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Occupational Wage Survey BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS OCTOBER 1961 Bulletin No. 13 03-16 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS OCTOBER 1961 Bulletin No. 1303-16 January 1962 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R A rth u r J. Goldberg, Secretary B U R E A U O F LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 30 cents l UgJ ;j J r/ Contents Preface Page The L abor M arket O ccupational Wage Survey P rog ra m The B ureau o f L a b or Statistics annually conducts occu p ation al wage su rveys in 82 la b or m ark ets. The studies provid e data on occu p ation al earnings and related supplem entary b en efits. A p re lim in a ry rep ort furnishing trend data and av era g e earn in gs is re le a se d within a month o f the com p letion o f each study. This bulletin provid es additional data not in cluded in the p relim in a ry rep ort. Two bu lletin s, brin gin g together the results o f a ll o f the area su rv e y s, a re is s u e d after com p letion o f the fin al a rea bu lletin in the cu rre n t round o f su rveys. The fir s t o f these bulletins w ill be available late in 1962 and the oth er e a rly in 1963. D uring the survey y ea r, sum m ary r e le a s e s p resen tin g areaw ide occupational earnings data fo r 25 to 30 la b o r m a rk e ts, a re issu ed as data becom e a v ailable. Introduction _____________________________________________________________ Wage trends fo r se le cte d occupational groups ________________________ T ables: 1. 2. E stablishm ents and w ork ers within scop e o f su rvey ___________ P ercen ts o f in cre a se in standard w eekly sa la ries and stra ig h t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups ------------------------------------------------------------------3. Indexes o f standard w eekly sa la ries and straig h t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r se le cte d occu pation al groups, and p ercen ts o f in cre a se fo r se le cte d p eriod s ____________ A - 3. O ccupational earn in gs:* A - 1. O ffice occu pation s—m en and w om en ________________ A - 2. P r o fe ssio n a l and tech n ical occu pation s—m en and wom en ______________________________________________ O ffice , p ro fe ssio n a l, and tech n ica l occu pation s—m en and wom en com bined ________________ A -4 . M aintenance and powerplant occu pation s _________________ A - 5. C ustodial and m a teria l m ovem ent occu pation s __________ 3 5 5 A: This bu lletin was p rep a red in the Bureau*s r e gion al o ffic e in B oston , M a ss. , by L eo Epstein, under the d ire ctio n o f Paul V . M ulkern, A ssistan t Regional D ir e c to r fo r W ages and Industrial R elations. B: 6 11 12 14 16 E stablishm ent p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p ro v isio n s:* B - l . Shift d ifferen tia ls ____________ B -2 . M inimum entrance sa la ries fo r wom en o ffic e w ork ers — B -3 . Scheduled w eekly hours __________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays ______________________________________________ B -5 . Paid vacations _________________ ..__________________________ B -6 . Health, in su ran ce, and pension plans ___________________ 19 20 21 22 23 25 Appendixes: A . Changes in occu pation al d e scrip tion s __________________________ B. O ccupational d escrip tion s ______________________________________ 27 29 * NOTE: S im ilar tabulations are available in the B oston a rea rep orts fo r e a r lie r p eriod s beginning with M arch 1951. Sim ilar rep orts are a lso available fo r other m a jo r a re a s. A d ir e c to r y indicating the a re a s , dates o f study and p r ic e s of these re p o rts is available upon requ est. C urrent rep orts on Occupational earnings and supplem entary wage p r a c tic e s in the B oston area a re a lso available fo r m ach in ery in d u stries (M arch 1961), con tra ct cleaning s e r v ic e s (June 1961), life in su ran ce (June 1961), paints and varn ish es (M ay 1961), candy and other co n fe ction ery products (N ovem ber I960), and women*s and m isses* d r e s s e s (August I960). Union s c a le s , in dicative o f p r e vailin g pay le v e ls , are available fo r the follow in g trades o r in du stries: Building con stru ction , printing, lo c a l-tr a n s it operating em p loyees, and m otortru ck d r iv e r s and h e lp e rs. 1 4 iii Occupational Wage Survey— Boston, Mass. Introduction This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U. S. De partment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted sur veys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area wide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field econom ists1 to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the con struction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -series tables) for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B-series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant workers. The concept "office workers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory 1 Data were obtained by mail from some of the smaller es workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin tablishments for which visits by Bureau field economists in the last istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant workers" in previous survey indicated employment in relatively few of the occu clude working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadpations studied. Unusual changes reported by mail were verified men and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, with employers. 1 2 executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing indus tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. Shift differential data (table B -l) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab lishment policy,2 presented in terms of total plant worker employ ment, and (b) effective practice, presented in terms of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the clas sification "other" was used. In establishments in which some lateshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance salaries (table B-2) relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented in terms of establish ments with formal minimum salary policies. The scheduled hours (table B-3) of a majority of the firstshift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or office workers of that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B-4 through B-6) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eli gible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual items in tables B-3 through B-6 may not equal totals be cause of rounding. The first part of the paid holidays table (table B-4) presents the number of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans (table B-5) is limited to for mal policies, excluding informal arrangements whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation pay, pay ments not on a time basis were so converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week*s pay. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (table B-6) for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen^ compen sation, social security, and railroad retirement. Such plans include those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those p ro vided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,3 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans 4 which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker*s pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors1 fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the worker*s life. 3 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 4 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time but informal sick-leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. were excluded. 3 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m ber stu died in B o s to n , M a s s ., 1 b y m a jo r in d u s try d iv is io n , 2 O cto b e r 1961 In d u stry d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s M in im um e m p loym en t in e s t a b lis h m ents in s c o p e o f study M an u factu rin g -------------------------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s 56 _________________________________________ W h o le s a le tr a d e ___________________________________________ R e ta il trade _______________________________________________ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te -----------------------------S e r v ic e s 7 _________________ _________________________________ W ithin s c o p e o f study W ith in scop e of stu d y1 3 2 Studied 1, 310 100 100 50 100 50 50 __________________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts N um ber o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts T o ta l4 O ffic e 267 453, 500 438 872 87 180 2 2 6 ,3 0 0 2 2 7 ,2 0 0 63 226 140 196 247 25 42 35 36 42 40, 000 24, 700 6 8 ,5 0 0 53, 200 4 0 ,8 0 0 Studied P lan t T o t a l4 96, 000 2 6 6 ,9 0 0 2 4 5 ,9 9 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 6 5 ,6 0 0 1 5 5 ,5 0 0 1 1 1 ,4 0 0 114, 450 131, 540 22, 700 10, 000 5 5 ,1 0 0 6 1, 900 21, 700 3 0 ,6 5 0 7, 750 4 5 ,7 8 0 31, 330 1 6,030 8, 7, 6, 35, 7, 200 700 900 800 000 1 T he B o s to n S tand ard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tica l A r e a c o n s is ts o f S u ffolk County, 15 co m m u n itie s in E s s e x County, 29 in M id d le s e x C ounty, 19 in N o rfo lk C ounty, and 9 in P lym ou th County. T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f stu dy" e s tim a te s show n in this table p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d ed in the s u rv e y . The e s tim a te s a r e not in ten ded, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f es ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f the s u rv ey . 2 The 1957 r e v i s e d ed itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u s e d in c la s s ify in g e sta b lis h m e n ts by in d u stry d iv isio n . M a jo r ch an ges f r o m the e a r l ie r ed ition (used in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s con du cted p r io r to July 1958) a r e the tr a n s fe r o f m ilk p a s te u r iz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e s ta b lis h m e n ts fr o m trade (w h o le s a le o r r e ta il) to m a n u fa ctu rin g , and the tr a n s fe r o f r a d io and t e le v is io n b r o a d ca s tin g f r o m s e r v ic e s to the tr a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilitie s d iv isio n . 3 In clu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em p loym en t at o r above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll o u tle ts (w ithin the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in such in d u s tr ie s as tra d e, fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n -p ic t u r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e stablish m en t. 4 In clu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and o th er w o r k e r s exclu d ed f r o m the se p a ra te o f fi c e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w ater tra n s p o rta tio n w e re e x clu d e d . B o s t o n 's tr a n s it s y s te m is m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a te d and is e x clu d e d by d efin ition fr o m the s c o p e o f the study. 6 E s tim a te r e la t e s to r e a l e s ta te e sta b lish m e n ts only. 7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; au to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and e n g in eerin g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 4 Wage Trends for Selected O ccupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The per centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; me chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled—janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series (table 2). This series initiated with the expansion of the labor market wage survey programs to 82 areas will replace the old series (1953 base) shown in table 3. Changes in the jobs surveyed and job descriptions since the start of the old series called for a reexamination of the jobs and job groupings for which trends were to be computed. The new series covers the same job groupings as the earlier series with the following exceptions: The women clerical group is replaced by an office clerical group (men and women) and the industrial nurse category includes both men and women. Changes were also made in the jobs included within job group ings in order that an identical list could be employed in all areas. 5 T a b le 2. P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in stan dard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-t im e h o u rly e a rn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s in B o s to n , M a s s ., O cto b e r I960 to O cto b e r 1961, and O cto b e r 1959 to O cto b e r I960 O cto b e r I960 to O c t o b e r 1961 Industry and o c c u p a tio n a l grou p T a b le 3. O c t o b e r 1959 to O c t o b e r I960 A ll in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c le r i c a l (m e n and w o m e n ) _________________ In d u stria l n u r s e s (m e n and w om en ) __ S k ille d m aintenance (m en ) ^ U n sk ille d plant (m en ) __ __ _ ...... 3.9 4.5 2.2 2.8 4 .9 4.1 4 .7 4.6 M an u factu rin g: O ffic e c le r i c a l (m e n and w o m e n ) _________________ In d u strial n u r s e s (m en and w om en ) __ S k ille d m aintenance (m en ) _________________________ U n sk ille d plant (m en ) _____ _ __ _ 3.3 4 .0 1.1 .7 4.0 4.1 4 .8 4.6 In d exes o f standard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s in B oston , M a s s ., O cto b e r 1961 and O cto b e r I960, and p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s Indexe s (M a rc h 1953 - 100) P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s f r o m — A p r il 1955 S e p te m b e r 1957 S e p te m b e r 1956 to to to S e p te m b e r 1957 S ep tem b er 1956 O c t o b e r 1958 M a rch 1954 to A p r il 1955 M arch 1953 to M arch 1954 O c t o b e r 1961 O cto b e r I960 A l l in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en ) ____________ In d u s tria l n u r s e s (w om en ) ________ S k illed m a in ten a n ce (m en ) ________ U n sk illed plant (m en ) ______________ 145.1 148.4 143.9 143.4 139.8 141.1 140.8 139.4 3.8 5.1 2.2 2.8 3.8 3.6 4.7 4.6 3.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 5.3 5.9 5.4 7.1 5.7 4.8 5.2 4.7 8.0 9.0 8.5 6.3 2.9 1.5 1.9 2 .4 5.2 6.5 5.3 5.1 M an u factu rin g: O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w om en ) ____________ In d u s tria l n u r s e s (w om en ) ________ S k ille d m a in ten a n ce (m en ) ________ U n sk illed plant (m en ) ______________ 141.7 146.4 143.6 141.2 137.4 140.0 142.1 139.6 3.1 4.6 1.1 1.2 3.8 3.6 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.6 4.6 6.5 5.3 7.9 6.1 4.1 5 .4 4.6 7.3 8.9 8.9 5.0 2.3 .7 1.9 3.1 4.4 7.2 5.6 5.5 O c t o b e r 1959 to O c t o b e r I960 O c t o b e r 1958 to O c t o b e r 1959 O c t o b e r I960 to O c t o b e r 1961 In du stry and o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p A : Occupational Earnings 6 Table A -l. O ffic e Occupation$-Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , Boston, M ass., O ctober 1961) Average Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF S s t $ $ $ $ $ $ ( t $ t $ $ $ $ $ s $ S $ Weekly. Weekly 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 45. OIL 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70J)0 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 o v e r Men . _ - C le rk s , accounting, c la s s A ___________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------W holesale trade __________________ R etail trade ---------------------------------Finance 2 _______________ __________ S e rv ice s ----------------------------------------- 759 151 608 107 55 125 83 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 37.0 36.5 39.5 C le rk s , accounting, cla s s B ________ ___ N o nmanufac tur ing ___________________ W holesale trade ---------------------------- 381 341 182 38.0 38.0 38.5 80.00 79.50 85.50 C lerk s , ord er __________________________ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ W holesale trade __________________ 549 192 357 347 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 92.00 90.00 93.50 93.50 C le rk s , p ayroll —------------------------------------ 68 38.5 95.50 O ffice boys _ ___________________________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ____ ______________ Pu blic u tilities 3 _________________ W holesale trade __________________ Finance 2 _______________ ________ S e rv ice s __________________________ 823 210 613 44 75 272 193 38.0 38.5 38.0 39.0 38.5 36.5 39.0 55.00 56.00 54.50 56.50 59.50 53.50 53.50 4 4 - 206 170 14 12 75 59 248 47 201 5 14 117 55 151 61 90 8 21 26 30 Tabulating -m achine ope r ator s , c la s s A _________________ _____ ________ Manufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ___________________ F in a n ce 2 --------------------------------------- 316 142 174 91 38.0 39.5 37.0 37.0 94.50 96.00 93.50 84.50 _ - - - - _ - Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s B ___________________ _____ _____ _ Manufacturing -----------------------------------N onm anufacturing _______ __________ W holesale trade ---------------------------Finance 2 --------------------------------------- 485 159 326 60 204 38.0 39.0 37.5 39.5 37.0 79.00 82.00 77.50 90.00 72.50 - - 2 1 1 10 " 10 8 32 2 30 1 26 Tabulating - m achine ope r ato r s , c la s s C ______ ___________ ____ _____ M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ R etail trade ______________________ Finance 2 ________________ __________ 257 82 175 52 93 38.0 39.5 37.5 38.5 36.5 68.00 71.00 66.50 64.50 63.00 1 1 1 19 1 18 3 15 36 5 31 13 15 50 22 28 7 19 See footnotes at end of table, $99 .00 99.00 99.00 103.00 _ 88.00 84.50 ' 93.00 - - - _ - - “ 5 5 1 4 - 1 1 1 - 8 8 7 1 56 9 47 13 7 24 " 46 3 43 6 8 15 13 42 3 39 7 _ 29 2 73 18 55 11 6 10 25 79 30 49 11 22 1 12 62 7 55 6 2 23 10 5? 25 34 10 2 2 “ 108 14 84 3 1 9 77 6 71 5 1 4 l 59 5 54 1 3 1 4 50 11 29 12 6 6 6 5 1 - 16 16 6 1 3 ' 4 4 3 1 ~ 5 5 5 ~ 3 3 3 ~ 26 26 18 24 22 " 22 17 " 51 50 14 67 67 54 35 27 18 30 27 17 14 10 ~ 50 40 6 3 3 3 7 - 3 3 3 20 20 20 7 7 7 6 6 6 13 13 13 ! 1 2 2 2 . - _ - - 5 5 5 28 16 12 12 25 16 9 9 29 15 14 14 78 20 58 58 35 14 21 21 73 19 54 53 68 10 58 54 62 34 28 23 29 4 25 25 26 15 11 11 15 1 14 14 10 3 7 7 17 7 10 10 21 16 5 5 1 1 5 5 5 2 2 ~ 20 20 20 5 3 6 23 15 3 4 1 6 . _ . 2 . _ 18 11 7 6 1 10 6 4 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 • 1 1 “ - - 5 5 - - - - - - - * - 5 “ - • “ ' ~ - • - 4 4 4 10 3 7 7 31 3 28 28 37 12 25 18 39 19 20 10 36 22 14 6 49 33 16 7 56 32 24 3 21 4 17 8 9 6 3 " 6 3 3 - 8 3 5 - 1 1 - 4 1 3 - 2 2 - 1 1 - 2 2 • 74 7 67 52 97 23 74 15 56 75 40 35 5 24 44 22 22 4 11 49 23 26 6 16 41 24 17 11 - 15 10 5 3 35 6 29 9 8 6 6 5 - 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 * - 2 2 2 - - - 52 47 17 30 8 18 13 2 11 5 2 10 6 4 - 16 15 1 - 7 7 - 4 4 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ i _ _ 40 137 38 — r ~ 34 99 6 9 5 11 17 37 40 6 ! ! : • 12 40 15 24 i1 1 1 7 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations-Men and Women—Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a re a basis by industry division , Boston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Sex, occupation, and industry d iv isio n Weekly. Weekly . hours4 earnings (Standard) (Standard) 40.00 45.00 50.00 and under 45.00 50.00 55.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 223 185 38.5 38.5 38.5 57.00 56.00 79 181 123 38.0 37.0 36.5 81.00 68.00 65.00 1, 323 232 1, 091 284 67 707 38.0 38.5 38.0 39.0 37.5 37.5 64.00 62.50 70.00 61.50 59.50 150 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s A M anufacturing ___________ N onmanuf acturin g _______ P u blic u tilities 2 _____ W h olesale trade _____ R etail trade __________ F inance 2 --------------------S e r v i c e s _______ ____ _ 1, 404 492 912 72 85 153 418 184 38.0 39.0 37.0 38.5 38.5 38.0 37.0 36.5 82.50 14 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s B M anufacturing ________ ___ Nonm anufacturing _______ P u blic u tilities 3 _____ W holesale t r a d e ______ R etail trade __________ F in a n ce 2 --------------------S e r v i c e s ___________ ___ 2, 097 1, 683 157 315 421 610 180 38.0 "3 5 T 38.0 39.0 39.0 37.5 37.0 37.5 66.50 T o3o 65.50 78.50 100 321 231 59 38.5 39.5 38.0 38.0 39.0 68.50 71.00 68.00 64.00 73.50 w 71.00 75.00 85.00 82 “W 33 32 74 ” 4034 15 "3 0 T 39.0 39.5 B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) N onm anufacturing R etail t r a d e ___ 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 $ 95.00 1 0 0 .0 0 105.00 110.00 115.00 120 .0 0 125,10 0 ^ 30 5 . 00140.00145 i. 01 i.OO 30.'. 0 0 1 335.01 and $70 .50 413 1 Vf 246 164 B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) M anufacturing N onmanuf acturin g W holesale trade ______ 60.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 28 F 22 17 22 "TF 33 33 16 B ook keepin g-m a ch in e o p era tors , M anufacturing N onm anufacturing F in a n ce 2 ______ T 60 48 B ook keepin g-m a ch in e o p era tors, M anufacturing ________________ N onm anufacturing ___________ W h olesale trade ___________ R etail trade _______________ F inance 2 __________________ C lerk s, file , c la s s A 4 M anufacturing _____ N onm anufacturing F inance 2 ________ S e r v ic e s ________ See footnotes at end of table. !T 4 237 308 216 14 14 188 263 23 24 201 ZT T F 71.56 1 69.00 64 22 237 3(5” 258 404 ~ 15 “ 3F 321 233 12 4 37 39 62 58 118 170 2 52 19 103 52 241 ~TT 170 2 IT 3 15 21 86 166 "I T 112 66 82.00 95.00 86.50 79.50 78.00 86.00 62.00 61.50 69.00 260 “ IF 241 122 4 362 “ 35 307 21 53 46 135 52 6 23 137 2 271 ~W 176 27 35 23 53 38 204 226 97 “ 32" 144 107 1 7 29 38 18 22 61 48 27 185 4? 143 15 71 20 18 19 146 ~W 108 20 10 70 3 5 20 —F 14 6 6 TT 149 10 22 14 75 28 38 76 22 3 2 30 19 128 5T 77 9 1 2 26 39 F 51 45 2 3 19 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 8 Table A-1. O ffice Occupations-Men and Women-—Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , B oston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) Average Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of workers NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF S $ S $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ % 1 K $ $ $ $ » $ Weekly, Weekly 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 55. 00 6 0 .0 0 65.0 0 70.00 75. 00 80. 00 85. bO 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 hours 1 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55.00 6 0.00 6 5.00 7 0.00 75.0 0 8 0.00 85.00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 ov er W om en— C ontinued C lerk s, file , cla s s B 4 . M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing _ W holesale trade R etail trade . F in a n ce 2 . 1,095 927 129 137 520 3 8 .0 39 .0 37. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 37 .0 $ 57. 50 63.0 0 56. 50 6 1.00 50. 50 55.00 C lerk s, file , cla s s C 4 M anufacturing _____ Nonm anufacturing W holesale trade . R etail t r a d e ____ F in a n ce 2 ________ 1,057 151 906 85 79 658 3 8.0 3 8 .5 37. 5 3 9 .0 37. 5 37. 5 53.00 58.00 52. 00 56.00 52.00 51. 50 C lerk s, o rd er M anufacturing __ Nonm anufacturing _ W holesale trade R etail t r a d e ____ 522 233 289 152 83 38. 5 3 9 .0 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 8.0 70.0 0 71. 50 68. 50 7 3 .0 0 58.00 38. 5 3 9.0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 9.0 37. 5 36. 5 3 9 .0 72. 50 71. 50 73. 50 90. 00 80. 50 67. 50 70. 50 7 7 .0 0 C lerk s, pa y roll ______ M a n u fa c tu r in g _____ Nonm anufacturing _ P ublic u tilities 3 , W holesale trade R etail trade ____ Finance 2 . S erv ices C om ptom eter op erators M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing . •W holesale trade R etail trade F in a n ce2 . 1,110 522T 488 33 57 175 101 122 1,093 402 691 170 327 61 3 8 .0 38. 5 37. 5 3 8 .5 36. 5 3 7 .0 6 9.00 6 8.00 7 0.00 70. 50 63. 50 56. 50 D uplicating-m achine op erators (M im eograph o r D it t o ) ____ ___ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________ 91 53 38. 5 8 8 .0 6 1 .0 0 59. 50 Keypunch op erators cla s s A 4 , M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing _ W holesale trade R etail trade ____ Finance 2 825 329 496 65 105 257 7 3 .0 0 38. 5 3 9 .0 7 8 .5 0 72. 50 38 .0 3 8 .0 i 8 0.00 66. 50 3 8 .0 3 7 .0 ! 68.5 0 1 i See footnotes at end of table, 13 - 13 - 10 3 20 - 20 12 8 " . - 202 - 202 12 63 124 336 7 329 - 16 300 15 - 15 - 15 _ 8 - - 12 8 _ 8 - 101 239 50 189 43 4 99 128 29 99 12 8 42 42 18 24 13 4 6 38 2b 18 13 3 2 356 37 319 15 29 236 222 68 154 22 17 99 71 10 61 19 9 21 34 11 23 17 10 10 8 8 35 2 33 3 30 41 24 17 6 10 91 42 49 19 11 74 30 44 23 2 123 54 69 64 ” 21 5 16 98 71 27 194 111 83 197 12b 77 - - - - 13 3 " 23 3 162 97 65 4 3 27 24 7 11 43 9 20 7 17 19 34 245 24 221 17 45 143 186 27 159 18 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 46 26 20 5 12 48 28 20 17 3 16 16 7 7 - - 140 91 49 4 4 19 11 111 38 73 2 12 31 13 15 80 48 32 2 11 192 101 91 30 52 9 210 103 107 39 60 6 98 46 52 19 28 1 158 63 95 19 58 34 9 25 11 9 24 5 19 14 5 5 5 2 12 - - 12 ” 25 10 62 22 40 3 24 13 “ 11 “ 26 23 15 5 9 7 10 9 8 7 2 “ “ 4 42 6 36 98 23 75 180 73 107 8 34 63 190 65 125 22 29 73 156 110 46 7 2 35 66 3b 36 3 5 6 _ _ . - . - - 4 10 1 4 17 129 30 99 24 53 22 44 9 35 - - - _ - 1 3 7 29 27 48 36 l6 20 12 52 31 21 8 6 1 - 6 107 3 104 2 - 43 3 40 6 6 1 5 5 22 2 20 7 - 7 6 8 3 5 5 - 4 1 3 3 12 _ - - 3 3 12 5 5 5 - „ 3 6 3 3 2 5 1 4 - 4 - 4 7 6 - 1 - 3 - 3 5 1 9 4 5 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 - - 2 l 3 3 3 - - - ! - 1 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - " ■ “ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - . _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - . . _ _ _ . 9 Table A-1. O ffice Occupations~Men and Women—Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a re a basis by industry d ivision , B oston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) Averagb Sex, occupation, and in du stry d iv isio n Number of workers Weekly earnings (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF * S *40.00 *45.00 *50.00 *55.00 *60.00 *65.00 *70.00 *75.00 *80.00 *85.00 *90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 525.00 130.00 535.00 540.00 {45.00 and and under 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 over W om ens—Continued Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s B 4 — M anufacturing _ — Nonm anufacturing - P u blic u tilities 3 __________________ W holesale t r a d e ___________________ R etail t r a d e _______________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing _ — ----------R etail trade _______________________ 1. 166 373 793 183 119 111 38 .5 39 .0 38 .0 3 8 .5 39 .0 3 8 .0 $64 .00 66. 00 63.00 7 1 .0 0 65.50 55.50 333 37 0 60 00 496 77 419 55 37. 5 3 9 .0 3 7.0 3 8.5 54.50 57.50 54.00 51.50 32^ 36 5 54 00 S e c r e ta r ie s „ — _ __ M anufacturing ____ ... N onm anufacturing - — - _ P u blic u tilities 3 __________________ W holesale t r a d e ___________________ R etail trade _______________________ F in a n c e 2 _ _ _ . S e r v ic e s . . . . .. 6. 244 2, 341 3,903 377 522 250 1, 518 1, 236 3 8.0 3 8 .5 3 7.5 3 8.5 3 9 .0 37 .5 3 6.5 3 7.5 86.00 87.50 84.50 9 9.00 84. 50 85.00 82.50 83.00 S tenograp hers, g e n e r a l4 _ — . — -----------M anufacturing _ _ _____ _ N onm anufacturing ____________ _.______ P u blic u t ilit ie s 3 ------- - ------W holesale trade — . — — . R etail trade . . . _ Fina nre ^ 2. 597 1, 038 1, 559 162 335 111 774 177 3 8.0 3 8.5 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 37. 5 36. 5 39 .5 71. 50 73.5 0 70. 50 86. 50 74.00 6 7.00 66. 50 68.50 S tenograp hers, s e n io r 4 M anufacturing .. . . . __ ___ N onm anufac tur i n g ___________________ F in a n c e 2 ___ _. _. ____ __ S er v ic e s . . . . . . . 925 316 609 302 197 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 7 .5 3 7 .0 3 8.5 76 .5 0 80.00 7 5.00 70.50 7 8.00 Sw itchboard op era tors _ . . . . M a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________ N onm anufacturing ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ PiiKlir iitiliH ea ^ W holesale trade . . ____ R etail t r a d e _______________________ F in a n ra * S n rvif ah ...... 844 193 651 113 65 128 226 119 3 8 .0 3 9.0 3 8 .0 39. 5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 36. 5 3 8 .5 70. 50 7 7.00 68.00 82. 50 73. 50 61.50 67. 00 6 l! 50 See footnotes at end of table, - _ 9 1 8 8 2 2 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ 3 3 _ - _ _ _ - - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 699 176 523 28 86 17 259 133 945 334 611 23 72 39 240 237 760 270 490 36 31 33 234 156 959 505 454 13 100 24 163 154 795 439 356 23 25 29 135 144 559 226 333 88 18 20 120 87 304 154 150 27 25 8 61 29 168 40 128 28 27 5 43 25 112 25 87 20 4 4 18 41 134 48 86 12 17 20 25 12 76 9 67 55 3 3 3 3 447 156 291 13 38 32 141 67 535 211 324 10 88 18 163 45 282 123 159 25 43 20 54 17 396 309 87 28 27 3 23 6 91 49 42 13 13 _ 14 2 75 8 67 33 10 _ 24 34 1 33 25 5 _ 2 1 22 1 21 10 10 1 19 2 17 2 15 8 8 2 6 _ 1 _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 115 13 102 78 14 147 27 120 79 13 134 52 82 38 34 163 61 102 30 68 131 55 76 38 33 112 79 33 11 14 35 20 15 8 5 7 1 6 1 2 25 3 22 2 2 13 1 12 _ 4 12 12 _ 5 2 2 _ _ " 128 14 114 142 19 123 12 12 21 61 17 104 49 55 14 7 2 26 6 131 44 87 16 11 19 26 15 53 20 33 16 49 30 19 6 6 5 2 57 10 47 39 7 _ 16 4 12 8 6 2 4 1 _ 1 _ _ 4 1 _ 1 2 164 53 111 3 40 2 63 108 53 55 10 12 3 15 80 42 38 26 6 163 24 139 18 132 12 120 11 92 78 17 61 14 43 58 3 55 2 50 5 3 2 2 48 14 34 2 18 4 2 2 _ 1 1 63 63 _ 4 7 15 37 179 5 174 3 14 13 76 68 394 87 307 4 70 22 123 88 74 7 67 6 1 58 2 231 45 186 36 16 130 4 380 126 254 _ 37 20 164 33 5 5 - 21 _ 21 17 2 64 64 63 1 62 1 - - _ _ 1 1 1 - - _ 11 11 19 19 2 1 1 _ _ - 254 97 157 11 41 17 68 - _ 9 56 5 51 49 2 278 iz 216 27 7 46 1 27 _ - _ 15 12 3 2 1 178 37 141 48 3 43 47 118 _ _ - 20 9 11 7 4 10 _ 10 3 7 _ 19 12 10 4 38 19 22 20 5 17 73 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 4 13 7 2 17 12 5 4 1 2 2 - 7 _ 7 _ 2 2 _ 3 10 _ 10 1 _ 1 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 1 1 1 - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6 5 12 2 _ - 42 5 37 5 21 2 9 ! 1 1 ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 10 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations-Men and Women—Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Boston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) Averagk Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly. earnings1 TSS (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF 40.00 *45.00 *50.00 *55.00 *60.00 *65.00 *70.00 *75.00 *80.00 *85.00 *90.00 *95.00 *100.00 105.00 *110.00 115.00 120.00 125. OO*130.00 ^35.00 ^40.00 \45.00 and and under 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.0q 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 o v e r W omen— Continued 2 15 10 4 4 19 10 9 8 29 lo 9 9 38 20 18 14 5 9 16 15 9 2 1 -• - 26 15 11 2 18 5 18 10 - - 5 4 1 30 2 1 1 7 21 1 20 7 79 1 78 36 41 75 8 67 25 - 24 92. 50 " 2 - 3 8 .0 " " - 52 " 6 2 4 3 - T a bulating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s A — --------- — ------------------ — - 3 3 - 2 2 - 14 2 12 10 - 8 8 8 - 46 41 5 5 " $68 .0 0 6 9.50 6 7 .0 0 69. 00 59.00 65 .5 0 69 .0 0 _ 98 42 56 24 2 7 20 81 52 29 12 6 11 ' 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 6 .0 3 7 .5 . 192 105 87 44 17 2 18 34 34 12 8 14 818 342 476 193 61 94 116 - 214 44 170 63 4 42 59 115 51 64 19 12 32 1 4 4 4 " M anufacturing . — —------- ------------ -------Nonmanufacturing ____ — —— ~ ------. . . W holesale trade __________ _ R etail trade ------- — — . ------Finance 2 - — ,___ ______ — — S e rv ice s __________ . — Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s B - ____ . . _______ ____ ____ M anufacturing — — — — N onm anufacturing . . . . . --------------- . . . . . — F in a n ce 2 ------------------------------------------------- 3 8 .0 76. 50 350 71 - 3 9 7 0 “ T S T S T 3 7 .5 74. 00 279 7 3 .0 0 3 6 .5 110 - - - - - - 24 2 Tabulating-m achine op e ra to rs , clsiss c ___________ ^____ JI, rlJ|-1_llJ, tlliJ. , . r, Nonmanufacturing . . . . . — ---------— — . Finance 2 _________ ..... -------. . . . 293 248 99 3 7 .0 3 7 .0 35 .5 61.00 60.00 60. 50 _ - 16 16 16 81 81 6 68 49 13 56 53 41 12 8 6 19. 16 16 14 9 T ran scribin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs, general _____________ . . . . . . . _____ _____—— M anufacturing — ---- ---------- ------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------— Pu blic u tilities 3 ____________ _________ W holesale trade ----------------------------------F in a n ce 2 — ------- 935 299 636 30 58 383 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 67.50 69. 50 66. 50 83.50 83.50 62.00 11 105 15 90 121 22 99 195 52 143 5 145 48 97 100 73 27 3 19 63 13 50 3 6 3 T ypists, c la s s A _______ ___________ ______ M anufacturing ------------------------ ------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------- . . . -----W holesale t r a d e ---- ----------------------Finance 2 __ — —— . . ---------S e r v i c e s ----------------------------------------- 1. 352 363 989 70 516 330 3 7 .5 3 9 .5 3 7 .0 3 9 .0 36 .5 3 7 .0 70 .0 0 68. 50 70. 50 72. 00 6 9 .0 0 7 0.00 T yp ists, c la s s B _________ ___ ____ — M anufacturing ----------- . . . --------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------- -----------------------— Public u tilities 3 ______________________ W holesale trade _____________ _________ Retail trade ------------------------------------------Finan c c ^ iiimrmm_, S e rv ice s ______ _ ---------- . . ---------- 4. 173 1, 084 3,089 71 355 2 42 2, 147 274 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7.5 4 0 .0 3 9.5 3 8 .5 3 7 .0 3 9 .5 60. 00 6 4.50 5 8.50 69. 50 6 3.00 59. 50 56. 50 61. 50 1 2 3 4 _ . - - _ - . - - - 11 - - - - - " ” " " 1 1 6 - - - 1 1 - - - 8 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 7 7 - 5 - - - - - - 7 7 - 5 - - - - - - 7 7 - 5 - - - - - - 8 1 7 6 1 1 _ _ _ . _ _ _ 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - ' - - _ _ . _ - - - - 8 271 82 189 13 132 37 213 70 143 3 81 55 154 45 109 5 45 49 84 24 60 4 14 34 42 4 38 8 12 18 56 4 52 2 15 7 30 2 24 - - - 1 • - 846 1013 217 111 735 796 3 5 22 57 65 72 586 609 15 97 955 278 677 4 123 34 425 91 463 157 306 15 101 29 121 40 214 93 121 23 21 31 37 9 227 160 67 19 20 2 15 47 39 8 2 43 19 24 5 _ . - - . _ 5 - - - - 5 5 - - - - - - 1 11 5 16 3 6 6 - 13 12 - *“ - - - - ' - - - “ - - - - * - 1 319 87 232 6 123 93 - - - - 154 45 109 21 52 36 13 - - - - - 1 62 - - - - 9 - Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees re c e iv e their regular straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings co rre sp o n d to these w eekly h ours. F inan ce, insurance, and re a l estate. T ransportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. D escrip tion fo r this jo b has been re v ise d sin ce the last su rvey in this a rea. See appendix A. - 98 6 1 9 337 3 - _ - 72 - 5 75 - 6 35 23 _ - 127 61 66 3 26 34 11 360 10 350 - - _ 1 1 1 - - 11 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations-Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry division , B oston, M a ss., O ctober 1961)1 3 2 AveiIAQE Sex, occu pation , and industry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly Weekly Under 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 $90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 hours l earnings1 $ (Standard) (Standard) 70.00 under 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 $ 175.00 and over Men - _ - ~ _ ~ 7 7 - 26 24 2 “ _ “ 52 45 7 4 68 63 5 5 47 30 17 16 - - 9 9 5 D raftsm en, lea d er ------------------------— M anufacturing ___ ____ Nonm anufacturing --------------------S er v ic e s _____________________ 747 281 466 453 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 $ 154.00 146.50 158.50 158.50 D raftsm en, sen ior _______________ M anufacturing __________________ N onm anufacturing - _____________ S er v ic e s _____________________ 2, 127 1 ,1 6 3 964 857 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 128.00 130.50 124.50 124.50 D raftsm en, ju n ior _________________ M anufacturing __________________ N onm anufacturing ______________ S er v ic e s ___________________ 897 535 362 320 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.0 94.00 90.50 99.00 99.00 T r a c e r s ______ ________ ________ N onm anufacturing _____________ S e r v ic e s . _ .. 56 50 47 40.0 40.0 40.0 65.50 43 65750 38 62.50 338 282 192 90 39.0 39.5 38.0 91.50 92.50 - _ _ . “ " _ " 4 4 “ 23 23 " 11 9 2 2 28 25 3 3 31 29 2 28 24 4 4 44 39 5 5 26 18 8 7 55 15 40 40 20 10 10 10 106 4 102 100 44 4 40 37 137 2 135 128 26 19 7 7 57 35 22 22 50 32 18 15 104 70 34 30 125 71 54 44 221 168 53 50 142 53 89 60 235 61 174 167 209 52 157 155 140 13 127 124 211 121 90 67 166 93 73 66 102 79 23 21 51 24 27 20 54 45 9 8 34 33 1 106 76 30 22 47 30 17 15 125 56 69 67 123 86 37 25 118 53 65 62 67 36 31 30 28 17 11 8 32 17 15 9 34 _ 34 33 24 24 9 9 9 _ . - _ _ _ _ _ 51 32 19 43 34 9 53 39 14 57 44 13 5 3 2 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ " _ . _ _ 19 15 4 16 5 11 3 ------ 3“ 50 26 _ 32 33 32 32 33 33 78 77 1 1 36 33 3 _ _ 125 *75 50 50 53 53 - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - W om en N u rses, industria l (re g is te r e d ) __ M anufacturing __________________ N onm anufacturing ______________ 9 2 .0 0 8 3 5 - 5 10 5 5 3 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e ce iv e their regular straigh t-tim e sa la r ie s and the earnings c o rre sp o n d to these w eekly hours. 2 W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s : 2 at $175 to $180; 6 at $180 to $19 0; 32 at $ 190 to $20 0; 31 at $20 0 to $21 0; 4 at $21 5 to $220. 3 W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 2 at $ 50 to $ 55; 15 at $ 55 to $ 60; 21 at $ 60 to $ 65. . _ _ _ _ 12 Table A-3, O ffice, Professional, and Technical Occupations-Men and Women Combined (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , B oston, M ass., O ctober 1961) Number of worker* O ccupation and industry divisio n Average weekly j earning* (Standard) 413 167 246 164 $70.50 69.50 71.00 75.00 273 ..... 223 185 60.00 57.00 56.00 Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ Finanre ^ _____ ,_______________________________ 263 79 184 126 72.00 81.00 68.00 65.00 B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs, cla s s B ------------M anufacturing ___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing --- ----------------------------------------W^in|pealp rraHp Retail trade . _ _ _____ __ ____ Finance 2 _ __ _ _____ _ _ _________ 1, 364 232 1. 132 313 67 719 64.00 71.50 62.50 69.50 61.50 59.50 C lerk s, accounting, cla s s A ---------------------------------M anufacturing ____________________ ___ ________ — N onm anufacturing ______________________________ W)\a 1» a91a tra^A Retail trade Finance 2 _____________________________________ S e r v ic e s _ _ ....... _ _________ 2, 163 643 1, 520 192 208 543 267 88.50 87.00 89.00 95.50 81.50 79.50 88.00 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s B _______________ _______ M anufacturing __ ______________________________ Nr»nrpa.mifscouring - Public u tilities 3 _____________________________ W holesale trade _ _ _ __ R etail trade __________________________________ .F inance 2 ______________ __________ _____________ S e r v ic e s *____ _______ _______ _________ ___ ____ ______ 2, 478 454 2, 024 211 497 438 657 221 68.50 71.50 68.00 81.00 75.00 62.00 62.00 69.00 432 101 331 234 64 68.50 71.50 68.00 64.00 73.00 1, 119 168 951 129 137 534 57.50 63.00 56.50 61.00 50.50 55.50 B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) ______________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ ___ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ B ookkeeping-m achine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A ________ C le r k s , file , c la s s A 4 ________ _______ __________ __ _ M anufacturing __.------------------------------------------------F in a n c e ^ _ ___ ---------------------- ---------------- C le r ic s , f il e , c l a s s B 4 M a n u fa c tu r in g . . NrtnrYifl m i f a r h i r i n g . . _ ___________ ___________ W holesale trade ______________________________ R e ta il tra d e F in a n c e 2 _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table, Number of worker* Average weekly . earnings (Standard) O ffice boys and g ir ls _________________________________ Manufacturing _ ___ N onm anufacturing --------------------------------------------------Public u tilities 3 ________________________________ W holesale trade ------------------------------------------------R etail trade -----------------------------------------------------Finance 2_________________________________________ S erv ices r _ _ ____ 1, 319 287 1, 032 51 82 84 595 220 $55 .00 56.50 54.50 56.50 58.50 52.00 54.00 54.50 S e cre ta ries _ ___ _ _ _ _ ___ Manufacturing ______________________________________ N onm anufacturing _________________________________ Public u tilities 3 ________________________________ W holesale trade ------------------------------------------------R etail trade ____________ __ ________________ __ __ _ Finance 2 ________________________________________ S e rv ice s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 6, 245 2, 341 3, 904 377 522 251 1,518 1,236 86.00 87.50 84.50 99.00 84.50 85.00 82.50 83.00 Stenographers, g e n e r a l4 _____________________________ Manufacturing _ ................ _ _ __ Nonm am ifarturing ......... ........... .. _ _ Public u tilities 3 ________________________________ W holesale trade ________________________________ R etail trade ___________________________ _______ —_ Finance 2 S e rv ice s . 2, 620 1, 048 1, 572 166 335 111 774 186 72.00 73.50 70.50 87.00 74.00 67.00 66.50 70.00 Stenographers, s e n i o r 4 ______________________________ Manufacturing ______________________________________ N onm anufacturing _________________________________ Finance 2 . - 928 318 610 302 197 76.50 80.00 75.00 70.50 78.00 Switchboard op e r a to r s ------------------------------------------------M anufacturing ______________________________________ N onm anufacturing _________________________________ Public u tilities 3 ________________________________ W holesale trade ________________________________ R etail trade _____________________________________ 847 193 654 116 65 128 226 119 70.50 77.00 68.50 83.00 73.50 61.50 67.00 61.50 818 342 476 193 61 94 116 68.00 69.50 67.00 69.00 59.00 65.50 69.00 Average weekly . earning* (Standard) O ccupation and industry d iv ision O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations S e r v ic e s -------------- Number of worker* O ccupation and industry d ivision __________ ___ _ __________ O ffic e occu pation s— Continued C le rk s, file , c la s s C 4 ______________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______________________________ R etail trade ___________________________________ F in a n ce 2 ____________________________ ________ C le rk s, o rd e r _______________________________________ M anufacturing ___________________________________ 1,076 ‘ $53.00 151 58.00 925 52.00 85 56.00 52.00 79 677 51.50 1, 071 425 646 499 88 81.50 80.00 82.00 87.50 60.00 C le rk s, p a y ro ll --------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing -----------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing _______________________________________ Public u tilities 3 __ ___ _____ Whole sale trade ____________ _______________ -__ R etail trade _ _ __ _ Finance 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1, 178 656~ 522 48 69 175 104 126 73.50 72.50 75.00 94.00 83.50 67.50 71.00 77.00 Com ptom eter o p e ra to rs ------------------------------------------Manufacturing _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing W holesale trade ______________________________ Retail trade .... . .. . __ . _ _ _ .. .. 1, 093 402 691 170 327 61 69.00 68.00 70.00 70.50 63.50 56.50 101 53 61.00 59.50 841 329 512 65 113 265 72.50 73.50 72.00 80.00 66.00 68.00 1, 167 374 793 183 119 111 333 64.00 66.00 63.00 71.00 65.50 55.50 60.00 W holesale trade ----------------------------------------------R etail trade ___________________________ __ ____ Duplicating -m achine o p erators (M im eograph o r Ditto) ____________________________ Manufacturing _ _ _______ ___. ... .... . Keypunch o p e ra to rs, c la s s A 4 _____________________ N onm anufacturing _______________________________ W holesale trade ----------------------------------------------R e t a il tr a d e _______ _ Keypunch o p e ra to rs, cla s s B 4 _____________________ Manufacturing . _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing ________ _____________________ P u h lic u t il it ie s 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ W holesale trade ----------------------------------------------Retail t r a d e .......................... _ F in a n c e 2 _ _ ____________________________________________ F in a n c e 2 „ , _ _ ____ ___ 1(Switchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts -------------------------j M anufacturing ______________________________________ I N onm anufacturing _________________________________ | W h o le sa le tra d e I I R etail trade -------------------------------------------------------Financ 6 ^ _nrr-_j _■»wt S e r v ic e s ________________________________________ _______ ___________ _ _ 13 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations-Men and Women Combined— Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a re a basis by industry divisio n , B oston , M ass. , O cto b e r 1961) O ccupation and industry d iv isio n Number of worker* Average weekly earnings (Standard) , Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , cla s s A M a n u fa c t u r in g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------F inan ce 1 2 _____________________ _____ 368 148 220 131 T a bulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B -----------M anufacturing ________________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------------------W holesale t r a d e ___——_____________________ Finan ce 2 ____________________________________ 835 230 605 98 314 78. 00 8 3.00 76.0 0 83.50 72. 50 Tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s C M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ R etail trade ______________________ 550 127 423 63 64. 50 70.00 62.50 66. 50 61. 50 192 1 2 3 4 of Average weekly earning* (Standard) , 935 299 636 30 58 383 $ 94. 96. 92. 85. 00 50 50 50 67.50 69.50 66. 50 83. 50 83. 50 62. 00 T yp ists, cla s s A M anufacturing 1,354 363 991 70 517 331 __ —_ — _____ ,____ .. t r a d e _____ — _— _______ N n n m a n i if a r t n r in g W holesale f? p r v ir p s T yp ists, c la s s B ___________________ _____________ __ ________________ ________________ — —— __ _ __ __ Nonmanufacturing Pu blic utilities 3 W holesale t r a d e R etail trade __________________________________ F in a n ce 2 S e rv ice s 4 , 190 1,087 3, 103 80 355 246 2, 147 275 $ 7 0 .0 0 68. 50 70. 50 7 2 .0 0 69.0 0 7 0.00 N r m m a n u fa c tu r in g S e rv ice s __ __ __ _ __ _ ______ _________ _ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ Mm j_[T_,rnu_M t- J_ — ■^■m jrm i* __________________ _____... —____,______ — . P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations D r a fts m e n , le a d e r M a n u fa c tu r in g N n n n n a n u fa c t u r in g S e r v ic e s ... _ _ __ __ __ _ — 749 zk r 468 455 ____ _ ___,_____ . _ _ _ ________ ______ _ ______ ____________ ___ D ra ftsm en, se n io r M anufacturing _________ _________ 6 0.00 D raftsm en, ju n ior 50" M anufacturing 58.50 Nonm anufacturing 70.0 0 S e rv ice s 63.0 0 59. 50 56. 50 61. 50 Tr3C6fS Nonm anufacturing S e rv ice s 154.00 146. 50 158.50 158.50 Earnings a re fo r a reg u la r w ork w eek fo r which em ployees r e c e iv e their straigh t-tim e w eekly s a la r ie s , e xclu sive o f any prem iu m pay. F in an ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l estate. T ran sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilities. D e scrip tio n fo r this jo b has been re v is e d since the last survey in this area. See appendix A. O ccupation and industry d ivision . worker* Average weekly earning*1 (Standard) 2,149 1, 173 976 869 $127.50 130. 50 124.50 124.00 922 557 365 322 93.50 90. 50 98. 50 99.00 57 50 47 66.00 65. 50 62. 50 282 192 90 92.00 91. 50 92. 50 Number of P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations— Continued O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occu pation s— Continued T r a n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , general M a n u fa c t u r in g -------- ------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------- ---------------P u blic u tilities 3 _ 4____________________ W holesale t r a d e _____________________ Number O ccupation and industry d ivision , N u r s e s in d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) M a n u fa c tu r in g N n n m a n u fa c tu r in g 14 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , B oston, M a ss., O ctober 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry division Number of worker* $ Average hourly , Unde* 1.40 earnings $ and 1.40 605 334 271 31 170 $2.79 2.67 2.92 2.65 3.19 E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance ------------------M anufacturing ______________________ N onm anufacturing ---------------------------- 976 756 190 94 2.87 2.88 2.80 2 9? E n gin eers, stationary _________________ M anufacturing ____________________ — N onm anufacturing ---------------------------- 355 209“ 146 2.77 2.78 2.76 53 3 -0 6 546 324 222 115 2.33 2.30 2.39 2.71 709 516 193 119 2.24 2.21 2.32 2.43 299 299 2.75 2.75 C arp enters, m aintenance — -------------— M anufacturing _______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________ *----------R etail trade ______________________ F irem en , station ary b o ile r ____________ M anufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ ■PuHlir ^ H elpers, m aintenance trades __________ M anufacturing ______________________ N onm anufacturing __________________ P i i h l i r n t il if ip R ^ M ach in e-tool o p era tors , to o lro o m ____ M anufacturing ______________________ M achinists, m aintenance ______________ M anufacturing ______________________ N onm anufacturing ---------------------------P ii h l i p n H li H p s ^ M echanics, autom otive (m aintenance) _________________________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------P u blic u tilities 2 _____________________ W holesale trade _____________________ M echanics, maintenance __________________ M anufacturing ________________________ . . . N onm anufacturing ______________________ W holesale trade _____________________ R etail trade _____________________ See footnotes at end of table. 1, 028 974 54 40 761 262 499 408 75 1, 518 1, 245 273 50 122 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.90 $ $ 1.50 1.60 under 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 44 24 20 7 2 53 35 18 2 2 23 15 8 7 7 13 13 20 15 5 23 6 17 - - - - - 8 - 8 5 9 37 26 11 5 6 ! 1 - - 4 4 _ - 2 2 - - 7 3 4 20 16 4 29 27 2 - - 1 1 - - - 11 11 - 11 11 - 22 22 7 5 2 10 10 16 16 8 8 3 3 - 20 11 9 10 6 4 52 48 4 65 65 - 26 20 6 12 12 - ■ _ - - 12 11 1 • _ - - - - - 2 2 4 _ _ _ _ 14 . - - - - - 14 _ - - _ 131 130 1 _ 3.60 3.70 8 2 6 7 7 - - 26 26 73 4 69 3 1 2 5 7 - - 26 69 2 13 8 5 . - 8 8 - 23 18 5 67 32 35 14 39 37 2 27 13 14 21 16 5 11 11 - 49 29 20 12 12 8 4 25 25 25 5 4 1 - 1 - - 5 5 - 16 2 14 6 40 17 23 47 45 2 36 22 14 10 28 25 3 60 18 42 36 38 8 30 30 4 - - - _ - - - - 8 67 34 33 25 55 46 9 5 42 6 36 35 26 12 14 14 155 113 42 26 5 4 1 34 34 56 56 11 11 88 88 62 62 16 16 6 6 10 10 “ ■ " - - - 24 114 23 102 1 12 10 61 56 5 4 80 80 - 100 86 14 13 46 45 1 126 123 3 276 264 12 11 51 51 _ - 6 6 - - - 2 _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 168 93 75 60 12 183 140 73 29 110 111 109 104 - 18 1 17 4 13 14 3 11 6 5 48 10 38 25 13 17 17 6 11 22 9 13 4 9 1 1 1 - _ 28 144 22 130 14 6 _ 5 4 2 83 207 67 147 16 60 116 75 41 146 124 22 2 19 204 175 29 25 2 59 14 45 5 7 10 4 6 ~ 11 11 3.50 7 5 2 81 44 37 32 4 - 3.40 11 3 8 2 10 10 8 - 3.80 o v e r 3.30 - 49 49 48 - 3.80 and 7 7 - 53 53 - - $ 12 9 3 64 60 4 - 3.70 18 13 5 20 20 - - $ 50 14 36 34 5 5 - - 5 2 3 3.50 *3.60 249 240 9 5 5 - 30 19 11 3 $ 182 172 10 7 ” - 79 79 - 3.40 100 62 38 27 ~ - 3.20 $ 84 72 12 5 • 5 5 - - 3.10 3.30 63 47 16 1 ■ 2 2 - - 3.00 $ 81 50 31 18 • 2 2 - - 2.90 3.20 46 38 8 2 ' _ - 2.80 % 5 48 38 10 _ - 2.70 $ $ $ 2.70 *2.80 *2.90 3.00 3.10 13 109 73 36 32 _ - 2.60 33 23 10 2 2 116 115 1 _ - 2.60 $ 26 16 10 68 54 14 _ - 2.50 2.50 86 67 19 12 1 46 27 19 9 5 4 $ 1.90 2.30 _ - - 2.40 1.90 7 7 - $ 1.80 - 2.63 2.62 2.57 2.84 3.00 2.81 1.70 $ $ - 2 .6 1 2.64 2.62 2.78 $ 77 77 183 183 _ _ 87 81 6 5 - - 1 * 4 6 6 6 11 11 _ _ _ 10 56 17 _ 7 4 3 _ 6 _ _ 1 _ 1 1 2 _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 7 5 2 2 _ _ _ 2 _ 2 2 15 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations—Continued .(Average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an a re a ba sis by industry division, Boston, M a ss., O ctober 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and industry division M illw rights ____________________________— M anufacturing ________________________ Number of workers 271 — Average Under *1.40 *1.50 *1.60 *!.70 *1.80 *1.90 *2.00 *2.10 *2.20 *2.30 *2.40 *2.50 *2.60 *2.70 *2.80 *2.90 *3.00 *3.10 *3.20 *3.30 *3.40 *3.50 *3.60 *3.70 *3.80 hourly , and earnings $ and 1.40 under 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 over $2.66 2.66 O ile r s ____________________________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------- 221 186 P a in ters, m aintenance --------------------------M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------T^nKliutility Ae ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f^Uullt UllllllCo Fi nanr« ^ S e r v ic e s ___________________________ 370 192 178 40 56 51 2.47 2 .6 6 ' 2.26 2.79 2.05 1.90 P ip e fitte r s , m aintenance _______________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------PnKlir ntilitiAc ^ 499 450 49 41 2.83 2.84 2.73 2.68 P lu m b ers, m aintenance _________________ M anufacturing ________________________ 79 59 2.74 2.76 Sh eet-m etal w o rk e rs , m aintenance ____ M anufacturing ________________________ 177 150 2.79 2.81 T ool and die m aker s ____________________ M anufacturing ________________________ 1, 000 943 3.04 3.05 12 12 38 38 18 16 5 5 67 66 26 K “ - “ 15 15 24 20 7 7 13 13 31 31 38 35 18 17 35 10 10 10 9 7 21 21 - - 16 16 7 7 14 14 8 5 3 29 29 14 14 7 7 19 13 6 30 18 12 1 - 14 7 3 10 3 5 20 3 17 13 - 19 8 11 1 5 4 47 36 11 14 15 26 22 4 2 2 4 - 1 _ - - - - - - 23 23 - 14 14 26 25 1 74 46 28 28 2 2 2 “ 3 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 11 11 2.24 " 2 .2 1 . 14 - 2 2 22 17 5 5 3 - - #• - . . _ _ . - " " ■ " _ . . . 8 1 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 T ran sp ortation , com m u nication, and other public utilities. 3 F inan ce, insurance, and r e a l estate. 5 5 6 - 84 83 " 12 12 _ " 4 4 * _ . - " ■ ■ ■ “ - . - 1 1 - . - - - 15 15 - 4 4 •- - - - - 1 i - 1 1 . _ - - - - - 213 . . 37 23 14 12 55 49 6 4 13 6 7 7 8 8 - 42 42 - 21 16 5 2 92 92 - 152 152 - 11 1 10 5 8 6 43 41 8 2 6 3 4 3 23 23 37 15 26 26 10 7 46 46 30 28 - - 41 41 88 88 69 69 111 104 87 ft7 167 30 154 1KA . . 16 . 16 Table A -5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Boston, M a s s ., October 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OFNumber of workers O c c u p a t i o n 1 a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n E l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ( m e n ) __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______ _________ ______ F in a n c e 3 _ ________ _____ ____ J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and cle a n e r s (m e n ) .. M a n u f a c t u r in g .... ___ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . . . . __ P iiK lir iifiliH a a ^ $ 1 .4 4 1 .4 5 1 .4 5 1. 30 410 4ol 257 82 E le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a s s e n g e r ( w o m e n ) ___ ___ ____ ________ G u a r d s ___ __ ______ ___________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g __ ______ . . . . . ____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 4 _____________________ ______ _____ __________ F in a n c e 3 Average hourly , earnings* 330 1 .2 9 5 1 9 " " ....i ; z s "1 1 13 19? ' 1 ,0 3 8 STS 420 141 206 T 2 . 18 T T 2 .1 9 2. 43 1 .9 9 % $ 1 .0 0 1. 10 and under 1 .1 0 1. 2 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 49 4* 7 16 46 46 35 24 24 14 10 1 90 1*6 184 48 47 29 18 6 4 4 20 19 19 - 98 112 112 72 26 15 1 - . 53 - . — ~T t 10 4 n r -------4“ _ _ 7 - 71 1 144 2 66 8 207 17 83 63 141 - 1 39 31 3 1 74 24 1 50 32 65 561 7 422 3 36 56 11 2 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d lin g _____________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______ ____________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 4 _____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________ _______ R e t a il tr a d e .. ____ . . . _ 5, 0 44 2, 5 3 l 2, 5 1 3 8 91 683 846 2 . 08 l.* t 2 . 18 2 .4 1 2 . 18 2 .0 2 1 . 1 76 76 91 46 51 231 1 56 81 96 50 46 260 214 46 294 187 107 330 262 48 341 233 1 08 _ 1 . 64 . 48 37 28 22 11 8 22 71 35 14 10 26 82 O rd er fille r s ____ _____ ________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____ . . . . . .. . . . . N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ... ___ . . . W h o le s a le tr a d e ._ _____ _____ R e t a i l t r a d e . ----------------------- — 2, 182 — m ~ 1 ,4 0 1 8 91 485 _ . . . 25 24 68 - ------- 5“ ----- TT — 54 24 17 . 17 34 8 24 - 47 1 53 ------- r< r 37 1 46 1 00 17 8 45 113 P a c k e r s , s h ip p in g ( m e n ) __________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ _____ . . ______ 1 ,4 7 0 6 11 659 462 148 92 29 63 46 85 33 52 44 8 __ ________ Retail t r a d e _____ ____ _____ ___ __ See footnotes at end of table. 7 6 37 31 3 2 . 50 2 .6 0 2 . 70 2. 80 2 . 90 3 .0 0 3 . 10 3 . 20 3 . 30 3 . 4 0 14 l4 - 1 - 6 6 - 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 30 30 - - - - - - - 4 -------5 - 71 53 18 2 16 5 73 — TT1 106 59 92 49 14 10 63 19 44 31 13 . — 4 2 2 r -------2"1 72 30 42 6 35 37 18 19 17 132 54 48 7 6 67 67 40 7 124 64 60 55 5 44 25 19 19 - 5 5 - 300 256 64 41 2 6 14 1 294 1 15 181 140 16 4 6 15 132 55 49 27 2 20 1 43 1 14 29 17 12 - 225 1 76 49 18 2 29 1 20 93 27 - - - - - - - - 12 12 - - 1 26 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 12 - _ - 64 4o 24 10 9 1 2 5 5 2 6 2 283 1 94 89 2 6 80 223 86 135 1 29 105 3 70 2 63 107 6 62 32 766 305 461 273 145 43 401 146 255 162 74 19 422 129 293 100 104 89 647 225 422 337 85 104 16 88 10 1 77 14 14 2 12 12 12 - 21 9 12 12 61 61 61 _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - " - - 160 146 20 14 6 311 163 2 08 187 21 372 307 65 60 5 1 08 12 96 63 33 1 18 18 100 100 16 14 2 2 299 28 26 1 _ _ - - - 1 1 - - 3 3 . _ - - 73 43 30 17 1 147 107 40 39 1 214 l5 l 63 62 99 94 5 70 65 5 5 5 168 23 1 45 145 36 21 15 5 331 27 3 04 - . 2 .4 0 13 7 6 3 12 29 283 19 9 9 W h o le s a le tr a d e 2 . 30 37 26 11 216 216 30 27 3 2 .2 0 84 26 58 7 7 119 25 91 36 52 2 . 10 663 15 648 1 - 43 2 . 00 205 51 124 102 5 6 8 3 - - S $ 3 . 2 0 3 . 30 519 424 95 40 5 10 37 3 - 7 7 $ 3 . 10 276 154 1 42 14 10 7 78 33 - 9 1 .9 7 2. 04 1. 8 8 2 ! 06 1 . 37 $ 3. 00 364 226 1 38 16 5 20 44 53 - 1 .4 1 1 .6 * 1. 38 1 . 23 1. 38 2 .0 9 — 2715“ 2 .0 6 1 .9 7 2 .2 5 $ $ $ 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 800 525 465 29 19 51 133 2 33 . - - $ 2. 60 505 80 425 13 5 156 1 52 99 1 - 561 s 2. 50 - . - 139 $ 2 .4 0 33 4 29 - - 1 ,7 9 9 1 75 1, 6 2 4 86 895 J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and cle a n e r s (w o m e n ) _ __ ________________ , _ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____ ________ ________ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ________ ______________ P A t a il fv a ^ A $ 2 . 30 61 1'6 51 51 . - 1 .7 3 1. § 9 1 .6 0 2 . 01 L95 1. 5 4 1 .5 7 1 .4 0 W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___ _______ R e t a i l t r a d e _____ __ _______ _____ F i n a n c e 3 __________ ________ _____ ___ _ .Qa r v i rA a s 2 . 20 47 22 25 14 11 - 4 , 761 27T 5I 2 ,6 1 0 457 1 15 562 544 932 ____ . $ $ 2 . 00 2 . 1 0 $ $ 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 66 319 46 T S T 1 35 20 35 20 94 144 Z T — 5T" 121 43 98 35 8 23 53 22 31 15 1 06 51 25 15 4 7 - " 9 3 22 14 8 8 - 292 12 280 - 3 1 2 2 - “ - 6 6 12 12 3 3 . 3 3 _ - 3 3 - 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ - - 17 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Boston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average $ 1 .0 0 *1. 10 1 .2 0 $1 .3 0 1 .4 0 $1 .5 0 *1. 60 * 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 * 1 .9 0 *2. 0 0 $2 . 10 $2 . 2 0 $2 . 3 0 2 .4 0 *2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 * 2 .7 0 * 2 . 8 0 $2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 * 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 - hourly earnings2 an d under 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 . 10 2 . 20 2 . 3 0 2 . 4 0 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 0 3 . 10 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 4 0 34 23 11 9 83 55 28 18 97 80 17 11 24 5 19 17 30 16 14 4 32 25 7 7 11 11 11 20 20 - - 3 2 1 1 - - - - - 12 12 10 75 21 54 29 10 79 44 35 20 15 52 25 27 14 11 36 6 30 22 8 81 24 57 19 26 63 16 47 24 22 66 35 31 22 9 84 64 20 16 3 87 31 56 16 13 25 17 8 4 4 29 7 22 15 - 10 10 10 2 2 37 37 41 23 18 4 5? 43 16 16 22 10 12 7 2 - - 1 25 1 72 35 37 32 5 81 35 46 34 - 20 5 14 44 25 19 7 12 53 - 13 n 2 42 - - - 8 8 18 15 3 2 55 16 39 24 14 2 12 3 42 11 31 12 141 51 90 109 80 29 3 2 138 53 85 314 42 2 72 - - 2 21 62 55 16 39 75 71 4 66 5 * P a c k e r s , s h i p p in g ( w o m e n ) __________ ____ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ ____ ___ ______ — ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________ 3 47 2 39 108 78 S i . 58 1 .5 6 1 .6 0 1 T61 - 5 5 - 8 8 - R e c e i v i n g c l e r k s _______________ ______ —— — M a n u f a c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ___________________________ 761 330 431 2 03 161 2 . 06 2 .1 3 2 . 00 1 .9 9 1 .9 8 - - - “ - S h ip p in g c l e r k s __ ______ __ ______ __ ___ — _ M a n u f a c t u r in g — N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _ _ 576 300 276 131 96 2 . 16 2 . ti 2 .0 9 2 . 15 2 .0 7 - - - - 461 2 24 237 72 2. 2. 2. 2. R e t a il t r a d e S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g c l e r k s M a n u f a c t u r in g __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------_____ T r u c k d r iv e r s 5 ____________ _____ ____ M a n u f a c t u r in g N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______ — ______—___ — P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 4 _____________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________________ R e t a il t r a d e _____ fiprvi r ab T r u c k d r i v e r s , l i g h t (u n d e r l x/z t o n s ) . . . _ ___ M a n u f a c t u r in g _ -----N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______— ------ !_______ W h o le s a le t r a d e _ T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d i u m ( l 1/* t o a n d i n c l u d i n g 4 t o n s ) -------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r in g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________ __ . . . . . . . Whn1»aa1» trarfo R e t a il tr a d e T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea vy (o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a i l e r t y p e ) ------------1-------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------- 1'------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _ Piihlir iitiliti a« * W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________ See footnotes at end of table, 3 .8 6 2 934 2 ,9 2 8 1 ,4 1 6 882 520 20 26 15 29 102 2 .4 6 2 .4 6 2. 45 2 . 54 2 .4 5 2 .3 5 1. 98 5 20 2 44 2 76 136 2 .0 5 2 .3 6 1 .7 8 1 .6 4 1 .0 9 3 345 748 2 85 3 23 2. 2. 2. 2. 33 48 26 25 1 .3 9 8 1 34 1, 2 6 4 808 365 2. 66 2. 19 2 . 53 2. 68 2 . 56 2 .9 1 . - - - " " - - 8 8 18 18 6 12 - - - - - 8 - 1 2 2 - - ■ 7 6 1 1 13 22 42 42 13 44 11 33 47 22 25 25 8 17 1 04 45 59 - - - - - - 36 5 12 12 14 17 - 21 10 - 17 7 33 - 8 - - - - - - 10 3 18 13 28 • - 12 37 36 15 14 5 5 - 8 - 5 8 - 11 5 22 12 10 17 5 5 - 8 - 5 - 5 10 - - 18 37 - 13 12 28 12 16 25 12 12 37 29 8 7 31 6 25 2 2 22 13 53 54 22 32 32 1 1 165 92 14 51 3 48 40 22 31 24 4 _ - 21 8 13 13 17 17 _ _ 4 2 2 2 2 _ 2 _ 2 3 . 3 _ 12 12 _ _ _ _ ~ 3 1 2 2 3 ’ - 34 11 23 11 11 _ 14 12 2 6 5 1 - 7 — 5~1 2 - _ - - 23 - 2 - - 2 - - 6 4 2 2 2 1 21 20 1 1 - . - _ - 1 - - - 14 260 56 53 3 . - _ . - - - - - 207 87 89 153 47 28 13 120 83 59 16 106 2 27 13 3 20 1 74 29 45 902 72 830 1 45 1 2 1? 5 4 _ _ 2 7 - 41 5 36 7 7 390 1 88 202 80 37 83 9 - 1517 172 1345 12 9 7 18 30 1 34 11 123 11 83 27 3 107 79 27 - 2 06 50 156 - no - 26 22 4 “ 2 05 18 187 95 92 8 2 - 54 32 22 12 39 39 - 7 w 5 8 3 5 12 - - - - 1 * 36 83 16 15 - 119 29 8 2 2 6 - 1 58 36 22 l - _ _ 14 12 2 260 325 W 1 69 _ _ _ 157 103 _ _ 16 _ 16 16 _ 55 55 166 _ _ . . _ 3 _ . _ . . 62 62 _ . _ . . _ . - - - - - _ - _ _ _ 43 43 _ . . 55 55 > . _ . . 13 - - - - - - 7 21 _ 15 . . . . _ 22 1 _ 6 16 - 2 216 1 50 7 6 2 216 150 7 6 2 153 150 _ _ _ _ _ _ Table A -5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations—Continued (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Boston, M ass., O ctober 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number ot workers Average * 1.00 * 1.10 * 1.20 * 1 .3 0 * 1 .4 0 hourly , and earnings *1 .5 0 *1 .6 0 * 1 .7 0 * 1 .8 0 * 1 .9 0 * 2.00 * 2.10 * 2.20 * 2 .3 0 * 2 .4 0 * 2 .5 0 * 2 .6 0 * 2 .7 0 * 2 .8 0 * 2 . 9 0 * 3 .0 0 * M 0 * 3 .2 0 * 3 .3 0 under 1.10 1.20 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2.00 2.10 2.20 12 - 11 11 12 12 - - 43 13 30 30 8 6 2 29 29 74 74 - - 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 162 82 80 28 2 .60 3. 30 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 21 12 20 16 16 16 - - - . - - _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - " ~ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ 3 .2 0 .3^4.0- T ruckdriver s :5— Continued T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) --------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- 586 1*9 457 92 $ 2 .4 8 2 .3 8 2 .5 1 2 .3 7 T ruckers, pow er (forklift) ____________ Manufacturing _________________ ____ Nonmanufacturing __________________ WlinlAttal* fra/1)* Retail trade -------------------------------- 775 604 271 108 97 2 .3 3 2 .2 9 2 .3 9 2 .3 3 2 .5 7 T ru ckers, pow er (other than f o r k l i f t ) _________________. . . ____ ____ Manufacturing . . . _____ ______________ 187 1 82 2 .2 7 2 .2 7 P u h lir u t il it ie s 4 763 399 364 43 Retail trade -------------------------------F in an ce1 3 ________________________ 2 167 1 .8 0 1 .9 2 1 .6 7 2 .1 7 1 .5 5 1 .6 2 Watchmen ______________________________ Manufacturing --------------- -----------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 100 3 _ - _ - - - " " _ - - - - - 24 29 2 22 2 - - " 29 27 29 - - “ 114 5 1 09 63 40 23 71 35 36 16 13 3 17 2 10 5 17 80 17 23 4 11 1 - ■ 7 7 35 35 5 5 55 52 48 61 39 40 31 30 22 14 6 76 48 28 25 48 36 22 75 47 28 12 1 1 21 12 _ 28 1 3 20 50 45 5 5 159 80 79 10 10 2 2 - - 10 2 8 8 79 - - 20 2 22 5 5 7 - 12 8 25 25 _ - - 30 - 7 tl - 8 22 20 - _ 1 1 106 1 26 255 15 179 - 26 28 15 76 62 14 129 67 62 45 17 2 Data lim ited to men w ork ers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities. Includes all drivers regardless o f size and type o f truck operated. _ 3 5 4 4 73 22 it 44 37 7 7 255 4 4 to 4 2 4 1 2 4 3 3 _ - " _ 7 7 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 19 B* Establishment Practices and Supplem entary W age Provisions Table B-l. S h ift D ifferentials (S hift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m a n u fa ctu rin g p lant w o r k e r s b y ty p e and am ou n t o f d iff e r e n t ia l, B o s t o n , M a s s . , O c t o b e r 1961) P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t w o r k e r s — In e s t a b lis h m e n ts h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l S e c o n d s h ift w ork T ota l _______________ __ T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift 8 2 .3 7 3 .7 12.4 2 .6 ----- ------------- --------- 7 7 .7 7 3 .7 1 1 .8 2 .6 3 6 .0 31. 5 6. 2 1 .6 8 .2 2 .6 1 .6 2 .6 1. 3 13. 2 .8 .7 .5 2. 5 .8 .8 .4 _ 5 .8 1 .8 .6 11. 1 .7 3 .7 1. 1 3 .6 .8 1. 2 1. 2 1. 5 .6 .5 .4 . 2 1. 5 . 1 .4 . 2 .4 . 2 . 1 (2) - 30. 5 32. 3 4 .6 .9 2 .7 5. 1 2 .0 1 9 .2 1. 5 “ 1 .3 4 .3 2 2 .0 .5 .8 .4 2 .6 .3 j2 ;) (2) “ .6 (2) . 1 U n ifo r m c e n ts (p e r h o u r ) __ ___ ---------------- - 5 o r 5 l/z c e n ts __ _ ------- -------- — _ 6 c e n ts ____ _ — --------- — ---------7 o r 7 llz c e n ts ----__ — -----8 c e n ts ___ __ — __ 9 c e n ts _____ 10 c e n ts ,..... . i ,,,,,,,_______ I I 1/ ; rpnt:s ___ ____ . ___ 12 o r 1 2 V2 c e n ts ---------------------------------------13 c e n ts __________________ — ______ __ 14 rp n ts .... 15 c e n ts __ — _ ___ ___ — 16 c e n ts ____ ___ 17 c e n ts _ __ __ _____ 19 o r 20 ce n ts -------------------------------------------O v e r 20 ce n ts _ __ ______ _ __ __ U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e _ — __ 5 p e r c e n t ___________________________________ 7 p e r c e n t ___________________________________ 7 1/z p e r c e n t ___________ ____________________ 10 p e r c e n t _ _ ________ __ __ ----- — 12llz p e r c e n t __ __ __ __ _ 15 p e r c e n t " _ ---------- __ ---------------F u ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u rs __________ 1. 3 O th e r f o r m a l p a y d iffe r e n t ia l _______________ 3 9. 9 N o s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l S e c o n d sh ift ___ __________ W ith s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift w o r k A c t u a lly w o r k in g on — _ __ _ _ _ 4 .6 .8 3 .9 . 1 . 1 (1 23 ) .8 ( 2) . 1 . 1 0 ( 2) .2 (2) - ( 2) - 3 9. 9 1 .0 . 1 .6 1 In c lu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s , and e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la t e s h ifts e v e n th o u gh th e y w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . 3 In c lu d e s c e n t s -p e r - h o u r d iffe r e n t ia ls w h ic h v a r y b y la b o r g r a d e , and a c o m b in a t io n o f p e r c e n t a g e p lu s c e n t s - p e r - h o u r d i ff e r e n t i a l. 20 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries fo r Women Office W o rk e rs (Distribution of establishm ents studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected ca tegories o f inexperienced women o ffice w ork ers, Boston, M ass., O ctober 1961) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts N onm anufacturing M anuf a c tur ing M in im u m w e e k ly s a la r y 1 A ll in d u s tr ie s O th er in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 A ll sch e d u le s 37 V i 40 A ll s c h e d u le s N on m an u factu rin g M an u factu rin g B a se d o n standard w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll in d u s tr ie s 36V 4 37Vz 40 B a s e d on stan dard w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll s ch e d u le s 37Vz A ll s c h e d u le s 40 36l/4 37 ll2 40 E s ta b lis h m e n ts studied 267 86 XXX XXX 181 XX X XXX XX X 267 86 XXX XXX 181 XXX XXX XXX E s ta b lis h m e n ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m 140 52 14 31 88 9 18 35 149 54 16 31 95 9 21 40 3 14 22 39 9 15 _ l 2 3 9 6 4 5 14 6 7 3 1 11 - - _ 1 6 _ - _ - 1 2 14 2 - 5 3 1 - 6 7 3 1 2 3 2 1 _ 3 4 5 2 1 2 6 5 14 6 6 1 6 3 2 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 5 7 .5 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 7 .5 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 2 .5 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 7 7 .5 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and u nd er $ 4 2 .5 0 _________________ u nd er $ 4 5 .0 0 _________________ und er $ 4 7 .5 0 _________________ u nd er $ 5 0 .0 0 _________________ un d er $ 5 2 .5 0 _________________ und er $ 5 5 .0 0 _________________ und er $ 5 7 .5 0 _________________ un d er $ 6 0 .0 0 _________________ un d er $ 6 2 .5 0 _________________ u nd er $ 6 5 .0 0 __________________ under $ 6 7 .5 0 _________________ und er $ 7 0 .0 0 _________________ und er $ 7 2 .5 0 _________________ u nd er $ 7 5 .0 0 _________________ under $ 7 7 .5 0 _________________ u nd er $ 8 0 .0 0 _________________ o v e r ____________________________ E sta b lis h m e n ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m _____________________________________ E s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich did not e m p lo y w o r k e r s in th is c a t e g o r y ----------------------------- l 1 3 3 2 3 - 1 1 3 1 1 74 26 - XXX 1 _ 2 10 3 2 [ 1 1 1 2 10 17 25 3 8 6 7 3 1 2 3 XXX 48 2 4 1 " - «. _ ■ " 2 - 3 24 39 9 11 7 12 3 2 4 2 3 _ 2 - 2 - XXX 21 XXX 2 _ 3 8 3 2 1 4 3 1 4 15 19 25 3 5 6 6 5 2 2 - " 1 3 4 11 1 1 3 4 - 1 - - - _ 1 - _ _ _ - - 2 [ - 2 - 2 ~ ~ " " - - 4 - - 4 82 26 XXX XXX 56 XX X XXX XX X 36 6 XXX XXX 30 XXX XXX XXX " [ “ 53 8 XX X XXX 45 XXX XX X XXX L o w e s t s a la r y r a te f o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d f o r h irin g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r typing and o th e r c l e r i c a l jo b s . R a te s a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o f fi c e g i r ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d . H ou rs r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s . D ata a r e p re s e n te d fo r a ll w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n w o rk w e e k s 6 1 10 1 1 6 5 4 rep orted . 21 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P ercent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours o f firs t-s h ift w ork ers, Boston, M a s s ., October 1961) OFFICE WORKERS W e e k ly h ou rs U nder 35 h ou rs 35 h o u rs ----- __ _____ ________ ________ _ __ O v e r 35 and u n d er 361/* h o u rs _________________ 3 6 V 4 h ou rs ____ ____ ____ __ _ _____ — O v e r 361/* and u n d er 3 7 l /2 h o u r s --------------------3 7 ^ /2 h ou rs ....... ...... . -- .... O v e r 'il1U and u n d er 38 h o u r s -------------------------38 h o u r s ______ ___ __ ______ ____ __ O v er 38 and u n d er 3 8 2/3 h ou rs -------------------------382/3 h o u r s _ __ ____ ______ _ ___ __ 383/* h ou rs ,_________________ ,______ O v e r 383/4 and u n d er 40 h ou rs -------------------------40 h o u r s — ____ ______ - — ___ ___ O v e r 40 and u n d er 44 h o u r s _ _ __ __ 44 and un d er 48 h o u r s —-------------------------------------____ _____ _____ __ 48 h o u r s 1 2 3 4 All industries Manufacturing Public . utilities1 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance12 Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 11 2 „ 2 - „ 11 12 - 48 50 1 4 4 25 13 51 Wholesale trade Retail trade Services 100 100 100 100 100 _ - 1 _ _ - - 2 2 2 1 1 1 - 4 90 - - 96 - _ 3 1 1 - 78 4 15 3 - - - - - - 1 1 - 6 (4) - - - - - - - - - 15 1 9 12 7 4 24 Public 1 utilities1 9 5 12 9 2 43 - 12 Manufacturing 20 ( 4) 22 1 _ 4 62 1 All . industries* 3 13 5 15 5 34 11 1 8 5 7 3 27 1 4 1 1 6 (4) 35 T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilitie s . F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . In clu d es data f o r r e a l e s ta te in a d d itio n to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . PLANT WORKERS 1 1 4 (4) 3 2 ( 4) (4) 80 1 2 4 1 4 3 7 1 _ 13 12 2 43 5 _ 12 _ _ 1 . _ _ 1 (4) 83 _ 5 4 22 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (P ercen t distribution of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Boston, M a s s ., O ctober 1961) OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w o r k e r s _____________________ W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m e n ts paid h o lid a y s -----------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts no p aid h o lid a y s _ — — _____ _______ p r o v id in g — — ------------- — p ro v id in g __ ------------ — — _ PLANT WORKERS All industries Manufacturing Public , utilities1 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance1 23 Services AU , industries Manufacturing Public, utilities1 Wholesale trade Retail trade Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 94 100 99 97 100 100 100 87 91 (4) - - 6 - ( 4) 3 - - 13 9 (4) 1 ( 4) n 2 (4) 1 5 5 (4 ) (4) ( 4) 7 2 1 17 7 1 37 10 1 1 i!> ( 4) i 4 1 7 14 1 10 2 1 21 5 2 29 2 1 1 13 5 18 12 17 2 (4) 21 (4 ) 5 " _ 1 3 11 4 51 26 1 2 _ 1 2 ( 4) 14 2 (4) 17 15 2 40 (4) 7 3 6 2 1 11 2 4 16 6 1 10 2 1 18 6 8 ( 4) (4) 1 5 2 2 14 2 20 11 2 13 3 1 14 6 5 ( 4) “ 1 5 12 6 9 2 4 33 28 ~ 3 9 8 16 8 3 4 36 - 19 13 6 3 4 15 9 8 2 13 ( 4) 1 2 13 51 58 75 77 85 90 96 96 98 98 1 1 3 34 39 61 62 73 87 94 95 99 99 _ 39 81 87 87 91 91 96 96 99 7 7 7 47 49 64 66 85 85 99 99 99 (*> ( 4) ( 4) 8 14 34 36 47 54 73 74 86 - 28 61 66 66 75 75 82 82 94 94 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 36 40 43 43 68 68 76 76 84 84 84 84 84 87 ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 13 15 23 23 32 32 47 51 54 60 73 73 73 73 91 91 N um ber o f d a y s L e s s than 6 h o lid a y s __ _____ --------------------------------------- — __ ________ _______ 6 h o lid a y s 6 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day ---------------------------------6 h olid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d ays _____ ________ __ _ 6 h olid a y s plus 6 h a lf d ays _____________________ 7 h o l i d a y s --- ------- -------------- — ------------------ 7 h o lid a y s plu s 1 h a lf day ______________________ 7 h o lid a y s plu s 2 h a lf d ays __ „ __ _____ ____ 8 h olid a y s ________ ______ __ ________ __ __ _ 8 h olid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf day ______________________ 8 h olid a y s p lu s 2 h a lf d a ys ------- ------- __ — _ 8 h olid a y s plu s 3 h a lf d a ys _____ . . ___________ 8 h olid a y s plus 4 h a lf d ays ------- ---------------------___ „ __ _______________________ 9 h olid a y s 9 h olid a y s plus 1 h a lf day ______________________ 9 h olid a y s plus 2 h a lf d a ys _____________________ --------------------------10 h o lid a y s _____ __ — __ 10 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day __ ------------------ _ 10 h o lid a y s plu s 2 h a lf d ays ___________________ 11 h o lid a y s _____ __ __ __ ------- ---------------------11 h o lid a y s plu s 1 h a lf day _____________________ 11 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf d ays ___________________ 12 h o lid a y s and o v e r __ __ __ __ __ ----------------- _ 3 5 4 ( 4) 6 42 39 - _ 3 5 8 2 45 4 29 1 2 - 3 4 ( 4) 4 4 5 9 5 38 28 ■ T o t a l h o l i d a y t im e 5 121/ 2 o r m o r e days ___ __ __ ------------- — 12 o r m o r e days --------- ------- ------- ----------------111/ 2 o r m o r e days ________ _____ ___________ 11 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 10*/2 o r m o r e d a ys ______________________________ 10 o r m o r e d ays __________________________ — — 9l/z o r m o r e days _______________________________ 9 o r m o r e d ays _ __ __ __ __ _____ __ ________ S1/ 2 o r m o r e d ays _______ __ — ---------------------8 o r m o r e d ays _ __ __ __ ------- ------- __ — 71/z o r m o r e days _______________________________ 7 o r m o r e d a ys _ _____ „ __ ____ - _________ ___ 61/z or m o r e d a ys _________________________ ____ 6 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 5 o r m o r e days _ ___________________ __ __ -----4 o r m o r e days ______________ __ ______________ 3 o r m o r e days _________________________ _____ _— 2 o r m o r e d a y s __ ________________________________ 1 o r m o r e d ays _ _________________________ — __ 1 2 3 4 5 no h a lf 99 100 100 100 100 99 _ 2 3 36 36 83 83 91 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ 5 5 5 5 27 29 46 46 76 76 81 81 94 94 94 94 94 94 2 3 29 80 84 95 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 88 94 94 94 94 96 97 ( 4) ( 4) 5 11 26 29 44 55 75 77 93 95 99 99 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 99 100 100 28 28 71 71 80 85 94 94 97 97 97 97 100 100 100 100 T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s . F in a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te . In clu d es data f o r r e a l e sta te in ad d ition to th o s e in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. A ll c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf d ays that add to the sa m e am ount a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a t o ta l o f 7 d a y s in c lu d e s th o s e w ith 7 fu ll d a ys and d a y s , 6 fu ll d ays and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll d ays and 4 h a lf d a y s, and s o on. P r o p o r t io n s w e r e then cum ulated. 23 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of o ffice and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry division s by vacation pay p rovisions, Boston, M a s s ., October 1961) OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o l ic y ______________________________________ All industries PLANT WORKERS Services All , industries Manufacturing Public i utilities* Wholesale trade Retail trade Services 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 99 91 8 - 100 89 11 - 100 86 14 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 98 90 8 - Manufacturing Public , utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 2 100 100 .100 100 100 100 98 2 - 100 98 2 - 100 88 12 - 100 100 - 100 100 - M e t h o d off p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g pa id v a c a tio n s _____ ___________________________ L e n g t h -o f-t im e p aym en t -------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a ym en t -------------------------------------F la t - s u m p aym en t ------ --------— ----------- —--------O th er ____________ __ _ _______________ ___ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no paid v a c a tio n s ______________________________ 2 (4) A ft e r 6 m on th s o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek ____ __ __________ _____________ 1 w eek __ ______________ _______________ _______ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s ______________________ 2 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 47 7 29 3 63 3 16 _ 35 (4) 43 2 46 14 15 69 2 - 6 29 10 48 (4) 61 12 17 23 26 2 4 38 17 1 1 . 31 2 34 9 34 14 6 _ 49 _ - 9 22 6 3 _ 6 88 (4) 5 - _ 3 95 3 - _ 17 83 - _ 4 96 - _ 21 79 - 4 86 11 - . 8 84 2 7 - (4) 60 3 35 (4) 1 ( 4) _ 75 6 19 1 - _ 23 76 1 - _ 28 69 3 _ 44 56 _ 5 57 _ 34 2 (4) 1 1 89 2 6 - 1 95 1 3 - 3 14 83 - 2 98 _ - _ 100 - _ _ 84 3 13 - 1 _ 78 14 7 - 31 18 50 1 1 (4) 44 29 25 1 1 - 16 7 76 _ 1 - 17 ( 4) 80 _ . 3 1 _ 99 _ ( 4) (4) 90 2 7 - 96 1 3 - 2 98 1 - 2 98 - 100 - _ 84 3 13 - 1 67 14 18 - 11 16 71 1 1 (4) 13 26 59 1 1 - 16 78 7 - 8 4 86 _ 3 1 _ 99 _ - A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek _______ _________ _ _______ ____ 1 w e e k ___ ____ _________ ____ ___ _____ ___ ____ _ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s ___________________ ___ 2 w eek s ____________ ____ ____ _________ _____________ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s ---------------------------------3 w eek s _____ _ __ ------ ------------------ -------------O v e r 4 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------- - A ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ------- --------------------------------------------- --------O v er 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ___ __________________ 2 w eek s _ ---------------------- — --------- — ------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s ---------------------------------3 w eek s ----------------- ------ — _ -------------O v e r 4 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------- 33 5 58 2 (4) - A ft e r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e ek ________ ___ ____ ___ ____ ________ __________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w eek s _____ ______ __ ___ _ 2 w eek s .......... ^__ _-............................................ , O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s ______________________ 3 w e e k s ____ __________ ___ _____________________ O v e r 4 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------- 20 5 70 2 (4) A ft e r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _________ _____ __ _____ __ ___ _______ _____ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w eek s ______________ _______ ___ _ ______ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s ___ __________ __ ___ __ 3 w eek s -________ ___ ,___ _____________ O v e r 4 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------- (4) (4) 90 2 7 ( 4) 95 1 4 - 2 98 1 - 2 _ 98 - _ 100 - _ 84 3 13 - 1 67 14 13 6 10 13 73 1 2 (4) 13 23 61 1 2 - 7 87 7 - 8 4 86 _ 3 1 _ 99 (4) 64 7 28 ( 4) _ 84 4 12 - 96 4 " 2 93 6 42 58 ■ 39 13 49 * _ 62 14 19 6 1 80 3 15 (4) 2 87 5 6 ~ 93 7 ■ 4 89 4 3 1 51 _ 48 - _ . - 20 _ 70 7 (4) A ft e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _____ „ _______ _______________ _____ 2 w eek s __________ _______________ ___ ______ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w eek s _____________ _________ 3 w eek s ______ _ ____ ____ _____ ___ __ __ O v e r 4 w eek s ____ ____ ___ _____ ___ ____ _______ See fo o tn o te s at end o f table, _ 89 2 7 - 24 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P ercent distribution of o ffice and plant w ork ers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p rov ision s, Boston, M ass., O ctober 1961) OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o l ic y All industries Manufacturing Public , utilities1 Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance 2 Services All , industries3 Manufacturing Public , utilities1 Wholesale trade Retail trade Servioea 1 A m o u n t off v a c a t i o n p a y 5 — C o n t in u e d A ft e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____________ ____ __ ___ _________ __ ______ _ 2 w eek s __________________________________________ O v er 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------------- ------------3 w e e k s __ ____________________________________ O ver 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s --------------------------------4 w e e k s __ __________________________ ________ O v er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------ ( 4) 39 6 50 ( 4) 4 ( 4) _ 60 5 34 1 - _ 65 ( 4) 34 - 2 62 36 - _ 18 11 71 - - _ 7 47 45 - - ( 4) 27 13 56 ( 4) 4 ( 4) _ 26 30 43 1 - ( 4) 8 1 85 1 4 ( 4) - _ 37 54 2 2 6 1 48 7 35 ( 4) 8 ( 4) 2 58 11 28 1 - _ 65 2 32 1 - 4 54 4 35 3 1 9 54 36 - _ 58 38 2 - _ 63 37 " 2 49 5 44 - _ 7 47 45 - _ 16 9 75 - _ 37 54 2 2 6 1 29 19 42 ( 4) 8 ( 4) 2 28 32 37 1 - _ 53 46 1 - 4 37 5 52 3 1 9 54 36 - _ 58 38 2 - _ 10 88 1 _ 2 98 2 24 74 _ 2 52 _ 5 3 90 3 - _ 15 2 12 2 83 1 1 - _ 99 4 15 78 1 9 54 _ 36 60 2 - - 76 2 2 6 1 12 1 76 1 8 ( 4) - - - - " 45 " ( 4) 8 69 2 21 ( 4) _ 9 79 _ 2 75 2 24 49 _ 2 36 _ 5 70 4 22 - _ 15 70 2 8 6 1 12 1 62 1 22 ( 4) 2 11 2 76 1 8 - - - - - 12 - 23 - 26 - 62 - ( 4) 6 38 1 53 1 _ 7 56 4 33 _ 2 26 72 2 23 40 35 2 20 78 _ 1 22 74 3 _ 14 68 2 11 6 1 12 1 42 2 42 ( 4) 2 11 2 50 4 32 A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -------------------------- ------------------------------------2 w e e k s _______________________ ___ ________ _______ O v er 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------------3 w eek s ------------------- ---------------------------------- — O v er 3 and under 4 w e e k s --------------------------------4 w eek s ---------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek __________________ ___________________ 2 w eek s ____ ________ ________ ____________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------3 w e e k s __ ______________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s --------------------------------4 w eek s ____________ ________ ____________________ O v er 4 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------ :I ! - - 1 - 3 36 - - _ 73 4 15 1 9 _ 21 68 - _ 36 _ 52 2 8 ~ 1 7 20 _ 71 _ 36 _ 44 2 16 - A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -------------------------- ---------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------- — ------------------------------------O v er 2 and tinder 3 w e e k s --------------------------------3 w eek s _________ _____ — ------------------------------O v er 3 and under 4 w e e k s -----------------------------4 lypplrp .. ................. O v er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------ - - 63 - 27 - 15 3 _ 4 15 55 24 3 A ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek --------------- --------------------------------------------2 w eek s ------------------------------ ------------------------------O v er 2 and tinder 3 w e e k s ------- :-----------------------3 w eek s ------------------------------ ------------------------------O v er 3 and tinder 4 w e e k s --------------------------------4 w e e k s __ _________ __________ _________ ___ _______ O v er 4 w eek s ------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 s e r v ic e T ra n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s . F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te . In clu d es data fo r r e a l e sta te in a dd ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n se p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r il y r e fl e c t the in d ivid u al p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s io n s . in clu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g be tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . For e x a m p le, - 31 69 the ch a n g es in p r o p o r t io n s in d ica te d at 10 y e a r s ' N O T E : In the tabu lation s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , pa ym e n ts o th e r than "le n g th o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f la t - s u m p a y m en ts, w e r e c o n v e r te d to an equ ivalen t tim e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a paym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. 25 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g health* in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e fits , B o s to n , M a s s . , O c t o b e r 1961) OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit A ll w o rk e rs _ __ __ __ All industries __ Manufacturing Public , utilities 1 __ _ 100 100 100 L ife in s u r a n c e ___ _ ____ _______ A c c id e n t a l d eath and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e _ ____ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 4 __ __ 95 96 56 63 83 96 Wholesale trade PLANT WORKERS Retail trade Finance 1 23 All , industries Services 100 100 100 100 9 98 93 97 73 45 54 51 99 72 98 67 Manufacturing Public , utilities * Wholesale trade 100 100 100 100 79 93 96 97 42 58 60 68 91 94 96 75 19 | Retail trade Services 100 100 92 92 83 59 45 67 89 78 93 85 90 32 40 66 64 8 31 48 33 31 W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g : S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e _______ S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d ) ___ _____ __ __ __ S ick le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r io d ) __________________________ __ __ __ H o s p ita liz a tio n in s u r a n c e _____ S u r g ic a l i n s u r a n c e ___________________________ __ _ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e __ __ __ _ C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e ______________________ R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n _______ ___ __ __ _ N o h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n -------- 39 63 19 32 64 21 33 73 84 91 62 51 67 72 3 1 1 5 28 “ - 10 5 37 12 14 3 86 84 72 63 82 ( 5) 90 90 81 53 84 ( 5) 55 55 38 68 76 93 89 81 48 61 79 6^ 54 27 78 95 95 80 84 91 ( 5) 55 52 43 45 68 1 85 81 67 32 72 2 95 94 80 38 80 1 65 65 49 63 81 87 85 76 42 56 8 75 59 42 9 72 2 73 69 57 17 27 9 1 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r pu b lic u tilit ie s . 2 F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . 3 In clu d es data fo r r e a l e s ta te in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u stry d iv isio n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 4 U n du p lica ted to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w . S ic k - le a v e p lan s a r e lim it e d to th o s e w h ich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f d a y s ' p a y that c a n b e e x p e c te d b y ea ch e m p lo y e e . In fo rm a l s ic k -l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d ivid u a l b a s is a r e e x c lu d e d . 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions stead of two (class A and B). Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational The revised description for keypunch descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary operator groups these information for more specific instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately categories. Therefore, data presented workers into two defined cla sse s (A and B) for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last' for general stenographers and technical stenographers. year’ s bulletin. combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and The revision technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in cluded in appendix B. 27 Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. C la s s A —Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. B ille r , m ach in e (h illin g m ach in e)—U s e s a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. C la ss B —Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. B ille r , m ach in e (b o o k k e e p in g m achine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C la ss A —Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 29 30 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C la s s B —Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C la s s A —In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. C la s s B —Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve a n y com b in a tion o f th e fo llo w i n g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of c o m p a n y e m p l o y e e s and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) C la s s C—Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e .g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 31 SECRETARY— Continued KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C l a s s A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards* Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators* C l a s s B—Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs various routine duties such as ruaning errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by die following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 32 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued C la s s C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker9s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A —Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, D o e s n ot in clu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C la s s B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine, TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la s s A —Performs o n e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. C la ss B—Performs o n e or m ore o f th e fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 33 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees9 injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicant^ and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter required rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 34 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance elctricians requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. A s s i s t s one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b li s h m en ts em p loyin g more than on e e n g in e e r are e x c lu d e d . MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 35 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, die millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 36 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers;making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. W orkers prim arily e n g a g e d in in sta llin g and repairing building sa n ita tion or h eatin g s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d . types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. I n c lu d e s g a te - men w ho are sta tio n e d at g a te and c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p l o y e e s and oth er p e r so n s en terin g . 37 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size , and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and m ay in v o lv e o n e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o make w o o d en b o x e s or cra tes are e x c lu d e d . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices;unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. L o n g sh o r e m e n , who lo a d and unload sh ip s are e x c lu d e d . sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. ping work i n v o l v e s : routes, Ship A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. direct or a ssist in preparing die merchandise for shipment. work i n v o l v e s : May R e c e iv in g Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER dise (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers' orders, or other instructions. and indicating items filled or omitted, May, in addition to filling orders keep records of outgoing orders For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv in g clerk requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and Shipping c lerk perform 6ther related duties. Shipping and r e c e iv in g clerk 38 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials , merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers9 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv er»sa lesm en and o v e r -th e -r o a d d rivers are e x c lu d e d . Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, p o w er (fork lift) Trucker, p ow er (oth er than fo rk lift) Tru ckdriver (com bin ation o f s i z e s l i s t e d se p a r a te ly ) Truckdriver, ligh t (under l l/2 to n s) WATCHMAN Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 to n s) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s, trailer ty p e ) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v er 4 to n s, other than trailer ty p e ) Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0 — 627116