Full text of May 2005 : Text File, USDL 06-896
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Technical Information: (202) 691-6569 USDL 06-896
http://www.bls.gov/oes/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media Contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, May 24, 2006
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, MAY 2005
Management and legal occupations were the 2 highest paying of the 22 major
occupational groups in May 2005, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor. Over 30 percent of the workers in each of
these occupational groups earned more than $43.75 per hour. (See table A.)
The major occupational group with the highest employment level in May 2005
was office and administrative support workers, followed by sales and related
workers, and food preparation and serving related workers.
These estimates for wage and salary workers are from the Occupational
Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program
between BLS and State Workforce Agencies. The OES survey provides nation-
al, state, and metropolitan area estimates of employment and wages for 22
major occupational groups and for 801 detailed occupations, as defined by
the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Table B displays
the number of detailed occupations within each major occupational group,
as well as the level and distribution of employment across the occupation-
al groups.
The major occupational groups with the lowest average wages were food
preparation and serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; building
and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and personal care and service. At
least 38 percent of workers in each of these groups earned less than $8.50
per hour.
Major occupational groups in which the employment was concentrated in
the middle wage ranges shown in table A (hourly wages from $13.50 to $27.24)
included business and financial operations occupations; community and social
services occupations; education, training, and library occupations; health-
care practitioner and technical occupations; construction and extraction oc-
cupations; and installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.
Employment and Wages for Detailed Occupations
The detailed occupations with the largest number of employees were sales
related. Retail salespersons and cashiers accounted for about 4.3 and
3.5 million workers, respectively. Other occupations with more than 2 million
workers were general office clerks; registered nurses; laborers and freight,
stock, and material movers, hand; combined food preparation and serving
workers,including fast food; waiters and waitresses; janitors and cleaners,
except maids and housekeeping cleaners; and customer service representatives.
Among these large occupations, registered nurses had the highest average hour-
ly earnings--$27.35. For the other large occupations, average hourly earnings
ranged from $7.48 for combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food, to $14.27 for customer service representatives. (See table 1.)
- 2 -
Table A. Distribution of workers in each major occupational group by wage range,
May 2005
(Percent distribution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Wage range
Major |--------------------------------------------------------------
occupational |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50| Over
group |$8.50| to | to | to | to | to | to | to |$43.74
| |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......| 1.0| 0.8| 2.0| 4.3| 7.8| 12.6| 15.8| 18.0| 37.8
Business and | | | | | | | | |
financial | | | | | | | | |
operations.....| 1.4| 1.8| 4.6| 10.9| 18.4| 21.6| 18.3| 12.4| 10.5
Computer and | | | | | | | | |
mathematical | | | | | | | | |
science........| .4| 1.2| 2.9| 6.3| 11.4| 17.4| 21.3| 20.7| 18.2
Architecture and | | | | | | | | |
engineering....| .4| 1.4| 3.4| 7.1| 12.7| 19.7| 21.3| 18.8| 15.3
Life, physical, | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
science .......| 1.1| 2.9| 6.5| 12.0| 16.8| 18.6| 16.7| 12.6| 13.0
Community and | | | | | | | | |
social | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 5.2| 9.6| 16.5| 21.7| 19.7| 15.0| 8.2| 3.1| 1.1
Legal............| 1.1| 2.0| 4.6| 9.4| 13.4| 14.4| 11.5| 10.9| 32.6
Education, train-| | | | | | | | |
ing, and li- | | | | | | | | |
brary..........| 9.4| 8.6| 9.7| 13.9| 18.7| 17.1| 12.1| 6.1| 4.4
Arts, design, | | | | | | | | |
entertainment, | | | | | | | | |
sports, and | | | | | | | | |
media..........| 11.2| 9.5| 11.4| 15.2| 16.0| 13.8| 9.8| 6.6| 6.5
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
practitioner | | | | | | | | |
and technical..| 1.8| 4.2| 7.1| 10.9| 17.3| 21.0| 16.4| 9.0| 12.3
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
support........| 20.6| 30.8| 24.9| 15.1| 6.2| 1.7| .4| .1| -
Protective | | | | | | | | |
service........| 14.4| 14.9| 14.1| 15.0| 13.8| 13.4| 8.9| 4.0| 1.4
Food preparation | | | | | | | | |
and serving | | | | | | | | |
related........| 63.9| 18.8| 9.6| 4.6| 2.1| .7| .2| .1| -
Building and | | | | | | | | |
grounds clean- | | | | | | | | |
ing and | | | | | | | | |
maintenance....| 38.1| 25.9| 17.2| 10.4| 5.7| 2.0| .5| .1| -
Personal care | | | | | | | | |
and service....| 45.0| 23.9| 12.9| 8.0| 4.9| 2.6| 1.4| .6| .6
Sales and | | | | | | | | |
related........| 33.7| 17.1| 11.6| 9.7| 8.4| 6.8| 4.7| 3.4| 4.6
Office and | | | | | | | | |
administrative | | | | | | | | |
support........| 12.8| 18.3| 22.2| 20.6| 14.6| 8.2| 2.3| .7| .3
Farming, fishing,| | | | | | | | |
and forestry...| 52.3| 19.8| 11.3| 8.1| 4.9| 2.4| .9| .3| -
Construction and | | | | | | | | |
extraction.....| 5.3| 11.4| 16.2| 19.0| 18.4| 15.1| 9.7| 3.8| 1.2
Installation, | | | | | | | | |
maintenance, | | | | | | | | |
and repair.....| 5.7| 9.7| 14.2| 19.1| 21.3| 17.7| 8.8| 2.7| .7
Production.......| 15.0| 18.9| 20.3| 18.8| 13.4| 8.7| 3.4| 1.0| .3
Transportation | | | | | | | | |
and material | | | | | | | | |
moving.........| 22.9| 19.1| 18.4| 16.0| 12.2| 6.9| 2.5| .9| 1.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
- 3 -
Specialist physicians and dentists accounted for 12 of the 14 highest-
paying detailed occupations in May 2005. The average hourly wages for
these healthcare occupations ranged from $85.43 for surgeons to $64.27 for
general dentists. Food preparation and serving related workers accounted
for several of the lowest-paying occupations. The lowest-paying occupation
was fast food cooks; workers in that occupation earned $7.45 per hour.
Table 1 shows national cross-industry employment and wage estimates for
detailed occupations within each major occupational group. The OES program
also provides national occupational employment and wage data by detailed
industry, and cross-industry estimates for all states, 375 metropolitan sta-
tistical areas, and 34 metropolitan divisions. Employment and wage data for
states and metropolitan areas for May 2005 are now available on http://www.
bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm. National data for over 300 industries are
available on http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm. The OES survey is
based on information on over 84 million workers, collected in six semiannual
panels from a sample of 1.2 million business establishments.
For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and Unemploy-
ment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics, Room 2135,
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212; telephone: 202-691-6569;
e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table B. Number of detailed occupations in each major occupational
group and group employment distribution, May 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Occupations | Employment
Major occupational group |------------------|--------------------
| | Percent | |Percent
| Number | of total| Number |of total
----------------------------|--------|---------|-----------|--------
| | | |
Total..................| 801 | 100.0 |130,307,850| 100.0
| | | |
Management..................| 34 | 4.2 | 5,960,560| 4.6
Business and financial | | | |
operations................| 30 | 3.7 | 5,410,410| 4.2
Computer and mathematical | | | |
science...................| 16 | 2.0 | 2,952,740| 2.3
Architecture and | | | |
engineering...............| 35 | 4.4 | 2,382,480| 1.8
Life, physical, and social | | | |
science...................| 44 | 5.5 | 1,185,730| .9
Community and social | | | |
services..................| 17 | 2.1 | 1,692,950| 1.3
Legal ......................| 9 | 1.1 | 986,740| .8
Education, training, and | | | |
library...................| 61 | 7.6 | 8,078,500| 6.2
Arts, design, entertainment,| | | |
sports, and media.........| 41 | 5.1 | 1,683,310| 1.3
Healthcare practitioner and | | | |
technical.................| 53 | 6.6 | 6,547,350| 5.0
Healthcare support..........| 15 | 1.9 | 3,363,800| 2.6
Protective service .........| 21 | 2.6 | 3,056,660| 2.3
Food preparation and serving| | | |
related...................| 18 | 2.2 | 10,797,700| 8.3
Building and grounds | | | |
cleaning and maintenance..| 10 | 1.2 | 4,342,550| 3.3
Personal care and service...| 34 | 4.2 | 3,188,850| 2.4
Sales and related...........| 22 | 2.7 | 13,930,320| 10.7
Office and administrative | | | |
support...................| 55 | 6.9 | 22,784,330| 17.5
Farming, fishing, and | | | |
forestry..................| 16 | 2.0 | 443,070| .3
Construction and extraction.| 59 | 7.4 | 6,370,400| 4.9
Installation, maintenance, | | | |
and repair................| 51 | 6.4 | 5,305,260| 4.1
Production..................| 110 | 13.7 | 10,249,220| 7.9
Transportation and | | | |
material moving ..........| 50 | 6.2 | 9,594,920| 7.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------
- 4 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Change in Publication Schedule of Occupational Employment Statistics | |
| |
| Due to budget constraints in the Occupational Employment Statistics |
| (OES) program, BLS will return to publishing OES data only once a year be- |
| ginning with this release of May 2005 estimates. The next set of OES data |
| to be released will be data for May 2006, which will be released in the |
| spring of 2007. |
| |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Introduction of New Metropolitan Area Definitions |
| |
| With the issuance of data for May 2005, the OES program has incorporated|
| redefined metropolitan area definitions as designated by the Office of Man- |
| agement and Budget. OES data are available for 375 metropolitan statistical|
| areas and 34 metropolitan divisions. A listing of the areas and their def- |
| initions can be found at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 5 -
Technical Note
Scope of the Survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage
and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States.
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their
data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to
approximately 200,000 establishments in May and November of each year
for a 3-year period. The nationwide response rate for the May 2005 sur-
vey was 78.4 percent based on establishments and 73.2 percent based on
employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May 2005,
November 2004, May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semi-
annual panels.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Clas-
sification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. To-
gether, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm.
- 6 -
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government. The U.S. Postal Service and the
executive branch of the federal government also are included. An establish-
ment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services,
such as a factory, mine, or store. The establishment is generally at a sin-
gle physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activ-
ity.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS
produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation,
states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry-specific esti-
mates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-
digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national esti-
mates; the SWAs release industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA
levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from
reports submitted by employers to the UI program. Supplemental sources are
used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan areas and industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May
2005 were stratified using MSA definitions based on the 1990 Metropolitan
Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the May 2005 panel, the sample
was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000 Metropolitan
Statistical Area standards.
A census of federal government and the U.S. Postal Service is taken every
panel. A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is taken
every November panel. In order to provide the most occupational coverage,
larger employers are more likely to be selected than smaller employers. The
unweighted employment of sampled establishments make up approximately 65 per-
cent of total national employment.
- 7 -
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary em-
ployment in an occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-
or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types
of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their pay-
check.
The OES survey form sent to establishments with more than 10 workers con-
tains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled
establishment's industry classification. To reduce paperwork and respondent
burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for speci-
fic occupations are collected primarily from establishments in industries
that are the predominant employers of workers in those occupations. Each
survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed
occupational information for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlist-
ed occupations can be added to the survey form. Employers with 10 or fewer
workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill
in the occupations for their workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, haz-
ardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses,
tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay,
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range. The wage intervals
used for the May 2005 survey are as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------
|
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------
- 8 -
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and
over, was computed separately for NCS data from 2004, 2003, and 2002.
The average of these mean wage rates was used for all of the $70.00 and
over data in the May 2005 survey. The wage rates for this interval do
not go through any wage updating procedures.
Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more. This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual
wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by
multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than
full time, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and
reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers,
flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work
the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported.
Other workers, such as entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but gen-
erally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly
wage is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report
the hourly rate for part-time workers.
- 9 -
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The
OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years)
of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows
the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry,
and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained
by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas
and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However,
wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey
data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data.
The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate,
as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its
broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupa-
tional division.
Imputation. About 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a given
panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute
missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used
to impute missing wage distributions. The variant of mean imputation for wage
distributions also is applied to establishments that provide reports with occu-
pational totals but partial or missing wage data.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each panel are
weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope frame
from which the panel was selected. Based on the sampled establishments, sam-
pling weights are adjusted when six panels are combined. Sampling weights
are further adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of Novem-
ber 2004 and May 2005 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey.
May 2005 OES survey estimates. The May 2005 OES survey estimates are based
on all data collected form establishments in the May 2005, November 2004, May
2004, November 2003, May 2003, and November 2002 semiannual samples.
- 10 -
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling
error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (that is, a sample)
of the population instead of the full population. When a sample of the popu-
lation is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the charac-
teristic of interest may differ from the population value of that characteris-
tic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will
vary depending on the sample selected. This variability can be estimated by
calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to
repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same
survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding
and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the popula-
tion value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals. The
OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of a
sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined
as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This
statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment and
mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using
a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean
wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance components model that accounts
for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The
variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the
BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many estab-
lishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the
distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confi-
dence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2005
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
Management occupations
Chief executives 321,300 $67.22 $139,810 $68.48
General and operations managers 1,663,810 45.90 95,470 39.17
Legislators 61,060 (2) 31,320 (2)
Advertising and promotions managers 41,710 39.06 81,250 33.10
Marketing managers 166,470 49.03 101,990 44.56
Sales managers 317,970 47.36 98,510 42.11
Public relations managers 43,770 41.26 85,820 36.75
Administrative services managers 239,410 33.44 69,540 30.78
Computer and information systems managers 259,330 49.21 102,360 46.41
Financial managers 471,950 46.45 96,620 41.48
Compensation and benefits managers 51,470 36.68 76,300 33.23
Training and development managers 28,720 38.55 80,180 35.66
Human resources managers, all other 57,830 43.24 89,950 40.47
Industrial production managers 153,950 39.41 81,960 36.34
Purchasing managers 69,300 39.16 81,440 36.67
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 84,870 36.12 75,130 33.23
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 4,070 26.81 55,760 24.60
Farmers and ranchers 350 19.09 39,720 16.41
Construction managers 192,610 39.31 81,760 34.74
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program 47,670 20.51 42,670 17.79
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 213,250 (2) 76,890 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 105,360 37.78 78,590 33.82
Education administrators, all other 24,710 33.38 69,430 30.85
Engineering managers 187,410 50.71 105,470 48.44
Food service managers 191,420 21.60 44,930 19.87
Funeral directors 21,960 27.04 56,240 22.90
Gaming managers 3,310 31.69 65,920 28.82
Lodging managers 31,040 22.80 47,420 19.53
Medical and health services managers 230,130 37.09 77,140 33.51
Natural sciences managers 40,400 47.66 99,140 44.75
Postmasters and mail superintendents 26,120 25.83 53,740 25.34
Property, real estate, and community association managers 154,230 24.31 50,570 20.14
Social and community service managers 112,910 25.92 53,920 23.80
Managers, all other 340,720 40.16 83,530 38.06
Business and financial operations occupations
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 10,640 33.68 70,060 25.87
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 12,970 25.47 52,970 22.44
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 132,900 23.58 49,050 20.61
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 267,410 25.27 52,560 23.57
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 234,030 23.66 49,210 22.21
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 12,900 23.43 48,740 23.12
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
and transportation 161,810 25.63 53,320 23.73
Cost estimators 204,330 26.91 55,980 25.01
Emergency management specialists 11,240 23.90 49,720 22.10
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 181,260 23.31 48,470 20.08
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 97,740 24.88 51,750 23.49
Training and development specialists 206,860 23.58 49,060 22.05
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other 171,880 24.27 50,480 23.29
Logisticians 52,220 30.30 63,010 28.90
Management analysts 441,000 36.06 75,000 31.91
Meeting and convention planners 40,040 21.44 44,590 19.85
Business operations specialists, all other 916,290 28.38 59,030 26.22
Accountants and auditors 1,051,220 27.89 58,020 25.10
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 63,800 23.96 49,830 20.88
Budget analysts 53,510 29.89 62,180 28.32
Credit analysts 61,500 27.94 58,110 24.22
Financial analysts 180,910 35.16 73,130 30.70
Personal financial advisors 108,640 39.89 82,970 30.53
Insurance underwriters 98,970 27.15 56,480 24.65
Financial examiners 22,160 32.74 68,090 30.33
Loan counselors 28,030 20.85 43,370 17.15
Loan officers 332,690 28.53 59,350 23.77
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 72,290 23.78 49,460 21.26
Tax preparers 58,850 14.90 31,000 12.36
Financial specialists, all other 122,320 27.47 57,130 24.64
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Computer and information scientists, research 25,890 45.21 94,030 43.86
Computer programmers 389,090 32.40 67,400 30.49
Computer software engineers, applications 455,980 38.24 79,540 37.06
Computer software engineers, systems software 320,720 40.54 84,310 39.48
Computer support specialists 499,860 20.86 43,380 19.52
Computer systems analysts 492,120 33.86 70,430 32.84
Database administrators 99,380 31.54 65,590 30.41
Network and computer systems administrators 270,330 30.39 63,210 28.81
Network systems and data communications analysts 185,190 31.23 64,970 29.69
Computer specialists, all other 116,760 30.38 63,190 28.57
Actuaries 15,770 43.63 90,760 39.25
Mathematicians 2,930 39.02 81,150 38.90
Operations research analysts 52,530 31.70 65,940 29.90
Statisticians 17,480 31.79 66,130 30.02
Mathematical technicians 1,430 22.23 46,230 17.54
Mathematical scientists, all other 7,320 29.60 61,560 29.74
Architecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval 96,740 32.96 68,560 30.22
Landscape architects 20,220 28.62 59,540 26.07
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 11,260 24.68 51,340 23.20
Surveyors 54,220 23.53 48,950 22.05
Aerospace engineers 81,100 41.08 85,450 40.43
Agricultural engineers 3,170 31.91 66,370 31.20
Biomedical engineers 11,660 36.24 75,380 34.54
Chemical engineers 27,550 38.09 79,230 37.09
Civil engineers 229,700 33.41 69,480 31.82
Computer hardware engineers 78,580 41.91 87,170 40.59
Electrical engineers 144,920 36.57 76,060 35.34
Electronics engineers, except computer 130,050 38.46 79,990 37.52
Environmental engineers 50,140 34.00 70,720 32.74
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 25,330 32.33 67,240 31.35
Industrial engineers 191,640 32.93 68,500 32.05
Marine engineers and naval architects 6,550 35.73 74,320 35.06
Materials engineers 20,950 34.32 71,390 33.49
Mechanical engineers 220,750 33.65 70,000 32.49
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 5,680 36.09 75,070 33.69
Nuclear engineers 14,290 43.60 90,690 42.45
Petroleum engineers 14,860 46.80 97,350 44.71
Engineers, all other 152,940 37.29 77,570 37.09
Architectural and civil drafters 101,040 20.24 42,110 19.42
Electrical and electronics drafters 30,270 23.27 48,410 21.90
Mechanical drafters 74,650 21.87 45,490 20.84
Drafters, all other 20,870 21.84 45,420 20.34
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 9,950 26.31 54,720 25.22
Civil engineering technicians 90,390 19.61 40,780 18.85
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 165,850 23.42 48,710 23.10
Electro-mechanical technicians 15,130 21.96 45,670 21.10
Environmental engineering technicians 19,900 20.16 41,940 19.14
Industrial engineering technicians 73,310 23.67 49,220 21.77
Mechanical engineering technicians 46,580 22.37 46,520 21.55
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 78,300 25.19 52,400 25.25
Surveying and mapping technicians 63,910 16.05 33,390 15.04
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Animal scientists 3,000 22.88 47,600 20.76
Food scientists and technologists 7,570 27.33 56,840 24.73
Soil and plant scientists 10,100 27.90 58,040 26.22
Biochemists and biophysicists 17,690 36.21 75,320 34.14
Microbiologists 15,250 30.46 63,360 27.34
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 16,440 26.58 55,280 25.02
Biological scientists, all other 26,200 30.61 63,670 28.94
Conservation scientists 15,540 26.27 54,640 25.65
Foresters 10,750 24.53 51,030 23.40
Epidemiologists 3,630 27.09 56,340 25.08
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 73,670 33.24 69,140 29.68
Life scientists, all other 12,790 31.04 64,570 27.10
Astronomers 970 48.73 101,360 50.32
Physicists 15,160 43.98 91,480 43.18
Atmospheric and space scientists 7,050 35.11 73,020 35.55
Chemists 76,540 30.51 63,470 27.83
Materials scientists 7,880 35.74 74,350 34.35
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 72,000 27.63 57,470 25.30
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 27,430 38.46 79,990 34.44
Hydrologists 8,360 32.33 67,260 30.68
Physical scientists, all other 23,800 40.57 84,380 40.05
Economists 12,470 38.90 80,900 35.43
Market research analysts 195,710 30.95 64,370 27.55
Survey researchers 21,650 18.13 37,710 14.97
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 98,820 30.75 63,960 27.49
Industrial-organizational psychologists 1,070 43.26 89,980 40.72
Psychologists, all other 6,750 35.70 74,250 35.70
Sociologists 3,500 29.66 61,700 25.37
Urban and regional planners 31,650 27.70 57,620 26.53
Anthropologists and archeologists 4,790 24.07 50,060 22.07
Geographers 810 31.07 64,620 30.56
Historians 2,850 23.86 49,620 21.35
Political scientists 5,010 40.78 84,820 40.43
Social scientists and related workers, all other 31,900 31.27 65,040 30.12
Agricultural and food science technicians 19,340 15.99 33,260 15.08
Biological technicians 67,080 17.54 36,480 16.47
Chemical technicians 59,790 19.29 40,120 18.51
Geological and petroleum technicians 11,130 23.82 49,550 21.03
Nuclear technicians 6,050 28.77 59,840 29.39
Social science research assistants 16,320 17.29 35,960 16.32
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 32,460 18.52 38,520 17.43
Forensic science technicians 11,030 22.79 47,390 21.44
Forest and conservation technicians 29,940 15.13 31,480 13.72
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 63,810 21.72 45,180 19.25
Community and social services occupations
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 72,210 16.73 34,800 15.66
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 214,160 23.33 48,530 22.33
Marriage and family therapists 18,500 21.90 45,550 20.34
Mental health counselors 87,220 18.01 37,470 16.35
Rehabilitation counselors 117,230 15.07 31,350 13.62
Counselors, all other 21,390 19.01 39,540 17.91
Child, family, and school social workers 256,430 18.65 38,780 17.00
Medical and public health social workers 112,220 20.52 42,690 19.77
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 120,140 17.75 36,920 16.54
Social workers, all other 60,940 20.54 42,720 19.85
Health educators 51,970 20.89 43,440 19.10
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 90,600 20.92 43,510 19.33
Social and human service assistants 313,210 12.79 26,600 12.03
Community and social service specialists, all other 99,860 16.85 35,060 15.83
Clergy 36,590 20.05 41,700 18.53
Directors, religious activities and education 13,610 17.09 35,540 15.64
Religious workers, all other 6,670 13.48 28,050 11.43
Legal occupations
Lawyers 529,190 53.13 110,520 47.56
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers 15,350 36.89 76,730 33.98
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 5,780 28.78 59,870 26.14
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 25,330 43.99 91,500 46.91
Paralegals and legal assistants 217,700 20.92 43,510 19.79
Court reporters 17,130 21.84 45,420 20.02
Law clerks 40,620 17.78 36,980 17.12
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 64,580 19.26 40,070 16.88
Legal support workers, all other 71,060 22.54 46,890 21.06
Education, training, and library occupations
Business teachers, postsecondary 67,420 (2) 67,500 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 38,520 (2) 60,330 (2)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 44,660 (2) 58,850 (2)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary 6,110 (2) 65,740 (2)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 34,500 (2) 78,780 (2)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary 11,460 (2) 73,680 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 59,540 (2) 77,690 (2)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary 2,990 (2) 67,550 (2)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary 8,810 (2) 70,960 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 19,520 (2) 65,400 (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 4,340 (2) 66,020 (2)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 13,310 (2) 71,020 (2)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 5,320 (2) 66,700 (2)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary 7,970 (2) 62,480 (2)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 12,670 (2) 74,600 (2)
Geography teachers, postsecondary 4,250 (2) 61,790 (2)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 13,710 (2) 65,760 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 30,240 (2) 61,980 (2)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 14,980 (2) 59,030 (2)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 6,330 (2) 66,060 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 108,680 (2) 82,450 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 37,020 (2) 56,840 (2)
Education teachers, postsecondary 51,320 (2) 54,790 (2)
Library science teachers, postsecondary 3,960 (2) 56,630 (2)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary 9,880 (2) 52,930 (2)
Law teachers, postsecondary 13,560 (2) 95,570 (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary 7,440 (2) 56,520 (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 69,260 (2) 55,340 (2)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 22,320 (2) 54,010 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 58,710 (2) 53,950 (2)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 23,830 (2) 53,400 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 20,520 (2) 59,450 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 18,340 (2) 57,960 (2)
Graduate teaching assistants 117,970 (2) 29,170 (2)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary 4,010 (2) 51,760 (2)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 16,530 (2) 48,960 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 105,980 21.69 45,110 20.07
Postsecondary teachers, all other 267,280 (2) 67,540 (2)
Preschool teachers, except special education 348,690 12.09 25,150 10.57
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 171,290 (2) 45,250 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 1,486,650 (2) 46,990 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education 637,340 (2) 47,890 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 15,380 (2) 46,080 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education 1,015,740 (2) 49,400 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 96,600 (2) 49,240 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school 214,060 (2) 47,820 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 103,480 (2) 50,340 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 136,290 (2) 50,880 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors 66,070 21.21 44,110 19.84
Self-enrichment education teachers 141,650 17.68 36,760 15.56
Teachers and instructors, all other 530,670 (2) 33,510 (2)
Archivists 5,410 19.64 40,850 17.99
Curators 8,790 23.64 49,180 21.75
Museum technicians and conservators 9,370 17.94 37,320 16.39
Librarians 146,740 23.61 49,110 22.79
Library technicians 115,770 12.95 26,940 12.33
Audio-visual collections specialists 6,910 19.76 41,100 19.36
Farm and home management advisors 12,620 22.05 45,860 20.14
Instructional coordinators 112,880 25.66 53,360 24.24
Teacher assistants 1,260,400 (2) 21,100 (2)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 72,450 16.33 33,970 14.37
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Art directors 29,350 35.48 73,790 30.75
Craft artists 4,300 13.15 27,360 10.78
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 10,390 22.44 46,670 19.85
Multi-media artists and animators 23,790 27.53 57,270 24.18
Artists and related workers, all other 5,290 17.73 36,880 15.01
Commercial and industrial designers 31,650 27.30 56,780 25.10
Fashion designers 12,980 32.39 67,370 29.26
Floral designers 63,920 10.77 22,410 10.12
Graphic designers 178,530 20.45 42,530 18.46
Interior designers 50,020 22.60 47,010 19.88
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 64,320 12.10 25,170 10.86
Set and exhibit designers 8,380 20.15 41,920 17.98
Designers, all other 12,410 22.99 47,810 20.96
Actors 59,590 23.73 (2) 13.60
Producers and directors 59,070 33.16 68,970 25.89
Athletes and sports competitors 12,230 (2) 71,900 (2)
Coaches and scouts 145,440 (2) 32,050 (2)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 12,800 (2) 27,150 (2)
Dancers 16,240 13.22 (2) 8.92
Choreographers 16,150 18.26 37,970 15.84
Music directors and composers 8,610 20.90 43,470 16.74
Musicians and singers 50,410 25.16 (2) 17.90
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 68,540 17.92 (2) 15.73
Radio and television announcers 41,090 17.11 35,600 11.60
Public address system and other announcers 8,150 14.98 31,160 11.20
Broadcast news analysts 6,680 30.73 63,920 20.58
Reporters and correspondents 52,920 19.41 40,370 15.52
Public relations specialists 191,430 24.56 51,080 21.64
Editors 96,270 24.88 51,750 21.88
Technical writers 46,250 27.75 57,720 26.52
Writers and authors 43,020 25.89 53,850 22.32
Interpreters and translators 29,240 18.41 38,300 16.73
Media and communication workers, all other 25,660 22.13 46,030 20.14
Audio and video equipment technicians 40,390 17.48 36,350 15.84
Broadcast technicians 30,730 17.00 35,350 14.62
Radio operators 1,190 18.21 37,880 17.42
Sound engineering technicians 12,680 22.98 47,790 18.46
Photographers 58,260 15.10 31,410 12.55
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 22,530 22.13 46,040 20.01
Film and video editors 15,200 26.31 54,730 22.56
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 17,200 24.81 51,610 22.95
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Chiropractors 24,290 39.45 82,060 32.31
Dentists, general 86,270 64.27 133,680 60.24
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 5,120 77.24 160,660 (3)
Orthodontists 4,820 78.56 163,410 (3)
Prosthodontists 560 70.23 146,080 (3)
Dentists, all other specialists 3,480 55.60 115,640 45.48
Dietitians and nutritionists 48,850 22.09 45,950 21.61
Optometrists 23,720 45.91 95,500 42.33
Pharmacists 229,740 42.62 88,650 43.18
Anesthesiologists 27,970 83.77 174,240 (3)
Family and general practitioners 112,150 67.49 140,370 67.50
Internists, general 48,210 75.27 156,550 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 21,910 82.60 171,810 (3)
Pediatricians, general 26,400 66.94 139,230 65.67
Psychiatrists 23,450 70.26 146,150 (3)
Surgeons 52,930 85.43 177,690 (3)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 180,210 66.79 138,910 68.98
Physician assistants 63,350 34.17 71,070 34.63
Podiatrists 8,290 53.49 111,250 48.34
Registered nurses 2,368,070 27.35 56,880 26.28
Audiologists 10,330 27.72 57,660 25.72
Occupational therapists 87,430 28.41 59,100 27.34
Physical therapists 151,280 31.42 65,350 30.33
Radiation therapists 14,120 30.59 63,620 29.97
Recreational therapists 23,260 16.90 35,150 16.10
Respiratory therapists 95,320 22.24 46,270 21.70
Speech-language pathologists 94,660 27.89 58,000 26.38
Therapists, all other 9,730 21.96 45,680 20.22
Veterinarians 47,870 37.36 77,710 33.13
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 57,880 42.13 87,630 27.64
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 155,250 23.37 48,600 22.94
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 142,330 15.95 33,170 15.24
Dental hygienists 161,140 29.15 60,620 29.28
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 43,560 19.99 41,580 19.43
Diagnostic medical sonographers 43,590 26.65 55,430 26.14
Nuclear medicine technologists 18,280 29.10 60,530 28.69
Radiologic technologists and technicians 184,580 22.60 47,010 22.09
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 196,880 13.68 28,440 12.54
Dietetic technicians 23,780 12.20 25,380 11.28
Pharmacy technicians 266,790 12.19 25,350 11.73
Psychiatric technicians 62,040 14.04 29,210 12.87
Respiratory therapy technicians 22,060 18.57 38,620 18.37
Surgical technologists 83,680 17.27 35,920 16.75
Veterinary technologists and technicians 63,860 12.84 26,710 12.34
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 710,020 17.41 36,210 16.94
Medical records and health information technicians 160,450 13.81 28,720 12.83
Opticians, dispensing 70,090 14.80 30,770 13.94
Orthotists and prosthetists 5,190 28.87 60,050 25.85
Health technologists and technicians, all other 71,140 18.04 37,520 16.49
Occupational health and safety specialists 35,460 26.83 55,800 25.82
Occupational health and safety technicians 9,510 22.17 46,120 20.75
Athletic trainers 15,110 (2) 36,520 (2)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other 50,880 19.03 39,590 16.12
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides 663,280 9.34 19,420 9.04
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 1,391,430 10.67 22,200 10.31
Psychiatric aides 56,150 11.47 23,860 11.02
Occupational therapist assistants 22,160 19.13 39,800 19.11
Occupational therapist aides 6,220 13.20 27,450 11.69
Physical therapist assistants 58,670 18.98 39,490 18.98
Physical therapist aides 41,930 11.01 22,900 10.34
Massage therapists 37,670 19.33 40,210 15.81
Dental assistants 270,720 14.41 29,970 14.19
Medical assistants 382,720 12.58 26,160 12.19
Medical equipment preparers 41,790 12.42 25,830 11.96
Medical transcriptionists 90,380 14.36 29,880 13.98
Pharmacy aides 46,610 9.76 20,310 9.09
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 69,890 9.90 20,590 9.43
Healthcare support workers, all other 184,200 13.05 27,150 12.51
Protective service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 37,530 24.37 50,700 23.35
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 91,320 32.33 67,240 31.52
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers 53,490 30.06 62,510 29.25
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other 49,330 21.95 45,650 19.78
Fire fighters 282,180 19.43 40,420 18.80
Fire inspectors and investigators 12,820 23.44 48,760 22.64
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists 1,720 18.44 38,360 16.48
Bailiffs 17,160 16.90 35,160 16.25
Correctional officers and jailers 411,080 17.60 36,600 16.39
Detectives and criminal investigators 85,270 28.24 58,750 26.82
Fish and game wardens 6,300 20.85 43,360 20.60
Parking enforcement workers 10,140 14.72 30,620 13.98
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 624,130 22.73 47,270 22.25
Transit and railroad police 5,090 24.20 50,330 23.49
Animal control workers 13,940 13.50 28,090 12.87
Private detectives and investigators 33,720 17.78 36,980 15.70
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators 8,730 13.82 28,740 12.44
Security guards 994,220 10.91 22,690 9.98
Crossing guards 69,390 10.21 21,230 9.64
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 107,620 8.67 18,020 8.13
Protective service workers, all other 141,480 15.90 33,070 14.77
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks 115,850 17.23 35,840 15.54
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers 748,550 13.44 27,960 12.53
Cooks, fast food 631,190 7.45 15,500 7.25
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 393,500 9.88 20,550 9.44
Cooks, private household 830 11.18 23,250 10.01
Cooks, restaurant 791,450 9.86 20,510 9.54
Cooks, short order 203,350 8.64 17,980 8.28
Cooks, all other 12,100 11.40 23,720 10.48
Food preparation workers 880,360 8.68 18,060 8.19
Bartenders 480,010 8.48 17,640 7.62
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 2,298,010 7.48 15,550 7.11
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 501,390 7.88 16,380 7.60
Waiters and waitresses 2,274,770 7.84 16,310 6.83
Food servers, nonrestaurant 188,750 8.98 18,680 8.28
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 391,320 7.59 15,800 7.23
Dishwashers 498,620 7.58 15,760 7.45
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 328,930 7.90 16,430 7.62
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 58,730 9.14 19,000 8.38
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers 186,870 15.66 32,570 14.58
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
groundskeeping workers 106,280 18.82 39,150 17.46
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 2,107,360 10.15 21,120 9.32
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 893,820 8.74 18,180 8.21
Building cleaning workers, all other 15,610 12.99 27,020 11.25
Pest control workers 62,400 13.89 28,880 13.06
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 896,690 10.74 22,350 9.94
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 25,770 13.22 27,500 12.56
Tree trimmers and pruners 29,790 14.35 29,850 13.42
Grounds maintenance workers, all other 17,960 11.78 24,510 10.04
Personal care and service occupations
Gaming supervisors 24,180 19.87 41,320 19.38
Slot key persons 14,700 11.65 24,230 10.64
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 125,760 16.53 34,390 15.09
Animal trainers 8,320 14.19 29,510 11.92
Nonfarm animal caretakers 100,550 9.64 20,050 8.52
Gaming dealers 82,320 7.71 16,040 6.85
Gaming and sports book writers and runners 19,290 9.58 19,930 8.87
Gaming service workers, all other 16,070 11.53 23,980 10.37
Motion picture projectionists 10,230 9.30 19,340 8.07
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 102,330 8.05 16,740 7.41
Amusement and recreation attendants 232,030 8.15 16,950 7.65
Costume attendants 3,900 13.94 28,990 12.19
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 20,340 9.02 18,760 8.63
Embalmers 9,840 19.01 39,550 17.77
Funeral attendants 30,220 10.39 21,600 9.48
Barbers 13,630 11.88 24,700 10.46
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 338,910 11.36 23,640 9.91
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 1,070 15.70 32,660 11.29
Manicurists and pedicurists 42,960 9.81 20,400 8.79
Shampooers 16,040 7.85 16,320 7.49
Skin care specialists 22,740 12.90 26,830 11.22
Baggage porters and bellhops 51,300 10.03 20,870 8.46
Concierges 16,810 12.08 25,130 11.30
Tour guides and escorts 28,320 10.42 21,670 9.61
Travel guides 3,120 15.03 31,270 14.06
Flight attendants 99,590 (2) 53,740 (2)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters 24,810 9.88 20,550 9.28
Child care workers 557,680 8.74 18,180 8.20
Personal and home care aides 566,860 8.52 17,710 8.34
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 189,220 14.93 31,060 12.43
Recreation workers 264,840 10.78 22,420 9.67
Residential advisors 50,490 11.39 23,690 10.51
Personal care and service workers, all other (4) 10.20 21,210 8.91
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,083,890 18.08 37,600 15.79
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 294,010 35.42 73,670 29.79
Cashiers 3,481,420 8.32 17,300 7.82
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers 28,590 9.92 20,630 9.64
Counter and rental clerks 473,090 10.83 22,530 9.12
Parts salespersons 235,190 13.94 28,990 12.72
Retail salespersons 4,344,770 11.14 23,170 9.20
Advertising sales agents 153,890 24.23 50,400 20.08
Insurance sales agents 299,470 27.38 56,960 20.36
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 251,710 42.30 87,990 32.28
Travel agents 88,590 14.78 30,750 13.78
Sales representatives, services, all other 439,450 26.07 54,230 22.50
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products 379,890 33.14 68,940 29.21
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products 1,436,800 26.90 55,940 22.78
Demonstrators and product promoters 86,050 11.81 24,570 9.96
Models 1,430 13.26 27,570 10.92
Real estate brokers 41,760 36.98 76,930 27.49
Real estate sales agents 150,200 25.04 52,090 18.87
Sales engineers 69,790 38.16 79,370 35.68
Telemarketers 400,860 11.30 23,500 9.79
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 10,970 12.19 25,350 9.83
Sales and related workers, all other 178,480 19.05 39,610 15.77
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 1,352,130 21.89 45,540 20.38
Switchboard operators, including answering service 194,980 11.07 23,020 10.61
Telephone operators 29,290 14.92 31,030 15.09
Communications equipment operators, all other 3,870 16.36 34,030 15.64
Bill and account collectors 431,280 14.36 29,860 13.54
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 513,020 13.87 28,860 13.36
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1,815,340 14.76 30,700 14.18
Gaming cage workers 18,730 11.28 23,460 10.76
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 205,600 15.44 32,120 15.08
Procurement clerks 71,390 15.64 32,530 15.49
Tellers 599,220 10.59 22,020 10.24
Brokerage clerks 70,110 18.34 38,140 17.04
Correspondence clerks 17,990 14.51 30,180 13.66
Court, municipal, and license clerks 102,060 15.02 31,230 14.09
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 65,410 14.90 30,990 14.10
Customer service representatives 2,067,700 14.27 29,680 13.22
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 85,550 16.53 34,390 16.22
File clerks 229,830 10.98 22,840 10.30
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 207,190 9.05 18,820 8.56
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 201,790 12.54 26,070 12.07
Library assistants, clerical 104,650 10.76 22,380 10.16
Loan interviewers and clerks 231,700 15.33 31,880 14.52
New accounts clerks 82,450 13.69 28,460 13.18
Order clerks 259,760 13.18 27,410 12.30
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 161,870 16.24 33,790 15.74
Receptionists and information clerks 1,088,400 11.12 23,120 10.65
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 160,120 14.45 30,050 13.52
All other information and record clerks 288,730 19.10 39,720 16.16
Cargo and freight agents 78,730 17.97 37,380 17.24
Couriers and messengers 106,520 10.80 22,460 10.03
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 94,060 15.03 31,270 14.45
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 172,550 16.15 33,590 15.09
Meter readers, utilities 46,920 14.92 31,030 14.09
Postal service clerks 78,710 22.51 46,820 23.23
Postal service mail carriers 347,180 21.38 44,460 22.27
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 208,600 20.01 41,620 20.88
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 287,980 18.71 38,920 18.07
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 759,910 12.80 26,620 12.10
Stock clerks and order fillers 1,625,430 10.60 22,060 9.66
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 79,050 12.99 27,030 12.17
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 1,442,040 18.18 37,810 17.29
Legal secretaries 265,000 18.78 39,070 18.15
Medical secretaries 381,020 13.65 28,390 13.13
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 1,744,380 13.35 27,780 12.82
Computer operators 129,160 16.15 33,580 15.42
Data entry keyers 296,700 11.98 24,910 11.45
Word processors and typists 153,580 14.49 30,140 13.95
Desktop publishers 29,910 16.72 34,770 15.77
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 239,120 15.24 31,700 14.49
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 148,330 11.59 24,120 10.99
Office clerks, general 2,997,370 11.82 24,580 11.09
Office machine operators, except computer 87,900 12.24 25,460 11.53
Proofreaders and copy markers 18,070 13.30 27,660 12.30
Statistical assistants 18,700 15.04 31,270 13.92
Office and administrative support workers, all other 287,270 13.50 28,070 12.52
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 19,750 18.65 38,790 17.32
Farm labor contractors 2,310 12.14 25,240 9.52
Agricultural inspectors 11,730 16.75 34,840 15.79
Animal breeders 1,860 15.23 31,690 12.90
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 45,010 8.74 18,170 8.06
Agricultural equipment operators 19,940 10.06 20,930 9.36
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 227,750 8.35 17,370 7.91
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 49,740 9.56 19,890 8.76
Agricultural workers, all other 8,970 11.60 24,140 10.61
Fishers and related fishing workers 770 13.94 29,000 12.08
Forest and conservation workers 8,700 11.19 23,280 9.46
Fallers 9,780 15.26 31,740 13.64
Logging equipment operators 26,880 14.28 29,700 13.91
Log graders and scalers 4,520 14.21 29,550 13.31
Logging workers, all other 5,330 15.04 31,290 15.24
Construction and extraction occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 555,380 26.79 55,720 24.98
Boilermakers 17,760 23.62 49,130 23.10
Brickmasons and blockmasons 115,950 20.60 42,850 20.13
Stonemasons 17,030 17.53 36,450 16.66
Carpenters 935,920 18.62 38,720 17.11
Carpet installers 37,050 17.84 37,100 16.13
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 14,520 17.92 37,270 15.87
Floor sanders and finishers 5,950 14.34 29,830 13.14
Tile and marble setters 47,410 18.81 39,130 17.56
Cement masons and concrete finishers 204,720 16.64 34,610 15.40
Terrazzo workers and finishers 5,440 16.69 34,720 15.40
Construction laborers 934,000 13.97 29,050 12.22
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 63,220 15.93 33,140 14.58
Pile-driver operators 4,410 24.27 50,490 23.51
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 378,720 18.85 39,210 17.23
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 126,810 18.07 37,580 16.70
Tapers 38,570 19.91 41,410 19.17
Electricians 606,500 21.94 45,630 20.57
Glaziers 49,310 17.75 36,920 16.12
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 34,250 16.59 34,510 15.08
Insulation workers, mechanical 22,100 19.16 39,840 17.07
Painters, construction and maintenance 249,850 16.08 33,450 14.81
Paperhangers 7,710 17.65 36,720 16.08
Pipelayers 56,280 15.53 32,290 13.83
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 420,770 21.56 44,850 20.27
Plasterers and stucco masons 47,760 17.40 36,200 16.08
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 30,270 19.32 40,190 16.78
Roofers 120,070 16.14 33,570 15.01
Sheet metal workers 174,550 19.03 39,570 17.50
Structural iron and steel workers 68,900 20.93 43,540 19.51
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters 58,690 13.14 27,340 11.83
Helpers--carpenters 101,870 11.11 23,100 10.57
Helpers--electricians 90,370 11.86 24,670 11.17
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons 21,820 10.61 22,070 9.88
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 77,630 11.84 24,630 10.97
Helpers--roofers 20,510 10.41 21,660 9.97
Helpers, construction trades, all other 37,590 11.55 24,020 10.40
Construction and building inspectors 87,820 22.51 46,830 21.50
Elevator installers and repairers 21,000 28.12 58,500 28.46
Fence erectors 22,600 12.74 26,490 11.99
Hazardous materials removal workers 38,260 17.90 37,240 16.20
Highway maintenance workers 140,600 14.88 30,950 14.54
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 13,510 18.81 39,120 19.23
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 17,940 15.38 31,980 14.64
Segmental pavers 330 12.82 26,670 12.02
Construction and related workers, all other 63,340 15.50 32,230 14.36
Derrick operators, oil and gas 13,270 17.16 35,690 16.29
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas 15,500 19.18 39,880 18.03
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 19,530 16.61 34,560 14.74
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 18,800 17.20 35,770 16.23
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 4,800 19.33 40,210 18.65
Continuous mining machine operators 9,000 18.67 38,830 18.80
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators 6,080 18.12 37,680 18.64
Mining machine operators, all other 2,450 18.26 37,970 17.37
Rock splitters, quarry 3,600 13.56 28,200 13.10
Roof bolters, mining 4,140 18.84 39,180 18.91
Roustabouts, oil and gas 33,570 12.71 26,430 11.96
Helpers--extraction workers 25,550 13.76 28,620 13.19
Extraction workers, all other 9,060 17.32 36,010 16.35
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers 455,690 26.15 54,390 24.99
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 138,210 18.10 37,640 17.34
Radio mechanics 6,170 18.78 39,070 18.25
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 198,350 23.72 49,330 24.33
Avionics technicians 22,490 22.57 46,940 22.42
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 20,070 16.77 34,880 16.09
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 20,560 20.20 42,010 19.95
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 69,620 21.32 44,350 21.21
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 21,250 26.26 54,620 26.43
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 17,650 14.94 31,080 13.19
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 35,360 14.83 30,840 13.91
Security and fire alarm systems installers 49,470 17.06 35,480 16.21
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 115,120 23.68 49,260 22.74
Automotive body and related repairers 158,160 18.23 37,920 16.74
Automotive glass installers and repairers 17,760 14.67 30,510 14.18
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 654,800 16.90 35,140 15.89
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 248,280 17.96 37,360 17.61
Farm equipment mechanics 30,800 14.17 29,480 13.81
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 117,500 19.32 40,190 18.95
Rail car repairers 24,270 20.32 42,270 20.45
Motorboat mechanics 18,190 16.31 33,920 15.76
Motorcycle mechanics 16,140 15.11 31,430 14.16
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 24,680 12.95 26,930 12.41
Bicycle repairers 7,980 10.33 21,490 10.05
Recreational vehicle service technicians 13,540 15.43 32,100 14.65
Tire repairers and changers 100,860 10.72 22,300 10.08
Mechanical door repairers 14,400 15.81 32,890 14.57
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 38,640 21.21 44,120 21.21
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 241,380 18.64 38,770 17.81
Home appliance repairers 43,110 16.38 34,060 15.86
Industrial machinery mechanics 234,650 19.74 41,060 19.11
Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,307,820 15.70 32,650 15.01
Maintenance workers, machinery 83,220 16.96 35,270 16.18
Millwrights 53,080 22.33 46,450 21.53
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons 3,250 19.74 41,070 19.35
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 106,060 23.65 49,200 24.11
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 142,560 20.66 42,970 20.39
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 3,160 17.37 36,130 16.78
Medical equipment repairers 27,940 20.04 41,680 19.02
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 4,830 15.33 31,880 13.73
Watch repairers 3,080 16.00 33,280 15.21
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 12,870 22.11 45,980 21.37
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 39,570 14.11 29,340 13.56
Commercial divers 2,310 20.15 41,910 18.25
Fabric menders, except garment 2,140 16.37 34,040 16.77
Locksmiths and safe repairers 16,080 15.67 32,600 14.85
Manufactured building and mobile home installers 10,120 12.05 25,070 11.09
Riggers 11,840 18.17 37,790 17.79
Signal and track switch repairers 6,100 23.25 48,370 23.65
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 158,520 11.17 23,230 10.21
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 135,560 17.43 36,260 16.39
Production occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 679,930 23.66 49,210 22.18
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 22,820 20.45 42,530 21.15
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 23,190 12.65 26,320 12.32
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 207,270 13.05 27,150 12.08
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 57,200 13.71 28,520 12.97
Engine and other machine assemblers 49,430 17.38 36,150 16.72
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 93,490 15.09 31,390 14.56
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 30,560 12.64 26,300 12.13
Team assemblers 1,242,370 12.50 26,000 11.60
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators 2,460 14.23 29,600 13.54
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 258,240 14.49 30,140 12.62
Bakers 144,110 11.13 23,150 10.35
Butchers and meat cutters 128,660 13.37 27,810 12.78
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 136,690 9.99 20,780 9.53
Slaughterers and meat packers 132,000 10.33 21,490 10.20
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 18,160 12.15 25,280 11.17
Food batchmakers 89,400 11.61 24,140 10.82
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 43,100 11.03 22,950 10.29
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic 136,490 15.41 32,060 14.91
Numerical tool and process control programmers 17,860 21.15 43,990 20.11
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 87,290 13.84 28,790 13.46
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 33,850 14.53 30,220 13.93
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 37,500 15.02 31,240 14.65
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 265,480 13.13 27,310 12.49
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plast 43,180 14.72 30,610 13.85
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 101,530 14.23 29,600 13.34
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 71,410 15.74 32,750 15.26
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 29,140 15.44 32,120 15.13
Machinists 368,380 17.00 35,350 16.51
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 17,960 16.26 33,820 15.83
Pourers and casters, metal 14,340 14.73 30,650 14.02
Model makers, metal and plastic 8,120 22.26 46,300 21.62
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 6,850 17.74 36,900 16.57
Foundry mold and coremakers 15,890 14.87 30,920 13.95
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 157,080 12.82 26,680 12.05
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 98,120 15.17 31,550 14.32
Tool and die makers 99,680 21.61 44,940 20.95
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 358,050 15.52 32,280 14.90
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders 45,220 15.55 32,350 14.63
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 26,310 14.97 31,130 14.57
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 10,970 16.56 34,440 16.03
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 40,550 13.67 28,420 12.86
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 18,180 15.64 32,530 15.05
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 49,650 17.97 37,380 17.06
Bindery workers 64,330 12.92 26,880 12.04
Bookbinders 7,660 14.52 30,200 14.04
Job printers 50,580 16.02 33,320 15.35
Prepress technicians and workers 72,050 16.53 34,380 15.79
Printing machine operators 192,520 15.61 32,470 14.77
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 218,360 8.87 18,450 8.38
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 78,620 8.76 18,220 8.45
Sewing machine operators 233,130 9.55 19,860 8.82
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 7,680 10.11 21,030 9.62
Shoe machine operators and tenders 3,850 10.31 21,440 9.90
Sewers, hand 11,090 10.61 22,060 9.51
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 30,150 11.79 24,530 10.95
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders 21,660 11.16 23,200 10.80
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 21,420 10.83 22,530 10.30
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 42,760 11.41 23,740 11.40
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tender 47,670 11.30 23,510 11.04
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers 23,040 14.20 29,540 13.82
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 9,650 17.62 36,660 15.07
Upholsterers 41,040 13.46 27,990 12.84
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 24,740 11.35 23,610 11.01
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 121,660 13.29 27,650 12.51
Furniture finishers 24,610 12.60 26,200 11.83
Model makers, wood 2,280 15.71 32,680 13.46
Patternmakers, wood 2,000 15.16 31,540 13.78
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 60,280 11.72 24,380 11.15
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 94,690 11.83 24,610 11.25
Woodworkers, all other 10,550 11.13 23,150 10.20
Nuclear power reactor operators 3,730 32.17 66,900 31.84
Power distributors and dispatchers 7,520 28.61 59,510 28.44
Power plant operators 33,650 25.65 53,350 25.56
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 43,110 21.94 45,640 21.44
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators 102,940 17.34 36,060 16.79
Chemical plant and system operators 58,640 22.55 46,900 22.45
Gas plant operators 10,530 25.15 52,310 24.96
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers 40,470 24.19 50,320 24.55
Plant and system operators, all other 13,920 21.50 44,730 21.57
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 50,610 19.05 39,620 18.77
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
and tenders 41,250 17.15 35,680 16.66
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders 41,480 13.89 28,900 13.21
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 44,890 12.03 25,010 11.28
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 129,440 14.52 30,200 13.89
Cutters and trimmers, hand 28,360 11.57 24,070 10.50
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 78,030 14.04 29,210 13.25
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tend 80,420 14.15 29,420 13.36
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 28,140 15.36 31,940 14.62
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 506,160 15.51 32,250 14.04
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 28,100 15.79 32,830 14.15
Dental laboratory technicians 45,600 16.47 34,260 15.50
Medical appliance technicians 10,810 15.61 32,460 13.98
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 26,740 12.81 26,640 11.89
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 396,270 11.94 24,840 11.02
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders 100,830 13.50 28,080 12.82
Painters, transportation equipment 52,650 18.14 37,720 16.75
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 27,830 12.15 25,280 10.89
Photographic process workers 28,000 12.05 25,070 10.51
Photographic processing machine operators 53,970 10.16 21,120 9.26
Semiconductor processors 44,720 15.80 32,870 14.92
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 25,650 12.45 25,900 11.78
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 15,250 12.19 25,350 10.95
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 9,640 12.16 25,290 11.13
Etchers and engravers 10,050 13.35 27,760 12.04
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 41,250 12.33 25,640 11.39
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 107,560 15.32 31,870 14.98
Tire builders 19,860 17.80 37,020 17.68
Helpers--production workers 528,610 10.45 21,730 9.80
Production workers, all other 296,340 13.49 28,070 11.36
Transportation and material moving occupations
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 6,210 19.73 41,030 16.78
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand 176,030 19.81 41,210 18.75
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
and vehicle operators 221,520 24.63 51,230 22.85
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 76,240 (2) 135,040 (2)
Commercial pilots 24,860 (2) 65,560 (2)
Air traffic controllers 21,590 50.88 105,820 51.73
Airfield operations specialists 4,510 20.30 42,230 17.95
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 18,320 9.72 20,220 9.03
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 183,450 15.37 31,960 14.91
Bus drivers, school 465,880 11.71 24,350 11.57
Driver/sales workers 400,530 11.44 23,800 9.67
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 1,624,740 17.05 35,460 16.48
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 938,280 12.99 27,020 11.92
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 144,280 10.36 21,550 9.60
Motor vehicle operators, all other 76,500 12.29 25,570 10.71
Locomotive engineers 37,390 28.96 60,230 26.69
Locomotive firers 540 20.54 42,710 18.65
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers 6,970 18.99 39,500 18.28
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 20,700 25.07 52,150 23.89
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 38,330 27.50 57,200 25.98
Subway and streetcar operators 7,430 22.43 46,660 22.84
Rail transportation workers, all other 7,500 18.32 38,100 18.74
Sailors and marine oilers 31,090 15.19 31,590 14.11
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 28,570 25.55 53,140 24.49
Motorboat operators 2,700 17.14 35,650 16.48
Ship engineers 13,240 27.54 57,290 25.38
Bridge and lock tenders 3,620 17.44 36,270 18.26
Parking lot attendants 124,250 8.64 17,970 8.14
Service station attendants 96,340 8.94 18,590 8.32
Traffic technicians 6,990 18.21 37,870 17.82
Transportation inspectors 25,570 25.59 53,230 23.79
Transportation workers, all other 54,010 15.98 33,240 15.68
Conveyor operators and tenders 49,220 13.24 27,530 12.81
Crane and tower operators 43,690 19.65 40,860 18.69
Dredge operators 1,720 16.08 33,450 14.92
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 66,030 16.64 34,610 15.57
Loading machine operators, underground mining 2,390 17.47 36,330 17.15
Hoist and winch operators 3,110 17.52 36,440 15.66
Industrial truck and tractor operators 627,060 13.86 28,830 13.02
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 333,350 9.48 19,720 8.47
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 2,363,960 10.80 22,460 9.91
Machine feeders and offbearers 145,740 11.41 23,730 10.74
Packers and packagers, hand 840,410 9.13 18,990 8.36
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators 3,950 20.91 43,500 21.07
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 9,970 18.47 38,410 17.38
Wellhead pumpers 10,190 17.86 37,150 18.12
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 133,930 14.50 30,160 13.68
Shuttle car operators 3,100 18.28 38,030 18.42
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 15,950 16.34 33,990 15.06
Material moving workers, all other 52,970 15.65 32,550 14.53
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for
those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported
survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries
depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
4 Estimates not released.