Full text of 2004 : Text File, USDL: 05-2382
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Technical Contact: USDL: 05-2382
(202) 691-6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov
Media Contact: FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. (EST)
(202) 691-5902 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2005
Internet address:
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/home.htm
(This news release was reissued on Wednesday, May 26, 2010, to remove table asterisks that have incorrectly
indicated statistically significant differences between some estimates. News release text references to
statistical significance have also been removed. Pay relative estimates have not changed. For more information,
see http://www.bls.gov/ncs.)
OCCUPATIONAL PAY RELATIVES, 2004
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor has produced occupational "pay relatives"
to facilitate comparisons of occupational pay between metropolitan areas and the United States as a whole. BLS
periodically has issued occupational pay relatives using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) and its
predecessor surveys, and now plans to publish them annually. Using data for 2004 from the NCS, pay relatives have
been prepared for each of 9 major occupational groups within 78 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), as well as
averaged across all occupations for each area.
The pay relative in 2004 for workers in construction and extraction occupations in the San Francisco MSA was
127, meaning the pay in San Francisco in that occupational group averaged 27 percent more than the national average
pay for workers in that occupational group (table 1). The pay relative averaged across all occupations for workers
in the San Francisco MSA was 117, meaning that pay on average was 17 percent more in that area than for the nation
as a whole. By contrast, the pay relative for workers in construction and extraction occupations in the Brownsville, TX
MSA, was 70, meaning pay for workers in those occupations averaged 30 percent less than the national average. Pay
averaged across all occupations in the Brownsville MSA was 19 percent below the national average. The pay relatives
averaged for workers in all occupations in San Francisco and Brownsville were, respectively, the highest and lowest
among the 78 areas. In addition to these examples of area-to-national comparisons, area-to-area comparisons can be
derived using these pay relatives.
The National Compensation Survey (NCS), introduced in 1997, collects earnings and other data on employee
compensation covering over 820 detailed occupations in 152 metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Average
occupational earnings from the NCS are published annually for more than 80 metropolitan areas and for the United
States as a whole.
What is a pay relative?
A pay relative is a calculation of pay--wages, salaries, commissions, and production bonuses--for a given
metropolitan area relative to the nation as a whole. The calculation controls for differences among areas in
occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the fact that data are collected for
areas at different times during the year.
Metropolitan areas differ greatly in the types of occupations that are available to the local workforce. For
example, the proportion of San Francisco's workers who are employed as computer programmers is approximately 48 percent
greater than the national average.(i) Similarly, the composition of establishment and occupational characteristics--such
as whether an establishment is for profit or not-for-profit or whether an occupation is union or nonunion--varies by
area. In addition to these factors, the NCS collects compensation data for metropolitan areas at different times
during the year. Payroll reference dates differ between areas which makes direct comparisons between areas difficult.
The pay relative approach controls for these differences to isolate the geographic effect on wage determination.
To illustrate the importance of controlling for these effects, consider the following example. The average pay for
professional workers in San Francisco is $38.66 and the average pay for professional workers in the entire US is
$29.40.(ii) A simple pay comparison can be calculated from the ratio of the two average pay levels, multiplied by 100
to express the comparison as a percentage. The pay comparison in the example is calculated as:
($38.66/$29.40) X 100 = 131
However, this comparison does not control for the interarea difference in occupational composition. Some of the
31 percent pay premium in San Francisco relative to the nation as a whole is due to the higher concentration of highly
compensated professional workers--such as computer programmers--in San Francisco. A more accurate estimate of the
geographic effect on wage determination in San Francisco can be obtained by taking into account this and other
differences. Controlling for the differences in occupation composition, establishment and occupational characteristics,
and the payroll reference date in San Francisco relative to the nation as the whole, the pay relative for professional
occupations in San Francisco is equal to 118.
Using multivariate regression analysis
A statistical technique called multivariate regression analysis controls for interarea differences. It controls for
the following ten characteristics:
- Occupational type
- Industry type
- Work level
- Full-time / part-time status
- Time / incentive status
- Union / nonunion status
- Ownership type
- Profit / non-profit status
- Establishment employment
- Payroll reference date
Even accounting for these characteristics, there is still wage variation across the areas. The variation is due
to differences in wage determinants that were not included in the model. Examples of these determinants include
price levels, environmental amenities such as a pleasant climate, and cultural amenities.
For more detailed information on the pay relative methodology, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan
Areas in the U.S.," Monthly Labor Review, March 2005, pp. 46-53.
Results
Table 1 presents July 2004 pay relatives averaged across all occupations covered by the NCS survey and nine
occupational groups in 78 metropolitan areas. This table represents the first presentation of NCS wage data using
the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC). For more detailed information on SOC, see the BLS website:
http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm.
The occupational groups are:
(1) management, business, and financial occupations
(2) professional and related occupations
(3) service occupations
(4) sales and related occupations
(5) office and administrative support occupations
(6) construction and extraction occupations
(7) installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
(8) production occupations
(9) transportation and material movement occupations
Comparisons between areas
The pay relatives presented in Table 1 are area-to-national comparisons. However, it is easy to derive area-to-area
comparisons from them. To do so, divide the pay relative for the occupational group and area in question by the pay
relative for the same occupational group in the area to which the first is being compared. Then multiply the result by
100 so that the comparison is expressed as a percentage.
For example, the pay relative for professional occupations in San Francisco is 118 and the pay relative for professional
occupations in Los Angeles is 111. The San Francisco-to-Los Angeles pay relative for professional occupations is calculated as:
(118/111) X 100 = 106
In the example, there is approximately a 6 percent pay premium for professional occupations in San Francisco relative
to the same occupational group in Los Angeles.
Differences between the 2004 pay relatives and historical pay relatives
Historical pay relative data are available for 2002(iii), 1998(iv), and 1992-1996.(v) There are several differences between
the 2004 pay relatives and the historical pay relatives, including different industry and occupation classification systems,
varying methodology, and different survey designs. These differences limit comparability.
The 2004 pay relatives use the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to define industry type.
Occupation type and the occupational groups presented in Table 1 are defined using the Standard Occupational Classification
System (SOC). The 2002 and 1992-1996 pay relatives defined industry type using the Standard Industry Classification (SIC)
system. Occupation type and occupational groups for the 2002, 1998, and 1992-1996 pay relatives were defined using the
Occupational Classification System (OCS).
The 2004 and 2002 pay relatives used a similar multivariate regression technique methodology to calculate pay relatives.
The 1998 and 1992-1996 pay relatives were calculated using a weighted cell means methodology. The methodology controlled
for fewer characteristics:
- Occupational type
- Work level
- Payroll reference date
The 2004, 2002, and 1998 pay relatives were derived from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The 1992-1996 pay
relatives were derived from the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS). The NCS and OCS have significantly different sample
designs. For example, the OCS collected wage data for sampled establishments with 50 or more employees. The NCS collects
data for all sampled establishments. Additionally, the OCS collected wage data for a fixed list of jobs. The NCS collects
wage data for randomly selected jobs.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Footnotes
(i) The proportion of computer programmers in San Francisco relative to the nation as a whole was calculated using total
employment estimates found in the November 2004 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates publication,
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
(ii) Average pay for professional workers in San Francisco and for the United States are based on wage estimates published
in the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA National Compensation Survey, April 2004 and the National Compensation Survey:
Occupational Wages in the United States, July 2004, http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm.
(iii) For more information, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan Areas in the U.S.," Monthly Labor Review,
March 2005, pp. 46-53.
(iv) For more information, see Parastou Karen Shahpoori, "Pay Relatives for Major Metropolitan Areas," Compensation and Working
Conditions, Spring 2003.
(v) For more information, see the Occupational Compensation Survey Publications List (1992-1996),
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocspubs.htm.
Technical Note
The pay relatives in this release, as with estimates from any sample survey, are subject to sampling and non-sampling
errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between the pay relatives estimated from the sample and the true pay
relatives derived from the population. Pay relatives are also subject to a variety of non-sampling errors that can influence
the estimates. The NCS may be unable to obtain information for some establishments; there may be difficulties with survey
definitions; respondents may be unable to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data may occur.
Non-sampling errors of these kinds were not specifically measured. However, they are expected to be minimal due to the
extensive training of the field economists who gathered the survey data, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review.
For more details, see Maury B. Gittleman, "Pay Relatives for Metropolitan Areas in the NCS" Monthly Labor Review,
March 2005, pp. 46-53, and Parastou Karen Shahpoori, "Pay Relatives for Major Metropolitan Areas," Compensation and Working
Conditions Online, April 28, 2003.
Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in
metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2004
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 91 89
Anchorage, AK......................... 111 110
Atlanta, GA........................... 103 101
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 95 94
Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 97 95
Birmingham, AL........................ 94 104
Bloomington, IN....................... 93 102
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 112 110
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
TX.................................... 81 78
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 102 92
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 96 105
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 98 97
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 106 103
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 101 95
Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 101 101
Columbus, OH.......................... 97 90
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 88 95
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 99 103
Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 99 93
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 102 101
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 106 102
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 94 92
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 97 88
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 104 101
Great Falls, MT....................... 87 85
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
NC.................................... 99 95
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 96 93
Hartford, CT.......................... 113 107
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 99 88
Honolulu, HI.......................... 104 104
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 97 107
Huntsville, AL........................ 97 98
Indianapolis, IN...................... 98 94
Iowa City, IA......................... 100 99
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 87 89
Anchorage, AK......................... 109 119
Atlanta, GA........................... 99 102
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 97 89
Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 95 102
Birmingham, AL........................ 97 97
Bloomington, IN....................... 87 93
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 109 114
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
TX.................................... 95 81
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 97 108
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 98 86
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 91 94
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 103 105
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 98 104
Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 101 99
Columbus, OH.......................... 96 96
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 93 84
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 100 95
Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 96 94
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 99 101
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 107 101
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 99 92
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 95 97
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 100 101
Great Falls, MT....................... 83 92
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
NC.................................... 98 97
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 94 93
Hartford, CT.......................... 109 124
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 93 98
Honolulu, HI.......................... 106 107
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 102 88
Huntsville, AL........................ 99 95
Indianapolis, IN...................... 98 96
Iowa City, IA......................... 98 104
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 88 90
Anchorage, AK......................... 101 107
Atlanta, GA........................... 107 105
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 88 93
Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 100 102
Birmingham, AL........................ 92 92
Bloomington, IN....................... 96 88
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 106 117
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
TX.................................... 80 81
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 100 102
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 93 99
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 102 101
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 108 108
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 104 100
Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 97 99
Columbus, OH.......................... 100 99
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 86
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 101 100
Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 102 96
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 97 101
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 98 108
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 95 92
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 96 99
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 106 100
Great Falls, MT....................... 82 81
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
NC.................................... 88 100
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 91 99
Hartford, CT.......................... 114 111
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 90 100
Honolulu, HI.......................... 105 102
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 98 97
Huntsville, AL........................ 96 97
Indianapolis, IN...................... 82 104
Iowa City, IA......................... 91 103
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 89 90
Anchorage, AK......................... 130 108
Atlanta, GA........................... 103 108
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 88 98
Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 93 103
Birmingham, AL........................ 76 100
Bloomington, IN....................... 98 92
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 117 111
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
TX.................................... 70 80
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 101 101
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 81 89
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 89 98
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 123 105
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 102 98
Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 96 105
Columbus, OH.......................... 112 98
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 80 84
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 96 98
Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 99 99
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 96 106
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 110 104
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 99 87
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 99 100
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 106 101
Great Falls, MT....................... 122 100
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
NC.................................... 93 102
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 90 88
Hartford, CT.......................... 138 111
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 81 97
Honolulu, HI.......................... 102 107
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 94 95
Huntsville, AL........................ 89 95
Indianapolis, IN...................... 95 99
Iowa City, IA......................... 104 92
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production ion and
material
moving
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 110 97
Anchorage, AK......................... 122 114
Atlanta, GA........................... 100 103
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC.................. 99 96
Austin-San Marcos, TX................. 90 87
Birmingham, AL........................ 93 94
Bloomington, IN....................... 98 101
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence,
MA-NH-ME-CT........................... 109 119
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito,
TX.................................... 73 77
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY............. 105 101
Charleston-North Charleston, SC....... 93 102
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 104 103
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI........ 103 109
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN......... 108 100
Cleveland-Akron, OH................... 106 105
Columbus, OH.......................... 92 98
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 85
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 94 99
Dayton-Springfield, OH................ 112 104
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO............ 104 104
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........... 115 109
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 95 94
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 96 100
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI..... 107 107
Great Falls, MT....................... 101 88
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point,
NC.................................... 104 104
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC... 103 97
Hartford, CT.......................... 112 110
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC.......... 103 111
Honolulu, HI.......................... 94 106
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX........ 96 93
Huntsville, AL........................ 98 94
Indianapolis, IN...................... 106 104
Iowa City, IA......................... 99 105
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
Johnstown, PA......................... 87 95
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 98 87
Knoxville, TN......................... 95 105
Lincoln, NE........................... 92 93
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
CA.................................... 107 108
Louisville, KY-IN..................... 100 103
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 92 89
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 96 94
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 93 98
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 105 100
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 109 103
Mobile, AL............................ 90 90
New Orleans, LA....................... 90 87
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 110 111
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 93 94
Ocala, FL............................. 92 98
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 91 86
Orlando, FL........................... 91 91
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 107 107
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 102 98
Pittsburgh, PA........................ 97 96
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 100 97
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA................................. 108 103
Reading, PA........................... 104 108
Reno, NV.............................. 99 93
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 100 98
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 99 95
Rochester, NY......................... 99 101
Rockford, IL.......................... 101 84
Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 108 106
Salinas, CA........................... 110 108
San Antonio, TX....................... 92 91
San Diego, CA......................... 108 109
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
Johnstown, PA......................... 84 90
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 93 98
Knoxville, TN......................... 91 89
Lincoln, NE........................... 87 95
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
CA.................................... 111 111
Louisville, KY-IN..................... 102 105
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 86 95
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 89 93
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 97 91
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 95 100
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 104 119
Mobile, AL............................ 93 85
New Orleans, LA....................... 93 83
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 115 110
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 93 91
Ocala, FL............................. 88 87
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 88 88
Orlando, FL........................... 89 86
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 108 106
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 101 94
Pittsburgh, PA........................ 96 99
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 93 109
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA................................. 110 117
Reading, PA........................... 101 103
Reno, NV.............................. 95 102
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 99 105
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 97 99
Rochester, NY......................... 97 107
Rockford, IL.......................... 102 98
Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 112 113
Salinas, CA........................... 117 111
San Antonio, TX....................... 93 87
San Diego, CA......................... 117 111
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
Johnstown, PA......................... 90 83
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 105 101
Knoxville, TN......................... 92 99
Lincoln, NE........................... 91 90
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
CA.................................... 109 107
Louisville, KY-IN..................... 98 100
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 96 92
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 94 92
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 94 93
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 120 102
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 105 105
Mobile, AL............................ 88 92
New Orleans, LA....................... 109 84
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 107 114
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 98 96
Ocala, FL............................. 91 97
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 91 89
Orlando, FL........................... 100 92
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 112 108
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 130 106
Pittsburgh, PA........................ 94 99
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 102 102
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA................................. 113 109
Reading, PA........................... 103 102
Reno, NV.............................. 111 91
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 105 92
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 99 98
Rochester, NY......................... 96 95
Rockford, IL.......................... 93 93
Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 108 106
Salinas, CA........................... 119 110
San Antonio, TX....................... 97 95
San Diego, CA......................... 111 103
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
Johnstown, PA......................... 84 107
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 103 94
Knoxville, TN......................... 86 92
Lincoln, NE........................... 82 96
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
CA.................................... 110 109
Louisville, KY-IN..................... 104 91
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 90 101
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 111 103
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 84 93
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 105 111
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 116 108
Mobile, AL............................ 91 90
New Orleans, LA....................... 85 89
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 127 100
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 87 92
Ocala, FL............................. 81 94
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 86 93
Orlando, FL........................... 87 104
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 106 107
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 90 106
Pittsburgh, PA........................ 91 95
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 108 105
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA................................. 98 88
Reading, PA........................... 100 98
Reno, NV.............................. 101 114
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 99 92
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 88 97
Rochester, NY......................... 95 89
Rockford, IL.......................... 111 115
Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 105 112
Salinas, CA........................... 118 109
San Antonio, TX....................... 79 83
San Diego, CA......................... 108 108
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production tion and
material
moving
Johnstown, PA......................... 85 80
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 109 100
Knoxville, TN......................... 93 94
Lincoln, NE........................... 94 95
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County,
CA.................................... 97 101
Louisville, KY-IN..................... 92 99
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL..... 89 100
Memphis, TN-AR-MS..................... 94 101
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL............. 89 92
Milwaukee-Racine, WI.................. 117 107
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI........... 111 119
Mobile, AL............................ 91 98
New Orleans, LA....................... 86 94
New York-Northern New Jersey- Long
Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA................... 102 113
Norfolk-VA Beach-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 86 93
Ocala, FL............................. 86 104
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 97 93
Orlando, FL........................... 90 92
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 101 108
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ...................... 102 100
Pittsburgh, PA........................ 94 101
Portland-Salem, OR-WA................. 99 103
Providence-Fall River-Warwick,
RI-MA................................. 100 115
Reading, PA........................... 104 108
Reno, NV.............................. 93 100
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA.......... 104 100
Richmond-Petersburg, VA............... 101 104
Rochester, NY......................... 102 100
Rockford, IL.......................... 107 103
Sacramento-Yolo, CA................... 106 110
Salinas, CA........................... 100 96
San Antonio, TX....................... 100 95
San Diego, CA......................... 100 102
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 117 117
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 105 95
Springfield, MA....................... 94 103
Springfield, MO....................... 89 91
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 98 95
Tallahassee, FL....................... 86 83
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 94 99
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 98 95
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 105 101
York, PA.............................. 98 106
Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 98 89
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 118 121
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 98 116
Springfield, MA....................... 107 106
Springfield, MO....................... 88 89
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 95 95
Tallahassee, FL....................... 86 84
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 90 92
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 105 98
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 108 105
York, PA.............................. 101 97
Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 94 88
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 113 120
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 103 105
Springfield, MA....................... 110 110
Springfield, MO....................... 88 86
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 105 98
Tallahassee, FL....................... 99 88
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 106 93
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 101 96
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 101 110
York, PA.............................. 102 93
Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 101 87
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 127 116
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 115 102
Springfield, MA....................... 107 109
Springfield, MO....................... 83 90
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 112 95
Tallahassee, FL....................... 91 79
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 88 101
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 87 99
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 103 101
York, PA.............................. 91 100
Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 99 96
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production tion and
material
moving
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA.... 110 113
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......... 108 105
Springfield, MA....................... 110 65
Springfield, MO....................... 95 94
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 97 109
Tallahassee, FL....................... 83 108
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 93 100
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA........ 93 91
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV..... 102 98
York, PA.............................. 94 101
Youngstown-Warren, OH................. 111 111
1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area
(MSA) or Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the
Office of Management and Budget, 1994.