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Occupational Wage Survey BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SEPTEMBER 1959 Bulletin No. 1265-7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SEPTEM B ER 1959 Bulletin No. 1265-7 F e b r u a r y 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 15 cents Preface Contents Page The C om m u n ity Wage Su rvey P r o g r a m The B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a rea w id e w age s u r v e y s in a num ber o f im p orta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s . The stu d ies, m ade fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , re la te to o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and re la te d su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a ch a r e a , u su ally in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied. T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d dition a l data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A con so lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin su m m a rizin g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r l s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r the cu r re n t round o f s u r v e y s . T a b le s : 1. 2. A: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f su rv e y ____________ In d exes o f stan dard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s, and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s __________________ O ccu p a tion a l e a r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffic e o c cu p a tio n s ____________________________________________ A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ____________________ A - 3. M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c cu p a tio n s __________________ A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s ____________ A pp en dix: O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s * N O TE: S im ila r ta bu la tion s a r e a v a ila b le in the B a ltim o r e a r e a r e p o r t s fo r June 1951, O cto b e r 1952, A p r il 1955, A u gust 1957, and A u gust 1958. The r e p o r t s a ls o in clu d e data on e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , a s w e ll a s r e p o r t s fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon re q u e s t. U nion s c a le s , in d ica tiv e o f p re v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u str ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , prin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . in 2 2 oo O ' 1 3 ^ T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u s r e g io n a l o ffic e in New Y o rk , N. Y . , b y E llio tt A . B r o w a r , under the d ir e c tio n o f F r e d e r ic k W. M u e lle r , R e g io n a l W age and In d u stria l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. In trod u ction ______________________________________________ __________________ _ Wage tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l g ro u p s __________________________ 11 Occupational W a g e Survey— Baltimore, M d Introduction T h is a re a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n te rs in w h ich the U .S . D ep artm en t o f L a b o r s B u reau of L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cts su r v e y s o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d w age b e n e fits on an a r e a b a s is . The b u lle tin p r e s e n ts c u r re n t o ccu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t and ea rn in g s in fo rm a tio n obtain ed la r g e ly b y m a il fr o m the e sta b lis h m e n ts v is ite d b y B u rea u fie ld e c o n o m is ts in the la s t p r e v io u s s u r v e y fo r o c c u pation s r e p o rte d in that e a r lie r study. P e r s o n a l v is it s W ere m ade to n o n resp on d en ts and to th ose resp on d en ts r e p o rtin g unusual changes s in c e the p r e v io u s s u r v e y . In ea ch a r e a , data a re obtain ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s t a b lis h m en ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g; tr a n s p o r ta tion , 1 c o m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s ex clu d ed fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g ov e rn m e n t o p era tion s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a re om itted a ls o b e c a u s e they fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t em p loy m en t in the o ccu p a tio n s studied to w a r rant in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , sep a ra te tabu lation s a r e p r o v id e d f o r ea ch of the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h ese su r v e y s a r e con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v olv ed in su rv e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n of la rg e than of s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In com b in in g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts a re g iven th eir a p p ro p r ia te w eigh t. E stim a tes b a se d on the e sta b lis h m e n ts studied a r e p r e s e n te d , th e r e fo r e , as r e latin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and a r e a , e x cep t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied. O ccu p ation s and E arn in gs s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t of jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take a cco u n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a r ia tio n in duties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See ap pen dix fo r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip t io n s .) E arn in gs data a re p re se n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r the fo llo w in g types o f o c c u p a tion s: (a) O ffice c le r i c a l; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c ) m a in te n an ce and p ow erp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. O ccu p a tion a l e m p loy m en t and ea rn in g s data a r e show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d ule in the g iven o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in gs data e x clu d e p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w o r k on w ee k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts. N on p rod u ction b on u ses a re e x clu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in cen tiv e ea rn in g s a r e in clu d ed . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a re r e p o r t e d , as f o r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o r k sch e d u le s (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) fo r w h ich S tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e pa id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese o ccu p a tio n s have b e e n rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e ea rn in g s of m e n and w om en a r e p r e se n te d s e p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p a tio n s a r e la r g e ly due to ( l ) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n of the s e x e s am ong in d u strie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ifi c du ties p e r fo r m e d , although the o ccu p a tio n s a re a p p r o p r ia te ly c la s s ifie d w ithin the sam e su r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in length o f s e r v ic e or m e r it r e v ie w w hen in dividu al s a la r ie s a re ad ju sted on this b a sis. L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v ic e o f m e n w ould r e s u lt in h ig h er a v e r a g e pay w hen both s e x e s a re em p loy ed w ith in the sa m e rate ra n g e. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese su r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in dividu al e sta b lis h m e n ts to a llow f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ifi c duties p e r fo r m e d . The occu p a tion s s e le c te d fo r study a re c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tion a l c la s - 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x clu d ed fr o m the s c o p e of th ese stu d ie s, have been added in n e a r ly a ll o f the a r e a s to be stud ied during the w in ter o f 19 5 9 -6 0 ; r a ilr o a d s w ill be added in the rem a in in g a r e a s next y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in this a r e a , se e fo o tn o te to " t r a n s p o r ta tion , c o m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in table 1. O ccu p a tion a l e m p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in a il e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and n o t-th e n u m ber a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u se of d iffe r e n c e s in o ccu p a tio n a l stru c tu re am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s o f o ccu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t obtained fr o m the sa m p le of e sta b lis h m e n ts studied s e r v e on ly to in d icate the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tion al s tru c tu re do n ot m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n ings data. T a b l e 1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w i t h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d i e d in B a l t i m o r e , M d . , by m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv is io n , 2 S e p te m b e r 195 9 N u m b e r of e s ta b lis h m e n ts I n d u s tr y d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s .. .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________________ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 4 __________________ ___ W h o le s a le t r a d e ................ R e t a i l t r a d e ___________ _______________________ F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ________ S e r v i c e s 5’ 6 ____________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s W ith in sc o p e of s tu d y 3 S tu d ie d W ith in sc o p e of s tu d y S tu d ie d 625 1 81 2 6 5 , 100 177, 7 80 271 354 71 110 169, 6 0 0 95, 5 00 116, 9 6 0 60, 820 25 94 72 84 79 13 29 23 25 20 20, 900 1 0 ,4 0 0 3 4 ,8 0 0 18, 0 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 18, 3 5 0 4, 640 22, 760 1 0 ,2 6 0 4, 810 1 T h e B a l t i m o r e M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a ( B a l t i m o r e C i t y , B a l t i m o r e a n d A n n e A r u n d e l C o u n t i e s ) . T h e " w o r k e r s w i t h i n s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s ti m a t e s sh o w n in t h is ta b le p ro v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r i p ti o n o f th e s iz e a n d c o m p o s itio n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t i n t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s , s in c e ( l ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s tu d i e d , a n d ( 2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s c o p e o f t h e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1 95 7 r e v is e d e d itio n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s tr ia l C la s s if ic a tio n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c la s s if y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u s tr y d iv is io n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m t h e e a r l i e r e d i t i o n (u s e d in t h e B u r e a u ' s l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o t h e w i n t e r o f 1 9 5 8 - 1 9 5 9 ) a r e t h e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p l a n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e ( w h o l e s a l e o r r e t a i l ) t o m a n u f a c t u r i n g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s t o t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c lu d e s a ll e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t a t o r a b o v e th e m in im u m - s iz e lim ita tio n : 1 0 1 e m p l o y e e s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g , p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , a n d r e t a i l t r a d e ; 51 i n w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a n d s e r v i c e s . A l l o u t l e t s (w i t h i n t h e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s i n s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f in a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o tio n - p ic tu r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 R a i l r o a d s w e r e e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s u r v e y , a s w e r e t a x i c a b s , a n d s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . 5 T h i s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d i n e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in t h e S e r i e s A t a b l e s , a l t h o u g h c o v e ra g e w a s in s u f f ic ie n t to ju s tif y s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n of d a ta . 6 H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o ti o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g a n d a r c h i te c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2 . I n d e x e s of s ta n d a r d w e e k ly s a l a r i e s a n d s tr a ig h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s in B a l t i m o r e , M d . , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 a n d A u g u s t 1 ^ 5 8 a n d p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s In d ex es (O c to b e r 1 952*- 1 0 0 ) In d u stry an d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p S e p te m b e r 1959 A ugust 1958 P e rc e n t in c r e a s e s fro m — A u g u st 1958 to S e p te m b e r 1959 A u g u st 1957 to A u g u st 1958 A p ril 1955 to A u g u st 1957 O c to b e r 195 2 to A p ril 1955 Ju n e 1951 to O c to b e r 1952 A ll in d u s tr ie s : O f f ic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) — I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) S k i ll e d m a i n t e n a n c e ( m e n ) U n s k i l l e d p l a n t ( m e n ) ------- 1 3 9 .6 146. 1 1 4 6 .6 151. 5 1 3 4 .2 139. 1 141. 6 1 4 3 .6 4. 0 5. 1 3 .5 5. 5 5 7 3 5 14. 9 1 3 .3 16. 3 2 1 .6 12.9 1 7 .2 1 5 .7 1 5 .2 9. 1 7. 6 7 .7 6. 5 M a n u f a c tu r i n g : O f f ic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) — I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) S k i ll e d m a i n t e n a n c e (m e n ) U n s k i l l e d p l a n t ( m e n ) ------- 1 4 4 .7 1 4 6 .2 1 4 8 .3 1 5 4 .4 139. 2 140. 8 1 4 3 .7 145. 8 9 8 2 9 4 2 4 5 1 5 .7 14. 5 1 6 .8 2 0 .3 1 4 .2 16. 9 1 6 .7 17. 1 8. 5 8. 3 6 .9 6. 9 3 Wage Trends for S elected O ccupational Groups P r e s e n te d in table 2 a r e in d ex es o f s a la r ie s o f o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e ea rn in g s of s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s. F o r o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the in dexes r e la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h ou rs of w o rk , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id. F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s , they m e a s u r e changes in s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s , ex clu d in g p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k en d s, h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts. The' in dex es a re b a sed on data fo r s e le c t e d k ey o ccu p a tio n s and in clu de m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p ortan t jo b s w ithin each g rou p . The o ffic e c le r i c a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , f ile , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keypun ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a to r s ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u stria l n u rse data a re b a sed on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 sk ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e re in clu ded in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed— c a r p e n te r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u to m otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and tool and die m a k e r s ; u n sk illed — ja n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and w atch m en . A v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly earn in g s w e re com pu ted fo r each of the s e le c te d o c cu p a tio n s. The a v e ra g e s a la r ie s o r h o u rly earn in g s w e re then m u ltip lied b y the a v e r a g e of 1953 and 1954 em p loy m en t in the jo b . T h ese w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r in dividu al occu p a tion s w e r e then totaled to obtain an a g g re g a te fo r ea ch o c c u p a tional g rou p . F in a lly , the ra tio o f th ese g rou p a g g re g a te s fo r a g iven y ea r to the a g g r e g a t e fo r the b a s e p e r io d (s u r v e y m on th , w in ter 19 52 -53) w as com p u ted and the r e s u lt m u ltip lie d b y the b a s e y e a r in dex (10 0) to g et the in dex f o r the g iv e n y e a r . A d ju stm en ts have b e e n m a d e w h e re n e c e s s a r y to c o m p a ra b ility . F o r e x a m p le , in m o s t o f the a r e a s s u r v e y e d , w e r e in clu d ed in the c o v e r a g e o f the su r v e y s f o r the f i r s t y e a r . In com pu tin g the in d e x e s , data re la tin g to the r a ilr o a d w e r e e x clu d e d . m a in ta in r a ilr o a d s tim e this in d u stry The in d ex es m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s of ( l ) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d b y in div id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n ges in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e e x p a n sio n s, f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and changes in the p r o p o r t io n of w o r k e r s em p lo y e d b y e s t a b lish m en ts w ith d iffe r e n t p a y le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ith ou t actu a l w age ch a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c if i c o c cu p a tio n and r e su lt in a d ro p in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t of a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out of an a r e a cou ld ca u se the a v e r a g e ea rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though no change in ra te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . The u se o f con stan t e m p loy m en t w eigh ts elim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f changes in the p r o p o r t io n of w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n te d in e a ch jo b in clud ed in the data. N or a r e the in d ex es in flu en ced b y changes in standard w o rk sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a r e b a se d on pay f o r s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u r s . In dexes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to 1959 f o r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts a p p ea red in BLS B u ll. 1 2 4 0 -2 2 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 20 L a b o r M a r k e ts, W in ter 1 9 5 8 -5 9 . A * 4 O c c u p a tio n a l E a r n in g s Table A-l. Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is by in d u s t r y d i v is io n , B a l ti m o r e , M d. , S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) Average S ex , o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly. Weekly . 3 5 . 00 hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 4 5 . 00 50._00_ _55, 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 6 5. 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ $ 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 00 6 0 . 0 0 _65,_00_ 1 0 , 0 1 . 7 5 , 0 1 _ 8 0 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 00 a nd 8 5 . 00 9 0 , 0 0 0 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 00 1Q5,_00 1 1 0 . 0 0 ii.5_._oo 1 2 0 . 00 o v e r M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ____ _ ---------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g _________ ___________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________________ __ F in a n c e 3 -------------------------------------------------------_ 3 93 2 47 1 46 79 39. 39. 38. 37. 0 0 0 0 $ 1 0 0 . 00 1 0 2 .5 0 9 5 . 00 8 7. 50 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _ _____________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ____________ _________________ ____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ 138 85 53 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 C l e r k s , o r d e r _________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ ______________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________________________ 1 49 113 73 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________________ __ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ______________________________________ 2 2 2 2 2 ~ 21 17 4 2 18 16 2 1 11 11 10 19 12 7 5 37 19 18 17 35 16 19 12 25 18 7 1 44 26 18 11 26 19 7 4 26 11 15 7 24 9 15 7 14 8 6 - 89 276 13 - _ - _ - 4 4 " 8 4 4 12 4 8 23 17 6 7 4 3 29 21 8 6 6 - 12 4 8 4 4 - 3 1 2 4 2 2 7 5 2 11 9 2 8 8 _ - 8 7 - 5 4 - 14 7 - 22 20 20 _ - 2 " 16 16 14 6 6 5 12 8 3 25 10 6 13 9 9 11 11 4 3 3 3 _ - 12 12 9 _ 13 9 9 9 13 13 7 6 4 65 64 - - - 8 6 . 00 8 4 .5 0 8 8 . 00 _ - _ - 40. 5 40. 0 40. 0 8 6. 50 8 7 . 00 90. 50 _ " _ - 1 77 1 59 40. 0 40. 0 1 0 8 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 _ O ffic e b o y s _______________________________________ ____ M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________ F in a n c e 3 ---------------------------------------------------------- __ 2 37 114 123 65 38. 39. 38. 37. 5 0 0 0 52. 55. 49. 47. 00 00 00 50 T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s _________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ________________________________ _ F in a n c e 3 --------------------------------..------------------------------ 307 141 166 70 39. 0 3 9 .5 38. 5 39. 0 87. 96. 80. 70. 00 00 00 50 100 66 39. 0 39. 0 6 3. 00 63. 50 - B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) _____________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ _________________ R e ta il t r a d e ______________________________________ 81 65 50 3 9 .5 39. 0 40. 0 5 5. 00 5 2. 00 5 2. 00 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ------------------------------ ------------------------------- 124 75 3 9 .5 39. 5 7 2 .5 0 7 4 . 50 _ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ____________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e __________________________________ __ F in a n c e 3___________________________________________ 643 73 570 101 364 38. 5 3 9 .5 3 8. 5 40. 0 38. 5 5 5 . 00 6 7 . 00 5 3 .5 0 5 3. 00 5 2 . 00 6 6 6 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ---------------- ---------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g _______________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e ______________________________________ F in a n c e 3 __________________ ___________________ 384 114 270 66 96 3 8. 3 9. 3 8. 40. 37. 77. 89. 72. 65. 69. _ _ " - 2 2 - 6 3 2 2 6 4 3 3 10 9 15 14 10 5 16 16 8 1 7 7 44 9 35 26 45 12 33 15 84 56 28 5 24 20 4 1 14 4 10 7 _ 7 2 5 4 1 1 " 5 5 - 1 1 - 4 4 - _ _ . _ . _ - - - " - - - _ _ " - _ - 2 2 2 4 4 4 12 1 11 9 31 1 30 20 28 9 19 10 42 11 31 19 34 18 16 3 24 18 6 3 35 20 15 - 15 12 3 40 16 24 ~ 14 9 5 - 4 4 - 6 6 - 16 16 - ‘ 9 - 12 ----- 6— 34 34 14 10 3 1 8 - 10 5 7 7 - - - 11 11 11 20 20 17 18 15 6 8 8 5 12 1 1 4 4 4 _ _ _ - 6 6 6 - - 2 - _ 1 - _ - 8 1 28 18 13 4 16 12 43 29 4 1 3 2 69 1 68 10 53 134 1 1 33 34 98 165 8 157 14 115 133 4 129 24 59 54 26 28 10 17 18 5 13 3 6 33 15 18 1 2 22 4 18 5 8 3 3 " 3 3 - _ _ _ 2 12 - - - - - 2 2 12 12 34 1 33 34 14 20 6 14 65 7 58 11 39 22 3 19 1 17 31 5 26 7 8 77 7 70 1 39 28 11 5 W o m en Ri 11 f»r s , m a c h in e (h illin g m a c h in e ) _ _ —M a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------------------------- S ee f o o tn o te s a t end o f ta b l e . 5 0 5 0 5 50 00 50 50 00 _ - i - 16 10 3 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ 7 7 _ _ - 1 1 _ " - - - 2 2 - . _ _ . - 1 1 " - - - - 21 10 11 9 6 3 - 12 11 1 1 6 6 - 13 9 4 4 8 - . - 7 7 - 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e ra g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B a l ti m o r e , M d ., S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5. 00 $ 7 0 . 00 $ 7 5. 00 $ 8 0 . 00 $ 8 5 . 00 $ 9 0 . 00 “ 6 5. 00 “ “ 7 5 ,0 0 _ “ 4 5. 00 " " 50.0C L 5jj. 0 0_ 6 0 . 00 “ 8 5 .0 0 9 0 . 00 “ 9 5 .0 0 6 -------5“ - 21 17 4 4 8 8 “ _ - _ - $ 50. 00 o o o’ 00| $ Weekly, Weekly. 3 5 . 00 hours 1 earnings1 (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 4 0 . 00 !-J O o o S ex, o c c u p a tio n , a n d i n d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 and “ ~ “ 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 o v e r W o m en — C o n tin u e d C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ___________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------- -------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e _____________________________ ____ __ F i n a n c e 3 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 0 0 8 240 768 63 114 300 3 8 .0 39. 0 38. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 38. 0 $ 6 4 .0 0 74. 00 6 1 . 00 6 7 . 50 5 6 . 50 5 5 . 50 3 3 3. 69 69 3 5 61 74 3 71 3 14 51 C l e r k s , f il e , c l a s s A ___________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ 107 76 38. 5 38. 5 6 6 . 00 6 1 .5 0 _ _ _ - - C l e r k s , f il e , c l a s s B __________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e _______________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _________________________________________ 765 159 606 84 60 377 38. 39. 38. 39. 40. 37. 5 5 0 0 0 5 50. 57. 48. 53. 46. 45. 00 50 00 00 00 50 42 42 42 C l e r k s , o r d e r ___________________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e _______________________________________ 3 78 114 264 1 40 38. 38. 38. 40. 0 5 0 0 58. 60. 57. 52. 50 50 50 00 C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _________________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e _______________________________________ F in a n c e 3 ___________________________ ____________ 492 250 242 43 102 60 39. 0 39. 0 38. 5 38. 0 40. 0 3 7 .0 C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g -----------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e __ ----------------------------------------------- 445 1 46 299 81 38. 39. 37. 40. D u p lic a tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (M im e o g r a p h o r D itto ) ------------------------------------------------- 76 K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ____________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g _____________________ ________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _________________________________________ 861 301 560 83 271 O ffic e g i r l s _____________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ 78 61 S e c r e t a r i e s _____________________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ___ ___ ______ _____________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __________________________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________________ R e ta il t r a d e _______________________________________ F in a n c e 3 _________________________________________ 2, 0 2 6 808 1, 2 1 8 1 06 187 101 602 See fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f t a b le . 540520 0 - 6 0 - 2 0 0 5 0 96 15 25 54 109 20 89 9 24 30 1 63 27 1 36 9 37 40 1 59 21 1 38 4 2 20 1 10 -----4 ^ 64 3 9 141 62 79 7 7 19 30 19 11 2 9 27 26 7 7 6 5 18 1 12 11 2 1 9 - 1 1 1 - _ - 23 23 197 7 190 26 34 1 29 1 86 27 159 17 11 130 177 46 131 21 8 54 72 22 50 6 16 37 23 14 4 6 16 13 3 1 1 - 19 7 12 10 - 13 9 4 4 - _ - _ - 4 4 _ - 2 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 47 14 33 30 39 39 36 43 17 26 23 98 25 73 33 74 35 39 7 5 4 1 - 46 7 39 7 3 1 2 2 11 2 9 - - 6 9 . 00 7 1 .0 0 6 7 . 50 7 2 . 50 65. 00 6 6 . 00 _ - 8 7 1 1 - 16 2 14 1 7 58 34 24 3 17 3 50 21 29 6 11 9 76 20 56 4 36 11 88 59 29 7 8 8 35 14 21 5 8 5 45 26 19 3 10 4 45 21 24 2 8 12 14 7 7 6 1 - 24 19 5 1 _ - 8 3 5 5 _ 69. 73. 66. 72. _ - 7 7 - 26 26 35 9 26 3 47 21 26 18 81 17 64 18 57 16 41 10 66 21 45 - 31 14 17 3 20 10 10 4 19 5 14 9 28 24 4 3 00 50 50 50 1 02 — r~ 4 4 - 2 2 2 - 6 6 6 - 5 5 - _ . . - l l - “ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - - 6 5 1 - - - - - - 4 1 3 - 14 11 3 2 1 3 1 2 - 4 4 _ - _ - 13 9 4 3 10 10 10 2 2 “ _ - _ - 3 3 - - - - - _ 1 1 - - - 39. 5 6 2 . 50 3 5 10 10 6 6 2 7 26 - 1 - - - 38. 39. 38. 39. 38. 65. 74. 60. 66. 5 6. 3 3 18 _ 18 - 3 17 83 10 73 4 44 88 14 74 10 47 1 72 37 135 29 58 1 13 50 63 12 20 70 40 30 8 14 101 6o 41 19 7 58 41 17 - 87 _ 87 1 61 35 26 9 _ - 13 9 4 - 1 1 _ - 18 12 6 - _ 10 10 33 29 19 16 7 4 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - 4 - . - 2 1 _ - - - - - - - - - _ - - _ - 10 10 _ 5 5 29 12 17 4 _ 1 12 70 13 57 8 6 1 41 1 19 21 98 4 26 4 56 242 39 203 5 34 39 1 12 265 69 1 96 1 36 10 1 10 2 79 90 189 6 12 24 86 246 1 00 1 46 8 17 5 62 1 68 84 84 8 12 5 47 147 59 88 10 24 2 30 180 120 60 31 _ 2 16 68 49 19 1 10 _ 7 93 80 13 3 2 2 6 59 42 17 12 _ 1 4 29 19 10 _ 2 _ 8 22 11 11 5 6 _ 5 5 0 0 0 50 00 50 00 00 39. 0 39. 0 5 2 . 00 4 9 . 00 38. 39. 38. 38. 39. 39. 37. 82. 88. 77. 90. 77. 72. 74. 5 5 0 5 0 5 5 00 50 00 00 50 50 50 _ - - - - _ - - - - - - - - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B a l ti m o r e , M d. , S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— Avbbaqb S e x , o c c u p a tio n , a n d i n d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ Weekly, Weekly . 3 5 . 00 hours 1 earnings 1 a n d (Standard) (Standard) u n d e r 4 0 . 00 $ 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 $ 55. 00 60. 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0. 00 $ 75. 00 $ 8 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 55. 00 60. 00 8JL 00 2<L_00_ 75_«_00_ 8 0 . 00 8 5 , 00 20 20 20 81 81 1 80 1 16 1 16 6 110 166 8 158 3 17 1 35 232 53 179 3 20 131 310 74 236 5 15 191 1 95 111 84 5 7 47 152 90 62 8 1 32 1 19 90 29 7 1 8 $ 8 5 . 00 $ 9 0. 00 1 20 86 34 9 10 50 46 4 3 1 96 91 5 5 - 18 14 4 4 - 89 84 5 4 1 - 2 1 1 1 " 3 3 - 2 2 - _ - $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . oo 1 15 . 00 1 2 0 . 0 0 and 9 0 ,.0 0 _ 3 5 , 0 0_ 1 0 0 , 0 0 1 0 5 , 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 r 00 o v e r W o m en — C o n tin u e d S te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ------- ------------------ ------ ----------M a n u fa c tu r in g — ----------- — ----------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ----- ----------------------- -------------R e ta il t r a d e ____ ____ — — ---------------- ------ — F i n a n c e 3 ---- — - — ------- --------- — — ------ 1 ,7 7 1 753 1 ,0 1 8 53 73 765 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s __________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ____ — — „ — __ ------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g — _ ------------ __ ------------------- — P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 ---- ---------------- ------ — -----R e ta il t r a d e __________ __ ______ ________ _________ F i n a n c e 3 --------------------- — _ --------- ---------------- 381 107 274 46 57 82 40. 39. 40. 39. 40. 3 8. 0 5 5 5 5 0 62. 78. 56. 69. 52. 56. 50 50 00 50 50 50 23 23 - 30 30 6 2 34 34 12 14 48 2 46 24 15 62 6 56 8 7 29 43 10 33 6 4 16 22 11 11 3 4 2 40 19 21 17 4 16 8 8 8 - 18 14 4 4 - 15 12 3 - 18 15 3 - 5 5 - 3 3 " 2 2 - 2 2 - . - . - S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _____ _ ---------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g --------- _ — ----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------— ---------------------------- — W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________________ 343 203 1 40 52 3 9. 0 3 9 .5 3 8. 5 3 9. 5 61. 62. 61. 61. 50 00 50 50 _ - _ - 13 5 8 - 71 49 22 10 90 61 29 18 56 33 23 9 42 14 28 3 37 15 22 8 15 10 5 2 8 6 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 - 7 7 - . ~ _ - . - . - T a b u la tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ----------- _ — ---------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________ _______________________ — F in a n c e 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 50 115 50 3 8. 0 3 7. 5 3 6. 5 7 1 . 50 6 8 . 50 6 2. 00 . 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 1 6 6 6 21 21 14 46 35 17 9 9 3 27 23 3 5 2 - 16 9 - 6 - 1 - 3 2 - 2 - . . . - - - - T r a n s c r ib i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ---------------- M a n u f a c tu r i n g _______________ ___________ _______ _____ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------- -------------------------F i n a n c e 3 --------- --------- ------------------------------------- _ 252 51 201 158 38. 38. 38. 37. 0 5 0 5 62. 71. 60. 57. 00 00 00 50 _ ■ 1 1 1 16 16 16 55 6 49 45 65 6 59 57 41 17 24 11 23 1 22 14 13 3 10 6 15 7 8 3 6 1 5 1 7 3 4 4 _ " 2 2 " _ “ 8 7 1 " . “ _ - _ “ T y p i s ts , c l a s s A ----------------------- -------------------------------- M a n u f a c tu r i n g ________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 -------------- — __ ----------------- -----R e ta il t r a d e ---------------------- -----------------------------------F i n a n c e 3 ---- ------------------------ -------------------------- - 832 526 3 06 51 54 159 3 9 .5 3 9. 5 38. 5 39. 0 40. 0 3 7. 5 71. 76. 62. 62. 55. 60. 00 00 00 50 00 50 52 8 44 3 7 34 86 15 71 20 17 32 127 42 85 6 15 52 116 80 36 14 17 71 55 16 6 5 141 1 34 7 1 1 4 71 57 14 4 91 85 6 1 4 14 14 “ 18 18 " 20 14 6 “ - . - _ • . - 25 4 21 14 7 . - T y p i s ts , c l a s s B ________________________________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g _____________________ _____________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ — ----------------- ---------------------- P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 ------------------- ---------------------- — W h o le s a le t r a d e _______________________________ R e t a il t r a d e „ ____________________________________ F in a n c e 3 --------------------------- ----------------------------------- 1 ,2 6 6 3 22 944 35 74 1 00 724 38. 3 9. 38. 39. 40. 3 9. 3 8. 54. 64. 51. 58. 61. 51. 49. 50 50 00 00 50 50 50 5 5 5 114 114 6 16 92 346 5 341 2 17 319 3 04 35 269 6 21 34 203 1 86 76 110 6 23 79 1 56 98 58 16 14 5 22 68 41 27 4 15 4 4 26 13 13 1 12 - 16 12 4 4 - 14 12 2 2 - 5 5 - 9 9 - 14 14 - 3 2 1 1 . - . - . - 38. 5 3 9 .5 38. 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 7. 5 5 5 5 5 0 5 0 $ 6 7 .0 0 7 8. 00 5 9. 00 7 7. 00 5 9 . 50 56. 00 1 S ta n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o rk w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s: 2 6 a t $ 1 20 to $ 130; 4 5 a t $ 1 30 to $ 140; 5 a t $ 1 40 a n d o v e r . 3 F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , an d r e a l e s ta te . 4 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s: 8 a t $ 1 20 to $ 130; 56 a t $ 1 30 to $ 140; 1 a t $ 1 4 0 a n d o v e r . 5 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . ~ - . - Ta b le A -2. Pro fessiona l and Technical Occupations (A v e ra g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y i n d u s t r y d iv is io n , B a l ti m o r e , M d. , S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Avekaob S ex , o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d i v is io n Number of workers $ $ S * 1 $ $ S $ S S $ $ $ $ 1 t * S s s Weekly Weekly U n d e r 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . Q0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 hours1 earnings1 and and (Standard) (Standard) $ u n d e r 6 0. 00 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 o v e r M en _ D r a f ts m e n , l e a d e r --------------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ------------- ------------ ---- 137 136 4 0 . 0 $148. 00 4 0 . 0 1 4 8 .0 0 - D r a f ts m e n , s e n i o r --------------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g _______________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------- 923 621 302 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 113. 00 1 1 8 . 50 1 0 2 . 50 - 1 1 - . - . - D r a f ts m e n , j u n io r _____________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g _______________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ 426 254 172 4 0 .0 8 1 . 00 8 6 .0 0 40. 0 39. 5 ; 7 3 .0 0 30 9 3 21 34 26 8 18 1 17 54 20 34 ■ 1 j “ " ■ 19 19 8 8 ■ 3 3 10 10 ! ~ 6 6 . • 13 13 9 9 11 11 2 57 57 2 2 32 — IT 26 42 9 33 75 25 50 53 21 32 63 27 36 123 92 31 197 1 56 41 71 7 47 29 18 43 43 - 51 29 22 45 44 1 17 17 - 18 15 3 18 18 - 19 19 - 6 6 • 60 12 48 61 36 25 49 36 13 55 49 6 18 18 25 25 10 10 8 8 4 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - ' " ' ' ' ' ' 19 13 15 14 6 5 5 5 6 6 12 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 t>4 W om en 151 124 39. 5 ! 9 3 .5 0 4 0 .0 o o N u r s e s , i n d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) -----------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ---------- ------------------ _ 1 4 2 3 2 18 15 21 16 21 18 20 16 1 S ta n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o rk w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o rk e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s: 4 7 a t $ 1 60 to $ 170; 5 a t $ 1 7 0 to $ 180; 5 a t $ 1 8 0 to $ 1 9 0 . 3 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 50 to $ 6 0 . 8 Ta b le A -3 . M aintenance and Pow erp la nt O ccupations (A v e r a g e s tr a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on a n a r e a b a s is b y i n d u s t r y d iv is io n , B a l ti m o r e , M d. , S e p te m b e r 1 9 5 9 ) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a tio n a n d i n d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ Average hourly , U n d e r 1. 30 1 .4 0 earnings and $ under 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 5 0 $ 1. 5 0 $ 1. 6 0 $ 1. 7 0 $ 1 .8 0 1. 6 0 1. 7 0 1. 8 0 1. 9 0 1. 90 $ 2. 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2. 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 50 $ 2. 6 0 $ 2. 7 0 $ 2. 8 0 $ 2 . 90 $ 3. 0 0 $ 3. 10 2. 00 2 . 10 2 .4 0 2 . 50 2 . 60 $ $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 and over 2 . 20 2 . 30 2. 7 0 2 .8 0 2 . 90 3 .0 0 3. 10 3. 20 C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e _________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________ 3 65 307 58 $ 2 . 62 2. 70 2. 18 . - 1 1 . - 2 2 3 3 22 14 8 2 2 8 2 6 11 10 1 49 40 9 21 16 5 24 15 9 5 5 - 16 16 - 29 21 8 29 29 - 24 24 - 12 12 - 25 25 - 9 5 4 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e ____________________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------- --------------------------- — N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------- ------ --------- 707 634 73 2. 7 3 2 . 77 2 . 38 _ - - 1 1 _ - 3 3 - 10 6 4 5 2 3 6 3 3 7 5 2 51 43 8 20 13 7 63 51 12 22 14 8 16 11 5 31 28 3 82 81 1 no 1 26 61 61 - 1 09 1 09 - 82 82 16 E n g i n e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y --------------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------ 465 364 101 2 .4 7 2 . 52 2 . 28 - - 10 10 1 1 11 8 3 16 14 2 23 11 12 8 3 5 22 12 10 89 79 10 11 3 8 10 7 3 30 24 6 42 40 2 2 1 1 22 22 " 71 69 2 57 40 17 15 12 3 7 2 5 8 8 10 9 1 F i r e m e n , s ta t io n a r y b o i l e r _ ____________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ______________ ,_______ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________ _________ 3 56 3 00 56 2 . 22 2. 25 2. 10 25 5 - 1 1 _ ~ 24 24 - 8 8 - 22 18 4 91 91 - 3 3 - 9 9 47 25 22 36 25 11 _ - 11 11 - 27 27 - 36 32 4 8 8 28 28 . - _ - _ - _ - H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e ____ ______ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ---------- ----- ------------ -----N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________ 881 749 132 115 2. 2. 2. 2. 26 6 22 20 2 20 20 - 38 38 - 18 18 - 103 95 8 g 15 9 6 g 40 40 - 15 6 9 4 63 16 47 46 61 55 6 3 288 240 48 48 _ - 70 70 95 95 23 23 4 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m _________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ________________________ 3 42 3 42 2. 73 2. 73 - - - - - - - - 1 - 6 6 5 5 7 7 22 22 41 41 219 219 22 22 5 5 14 14 M a c h i n i s t s , m a in te n a n c e ----------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------------------------------------------- 1, 311 1 ,2 8 5 2 .9 5 2 .9 5 . _ _ - - . - _ - _ - - _ - 3 3 1 1 5 5 73 73 16 6 17 17 33 33 41 41 1 40 137 202 1 90 1 25 124 181 181 M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in t e n a n c e ) ________ M a n u f a c tu r i n g --------------------- ------------- ------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ ______________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 ___________________ 622 205 417 3 34 2 .4 5 2 . 36 2. 50 2 . 51 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 6 6 - 8 8 - 42 41 1 1 35 16 19 3 25 25 - 19 3 3 147 1 1 46 1 33 8 6 2 2 32 8 24 2 222 27 1 95 1 90 39 37 2 " 27 13 14 - 12 7 5 - _ - _ - _ - _ - M e c h a n ic s , m a i n t e n a n c e ----------- ---------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------- --------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- --------------------------------- 1, 3 8 3 1 ,2 3 3 150 2. 7 6 2. 7 8 2. 68 _ - _ - _ - _ - 1 1 16 12 4 39 38 1 25 24 1 35 25 10 54 47 7 54 53 1 26 14 12 37 31 6 39 31 8 52 51 1 262 247 15 1 90 163 27 67 50 17 277 239 38 80 80 - 65 64 1 64 64 - M illw r ig h ts -------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ------ -------------------------------------- 190 190 2. 75 2. 75 _ - _ _ - . _ _ 5 5 28 28 _ - 13 13 60 60 9 9 70 70 1 1 4 4 - - - _ - - _ - O i l e r s _________________________ _______ M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------------------------------------- 509 495 2. 26 2. 2 6 21 - 64 64 12 12 4 4 6 6 2 2 16 16 22 19 30 30 13 5 18 16 84 84 17 17 98 98 79 79 7 7 36 36 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - P a i n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e -------------- ------- ---M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------- --------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------- 264 171 93 2 . 31 2 . 51 1 .9 4 4 13 13 6 6 _ - 9 6 3 7 6 1 12 12 13 1 12 12 5 7 10 4 6 5 5 19 17 2 35 26 9 40 29 11 1 1 10 10 " 36 36 " 10 10 ■ 7 7 “ 5 5 _ ■ 14 14 “ _ " P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in te n a n c e --------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g —-------------------------------------------- 442 393 2 . 74 2. 7 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - - 8 7 27 27 26 22 9 7 29 26 23 22 1 30 1 24 117 85 29 29 32 32 5 5 7 7 - S h e e t- m e t a l w o r k e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e --------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ----------------------------------------- 92 85 2. 7 9 2. 80 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - 1 1 5 5 6 6 2 1 4 4 13 7 10 10 19 19 9 9 5 5 11 11 7 7 - - T o o l a n d d ie m a k e r s -----------------------------------M a n u f a c tu r i n g ________________________ 302 2 87 3. 04 3. 05 1 1 5 5 3 3 12 10 8 3 11 8 56 52 84 83 30 30 86 86 6 6 1 2 3 4 19 20 11 18 - E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t u n d e r $ 1. 2 0 . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . In c lu d e s 4 w o r k e r s a t u n d e r $ 1. 2 0 . . - 16 3. 30 41 41 _ _ - 421 421 32 32 12 12 - - - 5 5 48 48 _ - - 9 T a b le A -4 . C u sto d ia l a n d M a te r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs for selected occupations studied on an a r e a b a sis by industry division , B altim o re, Md, , Septem ber 1959) Occupation 1 and industry division E levator o p e ra to rs, p asse n g e r (m en)--N on m an ufactu rin g------------------------ Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ S * S Average hourly , Under 0. 70 0 .8 0 0 . 90 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1. 70 1.80 1 .9 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 $3. 00 3. 10 and earnings $ and under D. 70 . 80 . 90 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1 . 80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 2 Q 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2.80 2 . 90 3. 00 3 . 10 over 67 65 $1 . 06 1.06 185 185 1.08 1.08 E levator o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r M anufacturing ---------------------------- Ja n ito r s, p o rte rs, and c le an e rs (men) — M anufacturing ---------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 966 1. 97 565 401 Z8 2 . 28 3, 146 1,624 1,522 1.52 32 32 6 6 6 - - 1.54 - 8 8 6 6 3 3 2 42 42 68 68 21 21 5 - - 9 9 “ 5 2 3 13 13 8 7 28 4 12 1 16 3 165 94 71 157 89 150 87 63 14 153 153 688 1. 15 65 65 19 669 214 44 170 62 480 345 1.55 1 . 12 1. 13 _ - _ 2 _ 118 27 3 135 150 18 80 67 24 38 20 - _ 43 - 677 219 458 72 294 1 . 16 19 42 22 39 42 13 15 81 18 63 99 75 24 40 19 207 36 171 L a b o r e r s, m a te ria l handling ------------M anufacturing ........ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------Public u t ilit ie s 4 _________________ W holesale trad e ---------------------R etail trade --------------------------- 4,839 3, 784 1,055 193 272 582 1.96 2 . 00 O rder fille r s ---------------------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------W holesale trad e ---------------------R etail trad e _____________________ 1,229 173 1,056 486 565 1.78 1.62 1 . 81 1. 70 1 .9 0 P a c k e rs, shipping (men) ------------------M anufacturing ---------------------------N on m an ufactu rin g-----------------------Rptail traHp .... . 372 230 142 78 1 .76 1.83 1.64 1. 39 P a c k e rs, shipping (women) ___________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 497 1. 30 1.47 W holesale trad e ---------------------R etail trade _____________________ F in a n c e 3 ------------------------------Ja n ito r s, p o rte rs, and cle an e rs (women) _____________________________ M aniifartnring _ N on m an ufactu rin g__________________ Rpfail traHp nanrp ^ .. ................... Receiving c le rk s ______________________ M anufacturing _____________________ N on m an ufactu rin g-----------------------R etail trade _____________________ 88 1.86 1. 1. . 1. 38 05 90 07 1.84 2 . 18 1.87 1. 72 255 1.92 110 2 . 19 145 103 1. 71 1.60 5 11 22 2 5 39 30 6 - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ " _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ - 4 4 41 _ - 24 24 24 _ - l 2 15 25 ! 10 8 2 158 97 61 i 48 1 3 8 1 24 13 11 11 204 1 2 11 91 71 2 22 20 3 11 68 _ 212 8 11 10 1 69 59 154 67 10 j 15 11 ! 4! *4 104 I 77 27 1 8 11 6 ,1 5 57 5 34 - 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 18 18 5 5 17 17 - - - - - - - - - - 403 248 155 96 585 298 287 97 91 99 476 459 17 257 256 236 213 23 135 135 - 18 18 - 42 42 - 10 10 - 4 4 - 34 34 - 1 16 1 - 23 - _ - _ - 155 101 45 45 45 2 3 3 3 - 2 2 2 2 4 4 _ - 59 59 - _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ - 5 17 5 3 2 2 16 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 _ - _ - 20 7 136 6 _ 35 18 20 22 3 32 16 27 17 1 3 47 109 3 106 54 54 24 4 210 1 20 20 - 209 209 - 28 28 44 87 18 69 19 50 45 1 00 6 47 14 33 16 16 60 43 17 17 15 15 24 16 2 18 18 33 24 9 29 4 7 3 3 7 8 10 51 32 19 14 126 125 4 1 00 12 31 9 12 12 28 28 - 4 4 5 4 4 - 5 5 15 5 1 4 21 26 1 1 4 4 21 20 6 14 14 14 7 7 - 12 10 10 37 29 10 26 18 8 8 _i - ! 11 8 8 4 - 10 - 5 62 20 24 118 28 90 _ 90 3 3 3 3 6 1 - 8 _ l J j ____ 1 51 18 33 13 - 1 30 36 86 - 9 5 39 43 43 16 27 - _ 130 107 23 6 - 2 184 164 39 19 16 - _ 388 353 35 27 - 8 7 19 549 480 69 66 - 1 329 294 35 47 - 17q 7 151 85 22 - 8 5 146 44 - 1 352 208 144 20 - 48 47 190 67 12 12 11 1 1 234 195 39 65 15 50 45 45 138 127 4 5 16 40 40 2 10 2 54 io! 623 621 18 9 161 10 5! i | 1 6 2 241 241 31 20 L. 16 4 95 95 " 48 56 7 49 1 See footnotes at end of table, 5 31 1 6 6 20 20 54 4 - 8 68 6 6 - 4 17 17 32 32 1 14 14 134 134 13 13 1 1 60 28 32 8 16 - 12 8 12 8 20 21 8 8 154 45 109 5 96 96 26 26 _ - 1 1 - - 2 _ 2 - 8 2 1 1 1 31 18 13 7 15 5 10 9 1 1 - 10 T a b le A -4 . C u sto d ia l a n d M a t e r ia l M o v e m e n t O c c u p a tio n s- C o n tin u e d (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs fo r sele cted occupations studied on an a r e a b a sis by in dustry division, B altim o re, Md. , Septem ber 1959) Occupation 1 and in du stry division Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average hourly , Under 0. 70 0. 80 0 .9 0 1.00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 $2. 30 2 .4 0 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 *2. 80 *2. 90 3. 00 $3. 10 earnings ‘ $ and and 0. 70 under .9 0 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1 .40 1. 50 1.60 1 .70 1.80 1 .90 2. 00 2. 10 2 .2 0 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 over .8 0 Shipping cle rk s ---------- ----- --- _ _ M an u factu rin g---------- --------------N onm anufacturing____ __ __ __ R etail t r a d e ------------- ----- --- 226 121 105 74 $2. 12 2. 30 1.91 1.85 - ■ - - - 1 1 1 - 12 12 12 9 8 1 1 5 5 5 11 11 6 6 2 4 4 45 17 28 25 10 10 - 11 1 10 1 35 20 15 4 - 10 6 4 4 29 23 6 6 2 2 2 Shipping and receivin g c le rk s ----------M an u factu rin g_____________________ N onm anufacturing----------------------- 227 148 79 1.97 1.95 2. 00 - - - - - 2 2 17 15 2 9 9 _ - 11 11 35 34 1 22 19 3 26 12 14 3 3 - 14 11 3 _ - 15 10 5 _ - 59 44 15 9 9 12 9 3 _ - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 21 28 18 29 16 12 - _ - - - - 49 15 34 43 43 60 60 39 3 36 55 26 29 23 18 5 - - * - - 12 11 25 9 54 6 15 1 19 4 4 58 40 18 2 6 5 160 34 126 62 6 57 141 112 29 13 6 9 105 39 66 33 30 3 255 8 247 17 16 213 248 15 233 80 152 1 429 26 403 353 45 5 305 65 240 238 2 - 529 414 115 34 81 16 12 4 _ 4 - - - - - 14 10 20 ■ - 14 10 20 24 3 21 9 6 3 7 7 - " 3 3 - 8 7 1 1 1 - 9 8 1 5 5 - 7 7 " 58 40 18 2 6 5 151 125 62 6 56 27 2 25 12 6 7 31 31 4 27 37 7 30 16 14 140 140 12 128 92 1 91 66 25 46 11 35 35 113 113 - - 30 6 24 24 264 264 - 153 23 130 2 - - T ru ck d riv ers 6 _______________________ M an u factu rin g---------------------Nonmanufacturing „ --------------- __ Public u t ilit ie s 4 ___________ __ W holesale trade ______________ R etail t r a d e ____________________ 2, 666 847 1, 819 798 557 409 T ru c k d riv ers, light (under l 1^ tons) _ ________ _____ ________ M an u factu rin g__________________ N onm anufacturing------- --------- 248 177 71 2. 12 2.43 1. 35 - - T ru c k d riv ers, m edium h to and including 4 tons) ____ __ __ M an u factu rin g_____ _ ------N onm anufacturing------------------Public u t ilit ie s 4 _____________ W holesale trade ----- ------R etail t r a d e ---------- __ __ 821 246 575 209 236 97 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 04 10 01 14 08 73 - - - - - 23 15 8 21 21 10 10 15 15 41 20 21 16 11 5 - - - - - 8 5 7 5 5 3 1 11 4 4 T ru c k d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, tr a ile r type) -------------------M an u factu rin g__________________ Nonmanufacturing --- --- --W holesale trade __ _____ __ 837 162 675 197 2. 2. 2. 2. 39 21 43 50 - - - - - - - 18 - 5 - - - - - - - - - 18 18 - 5 5 - “ 5 4 1 - 67 65 2 - 19 14 5 3 T ru c k d riv ers, h eavy(over 4 tons, other than tr a ile r type) ___________ M an u factu rin g------ ----------- __ N onm anufacturing------------------- 497 202 295 2. 20 2. 36 2. 10 - - - - - 12 12 12 - " ■ ■ 12 12 12 1, 617 1,480 137 48 54 2. 39 2.4 0 2. 22 2. 39 2. 25 - - - - - 2 2 12 10 2 T ru c k e rs, power (other than forklift) __ 535 2. 48 Watchmen ----------- --------- ----------M an u factu rin g-------- ----------------N on m an ufacturin g __________________________ Public u t ilit ie s 4 ________________________ 530 328 202 38 70 1.45 1. 56 1.28 T ru c k e rs, power (forklift) ___________ M an u factu rin g---------------------------N on m an ufacturin g----- ------------Public u t ilit ie s 4 ________________ R etail t r a d e --------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 66 1 16 . . - _ _ - . . - - 44 36 8 - 23 54 - - 23 54 2 - 16 8 33 13 20 38 7 31 11 25 4 6 D ata lim ited to men w ork ers except where otherw ise indicated. E xclu d es prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and re al estate. T ran sp ortation (excluding ra ilro a d s), com m unication, and other public u tilitie s. A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 0. 60 to $ 0. 70. Includes all d riv e rs re g a r d le ss of size and type of truck operated. •71 63 8 2 6 10 10 - - 26 6 9 8 ---- 5“ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ - 5 5 137 6 131 131 - 14 14 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 139 44 95 14 10 6 4 4 127 127 127 - “ - " 32 12 20 146 126 20 1 1 - 4 4 - - 232 174 58 30 28 235 215 20 18 2 538 537 1 38 38 223 223 _ - - - - 31 46 25 17 10 7 7 17 16 1 1 1 - - - - 38 " 25 • 215 - - 38 " 25 ~ ‘ 215 - 139 139 - 27 25 2 45 26 19 32 2 30 24 24 - 2 2 19 16 33 22 45 29 16 16 . 1 1 4 _ 8 5 3 66 56 10 - - 3 1 11 9 2 6 45 45 - 28 27 65 10 ~ z r ] 17 - - - - . 13 8 ~~nr — r 1 1 2 - 120 5 120 ---- 5" - 2 ---- T~ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 3 _ - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 60 26 185 37 _ 16 _ . . . . . . . - - - - - - - _ - 11 Appendix : Occupationql Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a s s i s t its field sta ff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This is e sse n tia l in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. B ecau se of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significan tly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes ln applying th ese job description s, the Bureau’ s field econom ists are instructed to exclude working su perv isors, apprentices, learners, beginners, train ees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O FFIC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statem ents, b ills, and in v oices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typewriter. May a lso keep records a s to billin gs or shipping charges or perform other cle rica l work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are c la ssifie d by type of machine, a s follow s: O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National C ash R eg ister, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of b u sin e ss tran sactio n s. B i l l e r , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) — U se s a sp e c ia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott F ish er, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills and in vo ices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandum, etc. U sually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping ch arges and entry of n ecessary exten sion s, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and to tals which are autom atically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon co p ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine>J— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt Fish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers’ b ills a s part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The machine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit b alan ces. D oes not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of s a le s and credit s lip s . Class A — K eeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare con solidated re ports, balance sh e e ts, and other records by hand. Class B — K eeps a record of one or more p h ases or sectio n s of a se t of records usually requiring little knowledge of b a sic bookkeeping. P h a se s or sectio n s include accounts payable, pay roll, cu stom ers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), co st distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a s s i s t in prep aration of trial balan ces and prepare control sh eets for the a c counting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c countant, has respon sibility for keeping one or more se ctio n s of a complete s e t of books or records relating to one ph ase of an e s tablishm ent’s b u sin ess transactions. Work involves posting and 12 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assign ations and allocations. May a s s is t in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct c la s s B accounting clerks. C lass B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh eets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paymaster in making up and distrib uting pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of sta tistica l or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) CLERK, FILE C lass A— R esponsible for maintaining an established filing system . C la ssifie s and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with file s or supervise others in filing and locating material in the file s. May perform incidental clerical duties. C lass B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified , or locates or a s s is ts in locating ma terial in the file s. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sh eet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to se e that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilitie s, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjust ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and sta tistica l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep file s of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 13 SECRETARY SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering a n d making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or therecorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May pre pare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May a lso se t up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribingmachine work (se e transcribing-machine operator). p o si also This time OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; se ts or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing- Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is c la ssified as a stenographer, general. machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR TYPIST Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls. May record toll c a lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who ca ll in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. U ses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 14 T Y P IST — Continued T Y P IST — Continued Class A — Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance PROFESSIONAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssista n t draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEA D ER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B — Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. ND TE C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED ) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 15 M A IN TEN A N C E D P O W E R P LA N T C A R PEN TER , MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BO ILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIA N , MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. H E L P E R , TRA D ES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 16 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O ILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PA IN TER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 17 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool m a k e r ; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. C U ST O D IA L AND M A T E R IA L M OVEM ENT ELEVATO R OPERATOR, PASSEN GER JANITOR, PO R TER , OR C LEA N ER — Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte-» nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PO R TER , OR C LEA N ER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LA BO RER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 18 LA BO RER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LER K Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRU CKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I960 O -540520 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor markets during late 1959 and early I960. These bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor markets, combined with additional analysis will be issued early in 1961. Bulletins for the areas listed below are now available. Cleveland, Ohio, September 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Seattle, Wash., August 1959—BLS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents
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