......... ..... Finance, insurance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities •*•••••••••.......... •••.•• Services ••...... ......... .......... ...... . 1,721 966 Janitors, porters and cleaners (women) ♦•••♦•••♦♦♦•••• Manufacturing .............................. . Nonmanuf&cturing y .............. . Wholesale trade Retail trade ............................. Finance, insurance, and real estate Services ............................... . 848 See footnotes at end of table* 755 51 358 111 61 174 80 768 22 115 485 101 21 - 12 2 - - - - « 3 - 1 10 10 5 8 47 71 — 71 — 46 129 5 124 14 71 27 153 31 128 52 76 4 40 1X4 29 85 16 40 68 21 76 70 209 147 6 24 .. 12 45 o 7 18 47 4 5 7f 56 27 29 3 13 Q7 5 15 21 4 5 15 4 2 2 4 6 8 4 15 14 12 35 - 12 1.05 .79 7 10 23 •84 .97 •S3 .73 .72 .87 .72 25 _ 25 1 44 20 44 1 42 — 42 7 33 17 17 - 10 L 21 122 6 59 10 — 25 8 47 19 103 10 77 201 202 93 77 201 3 199 28 46 3 9 59 9 2 2 171 28 193 -*-7j 19 7 12 4 16 1 1 U 1 16 53 7 200 121 6 26 9 «. 8 «, 2 13 46 2 3 5 3 10 5 2 c J 1 18 92 184 105 177 97 8 7 7 .. 18 - - - 5 4 4 4 10 10 1 8 90 86 4 24 18 6 6 «» «. _ «, «» - - mm „ „ _ «■- — e» A «» mm - - - - - / m- mm- • - • mm _ • «> «• mm «■» x -. - - - - - - - - ew- «•» - - - 13 Table 3 MAIN THU ANCE, CUSTODIAL, WAREHOUSING, AND TRUCKING OCCUPATIONS - Continued (Average hourly.earnings 1/ for selected occupations ZJ by industry divisionj 14, CHARACTERISTIC INDUSTRY OCCUPATIONS (Average earnings in selected occupations in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries) Table U.— FLOUR AND OTHER GRAIN-MILL PRODUCTS 1/ Number of workers Occupation 2/ Bolters....................... ......... ...... Orala-elevator operators..... ..... . Millers, flour ............ ..................... ••••••••• Packers, sacks .............. .................... Smutters ..... •••••••••••••••........ .......... . Sweepers .... ....... ........... ....... .............. k2 12 6 13 255 average hourly $1.3° and under earnings 1 .3 5 ____ 2L____ $1 . 6 5 1.52 2.12 1.53 1.55 2 1.35 $i.W *1 . 3 5 i.i*o 51.1*5 1 .5 0 1.1*5 32 - - 37 197 199 i f The study covered establishments in Erie County en^loying more than 20 workers primarily engaged in milling flour or meal from grain. Of the estimated 7 establishments and 2,680 workers in this industry, 5 establishments with 2,276 workers were actually studied. IKimber of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings o£ $l.bO : $1.65 $1.90 • $2 .0 6 51.70 : $1.80 $1.50 5 1 .5 5 1.55 1.65 — 11 - 1 .6 0 6 6 50 - 15 • 52 15 6 - 2 6 1 28 - - - - 1.70 1 30 - - 2] Data limited to men workers, j/ Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work, 1.80 «. • - 2.00 1.90 $5'.i0' 2.10 2.20 $2.20 : 52.30 2.1*0 2.30 .. 2 - - - - 1 2 - 3 - - - - - - 6 - - Table 5.— PAPER AND PAPERBOARD MILLS 1J Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of Number 51 .U0 $1.20 $1.10 $i.5o $1.30 $1750 *1.15 51.25 51.35 Occi^>ation 2/ of and under workers 1.1*5 1.20 1.30 1.1*0 1.60 1.50 1.70 1.25 1.35 1.15 3] _ • Back tenders k j ............... .............. ................. 10 7 $1.30 3 Beater men ......... ................................. . 60 6 22 12 1.27 7 13 Broke men .............. ....................................... 2k 1..23 5 7 9 3 Mechanics, maintenance.... ................... ................. kk 1 1.56 9 31 3 • Paper-machine tenders k j ............. ..................... . 10 U 6 1.51 1 Paper testers.... ............................................. 19. 5 1.31 13 Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work. 1/ The study covered mills in Erie and Niagara Counties with more than 20 workers primarily engaged in manu 5/ Workers employed on paper machines 100 Inches or less in width, operating at average speed of 300 feet or facturing paper and pgperboard. All 7 establishments, employing 3»*&3 workers, estimated to be in these indus less per minute. Data for workers employed on machines of greater width or speed were insufficient to warrant tries were studied. presentation. 2/ Data limited to men workers. Average hourly earnings workers 2/ $0.80 $0.85 Wso .90 .95 0 JNujDDGF n-P OX Table 6.— INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS l/ Number of workers receiving straight-time hourlyr earnings of $1.10 51.15 $1.20 $1.25 51.30 51.35 $1.40 $1 .1*5 $1.50 $1.55 *0.95 $1.00 ETEjr $1.70 h ** M cr Occupation and sex Average hourly earnings and undar - -. - .85 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1 .1*0 1.1*5 1.50 1.30 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 72 72 lH 28 - 51.90 $2.00 $2.10 .75 $1.80' 1.80 1.85 1.90 2.00 2.10 2,20 77 6 6U 116 18 - 52 10 32 k2 k8 — l6 — - - Hen Chemical operators, class A ......... Chemical operators, class B ......... Chemical operators* helpers ........ Drum fillers ...... ................. Electric-cell men ................. Electric-cell repairmen and cleaners Instrument repairmen ............. Laboratoiy assistants Pipe fitters, maintenance ........ Women 921 $ 1.73 350 61 130 206 1.70 1.69 1.60 1.68 1.79 17 1.87 162 1.52 172 1.79 789 - - M. «• - - - ~ - k 12 - 29 21 3 36 • 16 12 378 136 31 28 135 kk 33 U 9 12 16 26 kg - 12 k 3 5 - 15 '6 2 10 k i* 68 2 Laboratory assistants 1.17 iy The study covered esta'tdis'bnents In Erle and Niagara bounties with more than ^O workers i n the incLustrfei inorganic and organic chemicals industries other than synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, and esplosives. Of the estimated 17 establishments and 10,270 workers in these industries, 9 establishments with 5,86l workers were actually studied. - lk 1 - • - 1 ~ 27 16 5 3 H8 2 - - - - 2/ 18 • 2 5 Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work 126 U 2^ 20 20 3 - k - 39 6 3 ko 166 li*8 21 2 U6 ilk 13 2 20 12 22 12 38 b6 3 3 — - - - - - - 10 Occupational Vfege Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Table 7.--METALW0BKING INDUSTRIES 1/ Occupation and sex of workers Average hourly earnings 2/ Number of workers receiving straindit-time hourly earnings of $ % $ $ $ $ $ 1 i $ * * $ „ $ $ *, $ T ~ O. 6 5 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 5 0.80 0 .8 5 0 .9 0 0.95 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 5 1 . 1 0 1 . 1 5 1 . 2 0 1 . 2 5 1 . 3 0 1-35 1 .1*0 1.1*5 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1.80 and under -70 . 7 5 ,80 .85 .90 ,95 1,00 JrtO*? 1,10 1 . 1 9 1,20 It 25 1 . 3 0 1.39 1,1*0 1,1*5 1 . 6 0 1 , 7 0 1.80 1.90 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 * V 2.00 2.10 and over 2.10 All Metalworking 1/ Men AssemblersT class A ............... ........... Assemblers, class B .......................... Assemblers, class C .......... ................ Drill-press operators, single* and multiple-spindle, class B .... Drill-press operators, single-and multiple-spindle, class C .».. Engine-lathe operators, class A ................ Engine—1a'the onerators. class B ................ Engine**! pthe operators, class C #,T.T.,T. Tt»*« • >• • ••■•••• ftrlruHncwnarViinfl rmemtcrs class k flr1nri1n/*-*nnchine rvneratcrs class B Grinding-machine operators, class C .............t......... t Inspectors, class A ..................................... Xrispectors, class C tT11 Tt11 T,fl,, .,t» • •• • ,,, M1111npwmachine onerators class A Will 1nx>*—(machine cnerators class B 11111 1nawdmach1ne rmenatons class f! Power-shear operators, class A ................. . Power-shear operators, class B, total .......... . Time ................................... . Incentive .......... ............. ....... . Punch-press operators, class A, total ........... . Time ... T.... T .T , , , Incentive................................ Punch—Dress ODerators. class total.......... Time .............................................. Incentive ............................... Tool and die makers (jobbing shops) .............. Tool and die makers (other than jobbing shops) ...., Welders, hand, class A .... ... ...... ......... . Welders, hand, class B, total ..................... . Time ..... ................... ..................... Incentive ................................ 3^2 758 557 128 $1.1*8 1-37 1.77 1.41 10 6 1 .1 7 1 .6 0 197 271 1*6 Rq 96 go 76 no so 170 29 77 6i 37 2U 16 5 *0 12 2 1*63 255 208 121 * 309 207 _m - - 16 10 - - 10 - 3 - 6S g 3 9 21 m m 1 .1*1 1.59 1.1*0 1.25 1.59 1.32 1.57 1.7S !.3f I.3 6 1.23 1.22 1.21+ 1.1*0 1.1*9 I.3 6 1.35 1.32 1.40 1.77 1.76 939 359 58 O 37 l.l6 1.01 1.25 1.15 22 lU JR - — - - - - JR _ - m m 5 5 - 5 12 12 21 - - _ - - - _ - — - - - — 2 2 21 jq ? 6 2 U m m .. 16 7 5U jQQ j 23 5 1 .6 2 285 100 9 39 __ 1 .1 7 1.1*3 l.l*l 1.1*8 385 m m - m m 1* U 22 10 12 10 m m 10 5 10 5 11 * 2 2 2 16 16 - - - - - - 10 10 10 10 51 21 30 32 32 10 10 10 5 - 5 cl 1+ 76 21 27 P7 ^J 10 2S J7 7 1 lO 3 k T 33 7 2 1 9 2 2 9 51* 2 52 2 7 16 13 13 ^3 30 13 70 fu IS lu 2 6 23 Ui 0 c. I i.7*) s 6 28 15 72 S 16 11 7 6l 52 p Pr Ji* 70 (V 10 1U 17 52 0 ii* p T9 a 19 13 - 152 U2 51* 5b 1 JQ oft 2o 2 0 lo a; 5 .1 2 - 11 6 1 i* 2 31 3 2 - c0 X 7 ( p c. p c p c X 7 3 1 - - - - 5 O p d 3 1 XVOJ 7 ii* X 22 30 17 1 ^ iO 1 0 lU tf 0 11 11 5 2 3 36 i # 10 20 U2 R J 37 U 30 SO u _ IS 1 0 XU s 11 2 2 • — 1 m m m m m m _ 2 2 1 R „ _ 11 2 29 51 5 19 « 10 5 1 9 0 10 p c Q V p c. 1 3 3 lU 10 r6 lU RR 8 Uo 7 7 26 g <r 17 XX h *t U2 q j — 10 £ 113 0 US 19 85 59 m m m m 33 15 18 1*1 7? 9 1*5 7 30 15 2 l 26 16 10 6U OO CC 19 S 1 — - 11 m m JR 5 ✓ 7(1 267 k p C j-1 3 2 5 k 23 33 2 7Q qk d p d 1 _ m m m m m m - U6 S5 R7 J^ 45 j 12 3 7 j 32 23 u 32 5 - - - - 26 lU 2 26 lU 2 - - - - 77 75 2 7 Ui 71 J -1- l 10 33 29 60 U2 36 60 U2 U 36 62 23 50 ^ R Women A s se mh l p tb . c l a s s C. total ......................... ... Time ...... ................. ....... ............. . I n c e n t i v e .......... ....... .................. .......... .......... . Drill-press operators, single-and multiple-spindle, class c .... See footnotes at end of table 16 65 16 3 9 li*5 10 16 18 32 9 56 IS gg 6U U2 6 US ill* 3p Bb US Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bireau of Labor Statistics Table 7.— METALWORKING INDUSTRIES l/ - Continued Occupation and sex Machinery Number of workers Average hourly earnings 2/ % $ $ 0 .6 5 0 .7 0 0 .7 5 and under .70 .7 5 .SO $ $ o.go 0.B5 .8 5 .9 0 dumber oj workers receiving straig£it-t]me hourly earnings of 8 $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 1$ $ $ 1 0 .9 0 0 .9 5 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 5 1 . 1 0 1 . 1 5 1 . 2 0 1 . 2 5 1 . 3 0 1 . 3 5 i.>to 1 .U5 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1.80 1.90 2 .0 0 .9 5 1 .0 0 I.0 5 1 .1 0 1 .1 5 1 .2 0 1 .2 5 1 .U0 1 .U5 1.50 1 .3 0 1 .5 5 16 70 205 - 6g 2 39 61 12 *3 Hi 52 9 g 3 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 l.go 1.90 2.00 2.10 $ 2.10 and over 3/ Men Assemblers, class A ...................................... Assemblers, class B .......................... ............. Drill-press operators, single- and multiple-spindle, class B .... Drill-press operators, single- and multiple-spindle, class C . . . . Engine-lathe operators, class A ............................ Engine-lathe operators, class B ............. .......... ..... Grinding-machine operators, class A .................... .... Grinding^-machine operators, class B ................... ..... Inspectors, class A ........... ......................... Inspectors, class B ........................... ..... . Milling-machine operators, class A .......... ............... Milling-machine operators, class B ........................... Tool and die makers (jobbing shops) ... ..................... Tool and die makers (other than jobbing shOps) ............... Welders, hand, class A ............... .................. . ...... Welders, hand, class B ....................... . 290 $1.^7 *tS6 98 59 151 1 .3 8 1 .2 9 H 5 i.6u 16 - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 21 3 23 % 2^ IS 65 58 12U 72 157 19 2 - 10 31 w 12 2 236 ?? 7 1 .7 1 1 .3 2 i.6 3 - - - - - - - - ** lH - - 3 6 1.38 1.6l l.Vl 1.77 1.7^ 3 7 H 2 9 — — 2 19 13 6 16 16 ^9 21 12 7 30 3 1 .6 3 l.Ho Ho 2 — H 2 — 7 .* 3 97 17 75 59 2 bS 6 3 - - - H - - — - g 2 - 2 - 31 9 10 29 6 3 7 2 2 -* — u - - 10 — 11 — 10 2 — — - — — — 7 H 20 H — 13 lg g H 23 — 7 19 H 6g H5 11 39 - lH Ho — — — 6 - — 2 — - — 19 lg — 32 g - — — 3s jJ The study covered establishments in Erie and Niagara Counties with more than 20 workers in the metal furniture industry (Industry Groups 25 lH and 2522 ); fabricated metal products, except selected fabricated structural metal products (Group 3H except industries jHHl, 3HH2, and 3HH3); machinery, except electrical (Group 35) (machine-tool accessory establishments with more than 7 workers were included in this group); and electrical machinery, equipment and supplies (Group 36) as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (I9H5 edition) prepared by the Bureau of the Budget. Of the estimated 1^7 establishments and 26,100 workers in these industries, Hi establishments with 15*7^2 workers were actually studied. 2/ Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work. Except electrical machinery. 17 Table g.— FERROUS FOUNDRIES l/ Occupation Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of Average Number li.io $ 1.15 $1.20 $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 11755" $5755 11750 11755" $1*70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 w r p $2.40 12750" $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 hourly of and earnings workers under hi 1.15 1.20 1.25 1 .J0 i-35 1.50 1.55 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 Zj 31+g Chippers and grinders, t o t a l .... ................................... Time ....................... ......... ...... ................... Incentive •••••••••••••••*.•............ ....................... Co remakers, hand, total • • • » » • ......................... ........ .... Time ................. ................... ...................................... 132 133 - Eg 11 - 1.41 - 1.65 1.64 1»93 1.7? 1.44 2 6 - _ M* - - t*. M. - - 2 6 2 4 5 23 11 4 11 4 6 32 30 — 6 2 M. 4 7 6 2 15 2 2 19 4 4 - - 5 10 10 8 — » — — 23 16 5 10 2 10 11 8 10 5 2 11 44 24 28 4 14 4 14 18 5 13 18 16 41 12 6 - 24 5 12 12 - — 12 *7 24 — 13 18 18 Ml - - 21 8 134 128 Mi 2.02 S3 I57 70 184 42 94 2 2 - I.70 70 Molders, floor ......................................................... ... ................................................................................................................. Molders, hand, bench ........................... ....................................... Molders, machine *................. .................................... Patternmakers, w o o d ....... ......................................... Shake-out men .................. ................................. ........ 6 6 $1.46 I .33 1.69 216 6 16 2 2 4 12 4 9 12 6 4 m» m. «. - •• 4 _ 10 8 2 k — - _ 4 8 6 — 7 14 2 2 26 2 4 4 ** *• 2 8 Mi 2 2 _ 6 9 — »< 12 2 2 6 «. M - - - - — — — - *• - - 4 M 2 6 6 M. M. m. 2 9 7 — - l/ The study covered iron and steel foundries in Erie and Niagara Counties with more than 20 workers. 2j Data limited to men workers. Of the estimated 27 establishments and 3,600 workers in this industry, 9 establishments with 1,582 workers Excludes premium pay for overtime and night woik. were actually studied* Table 9.— NONFERROUS FOUNDRIES 1/ hi $1.36 1 .5b 3? 36 Molders, floor ................. ......................... Molders, hand, bench ....................................... Molders, machine ............ ............................... l/ M. — - 1.63 1.59 1.63 1.23 14 20 19 12 All $1.10 and under 1.15 2 $1.15 $ 1.20 1.20 1-25 1 Number of woi:kers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of $1.50 $1.50 $1.60 $1.35 $1725 $1.55 1-3° 15 — 5 $ 1.70 $1.80 ^1795 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 19 9 4 — — 3 — - 1 • 0 Occupation 2/ Average hourly earnings 1 — — - — — - 1 1 . Ol Number of workers 1.50 2 P — — — 5 — 6 4 3 1.55 1 2 1.50 11 4 l 3 7 2 — — 1 l.bO 6 1 3 I — «_ 11 1 — — $2.16 $2.20 1 — 2/ Data limited to men workers* The study covered nonferrous foundries in Erie and Niagara Counties with more than 20 workers. 6 establishments, employing 557 workers, estimated to be in this industry were studied. Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work. Table 10.— FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS l/ 48 20 ft 19 17 59 hi $1.25 and under $1.30 ^30 1»35 - 50 - 3 11755“ Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of $1.1+5 $ 1.50 $1755 $ 1.70 $1785 $1.90 $2.00 •* $1.41 1.67 1.42 1.77 1.50 1.55 22 9 I .50 1 .6 0 1.70 *5 11 2 2 2 1 1.56 1.35 1.76 l/ The study covered establishments in Erie and Niagara Counties with more than 20 workers in the fabricated structured metal products industries, other than sheet-metal work. Of the estimated 15 establishments and 1,380 workers in these industries, 9 establishments with 1,074 workers were actually studied. 887157 0 ii-35 5 12 2/ 2/ 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2 14 1 27 Data limited to men workers. Excludes premium pay for overtime and night work. •2.3O $2.30 and over 1 1 I II Crane operators, electric-bridge Fitters, structural, class A ••• Fitters, structural, class B «••< Lay-out men, class A .......... . Power-shear operators, class A Power-shear operators, class B .. Welders, hand, class A *.•••.*.•< Average hourly earnings - VJ1 1 Occupation 2/ Number of workers 2 Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Table 11.— DEPARTMENT AND CXJDTHING STORES 1/ AvArfiCTA Occupation and sex 2/ 1---Number Weekly Weekly Under 25.00 sched- Hourly of and workers uled earnings earnings * 25.00 under 2/ 2/ hours Numb►er of workers receiving strain'ht-time weeld j eamings of * » r $ * 1 1 * 1 $ $ $ 1---- T ---- 1 27.50 30.00 32.50 3 5 .0 0 37.50 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 6 7 .5 0 70.00 1— 1— 2 7 .5 0 3 0 .0 0 3 2 .0 0 35.00 3 7 .5 0 A.0 .0 0 42.50 45,00 47.50 JO.OO 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 9 7 2 .5 0 \ ' * ?5.00 8 0 .0 0 * 85.00 85.00 62 .5 0 65.00 67.. 5Q. 7 0 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 50.00 and over Department and Clothing Stores l/ Hen Sales clerks: .».***,.+**»»**-****** 101 75 30 57 0000c 46 Men's Men's furnishing3 Women'a shoes $2 .0 8 2.10 1 .4 3 1 .4 0 *83.00 1 8 4 .0 0 5 7 .0 0 56.00 ■*•07 55 .5 0 4 3 m 1 2 2 3 «. 1 5 3 2 1 a. 2 2 2 3 4 1 5 4 2 _ 4 1 1 M 7 3 3 4 6 2 2 3 3 5 4 2 1 2 2 3 6 5 1 at 8 1 33 1 2 3 1 2 2 5 3 7 «. — 1 2 2 5 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 5 6 10 5 6 3 4 « mm — — <9 1 «* 1 2 1 — 1 16 •2 2 5 2 20 40 5 1 — Women Cashier-wrappers.... ........... ••••••»..»» Elevator operators, passenger •».... .••••••. Sales clerks: Men's furnishings Women1s shoes ••••*»•••*••*»•••••«•»«»•• Women's suits coats • • « • * • » • « * * • • • • • Tailors, alteration, men's garments « • • • • • • » . Tailors, alteration, women's garments ....... Department Stores 92 40.0 40.0 •71 28.50 27.00 108 63 136 114 42 89 30 40*0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 .9 1 .7 5 .7 8 .3 9 1 .0 9 .9 3 .7 9 36.50 30.00 31.00 35.50 43.50 40.50 37.00 31.50 83.00 56.00 69 4 0 .5 .68 1.00 142 40*0 40.0 46 30 40*0 40.0 2 .0 8 1 .4 0 j.n a 40.0 • f? 1 2 ** 24 43 11 24 44 13 1 2 10 00 25 23 43 15 31 00 *7 17 23 4 13 4 15 10 J a on XU L 2 - — 1 33 2 2 ‘21 id xo 4 15 9 43 c 3 10 c 3 a 0 19 4 6 1 4 2 0 0 2 12 2 11 X 14 X 18 - 13 4 5 1 c ? 3 5 mm 1 mm ■> 2 «• — a,' mm 8 4 1 1 2 2 a. 4 «. a. 1 2 1 3 5 1 1 rnm 3 1 2 4 • « — mm 2 •a _ 2 3 1 1 a a. 1 a. 1 - • • ■» mm - mm - - mm — «• mm 1 20 1 ' U Men Sales clerks: Furniture Women's shoes a. 2 a. 1 2 2 3 a. 4 1 1 mm mm «» 6 2 • .. •a 5 2 W<awa Sale* olerkst Women's accessories Women's shoes Women's suits and coats * « • • • • • • • • • • • ... 03 124 98 42 69 1no -LUo See footnotes at end of *“ble, 4 0 .0 40.0 4 0 .5 inn n r .7 8 .9 0 1 .0 9 .9 6 .7 4 nn 31.00 36.00 «an 2 v *w 4 3 .5 0 3 9 .0 0 00 cn Z 7 .™ 10 Jx u 2 301i 0X 0 A 43 15 2 Ol JJt$ 27 13 4 9 oc 35 ?c 27 Ol 4 13 1i 3 ?c 8 17 4 6 7 f 1X 2 TO X X 2 16 2 TO XX 2 11 1 30 3 3 6 3 X O 2 2 1 5 em 2 2 1 3 1 2 a. e» a. mm «a aa mm 1 .. .. 1 mm mm a. •a • •• • i X Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 19 Table 11. — DEPARTMENT AND CLOTHING- STORES 1/ - Continued number of workers receiving sirai git-time weekly earnings of Average Occupation and sex 2/ Weekly Number Weekly Hourly sched of earnings earnings uled workers hours 2I 2/ 10.72 •80 1.14 •93 $29.00 »---Under 25.00 $ and under 25.00 * 1— 1— * 1— 1 — f— * $ * 1— 1 f— 1— $ 1 — 1— $ 3O.OO 32.50 35.00 37.50 4 0 .00 42.50 4 5 .0 0 47.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 85.00 27.50 1— 1 i 21*50 30.00 32.5° 35.OO 37-5° 40.00 42.50 45.00 47.50 50.00 5 2.50 55-00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 85.00 and over Clothing Stores 4/ Women Sales clerks* Women's accessories ................... Women's dresses ........................ Tailors, alteration, women's garments ...... l/ 12 16 20 uo .5 41.0 34 41.0 40.0 6 33.00 45.50 38.00 4 - k k 2 2 2 6 8 - - 2 6 2 2 - — k 2 2 - - - 2 8 — k 2 k 2 - The study covered department stores,men's and boys' clothing stores, women's ready-to-wear stores, and family clothing stores in Erie County, employing more than 20 workers. - — Of the estimated - - •• - 26 establishments and 8,3lo workers in these industries, l6 establishments with 6,779 workers were actually studied. Excludes sales clerks in basement departments which duplicate at lower price lines the merchandise carried in upstairs departments. Excludes pay for Overtime. Selected occupations. Table 12.— OFFICE BUILDING SERVICE 1/ Occupation and sex Number of workers Average hourly earnings 2/ $ 0.55 and under •60 i 0.60 0.65 * O .70 0.75 $ 0.80 .7° •75 .80 .85 * . .65 * iHUmber of workers receiviiig straight-iime hourly earninSB Of • * 1 1 £ $ 1 11 $ $ j 0.85 O .90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 .90 •95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 6 - 2 4 7 - 2 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 $ 1.40 1.45 1.50 $ * 1.60 * 1.70 $ 1.80 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 - - - - 2 - — — — — * 1.40 i 1.45 $ Men .vfttor nnsi*&.tnTs .............. ..... ___________ __ Engineers, stationary ................................ . Firemen, stationary boiler ................................. .. Janitors «.......... ................... ........ . Watch m e n.................. ...i............................ . O’f kk 27 50 29 #>•75 1-43 1.03 -95 1-02 h ms 2 1 •» - DK 13 h *T 3 1 l 4 7 4 1 - 8 3 3 5 - 12 - 1 5 1 - ~ 42 5 3 22 55 17 171 17 157 2 3 2 12 5 1 - 5 4 2 7 3 l 12 - 1 4 - - •* — _ _ - — — 2 4 2 12 •* Women Cleaners .................. .................................... . Elevator operators, passenger •.................... . 439 80 •87 .84 •» — *• l / The study covered office buildings in Erie County employing more than 20 workers. Of the estimated 24 establishments and 85O workers in this industry, 15 establishments with 574 workers were actually studied. Although these data are based upon a June 1949 survey, a follow-up check was made and average earnings were adjusted to January 195® the basis of general wage changes. 2/ Excludes premium pay for overtime and nig^t work. 3 2 — 5 — 1 - - — U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 20 Table I 3**— HOTELS Average Number hourly of workers earnings Occupation and sex #>•50 $0 . 1+5 $6*55 $0.60 *0 .6 5 .65 .70 2 2 - 2 1 2 2 3 12 l - 2 — 2 •* — ** and under 2/ *50 .55 32 $0.83 13 •» - 3 •99 lj Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of $1*66 $1.05 $1.10 $3.75 $0^0 $0.85 $0.9? $0.70 .80 .75. *85 .90 .95 1.00 6 — — 4 — 2 — a* ,— 2 — — *1.15 $1.20 $1.25 1.30 1.10 1*15 1.20 1.25 8 - 3 — - - - *• - •• *• - - 1.05 h"'*r ! T o 5 1.35 1.U0 - - Men Clerks, d e s k ................. .............. Clerks, r o o m ..... ....................*....... Elevator operators, passenger .................... Housemen .......................................... .61 & .69 13 32 25I .74 .66 9 l 3 — 6 7 16 12 5 30 - 2 1 33 27 2 * 2 2 — 1 — Women Clerks, d e s k ...... ......................... Elevator operators, passenger •••..... . Maids, chamber ••••••........ *.................... "u Zj 3 .63 - A 68 The study covered yeax*-round, ho t e l s I n Erie C o m i t y w i t h m o r e t h a n 20 workers* Excludes p r e m i u m p a y f o r overtime a n d night work* 5 97 m *• — — *• O f the e s t i m a t e d 17 e s tablishments a n d 1,910 w o r k e r s i n this industry, 9 establishments w i t h 1,592* w o r k e r s w e r e a c t u a l l y studied. Table 14.— P O W E R LAUN D R I E S l/ Occupation and sex Number of workers Average hourly earnings 47 $0*95 1.05 $0 .6 0 $0 .b5 .60 .65 .70 — — — 36 1.08 - — - 68 •73 •73 .72 •75 *78 •79 •72 .84 .87 •73 12 12 $0.55 $0.70 $0.75 -75 Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of- .2/ _ $0.90 $6.95 $1.00 $1.05 $1.10 $1.15 $1.20 $1.25 .90 .55 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1-30 - 10 — — 4 8 2 3 3 5 8 8 12 - - - $0.86 $0.85 •80 .85 4 7 - - — 21 60 — 60 2 12 12 — 16 26 25 83 54 29 lb 8 6 2 4 l 23 13 — m5 26 21 2 and under 1.35 Men Extractor operators •*.••«•.......... ............... Firemen, stationary boiler ............................ Washers, machine ...................................... Women Clerks, retail receiving ........................ .. Finishers, flatwork, machine, total ................... Time .................................. *................ Incentive ..................................... . Identifiers ................................................................... Markers, total ••••••..... *........................... Time ........ .................................... Pressers, machine, shirts •«••••••••••••.•••••••••*•••. Wrappers, bundle .................... ............. . 1j Zj lb 169 7b 93 42 70 3° 40 188 66 - 4 - 7 «* 8 8 2 9 1 8 2 10 — — •* •* — «* — 6 4 4 •» 12 *• — 3 23 The study covered p o w e r laundries in Erie and N i a g a r a Counties w i t h m o r e tha n 20 workers* O f the e s t i m a t e d Excludes pre m i u m p a y for overtime a n d night work* 2 - - 3 — 10 5 10 5 •• 28 19 — — — 1 — 1 3? — — — 4 4 Ml 4 25 3 18 2 4 — — - — — — 3 ** 2 3 — — 1 •* — — — — — — - — — establis h m e n t s a n d 1,920 wor k e r s in this industry, 12 establishments w i t h - 4 3 - — 1,269 3 4 - — — — — — — — — — — - — a. — — — - — — — 2 — - - — 2 2 2 2 10 — — — 1 1 — — — - wor k e r s w e r e a c t u a l l y studied* T a b l e 1 5 ---A U T O M O B I L E R E P A I R SHOPS 1/ Occupation Zj Number of wor k e r s Average hourly earnings 3/ Greasers .......... ............ ............ ••••• .......... Mechanics, automotive, class A, total .......... T i m e .............. ................ ........... .............................. Incentive ........... ........................... ..................... . Mechanics, automotive, class B Washers, automobile, total T i m e ............. ........................................ . 248 79 355 .85 $ 1.63 I .25 223 I 32 151 51 37 14 industries, 14 establishments w i t h 385 w o r kers were a c t u a l l y studied* Zj D a t a limited to m e n workers* 3/ Excludes p r e m i u m p a y for overtime and night work. $0.80 and under - 1.18 Mi 1.12 8 6 2 1.09 .90 $ 0.90 - - $0.95 - •95 — 1.50 I .38 1.^0 1.20 $0785 - 1.00 _ - - M. «• mm 7 6 1 1 $ 1.00 $1705 - - 1.05 17 27 - 1 15 Ml 27 22 — 8 9 1 1 1 8 - 1.10 Num1 ber of w o r k e r s receiv:Lng straight-time h o u r l y earuings o f $1.40 $ 1.10 $ 1 7 1 5 $ 1.20 $1.45 $ 1750- $1.60 * 1.25 $ 1730- W 3 5 i 1.15 1.60 1.20 i.jo 1.1(0 1.50 1.70 1.25 1.45 1-35 mm H. 9 - 9 mm 8 19 7 mm 9 18 19 18 1 23 mm mm - 6 16 9 8 1 22 l6 lb mm 44 44 13 15 9 39 38 45 ^1 7 51 5 $ 1 7 7 0 - $1.80 I .90 1.80 35 53 57 24 24 39 9 16 22 2 15 9 16 Q 30 14 7 «, 7 - 9m - $ 2.00 - 2.00 2.10 7 6 25 mm 6 6 6 $2710 and ove r 14 •» 14 mm 25 14 mm mm mm - 7 30 $ 1.90 - » . mm mm _ - - - - - Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, New York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 21 Table l6.— OTION VAGE SCALES (Minimum wage rates agreed upon through collective bargaining between employers and trade unions) Classification Bate per hour ±1 Bakeries Semi-machine shops: Fo'remen ...»............. ....... ........ Oven hands and mixers ......... ......... Bench hands ............................. Helpers and pan greasers .......... . Hand w r a ppers .......... ................ Machine shops 2/: Bread department: Working foremen ••••••••••••.... . Mixers .......................... ..... Overmen ............................... Assemblymen ............... ........... Dividermen; bench hands Machine and moldermen.... . Mixers1 helpers •••••.*.... . Assembly helpers, oven feeders and d u m p e r s ........ . Bench helpers, wrapping-machine operators.... ...................... Packers, wrapping- and slicing-machine helpers, coolezmen, flour handlers ... Pan greasers, machine hand helpers ..... Cake department: j 0remen ■ • Mixers ............................ . Ingredient scalers •••••••»•.... ....... Poreladies........ .................. . Machine helpers .................... .. . Pan greasers ........................... General helpers . Icing-machine operators (women) ........ leers, packers, wrappers (women) •••••». Crackers and cookies 2jx Mixing department: Head mixers .................... . • Flour dumpers, mixers1 h e l pers .... .. Baking department: Machine captains ••••••••..•».... .... Oven firemen, bakers (traveling and reel oven) •••••••••.............. . Cuttermen ...........••»»•.•••...... . Floonnen (class A), sponge rollermen, mixers' helpers Hollermen ........................... Floormen (class B), pan feeders and greasers, inspectors • •••........ • • Forming-machine operators......... .. $1.50 1 . 1*5 1*395 l.l*+ •95 Hours per week 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1.3I* 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1.315 1*0 1.30 1*0 1.275 1.25 1*0 1*0 1*6025 1.1+9 1.1*65 1.1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1.295 1.28 1.27 1*0 1.6025 1 . 1*9 1.1*65 1.1*1* 1.1*2 1-39 1.25 1.115 1.08 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1-33 1*0 1*0 1*0 1.1*3 1*0 1.36 1.31+ 1*0 1*0 1*33 1*0 1*0 1.515 1.1*3 1.27 1.21 1.09 1*0 1+0 1/ Bates in effect January 3 , 1950. 2/ Lata are presented for a selected union agreement covering a substantial portion of unionised workers in this segment of the industry* Classification Bate per hour 1 / ... Bakeries •• Continued Machine shops - Continued Crackers and cookies - Continued Icing department: Head mixers ................ . Machine captains »••»...••..... . Machine set-up men, machinemen ••••• Machine operators (women) •••»•.... leers (women), helpers (women) •••.. Building construction Bricklayers .......................... . Carpenters ............................ . Electricians •••».•••....... ........ . Painters ••••••».................... . Plasterers, plumbers •.................... Building laborers.... ........... ....... Local transit operating employees Busses: First 3 months «••»•........... •••••• 1* - 12 months .................. ••••• After 1 year ................. ...... Motortruck drivers and helpers Beer: Keg: Drivers, brewery ..................... Helpers, brewery ..................... Drivers, distributor........... . Bottle: Drivers, h e l p e r s ....... ............. Building: Construction: Drivers, carry-all trucks, winch trucks, concrete-mixer trucks ...... Drivers, dump trucks ................ . Drivers, general contractor..... ••••• Material: Drivers •••••••...................... . Helpers ..................... Lumber: Drivers ............................ . Coal: Drivers ...........••••........... ..... Frei^it: Drivers, local delivery........ ........ Drivers, peddle run •••••••............. Ice: Drivers, helpers •••••.................. ♦ 1.515 1.U3 1-33 1.09 1.07 2.50 2.29 2.58 2.125 2.U0 1 . 55. Hours per week 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 1*0 I.36 1*39 «* l.Ul 1.575 1-^75 1*0 1*0 1+0 1 . 1*75 1*0 1.65 1 . 1*5 1*0 1.60 1+9 1-55 1*0 1.1*25 1*0 1.275 1*0 1.50 1*0 1.25 1*0 1.38 I.U15 1+5 1+5 I.30 1*0 Classification Motortruck drivers and helpers - Continued Linen supply: Dri v e r s.... ................. .......... Liquor: Drivers ...... ....................... . newspapers: Drivers ................... . Bailway express: Drivers ................................. Printing Book and job shops: Bindery women Bookbinders ............................. Compositors, hand .............. ........ Electrotypers .••••••••••.... .......... Machine operators ........ .............. Machine tenders (machinists) .......... . Photoengravers ...................... Press assistants and feeders: Job cylinder press assistants ......... 2-color press assistants ............. . Pressmen, cylinder: Job cylinder presses ........... . 2-color p r e s s e s .......... ......... . newspapers: Compositors, hand: Day work .............................. night work ......................... . Machine operators: Day w o r k ....... •••••................. • Bight work »••••........... ............ Machine tenders (machinists): Day work ............ ................. H:\git w o r k ............................ Mailers: Day work ................ ............. Night work ......... ...... ........... Pho toengravers: Day work ••••••......... ............... Night w o r k ...... ..................... Pressmen, web presses: Day work Agreement A ......................... Agreement B ......................... Night work Agreement A ......................... Agreement B .................... . Stereotypers: Day work .............................. Nigit work ...................... laie per hour 1/ Hours per week *1*225 1*0 1.1*5 1-35 1+5 1+5 1-595 1*0 1.5375 1*1* 1.075 1.995 2.359 2.402 2.1*67 37* 37* 37* 37* 37* 37* 37* 1.87 1.96 37* 37* 2.306 2.20 2.227 2.1*1 2.1*6 2.57 37* 37* 37* 37* 2.66 2.55 37* 37* 2.55 2.66 37* 37* 1.90 1*0 37* 2.133 2.781* 2.917 2.372 37* 37* 2.223 # 2.1*78 2.1*78 37i 37i 2.372 2.1*79 37* 37f Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, Hew York, January 1950 TJ. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 22 Table 17.— SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL PROVISIONS IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Percent of plant workers employed on each shift* Ferrous Paper and Industrial Grain-mill Metalworking Machinery foundries paperboard chemicals products hi hi mills 2/ 1/ _______3/______ ______ 2Z_____ 3rd or 3rd or 3rd or 3rd or 3rd or 3rd or 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd other other other other other other shift shift shift shift shift shift shift shift shift shift shift shift Shift differential 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 LOO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 _ 100.0 — — - 81.3 69.9 56.4 13.5 79.6 69.6 99.0 65.6 95.6 33.6 100.0 7.7 — 100.0 100.0 15.7 100.0 100.0 1577 17.7 .4 57.6 .3 6.3 51.0 4.2 4.4 2.9 4.8 87.5 — 87.5 4.8 - 97.0 79.2 — 15.3 62.5 1.4 17.8 1.0 — 16.8 3.0 100.0 39.1 18.3 1.0 100.0 81.1 — • 59.7 3.2 18.2 6.2 — 6.2 12.7 - 14.5 21.0 9.7 1.7 8.5 .7 Establishments operating extra shifts Establishments paying shift differentials.... .......... «•••• Uniform cents (per hour) ••••••••• Under 5 c e n t s ..... . 5 cents •••••••••..... . Over 5 and under 10 cents ••••• 10 cents ................... . Over 10 cents ••••••.......... Uniform percentage •••••••••.... . Under 5 percent .............. 5 percent ................ .. 10 percent •••••••••••....... . Full dayfs pay for reduced hours . Other •••••••••••••••••••........ Establishments with no differential • 100.0 — — — - Percent of workers on extra shifts^ all establishments ......... . 1/ Definition of industry appears 2j Definition of industry appears 3/ Definition of industry appears 4/ Definition of industry appears 2/ Definition of industry appears 20.3 in in in in in _ 10.5 59.1 •• - _ — 11.4 18.7 — 10.0 20.4 17.7 22.0 17.2 - footnote footnote footnote footnote footnote to to to to to table table table table table 42.7 4.6 18.3 15.1 — 15.1 - - - 39.1 60.9 - mm 6O .9 - 64.6 4.0 15.7 — • 7.6 — 21.4 25.0 53.6 — ■— - 1.7 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Table 19.— SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS 1/ Weekly hours All establishments...... . Under 35 hours... ....... 35 hours ••••... •....... . Over 35 and under 37i hours . 37j hours......••....•••• Over 37g and under 40 hours . 40 hours Over 40 and under 44 hours •• 44 hours Over 44 and under 48 hours •• 48 hours..... .......... Over 48 hours ...••••...... l/ 2/ 2/ Percent of women office workers employed in Percent of plant 2/ workers employed in Transporta Transporta Finance, All Manu Whole All Manu Whole tion, commu Serv tion commu Retail Retail insurance, Serv nication, and indus fac sale indus fac sale nication, and real ices tries turing trade trade ether public ices tries turing trade trade and estate other public utilities utilities 100.0 0.6 2.7 5.2 18.4 9.9 55.5 5.1 1.8 .7 .1 100.0 LOO.O 100.0 1.0 — 1.5 2.7 2.3 44.2 1.5 10.4 7.5 74.9 44.2 4.0 1.8 4.0 - 0.9 78 _ 12.5 63.5 20.3 .3 1.4 .3 100.0 10.2 20.6 1 3 .2 13.4 42.3 — .3 — Data limited to Erie County. Other than office workers. Includes data for industries other than those shown separately< 100.0 1.9 7676 2.8 16.2 2.2 _ .3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 _ 2.0 2.7 1.9 _ .3 .3 .3 .7 .5 _ 1.8 1.3 10.1 1.3 56.7 77.8 8 6 .9 7 0 .2 1.7 14.7 .3 1.1 .8 3.6 .4 8.0 12.7 5.5 4.7 11.1 M 1.8 5.2 4.3 .6 4.4 4.3 100.0 100.0 _ — 11.3 53.7 11.3 2.1 9.7 8.4 3.5 1.2 59.2 — 2.9 6.5 30.2 100.0 1.6 — 5.6 l7o 43.7 3.7 1.2 9.2 24.0 9.8 Occupational Wage Survey, Buffalo, N ew York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Table IB .— MINIMUM ENTRANCE RaTES FOR PLANT WORKERS \J Percent of plant 2/ -workers in establishments with Minimum rate (in cents) All establishments rransporManufacturing tation, All communi Establish Establish Whole Serv ietail indus cation, ments with ments with sale ices trade tries m d other 2 1 - 2 5 0 251 or mere trade 2/ pubnc workers workers itinties 100.0 50 or under •••••.... . Over 50 and under 55 ••• 55 .................... Over 55 and under 60 ... 60 .................... Over 60 and under 65 ... 6 5 ........ ........... Over 65 and under 70 ... 7 0 .................... Over 70 and under 75 ... 75 .................... Over 75 and under 80 ... 8 0 .................... Over 80 and under 85 ... 85 .................... Over 85 and under 90 ... 9 0 .... ............... Over 90 and under 95 ••• 9 5 ............ ....... Over 95 and under 100 .. 100 ................... Over 100 and under 105 • 105 ................... Over 105 and under 110 . 110 ................... Over n o and under n 5 • 115 ................... Over 115 and under 120 . 120 ................... Over 120 and under 125 • 125 ................... Over 125 and under 130 . 1 3 0 ................... Over 130 and under 135 • 135 and over ••••*••.••• 1.3 2.8 .2 2.3 2.6 3.5 1.6 .2 1.6 3.7 7.2 .5 1.3 1.0 2.5 2.5 1.4 4.71.7 1.7 2.9 5.6 .9 4.2 .6 7.0 (V) 6.9 .1 12.8 .1 2.7 2.3 6.3 1.6 Estabnshments with no estabnshed minimum •• Information not available .5 1.2 100.0 100.0 9.6 3.7 1.6 .9 1.9 .6 6.9 .7 3.2 1.7 5.4 9.1 17.1 .7 1.5 2.8 3.7 1.4 6.7 .1 5.2 1.2 1.1 6.0 3.0 n .3 .2 5.2 .7 3.4 .2 .5 - 10.3 3.5 .8 4.0 8.2 11.1 20.6 4.1 4.3 11.8 1.6 .4 — 2.0 - - 100.0 - ' 0.9 2.7 34.1 5.3 4.3 6.9 5.S 12.4 2.6 6.1 - 100.0 1.9 19.0 1.4 17.6 2.1 30.9 1.6 7.5 3.9 5.4 .3 .5 1.4 2.1 - 1.0 .5 .5 - 100.0 1.6 A 3.7 - 10.9 17.1 24.2 1.3 5.9 8.0 - 1.6 7.9 1.2 12.9 3.7 100.0 23.4 14.9 6.1 10.7 2.6 8.6 6.8 15.0 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.0 .7 - - - - - - - - 3.5 6.4 - 3.5 2.4 “ - “ - 3.5 1/ Lowest rates formally established for hiring either men or women plant wetter^ other than watchmen* Data limited to Erie County* 2/ Other than office workers* 3 a Excludes data for finance, insurance, and real estate. 2/ Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Table 20.— PAID VACATIONS (FORMAL PROVISIONS) l/ Vacation policy All establishments ......................... .......................... Percent of office workers employed Finance, Manu All Wholesale insurance, Retail industries facturing trade trade and real estate 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.9 6.3 29. 8 2.9 33-9 7.8 3-9 22.6 3.5 71.0 6.7 ^ 9.7 1 1 .U 35.8 lU.6 19-*+ 1.8 6U.2 in Transportation, communication, and other pub lic utilities Percent of plant £/ workers employed in Services All Manu Wholesale industries facturing trade 3/ Retail trade Transportation, communi cat ion,' Services and other pub lic utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 23.2 18.3 31.9 U.8 27.1 68.1 35.U 13.2 52.2 11.u U.O 8.5 - 25.0 23.2 7.5 - U 7 .8 1.0 88.2 - 100.0 2.6 k9.9 U.g 33.5 11.8 56.0 2U .1 15 .1 88.2 - 100.0 - l'9.9 22.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.6 S6.0 5.U U 6.9 - 61.2 15.7 32.6 - 37.7 6 months of service Establishments with paid v a c a t i o n s ................................. Under 1 week ................ ................... ................. 1 week ............................................................ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ................. ....................... 2 w e e k s .......................................................... . Over 2 w e e k s .................................. ................... Establishments with no paid v a c a t i o n s .................... ........ . .8 - 3.2 Ug.l 70.2 29.0 99.6 - 99.U - 100.0 23.3 5-3 70.5 .5 .U 31.3 .2 67.9 .6 17.7 99.7 15 .U l.Jt 79-^ 3-5 •3 99.7 - 100.0 99.7 3-3 .2 99.7 2.0 .2 97.0 .3 •3 16.0 17.^ lU.O 38.5 7.7 s.u - U.o .1 - 53.1 76.8 13-3 2.U 2.6 81.7 96.2 96.2 .7 79.3 .3 22.2 6b. 6 91.5 1 year of service Establishments with paid vacations ............. ................. . Under 1 week ...................................................... 1 week ............................................................ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..... ............. ..................... 2 weeks .......................................................... . Over 2 weeks ...................................................... Establishments with no paid vacations ............................... - 6.7 75.6 - 100.0 Ug.U 29.0 16.7 5.9 - 100.0 .2 99.8 - 99. U 10.1 98.2 - 15.7 73.6 - 62.0 .6 1.8 100.0 99.8 - 98.2 2 8.8 69.H 1.8 98.2 .2 66.U 98.2 9.U 88.8 1.8 99-1 6.2 1.7 85.5 5.7 36.2 11.7 .2 3-8 88.9 1.7 5.3 - 3.8 2.2 - 96.9 1.3 U 5.0 U.O U6.6 3.1 89.3 78.6 10.7 10.7 2 years of service Establishments with paid v a c a t i o n s ................................ . Under 1 w e e k ............. ........................................ 1 w e e k ............................................................ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ......................................... 2 weeks ........................................................... Over 2 weeks ...................................................... Establishments with no paid vacations ................ .............. 23.2 l.l 75-U .3 11.u 6.7 Si. 9 — 100.0 12.0 t .3 ^5.2 U2.5 — - 100.0 - 9.8 .3 89.7 .2 3-^ 2U .6 3-6 1,8 98.9 .3 77.0 U.U 17.2 l.l U.8 33.5 n.g - UU .7 33.0 — 97.8 ^.3 1-3 52.2 2.2 89.3 70.9 18.U - 10.7 5 years of service Establishments with paid vacations ................................. 1 week ............................................................ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ................... ..................... 2 weeks ........................................................... Over 2 weeks ...................................................... Establishments with no paid v a c a t i o n s ............................. . 1/ 2/ tJ D a t a limited to Brie County. Other than office workers. Includes dat a for Industries other than those shown separately, 85-3 10.9 •3 100.0 9.8 - 90.2 - 100.0 9.2 1.1 U0.3 U 9.U 100.0 99.8 - 1.3 - 60.7 98.5 .2 39.3 .9 100.0 3.7 2.1 92.3 1.9 92.7 16.6 - 76.1 - 100.0 11.2 1.9 U 7.2 39.7 7.3 Occupational Wage Survey, 97.8 9-7 88.1 2.2 89.7 17.3 - 72.0 - 10.7 Buffalo, H e w York, January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor B u r e a u of Labor Statistics Table 21*— P AID SICK LEAVE (FORMAL PROVISIOHS) 1/ Provisions for paid sick leave All establishments ..... ............. •••......... .................. *........... percent of office workers amployed in Finance, Transportati on, All Manu Wholesale Retail insurance, communication, Services industrade and real and other pub facturing trade tries estate lic utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 22 .5 1 .7 12.0 2.0 1.8 •7 5.0 .5 .5 5^.0 1 6 .9 8 .9 100.0 Percent of plant 2/ workers employed in All transportation, indus Manu Wholesale Retail communi cat i on, Services and other pub tries facturing trade trade lic utilities 3/ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.6 0.1+ .1+ 1 2 .7 20.5 36.2 I 3.U - - 1*5 1 .5 6 months of service Establishments with formal provisions for paid sick leave .................. *••• Under 5 days ............... *..................*..... ........... *........ . 5 days ............................... *............................. *........ 6 d a y s ...... *................ .......... ...... ............... ............. 7 days .............. *.................... .................................. 10 days .......................... .............. .............................. 12 days .... ......... . Establishments with no formal provisions for paid sick leave • ••........ . 8.1 5*6 2.U 1 .7 2.3 .7 77.5 1 .5 - 8.5 23-7 12.2 9.6 8.9 - 5 .2 •9 •3 58.1 1.^ - - ^•3 I+2.3 15.8 1*3 - - 1.6 1+.6 - - m 88.0 1+6.O 83.1 91.1 Hi. 9 56A 33*7 8.9 8.7 18.3 .1 3.6 .1 - 63.9 1+1.2 15.8 - 1.8 3-3 •9 -.1 .it .1 - 98.7 93A *•3 8.3 - 1+.8 •9 - - - 99*6 1+.3 •7 32.2 1+.0 mm - 5 .9 1.1+ l.l - - ~ - 87*3 79*5 63.8 9 8 .5 16.0 1+.8 33-5 38.1 25.0 3-3 3-3 ♦7 - 1 year of service Establishments with formal provisions for paid sick leave Under 5 days ................ ........................................... 5 days ........... *•*•*•••• ...... *..... *.................................... 6 days ................ ................. ......................... *•••••••••• 7 days .......... ............................. ...................... ......................................... 7i day ............................................... .................................................................. 10 days .•••••»•••»•••.................................................. ................. 12 days .............. ........ *................................... •.......... 15 days ............................... ......................... ........ •••*•• 20 days ................ ............... .......................... ........... . Over 20 days ............................. .................... . Establishments with no formal provisions for paid sick l e a v e ...........*.*••••• 27.9 .2 5 .8 .8 1.8 5 -1 3 .0 •7 1 .7 7 2 .1 2.6 1 .7 1 .9 •5 6.1+ - - 8 .5 6.1 30.9 - *•3 33-2 1.6 1+.6 - - - 6.2 -9 - •3 1.1 - I+.3 - 1-3 2.6 3.0 .1 1.0 .1 - .1 .1 1 .5 8 1 .7 2.1+ 1+3 .6 66.3 91.1 36.I 95-7 91.7 20.2 .1 1.8 2.6 56 . 1+ 33-7 8 .9 9O.3 *•3 9.0 *•3 1*3 5 .8 .1+ .1+ - 2.1+ 2.0 - - 3-5 3*3 1*1 - 23.0 •7 1.1+ •7 - 5 .9 - 7 .2 - M - 8 4 .0 66*5 6 1 .9 9 6 .7 1.1+ 16.0 - 33-5 7 .7 38.I .1+ — - 3*3 3 -3 - 23-3 5-9 9 9 .6 , 2 years of service Establishments with formal provisions for paid sick leave Under 5 days .............. ...........................................••••••• 5 d a y s ...... ........... *....................... ........... ....... ........ * 6 d a y s ............ . .......................................................... 7 days ........ .................. ....................... ................. . 10 days ...................*........... ...... ................ . 12 days .................................................................. . 13 days ........ ......................... ..................................... 15 days ........... .......... ..... ............. ........ ...... .......... . 20 d a y s .................... ......... .............. ....................... . Over 20 days *............... ............ ................... . Establishments with no formal provisions for paid sick leave ....... 1/ B a t a limited to Brie county* 2/ Other than office workers* 2/ Includes data for industries other than those shown separately. 32.2 .2 7 .** 5*8 .1 3.8 mm - - 6.1 •5 - •7 2*3 7 .<+ 1.5 67*8 8.5 50 3 -7 .8 - 1 .9 6.5 79*8 - 30.9 •9 •3 27.8 1.6 - - 11.6 2.1+ .1+3.6 66.3 - *•3 - 1+.6 - mm - 9 1.1 - 3 7 .7 1 5 .7 mm 1+.6 - 3 2 .3 9 .7 - 95.7 2.5 3.0 .1 1.1 .1 1+.8 - 23.O •7 1.1+ 8.9 •7 - - M 1.0 3 -5 mm .1 - 3-3 ** 98.6 - 2.1+ 2.0 •8 91.0 - 8I+.0 66.5 61.9 mm - mm mm - 96.7 Occupational Wa€© Surrey, Buffalo, Hew York. January 1950 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 25 Table 22.— PAID HOLIDAYS 1/ Number of paid holidays All establishments ............... ............... Establishments providing paid holidays ......... . I to 5 days ••••.••••••*•••......... ......... 6 days ......... ................. ........... . days ................. ...•*............. . 7 d a y s ....................................... 7j days ••••••••••••............... ••••••••••« 8 days ................................... ••••• Sg days ................. ................ 9 days ......... II days •••.•••••............. ............... 12 davs ................. Establishments providing no paid holidays •••••••• 1/ 2J 3/ 2/ Percent of office workers employed in Finance, Tran sportation, insurance, communication, Wholesale Manu Retail and other pub trade and real facturing trade estate lic utilities All industries Services All industries 2/ Percent of plant 2/ workers employed in Transportation, Wholesale Retail communication, Manu trade and other pub facturing trade lic utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 .4 58.3 99.9 .5 72.5 .8 20.1 2.6 3.4 100.0 .2 85.4 96.9 .5 82.3 100.0 99.2 97.5 85.2 .9 83.4 55.8 6874 86.0 1.6 72.1 12.1 74.2 7.1 63.1 2.k llTl 1.1 .8 4.6 89.9 .5 79.1 1.4 7.3 573 1 0 .1 7~3 ill 11.0 64.8 10.0 12^ 2.1 6.5 .2 2.4 14.9 1.7 .5 1.6 ti 7l 976 2 .0 6 3 .8 28.1 1.1 5.8 37.7 7 0 .6 1.0 7.2 .1 31^7 3:i 2675 •8 37l l76 & 275 375 2.7 3.5 .4 io7i 1676 i 79 147o 23.3 72 i7o 2 .8 137l , 4472 257s Data limited to Erie County. Other than office workers. Includes data for industries other than those shown separately. Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Table 23 .— NONPRODUCTION BONUSES 1/ All industries Type of bonus All establishments ..«•.... Percent of office workers employed in Finance, Transporta ti on, insurance, communication, Wholesale Retail Manu trade and real trade facturing and other pub lic utilities estate .................. 100.0 100.0 Establishments with nonproduction bonuses ij ..... Christmas or year-end ....... ............ .. Profit-sharing ............... Other .............................. . Establishments with no nonproduction bonuses ••••• Information not available •»•••••••••••••••••••.•• 32.9 30.4 7.0 1.7 65.5 1.6 17.4 14.9 2.3 .2 79.1 3.5 1/ 2/ 37 5/ Services : All ! industries ! 2/ Percent of plant 2/ workers employed in Transportation, communication, Wholesale Retail Manu and other pub trade trade facturing lic utilities Services 1 0 0 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.8 55.5 55.2 .3 6.9 '44.5 80.6 76.3 31.4 4,3 19.4 — 4.5 4.5 55.5 55.5 2 4 .8 5 0 .8 4 1 .1 6 .3 62.0 60.6 1.4 6.7 38.0 — 18.6 10.5 — 8.1 81.4 — 3 7 .0 3 1 .8 1.8 44.5 18.1 10.5 2.2 5.8 80.1 1.8 3 0 .2 5.3 2.4 65.2 — — — 95.5 17.9 1.9 73.9 1.3 6.4 3.3 49.2 — — 1 1 .5 6 3 .0 Data limited to Erie County. Other than office workers. Includes data for industries other than those shown separately. Unduplicated total. Table 24.— INSURANCE AND PENSION PLANS l/ Type of plan All establishments .••*•••*.«•« Establishments with insurance or pension plans kj Life insurance Health insurance ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• Retirement pens ion ............................ Other •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••»••••••••••• Establishments with no insurance or pension plans All industries 887157 0 - 50 - 4 Services All industries 2/ Percent <Df plant 2/ workers employed in Transportati on, Wholesale comraunicat ion, Manu Retail and other pub trade trade facturing lic utilities Services 100.0 100.0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 8 .5 7 6 .7 4 7 .0 5 4 .1 4 1 .8 88.7 76.3 65.2 42.4 53.1 11.-3 9 1 .6 57.9 99.5 95.7 68.5 40.8 87.4 28.6 4.3 6?.l 79.1 67.2 53.9 24.4 40.1 20.9 85.1 73.6 62.5 18.6 47.9 14.9 81.4 78.1 52.6 55.0 46.4 18.6 54.0 35.4 2 4 .2 81.0 67.2 39.1 30.8 10.9 46.0 26.2 19.0 48.5 44.2 33.7 5.2 21.8 51.5 n.5 Data limited to Erie County. Other than office workers. Includes.data for industries other than those shown separately. Unduplicated total. Percent of office workers <anployed in _ Finance, Transportation, Wholesale Retail Manu insurance, conmunication, trade trade and real facturing and other pub estate lic utilities 89.3 38.6 72.9 6 3 .8 8.4 3 2 .0 99.5 ; 21.1 27.7 9.8 42.1 24.3 72.0 26.5 .5 i 6 6 .3 26.7 1.8 12.9 30.9 6 2 .5 Occupational Wage Surrey, Buffalo, New York, January 1350 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistic* A p p e n d ix - JbeA&ufMoHl Office B I U 3SR, MACHUfB A worker who prepares statements, bills and inrolces on a Machine other than an ordinary typewriter. May aleo keep records as to hillings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to hilling operations. Should he designated as working on hilling machine or bookkeeping machine as described below. Billing Machine - A worker who uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Slliott Ush er, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and inrolces from customers1 purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc* Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals whleh are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually inrolres a large num ber of carbon copies of the hill being prepared and is often done on a fan-fold machine. Bookkeeping Machine - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Xlllott Fisher, Bonington Band, etc., which may or may not hare typewriter keyboard) to prepare cus tomers1 bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the dlmultaneous entry of figures on a customer's ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the deb it or credit balances. Does not Involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOTOggEgR, HA1CD A worker who keeps a set of books for recording business transactions and whose work Involves most of the following? posting and balancing subsidiary ledgers, cash books or Journals, Journalising transactions where Judgment is Involved as to accounts affected; post ing general ledger; and taking trial balances. May also prepare accounting statements and bills; may direot work of assistants or accounting clerks. BOQKKEgPIHG-MACHIHE OPERATOR A worker who operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Band, Xlllott Fisher, Sunds trand, Burroughs, national Cash Register) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter key board to keep a set of records of business transactions usually requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particu lar accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter keyhoard to keep a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records pertaining to business transactions usually requiring some knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sec tions include accounts payable, pay rolls, customers' accounts (not including simple type of billing described under Biller, Machine), cost distributions, expense distributions, inventory controls, etc. In addition nay oiieck o r assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. aff Occufj&tio*M> StuAi&t 27 Office - Continued CAICDLATHfO-MACHIlCE OPERATOR A worker whose primary function consists of operating a calculating Machine to per form mathematical ccsqmtationfl other than addition exclusively. Comptometer type Other than Comptometer type c u b e , accouhtiho A war leer who performs one or more accounting operations such as preparing simple journal vouchers; accounts payable vouchers; coding invoices or vouchers with proper account ing distributions; entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; post ing and balancing subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledger, e.g., accounts receivable, accounts payable, stock records, voucher journals. May assist in preparing journal entries. For workers whose duties Include handling the general ledger or a set of books see BookkMper, land. CLERK, FILE Class A - A worker who is responsible for maintaining an established filing system and classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and lo cating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B - A worker who performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, SBKERAL A worker who is typically required to perform a variety of office operations. This requirement may arise as a result of impracticability of specialization in a small office ®r because versatility is essential in meeting peak requirements in larger offices. The work generally involves the use of independent judgment in tending to a pattern of office work from day to day, as well as knowledge relating to phases of office work that occur only oc casionally. For example, the range of operations performed may entail all or seme combination of the following: answering correspondence, preparing bills and invoices, posting to various records, preparing pay rolls, filing, etc. May also operate various office machines and type as the work requires. (See Clerk-Typist). C g R K , QREKR A worker who receives customers1 orders for material or merchandise by mall, phone, or personally and whose duties involve any combination of the following; quoting prices to customers, making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order, cheeking prices and quantities of items on order sheet, distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May also cheek with credit department to determine credit rating of eustomer, ac knowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow-up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. 28 Office - Continued CUSRKt PAT BOLL A worker who computes wages of oompany employees and enters the necessary data on the pay-roll sheets and whose duties involve: calculating worker's earnings based on tine or production records j posting calculated data an pay-roll sheet, shewing Information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for Insurance and total wages due. In addition, nay sake cut pay checks and assist the paymaster In waking up and distributing the pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. CIZRK-TYPIST A worker who does clerical work requiring little special training but the performance of which requires the use of a typewriter for a major portion of the time and whose work in volves typing letters, reports, and other matter from rough draft or corrected copy and one or more of the following: keeping simple records; filing records and reports; making out bills; sorting and distributing incoming mall. DUPUCATIWG-MACHIKE OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwriting matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for Ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEY-HMCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records account ing and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using a numerical key-punch machine, following written information o n records. May be required to duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to ma chine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOX OSR GIRL A worker who performs a variety of routine duties such as running errands; operating minor office machines; such as sealers or mailers; opening and distributing mail; and other minor clerical work. (Bonded messengers are excluded from this classification.) SECRETARY A worker who performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an adminis trative or executive position and whose duties involve the following: making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on cwn initia tive; taking dictation, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine (except where transcribing machine is used), and transcribing dictation o r the recorded information repro duced on a transcribing machine. In addition, may prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. Office - Continued STOTOCBRAPHER, GKKERAL A worker whose primary function is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or hy stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, mad to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files In order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See Transorlblng-Maohlne Operator.) STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL A worker whose primary function Is to take dictation from one or more persons, either In shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, Involving a varied technical or spe cialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific . research and to tran scribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files In order, keep simple records, etc. Does not Include transcribing-machine work. (See Transcrlblng-Machlne Operator.) SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR A worker who operates a single or multiple position telephone switchboard, and whose duties Involve: handling incoming, outgoing and intrap Iant or office calls. In addition, may record toll calls and take messages. As a minor part of duties, may give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also do typing or other stenographic work or act as receptionists, see Switchboard Operator-Receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR -RECEPTIONIST A worker who in addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and/or performs typing or other routine cleri cal work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABUIATING-MACHIHE OPERATOR A worker who operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards, and prints translated data on forms or accounting re cords; sets or adjusts machine to add, subtract, multiply, and make other calculations; places cards to be tabulated In feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May sort and verify punched cards. TRA3ffSCRIBIIfG-MAC5IllE[OPERATOR, CflCTERAL A worker whose primary function is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcrib ing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a Stenographer, General. TYPIST A worker who uses a typewriter to make copies of bills after calculations have been made by another person. various material or to make out May operate a teletype machine. Office - Continued TYPIST - Continued Claes A - A worker who performs one or more of the following: typing material in final fora from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign language copy; combining material from several sources; or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing, typing tables from rough draft in final form* May also type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances* Class B - A worker who performs one or more of the following: typing from rela tively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of farms, insurance policies, etc*; setting up simple standard tabulations,or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly* Maintenance OARFEHTlfr, MATWrEKANCE A worker who performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, dooa?s, floors, stairs, casings, trim made of wood in an establishment, and whose work involves most of the following: planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenters* hand tools, portable power tools, and standard measuring Instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work* giacraiciAir, mahwctance A worker who performs a variety of electrical trade functions in the installation, maintenance or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, and/or utilization of electric energy in an establishment, and whose work involves most of the following: instal ling or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout or other specifications; lo cating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computa tions relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electricians' hand tools and measuring and testing instruments* xmimm, stationary A worker who operates and maintains and/or supervises the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply power, heat, refrigeration or airconditioning and whose work involves: operating and maintaining and/or supervising the opera tion of such equipment as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ven tilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making or supervising equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption* This classification does not include head or chief engineers in estab lishments employing more than one engineer* 29 Maintenance - Continued FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER A worker who fires stationary hollers used In a factory, power plant, or other es tablishment to f a m i s h heat, to generate power, or to supply steam for Industrial processes, and whose work involves feeding fuel to fire by hand or operating a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checking water and safety waives. In addition, may clean, oil, or assist In repairing holler room equipment, HELPER, ‘TRADES, MAINTENANCE A worker who assists another worker In one of the skilled maintenance trades, hy per forming specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping aworker supplied with ma terials and tools; cleaning working area, machine and equipment; assisting worker hy holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed hy journeyman. In seme trades the term helper Is synonymous with apprentice, since the helper is expected to learn the trade of the worker he assists. The kind of work the helper Is permitted to perform also varies from trade to trade: in seme trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to per form specialised machine operations, cr parts of a trade that are also performed hy workers on a full-time basis, MACHINIST, MAmTEHAHCE A worker who produces replacement parts and new parts for mechanical equipment oper ated in an establishment, and whose work involves most of the following: interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and layout of work; using a variety of machinists hand tools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to di mensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts. In general, the machinists work normally requires a round ed training In machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience, MAINTENANCE MAN, GENERAL OTILITY A worker who keeps the machines, mechanical equipment and/or structure of an estab lishment (usually a small plant where specialization In maintenance work is Impractical) in repair; whose duties Involve the performance of operations and the use of tools and equipment of several trades, rather than specialization in one trade o r one type of maintenance work only, and whose work involves a combination of the following: planning and layout of work re lating to repair of buildings, machines^ mechanical and/or electrical equipment; repairing electrical and/or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning and balancing new equipment; and repairing building, floors, stairs as well as making and repairing bins, cribs, and partitions, MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE A worker who repairs machinery and mechanical equipment of an establishment and whose work involves most of the following: examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of hand tools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with' Items ob 30. Maintenance - Continued MECHANIC, MAIWTONANCE - Continued tained from stock; ordering the production of a defective part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs o r for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; and re-assembling of machines* and making all necessary adjustments for operation. MILDTRIGHT A worker who installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required, and whose work involves most of the following? planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of hand toolB, and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; aligning and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives, and speed reducers. In general, the millwrights work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER (Greaser; lubricator) A worker who lubricates, with oil or grease, of mechanical equipment found in an establishment. the moving parts or wearing surfaces PAINTER, MAINTENANCE (Painter, repair) A worker who paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establish ment and whose work involves the following: knowledge of surface peculiarities 'and types of paint required for different applications; mixing colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color o r consistency; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. PIPE TITTER, MAINTENANCE A worker who Installs and/or repairs pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment, and whose work involves most of the following: laying out of work and/or measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer o r oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling-pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computa tions relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes M e t specifications. This classification does not include workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems. Custodial, Warehousing and Trucking GUARD A worker who has routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintain ing order, using arms or force where necessary. This classification includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER OR CLEANER This classification includes workers whose duties correspond to those of one or more of the jobs described below. Janitor (Manufacturing; Utilities) (Sweeper; cleaner) - A worker who sweeps and cleans shop areas, washrooms, and offices, and removes chips and refuse. May wash floors and windows. Porter (Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade) (Bay porter, cleaner) - A worker who keeps the premises of an establishment in a clean, orderly condition. Typical of the duties the worker performs are: sweeping and mopping floors; removing trash; dusting furniture or fix tures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; and washing windows and display cases. Janitor (Office Buildings) (Janitor-maintenance man) - A building service worker, em ployed in an office building, who performs a variety of duties involved in cleaning the premis es, disposing of waste and litter, and providing supplies and minor maintenance services. Mhy, occasionally, operate a passenger elevator. This classification does not Include workers whose duties are limited to cleaning the premises (see Cleaner - Office Buildings). Cleaner (Office Buildings) - A worker who keeps halls, offices, and/or rooms of pub lic buildings, offices, commercial establishments, or apartment houses In a clean, orderly con dition and whose work involves: sweeping, mopping and/or scrubbing floors; disposing of waste or litter; and/or dusting furniture and equipment. May also be required to polish metal fix tures and fittings. This classification does not include window washers nor workers whose du ties include cleaning rest rooms. Cleaner (Hotels) - A person who performs heavy cleaning operations in hotel lobbies, halls, public baths, showers, and lavatories. May also wash windows. ORDER FILLER This classification includes workers whose duties correspond to those of one or more of the jobs described below. Order Filler (Manufacturing; Warehousing and Storage) - A worker who fills shipping orders from stored merchandise in accordance with either written specifications or verbal in structions . May assemble, pack and carry or transport materials to shipping room or delivery platform. Order Filler (Wholesale Groceries and Grocery Chain-Store Warehouses)-A worker who fills orders from stock merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip or custom ers* orders and whose work involves a combination of the following: picking full ease or shelf merchandise, Indicating items filled or emitted on sales slips or customers’ orders, packing Custodial, Warehousing and Trucking - Continued ORDER FILLER - Continued orders, transporting Merchandise on a hand truck to shipping room or delivery platform, and reporting shortages of merchandise to head stock man or other supervisors* A worker vho hand les incoming goods - opening cases, shelving, etc* - should he classified as Stockman* Order Picker (Wholesale Drugs, Drug Propietorles and Toiletries, and Druggists -Sun dries) (Order Filler) - A worker vho picks or fills merchandise on customer orders and whose work involves a combination of the following? picking full case or shelf merchandise; Indica ting items filled or omitted on orders; storing Incoming cases in correct location; and requi sitioning case stock to replenish shelf stock and assisting In shelving stock* Stockman, Warehouse (Department 8tores, Dry-Goods Storey General-Merchandise Stores, Clothing Stores and Furniture Stores) - A person working In the warehouse vho fills customer's orders for merchandise from salescheck specifications* Places merchandise on flats, skids, or rollers, and moves to packing department* Also fills transfer orders going to the store for display on the selling floor. Receives Incoming merchandise from receiving or marking depart ments and places It In storage* Handles returned goods either hy returning It to storage or sending It to shipping department for delivery to supplier* STOCK HARDIER A S P TRUCKER, HARD This classification Includes workers whose duties correspond to those of one or more of the jobs described below* Loader and Uhloader (Shipping and Receiving) (Manufacturing) - A worker whose prin cipal duty Is to load or unload raw materials, supplies, partially processed or finished prod ucts to or from freight cars, trucks (motor, Industrial, hand) or other transporting device* Jn addition to loading or unloading duties, may also carry, wheel, or hand truck materials to or from storage space* Stock Man (Manufacturing) (Stock Helper) - A worker who, under general supervision of a head stock man, places incoming goods in proper place in stock room or warehouse, and whose work involves any combination of the following; knowledge of proper location of goods in storage area; checking incoming goods against invoices; loading or unloading goods from trucks or railroad cars or unpacking goods* This classification does not Include workers who merely move goods from place to place under immediate supervision. Trucker, Hand (Manufacturing; Wholesale Trade) - A worker who pushes or pulls hand trucks, cars or wheelbarrows used for transporting goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment, and usually loads or unloads hand trucks or wheelbarrows. May stack materials in storage bins, etc., and may keep records of materials moved. Shelver (Wholesale Trade) (Order Picker Helper) - A worker chandise and places stock on shelves* who opens eases of mer Stock Man or Stock Helper (Wholesale Trade) - A worker who, under general supervi-. sion of a head stock man, receives and places Incoming goods in proper places in stoek room or warehouse and whose work involves a combination of the following? unloading goods from trucks or railroad cars, checking Incoming goods against Invoices or requisitions, transporting goods from unloading platform to stock room, unpacking goods and placing on shelves or other proper places* He may also perform duties of Order Filler,, usually in smaller establishments* 31 Custodial, Warehousing and Trucking - Continued STOCK HANDIER AMD TRUCKER, HAND - Continued Stock Man or Stock Helper (Detail Trade) - A worker who, under general supervision of a head stock ran, receires and places incasing goods in proper place in stock root or ware house and issues stools materials, or equipment by filling orders requisitioning such materials« The work of the stock nan involves most of the following: checking inconlng goods against In voices or requisitions; unpacking goods; loading or unloading goods frae trucks or railroad cars; tallying the number of oases or other units loaded or unloaded, and placing stock in pro per storage place. Handler and Stacker*(Warehousing) - A worker engaged in the placenent and transfer of household furniture and goods or miscellaneous goods and commodities he tween the loading platform and storage rooms within the warehouse. The work of the handler and stacker imeftes most of the following: loading, unloading, stacking and carrying incoming and/or outgoing ship ments; checking goods against invoices to verify type, condition and quantity of shipments; and locating and assembling requisitioned goods. TRUCK DRIVER Truck Driver (Manufacturing) - A worker who drives a truck to transport material#, merchandise, equipment, or men. Nay load or unload truck, frequently assisted by Truck-Driver Helper. May make minor mechanical repairs and keep truck in good working order. This classi fication does not include Driver-Salesman. Truck Driver, Local Delivery (Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade) - A worker who drives a truck within a city or industrial area and whose work may Involve loading and unloading the truck with or without helpers and delivering between any of the following types of establish ments: freight depots, warehouses, wholesale establishments and retail establishments and/or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. This classification does not include drivers who sell or solicit business. WATCHMAN A worker who guards premises of plant property, warehouses, office buildings, or banks. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Flour and other Grain-mill Products BOLTER (Sifter operator) Sifts ground grain in the sifting machines to remove the broken kernels and lumps to be returned to grinding mills for further processing; adjusts feed slides so machine can take in only as much grain as it will sift. 32 Floor and other Grain-Bill Products - Continued GRAIN-EIEVATOR OPERATOR Has charge of grain unloading fro* trucks or railroad oars. Tends derating Machin ery, and say do Minor repair and maintenance vork on elevating Machinery* Sees that various grades of grain go to separate tins* Determines where grain Is to he stored and is responsible for sending desired grain to Mill* May actually do unloading, and nay also run grain through original screening or cleaning process which removes large pieces of foreign Matter* MILLER* FLOOR Is responsible for quality of product. Oversees all workers engaged In cleaning, grinding, and bolting (sifting) to Insure Milling of grain according to formula; plans schedule according to amount of grain to be ground during a period specified by management (or Head Miller); inspects grain at various stages of manufacture to determine If fineness Is accord ing to specifications; may adjust or Instruct and/or assist various Machine operators in ad justing Machinery. Especially in small mills, may also perform all operations of cleaning, grinding, sifting and packing* PACKER, SACK Tends a machine that sacks and weighs finished products or materials; places empty sack or bag over discharge nozzle or spout of packing machine; starts flew of product or ma terial into sack; shuts off or stops flew of product or material when specified weight or amount has entered the sack (machine may do this automatically)* May seal or close sacks by hand or machine* May make adjustments and minor repairs* SMOTTER Washes and scours grain which is Infested with smut, by operating a washing machine and a scouring machine* May also weigh, temper, and condition grain for grinding* May clean, adjust, and assist in repairing machinery. SWEEPER A worker who sweeps floors, walls, overhead runways, and machines in flour and other grain mills. May also assist in the cleaning required after choke-ups or spills. Paper and Paperboard Mills BACK TENDER A worker who is stationed at the dry end of a paper machine and whose duties involve most of the following: leading paper to and over driers; regulating heat of driers; adjusting calenders to obtain proper finish and caliper; putting paper on the reel; performing or direc ting the rewinding or cutting operation; weighing and calipering paper sheets and reporting results to machine tender; observing paper for any imperfections; and assisting machine tender at wet-end of machine as directed* Paper and Paperboard Mills - Continued BACK TENDER - Continued Workers in this occupation are classified and reported by group In accordance with the following table* The width of the wires in the machine and the average speed of the ma chine In feet per minute will determine the proper group for the workers on each paper machine* Group Width of vires (in inches) Y 2 3 100 or less 100 or less 100 or less or leas to 700 701 or more k 5 6 101 to 120 101 to 120 101 to 120 300 301 or less to 700 701 or more 7 8 9 121 to 150 121 to 150 121 to 150 300 or less 301 to 700 701 or more 10 11 12 151 to 180 151 to 180 151 to 180 300 or less 301 to 700 701 or more 13 14 15 181 and over 181 and over l8r and over 300 301 Average speed (feet per minute) 300 301 or less to 700 701 or more BEATER MAH A worker who prepares pulp for processing into paper by means of a beater which hy drates pulp and mixes chemicals or other Ingredients with the pulp, and whose work Involves most of the following: filling beater with pulp and other ingredients such as starch, alum and color; opening steam valves to heat contents when necessary; running beater for prescribed period of time; and dropping contents of beater into stock chest* BROKE MAN (Broke-beater man) A worker who operates a beater to repulp broke (waste paper) and whose duties in volve: filling beater with broke, water, and other ingredients; starting beater, opening steam valves to heat contents, and running beater for prescribed length of time; and dropping contents of beater into stock chest* MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE (See Maintenance, page 29 for description*) Paper and Paperboard Mills - Continued PAPER-MACHIKE TENDER A worker who is in charge of the operation of a paper-making machine and whose du ties involve most of the following: regulating and controlling flew of stock onto Fourdrinier wire or cylinder mold; setting and adjusting presses; regulating speed of various sections of machine; guiding wires and felts; interpreting tests as to quality of product and making necessary adjustments to meet specifications; and replacing wires and felts* Machine tender is usually stationed at wet-end of machine and directs the hack tender and other members of paper-machine crew* Workers in this occupation are classified with the table indicated for Back Tender* and reported hy group in accordance PAPER TESTER A worker who uses special testing equipment to conduct physical tests such as weight, strength, moisture, tear, tensile, fold and absorption, to determine if paper meets specifi cations* Industrial Chemicals CHEMICAL OPERATOR A worker who produces final or intermediate specifications prepared by a professional chemist* chemical products in accordance with Class A - A worker who operates one type of equipment or directs a chemical process comprising several types of chemical equipment where the reaction involves physical and/or chemical changes within highly critical, pressure, vacuum and/or temperature limits and whose w^k'involves 'm o s F o f the following; determining proper proportions of materials according to formulae or specifications; making necessary standard calculations; setting and regulating controls for temperature, pressure or flow of materials; observing controls and making neces sary adjustments; using measuring and testing instruments to check quality of operation; keeping operational records and making out reports on operations; and responsibility for the quality ^ quantity of the product and the equipment* May also coordinate the various functions of other operators and helpers to achieve a required flow of work* Class B - A worker who works at assigned equipment or position of a chemical reac tion process where the operations involve physical and/or chemical changes under highly^,gj*tioal pressure, vacuum or temperature limits* The worker may perform any of the specific duthe, a flp^yetor but requires guidance in the interpretation of tests and obser vations in setting and regulating controls and in making out reports on operations or A worker who operates primarily one type of pressure control within relatively broad limits* A worker may direct one or several helpers* equipment under atmospheric or tow 33. Industrial Chemicals - Continued CHEMICAL OPERATOR HELPER A worker who performs a variety of simple and standard tasks assigned to him by a chemical operator. The work of the helper involves most of the following: assisting in the moving, handling, dumping and weighing of materials; loading equipment; taking simple record ings of temperature and pressure under the direction of chemical operators; cleaning working area; removing finished products from equipment; and cleaning or washing equipment. This classification includes all helpers to chemical equipment operators, regardless of whether the operator is assigned to a specific type of apparatus or is engaged in control ling the operation of a series of equipment. m m FILLER A worker who fills steel drums to a predetermined level o r weight with chemical products, screws hung in place or seals cover on drum, and stencils identifying data on drum prior to shipment. ELECTRIC-CELL MAH (Electrolysis operator; unit tender) A worker who operates an electric cell used in dissociating breaking doim liquids into their component parts by electricity. The work of the operator Involves most of the following; maintaining flew of materials to and from cells, by manipulation of valves; cheeking ammeter, voltmeter, recording thermometer and pressure gages during run; checking samples with control laboratory for degree of dissociation of liquid in cell as a of determining when! run is complete; examining poles and sides of cel-J for corrosion, reporting oarroded condition to repairman; and adjusting and making minor repairs to equipment. ELECTRIC-CELL REPAIRMAN AND CLEANER A worker who repairs, cleans and washes electrle cell units used in breaking dewn liquids Into their component parts. The work of the repairman and cleaner involves removing corroded plates from the cell, washing and repairing plates and tank, and rebuilding cells. INSTRUMENT REPAIRMAN A worker who maintains, adjusts, and repairs manual, pneumatic, electric and/or electronic instruments, such as potentiometers, temperature indicators, recorders, pressure and flew meters and gages, for measuring, recording, and regulating movement of gases and liquids, and whose work involves most of the following; inspecting, testing and adjusting Instruments periodically; determining cause of trouble in instruments not functioning properly and making necessary repairs or adjustments; disconnecting Inaccurate or damaged instruments and replacing them with spare Instruments; examining mechanism and cleaning parts; replacing worn or broken parts; assembling instrument and installing it on testing apparatus; and cali brating instrument to established standard. IABCBATCRI ASSISTANT A worker who performs standard and routine laboratory tests to determine properties of materials and submits results of the tests to ehemists or to operators in the various proc essing departments. Among the types of tests that may be carried on by the laboratory assist ant at o viscosity tests or specific gravity tests. 3^ Industrial Chemicals - Continued FIFE FITTER, MAINTENANCE (See Maintenance, page 30 for description*) Metalworking ASSEMBLER (Bench assembler; floor assembler; jig assembler; line assembler; sub-assembler) A worker who assembles and/or fits together parts to form complete units or subas semblies at a bench, conveyor line, or on the floor, depending upon the size of the units and the organization of the production process* The work of the assembler may include processing operations requiring the use of hand tools in scraping, chipping and filing of parts to obtain a desired fit as well as pcwer tools and special equipment when punching, riveting, soldering or welding of parts is necessary* Workers who perform any of these processing operations ex clusively as part of specialized assembling operations aie not included in this classification. Class A - A worker who assembles parts Into complete units or subassemblies that re quire fitting of parts and decisions regarding proper performance of any component part or the assembled unit, and whose work involves any combination of the followingi assembling from drawings, blueprints or other written specifications; assembling units composed of a variety of parts and/or subassemblies; assembling large units requiring careful fitting and adjusting of parts to obtain specified clearances; and using a variety of hand and powered tools and precision measuring instruments* Class B - A worker who assembles parts into units, or subassesblies in accordance with standard and prescribed procedures, and whose work involves any combination of the fol lowing: assembling a limited range of standard and familiar products composed of a number of small or medium-sized parts requiring some fitting or adjusting; assembling large units that require little or no fitting of component parts; working under conditions where accurate per formance and completion of work within set time limits are essential for subsequent assem bling operations; and using a limited variety of hand or powered tools* Class C - A worker who performs short-cycle, repetitive assembling operations, and whose work does not involve any fitting or making decisions regarding proper performance of the component parts or assembling procedures* DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, SINGLE- OR MULTIPLE-SPINDLE Performs such operations as drilling, reaming, countersinking, counterboring, spotfacing and tapping on one or more types of single-spindle or multiple-spindle drill presses* This classification includes operators of all types of radial-drill presses and portable drilling equipment* drill presses other than Metalworking - Continued DRILL-PRESS OPERATOR, SINGLE- OR MULTIPIE-SPINDLE - Continued Class A - Operator who is required to set up machine for operations requiring care ful positioning, blocking and aligning of units; to determine speeds, feeds, tooling and oper ation sequence; and to make all necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite dimensions or Operator who is required to set up machine where speeds, feeds, tooling and operation sequence are prescribed but whose work involves very difficult operations such as deep drill ing, or boring to exacting specifications. Class B - Operator who is required to set up machine on standard operations where feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence are prescribed; and to make all necessary adjust ments during operation or Operator who is required to maintain set-up mad© by others, including making all ne cessary adjustments during operation on work requiring considerable care on the part of the operator to maintain specified tolerances. Class C - Operator who is required only to operate machine, on routine and repetitive operations; to make only minor adjustments during operation; and when trouble occurs to stop the machine and call on foreman, leadman, or set-up man to correct the operation. ENGINE-LATHE OPERATOR Operates an engine lathe for shaping external and internal cylindrical surfaces of metal objects. The engine lathe, basically characterized by a headstock, tailstock, and powerfed tool carriage, is a general-purpose machine tool used primarily for turning. It is also commonly used in performing such operations as facing, boring, drilling, and threading; and, ©quipped with appropriate attachments, it may be usedlbr a very wide variety of special machin ing operations. The stock may be held in position by the lathe "centers” or by various types of chucks and fixtures. This classification excludes operators of bench lathes, automatic lathes, automaticscrew machines, and hand-turret lathes and hand-screw machines. Class A - Operator who is required to set up machine; to select feeds, speeds, tool ing and operation sequence; and to make necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite dimensions or Operator who is required to set up machine from drawings, blueprints or layout, in accordance with prescribed feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence and to make necessary adjustments during operation where changes in work and set-up are frequent and where care is essential to achieve very close tolerances. Operator may be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. Class B - Operator who is required to maintain operation set up by others,by making all necessary adjustments, where care Is essential to achieve very close tolerances or Metalworking - Continued ENGINE-LATHE OPERATOR - Continued Operator who la required to set up machine on standard or roughing operations where feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence are prescribed; and to make adjustments during operation. Operator may he required to recognize when tools need dressing, to select proper coolants and cutting oils. to dress tools and Class C - Operator who Is required only to operate machine on routine and repetitive operations; to make only minor adjustments during operation; and when trouble occurs to stop the machine and call on foreman, leadman, or set-up man to correct the operation. (BINDING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Centerless-grinder operator; cylindrical-grinder operator; external-grinder opera tor; Internal-grinder operator, surface-grinder operator; Universal-grinder operator) A worker who operates one of several types of precision grinding machines to grind internal and external surfaces of metal parts to a smooth and even finish and to required dimensions. Precision grinding Is used primarily as a finishing operation on previously ma chined parts, and consists of applying abrasive wheels rotating at high speed to the surfaces to be ground. In addition to the types of grinding machines Indicated above, this classification Includes operators of other production grinding machines such as: single-purpose grinders, (drill grinders, broach grinders, saw grinders, gear cutter grinders, thread grinders, etc.), and automatic and semi-automatic general purpose grinding machines. Class A - An operator who is required to set up machine; to select feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and to make necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite dimensions or An operator who is required to set up machine from drawings or blueprints or lay-out in accordance with prescribed feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence and to make nec essary adjustments during operation where changes in work and set-up are frequent and where care is essential to achieve very close tolerances. Operator may be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. Class B - An operator who is required to set up machine on standard operations where feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence are either prescribed or are known from past experience; to make adjustments during operation; and to maintain prescribed tolerances or An operator who is required to maintain operation set up by others, by making all necessary adjustments, where considerable care is essential to achieve very close tolerances. Operator may be required to recognize when tools need dressings, to dress tools and to select coolants and cutting oils. Class C - An operator who is required only to operate machine on routine and repet itive operations; to make only minor adjustments during operation; and when trouble occurs to stop the machine and call on foreman, leadman, or set-up man to correct the operation. 35 Metalworking - Continued INSPECTOR A worker who performs such operations as examining parts or products for flaws and defects, and checking their dimensions and appearance to determine whether they meet the re quired standards and specifications* Class A - A worker who Inspects parts, products, and/or processes with responsi bility for decisions regarding the quality of the product and/or operations, and whose work Involves any combination of the following: thorough knowledge of the processing operations In the branch of work to which he Is assigned, Including the use of a variety of precision measuring Instruments; interpreting drawings and specifications In Inspection work on units composed of a large number of component parts; examining a variety of products or processing operations; determining causes of flaws In products and/or processes and suggesting necessary changes to correct work methods; and devising Inspection procedures for new products* Class B - A worker who inspects parts, products, and/or processes and whose work involves any combination of the following: knowledge of processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, limited to familiar products and processes or where perform ance is dependent on past experience; performing Inspection operations on products and/or processes having rigid specifications, but where the inspection procedures Involving a se quence of Inspection operations, including decisions regarding proper fit or performance of some parts; and using precision measuring Instruments* Class C - A worker who inspects parts, products and/or processes and whose work In volves any combination of the following: short-cycle, repetitive inspection operations; using a standardized, special-purposes measuring instrument repetitively; and visual examination of parts or products, rejecting units having obvious deformities or flaws. M H U H a - M A C H I K E OPERATOR (Milling-machine operator, automatic; milling-machine operator, hand) Performs a variety of work such as grooving, planing, and shaping metal objects on a milling machine, which removes material from metal surfaces by the cutting action of multitoothed rotating cutters of various sizes and shapes* Milling-machine types vary from the manually controlled machines employed production to fully automatic (conveyor-fed) machines found in plants engaged in mass tion. This classification includes operators of all types of milling machines except purpose millers such as thread millers, duplicators, die sinkers, pantograph millers graving millers. in unit produc single and en Class A - Operator who is required to set up machine; to select feeds, speeds, tool ing and operation sequence; and to make necessary adjustments during operation to achieve req uisite dimensions or Operator who is required to set up machine from drawings, blueprints, or lay-out in accordance with prescribed feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence, and to make neces sary adjustments during operation where changes in work and set up are frequent and where con siderable care is essential to achieve very close tolerances. 36. Metalworking - Continued MILLING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued Operator may be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. Class B - Operator who is required to set up machines on standard operations where feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence are prescribed) to make adjustments during oper ation; and to maintain prescribed tolerances or Operator who is required to maintain operation set up by others, by making all neces sary adjustments, where considerable care is essential to achieve very close tolerances. Operator may be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to select proper coolants and cutting oils. to dress tools and Class C - Operator who is required to operate only, on routine and repetitive oper ations; to make only minor adjustments during operation; and when trouble occurs to stop ma chine and call on foreman, leadman or set-up man to correct the operation. POWER-SHEAR OPERATOR A worker who operates one or more types of power shears to out metal sheets, plates, bars, rods and other metal shapes to size or length. Class A - A worker who is required to set up and operate power-shear equipment, under general supervision only, and whose work involves most of the following: working from blueprints or drawings or to material requisition lists; planning and lay-out of work; selec ting and utilizing material to avoid excessive scrap; setting stop gauges, aligning material and performing shearing operation on machine; shearing large or heavy material to lay-out or specified dimensions; and performing shearing operations involving angular o r circular cuts. Class B - A worker who is required to operate power-shears on straight shearing operations performed on a repetitive basis where accuracy is not an important consideration and where setting up is limited to setting stop gauges for size of stock desired or is done by others. PUNCH-PRESS OPERATOR A worker who feeds and operates a power press equipped with special production dies that perform one or a combination of cutting and shaping operations on the stock. Individual pieces of stock or partly fabricated units may be positioned in the machine by the operator, or the machine may be equipped with a feeding device that automatically positions single pieces of stock or repetitively positions strip or sheet stock for successive operations. Punch presses are ccmnonly designated bjr functional names derived from the operation they perform, such as blanking press or forming press; by names descriptive of the frame, such as arch press; or by names that indicate how the power is transmitted, such as crank press or toggle press. Class A - An operator whose work involves any combination of the following: diffi cult positioning of work units because of size or shape, or type of operation to be performed; processing unusually large work that is positioned in the press with the aid of other workers? processing work units that must be steadied while operations are being performed: deep draw Metalworking - Continued PUNCH-PRESS OPERATOR - Continued ing or forming operations requiring careful positioning of work and prompt recognition of faulty operation; short-run work requiring ability to perform a variety of punch press opera tions or to operate several types of presses; examining output and making adjustments as nec essary to maintain production within standards; and setting, a.1ignlng and adjusting dies and fixtures in the press. Class B - An operator who is required mainly to feed, control and examine operation of the press, and when trouble occurs to call on foreman, leadman or die maker to correct the situation, and whose work involves one or more of the following: performing single operation, such as punching, blanking, or piercing on small or medium size stock easily positioned by hand; feeding small units into the press from a feed race or chute; loading and tending a press equipped with a feeding device for handling a strip or sheet stock, or a dial drum, magazine or hopper feed for handling individual stock blanks. TOOL AHD DIB MAKER (Die maker; Jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) A worker who constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, Jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work, and whose work involves most of the followingt planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings or other oral and written spec if loat ions; using a variety of tool-and-dle maker’s hand tools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop compu tations relating to dimensions of work, speed, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed toler ances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools and processes. In general, the tool-and-die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and Experience. For wage study purposes, tool and die makers are classified ass Tool and die makers, Jobbing shops Tool and die makers, other than Jobbing shops WELDER, HATO A worker who fuses (welds) metal objects together by means of an oxyacetylene torch welding apparatus in the fabrication of metal shapes and in repairing broken or cracked metal objects. In addition to performing hand welding or brazing operation, he may also lay out guide lines or marks on meted parts and may cut metal with a cutting torch. orarc Class A - Worker who performs welding operations requiring most of the following: planning and laying out of work from drawings, blueprints or other written specifications; kncwledge of welding properties of a variety of metals and alloys; setting up of work and de termining operation sequence; welding of high pressure vessels or other objects involving cri tical safety and load requirements; working from a variety of positions; and ability to wold with gas or arc apparatus. Metalworking - Continued WELDER, HAHD - Continued Class B - Worker vho is required to perform either arc o r gas welding operations on repetitive work, where no critical safety and load requirements are involved; where the work calls mainly for one position welding; and where the layout and planning of the work are per formed hy others. Foundries (Ferrous and Wonferrous) CHIPPER AMD GRINDER (Air hammerman; bench grinder; chipper; disc grinder; face grinder; portable-grinder operator; power-chisel operator; shaft grinder; snagger; stand grinder; swing-frame grinder) Operates one or more types of chipping or grinding equipment in removing undesirable projections or surplus metal (fins, burrs, gates, risers, weld seams) from sand- or die-castings, forgings, or welded units. The more common types of equipment employed for such oper ations include pneumatic chisels, portable grinding tools, stand grinders, and swing-frame grinders. A variety of hand tools including hammers, cold chisels, hand files and saws may also be utilised by the operator in his work. This classification includes workers who spe cialize on either chipping or grinding work, as well as those who perform both types of oper ations. CQREMAKSR, HARD A worker who shapes by (on bench or floor) varying cores used in molds to form hollows and holes in metal castings, and whose work requires most of the following: selecting appropriate core boxes and work sequence; cleaning core boxes with compressed air or hand bellows and dusting parting sand over inside of core box to facilitate removal of finished care; packing and ramming core sand solidly into box, using shovels, hands, and tamping tools; selecting and setting vent wires and reinforcing wires into cores; determining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for a particular core; removing core box from core and repairing damage to Impressions; baking cores to harden them; and assembling cores of more than one section. MOLDER, FLOOR A worker who shapes large molds or mold sections by hand on the foundry floor or in a pit, by ramming or packing sand around a pattern placed in a flask, and whose work involves most of the following: selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns and position ing patterns in flasks for a variety of molds; determination of appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for different molds; packing and ramming sand around pattern; drawing pattern and smoothing mold; selecting and setting in position appropriate cores; deter mination of appropriate gating, venting reinforcing and facing required for particular mold; assembling mold sections into complete mold; using such molderfe hand tools as riddles, rammers, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows and mallets in contacting and smoothing of mold; directing the pouring of the molten metal into mold, and operation of crane in lifting and moving of mold or mold sections. 37 Foundries (Ferrous and Nonferrous) - Continued HOLDER, HAHD, BENCH A worker who shapes small and medium-sized molds (or component sections of a mold that are assembled into complete units) by hand on a bench, by ramming and packing sand around patterns placed in flasks, and whose work involves most of the following: selecting and as sembling appropriate flasks and patterns for varying molds; determination of appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required far different types of molds; packing and ramming green sand, dry sand or loam around patterns; drawing patterns and smoothing molds; selecting and setting cores in position; determination of the types of gating necessary for the molds; finishing molds by performing such operations as facing, venting, and reinforcing; assembling mold sections to form complete molds; selecting and using such molderfs hand tools as riddles, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows and mallets in packing and smoothing of molds or mold sec tions; and directing the pouring of the molten metals, MOIDER, MACHINE A worker who shapes molds or mold sections on any of several types of molding ma chines, such as roll-over, jarring, and squeeze machines, and whose work involves most of the following? selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns and positioning patterns in flasks; filling flasks with sand and ramming of sand around pattern with ramming tool or by mechanical means; determination of appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for particular molds; preparing molds for drawing of patterns, and repairing damage to mold impressions in sand; selecting and setting in position appropriate cores; determina tion of appropriate venting, gating, reinforcing and facing required; assembling upper and lower sections of molds, and guiding or assisting in the pouring of the molten metal into the mold, PATTERNMAKER, WOOD A worker who builds wooden patterns, core boxes or match plates, and whose work in volves most of the following? planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, or models; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; using a variety of patternmaker's hand tools such as saws, planes, chisels, gauges, and mallets; operating vari ous woodworking machines such as band saws, circular saws, borers, routers, lathe planers, drill presses, Sanders, and shapers; checking work with calipers, rules, protractors, squares, straight-edges, and other measuring instruments; assembling patterns and sections of patterns by gluing, nailing, screwing, and doweling; working to required tolerances and allowances; and selecting the materials for the construction of a particular pattern. May also make sweeps (templates) for making molds by the sweep-molding method. In general the work of the patternmaker requires a rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience, SHAKE-OUT MAN A worker who removes castings from the molds in which they were cast, and whose work involves one or more of the following? releasing clamps holding sections of flask together, separating the sections and breaking the sand mold from the castings, using a steel bar or sledge hammer, or removing castings from the sand with the aid of metal hooks; operating a vibrating shake-out screen in removing sand and castings from flasks; using a pneumatic shaker which, when attached to the flask, jars or jolts it until the mold has crumbled; using a vibratory air-hammer to remove ihe sand and castings; shaking loosely adhering sand from cast ings; and shoveling sand shaken from molds into a pile. 38 Fabricated Structural Metal Products CRAKE OPERATOR, ELECTRIC -BRIDGE (Overhead-crane operator; traveling-crane operator) A worker who lifts and moves heavy objects with an electrically powered hoist which is mounted on a metal bridge, and runs along overhead rails. The work of the operator in volves} closing switch to turn on electricity; moving electrical controller levers and brake pedal to run the crane bridge along overhead rails, to run the hoisting trolley back and forth across the bridge, and to raise and lover the load line and anything attached to it. (Motions of crane are usually carried out in response to signals from other workers, on the ground.) FITTER, STRUCTURAL A worker who, working in an establishment, assembles and/or fits up structural steel shapes used in the fabrication of buildings, towers, bridges and other structures. The work in cludes assembling of processed structural steel members In preparation for riveting or welding operations, and Joining parts together to see that they are properly processed for assembly by other workers at the construction site. Class A - A worker who is required to assemble and fit up a variety of types of structural work; to work from blueprints, drawings or other written specifications; to plan assembly procedure; and to use hand tools and measuring devices in the performance of his work. Class B - A worker who is required to assemble structural units requiring little or no fitting; to* do repetitive types of assembling operations according to procedures establish ed by others; and to use hand tools and measuring devices in the performance of his work. LAY-OUT MAN A worker who outlines guide marks on structural steel, plate, castings, sheet-metal or other metal shapes for subsequent processing and fabrication, by indicating guide lines, centers, reference points, dimensions and processing instructions on the surface of metal part. Class A - A lay-out man whose work involves most of the following* laying out from blueprints or drawings; making shop computations to locate guide lines, reference points, centers of punch marks; preparing the surface of metal objects for lay-out; working on a variety of products of various sizes and shapes; indicating detailed instructions to pro cessing workers; and using hand tools and measuring instruments. Class B - A lay-out man whose work Involves any combination of the following; using templates in indicating reference points or guide lines; working from drawings on repetitive lay-outs; providing simple Instructions to processing workers; and using hand tools and meas uring instruments. POWER-SHEAR OPERATOR (See Metalworking, page 36 for description.) v m im , hard (See Metalworking, page 36 for description.) Department and Clothing Stores CASHIER-WRAPPER A worker who wraps and receives payment for merchandise. The duties of this worker involve most of the following: receiving payment, merchandise, and salescheck from sales person or customer; reviewing salescheck for correct computations; making change; checking salescheck against merchandise for price, quality, size, color, imperfections; wrapping mer chandise; attaching address label if merchandise is to be sent. ELEVATOR OPERATOR. PASSENGER A worker who transports passengers between floors of an office building, house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. apartment SALES CHIRK A worker who sells merchandise in an assigned department of a store or in a store specializing in one or a few items. Determines merchandise desired by customer, assists in selection, explains and demonstrates various qualities of the merchandise, receives payment, and makes out salescheck. May also do own cashiering and wrapping and assist in stocking and displaying merchandise. Bales Clerks are classified by department, as follows: Men’s clothing Men’8 furnishings Notions, trimmings Women’s accessories (hosiery, gloves, handbags, eto.) Women’s dresses Women’s shoes Women’s suits and coats TAILOR, ALTERATION (MEN’S GARMENTS) A worker who makes alterations on men’s coats, suits, trousers and vests. Typical alterations include such items as remodeling shoulders and necklines, re-setting sleeves and collars, taking-in side seams, and felling in accordance with markings on garment or instruc tions received from Fitter. The work of the alteration tailor involves most of the following: ripping seams and linings, re-cutting fabric, basting in position for sewing, re-sewing by hand or machine. May also press new seams, and press or iron garment with hand iron or press ing machine when alterations are completed. TAILOR, ALTERATION (WOMEN’S GARMENTS) A worker who makes alterations on women’s suits, coats, or dresses. Typical alter ations Include such items as remodeling shoulders and necklines, re-setting sleeves and collars, taking-in side seams, and felling in accordance with markings o n garment or Instructions re ceived from Fitter. The work of the alteration tailor involves most of the following: rip ping seams and linings, re-cutting fabric, basting in position for sewing, re-sewing by hand or machine. May also press new seams, and press or iron garment with hand iron or pressing machine when alterations are completed. Office Buildings Service CLEANER A worker vho keeps halls, offices, and/or rooms of public buildings, offices, oca* ■srcial •sta'blishasnts, or a partwnt hous«B in a olsan, ardorly condition and vhoae vcrk in▼olvest weeping, mopping and/or scrubbing floors; disposing of vast* or litter; and/or dust ing furniture and equipment. Msy also be required to polish metal fixtures and fittings. This classification does not include window washers* ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER (See Department and Clothing Stores, page 38 for description*) ENGINEER, STATIONARY (See Maintenance, page 29 for description.) FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER (See Maintenance, page 29 for description*) janitor (Janitor-maintenance man) A building service worker, employed in an office building, of duties involved in cleaning the premises, disposing of waste and supplies and minor maintenance services* May, occasionally, operate This classification does not include workers whose duties are limited to (See Cleaner*) who performs litter, and a passenger cleaning the a variety providing elevator* premises* WATCHMAN (See Custodial, Warehousing and Trucking, page 31 for description.) Hotels CLERK, DESK (Room clerk, smaller hotels) Registers and assigns rooms to incoming guests and checks out departing guests* Maintains records of reservations and rooms occupied* Furnishes information, receives and distributes mail and telegrams, and Issues and accepts room keys* May supervise bellhops, elevator operators or FBX operators* In the very small hotels nmy handle accounts and receive payment for rooms. CLERK, ROOM Rents and assigns rooms to persons applying at desk, over the telephone, or in writing. Arranges transfer of registered guests to other rooms* Checks out guests arid refers them to Cashier for payment of bill. 39 Hotels - Continued EUYATC8R OPERATOR, PASSENGER (See Department and Clothing Stores, page 38 for description*) HOUSEMAN Moves and arranges furniture; prepares rooms for renovations; sets up sample rooms, meeting rooms and "banquet rooms; obtains additional furniture and furnishings from storage in response to requests of guests made through Housekeeper or other supervisor. In smaller hotels may perform heavier cleaning operations In lobby and halls and nay wash windows. MAID, CHAMBER (Boom maid) Performs routine duties, cleaning and servicing of guest’s rooms under close super vision of Housekeeper. May also clean baths. Power Laundries CLERK, RETAIL RECEIVING A person who receives work from routemen or from customers over the counter in the receiving office or store of a dry-cleaning or laundry establishment and whose work involves most of the following: maintaining a record of articles or bundles received; returning com pleted work to customers who call for it; collecting payment and maintaining, simple records of money received; and in establishments where dry cleaning is done, fastening an identifying marker to each article, examining an article for defects such as holes, stains or tears, and making a record of-the identification symbol assigned to each article with a brief description of the article and of any defects noted. This classification does not include store managers. EXTRACTOR OPERATOR (Whizzer operator) A worker who removes surplus moisture from materials (such as wet cloth, clothing, knit goods, and y a m ) by operating an extractor and whose work involves most of the following: loading material Into perforated drum of machine by hand or hoist; closing lid and starting machine, allowing it to run a predetermined time or until fluid stops flowing from drain; re moving partly dried materials; and hand trucking materials within the department. In addition, the worker may assist the Washer in loading, operating, or unloading the washing machine. FINISHER, FLATWQRK, MACHINE A worker who performs flatwork finishing operations by machine and whose work in volves one or more of the following: shaking out the creases in semi-dry washing to prepare it for the flatwork ironing machine; feeding clean, damp flatwork pieces into the flatwork ironing machine by placing the articles on the feeder rollers; and catching or receiving arti cles as they emerge from the machine and partially folding them. ko Power Laundries - Continued FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER (See Maintenance, page 29 for description.) IDENTIFIER A worker who sorts soiled bundles, places the contents into various hags and by means of flags, pins or other devices identifies the net with a customer tag or ticket. In addition may weigh, list or count some or all articles contained in each bundle. This classi fication does not include workers who mark or otherwise identify each individual piece con tained in a bundle. MARKER A worker who marks or affixes by hand or mechanical means, customer identifying symbols on soiled garments, linens, or other articles. In addition may weigh, list, or count articles contained in each bundle, sort contents of each bundle into groups according to treat ment to be received, or note and record any damaged or stained condition of articles. This classification does not include workers who do sorting, examining, or listing without marking the various articles. PRESSER, MACHINE, SHIRTS A worker who operates or tends the operation of one or more ©f the several type machines that press shirts, and who perform such shirt pressing operations as body pressing, bosom pressing, collar and cuff pressing, and/or sleeve pressing. WASHER, MACHINE A worker who operates one or more washing machines to wash household linens, gar ments, curtains, drapes and other articles and whose work involves the following: manipula ting valves, switches, and levers to start and stop the machine and to control the amount and temperature of water for the sudsing and rinsing of each batch; mixing and adding soap, bluing and bleaching solutions; and loading and unloading the washing machine. In addition may make minor repairs to washing machine. WRAPPER, BUNDLE A worker who wraps packages or finished products, or packs articles, goods, or ma terials in cardboard boxes and secures the package or box with twine, ribbon, gummed tape, or paste. The worker may segregate articles according to size or type,or according to customer's order and inspect articles for defects before wrapping. Automobile Repair Shops BODY REPAIRMAN, METAL (Automobile-collision serviceman; fender and body repairman; body man) Repairs damaged automobile fenders and bodies to restore their original shape and smoothness of surface by hammering out and filling dents, and by welding breaks in the metal. Automobile Repair Shops - Continued BOOT REPAIRMAN, METAL - Continued May remove bolts and nuts, take off old fenders, and install new fenders. May perform such related tasks as replacing broken glass and repairing damaged radiators and woodwork. May paint repaired surfaces. GREASER (Lubricating man) Lubricates, by means of hand-operated or compressed-air operated grease guns and oil sprays, all parts of automobile or truck where lubrication is required, using proper type lubricant on the various points on chassis or motors; drains old lubricant from lubricant reser voirs and refills with new. May perform other related duties, such as checking radiator water level, checking and adding distilled water to battery, repairing tires, etc. May also perform duties of washer. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE Repairs automobiles and trucks, performing such duties as disassembling and overhaul ing engines, transmissions, clutches, rear ends, and other assemblies on automobiles, replac ing worn or broken parts, grinding valves, adjusting brakes, tightening body bolts, aligning wheels, etc. In addition to general automotive mechanics, this classification also includes workers whose duties are limited to repairing and overhauling the motor. Class A - Repairs, rebuilds, or overhauls engines, transmissions, clutches, rear ends, or other assemblies, replaces worn or broken parts, grinds valves, bores cylinders, fits rings. In addition may adjust brakes or lights, tighten body bolts, align wheels, etc. May remove or replace motors, transmissions or other assemblies. May do machining of parts* Class B - Adjusts brakes or lights, tightens body bolts, aligns wheels, or makes other adjustments or repairs of a minor nature; or removes and replaces motors, transmissions, clutches, rear ends, etc., but does no repairing, rebuilding, or overhauling of these assem blies. Workers who are employed as helpers to Mechanics are excluded from this classification. WASHER, AUTOMOBILE (Car washer; wash boy) Washes automobiles and trucks; sweeps and cleans Interior of automobile; may polish auto vehicle bodies, using polishing compound and a cloth. Various parts of this job may be performed by individual workers in automobile laundries production lines. k2. Page Number Description Earnings or rate Inspector (bakeries) ........................... . Inspector (metalworking) •«.•••••••......... . Instrument repairman (industrial chemicals)....... Janitor .................... ........ Janitor (office buildings) Key-punch operator .............. ............ ...... Laboratory assistant (industrial chemicals) .... . Lay-out man (fabricated structural metal products) Machine and molderman (bakeries) ................. Machine captain (bakeries) Machine helper (bakeries) ....................... . Machine man (bakeries) ..... •••••••••••........ Machine operator (bakeries) ........ Machine operator (printing) ...................... Machine set-up man (bakeries) •••••••••••••...... Machine tender (machinist) (printing) •••••••.•••• Machinist, maintenance .............. ••••••••••.•• Maid, chamber (hotels) ........ ................ . Mailer (printing) ............ .................... Maintenance man, general u t i l i t y ........... . Marker (laundries) ............................... Mechanic, automotive (auto repair shops) ......... Mechanic, maintenance .................. Mechanic, maintenance (paper and paperboard mills) Miller, flour (grain mills) ................ ...... Milling-machine operator (metalworking) .......... Millwright .................................... . Mixer (bakeries) .......................... ....... Mixer, head (bakeries) ........••••••«••••••...... Mixer, sponge (bakeries) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• Molder, floor (ferrous foundries) ................ Molder, floor (nonferrous foundries) ••••••••••••• Molder, hand, bench (ferrous foundries) .... ..... Molder, hand, bench (nonferrous foundries) Molder, machine (ferrous foundries) ••••••••••••.. Molder, machine (nonferrous foundries) ............ Motortruck driver ......................... . Office boy Office g i r l ...... ............................... , Oiler ............... ••.••••••••••••...... Operator, bus (local transit) Order filler ................... . Oven feeder and dumper (bakeries).... . Oven hand and mixer (bakeries) •••••••••••••••••••, Ovenmam (bakeries) .......................... . Packer (bakeries) Packer, sack (grain mills) Painter (building construction) Painter, maintenance Pan feeder and greaser (bakeries) •••.••••••••*•••< Pan greaser (bakeries) ...................... . - 35 33 30 39 28 33 38 - 29 39 . 29 70 IfO 29 32 32 35 30 _ - 37 37 37 37 37 37 • 28 28 30 - 30 . _ _ 32 - 30 • 21 15, 16 1^ 12 19 9 Ik 17 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 11 20 21 11 20 20 11 Ik Ik 15, 16 12 21 21 21 17 17 17 '17 17 17 21 6 9 12 21 13 21 21 21 21 Ik 21 12 21 21 Page Number Paper-machine tender (paper and paperboard mills) ... Paper tester (paper and paperboard mills) .*....... . Patternmaker, wood (ferrous foundries) ........ . Photoengraver (printing) ........................... « Pipe fitter, maintenance ••.••••••••••...... . Pipe fitter, maintenance (industrial chemicals) .... Plasterer (building construction) .......... Plumber (building construction) .... P o r t e r ....... .............. ..... ..... ............ Power-shear operator (fabricated structural metal products) Power-shear operator (metalworking) .... .. Press assistant (printing) ........... •.••••••••••••. Press feeder (printing) ..... .•••• Presser, machine, shirts (laundries) ............... • Pressman (printing) ..................... •........ Punch-press operator (metalworking) ................. Eollerman (bakeries) ..... .......................... Sales clerk (department and clothing stores) ••••..•• Se cr e t a r y ........ ....................•.....•....... Shake-out man (ferrous foundries) Shale©-out man (nonferrous foundries) ................ Smutter (grain mills) ....... ................ ...... Sponge rollerman (bakeries) ................. •••••••• Stenographer, general ........................... •••• Stenographer, technical ................. ........... Stereotyper (printing) ........... .................. Stock h a n d l e r ......... ............... .. Sweeper (grain mills) ............................... Switchboard operator ...... Switchboard operator-receptionist..... . Tabulating-machine operator ........... ............ Tailor, alteration (men1s garments) (department and clothing stores).......................... . Tailor, alteration (women*s garments) (department and clothing stores)...... ........ •••••.......... Tool-and-die maker (metalworking) ............. ..... Transcribing-machine operator, g e n e r a l .... ......... Truck d r i v e r .... ................................. Trucker, hand .......... Typist .............. .................. . Washer, automobile (auto repair shops) Washer, machine (laundries) .... . Watchman Watchman (office buildings) .................. . Welder, hand (fabricated structural metal products )«,• Welder, hand (metalworking) .*.*.... ........ Wrapper (bakeries) Wrapper, bundle (laundries) ....... . ••.......«•••••• Wrapper, hand (bakeries) .......... ................. Wrapping-machine operator (bakeries) ••••........ . Description Earnings or rat© 33 33 37 Ik Ik - 30 3t 30 38 36 • ko • 36 - 38 28 37 37 32 _ 28 28 31 32 28 28 28 17 21 12 Ik 21 21 12 17 15 21 21 20 21 15 21 18, 19 9 17 17 ll* 21 9 9 21 13 Ik 10 10 6, io 38 18 38 36 28 31 31 28 to to 31 39 38 36 18, 19 15, 16 10 13 13 10 20 20 13 19 17 15, 16 21 20 21 21 - ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 0 — 1950
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