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Occupational Wage Survey
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
APRIL 1957
Bulletin No. 1202-16
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague, Commts»on«r
Occupational Wage Survey
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
APRIL 1957
Bulletin No. 1202-16
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
James P. Mitchell, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Claguo, Commissioner
July 1957
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
- Price 25 cents
Preface
Contents
Page
T h e C o m m u n ity W a ge S u rv e y P r o g r a m
T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con du cts
a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l
c e n te r s . T h e s tu d ie s , m ad e f r o m ia te f a l l to e a r ly s p rin g ,
r e la te to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p lem e n ta ry
b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n
o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the
p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l data
not in clu d ed in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tic a l
b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s o f a ll o f the y e a r * s s u r v e y s
is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the
c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s .
In tro d u c tio n ________________________________________________________________
W age tr e n d s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s _______________________
1
3
T a b le s :
1.
2.
A:
B:
E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s cop e o f s u r v e y ________
In d e x e s o f stan d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h ttim e h o u rly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s ,
and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r i o d s _____________
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s * A - 1: O ffic e oc c u p a tio n s _________________________________________
A - 2: P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s _______________
A - 3: M a in ten a n c e and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a t io n s _____________
A - 4 : C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s ______
E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e
p r o v is io n s * B - 1: Shift d if fe r e n t ia l p r o v is io n s ____________________________
B -2 : M in im u m e n tra n c e r a te s f o r w o m e n o ffic e
w o r k e r s ___________________________________________________
B -3 :
S ch edu led w e e k ly h ou rs __________________________________
B -4 ;
P a id h o lid a y s ______________________________________________
B -5 :
P a id v a c a tio n s _____________________________________________
B -6 :
H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , and p e n s io n p l a n s _________________
A p p e n d ix :
Job d e s c r ip tio n s _____________________________________________
2
3
5
8
9
10
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
* NO TE:
S im ila r tab u la tion s f o r m o s t o f th ese ite m s a r e a v a i l a
b le in the A tla n ta a r e a r e p o r ts f o r M a r c h in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954,
and 1955, and fo r A p r i l 1956.
T h e 1954 r e p o r t a ls o p r o v id e s
ta b u la tion s o f w a g e s tr u c tu r e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s , la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t
a g r e e m e n ts , and o v e r t im e pay p r o v is io n s .
T h e 1955 r e p o r t a ls o
in c lu d e d d ata on fr e q u e n c y o f w a g e p a y m e n ts , and p ay p r o v is io n s
f o r h o lid a y s fa llin g on n o n w o rk d a y s .
A d ir e c t o r y in d ic a tin g date
o f study and the p r ic e o f th e r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r t s f o r o th e r
m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t.
U n ion s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay l e v e l s , a r e a v a i l a
b le f o r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s :
B u ild in g c o n s tru c tio n ,
p rin tin g , lo c a l- t r a n s it o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r i v e r s ,
Occupational Wage Survey - Atlanta, G a.#
Introduction
The Atlanta area is one of several important industrial centers
in which the Department of L a b o rs Bureau of Labor Statistics has
conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits
on an areawide basis.
In each area, data are obtained by personal
visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within
six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding
railroads), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade;
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major
industry groups excluded from these studies, besides railroads, are
government operations and the construction and extractive industries.
Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of workers are
omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occu
pations studied to warrant inclusion. 1 W herever possible, separate
tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions.
to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) fo r which
straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these
occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.
These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the
unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain
appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large
than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how
ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates
based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e
lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, except
for those below the minimum size studied.
Information is presented also (in the B -series tables) on se
lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they
relate to office and plant workers.
The term "o ffic e w o rk e rs ," as
used in this bulletin, includes all office c le ric a l em ployees and ex
cludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel.
"Plant w orkers" include working forem en and all nonsupervisory work
ers (including leadmen and trainees^ engaged in nonoffice functions.
Adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and
force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate
work force are excluded.
C afeteria w orkers and routemen are ex
cluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant workers
in nonmanufacturing industries.
Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all
establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu
ally surveyed.
Because of differences in occupational structure among
establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from
the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative
importance of the jobs studied.
These differences in occupational
structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.
Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Occupations and Earnings
The occupations selected for study are common to a variety
of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational cla s
sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to
take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same
job (see appendix for listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are
presented (in the A -s e rie s tables) for the following types of occupa
tions: (a) O ffice clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte
nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement.
Shift differential data (table B - l) are lim ited to manufacturing
industries.
This information is presented both in terms of (a) estab
lishment policy, 2 presented in term s of total plant worker em ploy
ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers
actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey.
In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to
a m ajority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the cla s
sification "oth er" was used.
Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for
full-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched
ule in the given occupational classification.
Earnings data exclude
premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and
late shifts.
Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included.
Where weekly
hours are reported, as for office c le ric a l occupations, reference is
Minimum entrance rates (table B-2) relate only to the estab
lishments visited.
They are presented on an establishment, rather
than on an employment basis.
Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid
vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statis
tically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office
* This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional office in
Atlanta, Ga. , by Bernard J. Fahres, under the direction of Louis B.
Woytych, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst.
1 See table 1 for m inim um -size establishment covered.
2
An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met
either of the following conditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time
of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts.
( 1)
2
workers if a m ajority of such workers are eligible or may eventually
qualify fo r the practices lis te d .3 Because of rounding, sums of indi
vidual items in these tabulations do not n ecessarily equal totals.
The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arrange
ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time o ff with pay is granted
at the discretion of the em ployer.
Separate estimates are provided
according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such
as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts.
However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on
a time basis w ere converted; fo r example, a payment of 2 percent of
annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week’ s pay.
Data are presented fo r all health, insurance, and pension
plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer,
excepting only legal requirements such as workmen’ s compensation and
social security. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m er
cial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid
directly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or from a fund
set aside fo r this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of
life insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in
surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly
to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident
disability.
Information is presented for all such plans to which the
em ployer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which
have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em
ployer contributions,4 plans are included only if the employer (l) con
tributes more than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the employee
with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law.
Tabulations
of paid sick-leave plans are lim ited to form al plans5 which provide
full pay or a proportion of the w ork er’ s pay during absence from work
because of illness.
Separate tabulations are provided according to
(l) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans
providing either partial pay or a waiting period.
In addition to the
presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness
and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is
shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits.
Catastrophe insurance, sometimes re ferred to as extended
medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect
employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond
the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial
payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er
cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be
self-insured. Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are lim ited to
those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the
w ork er's life .
4 The tem porary disability laws in C alifornia and Rhode Island
do not require em ployer contributions.
5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if
3
Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (fir s t section it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that
of
table B-3) are presented in term s of the proportion of women office
could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written,
workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women
but inform al sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis,
w ere excluded.
workers.
T a b le 1:
E s ta b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ie d in A tla n ta , G a. , 1 b y m a jo r in d u s tr y d i v is i o n , A p r i l 1 9 5 7 *
I n d u s try d iv is io n
A l l d iv is io n s _ _____
_________
_________________________________________
M a n u fa ctu rin g
_
_
.
.
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g __ ____________________________ __________________________
T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a il r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n ,
and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s 5 ___________________________________________
W h o le s a le tra d e _________________________ _ ______
________________
R e t a il tr a d e
_T
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te _
_
S e r v ic e s 7 _
M in im u m
e m p lo y m e n t
in e s t a b lis h
m en ts in s c o p e
o f stu d y
N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts
W ithin
scop e of
stu d y 3
Stu died
51
727
51
51
239
488
51
51
51
51
51
58
132
130
83
85
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s
W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y
S tu died
T o t a l4
O ffi c e
P la n t
195
1 6 4 ,6 0 0
3 4 ,4 0 0
102, 000
1 0 3 ,8 7 0
56
139
7 5 ,5 0 0
8 9 ,1 0 0
7, 900
2 6 ,5 0 0
5 6 ,3 0 0
4 5 ,7 0 0
5 0 ,7 6 0
5 3 ,1 1 0
22
36
35
27
19
2 1 ,7 0 0
1 6 ,9 0 0
2 7 ,1 0 0
1 4 ,1 0 0
9 , 300
4,
5,
3,
9,
900
800
700
800
(8)
1 1 ,3 0 0
7, 700
2 0 ,1 0 0
6
800
( 8)
T o t a l4
17,
6,
17,
7,
3,
810
920
800
210
370
1 T h e A tla n ta M e t r o p o lit a n A r e a (C la y to n , C o b b , D e K a lb , and F u lto n C o u n t ie s ). T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f stu d y " e s t im a t e s show n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s i z e and
c o m p o s i t i o n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t im a t e s a r e not in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e l s
s in c e ( l ) pla n n in g o f w ag e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the use o f e s t a b lis h m e n t data c o m p il e d c o n s id e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the pa y p e r io d stu d ie d , and (2) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f s u r v e y .
C h a n g es in w a g e s and r e la t e d p r a c t ic e s n e g o tia te d in M a y that w e r e r e t r o a c t iv e to A p r i l a r e in clu d e d .
3 In clu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in i m u m -s i z e lim it a t io n .
A l l o u tlets (w ith in the a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in s u c h in d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , a u to r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and
m o t io n - p i c t u r e t h e a te rs a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t .
4 In clu d e s e x e c u t iv e , t e c h n ic a l, p r o f e s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e o f f ic e and plant c a t e g o r i e s .
5 A l s o e x c lu d e s t a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a te r t r a n s p o r t a t io n .
6 E s tim a te r e la t e s to r e a l e sta te e s t a b lis h m e n t s on ly .
7 H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b ile r e p a i r s h o p s ; r a d io b r o a d c a s t in g and t e le v is io n ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s .
8 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " in the S e r i e s A and B t a b le s , a lth ou g h c o v e r a g e w a s in s u ffic ie n t to j u s t if y s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f data.
i
3
Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups
The table below presents indexes of salaries of office c le rica l
workers and industrial nurses, and of average earnings of selected
plant worker groups.
F or office c le rica l workers and industrial nurses, the indexes
relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is,
the standard work schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid.
For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-tim e hourly
earnings, excluding premium pay for overtim e and for work on week
ends, holidays, and late shifts.
The indexes are based on data for
selected key occupations and include most of the num erically im
portant jobs within each group.
The office c le rica l data are based
on women in the following 18 jobs: B illers, machine (billing ma
chine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer
operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, pay
ro ll; key-punch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers,
general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator-receptionists;
tabula ting-machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, gen
eral; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based
on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled mainte
nance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker
data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; m e
chanics, automotive; m illw rights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal
w orkers; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and
cleaners; laborers, m aterial handling; and watchmen.
Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were
computed fo r each of the selected occupations. The average salaries
or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average of March
1953 and March 1954 employment in the job.
These weighted earn
ings for individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an a ggre
gate for each occupational group.
Finally, the ratio of these group
aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (sur
vey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by
the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year.
The indexes measure, principally, the effects of (l ) general
salary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other increases in pay received
by individual workers while in the same job; and(3) changes in the
labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reduc
tions, and changes in the proportion of workers employed by estab
lishments with different pay levels.
Changes in the labor force can
cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without
actual wage changes. F o r example, a force expansion might increase
the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and r e
sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion
of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement
of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average
earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other
area establishments.
The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects
of changes in the proportion of w orkers represented in each job in
cluded in the data.
Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in
standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtim e, since they
are based on pay fo r straight-tim e hours.
Indexes for the period 1953 to 1956 for workers in 15 major
labor markets appeared in BJLS Bull. 1188, Wages and Related Benefits,
17 Labor Markets, 1955-56.
T ab le 2: In d ex es of sta n d a rd w ee k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s in A tla n ta , G a. ,
A p ril 1957 and A p r il 1956 and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e for s e le c t e d p e r io d s
(M a rch 1953=100)
A p ril 1957
A p ril 1956
In d u stry and o ccu p a tio n a l group
A ll in d u s tr ie s :
O ffice c le r ic a l (w om enl ......
In d u stria l n u r s e s (w om en) ....................
S k ille d m a in ten a n ce (m en)
_
U n sk ille d p lant (m en)
M anu facturing:
O ffic e c le r ic a l (w om en) .
. . . . . . . .
In d u stria l n u r s e s (w om en)
. ............
S k ille d m a in ten a n ce (m en) ._ ...
U n sk illed p lan t (m en)
_ _ ...... .
A p r il 1956
M arch 1955
P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m —
M arch 1954 M arch 1953
M arch 1952
M arch 1952
A p ril 1957
A p r il 1956
M arch 1955
M arch 1954
M arch 1953
A p r il 1957
115.
124.
119.
128.
........
6
4
1
6
1 1 1 .8
119. 8
114. 1
122. 6
3. 4
3. 8
4. 3
4. 9
6. 3
9. 0
5. 4
13. 6
2. 2
4. 3
2. 9
1. 8
3. 0
5. 3
5. 3
5. 9
5. 5
5. 6
7. 4
7. 1
2 1 .9
31. 5
27. 8
37. 7
116.
124.
118.
126.
0
4
0
7
110.
118.
113.
118.
5. 0
5. 0
3. 9
6. 6
4. 4
8. 8
5. 0
11. 4
1.
4.
3.
1.
3. 8
4. 4
4. 9
4. 9
6. 1
7. 1
6. 8
8. 4
23.
33.
26.
37.
5
5
6
9
9
3
1
7
2
3
0
4
A: Occupational Earnings
5
T a b le A - l: O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is
in A tla n ta , G a. , by in d u s tr y d i v is i o n , A p r i l 1957)
Number
of
workers
S e x , o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n
Average
$
Weekly j Weekly . 3 0 . 0 0
earnings 1
(Standard) (Standard) a n d
1Sd 85
$
3 5 . 00
$
4 0 . 00
$
4 5 . 00
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W EEKLY EARNINGS OF—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0
4 0 . 00
4 5 . 00
5 0 . 00
55 . 00
6 0 . 00
6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00
7 5 . 00
8 0 . 00
8 3 . 00
53
20
33
2
20
2
9
64
6
58
6
18
6
21
81
18
63
1
45
6
11
qo.
on
q s.
on
$
$
$
1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0
and
1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 3 .0 0
1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 3 .0 0
M en
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A __________ _ _________ ______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________ _________ ___
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________ _______ ________ _______
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __________ ______________ ___________ ___
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________ ________________________________
F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
511
117
394
87
202
28
69
39. 5
40. 0
39. 5
39. 5
4 0 .0
42. 5
38. 0
8 6 . 00
6 5 . 50
8 6 . 50
1 0 1 .0 0
85. 00
82. 00
7 5 . 50
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B _______________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ ________________ _____________________________
N o n m a n u 'f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________________________________
W h o le s a le tr a d e
____________ ________ ____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ______________________________________________________
F i n a n c e * * ___________ _________________ ______ ______________
521
132
389
28
247
30
77
39.
40.
39.
39.
40.
41.
37.
5
0
5
5
0
5
5
65.
65.
65.
84.
65.
65.
57.
50
50
50
00
50
50
50
C l e r k s , o r d e r ____________________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________ ___________ _____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________ ___________ ___
R e t a i l t r a d e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
253
40
213
177
36
40. 0
" 40 : 0 "
40. 5
40. 0
42. 5
71.
70.
72.
73.
67.
50
00
00
00
00
84
C l e r k s , p a y r o l l __________________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ __________________________________ — u —
38
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____ ___________ _____________________________
263
40. 0
39. 5
4 0 .0
7 7 . 50
7 7 . 50
7 7 . 50
48.
41.
48.
51.
48*
45.
00
00
00
50
00
50
5
0
0
5
0
69.
6 l.
66.
71.
73.
62.
00
50
50
50
50
50
5
0
5
0
0
39. 5
39. 5
O f f i c e b o y s _______________________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________ ________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________ ________________________
F i n a n c e * * ___________ __ _____ _____________ ___________
225
29
69
85
39.
— ■ 39:
39.
38.
39.
39.
0
5—
0
5
5
0
T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s --------------- -----------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________ ______________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __ ___________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __ ___ __________________ ____
________
F i n a n c e * * ______________________________________ ___________ __
178
32
146
38
31
62
39. 0
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) ____ ________ _________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ ______________________________ ________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________ __ — --------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e _ --------------- --------- ----------------------- _
176
64
112
61
28
39.
40.
39.
40.
40.
B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) -----------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________________________________________
35
30
-
-
-
-
2
1
1
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
1
12
3
9
-
4
1
4
_
_
5
-
-
-
5
30
10
20
86
22
64
79
16
63
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
_
_
6
-
-
-
.
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-
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-
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_
2
2
-
-
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.
6
6
3
-------3—
-
21
6
15
-
7
_
8
88
30
58
3
43
35
10
25
2
23
-
-
31
10
21
17
4
50
1
13
29
6
26
11
18
3
15
14
1
9
9
9
-
29
------- 9
20
13
7
3
3
-
4
4
-
4
-
_
-
-
2
70
95
62
T7— -------8----- ------- 3 —
78
62
58
8
5
8
22
18
23
17
37
29
25
""7-----18
4
3
-
3
21
21
5
5
11
4
-
7
7
4
3
-
11
------- T ~
8
1
1
-
10
3
16
14
2
6
5
1
2
2
-
3
1
2
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 2 -------- 8 —
3
j-----11
5
-
-------- T —
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
3
3
_
-
_
22
1
21
12
17
11
6
4
_
-
9
9
-
_
1
-
-
2
-
_
_
-
5 4 . 00
5 3. 00
-
1
2
2
-
-
1
1
1
-
-
6
-
15
1 15
21
9
12
12
-
-
1
-
22
9
13
13
-
-
-
1
2
30
8
22
16
3
-
6
7
25
18
7
3
3
1
37
7
30
19
7
-
4
4
-
10
3
7
4
1
2
8
4
4
-
1
1
-
25
4
21
4
9
8
6
6
6
-
1
-
11
--------5
5
5
-
6
3
3
.
-
4
1
1
-
--------
2
_
-
24
2
22
6
5
8
5 6 . 00
6 1 .0 0
53 . 50
58. 50
4 6 . 00
_
1
-
27
1
26
9
3
11
10
-
_
-
-
-
5
-
_
“
17
-
-
-
-
_
7
7
“
-
4
3
1
1
-
-
10
1
32
8
24
12
10
-
41
3
38
34
4
11
9
-
11
--------7 —
4
4
-
-
17
13
3
20
43
2
41
35
6
-
15
1
14
4
10
-
-
20
6
14
29
9
20
-
-
34
11
23
6
16
-
-
10
9
1
8
1
41
14
27
20
6
1
-
-
_
-
67
17
50
19
19
9
3
38
7
31
22
9
2
2
-
-
10
27
8
19
2
14
1
2
53
10
43
8
29
4
2
7
-
_
10
-
26
2
7
75
14
61
1
35
6
19
8
2
10
11
6
5
40
5
35
-
-
.
-
•
1
1
_
3
3
_
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
3
3
2
-
2
_
-
-
6
3
_
2
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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_
-
_
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.
“
_
“
.
-
_
■
_
-
6
5
1
3
2
W om en
150
B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A __________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ — 3 2 —
118
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________
39
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __ ________________________________________
39. 5
5 9 .5
40. 0
40. 0
62. 00
' 7 5 .5 0 '
5 8 . 50
66 . 00
-
“
S ee fo o t n o t e at en d o f t a b le .
* T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u tilitie s
** F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .
6
4
34
9
25
1
8
_
-
9
9
8
8
2
2
4
3
8
5
_
-
4
4
“
34
34
4
16
16
14
14
"
"
11
1
10
6
'
23
— TO—
13
13
.
'
-
-
-
-
'
O c c u p a tio n a l W a ge S u r v e y , A tla n ta , G a. , A p r il 1957
U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s
6
T a b l e A-1: O f f i c e O c c u p a t i o n s - C o n t i n u e d
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d o n an a r e a b a s is
in A tla n ta , G a. , by in d u str y d iv is io n , A p r i l 1957)
Average
S e x , o c c u p a tio n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n
Number
of
workers
$
Weekly, Weekly j 3 0 . 0 0
hours
earnings
(Standard) (Standard) a n d
$
3 5 . 00
$
4 0 . 00
$
4 5 . 00
4 0 . 00
4 5 . 00
5 0 . 00
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W EEKLY EARNINGS OF—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0
and
5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 .0 0 o v e r
W o m e n - C o n tin u e d
56.
60.
55.
57.
54.
52.
00
00
50
50
50
50
B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________
______________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___ ____ ___ ____ ____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e --------------------------------------------------------------------------F i n a n c e * * __ __________ ___________________ ______________
602
70
532
2 )2
92
192
39.
39.
39.
40.
39.
39.
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ____________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ ______ ________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________ _____ _____________________ _
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __ ___ _____________ _________ __ _______
F i n a n c e * * __ _______ _ _ _______________ ________________
506
81
425
100
67
64
169
39. 5
3 9 .5
39. 5
39. 0
39. 5
40. 0
39. 0
7 1 .0 0
1 4 . 00
7 0 . 50
8 4 . 50
7 1 .0 0
6 9 . 50
62. 00
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ____________________________________ 1, 6 4 0
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________
233
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________ _ ___ ________ ’______________ 1, 4 0 7
438
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________ ______________________ ___
316
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______ ___________________________________
224
R e t a i l t r a d e _____ _ _ ------------------- ------ — ----------------336
F i n a n c e * * __________ _____________ ____________________ _
39.
39.
39.
38.
40.
40.
38.
0
5
0
0
0
5
5
55.
58.
54.
58.
58.
50.
49.
00
50
50
50
00
50
50
246
216
34
98
39.
39.
40.
38.
5
0
0
5
56.
54.
60.
52.
00
00
50
00
C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B _____________________________________________ 1, 0 1 0
M a n u fa c tu rin g
....................... _ ........... .
~T7
933
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ ____ _ ________________
42
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
121
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________ _________ __ ------------ _
126
R e t a i l t r a d e _____________ _________ _______ __ ________
602
F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39.
39.
39.
38.
40.
40.
39.
5
5
5
0
0
5
0
45.
59.
44.
51.
49.
41.
43.
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
C le rk s , o rd e r
279
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________ -------4 7 ----232
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ ________ _____
___________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________________________________________
169
63
R e t a i l t r a d e ________ __ ____________________________ _____
39.
39.
39.
39.
40.
5
5
5
5
0
53.
'5 7 .
52.
53.
48.
00
6<T
50
50
50
C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A — ___________________ _______
_______
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________ ____________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _____________
__________________________
F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
5
5
0
5
5
C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ______________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ ______ ____________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________ __________ ___ _ __________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __ ______________ _____________ _______
R e t a i l t r a d e _ _____________ __ ___________________________
F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
483
191
292
82
92
59
25
39. 5
3 9 .5
39. 0
37. 5
39. 5
40. 0
39. 5
62. 00
6 3 .0 8
6 1 . 50
6 5 . 50
6 5 . 50
56. 00
56. 50
C o m p to m e te r o p e ra to r s
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________ __________ __________ ___ _____
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
W h o le s a le tr a d e _
R e t a i l t r a d e ____ ________________ __________________ ______
582
65
517
39.
40.
39.
38.
39.
39.
59.
67.
57.
64.
58.
56.
33
294
141
5
0
5
0
5
5
00
50
50
50
50
50
*
-
“
55
?
48
14
34
97
1
96
26
15
51
136
18
118
52
20
45
149
20
129
64
20
28
67
6
61
34
6
20
37
2
35
19
9
7
26
3
23
14
1
29
11
18
3
8
6
4
1
3
-
2
1
1
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
3
3
3
22
22
1
8
13
24
24
2
22
61
4
57
6
15
4
32
89
19
70
5
9
11
37
69
9
60
9
11
7
27
45
4
41
6
7
3
22
66
23
43
27
5
8
3
36
5
31
4
12
11
4
28
2
26
6
3
7
2
36
11
25
14
5
3
3
8
3
5
4
1
7
1
6
6
-
2
2
2
.
-
2
2
2
_
-
239
22
217
16
36
47
108
345
31
314
123
45
46
68
360
318
74
53
65
86
257
50
207
64
60
32
48
155
32
123
33
47
16
19
131
19
112
64
32
11
5
37
5
32
8
22
2
“
53
16
37
22
15
-
33
11
22
15
4
1
2
13
5
8
6
2
-
6
6
6
-
1
1
1
-
5
5
5
-
26
25
14
51
47
34
60
515
10
19
31
30
5
6
27
24
10
13
22
8
5
7
3
5
85
85
36
49
483
1
482
6
20
46
391
250
6
244
18
65
21
118
106
29
77
5
20
17
34
28
5
23
6
10
7
12
2
10
5
2
3
35
34
1
1
-
2
2
2
-
_
-
_
-
6
6
6
19
-
3
3
3
-
1
1
1
-
_
_
-
_
"
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
53
4
49
36
13
38
10
28
9
19
91
7
84
65
19
39
12
27
23
4
28
3
25
21
4
9
6
3
3
14
2
12
12
_
-
1
1
-
_
-
_
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
5
5
1
4
52
7
45
10
9
9
8
67
23
44
10
3
11
3
93
44
49
12
17
12
7
106
56
50
8
19
13
4
45
12
33
7
16
8
1
36
14
22
9
12
24
1
23
15
6
1
1
19
11
8
1
7
5
2
3
2
1
2
2
-
-
21
12
9
7
1
1
-
-
'
■
■
82
107
5
102
133
13
120
98
17
81
56
2
54
36
11
25
5
_
5
3
66
6
6
4
4
7
5
2
1
1
-
_
_
-
_
-
"
_
29
-
-
"
"
S ee fo o tn o te at en d o f t a b le .
* T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a il r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
** F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .
-
4
-
-
82
29
2
6
12
3
'
45
17
4l
23
65
43
42
29
W ~ --------8
46
4
-
1
13
5
21
9
12
_
4
8
4
3
1
_
1
-
4
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
4
4
4
_
_
_
_
-
.
-
8
8
8
_
_
_
.
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
3
2
1
1
_
-
_
-
l
l
i
1
1
-
-
_
-
4
_
4
_
-
-
-
-
“
■
-
■
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
1
4
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
7
T a b le A - l: O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d
( A v e ra g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d on a n a re a b a s is
in A tla n ta , G a. , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s io n , A p r i l 19 5 7 )
Average
Number
of
workers
S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , S .nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W EEKLY EARNINGS OF—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3 5 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 100.00 1 0 5 . 0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 .0 0
and
4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . o o 1 1 5 .0 0 o v e r
Weekly,
Weekly . l o . 00
hours 1 earnings 1 a n d
(Standard) (Standard) u n d e r
3 5 . 00
W o m e n - C o n tin u e d
D u p lic a tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ( m im e o g ra p h
o r d i t t o ) _______ _____________________________________________________
39. 0
$
5 1 . 50
-
-
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
40.
39.
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
56.
69.
53.
61.
55.
48.
50.
00
00
50
50
50
00
00
.
-
3
3
3
“
91
91
100
36
17
35
6
1
2
157
O f f i c e g i r l s ___________________________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________
149
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -------------------- ------------------------------------------29
72
F i n a n c e * * ______________ __________ _______________ _____
1, 7 0 0
S e c r e t a r i e s ___________________________________________________________
470
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ __ ______________ _______________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________ __ ---------------------- 1, 2 3 0
220
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________ __ _______________________
313
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________________
186
R e t a i l t r a d e ______________________________________ __________
418
F i n a n c e * * _______________________________ ___________________
39. 5
39. 3
40. 0
39. 0
39. 5
3 9 .5
39. 5
39. 0
3 9 .5
39. 0
39. 0
46.
46.
49.
45.
73.
75.
72.
88.
72.
67.
67.
50
$0
50
00
00
50
00
50
50
00
00
_
3
--------3
3
70
69
9
37
S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ________ __ ___________________________ 1, 6 5 3
326
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________ _______________________ 1, 3 2 7
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _________________________________________ _
305
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________________
399
131
R e t a i l t r a d e „ ________________ ___________________________
398
F i n a n c e * * __________ ___________________ ___________________
243
S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ____________________________________________
45
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ _______________________ "
198
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________
25
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________________ __________
81
R e t a i l t r a d e _______________ ______________________________
31
F i n a n c e * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. 0
39. 5
39. 0
38. 5
39. 5
40. 0
39. 0
4 1 .0
39. 5
41. 5
39. 5
40. 5
39. 0
61.
62.
60.
64.
64.
55.
55.
53.
68.
50.
64.
46.
59.
00
50
50
50
50
50
00
50
50
00
00
50
00
40.
39.
40.
40.
39.
40.
38.
0
5
0
0
5
5
5
55. 00
54. 00
5 5 . 50
67. 00
5 6 . 50
5 1 .0 0 .
4 9 . 50
K e y - p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ______________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________ __ _____ ____________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ____________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________ ______
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________________
F i n a n c e * * ______ __ ________________________________________
S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a to r - r e c e p t i o n is t s
--------- --------- -----------M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________ ______ ______________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ _______
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________ ______ _____ ___________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e _______________________________ ______________
F i n a n c e * * --------------- ---------------------- --------- -------------- —
35
503
Si
422
75
122
51
162
380
118
262
37
100
35
62
T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _______ ______________ ______
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _________ ____________ _________ ______
F i n a n c e * * __ ___________________________________________ —
113
91
36
30
39.
39.
39.
39.
0
0
0
5
59.
56.
56.
55.
00
00'
00
50
T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l _______________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________ ________________ _______
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _________________________ ___________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________________
F i n a n c e * * ___________________ ________________________________
430
85
345
125
184
39.
40.
39.
39.
39.
5
0
5
5
0
55.
56.
55.
59.
53.
50
00
50
50
00
Se e fo o tn o te a t end o f ta b le .
* T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) ,
* * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a nd r e a l e s ta te .
-
2
1
2
2
1
2
-
_
24
24
-
_
-
-
-
_
14
14
-
8
.
-
8
2
2
0
1
19
9
4
67
8
59
3
7
49
33
33
1
2
1
-
2
2
1
0
1
2
4
8
1
0
5
95
18
57
40
31
30
9
14
65
3
62
6
15
31
4
27
9
17
9
15
34
116
34 •
82
3
28
13
31
_
13
2
1
n — ~ T l—
3
9
7
i
_
-
21
67
rs
52
-
2
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
5
14
3
4
7
28
15
13
5
2
0
6
31
24
7
1
2
.
-
-
-
-
6
29
91
5
5
5
307
64
243
199
132
67
19
.
18
4
14
67
28
114
_
199
30
169
34
52
.
119
38
81
28
17
38
_
272
96
174
17
50
42
57
_
_
27
3
24
_
-
2
51
23
3
-
3
-
3
3
3
-
5
7
4
4
-
5
5
-
8
2
0
4
3
12
0
1
15
14”
7
18
— IT 7
6
-
64
12
18
46
58
' 15
1
9
1
1
21
79
50
2 ----0
30
1
1
8
118
31
87
18
-
4
51
13
38
13
19
3
3
2
1
1
276
343
289
----- 6 4 ----- — 5 0 ------7 4
212
229
269
24
25
41
77
58
11
2
1
1
28
2
6
32
14
70
87
72
85
33
41
28
16
7
3
1
6
27
26
38
1
0
1
5
2
1
2
2
2
1
9
3
1
2
4
8
-
c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .
2
3
79
9
70
5
28
177
5
172
58
_
“
1
2
1
2
8
41
T7
-
8
76
4
72
6
80
26
54
18
25
4
21
0
” "51"”
150
6
6
47
1
1
2
1
19
4
15
8
-
1
1
156
— n
125
17
37
18
51
112
25
87
17
38
13
7
15
8
-
7
4
-
1
6
1
0
6
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
4
-
15
11
— n — ------- 7—
3
3
6
3
2
0
28
8
84
35
1 -------- ?—
0
74
31
18
-
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
6
36
14
28
18
4
-
2
2
-
*
1
1
2
7
7
1
7
3
4
6
1
2
1
2
17
5
-
1
1
2
1
1
~
_
92
2
1
71
30
2
1
1
0
1
0
8
3
5
1
2
-
2
-
-
2
6
1
0
1
6
1
1
1
1
3
8
2
6
4
4
.
-
*
.
*
2
2
0
1
1
1
1
2
_
"
32
2
30
24
6
-
4
4
4
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
4
9
4
-
"
“
1
1
1
4
3
5
1
0
_
_
.
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
“
6
“
54
27
54
28
21
15
22
7
15
9
33
18
5
6
6
1
6
6
1
-
-
102
26
76
39
-
14
9
5
-
-
-
1
2
1
2
1
-
3
-
6
1
1
1
-
_
■
4
-
~
-
‘
1
-
1
1
“
_
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
8
T a b le A -1: O f fic e O c c u p a tio n s - C o n tin u e d
{Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
in Atlanta, Ga. , by industry division, April 1957)
A verage
Sex,
o c c u p a tio n ,
Number
of
workers
a n d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
$
Weekly
hours 1
(Standard)
3 0 .0 0
Weekly
and
earnings 1
(Standard) u n d e r
3 5 .0 0
W om en
$
3 5 .0 0
$
4 0 .0 0
$
4 5 .0 0
$
5 0 .0 0
$
5 5 .0 0
4 0 .0 0
4 5 .0 0
5 0 .0 0
5 5 .0 0
$
$
6 0 .0 0
6 5 .0 0
6 5 .0 0
7 0 .0 0
7 5 .0 0
50
6 0 .0 0
$
7 0 .0 0
$
7 5 .0 0
$
8 0 .0 0
$
8 5 .0 0
$
9 0 .0 0
8 5 .0 0
9 0 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
$
9 5 .0 0
$
1 0 0 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
$
1 1 0 .0 0
$
1 1 5 .0 0
1 0 0 .0 0
1 0 5 ,0 0
1 1 0 .0 0
1 1 5 .0 0
over
and
8 0 .0 0
- C o n t in u e d
$
T y p is ts , c la s s A
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________________________
599
44
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________________
W h o le s a le tr a d e
F in a n c e * *
...
555
121
295
T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
P u b lic u t ilit ie s *
W h o le s a le t r a d e
R e ta il tra d e
_
F in a n c e * *
____
_ _ _ _ _
1 ,4 8 2
16 6
1 ,3 1 6
80
208
1 33
796
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
3 9 .0
5 6 .0 0
6 7 .0 0
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .5
3 9 .0
4 8 .5 0
5 4 .5 0
4 7 .5 0
5 3 .5 0
5 1 .0 0
5 5 .0 0
5 8 .0 0
5 3 .5 0
4 5 .5 0
4 6 .0 0
_
_
-
-
-
35
_
_
-
-
_
-
19
_
_
19
_
_
433
13
420
3
11
15
63
-
8
319
525
25
500
21
70
35
326
13 6
131
6
134
4
70
27
89
125
50
57
130
41
61
64
-
1 33
3
295
94
16
95
27
68
17
23
_
11 6
20
6
35
-
-
------5—
55
242
19
84
6
9
40
38
56
19
15
_
18
12
------ 2----48
7
21
9
9
------ 8
16
lb
6
1
_
4
5
3
_
2
1
2
_
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
2
2
------5----
4
_
_
_
_
_
_
7
_
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
"
-
-
*
-
-
5
_
1
4
4
1
_
_
1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
** Finance, insurance, ancl real estate.
T a b le A - 2 : P ro fe s s io n a l a n d T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a tio n s
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
in Atlanta, Ga. , by industry division, April 1957)
A verage
Number
of
workers
o c c u p a tio n ,
a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n
Weekly,
hours 1
(Standard)
M en
Weekly
earnings1
(Standard)
N U M B E R OF W O RKERS R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF—
$
5 0 .0 0
and
$
5 5 .0 0
$
6 0 .0 0
$
6 5 .0 0
$
7 0 .0 0
$
7 5 .0 0
$
8 0 .0 0
$
8 5 .0 0
$
9 0 .0 0
$
9 5 .0 0
$
6 0 .0 0
Sex,
6 5 .0 0
7 0 .0 0
7 5 .0 0
8 0 .0 0
8 5 .0 0
9 0 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
1 0 0 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
_
_
5
5
6
40
33
10
19
18
4 0 .0
1 4 5 .0 0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___
_
___
D r a fts m e n , s e n io r
_________
____
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _______________ _________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * _______________________________________________
W h o le s a le t r a d e
_
_ _ ___
321
2M
1 0 1 .5 0
_
_
_
-
-
-
30
24
-
-
10
6
-
-
-
61
4 0 .0
1 1 0 .0 0
1 0 2 .0 0
2
2
2
17
9 9 . bb
1 0 5 .5 0
1
1
1
18
15
3
44
4 0 .0
4 6 .0
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
-
-
-
-
-
7 2 .0 0
7 3 . bo
7 1 .0 0
6 9 .5 0
7 2 .0 0
24
48
43
25
21
21
22
55
50
3 9 .5
4b.6 '
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
64
45
4 0 .0
4b . 0
8 1 .5 0
8 4 .0 0
_______________________________
$
$
$
$
$
1 3 5 .0 0
1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0
1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0
over
<
6
75
le a d e r
$
and
______
D r a fts m e n ,
$
1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0
________
______
___
D r a ft s m e n , ju n io r
_
__ ________________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
____________________ _ _____ r ___________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
___
______
___
_
P u b lic u t ilit ie s *
_______________________________ 1_____________
W h o le s a le t r a d e
____
_______
121
268
146
122
19
5
18
------ 3—
15
-
12
-
3
1
3
1
“
.
27
21
6
4
19
5
16
12
1
6
6
10
6
1
5
-
57
52
5
-
5
2
1
22
l6
6
2
2
6
■
1
5
5
34
2 3 "
4
3
n
2
22
20
2
1
7
23
— r r ~
16
20
4
24
-
6
5
22
13
5
3
58
43
15
4
-
7
8
8
11
8
2
8
1
_
_
_
_
1
18
7
4
5
12
11
1
1
1
-
_
1
1
_
_
24 8
5
_
5
4
1
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
6
8
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
3
4
1
1
-
4
"
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
_
_
_
_
"
■
"
-
_
_
W om en
N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l ( re g is te re d )
M a n u f a c t u rin g _
_
______________________________
_____
6
2
'
12
9
19
17
_
“
_
"
“
2 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
Workers were distributed as follows: 12 at $1.35 to $1.50; 18 at $1.50 to $1.65; 12 at $1.65 to $1.80; 6 at $1.80 and over.
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
*
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , April 1957
U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
9
T a b le
A -3 :
M a in te n a n c e a n d
P o w e rp la n t O c c u p a tio n s
(Average hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis
in Atlanta, Ga. , by industry division, April 1957)
N U M B E R OF W O RKERS R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R LY E A R N IN G S OF—
Number
of
workers
O c c u p a tio n a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n
212
C a r p e n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e _______________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________ _ — m —
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
____________________________________
99
44
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________
Average
hourly .
earnings
$
2 .0 8
.....2 . 6 8 ...
U nder
$
1 .0 0
$
|$
1 .0 0
1 .1 0
and
under
1 .2 0
1 . 10
1 .2 0
1 .3 0
$
1 .4 0
$
1 .5 0
$
1 .6 0
$
1 .7 0
$
1 .8 0
$
1 .9 0
$
2 .0 0
$
2 .1 0
$
2 .2 0
$
2 .3 0
$
2 .4 0
$
2 .5 0
$
2 .6 0
$
2 .7 0
$
2 .8 0
$
2 .9 0
1 .3 0
1 .4 0
1 .5 0
1 .6 0
1 .7 0
1 .8 0
1 .9 0
2 .0 0
2 .1 0
2 .2 0
2 .3 0
2 .4 0
2 .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .9 0
over
2
i
11
10
4
-
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
4
4
$
$
and
-
-
-
5
1
4
-
-
-
-
4
1
1
2 .4 1
_
.
_
_
_
'2 .4 T
2 .3 8
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
"
-
"
-
5
7
2 .0 8
2 .2 6
5
9
5
4
4
15
8
1
11
7
4
15
13
25
7
4
3
-
9
6
6
34
15
27
11
16
19
1
5
5
18
13
10
18
“
-
10
3
5
6
3
-
4
4
6
5—
32
13
E l e c t r ic ia n s , m a in te n a n c e
_
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________ _
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
_________________________________
289
T Z 1 -----
E n g in e e r s ,
159
1 .9 3
_
.
55
104
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
7
-
-
-
6
6
5
3
7
15
1
13
5
1
18
3
3
2
.
16
15
12
8
_
7
------ 5
21
2
2
_
_
26
-
2
-
38
17
21
_
47
17
74
47
8
6
12
12
3
-
_
s ta tio n a r y
_______________________________
62
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________
29
2 .3 5
1 .7 1
1 .7 6
F i r e m e n , s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r _________________
_______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________ _
79
70
1 .5 1
r :T 4 "
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
_ _ ______
_
_
_
H e lp e r s ,
t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e
_
____
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ____________________________ __ ___
P u b lic u t ilit ie s *
_
_ _ _ _ _ _
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e __ ________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________
M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n c e
M a n u fa c t u r in g
_
_ _
_
____
_______
~
616
1 .6 3
247
1 .6 9
1 .5 9
1 .7 2
1 .2 8
1 .3 4
369
260
40
34
326
" 3 0 5 ------
2
-
519
413
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ________________________________ _
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________
39
57
2 .0 3
Z705
2 .0 3
2 . 10
1 .8 2
1 .6 6
M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e
_______________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ...........
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e __________________________________________
548
28
18
10
“
2
-
-
-
1 .9 9
2 .2 2
2 .1 0
2 .1 5
O i l e r s _________________________________________________________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
_
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
108
To 8 ------
1 .5 5
1 .5 5
P a i n t e r s , m a i n t e n a n c e __________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________
131
64
67
2 .1 1
2 .3 4
91
79
2 .5 2
2 .5 2
P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in te n a n c e
M a n u fa c t u r in g _
_______________________________
_ ___
671
152
_
-
_
_
8
8
_
3
3
_
_
-
-
-
8
-
_
_
_
-
7
3
4
_
~
-
"
-
-
17
17
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
1
6
85
13
72
52
6
5
43
4
3
1
5
39
34
3
2
1
-
30
-
2 .0 6
339
159
62
43
"
-
40
30
10
6
4
2
_
_
2 .3 0
2728
M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t i v e ( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ____________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
_
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________ _
P u b lic u t ilit ie s * _
6
1
5
5
8
8
23
-
23
4
23
_
19
8
4
7
6
17
-
2
2
_
_
_
-
9
8
5
12
1
8
4
-
-
8
5
3
6
6
4
-
75
3
72
72
-
1
2
-
16
16
26
26
14
14
44
27
17
8
8
1
34
l5
51
23
28
22
4
1
76
76
71
2
3
83
19
6
3
1
42
38
4
1
3
62
46
16
12
4
-
-
28
28
16
3
13
4
-
_
3
3
.
67
-
“
59
8
4
3
3
1
1
-
8
3
5
_
_
_
~
1
1
------1
83
81“
_
-
17
1
16
7
41
35
6
33
5
11
1
9
4
_
35
30
5
_
3
3
6
4
8
6
2
29“
3
-
9
1
_
20
20
1 .8 9
_
39
34
_
“T3—
61
55
1
28
28
10
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts
* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
7
1
"
42
59
3
3
6
3
3
2
12
11
6
5
5
-
7
7
6
12
2
10
7
63
_
4
43
43
T3
-
29
-
“
“
21
_
9
5
_
1
4
3
21
-
-
-
-
8
1
1
5
-
-
-
1
1
2
2
2
_
_
2
-
-
-
-
_
4
_
_
-
4
-
-
3
3
_
_
_
-
6
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
"
~
-
13
9
6
-
28
16
16
47
46
8
8
65
65
10
2
13
13
47
47
103
5
98
94
1
3
124
_
29
9
20
39
29
10
19
1
9
1
-
2
2
119
4
1
29
19
10
10
_
.
65
46
4
15
-
-
-
“
31
23
8
5
3
83
65
18
15
3
13
8
5
3
2
26
3
23
10
13
19
12
7
1
6
40
25
15
5
5
95
65
30
4
2
3
27
27
-
7
7
6
6
-
-
4
1
3
2
2
32
31
_
4
18
5
1
4
2
~ 1 ------
_
-
1
1
'
12
6
6
7
'
"
T 5 ------
-
124
_
_
-
1
1
-
_
-
-
-
2
1
1
1
_
2
1
-
-
13
13
1
1
-
-
-
.
.
_
.
.
-
“
-
-
"
-
6
2
-
-
16
13
3
4
4
1
-
-
4
-
1
1
39
38
14
3
23
23
8
8
-
-
-
_
_
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , April 1957
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
10
Table A-4:
Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations
(Average hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
in Atlanta, Ga. , by industry division, April 1957)
N U M B E R OF W O RKERS R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R LY E A R N IN G S OF—
Number
of
workers
O c c u p a tio n 1 a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n
$
Average
hourly 2 0 . 3 0
earnings
and
under
.4 0
$
0 .4 0
$
0 . 50
$
0 .6 0
$
0. 70
$
0. 80
.5 0
. 60
. 70
. 80
4
4
4
10
10
10
1
1
1
_
_
_
-
$
0 .9 0
$
1. 00
$
1. 10
$
1 .2 0
$
1. 3 0
$
1 .4 0
$
1 .5 0
$
1 .6 0
$
1. 70
$
1. 8 0
$
1. 9 0
$
2. 00
$
2 . 10
$
2. 20
$
2 . 30
.9 0
1 . 00
1. 10
1 .2 0
1. 3 0
1 .4 0
1. 5 0
1 .6 0
1 .7 0
1. 8 0
1. 9 0
2 . 00
2 . 10
2 .2 0
2 . 30
over
14
14
14
7
15
15
10
8
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
>
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
and
148
14 6
36
$
0 . 55
.5 5
. 67
G u a r d s __________________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
_____________________________
290
218
1 .9 3
2 .0 7
-
-
-
72
1 .4 9
-
"
“
J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ( m e n ) ___________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
....
.. ..
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
__________________________________
P u b lic u t i l i t i e s *
....... _ _
W h o le s a le tr a d e
........
R e ta il tr a d e
__________________________________
F in a n c e * *
. . .
.
.........
2, 736
1, 2 1 1
1, 5 2 5
328
1 . 17
1 .3 8
1. 0 0
-
9
-
62
-
14 1
-
276
-
118
-
61
-
9
-
62
-
141
-
276
-
118
-
61
-
9
11
59
61
-
-
56
210
104
-
9
28
-
10
-
55
-
329
-
88
-
28
10
55
88
9
-
-
18
-
10 9
70
35
-
18
-
39
-
35
-
E le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a s s e n g e r
N o n m a r . u f a c t u r i n g , . ....
R e ta il tr a d e
( w o m e n ) ________
_______________________________________
172
490
353
1 .2 9
1. 3 0
.9 0
. 86
J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _ . ___
.
N o n m a r .u fa c tu r in g
......................... .
F in a n c e * *
721
110
611
328
. 76
1. 10
.7 0
.6 7
L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g _________________________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
_______________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
_ .
_
..... . ... . . . _ .
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ...................
.................
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ______________
__
____________
R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________________________
4 ,2 2 7
1 .4 2
1 .4 6
1 .4 3
1 .9 3
1. 16
1. 12
O rd er fille r s
M a n u fa c t u r in g
...
...
.........
2, 009
2 ,2 1 8
819
807
592
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
14
10
4
4
-
7
-
17
-
12
-
32
4
7
17
12
16
10
6
32
-
20
5
15
"
-
-
"
-
673
368
305
445
“264
18 1
183
58
12 5
171
58
11 3
69
24
35
25
10
168
143
25
32
23
205
204
25
24
3
-
_
_
76
41
38
89
18
-
62
33
14
19
6
_
9
_
1
_
1
_
1
1
9
_
9
_
1
_
1
_
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
39
33
122
90
26
16
1
60
20
40
20
4
15
1
-
-
-
-
"
-
-
-
-
20
-
4
-
135
84
14
1
-
17
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
51
28
1
17
8
8
-
_
20
12
6
6
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
309
309
_
-
213
93
120
120
-
42
42
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
9
7
2
-
2
2
2
2
11
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
-
18
39
35
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
_
_
_
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
_
_
1
1
1
-
755
327
428
335
1 .4 0
1 .5 5
1 .2 8
1 .3 2
-
P a c k e r s , s h i p p i n g ( w o m e n ) ____________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________
______ ______________________________
R e ta il tra d e
150
124
61
1 .2 7
_
1. 16
1 . 11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
-
R e c e i v i n g c l e r k s _________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
__________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ________________________________________
258
1 06
152
90
57
S h ip p in g c l e r k s
____________________________________________
M a n u fa c t u r in g
_ _ ______________ _
_______
___
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
. . .
_
.. . ....
310
184
_
_
-
-
_
_
12
2
-
-
-
9
59
27
21
75
64
171
68
103
60
14
172
------ w
138
125
13
196
54
142
75
63
223
30
19 3
16 3
26
108
12
96
127
52
75
60
155
71
84
33
12 6
24
47
1 02
85
6
26
24
24
62
62
17
11
11
8
27
13
14
4
10
21
6
15
10
5
19
7
12
3
4
4
-
22
14
8
8
19
16
3
-
22
7
3
5
6
------- g -
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
2
-
6
-
3
-
1 .5 9
1 .4 8
-
2
-
6
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
1 .7 1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1 .7 9
1 .6 0
1 .6 7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
13
12
-
224
64
53
18
35
17
18
1
19
17
-
2
212
51
-
790
525
265
45
209
114
95
293
270
1 .6 0
1 .4 3
-
-
365
TU T
205
6
150
49
-
987
424
563
-
1 .7 1
1 .5 2
See footnotes at end of table.
* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities,
** Finance, insurance, and real estate.
-
-
P a c k e r s , s h i p p i n g ( m e n ) _______________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________ ___
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________
12 6
86
36
-
-
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________________________________
R e ta il tr a d e
_______________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____ _______________ ___________ ___
-
329
291
902
612
270
_
__________________________________
-
*
1 .4 1
1 .3 9
1 .4 2
1 .4 0
1 .4 7
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
1, 1 1 6
214
87
87
62
22
11
36
33
13
11
2
9
160
18
5
13
9
9
9
3
21
5
16
12
4
15
10
_
36
21
15
3
3
-
47
46
27
26
645
47
1
_
-
1
-
598
598
-
1
_
-
-
-
-
90
90
57
57
13
13
1
1
-
_
29
9
1
-
-
"
62
19
43
38
5
58
r
52
47
5
138
13
12 5
55
70
58
13
-
20
12
8
8
4
4
4
"
-
32
5
27
27
17
11
11
-
_
1
16
16
59
58
1
1
"
"
-
1
-
1
-
11
-
-
_
_
-
9
-
-
-
-
"
"
-
"
"
18
11
7
6
1
45
17
28
24
4
6
3
3
3
34
3
31
22
10
6
6
-
4
22
22
-
33
16
17
16
61
34
27
18
9
7
1
1
9
3
77
—
r ~
73
71
_
-
—
'
16
9
49
8
41
13
6
7
73
73
-
1
1
-
22
9
43
14
29
27
2
_
12
6
6
23
23
-
2
2
-
-
-
2
1
1
-
-
2
-
1
3
1
2
1
1
18
15
3
13
11
2
3
2
20
20
-
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , April 1957
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
11
Table A-4:
Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations - Continued
(Average hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1957)
N U M B E R OF W O RKERS R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R LY E A R N IN G S OF—
O c c u p a tio n 1 a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n
S h i p p i n g a n d r e c e i v i n g c l e r k s ________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ____________ _____________________
R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________________________
Number
of
workers
488
199
289
11 5
12 5
T r u c k d r i v e r s 3 ______________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
__________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________________________
3, 082
5T3
2 ,4 5 7
1 ,4 2 3
T r u c k d r i v e r s , l ig h t (u n d e r 1
t o n s ) ______
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________
460
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ____________________________________
91
14 9
T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m ( 1V 2 t o a n d
i n c l u d i n g 4 t o n s ) ____________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e _______________________________
R e ta il tr a d e
___________________________________
T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s ,
t r a i l e r t y p e ) ___________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ______________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * ______________________________
382
553
79
381
Average
hourly ,
earnings
$
1 .7 9
1 .9 4
1 .6 9
1 .6 9
1 .5 8
1 .7 1
1 .4 1
1 .7 9
2 . 10
1 .4 5
1. 2 8
1. 3 4
1 .4 2
1 .3 2
1 .2 8
1. 04
$
0 .4 0
$
0 .5 0
5 ,
0 .6 0
$
0. 70
$
0 . 80
$
0 .9 0
$
1. 0 0
$
1. 10
$
1. 2 0
$
1 .3 0
$
1 .4 0
$
1. 50
$
1 .6 0
$
1. 7 0
1. 80
$
1. 9 0
$
2 . 00
. 50
. 60
. 70
. 80
.9 0
1. 0 0
1. 10
1. 2 0
1. 30
1 .4 0
1. 5 0
1. 60
1. 7 0
1. 8 0
1. 9 0
2 . 00
2 . 10
34
34
13
21
16
5
4
30
7
23
25
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
20
-
13
-
-
4
-
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
20
13
7
6
487
1 67
232
255
-
32
135
109
32
44
58
14
44
38
14
24
6
38
11
13
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
48
-
58
-
-
-
-
-
-
48
-
58
-
-
-
32
46
73
170
40
-
31
-
77
-
40
-
31
19
77
33
36
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
-
-
32
-
-
8
-
27
-
8
-
27
-
-
27
-
1 ,4 4 7
916
220
1. 6 8
1 .2 6
1. 80
2 . 11
1 .3 4
-
-
-
-
299
1. 19
-
-
-
-
2 . 02
1. 85
2 . 04
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1, 8 6 1
3T3
426
------ 4 5 -----381
248
2 . 08
T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _____________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ____________________________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
511
376
13 5
76
1. 7 0
1 .7 7
1 .5 0
1. 36
W a t c h m e n ________________________ ___________ ____________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g _ __ __________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________
_________________________
P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s * __________________________________
R e ta il tr a d e
_______________________________________
397
1 .2 4
1 .2 4
1 .2 5
1 .5 0
1 . 14
1
2
3
*
$
0. 30
and
un der
.4 0
222
17 5
45
31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
_
4
3
-
-
-
4
-
4
3
-
-
-
-
4
Data limited to men workers, except where otherwise indicated
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
76
-
83
34
81
35
46
7
25
14
30
2
28
23
5
13
44
18
2
2
11
3
8
26
18
14
4
82
50
76
37
45
35
116
17
32
2
39
34
10
4
2
3
2
1
99
2
97
60
5
92
22
70
-
19
2
99
44
6
2
25
13
12
6
6
41
27
14
3
42
8
34
-
3
-
-
-
16
8
8
-
31
26
5
-
31
24
7
4
28
9
31
6
22
9
9
12
3
182
40
14 2
1
12 3
18
13
-
11
-
13
-
11
-
1
-
-
3
-
10
238
238
22
-
182
"
16
15
1
-
16 3
15 6
38
38
-
-
-
-
15
10
5
3
5
5
1
1
-
1
1
3
3
-
39
26
13
16
-
-
1 42
114
28
3
40
20
20
-
24
41
30
11
4
35
17
17
11
1
1
1
9
7
12
12
7
2
2
4
31
6
7
“
1
-
94
94
60
22
15
11
11
-
-
-
11
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
11
3
-
4
-
3
3
11
-
-
16
3
-
-
-
11
-
-
8
-
6
"
18
18
-
-
-
22
15
3
12
6
6
3
2
1
1
51
37
14
14
26
2
3
4
1324
1265
11
48
3
6
2
16
-
1357
33
22
2
1
46
35
5
2
-
2
-
1
29
34
12
22
-
9
79
29
50
49
8
6
8
-
21
28
“
8
-
43
14
20
60
28
129
86
865
2
863
860
-
40
134
"
and
over
49
18
31
5
9
116
1
114
45
35
10
6
2. 30
1
3
-
29
18
7
-
$
2 . 30
4
12 5
49
-
21
20
3
2. 20
$
2 . 20
63
47
8
80
-
7
38
32
2 . 10
17
46
44
-
88
232
178
-
-
32
1
1
-
53
53
6
410
"
-
-
"
_
26
126
50
20
21
1
42
16
26
7
11
40
18
$
3
39
27
12
10
16
-
10
7
-
16
6
12
12
6
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
12
B: Establ ishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Table
B-l:
Shift D i f f e r e n t i a l P r o v i s i o n s 1
Percent of manufacturing plant w o rk e rs—
Shift differential
(a)
In establishments having
form al provisions fo r—
Second shift
work
Third or other
shift work
(b)
Actually working on—
Second shift
Third or other
shift
Total _____________________________________________________________
81.5
73. 3
18. 8
5.5
With shift pay differential _____________________________________
67. 1
68. 0
15. 0
4. 1
Uniform cents (per h o u r )___________________________________
50. 7
31.5
13.4
2. 0
Under 5 cents
___
5 cents ____________________________________________________
6 cents
.
... .
7 or 7 l/ cents ___________________________________________
z
8 cents
... ......... _
_ .
_
9 or 9 V?r cents
10 cents
_ ... ... .......
102 or 103 4 cents _____________________________________
/3
/
12 cents
.......
_ ... _ .
..
15 cents and over
__
_
5.6
7.9
3. 0
3.4
3.5
.8
3.2
2.9
19.6
.8
_
8. 8
1. 5
3.6
2. 3
3. 8
8.6
1.4
1.5
1.0
1. 0
1. 0
.4
.2
_
1.0
.3
.5
.1
-
t
.2
.7
8.9
-
Uniform percentage _________________________________________
14.5
12. 8
.8
5 percent .... . _ ... ._ .
._
___
. _
6 p e r c e n t __________________________________________________
V 2 percent ______________________________________________
10 percent ________________________________________________
12. 8
1.7
-
2. 1
2.4
8. 3
.
.1
-
7
7
t
.1
.1
.1
-
3
F u ll day*s pay for reduced hours
F u ll day*s pay for reduced hours
plus cents d iffe r e n tia l____________________________________
P aid lunch period not given first-s h ift w orkers
_
2.2
_
.
1.9
19. 6
1.9
-
.9
1.6
.1
No shift pay differential _______________________________________
14.4
5. 3
3. 8
1.4
1
Shift differential data are presented in term s of (a ) establishment policy, and (b ) w orkers actually employed on late
shifts at the time of the survey. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following condi
tions:
( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts,
f L e ss than 0. 05 percent.
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , A p ril 1957
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R
Bureau of L a bor Statistics
13
Table B-2:
Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1
Number of establishments with specified minimum hiring rate inManufacturing
Minimum rate
(weekly salary)
A ll
industries
195
Nonmanufacturing
A ll
industries
56
40
A ll
schedule s
37 llz
383 4
/
XXX
139
XXX
XXX
Based on standard weekly hours 2 of—
A ll
schedules
40
195
56
For Inexperienced Typists
Establishments having a
specified m inim u m ____________
89
17
$ 35. 00 _____
$ 37.50 _____
$40. 00 _____
$42.50 _____
$45. 00 _____
$47.50 _____
$ 50. 00 _____
$ 52. 5 0 '_____
$ 55. 00 ____
$ 57.50 _____
$ 60.00 ____
$ 62.50 ____
_
3
40
16
13
1
7
3
2
2
2
_
7
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
Establishments having no
specified m inim u m ______________
37
18
Establishments which did not
employ w orkers in this
c a te g o ry __________________________
67
2
$ 32.50
$ 35. 00
$ 37. 50
$40.00
$42. 50
$45. 00
$47.50
$ 50. 00
$52.50
$ 55. 00
$ 57. 50
$ 60.00
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
Data not.available
_______________
14
72
_
_
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
33
15
10
6
3
1
1
-
XXX
19
20
XXX
47
1
XXX
1
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Based on standard weekly hours 2 of—
A ll
schedules
Establishments studied __________
Number of establishments with specified minimum hiring rate in—
40
A ll
schedules
37 Va
383 4
/
XXX
139
XXX
XXX
40
For Other Inexperienced Cleriical Workers 3
10
_
1
5
2
1
1
-
10
50
_
_
_
1
5
2
1
1
-
1
23
10
7
5
3
1
-
96
20
17
76
10
11
52
1
2
4
43
15
11
2
7
5
3
1
2
_
8
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
_
6
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
35
12
8
1
6
5
2
-
_
2
4
1
3
-
2
5
3
1
~
"
1
2
24
8
4
1
6
5
1
“
XXX
25
12
XXX
1
XXX
XXX
XXX
48
23
XXX
XXX
XXX
49
XXX
XXX
XXX
2
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
37
XXX
XXX
XXX
1
XXX
XXX
XXX
1 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other clerical jobs.
2 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their straight-time salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined and for the most common workweeks reported.
3 Rates applicable to m essengers, office g irls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered.
Occupational vVage Survey, Atlanta, G a ., A p ril 1957
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
14
Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERSI EMPLOYED IN —
1
W e e k ly h o u rs
Retail trade
100
Public
utilities ^
Wholesale
trade
Manufacturing
100
100
10 0
t
t
16
t
t
8
8
t
14
63
t
-
-
-
88
33
3
80
t
-
-
-
industries a
A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________________________
35 h o u r s ___________________________________________________
O v e r 35 a n d u n d e r 3 7 V 2 h o u r s
3 7 llz h o u r s _________________________________________________
38 h o u r s
383 h o u rs
/4
_
40 h o u r s
41 h o u r s ___________________________________________________
Over 41 and under 44 hours ____________________
44 hours _
441? hours
/,
45 hours _
Over 45 and under 48 hours
48 hours ....
49 hours _________________________________________
50 hours _________________________________________
Over 50 hours
1
2
3
f
*
**
t
t
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100
100
100
100
.
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
_
_
_
_
60
56
100
3
-
-
-
15
8
5
_
-
8
4
7
-
-
-
_
-
42
47
t
71
_
85
64
t
t
3
3
_
t
t
21
_
_
t
78
-
-
t
4
t
t
t
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
t
-
t
Public
utilities *
100
-
-
Manufacturing
-
t
t
All
3
industries
58
t
t
Services
_
t
-
t
Finance * *
_
t
t
-
t
PERCENT OF PLAN T WORKERS EMPLOYED IN —
100
ah
t
t
_
4
t
7
t
t
t
-
t
t
-
_
6
8
_
_
_
7
t
8
_
3
_
5
10
Services
_
5
9
14
t
4
_
3
7
Data relate to women w orkers only.
Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately,
Le ss than 2.5 percent.
Transportation (excluding railroa d s), communication, and other public utilities.
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Table B-4: Paid Holidays1
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERSI EMPLOYED IN —
Item
All
industries
W orkers in establishments providing
paid holidays
L ess than 4 holidays _________________ __ _
4 holidays
4 holidays plus 1 half day
5 holidays
5 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___________________
6 holidays
6 holidays plus 1 half day
6 holidays plus 2 half days
_ _
6 holidays plus 3 half days _________________
7 holidays
__
7 holidays plus 1 half day
7 holidays plus 2 half days
8 holidays .
9 holidays
10 holidavs and over
*
PERCENT OF PLAN T WORKERS EMPLOYED IN —
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Finance
Manufacturing
Public
utilities
...
.
Manufacturing
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
t
t
t
30
4
29
t
3
99
t
t
22
58
3
9
5
100
8
26
100
26
t
55
100
t
4
t
62
28
3
_
_
-
85
4
4
t
30
t
28
t
6
t
9
t
78
4
t
17
36
t
11
_
5
t
-
100
33
3
6
4
11
3
6
25
5
4
“
"
15
t
t
8
t
t
t
t
66
-
-
-
t
t
~
t
16
t
t
*
_
4
14
-
Estimates relate to holidays provided annually.
Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
t L e ss than 2.5 percent.
* Transportation (excluding railroa d s), communication, and other public utilities.
* * Finance, insurance, and real estate.
AH
,
industlies
Public
utilities
100
A ll workers
W orkers in establishments providing
no paid holidays
2
**
Services
t
T
t
t
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100
100
100
100
t
98
_
_
39
t
39
94
5
7
3
72
5
t
_
3
15
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
t
6
14
_
41
_
_
44
_
_
_
_
-
22
*
,
Servioee
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , A p ril 1957
U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA BO R
Bureau of Labor Statistics
15
T a b le B-5:
Paid V a c a tio n s
PERCENT 1OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN —
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN —
Vacation policy
A
ll
industries
Manufacturing
Public
utilities
100
100
100
__
99
99
Length-of-tim e payment _____________________
Percentage paym ent_________ __ _ _________
99
99
A ll workers
A
U
industries*
Manufacturing
Public
utilities
100
100
100
100
100
100
96
95
100
96
97
100
100
85
99
96
97
-
-
4
3
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Finance
100
100
100
100
100
100
*
**
Services
,
*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100
100
Services
METHOD O F P A Y M E N T
W orkers in establishments providing
paid vacations _________________ ___________
t
t
-
-
-
-
1
1
t
W orkers in establishments providing no
paid vacations _ _____ __ ______________________
77
17
t
-
-
-
-
4
5
100
1
A M O UNT O F VAC ATIO N P AY
A N D SERVICE PERIOD 3
1 week
100
2 weeks
or more
6 months
1 year _
2 years _ __
3 years
5 years
10 years __
3 weeks or
5 years
10 years
15 years
20 years
25 years
_
■
41
90
100
29
99
100
100
100
99
t
78
93
95
98
100
100
97
_
_
100
54
93
85
97
98
98
_
84
69
_
100
99
________
_____ _____ _____
_ ........ ........ _
__
92
94
98
98
100
100
100
100
44
89
90
96
97
6
8
28
96
69
76
98
more
_______ _____________________________
_______________________________________
____ _
_
__
__ ____ __
. _
4 weeks or more
20 years ___
25 years __
99
35
100
______
100
58
or more
_
_
6 months _
1 y e a r ___________ _______________ ___
..
_ ......
t
19
64
66
6
8
26
5
26
_
-
15
28
28
28
3
-
3
t
5
12
19
2
1
89
96
96
65
66
68
69
76
76
12
15
4
-
1
2
15
52
60
19
60
100
96
100
94
100
9o
19
96
97
47
95
85
82
100
89
92
_
_
_
31
73
38
73
81
53
75
82
87
92
22
95
8
53
9
_
96
96
96
100
100
32
49
59
83
85
36
43
81
82
100
100
88
83
45
33
95
47
_
26
99
89
97
59
1
0
16
1
1
22
1
0
t
12
79
79
83
42
44
45
33
33
33
90
95
95
38
45
47
37
56
59
59
3
22
22
22
-
22
6
37
-
3
50
12
50
12
1
0
7
-
-
3
3
6
37
1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Periods of service were a rb itra rily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progression.
F or example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y e ars' service
include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years.
Estimates are cumulative.
Thus, the proportion receiving 3 weeks' pay or more after 10 years included those who receive 3 weeks'
pay or m ore after few er years of service,
t Le ss than 2. 5 percent.
* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
* * Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , A p ril 1957
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R
Bureau of Labor Statistics
NO T E :
In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e,"
such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time
basis; for example a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay.
16
Table B-5:
Paid Vacations - Continued
P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D IN —
P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D IN —
V a c a t io n p o l i c y
All
industries1
Manufacturing
Public
utilities *
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Finance**
All
industries
Services
Manufacturing
Public
utilities *
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
P S E L E C T E D E A R S O F S E R V IC E 4
1 y e a r o r le s s :
1
2
1
2
2
2 y ears o r le s s :
3 y e a r s or le s s :
5 y e a rs o r le s s :
10 y e a r s o r l e s s :
15 y e a r s o r l e s s :
20 y e a r s o r l e s s :
25 y e a r s o r l e s s :
w eek _
w eeks
w e e k _________ ____________
w e e k s __ _________________
w e e k s __
2
2
3
2
3
w e e k s ______ _____________
w eeks
w e e k s __ ____
____
w e e k s _____________________
w eeks
_ _
2
3
2
3
4
w eeks
w eeks
w eeks
w eeks
w eeks
_
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
XXX
XXX
XXX
53
XXX
78
84
54
XXX
X XX
XXX
81
91
91
92
94
93
99
93
94
81
83
92
75
98
84
98
81
89
71
84
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
70
63
XXX
70
66
65
58
XXX
XXX
XXX
53
56
XXX
XXX
X XX
XXX
73
99
73
81
68
76
XXX
96
90
48
58
XXX
94
84
79
58
80
59
97
78
52
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
49
XXX
51
65
XXX
60
96
XXX
68
73
42
XXX
90
XXX
XXX
40
49
XXX
XXX
X XX
73
49
XXX
45
42
XXX
XXX
73
XXX
XXX
89
XXX
62
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX .
XXX
XXX
XXX
92
66
X XX
70
XXX
X XX
42
XXX
84
53
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
60
50
XXX
57
XXX
68
40
XXX
XXX
XXX
43
XXX
71
40
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
56
XXX
37
37
XXX
1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
4
T h e p a y p r o v i s i o n s a p p l ic a b l e t o m o r e w o r k e r s th a n a n y o t h e r s i n g le p r o v i s i o n , f o r s e r v i c e up to a n d in c lu d in g th e in d ic a t e d n u m b e r o f y e a r s .
p a y f o r th e in d ic a t e d s e r v i c e p e r i o d .
* T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .
* * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e .
Table B-6;
86
78
XXX
E x clu d e s w o r k e r s w h o r e c e iv e
m ore
Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans
P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D IN —
P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K E R S E M P L O Y E D I N —
T y p e o f p la n
All
j
industries 1
A ll w o rk e r s
____________________
__
_
_________
W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g :
L if e in s u r a n c e
A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d i s m e m b e r
m e n t i n s u r a n c e ________________________________
S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r
s ic k le a v e o r b o t h 3
____________________ __
S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e _________
S ic k l e a v e (f u ll p a y a n d n o
w a it in g p e r io d ) __ _____ _ __________________
S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r
w a it in g p e r i o d ) ______ __ _ ______ __
H o s p i t a l iz a t io n in s u r a n c e __ ____
_
_
____
S u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e -----------------------------------------------M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e 4
___________ ___ _______
C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e __________________________
R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n __ _____________ ___________
N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n _____
Manufacturing
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Finance * *
Services
All
2
industries
Manufacturing
Public .
utilities *
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
99
100
94
93
100
94
96
100
94
90
55
70
34
66
34
55
56
66
40
59
49
71
43
82
76
&9
48
81
43
72
8
58
33
72
57
79
78
90
52
69
45
59
18
44
6l
30
55
12
53
16
21
7
22
11
14
84
82
45
37
85
4
95
92
63
51
79
39
50
50
23
11
90
10
88
86
41
19
82
54
88
85
3
37
82
88
85
55
54
91
t
51
58
58
19
9
85
83
30
10
56
t
t
13
82
81
33
17
59
3
32
79
77
5
17
60
5
~
”
t
~
93
92
43
22
58
92
t
_
-
t
1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e a l e s t a t e a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .
3 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y
m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ’ p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n fo r m a l s i c k le a v e a ll o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d .
4 E s t i m a t e s a r e n o t c o m p a r a b l e w ith t h o s e p u b lis h e d in p r e v io u s b u lle t in s d u e t o e x c l u s i o n f r o m la t e s t e s t i m a t e s o f " i n - p l a n t " m e d i c a l s e r v i c e s .
L e s s th a n 2.5 p e r c e n t .
* T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c l u d i n g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic
* * F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e .
'
t
Services
.
u t ilit ie s .
e s t a b lis h
O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , A t la n t a , G a . , A p r i l
U . S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics
at le a s t
the
1957
or
le s s
17
Appendix: Job Descriptions
The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau1 wage surveys is to
s
assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under
a va rie ty of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment
and from area to area.
This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content.
Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and
in terarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau1s job descriptions may d iffer sig n ifi
cantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes.
In
applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field representatives are instructed to exclude w ork
ing su pervisors, apprentices, lea rn ers, beginners, train ees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e,
tem porary, and probationary w orkers.
Office
B IL L E R , MACHINE
P rep a res statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records
as to billings or shipping charges or perform other c le ric a l work in
cidental to billing operations.
F or wage study purposes, b ille rs ,
machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s:
B ille r , machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing
machine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott F ish er, Burroughs, e tc ., which
are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and
invoices from cu stom ersf purchase o rd ers, internally prepared
ord ers, shipping memoranda, etc.
Usually involves application
of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of
necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the
billing machine, and totals which are autom atically accumulated
by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of
carbon copies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a
fanfold machine.
B ille r , machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, E lliott Fish er, Remington Rand, etc. , which
may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers1
b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation.
G enerally
involves the simultaneous entry of ^figures on customers* ledger
record .
The machine autom atically accumulates figures on a
number of vertic a l columns and computes and usually prints auto
m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl
edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of
sales and credit slips.
BOOKKEEPING -M ACHINE O PER ATO R
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott
F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with
out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record o f business transactions.
BO O KKEEPING -M ACHINE O PER ATO R - Continued
Class A - Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge of
and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fa m ilia rity with
the structure o f the particular accounting system used.
D eter
mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items
to be used in each phase of the work.
May prepare consolidated
rep orts, balance sheets, and other records by hand.
Class B - Keeps a record o f one or m ore phases or sections
of a set o f records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book
keeping.
Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll,
custom ers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described
under b ille r, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in
ventory control, etc.
May check or assist in preparation of tria l
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
CLERK, ACCO UNTING
Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account
ant, has responsibility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com
plete set o f books or records relating to one phase of an establish
m ent's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing
subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or a c
counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with
proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience
in making proper assignations and allocations.
May assist in
preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class
B accounting clerk s.
Class B - Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine
accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers,
accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
recon cilin g bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled
by general led gers.
This job does not require a knowledge of
accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in
which the m ore routine accounting work is subdivided on a func
tional basis among several w orkers.
18
CLE RK,
F IL E
Class A - Responsible fo r maintaining an established filin g
system . C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial;
may also file this m a terial. May keep records of various types
in conjunction with files or supervise others in filin g and locating
m aterial in the file s .
May perform incidental c le ric a l duties.
Class B - P erfo rm s routine filin g, usually of m a terial that
has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating m a
teria l in the file s .
May perform incidental c le ric a l duties.
CLERK,
ORDER
Receives custom ers’ orders for m a terial or m erchandise by
m ail, phone, or personally.
Duties involve any combination of the
follow in g: Quoting p rices to customers; making out an order sheet
listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities
of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to resp ective de
partments to be filled .
May check with cred it department to d e te r
mine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from
customers, follow up orders to see that they have been fille d , keep
file of orders received , and check shipping invoices with origin al
o rd e rs .
CLERK,
K E Y -PU N C H O PE R ATO R
Under general supervision and with no su pervisory resp on si
b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards
by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence,
using an alphabetical or a num erical key-punch machine, follow ing
w ritten inform ation on records.
May duplicate cards by using the
duplicating device attached to machine.
Keeps files of punch cards.
May v e r ify own work or w ork of others.
O FFICE BOY OR G IR L
P erfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands,
operating m inor office machines such as sealers or m a ilers, opening
and distributing m ail, and other m inor c le r ic a l work.
SE C R E TA R Y
P erfo rm s s e c reta ria l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a superior in an
adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint
ments fo r superior; re ceivin g people coming into o ffice; answering
and making phone calls; handling personal and important or con fi
dential m ail, and w riting routine correspondence on own initiative;
taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in
shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine, and transcribing dicta
tion or the recorded inform ation reproduced on a transcribing machine.
May prepare special reports or memoranda fo r information of superior.
PAYRO LL
STENO G RAPH ER, G E N E R A L
Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n eces
sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w ork ers'
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data
on payroll sheet, showing information such as w ork er's name, working
days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. M ay
make out paychecks and assist paym aster in making up and d is
tributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.
P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons,
either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a
norm al routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type
w rite r. M ay also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and keep
files in order, keep sim ple record s, etc.
Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator).
CO M PTO M E TE R O PER ATO R
STENO G RAPH ER,
P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to p erform m athe
m atical computations.
This job is not to be confused with that of
statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of
a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to
perform ance of other duties.
P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons,
either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ila r machine, involving a
varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or
reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a
typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also set up and
keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc.
Does not include
transcribing-m achine work.
TE C H N IC A L
D U PLIC A TIN G -M AC H IN E O PE R ATO R (M IM EOGRAPH OR D IT TO )
SWITCHBOARD O PE R A TO R
Under general supervision and with no su pervisory respon
sib ilities, reproduces m ultiple copies of typewritten or handwritten
m atter, using a m im eograph or ditto machine. Makes n ecessary ad
justment such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed.
Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file of
used stencils or ditto m asters.
M ay sort, collate, and staple com
pleted m aterial.
Operates a sin gle- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office
calls.
May record toll calls and take m essages.
May give in fo r
mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders.
F o r w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist.
19
TRANSCRIBING -M ACH INE O PE R ATO R , G EN ERAL - Continued
SWITCHBOARD O PE R A T O R -R E C E PTIO N IS T
tion
type
This
time
In addition to perform ing duties of operator, on a single p o si
or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also
or perform routine c le rica l work as part of regular duties.
typing or c le ric a l work may take the m ajor part of this w o rk e r’s
while at switchboard.
TA B U LA TIN G -M A C H IN E O PERATO R
Operates machine that autom atically analyzes and translates
information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tran s
lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine;
does sim ple w iring of plugboards according to established practice
or diagram s; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts
machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, v addition,
in
operate au xiliary machines.
included. A w orker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype
or sim ilar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general.
T Y P IS T
Uses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to
make out bills after calculations have been made by another person.
M ay do c le ric a l work involving little special training, such as keep
ing simple record s, filing records and rep orts} or sorting and d is
tributing incoming m ail.
Class A - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing
m aterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy
ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent
and va ried use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining m aterial from severa l sources, or
planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni
form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft iii
final form .
May type routine form letters , varying details to
suit circum stances.
TRAN SC RIB ING -M AC H INE O PE R ATO R , G EN ERAL
P rim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal
routine vocabulary from transcribing machine record s.
May also
type from w ritten copy and do simple c le ric a l work. W orkers tran
scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu
la ry such as legal b riefs or reports on scientific research are not
Professional
D R A FTSM A N ,
JUNIOR
(Assistant draftsman)
Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts
man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur
poses.
Uses various types of drafting tools .as required. May p r e
pare drawings from sim ple plans or sketches, or p erfo rm other duties
under direction of a draftsman.
D RAFTSM AN , LEAD ER
Plans and directs activities of one or m ore draftsmen in
preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e
lim in ary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing
purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow in g: Interpreting
blueprints', sketches, and w ritten or verbal orders; determining work
procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work;
perform ing m ore difficult problem s. May assist subordinates during
Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g: Typing
from re la tive ly clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s,
insurance p o licies, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or
copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly.
and
Technical
D RAFTSM AN , LEAD ER - Continued
em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties
of a su pervisory or adm inistrative nature.
D RAFTSM AN , SENIOR
Prep a res working plans and detail drawings from notes,
rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu
facturing purposes.
Duties involve a combination of the follow in g:
Preparin g working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, etc. ,
to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa
tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and
trusses; verifyin g completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials
to be used, and quantities; w riting specifications; making adjustments
or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters
on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or
trace drawings.
Work is frequently in a specialized field such as
arch itectu ral, e le c tric a l, m echanical, or structural drafting.
20
NURSE, IN D U STR IAL (REG ISTERED )
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL. (REGISTERED) - Continued
A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on
the prem ises of a factory or other establishment.
Duties involve a
combination of the follow in g: Giving firs t aid to the ill or injured;
attending to subsequent dressing o f employees* injuries; keeping records
of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or
other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations
of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carryin g out program s
involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant
environment, or other activities
safety o f all personnel.
Maintenance
affecting the health, w elfare, and
TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing
tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil.
Uses T -squ are, compass, and other drafting tools.
May prepare
simple drawings and do simple letterin g.
and
Powerplant
C A R P E N TE R , M AIN TEN AN CE
ENGINEER, S TA TIO N A R Y
P e rfo rm s the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and
maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins,
cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, flo ors, stairs, casings,
and trim made o f wood in an establishment. W ork involves most of
the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw
ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a va riety of carpenter*s
handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments;
making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work;
selecting m aterials n ecessary for the work. In general, the w ork of
the maintenance carpenter requ ires rounded training and experience
usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train
ing and experience.
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation
of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or e le c tric a l) to sup
ply the establishment in which em ployed with power, heat, r e fr ig e r a
tion, or air conditioning.
W ork involves; Operating and maintaining
equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, m o
tors, turbines, ventilating and refrig era tin g equipment, steam boilers
and b o ile r-fe d water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a
record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consump
tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers
in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded.
E LE C TR IC IA N , M A IN TE N AN C E
P e rfo rm s a va riety of ele c tric a l trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment for the generating,
distribution, or utilization o f e le c tric energy in an establishment.
Work involves most o f the follow in g: Installing or repairing any of
a va riety of e lec trica l equipment such as generators, tran sform ers,
switchboards, con trollers, circu it breakers, m otors, heating units,
conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blue
prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag
nosing trouble in the e lec trica l system or equipment; working standard
computations relating to load requirem ents o f w iring or elec trica l
equipment; using a va rie ty of electrician*s handtools and measuring
and testing instruments.
In general, the work o f the maintenance
electrician requ ires rounded training and experience usually a c
quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
FIREM AN , S TA TIO N AR Y BOILER
F ire s stationary b oilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam.
Feeds fuels to fir e by hand
or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water
and safety valves.
May clean, o il, or assist in repairing b o ilerroom equipment.
H E LPE R , TRADES, M A IN TEN AN C E
A ssists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance
trades, by perform ing specific or general duties o f less er skill, such
as keeping a w orker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning w ork
ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting w orker by holding m a
teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jo u r
neyman. The kind of w ork the helper is perm itted to p erfo rm va ries
from trade to trade; In some trades the helper is confined to sup
plying, liftin g, and holding m aterials and tools, and cleaning working
areas; and in others he is perm itted to perform specialized machine
operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers
on a fu ll-tim e basis.
21
M A C H IN E -TO O L O PE R ATO R , TOOLROOM
M ECHANIC, M A IN TE N AN C E
S pecializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine
tools, such as jig b o rers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine
lathes, or m illing machines in the construction of machine - shop to o ls ,
gauges, jig s , fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following:
Planning, and perform ing difficult machining operations; processing
items requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy;
using a va rie ty of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds,
speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making n ecessary adjust
ments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions.
May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools,
and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils .
For
cross-indu stry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom ,
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification .
Repairs m achinery or mechanical equipment of an establish
ment.
W ork involves most of the following: Examining machines
and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling
or partly dismantling machines and perform ing repairs that mainly
involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing
broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the
production of a replacem ent part by a machine shop or sending of
the machine to a machine shop for m ajor repairs; preparing written
specifications fo r m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered
from machine shop; reassem bling machines; and making all necessary
adjustments for operation.
In general, the work of a maintenance
mechanic requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Excluded from this classification are w orkers whose prim ary duties
involve setting up or adjusting machines.
M ACHINIST, M A IN TEN AN C E
M IL L W R IG H T
Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs
of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment.
W ork involves most of the follow in g: Interpreting w ritten instruc
tions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a v a
rie ty of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments;
setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal
parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations r e la t
ing to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining;
knowledge of the working properties of the common m etals; selecting
standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting
and assem bling parts into mechanical equipment.
In general, the
m ach in ists work norm ally requ ires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y
out are requ ired. W ork involves most of the follow in g: Planning and
laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications;
using a va rie ty of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com
putations relating to stresses, strength of m aterials, and centers of
gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools,
equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good
order power transm ission equipment such as drives and speed r e
ducers. In general, the m illw rig h t^ work norm ally requ ires a rounded
training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al appren
ticeship o r equivalent training and experience.
O ILER
MECHANIC, AU TO M O TIV E (M A IN TE N A N C E )
Repairs automobiles, buses, m otortrucks, and tractors of
an establishment.
Work involves most of the follow in g: Examining
automotive equipment to diagnose source o f trouble; disassembling
equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills , or specialized equipment in d is
assembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from
stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the
various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments;
alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts.
In general, the w ork of the automotive mechanic requ ires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice
ship or equivalent training and experience.
Lubricates, with o il or grease, the moving parts or wearing
surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.
P A IN T E R , M A IN TE N AN C E
Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an
establishment.
Work involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface
pecu liarities and types o f paint requ ired fo r different applications;
preparing surface for painting by rem oving old finish or by placing
putty or fille r in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray
gun or brush.
May m ix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint
ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency.
In general, the
w ork of the maintenance painter requ ires rounded training and ex
perience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equiva
lent training and experience.
22
P IP E F IT T E R , M AIN TEN AN C E
S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER, M A IN TE N AN C E - Continued
Installs or repairs w ater, steam, gas, or other types of pipe
and pipefittings in an establishment. W ork involves most of the fo l
lowing: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe
from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes
of pipe to co rrect lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene
torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies;
bending pipe by hand-driven or pow er-driven machines; assembling
pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard
shop computations relating to pressu res, flow , and size of pipe r e
quired; making standard tests to determ ine whether finished pipes m eet
specifications.
In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal, apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers
p rim a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or
heating systems are excluded.
and laying out a ll types of sheet-m etal maintenance w ork from blue
prints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating a ll
available types of sheet-m etal-w orking machines; using a va rie ty of
handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem
bling; installing sheet-m etal a rticles as required.
In general, the
work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
PLU M B E R , M AIN TEN AN CE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of
vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and
fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plum ber's snake.
In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprentice
ship or equivalent training and experience.
S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER, M A IN TE N AN C E
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing)
of an establishment. Work involves most of the follow in g: Planning
Custodial
E LE V A T O R OPERATO R,
and
(D iem aker; jig maker; toolmaker;
PASSENGER
GUARD
P erfo rm s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on
tour, maintaining order, using arm s or fo rce where n ecessary. In
cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of
employees and other persons entering.
fixture m aker; gauge m aker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s , fix
tures or dies fo r forgings, punching and other* m eta l-form in g work.
W ork involves most of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of work
from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and w ritten s p e c ifi
cations; using a va riety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision
m easuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of
common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools
and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating
to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools
and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances;
fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and a llo w
ances; selecting appropriate m a terials, tools, and processes.
In
general, the tool and die m aker's w ork requires a rounded training
in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a
form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
F o r cross-indu stry wage study purposes, tool and die makers
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification .
Material
Transports passengers between floors of an office building,
apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ilar establishment.
W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such
as those of starters and janitors are excluded.
TO O L AND DIE M AKER
Movement
JANITO R,
PO R TE R ,
OR C LE A N E R
(Sweeper; charwoman; ja n itress)
Cleans and keeps in an o rd erly condition factory working
areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an o ffice, apartment house,
or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination
of the follow in g: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors;
rem oving chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture,
or fixtures; polishing m etal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies
and m inor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and
restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing a re excluded.
23
LABO RE R, M A T E R IA L HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker;
stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A w orker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant,
store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of
the follow in g: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchan
dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices;
unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper
storage location; transporting m aterials or merchandise by hand truck,
car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are
excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE R K - Continued
other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods;
routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; maintaining
necessary records and file s .
F o r wage study purposes, w orkers are cla ssified as follows:
R eceiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receivin g clerk
TRUCKDRIVER
ORDER F IL L E R
(O rder picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from
stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips,
cu stom ers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to fillin g
orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of out
going orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies
to supervisor, and perform other related duties.
D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport
m a terials, m erchandise, equipment, or men between various types of
establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freigh t depots, w a re
houses, wholesale and reta il establishments, or between retail estab
lishments and cu stom ers' houses or places of business.
May also
load or unload truck with or without h elpers, make m inor mechanical
rep a irs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-sa lesm en and
o ver-th e-ro a d d rivers are excluded.
F or wage study purposes, tru ckdrivers are cla ssified by size
and type of equipment, as follow s: (T r a c to r-tr a ile r should be rated
on the basis of tra ile r capacity. )
PA C K E R , SHIPPING
P rep a res finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being
dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the
type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires
the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or
m ore of the follow in g: Knowledge of various items of stock in order
to v e r ify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container;
inserting enclosures in container; using ex celsio r or other m aterial to
prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying
labels or entering identifying data on container.
Packers who also
make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE R K
P rep a res merchandise for shipment, or receives and is r e
sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other m aterials.
Shipping work in volves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ra c
tices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and p r e
paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, post
ing weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records.
May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment.
Receiving work in volves: V erifyin g or directing others in verifyin g
the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or
T ru ckdriver
T ru ck d river,
T ru ck d river,
T ru ck d river,
T ru ck d river,
(combination of sizes listed separately)
light (under 1V2 tons)
medium ( 1V2 to and including 4 tons)
heavy (o ver 4 tons, tra ile r type)
heavy (o ver 4 tons, other than tra ile r type)
TRU CKER, POWER
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-p o w ered
truck or tra ctor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about
a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
F or wage study purposes, w orkers are cla ssified by type of
truck, as follow s:
Tru cker, power (fo rk lift)
Tru cker, power (other than fo rk lift)
W ATCHM AN
Makes rounds of prem ises period ica lly in protecting property
against fir e , theft, and illeg a l entry.
☆ U.
S. G O V E R N M E N T
P R IN T IN G
O F F I C E : 1957 O -4 3 3 8 8 0
B u lletins in T h is Series
Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1956 and early 1957. Bulletins for the fol
lowing areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.,
or from any of the regional sales offices listed below. As additional bulletins become available, they w ill be listed in subsequent issues.
Labor Market
Survey Period
Seattle, Wash.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Cleveland, Ohio
Boston, Mass.
Dallas, Tex.
Kansas City, Mo.
Philadelphia, Pa.
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Birmingham, Ala.
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.
Portland, Oreg.
Memphis, Tenn.
August 1956
September 1956
October 1956
September 1956
October 1956
December 1956
November 1956
January 1957
December 1956
January 1957
March 1957
April 1957
February 1957
BLS Bulletin
Number
Price
1202-1
1202-2
1202-3
1202-4
1202-5
1202-6
1202-7
1202-8
1202-9
1202-10
1202-11
1202-12
1202-13
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
25 cents
20 cents
25 cents
25 cents
20 cents
Regional S ales O ffic e s
U.S. Department of. L ab o r
Bureau of L abor Statistics
341 Ninth Avenue
N e w York 1, N . Y .
U .S. Department of Labor
Bureau of L ab o r Statistics
18 O liver Street
Boston 10, Mass.
U .S. Department of Labor
Bureau of L abo r Statistics
50 Seventh Street, N. E .
Atlanta 23, Ga.
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
105 West Adams Street
Chicago 3, 11
1.
U .S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
630 Sansome Street
San Fran cisco 11, C a lif.
