Full text of November 2004 : Text File, USDL 05-2145
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Technical information: 202) 691-6569 USDL 05-2145
http://www.bls.gov/oes/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, November 9, 2005
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, NOVEMBER 2004
Management and legal occupational groups were the two highest paying of
the 22 major occupational groups in November 2004, according to the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. Over 30 percent of
the workers in these occupational groups earned more than $43.75 per hour.
(See table A.) The major occupational group with the highest employment
level in November 2004 was office and administrative support workers,
followed by sales and related workers, food preparation and serving
workers, and production workers.
These estimates for wage and salary workers are from the Occupational
Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program
between BLS and State Workforce Agencies. The OES survey provides nation-
al, state, and metropolitan area estimates of employment, hourly wages,
and annual wages for 22 major occupational groups and for all 801 non-mili-
tary detailed occupations, as defined by the Standard Occupational Classifi-
cation (SOC) system. Table B displays the number of detailed occupations
within each major occupational group, as well as the level and distribution
of employment across the occupational groups.
The two smallest occupational groups in terms of employment were the
farming, fishing, and forestry and legal occupations. The major occupa-
tional groups with the lowest average wages were food preparation and
serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; building and grounds
cleaning and maintenance; and personal care and service. At least 39 per-
cent of all workers in each of these groups earned less than $8.50 per hour.
Major groups in which 50 percent or more of the employment was concen-
trated in the middle three wage ranges (mean hourly wages from $13.50 to
$27.24) included business and financial operations occupations; community
and social services occupations; education, training, and library occupa-
tions; healthcare practitioner and technical occupations; construction and
extraction occupations; and installation, maintenance, and repair occupa-
tions.
The sales occupations group contained the two largest occupations in the
United States in November 2004. Retail salespersons and cashiers accounted
for about 4.3 and 3.5 million workers, respectively. Other detailed occupa-
tions with more than 2 million workers were general office clerks; hand
laborers and material movers; registered nurses; waiters and waitresses;
combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food; jani-
tors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners; and customer
service representatives. Among these large occupations, registered nurses
had the highest average hourly earnings--$26.77. For the other large occu-
pations, average hourly earnings ranged from $7.42 for combined food prepa-
ration and serving workers, including fast food to $14.11 for customer
service representatives. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Distribution of workers in each major occupational group by wage range,
November 2004
(Percent distribution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Wage range
Major |--------------------------------------------------------------
occupational |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50| Over
group |$8.50| to | to | to | to | to | to | to |$43.74
| |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......| 1.1| 0.9| 2.2| 4.7| 8.2| 13.0| 15.9| 17.8| 36.4
Business and | | | | | | | | |
financial | | | | | | | | |
operations.....| 1.4| 1.9| 4.8| 11.4| 18.8| 21.6| 18.1| 12.0| 9.9
Computer and | | | | | | | | |
mathematical | | | | | | | | |
science........| .5| 1.2| 2.9| 6.3| 11.6| 17.6| 21.7| 20.9| 17.3
Architecture and | | | | | | | | |
engineering....| .4| 1.4| 3.5| 7.3| 13.1| 19.9| 21.2| 18.8| 14.3
Life, physical, | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
science .......| 1.3| 2.6| 6.1| 12.2| 17.4| 18.9| 16.7| 12.6| 12.3
Community and | | | | | | | | |
social | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 5.7| 9.8| 16.7| 21.9| 19.4| 14.8| 7.9| 2.8| 1.0
Legal............| 1.1| 2.0| 4.8| 9.8| 13.6| 13.9| 11.5| 10.9| 32.3
Education, train-| | | | | | | | |
ing, and li- | | | | | | | | |
brary..........| 10.0| 8.6| 9.6| 14.1| 18.7| 17.2| 11.9| 5.8| 4.1
Arts, design, | | | | | | | | |
entertainment, | | | | | | | | |
sports, and | | | | | | | | |
media..........| 12.0| 9.5| 11.5| 15.0| 16.0| 13.8| 9.7| 6.2| 6.4
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
practitioner | | | | | | | | |
and technical..| 1.9| 4.4| 7.4| 11.4| 17.9| 21.1| 15.6| 8.5| 11.8
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
support........| 21.8| 30.9| 24.9| 14.5| 5.8| 1.6| .4| .1| -
Protective | | | | | | | | |
service........| 15.0| 14.7| 14.6| 14.9| 13.9| 13.4| 8.6| 3.7| 1.2
Food preparation | | | | | | | | |
and serving | | | | | | | | |
related........| 64.9| 18.4| 9.3| 4.4| 2.0| .7| .2| .1| -
Building and | | | | | | | | |
grounds clean- | | | | | | | | |
ing and | | | | | | | | |
maintenance....| 39.2| 25.6| 17.2| 10.1| 5.4| 1.8| .5| .1| -
Personal care | | | | | | | | |
and service....| 46.2| 23.1| 12.6| 7.9| 4.9| 2.6| 1.3| .7| .7
Sales and | | | | | | | | |
related........| 34.6| 17.1| 11.5| 9.5| 8.3| 6.7| 4.6| 3.3| 4.4
Office and | | | | | | | | |
administrative | | | | | | | | |
support........| 13.2| 18.7| 22.5| 20.3| 14.3| 7.9| 2.2| .7| .3
Farming, fishing,| | | | | | | | |
and forestry...| 53.9| 19.1| 11.2| 7.9| 4.6| 2.2| .8| .3| .1
Construction and | | | | | | | | |
extraction.....| 5.7| 11.6| 16.3| 19.0| 18.0| 15.0| 9.6| 3.7| 1.1
Installation, | | | | | | | | |
maintenance, | | | | | | | | |
and repair.....| 6.1| 9.9| 14.3| 19.3| 21.3| 17.6| 8.5| 2.4| .7
Production.......| 16.0| 19.2| 20.4| 18.4| 12.9| 8.7| 3.2| .9| .2
Transportation | | | | | | | | |
and material | | | | | | | | |
moving.........| 24.4| 19.2| 18.1| 15.7| 11.9| 6.6| 2.2| .8| 1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations such as specialist
physicians and dentists accounted for 12 out of the 14 highest-paying
delailed occupations in November 2004. The average hourly wages for these
health-related occupations ranged from $87.43 for surgeons to $63.78 for
general dentists. The lowest-paying occupation was fast food cooks, who
earned $7.32 per hour. The five lowest-paying occupations were related
to food preparation and serving.
Table 1 shows national cross-industry employment and wage estimates for
detailed occupations within each major group. The OES program also provides
national occupational employment and wage data by detailed industry, and
cross-industry estimates for all states and all of the 334 U.S. metropolitan
areas. The OES survey is based on a sample of 1.2 million establishments,
collecting information on over 80 million workers in 6 semiannual panels.
Employment and wage data for states and metropolitan areas are now available
on http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm. National data for over 300
industries are available on http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Table B. Number of detailed occupations in each major occupational
group and group employment distribution, November 2004
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Occupations | Employment
Major occupational group |------------------|--------------------
| | Percent | |Percent
| Number | of total| Number |of total
----------------------------|--------|---------|-----------|--------
| | | |
Total..................| 801 | 100.0 |129,146,680| 100.0
| | | |
Management..................| 34 | 4.2 | 6,085,780| 4.7
Business and financial | | | |
operations................| 30 | 3.7 | 5,253,720| 4.1
Computer and mathematical | | | |
science...................| 16 | 2.0 | 2,932,790| 2.3
Architecture and | | | |
engineering...............| 35 | 4.4 | 2,385,680| 1.8
Life, physical, and social | | | |
science...................| 44 | 5.5 | 1,144,240| .9
Community and social | | | |
services..................| 17 | 2.1 | 1,680,750| 1.3
Legal ......................| 9 | 1.1 | 973,970| .8
Education, training, and | | | |
library...................| 61 | 7.6 | 7,969,800| 6.2
Arts, design, entertainment,| | | |
sports, and media.........| 41 | 5.1 | 1,645,870| 1.3
Healthcare practitioner and | | | |
technical.................| 53 | 6.6 | 6,469,920| 5.0
Healthcare support..........| 15 | 1.9 | 3,307,150| 2.6
Protective service .........| 21 | 2.6 | 3,059,090| 2.4
Food preparation and serving| | | |
related...................| 18 | 2.2 | 10,637,260| 8.2
Building and grounds | | | |
cleaning and maintenance..| 10 | 1.2 | 4,323,430| 3.3
Personal care and service...| 34 | 4.2 | 3,154,670| 2.4
Sales and related...........| 22 | 2.7 | 13,713,710| 10.6
Office and administrative | | | |
support...................| 55 | 6.9 | 22,622,500| 17.5
Farming, fishing, and | | | |
forestry..................| 16 | 2.0 | 444,870| .3
Construction and extraction.| 59 | 7.4 | 6,303,180| 4.9
Installation, maintenance, | | | |
and repair................| 51 | 6.4 | 5,246,720| 4.1
Production..................| 110 | 13.7 | 10,194,200| 7.9
Transportation and | | | |
material moving ..........| 50 | 6.2 | 9,597,380| 7.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------
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Technical Note
Scope of the Survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage
and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States.
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their
data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to about
200,000 establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year
period. The nationwide response rate for the November 2004 survey was
78.7 percent for establishments, covering 73.0 percent of employment.
The survey included establishments sampled in the November 2004, May
2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semiannual panels and
about half of the 2001 annual panel.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Clas-
sification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. To-
gether, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/home/htm.
- 5 -
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government. The federal government and the U.S.
Postal Service also are included. An establishment is defined as an econom-
ic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory, mine,
or store. The establishment is generally at a single physical location and
is engaged primarily in one type of economic activity.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS
produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation,
states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry-specific esti-
mates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-
digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national esti-
mates; the SWAs release industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA
levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from
reports submitted by employers to the UI program. Supplemental sources are
used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by area, industry,
and employment size.
A census of federal government and the U.S. Postal Service is taken every
panel. A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is taken
every November panel. Units in rail transportation (NAICS 482), hospitals
(NAICS 622), and state-owned educational services (NAICS 611) are sampled
with certainty across a 3-year period. Establishments with 250 or more
employees are sampled with virtual certainty across a 3-year period with
about one-sixth sampled in each panel.
- 6 -
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary em-
ployment in an occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-
or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types
of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their pay-
check.
The OES survey form sent to establishments with more than 10 workers con-
tains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled
establishment's industry classification. To reduce paperwork and respondent
burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for speci-
fic occupations are collected primarily from establishments in industries
that are the predominant employers of workers in those occupations. Each
survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed
occupational information for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlist-
ed occupations can be added to the survey form. Employers with 10 or fewer
workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill
in the occupations for their workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, haz-
ardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses,
tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay,
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range. The wage intervals
used for the November 2004 survey are as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------
|
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------
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Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and
over, was computed separately for NCS data from 2004, 2003, 2002, and
2001. The average of these mean wage rates was used for all of the
$70.00 and over data in the November 2004 survey. The wage rates for
this interval do not go through any wage updating procedures.
Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more. This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual
wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by
multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than
full time, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and
reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers,
flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work
the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported.
Other workers, such as entertainment workers are paid hourly rates, but gen-
erally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly
wage is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report
the hourly rate for part-time workers.
- 8 -
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The
OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years)
of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows
the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry,
and occupation. Combining six panels of data also is necessary to obtain
the full complement of certainty establishments. (Note: The first semi-
annual panel was in November 2002. Prior to that, about 400,000 estab-
lishments were surveyed annually. Each earlier sample is a two-panel
equivalent.)
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained
by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas
and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However,
wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey
data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data.
The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate,
as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its
broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupa-
tional division.
Imputation. Over 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a given
panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute
missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used
to impute missing wage distributions. The variant of mean imputation for wage
distributions also is applied to establishments that provide reports with occu-
pational totals but partial or missing wage data.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each panel are
weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope
frame from which the panel was selected. Based on the sampled establish-
ments, weights are adjusted when six panels are combined. Weights are ad-
justed by benchmarking employment totals from the OES survey to employment
figures derived from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
November 2004 OES survey estimates. The November 2004 OES survey esti-
mates are based on all data collected from establishments in the November
2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semiannual
samples and half of the 2001 annual sample. During estimates processing,
OES employment data were benchmarked to the average employment for Novem-
ber 2004 and May 2004 from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
- 9 -
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling
error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (that is, a sample)
of the population instead of the full population. When a sample of the popu-
lation is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the charac-
teristic of interest may differ from the population value of that characteris-
tic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will
vary depending on the sample selected. This variability can be estimated by
calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to
repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same
survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding
and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the popula-
tion value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals. The
OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of a
sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined
as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This
statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment and
mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using
a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean
wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance components model that accounts
for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The
variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the
BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many estab-
lishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the
distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confi-
dence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.
Additional information
The November 2004 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in
table 1, will be available soon on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes/.
Users also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages. The
November 2004 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be
available on the BLS Web site in November 2005. Industry staffing patterns
at the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels also will be avail-
able from the Internet beginning in November 2005. These data will include
industry-specific occupational employment and wage data.
For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics,
Room 2135, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone
202-691-6569 (e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, November 2004
Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Occupation Hourly Annual(1) wages
Management occupations
Chief executives 334,960 $67.73 $140,880 $68.18
General and operations managers 1,704,110 44.99 93,580 38.13
Legislators 61,180 (2) 31,700 (2)
Advertising and promotions managers 49,220 38.11 79,260 32.00
Marketing managers 172,300 48.09 100,020 43.49
Sales managers 318,470 46.61 96,950 41.34
Public relations managers 47,640 40.14 83,490 35.56
Administrative services managers 248,980 32.75 68,120 29.95
Computer and information systems managers 264,190 48.13 100,110 45.38
Financial managers 489,170 45.28 94,180 40.28
Compensation and benefits managers 53,320 36.02 74,930 32.23
Training and development managers 32,610 36.98 76,920 33.86
Human resources managers, all other 58,610 42.66 88,740 39.78
Industrial production managers 156,270 38.77 80,640 35.63
Purchasing managers 72,120 38.27 79,610 35.72
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 86,740 35.12 73,050 32.36
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 4,660 26.39 54,900 24.38
Farmers and ranchers 430 20.22 42,050 18.56
Construction managers 188,750 38.50 80,070 34.02
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program 49,190 19.90 41,400 17.35
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 208,980 (2) 76,050 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 102,880 37.30 77,580 33.36
Education administrators, all other 23,560 32.99 68,610 30.07
Engineering managers 188,620 50.10 104,210 47.60
Food service managers 205,400 21.73 45,200 19.52
Funeral directors 22,780 26.58 55,280 22.39
Gaming managers 3,580 32.03 66,620 28.79
Lodging managers 30,330 21.98 45,720 18.80
Medical and health services managers 227,980 36.46 75,830 32.85
Natural sciences managers 40,250 46.90 97,560 43.31
Postmasters and mail superintendents 26,610 24.42 50,790 24.29
Property, real estate, and community association managers 152,590 24.21 50,350 19.97
Social and community service managers 115,760 25.34 52,700 23.24
Managers, all other 343,530 39.82 82,820 37.66
Business and financial operations occupations
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 10,030 34.24 71,210 26.51
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 13,180 24.83 51,650 21.46
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 135,560 23.18 48,220 20.28
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 263,140 24.93 51,860 23.25
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 245,610 23.60 49,080 22.14
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 13,080 23.29 48,450 22.98
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
and transportation 158,890 25.28 52,580 23.33
Cost estimators 195,270 26.38 54,870 24.48
Emergency management specialists 10,880 23.91 49,730 21.96
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 173,160 22.81 47,440 19.80
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 95,800 24.75 51,480 23.42
Training and development specialists 206,140 23.25 48,360 21.81
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other 168,580 23.83 49,570 22.88
Logisticians 52,210 30.08 62,570 28.59
Management analysts 424,740 35.32 73,460 31.04
Meeting and convention planners 37,170 20.82 43,300 19.38
Business operations specialists, all other 880,960 28.14 58,530 25.90
Accountants and auditors 1,007,760 27.48 57,160 24.67
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 62,320 24.17 50,280 21.05
Budget analysts 54,940 28.99 60,290 27.49
Credit analysts 64,630 27.67 57,560 23.46
Financial analysts 181,340 34.27 71,280 30.18
Personal financial advisors 102,120 39.93 83,060 30.03
Insurance underwriters 96,200 26.38 54,870 23.80
Financial examiners 22,610 31.54 65,600 29.07
Loan counselors 27,290 19.27 40,070 16.74
Loan officers 305,330 28.59 59,470 23.64
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 70,780 23.44 48,750 21.15
Tax preparers 53,790 15.39 32,000 12.56
Financial specialists, all other 120,240 26.87 55,890 24.17
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Computer and information scientists, research 26,950 43.68 90,860 42.26
Computer programmers 396,100 31.96 66,480 30.28
Computer software engineers, applications 439,720 37.78 78,570 36.69
Computer software engineers, systems software 321,120 40.12 83,460 39.01
Computer support specialists 491,680 20.99 43,660 19.54
Computer systems analysts 497,100 33.40 69,470 32.46
Database administrators 100,420 30.95 64,380 29.78
Network and computer systems administrators 262,930 29.95 62,300 28.42
Network systems and data communications analysts 176,840 30.81 64,080 29.45
Computer specialists, all other 120,770 30.26 62,930 28.51
Actuaries 15,710 42.90 89,230 37.89
Mathematicians 2,660 38.98 81,080 38.95
Operations research analysts 53,580 30.66 63,760 28.96
Statisticians 17,560 30.75 63,950 28.83
Mathematical technicians 1,460 21.14 43,970 18.26
Mathematical scientists, all other 8,190 29.93 62,250 30.10
Architecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval 96,540 32.36 67,300 29.54
Landscape architects 19,130 28.03 58,310 26.10
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 10,770 23.94 49,790 22.29
Surveyors 51,960 22.73 47,280 21.14
Aerospace engineers 79,730 40.20 83,620 39.60
Agricultural engineers 3,200 30.30 63,030 29.01
Biomedical engineers 10,050 35.65 74,150 33.90
Chemical engineers 28,590 37.51 78,030 36.78
Civil engineers 226,100 32.83 68,280 31.38
Computer hardware engineers 79,670 41.13 85,540 39.78
Electrical engineers 147,120 36.32 75,540 34.99
Electronics engineers, except computer 133,410 37.80 78,620 36.93
Environmental engineers 50,120 33.27 69,200 32.51
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 25,910 32.09 66,750 30.92
Industrial engineers 184,900 32.61 67,820 31.77
Marine engineers and naval architects 6,250 35.30 73,410 34.84
Materials engineers 20,940 33.99 70,700 32.97
Mechanical engineers 219,040 33.41 69,480 32.32
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 5,480 35.87 74,610 33.35
Nuclear engineers 15,870 42.94 89,320 41.52
Petroleum engineers 14,790 44.64 92,840 43.29
Engineers, all other 153,090 36.88 76,720 36.59
Architectural and civil drafters 99,640 20.02 41,650 19.15
Electrical and electronics drafters 31,920 23.06 47,970 21.23
Mechanical drafters 75,930 21.98 45,720 20.91
Drafters, all other 22,080 22.74 47,300 20.89
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 9,900 25.93 53,930 25.03
Civil engineering technicians 90,890 19.31 40,170 18.58
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 173,690 23.04 47,920 22.66
Electro-mechanical technicians 16,890 21.12 43,930 20.28
Environmental engineering technicians 19,720 20.17 41,950 19.22
Industrial engineering technicians 74,790 23.87 49,660 21.92
Mechanical engineering technicians 45,600 22.00 45,750 21.17
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 82,180 24.83 51,640 24.86
Surveying and mapping technicians 59,800 15.97 33,220 14.91
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Animal scientists 2,940 22.91 47,660 20.76
Food scientists and technologists 7,270 27.21 56,600 24.67
Soil and plant scientists 10,260 27.35 56,900 25.60
Biochemists and biophysicists 16,340 34.69 72,160 33.03
Microbiologists 14,660 29.70 61,770 26.58
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 15,750 25.92 53,920 24.36
Biological scientists, all other 25,220 30.20 62,820 28.32
Conservation scientists 15,150 25.69 53,440 25.16
Foresters 10,070 24.44 50,840 23.46
Epidemiologists 3,520 27.20 56,580 25.25
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 74,860 32.81 68,240 28.96
Life scientists, all other 12,390 30.37 63,180 27.23
Astronomers 840 46.53 96,780 47.65
Physicists 14,500 43.02 89,490 42.06
Atmospheric and space scientists 7,170 34.00 70,730 34.35
Chemists 78,360 30.00 62,400 27.45
Materials scientists 7,470 35.23 73,270 33.85
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 69,990 27.06 56,280 24.98
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 26,440 37.45 77,890 33.74
Hydrologists 7,520 30.83 64,130 29.27
Physical scientists, all other 25,110 39.86 82,900 38.71
Economists 12,250 38.23 79,520 34.79
Market research analysts 184,050 30.83 64,130 27.48
Survey researchers 19,180 16.15 33,590 13.42
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 98,430 30.45 63,340 27.10
Industrial-organizational psychologists 1,480 39.43 82,010 35.61
Psychologists, all other 6,240 33.79 70,280 35.05
Sociologists 3,980 30.54 63,530 27.30
Urban and regional planners 30,950 27.42 57,030 26.25
Anthropologists and archeologists 4,540 23.15 48,150 21.45
Geographers 760 30.11 62,630 29.58
Historians 2,480 23.74 49,390 21.61
Political scientists 4,490 41.06 85,400 41.57
Social scientists and related workers, all other 30,170 30.65 63,750 29.62
Agricultural and food science technicians 18,950 15.68 32,620 14.73
Biological technicians 61,080 17.56 36,520 16.51
Chemical technicians 61,350 19.25 40,040 18.57
Geological and petroleum technicians 11,660 22.83 47,480 20.06
Nuclear technicians 7,030 28.94 60,200 29.37
Social science research assistants 14,990 16.83 35,010 16.04
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 30,670 18.02 37,480 17.06
Forensic science technicians 10,270 22.87 47,560 21.35
Forest and conservation technicians 17,900 16.73 34,800 15.99
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 65,530 21.28 44,260 18.95
Community and social services occupations
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 70,400 16.91 35,170 15.69
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 214,350 23.12 48,100 22.19
Marriage and family therapists 20,060 20.89 43,450 19.44
Mental health counselors 89,260 17.61 36,630 16.06
Rehabilitation counselors 116,560 14.82 30,820 13.41
Counselors, all other 21,120 18.46 38,400 17.21
Child, family, and school social workers 255,300 18.40 38,280 16.83
Medical and public health social workers 108,290 20.32 42,250 19.60
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 115,810 17.61 36,620 16.50
Social workers, all other 62,120 20.05 41,710 19.28
Health educators 49,300 20.74 43,150 19.07
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 91,960 20.68 43,020 19.11
Social and human service assistants 318,120 12.64 26,300 11.89
Community and social service specialists, all other 92,760 16.77 34,880 15.74
Clergy 35,120 19.81 41,210 18.21
Directors, religious activities and education 13,360 16.19 33,680 14.77
Religious workers, all other 6,860 12.73 26,490 10.49
Legal occupations
Lawyers 528,270 53.17 110,590 46.83
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers 15,510 35.38 73,580 33.04
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 5,150 28.76 59,820 25.81
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 25,000 44.28 92,100 46.76
Paralegals and legal assistants 215,280 20.55 42,740 19.45
Court reporters 16,260 22.43 46,650 20.54
Law clerks 41,340 17.27 35,930 16.61
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 57,930 18.95 39,420 16.72
Legal support workers, all other 69,220 21.95 45,650 20.38
Education, training, and library occupations
Business teachers, postsecondary 66,760 (2) 66,760 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 37,800 (2) 59,200 (2)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 45,820 (2) 58,090 (2)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary 5,720 (2) 65,910 (2)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 34,410 (2) 78,900 (2)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary 11,550 (2) 72,800 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 59,000 (2) 77,920 (2)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary 2,980 (2) 66,780 (2)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary 8,830 (2) 70,650 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 19,380 (2) 64,880 (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 4,170 (2) 65,860 (2)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 13,160 (2) 70,490 (2)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 5,100 (2) 66,050 (2)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary 7,580 (2) 62,360 (2)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 12,460 (2) 74,060 (2)
Geography teachers, postsecondary 4,220 (2) 61,120 (2)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 13,530 (2) 65,510 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 29,860 (2) 61,380 (2)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 14,680 (2) 59,490 (2)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 5,920 (2) 69,230 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 108,800 (2) 82,420 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 36,110 (2) 56,300 (2)
Education teachers, postsecondary 48,670 (2) 54,550 (2)
Library science teachers, postsecondary 3,780 (2) 55,300 (2)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary 9,770 (2) 52,660 (2)
Law teachers, postsecondary 13,090 (2) 95,570 (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary 7,200 (2) 55,900 (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 65,620 (2) 53,360 (2)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 21,340 (2) 53,770 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 58,550 (2) 53,090 (2)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 23,240 (2) 52,700 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 20,010 (2) 58,910 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 17,940 (2) 57,480 (2)
Graduate teaching assistants 119,180 (2) 28,460 (2)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary 4,060 (2) 50,980 (2)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 16,150 (2) 48,380 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 108,540 21.29 44,280 19.79
Postsecondary teachers, all other 257,650 31.57 65,660 28.34
Preschool teachers, except special education 350,000 11.81 24,560 10.36
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 164,800 (2) 44,940 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 1,431,380 (2) 46,350 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education 626,110 (2) 47,170 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 16,020 (2) 46,350 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education 1,026,050 (2) 48,980 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 100,200 (2) 48,840 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school 205,830 (2) 47,360 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 101,080 (2) 49,750 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 135,280 (2) 50,360 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors 66,560 20.91 43,500 19.10
Self-enrichment education teachers 141,750 17.30 35,980 15.16
Teachers and instructors, all other 521,220 (2) 33,040 (2)
Archivists 5,160 19.48 40,520 18.03
Curators 8,480 23.18 48,200 21.12
Museum technicians and conservators 8,820 17.42 36,240 15.80
Librarians 145,140 23.42 48,700 22.57
Library technicians 112,850 12.85 26,720 12.22
Audio-visual collections specialists 6,810 19.15 39,840 18.89
Farm and home management advisors 12,090 21.65 45,030 19.84
Instructional coordinators 109,470 25.23 52,480 24.07
Teacher assistants 1,260,820 (2) 20,750 (2)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 71,270 16.26 33,830 14.53
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Art directors 28,310 35.29 73,400 30.65
Craft artists 4,210 12.86 26,760 10.92
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 10,320 22.22 46,210 19.83
Multi-media artists and animators 27,960 27.73 57,680 23.99
Artists and related workers, all other 5,420 18.38 38,230 15.14
Commercial and industrial designers 29,770 27.09 56,350 25.13
Fashion designers 13,190 32.90 68,430 28.88
Floral designers 64,780 10.64 22,120 9.99
Graphic designers 168,060 20.15 41,910 18.24
Interior designers 46,950 22.13 46,030 19.94
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 63,590 12.04 25,040 10.71
Set and exhibit designers 8,760 19.39 40,330 17.25
Designers, all other 12,550 22.29 46,370 20.35
Actors 62,640 22.68 (2) 12.03
Producers and directors 58,180 33.39 69,460 25.21
Athletes and sports competitors 11,780 (2) 82,540 (2)
Coaches and scouts 136,040 (2) 32,260 (2)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 12,320 (2) 27,770 (2)
Dancers 16,490 12.37 (2) 8.61
Choreographers 15,350 19.18 39,900 16.69
Music directors and composers 9,470 22.13 46,020 16.73
Musicians and singers 52,350 24.66 (2) 17.91
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 65,100 18.11 (2) 15.81
Radio and television announcers 41,140 15.65 32,540 10.97
Public address system and other announcers 8,480 14.43 30,010 10.76
Broadcast news analysts 6,910 29.30 60,940 19.81
Reporters and correspondents 52,730 18.77 39,050 15.22
Public relations specialists 180,200 24.26 50,460 21.34
Editors 97,380 24.21 50,370 21.45
Technical writers 45,450 27.60 57,420 26.15
Writers and authors 42,750 25.07 52,150 21.86
Interpreters and translators 26,470 18.24 37,940 16.78
Media and communication workers, all other 25,870 22.00 45,760 20.05
Audio and video equipment technicians 39,860 17.77 36,950 15.93
Broadcast technicians 30,670 16.49 34,300 14.00
Radio operators 1,400 17.92 37,270 17.17
Sound engineering technicians 12,070 22.20 46,180 18.93
Photographers 55,450 15.21 31,630 12.79
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 22,410 20.28 42,190 18.70
Film and video editors 14,890 25.32 52,670 21.51
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 18,180 23.00 47,830 20.82
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Chiropractors 22,730 40.40 84,020 32.66
Dentists, general 86,360 63.78 132,660 58.86
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 4,380 81.54 169,600 (3)
Orthodontists 5,670 73.67 153,240 (3)
Prosthodontists 550 75.34 156,710 (3)
Dentists, all other specialists 3,220 50.98 106,040 41.05
Dietitians and nutritionists 47,820 21.87 45,490 21.33
Optometrists 23,190 46.29 96,290 42.45
Pharmacists 226,200 41.78 86,910 41.91
Anesthesiologists 26,140 83.95 174,610 (3)
Family and general practitioners 108,800 66.33 137,980 65.47
Internists, general 50,500 75.38 156,790 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 22,100 83.89 174,490 (3)
Pediatricians, general 26,870 67.31 140,000 65.12
Psychiatrists 22,500 72.78 151,380 (3)
Surgeons 55,390 87.43 181,850 (3)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 174,270 65.91 137,100 67.10
Physician assistants 63,140 32.93 68,500 33.29
Podiatrists 6,940 53.43 111,130 46.78
Registered nurses 2,338,530 26.77 55,680 25.79
Audiologists 9,830 27.51 57,220 25.50
Occupational therapists 86,710 27.70 57,610 26.75
Physical therapists 145,210 30.62 63,690 29.60
Radiation therapists 14,040 30.18 62,780 29.06
Recreational therapists 23,350 16.72 34,780 15.96
Respiratory therapists 94,500 21.79 45,310 21.24
Speech-language pathologists 93,200 27.33 56,850 25.86
Therapists, all other 8,380 21.59 44,900 19.92
Veterinarians 48,290 36.69 76,320 32.83
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 60,410 43.76 91,020 27.49
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 154,180 22.89 47,610 22.46
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 143,610 15.78 32,820 15.11
Dental hygienists 158,130 28.74 59,790 28.53
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 43,320 19.60 40,770 18.97
Diagnostic medical sonographers 42,500 26.36 54,820 25.79
Nuclear medicine technologists 18,120 29.22 60,780 27.91
Radiologic technologists and technicians 183,960 22.07 45,900 21.51
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 191,070 13.43 27,940 12.32
Dietetic technicians 24,210 12.21 25,390 11.23
Pharmacy technicians 265,190 12.09 25,150 11.62
Psychiatric technicians 62,960 13.80 28,710 12.55
Respiratory therapy technicians 21,970 18.19 37,840 18.00
Surgical technologists 82,070 17.10 35,560 16.56
Veterinary technologists and technicians 61,110 12.66 26,330 12.19
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 706,360 17.11 35,580 16.66
Medical records and health information technicians 159,580 13.54 28,160 12.55
Opticians, dispensing 66,000 14.65 30,470 13.77
Orthotists and prosthetists 4,960 28.64 59,560 25.33
Health technologists and technicians, all other 69,710 17.80 37,010 16.39
Occupational health and safety specialists 35,950 26.16 54,410 25.31
Occupational health and safety technicians 10,560 21.95 45,650 20.83
Athletic trainers 14,450 (2) 35,880 (2)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other 50,760 18.62 38,720 16.00
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides 625,770 9.23 19,200 8.92
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 1,395,030 10.53 21,890 10.20
Psychiatric aides 56,600 11.43 23,770 10.99
Occupational therapist assistants 21,000 18.53 38,550 18.53
Occupational therapist aides 5,390 12.77 26,570 11.55
Physical therapist assistants 57,650 18.29 38,050 18.39
Physical therapist aides 41,430 11.19 23,270 10.28
Massage therapists 34,200 17.87 37,170 15.52
Dental assistants 268,950 14.22 29,570 13.95
Medical assistants 369,430 12.44 25,860 12.03
Medical equipment preparers 40,200 12.26 25,500 11.80
Medical transcriptionists 93,670 14.20 29,530 13.76
Pharmacy aides 45,630 9.74 20,270 9.13
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 70,210 9.68 20,130 9.22
Healthcare support workers, all other 182,000 12.79 26,610 12.30
Protective service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 37,990 24.14 50,210 23.11
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 93,610 31.82 66,190 31.26
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers 53,880 29.48 61,320 28.73
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other 49,400 21.17 44,040 18.96
Fire fighters 275,090 19.22 39,980 18.60
Fire inspectors and investigators 12,800 23.24 48,340 22.50
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists 1,690 18.25 37,970 16.44
Bailiffs 17,770 16.83 35,000 16.21
Correctional officers and jailers 416,490 17.38 36,160 16.19
Detectives and criminal investigators 87,330 27.35 56,890 26.21
Fish and game wardens 6,360 20.58 42,800 20.34
Parking enforcement workers 10,250 14.61 30,400 13.85
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 623,390 22.40 46,600 21.92
Transit and railroad police 5,060 24.68 51,330 24.07
Animal control workers 13,690 13.41 27,900 12.87
Private detectives and investigators 34,940 17.77 36,970 15.63
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators 8,800 13.72 28,550 12.38
Security guards 992,180 10.76 22,380 9.87
Crossing guards 68,630 10.08 20,960 9.48
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 107,120 8.57 17,820 8.05
Protective service workers, all other 142,610 15.22 31,660 13.76
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks 117,850 16.77 34,870 15.09
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers 738,610 13.27 27,600 12.37
Cooks, fast food 651,530 7.32 15,230 7.10
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 395,950 9.73 20,240 9.29
Cooks, private household 790 10.50 21,850 9.37
Cooks, restaurant 770,660 9.80 20,370 9.47
Cooks, short order 209,370 8.59 17,870 8.27
Cooks, all other 10,230 11.08 23,050 10.26
Food preparation workers 874,060 8.58 17,850 8.12
Bartenders 471,640 8.35 17,360 7.51
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 2,223,820 7.42 15,430 7.09
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 483,870 7.83 16,290 7.60
Waiters and waitresses 2,228,950 7.68 15,980 6.78
Food servers, nonrestaurant 188,950 8.71 18,120 8.08
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 393,090 7.48 15,560 7.17
Dishwashers 493,310 7.53 15,670 7.41
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 324,570 7.84 16,310 7.56
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 60,010 8.95 18,620 8.30
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers 193,860 15.62 32,490 14.45
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
groundskeeping workers 105,640 18.52 38,520 17.20
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 2,119,800 10.00 20,800 9.19
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 887,120 8.67 18,030 8.17
Building cleaning workers, all other 13,350 11.04 22,970 10.36
Pest control workers 59,840 13.64 28,360 12.85
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 866,950 10.70 22,260 9.92
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 24,760 12.95 26,940 12.46
Tree trimmers and pruners 34,160 13.62 28,330 12.90
Grounds maintenance workers, all other 17,960 11.21 23,320 9.71
Personal care and service occupations
Gaming supervisors 25,570 20.30 42,220 19.75
Slot key persons 15,630 11.93 24,810 10.85
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 124,470 16.32 33,940 14.86
Animal trainers 8,490 13.56 28,200 11.73
Nonfarm animal caretakers 86,650 9.43 19,620 8.48
Gaming dealers 85,240 7.79 16,210 6.91
Gaming and sports book writers and runners 19,800 9.88 20,560 9.00
Gaming service workers, all other 16,640 10.78 22,410 9.97
Motion picture projectionists 10,160 9.36 19,460 8.25
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 105,040 8.06 16,770 7.35
Amusement and recreation attendants 243,640 8.05 16,730 7.52
Costume attendants 3,480 13.57 28,220 12.04
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 20,880 8.91 18,530 8.52
Embalmers 9,300 17.78 36,990 16.68
Funeral attendants 29,930 10.01 20,830 9.34
Barbers 13,530 12.24 25,470 10.51
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 335,000 11.41 23,720 9.85
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 1,680 16.22 33,730 15.69
Manicurists and pedicurists 44,390 9.56 19,880 8.72
Shampooers 15,580 7.70 16,020 7.31
Skin care specialists 21,630 13.32 27,700 11.70
Baggage porters and bellhops 54,310 10.44 21,720 8.69
Concierges 16,890 11.99 24,930 11.30
Tour guides and escorts 27,610 9.98 20,760 9.27
Travel guides 3,740 14.79 30,770 13.50
Flight attendants 101,730 (2) 53,560 (2)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters 25,870 9.88 20,540 9.20
Child care workers 532,400 8.68 18,060 8.15
Personal and home care aides 555,780 8.44 17,560 8.18
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 183,090 15.03 31,260 12.53
Recreation workers 263,570 10.66 22,180 9.56
Residential advisors 49,710 11.31 23,520 10.47
Personal care and service workers, all other (4) 9.77 20,330 8.75
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,083,890 17.90 37,230 15.58
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 302,890 34.66 72,100 28.99
Cashiers 3,451,100 8.27 17,200 7.78
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers 28,740 9.94 20,670 9.74
Counter and rental clerks 454,950 10.52 21,890 8.86
Parts salespersons 239,130 13.71 28,510 12.43
Retail salespersons 4,260,150 11.00 22,880 9.03
Advertising sales agents 149,590 24.08 50,090 19.91
Insurance sales agents 283,840 27.07 56,310 20.21
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 249,170 42.08 87,520 31.36
Travel agents 88,480 14.43 30,010 13.48
Sales representatives, services, all other 383,680 25.99 54,060 22.70
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products 382,520 32.56 67,730 28.56
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products 1,403,590 26.20 54,500 22.16
Demonstrators and product promoters 89,570 11.75 24,450 9.85
Models 1,500 12.85 26,740 10.09
Real estate brokers 41,190 36.22 75,330 27.39
Real estate sales agents 141,040 24.25 50,440 17.77
Sales engineers 70,300 37.16 77,290 34.42
Telemarketers 407,650 11.31 23,520 9.84
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 12,870 12.92 26,870 10.41
Sales and related workers, all other 187,880 18.89 39,300 15.62
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 1,365,190 21.58 44,890 20.12
Switchboard operators, including answering service 202,980 10.94 22,750 10.50
Telephone operators 36,760 14.41 29,980 13.82
Communications equipment operators, all other 4,090 15.58 32,400 14.91
Bill and account collectors 444,790 14.16 29,460 13.36
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 506,720 13.68 28,460 13.18
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1,777,320 14.56 30,280 13.96
Gaming cage workers 19,570 11.14 23,170 10.72
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 206,570 15.30 31,820 14.89
Procurement clerks 71,150 15.33 31,890 15.14
Tellers 573,740 10.41 21,650 10.17
Brokerage clerks 70,580 18.13 37,700 16.92
Correspondence clerks 19,770 14.10 29,340 13.38
Court, municipal, and license clerks 101,450 14.85 30,900 13.93
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 67,110 14.92 31,020 13.86
Customer service representatives 2,036,090 14.11 29,350 13.08
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 86,620 16.38 34,060 16.05
File clerks 238,310 10.82 22,500 10.18
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 198,890 9.00 18,730 8.54
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 201,230 12.18 25,330 11.71
Library assistants, clerical 102,180 10.73 22,310 10.12
Loan interviewers and clerks 223,870 14.95 31,100 14.12
New accounts clerks 85,120 13.64 28,370 12.96
Order clerks 276,160 12.99 27,030 12.16
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 163,920 15.98 33,250 15.47
Receptionists and information clerks 1,087,330 11.01 22,900 10.58
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 159,510 14.54 30,240 13.51
All other information and record clerks 280,160 18.56 38,610 15.77
Cargo and freight agents 72,740 17.70 36,820 17.05
Couriers and messengers 111,380 10.57 21,990 9.91
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 92,090 14.80 30,780 14.12
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 168,010 15.98 33,240 14.96
Meter readers, utilities 47,260 15.06 31,320 14.29
Postal service clerks 77,930 22.51 46,830 23.19
Postal service mail carriers 346,000 21.24 44,180 22.06
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 224,600 19.42 40,400 20.47
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 287,450 18.41 38,290 17.74
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 748,700 12.63 26,270 11.93
Stock clerks and order fillers 1,606,180 10.56 21,970 9.66
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 84,460 12.88 26,780 11.83
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 1,420,170 17.96 37,350 17.09
Legal secretaries 261,560 18.69 38,870 17.97
Medical secretaries 356,760 13.58 28,250 13.00
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 1,712,600 13.23 27,520 12.72
Computer operators 133,230 15.93 33,140 15.16
Data entry keyers 307,400 11.81 24,560 11.27
Word processors and typists 161,730 14.33 29,800 13.74
Desktop publishers 30,340 16.45 34,210 15.64
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 244,700 14.96 31,120 14.35
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 148,960 11.37 23,650 10.87
Office clerks, general 2,943,750 11.75 24,440 11.05
Office machine operators, except computer 88,540 11.96 24,870 11.28
Proofreaders and copy markers 20,190 13.02 27,080 12.12
Statistical assistants 18,370 15.09 31,390 14.00
Office and administrative support workers, all other 300,210 13.23 27,520 12.24
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 19,740 18.72 38,930 17.33
Farm labor contractors 2,890 11.26 23,430 8.54
Agricultural inspectors 12,020 16.18 33,660 15.07
Animal breeders 1,530 16.14 33,570 14.23
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 47,290 8.69 18,080 8.04
Agricultural equipment operators 18,490 9.71 20,190 9.05
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 231,120 8.23 17,110 7.85
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 44,810 9.17 19,070 8.42
Agricultural workers, all other 9,300 10.95 22,780 10.10
Fishers and related fishing workers 890 14.99 31,170 13.57
Forest and conservation workers 8,980 11.32 23,560 9.59
Fallers 9,780 14.97 31,150 13.50
Logging equipment operators 27,650 14.07 29,260 13.67
Log graders and scalers 4,570 13.60 28,280 12.82
Logging workers, all other (4) 14.24 29,630 14.46
Construction and extraction occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 549,130 26.31 54,720 24.51
Boilermakers 17,640 22.91 47,640 22.50
Brickmasons and blockmasons 114,400 20.56 42,770 20.14
Stonemasons 15,450 17.92 37,280 16.70
Carpenters 913,130 18.39 38,250 16.90
Carpet installers 40,400 17.64 36,690 16.05
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 15,230 17.90 37,240 16.05
Floor sanders and finishers 6,060 14.13 29,400 12.71
Tile and marble setters 45,030 18.67 38,840 17.39
Cement masons and concrete finishers 195,020 16.38 34,070 15.06
Terrazzo workers and finishers 6,960 15.67 32,590 13.89
Construction laborers 892,940 13.91 28,920 12.14
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 62,400 16.11 33,500 14.53
Pile-driver operators 4,550 22.85 47,530 21.60
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 369,280 18.69 38,870 17.07
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 122,240 18.00 37,430 16.67
Tapers 37,930 19.47 40,500 18.81
Electricians 621,050 21.73 45,200 20.30
Glaziers 45,930 17.42 36,240 15.63
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 36,630 16.86 35,060 15.16
Insulation workers, mechanical 19,440 18.47 38,420 16.36
Painters, construction and maintenance 248,900 16.05 33,380 14.67
Paperhangers 7,330 17.01 35,380 15.70
Pipelayers 54,120 15.45 32,130 13.68
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 423,280 21.40 44,510 20.13
Plasterers and stucco masons 50,810 17.13 35,640 15.88
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 31,000 18.98 39,470 16.61
Roofers 117,360 16.36 34,040 15.05
Sheet metal workers 181,720 18.78 39,070 17.29
Structural iron and steel workers 71,310 21.55 44,820 20.39
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters 59,790 13.23 27,520 11.93
Helpers--carpenters 108,870 11.01 22,890 10.45
Helpers--electricians 90,080 11.99 24,940 11.34
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons 22,150 10.85 22,570 10.10
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 74,480 11.71 24,350 10.91
Helpers--roofers 22,000 10.45 21,730 9.90
Helpers, construction trades, all other 38,880 11.17 23,240 10.08
Construction and building inspectors 86,240 22.05 45,870 21.12
Elevator installers and repairers 20,810 28.20 58,660 28.49
Fence erectors 22,570 12.57 26,140 11.70
Hazardous materials removal workers 38,920 17.47 36,330 15.87
Highway maintenance workers 139,740 14.73 30,640 14.41
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 11,940 18.70 38,900 19.03
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 16,960 15.27 31,770 14.48
Segmental pavers 430 13.53 28,140 11.87
Construction and related workers, all other 70,820 13.74 28,580 12.65
Derrick operators, oil and gas 13,480 17.14 35,640 16.25
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas 13,840 18.92 39,350 17.24
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 17,290 16.76 34,860 14.87
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 18,090 17.34 36,060 16.14
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 5,150 18.58 38,640 17.69
Continuous mining machine operators 8,630 17.92 37,280 18.03
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators 4,910 18.10 37,650 18.30
Mining machine operators, all other 2,430 17.57 36,540 16.94
Rock splitters, quarry 3,370 13.66 28,400 12.87
Roof bolters, mining 4,140 18.56 38,610 18.64
Roustabouts, oil and gas 35,120 12.48 25,960 11.63
Helpers--extraction workers 25,500 13.37 27,820 12.77
Extraction workers, all other 9,860 17.21 35,800 16.05
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers 455,560 25.69 53,430 24.52
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 139,970 17.85 37,120 17.15
Radio mechanics 6,030 18.31 38,080 17.67
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 198,450 23.46 48,790 24.17
Avionics technicians 22,540 22.11 45,990 21.99
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 19,880 16.39 34,090 15.84
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 19,920 20.12 41,860 19.94
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 69,320 20.91 43,500 20.76
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 21,140 26.09 54,270 26.22
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 16,840 14.48 30,110 12.96
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 33,200 14.45 30,060 13.47
Security and fire alarm systems installers 46,340 17.38 36,140 16.66
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 114,240 23.03 47,910 22.07
Automotive body and related repairers 160,850 18.16 37,780 16.73
Automotive glass installers and repairers 16,810 14.28 29,710 13.82
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 662,840 16.71 34,760 15.68
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 248,890 17.80 37,020 17.38
Farm equipment mechanics 29,030 13.87 28,860 13.54
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 114,920 18.94 39,400 18.57
Rail car repairers 22,520 20.27 42,150 20.55
Motorboat mechanics 18,220 15.67 32,580 15.25
Motorcycle mechanics 16,270 14.93 31,050 13.98
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 24,160 12.89 26,800 12.30
Bicycle repairers 7,480 9.93 20,660 9.76
Recreational vehicle service technicians 12,810 14.97 31,150 14.03
Tire repairers and changers 85,930 10.56 21,960 9.99
Mechanical door repairers 12,920 16.41 34,130 15.17
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 37,430 20.97 43,620 21.20
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 232,050 18.47 38,410 17.63
Home appliance repairers 40,480 16.12 33,530 15.57
Industrial machinery mechanics 223,700 19.50 40,560 18.90
Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,291,030 15.52 32,290 14.87
Maintenance workers, machinery 85,890 16.64 34,620 15.92
Millwrights 56,280 21.87 45,490 21.24
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons 3,090 19.29 40,120 19.05
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 103,160 23.35 48,570 23.89
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 148,740 20.46 42,560 20.46
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 3,440 16.48 34,270 15.88
Medical equipment repairers 24,670 19.39 40,330 18.55
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 4,910 15.39 32,000 13.72
Watch repairers 3,290 15.69 32,630 14.24
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 12,610 21.91 45,580 21.45
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 38,840 13.92 28,950 13.47
Commercial divers 1,840 19.93 41,460 17.89
Fabric menders, except garment 2,070 16.02 33,320 16.51
Locksmiths and safe repairers 15,220 15.49 32,210 14.70
Manufactured building and mobile home installers 11,320 11.87 24,680 11.41
Riggers 12,830 17.81 37,050 17.27
Signal and track switch repairers 6,910 22.61 47,020 22.64
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 160,020 11.14 23,180 10.22
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 129,840 17.25 35,870 16.21
Production occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 685,510 23.21 48,290 21.74
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 23,570 20.19 41,990 20.87
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 24,440 12.64 26,290 12.25
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 207,050 12.88 26,780 11.94
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 53,010 13.44 27,960 12.87
Engine and other machine assemblers 49,000 17.43 36,250 16.97
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 91,150 14.99 31,180 14.44
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 29,470 12.52 26,040 12.01
Team assemblers 1,237,700 12.40 25,780 11.46
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators 2,870 14.60 30,380 13.65
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 250,200 14.09 29,300 12.10
Bakers 142,940 11.06 23,010 10.34
Butchers and meat cutters 128,700 13.26 27,570 12.66
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 137,240 9.77 20,320 9.36
Slaughterers and meat packers 134,570 10.18 21,170 10.03
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 18,330 12.15 25,270 11.38
Food batchmakers 86,810 11.49 23,890 10.73
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 42,570 10.85 22,580 10.17
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic 130,600 15.31 31,830 14.81
Numerical tool and process control programmers 16,840 20.83 43,320 19.79
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 90,060 13.64 28,370 13.22
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 35,850 14.18 29,500 13.42
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 39,150 14.88 30,950 14.43
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 257,500 13.10 27,240 12.48
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plast 42,830 14.78 30,730 13.78
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 100,640 14.18 29,500 13.25
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 71,480 15.82 32,910 15.28
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 29,820 15.46 32,150 15.14
Machinists 364,130 16.83 35,000 16.39
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 16,780 16.27 33,850 15.82
Pourers and casters, metal 14,120 14.76 30,690 13.94
Model makers, metal and plastic 7,990 21.88 45,510 21.52
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 7,010 18.71 38,920 18.06
Foundry mold and coremakers 16,570 14.59 30,350 13.66
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 157,310 12.74 26,490 11.88
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 99,030 15.13 31,460 14.32
Tool and die makers 99,420 21.46 44,640 20.84
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 351,710 15.49 32,220 14.81
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders 44,670 15.75 32,760 14.76
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 26,380 14.81 30,810 14.30
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 11,110 16.37 34,060 15.79
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 39,630 13.69 28,480 12.91
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 19,930 15.30 31,820 14.63
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 49,700 17.83 37,090 16.80
Bindery workers 69,320 12.63 26,270 11.57
Bookbinders 7,610 14.41 29,980 13.79
Job printers 52,250 16.15 33,600 15.26
Prepress technicians and workers 73,120 16.34 33,990 15.61
Printing machine operators 186,340 15.43 32,100 14.63
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 215,910 8.80 18,290 8.34
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 79,500 8.64 17,980 8.36
Sewing machine operators 244,300 9.34 19,430 8.67
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 8,000 9.88 20,540 9.51
Shoe machine operators and tenders 4,550 10.10 21,000 9.73
Sewers, hand 11,870 10.25 21,330 9.22
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 27,490 11.92 24,800 11.06
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders 22,270 11.07 23,020 10.76
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 22,790 10.77 22,400 10.22
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 44,880 11.44 23,800 11.46
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 50,380 11.18 23,260 10.90
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers 24,200 13.84 28,790 13.50
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 10,070 17.27 35,930 14.70
Upholsterers 40,980 13.06 27,160 12.33
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 23,420 11.19 23,280 10.70
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 118,480 13.12 27,290 12.34
Furniture finishers 25,710 12.28 25,530 11.51
Model makers, wood 2,520 15.74 32,740 13.39
Patternmakers, wood 2,070 15.79 32,850 14.44
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 59,350 11.55 24,030 11.11
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 90,900 11.58 24,090 11.04
Woodworkers, all other 10,290 11.01 22,890 10.25
Nuclear power reactor operators 4,450 31.25 65,000 31.34
Power distributors and dispatchers 8,090 28.15 58,540 27.93
Power plant operators 34,050 25.18 52,380 25.25
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 45,500 21.71 45,160 21.21
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators 93,330 17.24 35,850 16.75
Chemical plant and system operators 60,710 22.03 45,830 21.89
Gas plant operators 10,330 24.65 51,260 24.62
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers 41,050 24.07 50,070 24.54
Plant and system operators, all other 14,510 20.73 43,120 20.55
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 46,450 19.02 39,560 18.70
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
and tenders 40,730 16.83 35,000 16.37
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders 41,320 13.81 28,720 13.14
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 42,980 12.03 25,020 11.27
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 122,390 14.31 29,760 13.71
Cutters and trimmers, hand 28,320 11.49 23,890 10.50
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 76,810 13.82 28,740 13.04
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 76,900 14.09 29,300 13.25
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 28,700 15.11 31,430 14.42
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 505,100 15.17 31,560 13.76
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 26,540 14.81 30,800 13.40
Dental laboratory technicians 44,310 16.26 33,810 15.22
Medical appliance technicians 10,130 15.39 32,020 13.69
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 26,030 12.38 25,750 11.42
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 412,360 11.82 24,580 10.87
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders 99,430 13.40 27,880 12.75
Painters, transportation equipment 50,720 18.07 37,590 16.65
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 29,400 12.13 25,240 10.82
Photographic process workers 27,660 11.33 23,570 9.78
Photographic processing machine operators 54,480 10.18 21,170 9.31
Semiconductor processors 43,420 15.42 32,080 14.40
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 25,030 12.46 25,910 11.68
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 16,080 12.23 25,440 11.12
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 9,030 12.03 25,030 10.90
Etchers and engravers 8,880 13.14 27,330 11.79
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 37,690 12.14 25,250 11.25
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 108,530 15.30 31,820 14.94
Tire builders 19,060 17.47 36,340 17.70
Helpers--production workers 504,440 10.38 21,590 9.73
Production workers, all other 305,330 13.07 27,190 10.94
Transportation and material moving occupations
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 6,570 19.73 41,040 16.99
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand 173,640 19.60 40,770 18.57
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
and vehicle operators 221,560 23.71 49,310 22.02
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 78,430 (2) 134,090 (2)
Commercial pilots 22,320 (2) 64,470 (2)
Air traffic controllers 21,680 48.28 100,430 49.22
Airfield operations specialists 4,540 20.61 42,860 18.09
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 16,530 9.90 20,600 9.31
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 189,170 15.27 31,750 14.74
Bus drivers, school 475,700 11.52 23,960 11.38
Driver/sales workers 405,060 11.45 23,810 9.77
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 1,594,980 16.79 34,920 16.28
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 929,530 12.81 26,640 11.74
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 141,470 10.40 21,640 9.51
Motor vehicle operators, all other 81,570 11.43 23,780 9.89
Locomotive engineers 32,990 28.86 60,020 27.95
Locomotive firers 590 20.94 43,560 19.77
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers 6,710 18.25 37,970 17.54
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 17,890 24.64 51,250 23.79
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 34,690 27.74 57,700 26.78
Subway and streetcar operators 8,470 22.33 46,460 22.86
Rail transportation workers, all other 6,710 19.04 39,610 19.10
Sailors and marine oilers 28,280 14.84 30,870 13.75
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 26,490 25.21 52,440 23.95
Motorboat operators 2,470 16.45 34,220 15.72
Ship engineers 11,020 27.61 57,440 25.82
Bridge and lock tenders 3,440 17.06 35,480 17.81
Parking lot attendants 123,960 8.52 17,730 8.09
Service station attendants 93,420 8.93 18,570 8.33
Traffic technicians 7,330 17.97 37,380 17.54
Transportation inspectors 25,440 24.30 50,530 23.04
Transportation workers, all other 51,770 15.79 32,840 15.31
Conveyor operators and tenders 47,850 13.11 27,280 12.60
Crane and tower operators 43,690 19.28 40,100 18.46
Dredge operators 1,710 15.39 32,010 14.14
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 64,240 16.60 34,520 15.43
Loading machine operators, underground mining 2,590 16.89 35,130 16.50
Hoist and winch operators 4,150 18.20 37,860 15.72
Industrial truck and tractor operators 626,910 13.65 28,390 12.86
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 333,920 9.49 19,730 8.47
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 2,388,930 10.67 22,190 9.79
Machine feeders and offbearers 145,110 11.39 23,700 10.74
Packers and packagers, hand 860,050 9.02 18,760 8.29
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators 4,310 21.62 44,970 21.39
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 9,520 18.78 39,060 17.91
Wellhead pumpers 9,510 16.81 34,960 17.07
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 138,700 13.85 28,810 12.96
Shuttle car operators 3,110 17.81 37,030 18.15
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 15,440 16.77 34,880 15.62
Material moving workers, all other 53,190 15.54 32,330 14.49
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for
those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported
survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries
depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
4 Estimates not released.