Full text of 2005 : Text File, USDL: 06-1680
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Technical Contact: USDL: 06-1680
(202) 691-6199 NCSinfo@bls.gov
Media Contact: FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT
(202) 691-5902 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 2006
Internet address:
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/home.htm
(This news release was reissued on Wednesday, May 26, 2010, to remove table asterisks that have incorrectly
indicated statistically significant differences between some estimates. News release text references to statistical
significance have also been removed. Pay relative estimates have not changed. For more information, see
http://www.bls.gov/ncs.)
OCCUPATIONAL PAY RELATIVES, 2005
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor produces relative occupational pay
comparisons between metropolitan areas and the United States as a whole. Using data from the National Compensation
Survey (NCS), pay relatives--a means of assessing relative pay differences--have been prepared for 2005 for each of
the 9 major occupational groups within 78 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), as well as averaged across all
occupations for each area. (See table 1.) In addition, for the first time, similar area-to-area comparisons have
been calculated for all 78 areas and soon will be available on the BLS website at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/payrel.htm.
The pay relative in 2005 for workers in construction and extraction occupations in the San Francisco MSA was
123, meaning the pay in San Francisco in that occupational group averaged 23 percent more than the national average
pay for that occupational group. The pay relative averaged across all occupations in the San Francisco MSA was 117,
meaning that pay on average was 17 percent above the national average. By contrast, the pay relative for workers in
construction and extraction occupations in the Brownsville, Texas MSA was 72, meaning pay for workers in those
occupations averaged 28 percent less than the national average. Pay averaged across all occupations in the Brownsville
area was 19 percent below the national average.
The National Compensation Survey (NCS), introduced in 1997, collects earnings and other data on employee
compensation covering over 820 detailed occupations in 152 metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Average
occupational earnings from the NCS are published annually for more than 80 metropolitan areas and for the United
States as a whole.
What is a pay relative?
A pay relative is a calculation of pay--wages, salaries, commissions, and production bonuses--for a given metropolitan
area relative to the nation as a whole. The calculation controls for differences among areas in occupational composition,
establishment and occupational characteristics, and the fact that data are collected for areas at different times during
the year.
Metropolitan areas differ greatly in the types of occupations that are available to the local workforce. For example,
in Brownsville, Texas, the ratio of workers in the high-paying management, business, and financial occupational group to
the number of workers in all occupations is approximately 5 percent, whereas nationally this ratio is nearly 9 percent.(1)
Similarly, the composition of establishment and occupational characteristics varies by area. In addition to these
factors, the NCS collects compensation data for metropolitan areas at different times during the year. Payroll reference
dates differ between areas which makes direct comparisons between areas difficult.
The pay relative approach controls for these differences to isolate the geographic effect on wage determination.
To illustrate the importance of controlling for these effects, consider the following example. The average pay for
professional workers in San Francisco is $39.41 and the average pay for professional workers in the entire United States
is $30.24.(2) A simple pay comparison can be calculated from the ratio of the two average pay levels, multiplied by 100
to express the comparison as a percentage. The pay comparison in the example is calculated as:
($39.41/$30.24)X100=130
However, this comparison does not control for the interarea difference in occupational composition. Some of the
30 percent pay premium in San Francisco relative to the nation as a whole is due to the higher concentration of highly
compensated professional workers in San Francisco. A more accurate estimate of the geographic effect on wage determination
in San Francisco can be obtained by taking into account this and other differences. Controlling for the differences
in occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the payroll reference date in San
Francisco relative to the nation as the whole, the pay relative for professional and related occupations in San Francisco
is equal to 117.
Due to sample variation from year to year, data users are cautioned about inferring that there have been actual
changes in underlying economic conditions from changes in the estimated pay relatives between 2004 and 2005. This caution
applies even more strongly to estimates by occupational group.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Footnotes
(1) Data for this example are based on the May 2005 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates,
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
(2) Average pay for professional workers in San Francisco and for the United States are based on wage estimates published
in the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA National Compensation Survey, March 2005 and the National Compensation Survey:
Occupational Wages in the United States, June 2005, http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm.
Technical Note
The pay relatives in this release, as with estimates from any sample survey, are subject to sampling and non-sampling
errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between the pay relatives estimated from the sample and the true pay
relatives derived from the population. Pay relatives are also subject to a variety of non-sampling errors that can
influence the estimates. The NCS may be unable to obtain information for some establishments; there may be difficulties
with survey definitions; respondents may be unable to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding
the data may occur. Non-sampling errors of these kinds were not specifically measured. However, they are expected to
be minimal due to the extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data, computer edits of the data,
and detailed data review.
Historical pay relative data are available for 1992-1996, 1998, 2002, and 2004. There are several differences between
the recent pay relatives and the pay relatives for earlier years, including different industry and occupation classification
systems, varying methodology, and different survey designs. These differences limit comparability. The pay relatives for
2004 and 2005 were calculated using the same industry and occupation classification systems, methodology, and survey
design. Nonetheless, comparisons between the estimates for the two years should be made only with a high degree of
caution.
Pay relatives were estimated using a multivariate regression technique methodology to control for interarea differences.
This technique controls for the following ten characteristics:
- Occupational type
- Industry type
- Work level
- Full-time / part-time status
- Time / incentive status
- Union / nonunion status
- Ownership type
- Profit / non-profit status
- Establishment employment
- Payroll reference date
Even accounting for the characteristics used in the current regression analysis, there is still wage variation across
the areas. The variation is due to differences in wage determinants that were not included in the model. Examples of
these determinants include price levels, environmental amenities such as a pleasant climate, and cultural amenities.
For more details, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan Areas in the NCS" Monthly Labor Review,
March 2005, pp. 46-53, and Parastou Karen Shahpoori, "Pay Relatives for Major Metropolitan Areas," Compensation and
Working Conditions Online, April 28, 2003.
Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan
areas, National Compensation Survey, 2005
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational
group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area1 All business,
occupations and
financial
United States............................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX................................ 89 78
Anchorage, AK............................... 110 112
Atlanta, GA................................. 103 105
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 97 90
Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 96 91
Birmingham, AL.............................. 95 91
Bloomington, IN............................. 94 97
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 112 110
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 81 82
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 103 87
Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 92 89
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 97 93
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 108 107
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 100 97
Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 100 91
Columbus, OH................................ 101 107
Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 87 87
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 99 101
Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 98 100
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 101 94
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 106 101
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 98 101
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 96 90
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 103 98
Great Falls, MT............................. 90 90
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 99 102
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 97 99
Hartford, CT................................ 112 106
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 97 90
Honolulu, HI................................ 103 99
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 97 98
Huntsville, AL.............................. 95 98
Indianapolis, IN............................ 99 92
Iowa City, IA............................... 101 94
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service
and related
United States............................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX................................ 87 86
Anchorage, AK............................... 103 121
Atlanta, GA................................. 101 97
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 101 91
Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 93 94
Birmingham, AL.............................. 92 100
Bloomington, IN............................. 90 93
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 107 113
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 97 77
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 93 109
Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 94 85
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 93 98
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 107 106
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 99 101
Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 99 98
Columbus, OH................................ 96 98
Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 92 83
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 102 95
Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 95 96
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 103 98
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 107 103
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 100 93
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 94 91
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 97 105
Great Falls, MT............................. 84 93
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 93 98
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 92 95
Hartford, CT................................ 109 121
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 96 92
Honolulu, HI................................ 108 106
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 101 87
Huntsville, AL.............................. 96 92
Indianapolis, IN............................ 98 101
Iowa City, IA............................... 100 106
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administra-
related tive support
United States............................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX................................ 91 89
Anchorage, AK............................... 106 107
Atlanta, GA................................. 101 106
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 84 99
Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 101 98
Birmingham, AL.............................. 97 97
Bloomington, IN............................. 94 90
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 113 116
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 86 78
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 104 99
Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 100 96
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 85 99
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 108 111
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 108 102
Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 98 102
Columbus, OH................................ 117 100
Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 92 86
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 107 99
Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 99 92
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 103 104
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 102 104
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 97 92
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 99 96
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 112 101
Great Falls, MT............................. 90 82
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 104 100
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 91 98
Hartford, CT................................ 113 112
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 97 100
Honolulu, HI................................ 100 99
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 98 98
Huntsville, AL.............................. 95 96
Indianapolis, IN............................ 96 98
Iowa City, IA............................... 95 103
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area1 and maintenance,
extraction and repair
United States............................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX................................ 85 84
Anchorage, AK............................... 123 108
Atlanta, GA................................. 103 105
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 83 100
Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 95 98
Birmingham, AL.............................. 84 90
Bloomington, IN............................. 83 98
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 118 112
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 72 80
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 108 98
Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 82 87
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 96 98
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 124 111
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 87 99
Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 102 108
Columbus, OH................................ 102 98
Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 78 80
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 89 95
Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 107 106
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 95 110
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 112 103
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 100 87
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 98 102
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 122 96
Great Falls, MT............................. 125 103
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 96 98
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 81 87
Hartford, CT................................ 118 107
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 83 90
Honolulu, HI................................ 107 110
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 91 97
Huntsville, AL.............................. 97 90
Indianapolis, IN............................ 96 102
Iowa City, IA............................... 104 91
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area1 Production tion and
material
moving
United States............................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX................................ 94 94
Anchorage, AK............................... 116 114
Atlanta, GA................................. 99 112
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC........................ 102 93
Austin-San Marcos, TX....................... 98 93
Birmingham, AL.............................. 92 96
Bloomington, IN............................. 98 108
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT...... 109 114
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX........ 73 79
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY................... 110 106
Charleston-North Charleston, SC............. 93 108
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC......... 100 104
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI.............. 107 105
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN............... 102 101
Cleveland-Akron, OH......................... 108 104
Columbus, OH................................ 98 99
Corpus Christi, TX.......................... 88 88
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX....................... 89 102
Dayton-Springfield, OH...................... 109 97
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO.................. 99 105
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI................. 118 105
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.......................... 98 113
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO................... 101 104
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI........... 107 103
Great Falls, MT............................. 100 86
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC..... 101 105
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC......... 104 101
Hartford, CT................................ 108 112
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC................ 100 107
Honolulu, HI................................ 96 101
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX.............. 99 94
Huntsville, AL.............................. 97 94
Indianapolis, IN............................ 106 100
Iowa City, IA............................... 95 103
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area1 All business,
occupations and
financial
Johnstown, PA............................... 89 90
Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 97 94
Knoxville, TN............................... 92 96
Lincoln, NE................................. 89 91
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 105 104
Louisville, KY-IN........................... 99 101
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 91 95
Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 94 92
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 95 97
Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 101 102
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 108 106
Mobile, AL.................................. 94 103
New Orleans, LA............................. 93 100
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 112 113
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 93 92
Ocala, FL................................... 90 91
Oklahoma City, OK........................... 91 97
Orlando, FL................................. 93 93
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 106 109
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 100 95
Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 96 94
Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 101 101
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 108 115
Reading, PA................................. 103 122
Reno, NV.................................... 97 93
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 102 100
Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 98 99
Rochester, NY............................... 98 97
Rockford, IL................................ 101 88
Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 107 107
Salinas, CA................................. 113 115
San Antonio, TX............................. 90 92
San Diego, CA............................... 105 100
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 117 112
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service
and related
Johnstown, PA............................... 89 91
Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 92 95
Knoxville, TN............................... 91 90
Lincoln, NE................................. 87 90
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 109 108
Louisville, KY-IN........................... 99 101
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 83 93
Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 88 88
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 94 92
Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 94 104
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 103 120
Mobile, AL.................................. 92 86
New Orleans, LA............................. 97 86
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 114 114
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 94 92
Ocala, FL................................... 86 91
Oklahoma City, OK........................... 86 90
Orlando, FL................................. 91 88
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 109 107
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 102 97
Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 95 97
Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 94 112
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 110 116
Reading, PA................................. 98 100
Reno, NV.................................... 95 99
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 96 112
Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 97 98
Rochester, NY............................... 98 105
Rockford, IL................................ 99 101
Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 106 116
Salinas, CA................................. 122 117
San Antonio, TX............................. 93 84
San Diego, CA............................... 110 114
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 117 123
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administra-
related tive support
Johnstown, PA............................... 89 84
Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 96 100
Knoxville, TN............................... 100 92
Lincoln, NE................................. 81 88
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 108 107
Louisville, KY-IN........................... 94 97
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 94 87
Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 97 96
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 94 97
Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 110 102
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 109 106
Mobile, AL.................................. 103 94
New Orleans, LA............................. 106 92
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 108 113
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 94 95
Ocala, FL................................... 93 92
Oklahoma City, OK........................... 87 87
Orlando, FL................................. 100 93
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 99 108
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 107 103
Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 93 98
Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 106 100
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 104 108
Reading, PA................................. 102 99
Reno, NV.................................... 101 94
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 107 98
Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 97 99
Rochester, NY............................... 93 97
Rockford, IL................................ 100 93
Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 108 105
Salinas, CA................................. 119 105
San Antonio, TX............................. 98 90
San Diego, CA............................... 107 103
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 113 121
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area1 and maintenance,
extraction and repair
Johnstown, PA............................... 91 98
Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 96 100
Knoxville, TN............................... 84 89
Lincoln, NE................................. 85 100
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 113 107
Louisville, KY-IN........................... 106 99
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 93 100
Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 89 106
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 84 101
Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 110 101
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 110 109
Mobile, AL.................................. 98 93
New Orleans, LA............................. 84 92
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 128 112
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 87 95
Ocala, FL................................... 79 88
Oklahoma City, OK........................... 91 99
Orlando, FL................................. 87 97
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 107 106
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 89 99
Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 97 94
Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 119 104
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 103 95
Reading, PA................................. 108 101
Reno, NV.................................... 92 106
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 106 91
Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 87 101
Rochester, NY............................... 90 85
Rockford, IL................................ 112 103
Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 100 114
Salinas, CA................................. 119 117
San Antonio, TX............................. 89 89
San Diego, CA............................... 102 103
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 123 112
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area1 Production tion and
material
moving
Johnstown, PA............................... 88 83
Kansas City, MO-KS.......................... 104 98
Knoxville, TN............................... 89 102
Lincoln, NE................................. 89 91
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County, CA..... 99 97
Louisville, KY-IN........................... 98 94
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL........... 94 101
Memphis, TN-AR-MS........................... 97 95
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL................... 97 96
Milwaukee-Racine, WI........................ 103 104
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI................. 113 110
Mobile, AL.................................. 94 95
New Orleans, LA............................. 91 91
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long Island,
NY-NJ-CT-PA................................. 103 113
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News, VA-NC........ 88 94
Ocala, FL................................... 88 100
Oklahoma City, OK........................... 94 98
Orlando, FL................................. 91 100
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD................................. 105 108
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ............................ 95 103
Pittsburgh, PA.............................. 95 99
Portland-Salem, OR-WA....................... 95 98
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA........ 104 107
Reading, PA................................. 103 105
Reno, NV.................................... 95 100
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA................ 94 97
Richmond-Petersburg, VA..................... 96 106
Rochester, NY............................... 98 102
Rockford, IL................................ 106 104
Sacramento-Yolo, CA......................... 104 113
Salinas, CA................................. 103 96
San Antonio, TX............................. 98 90
San Diego, CA............................... 102 97
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.......... 109 112
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area1 All business,
occupations and
financial
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 107 96
Springfield, MA............................. 97 105
Springfield, MO............................. 90 86
St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 100 99
Tallahassee, FL............................. 87 76
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 93 93
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 95 86
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 106 101
York, PA.................................... 97 104
Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 95 86
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area1 Professional Service
and related
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 100 121
Springfield, MA............................. 112 108
Springfield, MO............................. 92 87
St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 96 96
Tallahassee, FL............................. 88 89
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 90 91
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 98 100
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 109 107
York, PA.................................... 99 99
Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 94 87
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area1 Sales and administra-
related tive support
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 108 108
Springfield, MA............................. 108 112
Springfield, MO............................. 89 87
St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 98 100
Tallahassee, FL............................. 92 88
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 89 98
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 90 95
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 100 112
York, PA.................................... 94 95
Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 97 87
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area1 and maintenance,
extraction and repair
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 113 105
Springfield, MA............................. 110 108
Springfield, MO............................. 85 96
St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 117 101
Tallahassee, FL............................. 90 85
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 96 94
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 92 94
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 102 111
York, PA.................................... 93 99
Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 96 96
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area1 Production tion and
material
moving
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA................ 112 106
Springfield, MA............................. 116 73
Springfield, MO............................. 95 92
St. Louis, MO-IL............................ 102 112
Tallahassee, FL............................. 90 105
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL......... 92 98
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA.............. 99 95
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV........... 113 99
York, PA.................................... 92 99
Youngstown-Warren, OH....................... 103 110
1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the
Office of Management and Budget, 1994.