Full text of May 2004 : Text File, USDL 05-877
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Technical information: (202) 691-6569 USDL 05-877
http://www.bls.gov/oes/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, May 26, 2005
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, MAY 2004
Retail salespersons and cashiers were the two largest occupations in
the United States in May 2004, with about 4.1 and 3.4 million wage and
salary workers, respectively, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor. Other occupations with more than 2 mil-
lion workers were general office clerks; hand laborers and material movers;
registered nurses; waiters and waitresses; combined food preparation and ser-
ving workers, including fast food; janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners; and customer service representatives. Among these
large occupations, registered nurses had the highest average hourly earn-
ings--$26.06. For the other large occupations, average hourly earnings
ranged from $7.40 for combined food preparation and serving workers, includ-
ing fast food to $14.01 for customer service representatives. (See table 1.)
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations such as specialist
physicians and dentists accounted for 13 out of the 15 highest-paying
detailed occupations in May 2004. The average hourly wages for these
health-related occupations ranged from $87.31 for surgeons to $62.64 for
dentists, all other specialists. The lowest-paying occupation was fast
food cooks, who earned $7.33 per hour. Five of the six lowest-paying
occupations were related to food preparation and serving.
These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce
Agencies. The OES survey provides estimates of employment and hourly and an-
nual wages for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and
in 801 detailed occupations.
Management and legal occupational groups were the highest paying of the
22 major occupational groups. Over 30 percent of the workers in these oc-
cupational groups earned more than $43.75 per hour. (See table A.) The
major occupational group with the highest employment level in May 2004 was
office and administrative support workers, followed by sales and related
workers, food preparation and serving workers, and production workers.
The major occupational groups with the lowest average wages were food
preparation and serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; building
and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and personal care and service. At
least 40 percent of all workers in each of these groups earned less than
$8.50 per hour.
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Table A. Employment distribution by wage range and major occupational group,
May 2004
(Percent distribution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Wage range
Major |--------------------------------------------------------------
occupational |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50| Over
group |$8.50| to | to | to | to | to | to | to |$43.75
| |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......| 1.3| 1.0| 2.4| 5.0| 8.6| 13.2| 15.9| 17.4| 35.2
Business and | | | | | | | | |
financial | | | | | | | | |
operations.....| 1.6| 2.0| 5.2| 11.8| 18.9| 21.6| 17.8| 11.6| 9.5
Computer and | | | | | | | | |
mathematical...| .6| 1.2| 3.1| 6.6| 12.0| 17.8| 21.8| 20.5| 16.4
Architecture and | | | | | | | | |
engineering....| .5| 1.5| 3.9| 7.8| 13.7| 20.3| 21.1| 18.2| 13.1
Life, physical, | | | | | | | | |
and social | | | | | | | | |
science .......| 1.6| 3.5| 7.5| 12.5| 17.1| 18.5| 16.1| 12.0| 11.3
Community and | | | | | | | | |
social | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 6.4| 10.4| 17.4| 21.2| 19.3| 14.2| 7.5| 2.7| .8
Legal............| 1.1| 2.1| 5.1| 10.3| 14.1| 13.8| 11.1| 11.0| 31.3
Education, train-| | | | | | | | |
ing, and li- | | | | | | | | |
brary..........| 10.6| 8.6| 9.7| 14.4| 18.8| 17.0| 11.7| 5.4| 3.7
Arts, design, | | | | | | | | |
entertainment, | | | | | | | | |
sports, and | | | | | | | | |
media..........| 12.1| 9.8| 11.8| 14.8| 15.8| 13.8| 9.6| 6.1| 6.2
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
practitioner | | | | | | | | |
and technical..| 2.1| 4.6| 7.7| 11.9| 18.7| 21.1| 14.6| 8.1| 11.1
Healthcare | | | | | | | | |
support........| 23.2| 31.1| 24.2| 14.0| 5.5| 1.5| .4| .1| -
Protective | | | | | | | | |
service........| 15.6| 14.9| 14.6| 14.9| 13.7| 13.1| 8.3| 3.6| 1.2
Food preparation | | | | | | | | |
and serving | | | | | | | | |
related........| 65.6| 18.1| 9.2| 4.3| 1.9| .6| .2| .1| -
Building and | | | | | | | | |
grounds clean- | | | | | | | | |
ing and | | | | | | | | |
maintenance....| 40.4| 25.2| 16.7| 9.9| 5.4| 1.8| .5| .1| -
Personal care | | | | | | | | |
and service....| 47.5| 22.8| 12.2| 7.5| 4.8| 2.7| 1.3| .7| .6
Sales and | | | | | | | | |
related........| 34.5| 17.1| 11.6| 9.6| 8.3| 6.6| 4.6| 3.2| 4.5
Office and | | | | | | | | |
administrative | | | | | | | | |
support........| 13.7| 18.9| 22.7| 20.1| 14.6| 7.0| 2.1| .7| .3
Farming, fishing,| | | | | | | | |
and forestry...| 56.3| 18.0| 11.0| 7.1| 4.3| 2.1| .8| .3| .1
Construction and | | | | | | | | |
extraction.....| 6.3| 11.7| 16.5| 18.8| 17.9| 14.8| 9.5| 3.6| 1.0
Installation, | | | | | | | | |
maintenance, | | | | | | | | |
and repair.....| 6.5| 10.0| 14.6| 19.4| 21.3| 17.2| 8.1| 2.3| .7
Production.......| 16.5| 19.3| 20.3| 18.2| 12.8| 8.5| 3.1| .9| .2
Transportation | | | | | | | | |
and material | | | | | | | | |
moving.........| 25.2| 19.3| 18.1| 15.4| 11.6| 6.3| 2.2| .8| 1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Major groups in which 50 percent or more of the employment was concen-
trated in the middle three wage ranges (from $13.50 mean hourly wage to
$27.24 mean hourly wage) included business and financial operations occu-
pations; community and social services occupations; education, training,
and library occupations; healthcare practitioner and technical occupations;
construction and extraction occupations; and installation, maintenance, and
repair occupations.
Table 1 shows national cross-industry employment and wage estimates for
detailed occupations within each major group. The OES program also provides
national occupational employment and wage data by detailed industry, and
cross-industry estimates for all states and 334 metropolitan areas based on
a sample of 1.2 million establishments, collecting information on over 80
million workers in six semiannual panels. May 2004 OES data for states and
metropolitan areas and the national employment and wage data by industry
will be available on the BLS Web site in early June.
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Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and
salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their data are
not included in this release. Data are collected from panels of about
200,000 establishments each in May and November. Estimates from the pro-
gram use data collected over a 3-year (six-panel) period and are based on
a total sample of about 1.2 million establishments. The nationwide re-
sponse rate for the May 2004 survey was 78.8 percent for establishments,
covering 72.7 percent of weighted employment. The survey included estab-
lishments sampled in the May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, November 2002,
and 2001 panels, in addition to some certainty units from the 2000 sample.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Clas-
sification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. To-
gether, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc.
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The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government. Data for the United States Postal
Service and the federal government are universe counts obtained from the
Postal Service and the Office of Personnel Management, respectively. An
establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or pro-
vides services, such as a factory, mine, or store. The establishment is
generally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one
type of economic activity.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS
produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation,
states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry estimates are
produced for the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit in-
dustry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates,
and the SWAs release industry estimates at the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample. The employment benchmarks are obtained from
reports submitted by employers to the UI program. Supplemental sources are
used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by area, industry,
and size class. Size classes are defined based on number of employees in the
establishment as follows:
Size class Number of employees
____________________________________
1 1 to 4
2 5 to 9
3 10 to 19
4 20 to 49
5 50 to 99
6 100 to 249
7 250 and above
_____________________________________
A census of federal government and the post office is taken every panel.
A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is taken every
November panel. Units in rail transportation (NAICS 482) and hospitals
(NAICS 622) are sampled with certainty across a 3-year period. Establish-
ments with 250 or more employees also are sampled with virtual certainty
across a 3-year period; on average, one-sixth of these are sampled in each
panel.
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Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary em-
ployment in an occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-
or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types
of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their pay-
check.
The OES survey forms sent to larger establishments contain between 50 and
225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled establishment's in-
dustry classification. To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no survey
form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for specific occupations are
collected primarily from establishments in industries that are the predomi-
nant employers of workers in those occupations. Each survey form is struc-
tured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed occupational in-
formation for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlisted occupations
can be added to the survey form. In most cases, employers with 9 or fewer
workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill
in the occupations for their workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, haz-
ardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses,
tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay,
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range. The wage intervals
used for the May 2004 survey are as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------
|
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------
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Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and
over, was computed separately for each panel or annual sample (May 2004,
November 2003, May 2003, November 2002, and 2001). The average of these
mean wage rates was used for all of the $70.00 and over data in the May
2004 survey. The wage rates for this interval do not go through any wage
updating procedures.
Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more. This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual
wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by
multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than
full time, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and
reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers,
flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work
the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported.
Other workers, such as entertainment workers are paid hourly rates, but gen-
erally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly
wage is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report
the hourly rate for part-time workers.
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Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. While
estimates can be made with data from one panel or one year, the OES survey
is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data. The
full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows the production
of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
Combining six panels of data is also necessary to obtain the full com-
plement of certainty establishments. (Note: The first semiannual panel
was in November 2002. Prior to that, about 400,000 establishments were
surveyed annually. Each earlier sample is a two-panel equivalent.)
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained
by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas
and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However,
wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey
data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data.
The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate,
as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its
broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupa-
tional division.
Imputation. Over 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a
given panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used
to impute occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is
then used to impute a wage distribution for each occupation. The variant
of mean imputation for wage distributions is also applied to establishments
that provide reports with occupational totals but partial or missing wage
data.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each panel are
weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope
frame from which the panel was selected. Based on the sampled establish-
ments, weights are adjusted when six panels are combined. Weights are ad-
justed by benchmarking employment totals from the OES survey to employment
figures derived from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
May 2004 OES survey estimates. The May 2004 OES survey estimates are
based on all data collected from establishments in the May 2004, November
2003, May 2003, November 2002, and 2001 samples, in addition to some
certainty units from the 2000 sample. During estimates processing, OES
employment data were benchmarked to the average employment for May 2004
and November 2003 from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
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Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling
error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (i.e., sample) of
the population instead of the full population. When a sample of the
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the
characteristic of interest may differ from the population value of that
characteristic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population
value will vary depending on the sample selected. This variability can be
estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate.
If we were to repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times
using the same survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals
created by adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would
include the population value. These intervals are called 90-percent
confidence intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative
standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure
sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample estimate divided
by the sample estimate itself. This statistic provides the user with a
measure of the relative precision of the sample estimate. RSEs are cal-
culated for both occupational employment and mean wage rate estimates.
Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group
replication technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are cal-
culated using a variance components model that accounts for both the ob-
served and unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of the
unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the BLS National
Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many establishments
have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the
distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting
confidence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.
Additional information
The May 2004 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in
table 1, will be available soon on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes.
Users also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages. The
May 2004 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be avail-
able on the BLS Web site in early June 2005. Industry staffing patterns at
the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels also will be available
from the Internet beginning in early June 2005. These data will include in-
dustry-specific occupational employment and wage data.
For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics,
Room 2135, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone
202-691-6569 (e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2004
Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Occupation Hourly Annual(1) wages
Management occupations
Chief executives 346,590 $67.27 $139,920 $67.47
General and operations managers 1,752,910 44.24 92,010 37.22
Legislators 63,440 (2) 30,750 (2)
Advertising and promotions managers 57,100 36.76 76,460 30.58
Marketing managers 177,550 46.48 96,680 42.13
Sales managers 320,240 45.68 95,010 40.49
Public relations managers 50,670 38.26 79,580 33.65
Administrative services managers 254,610 31.98 66,530 28.99
Computer and information systems managers 267,390 47.24 98,260 44.51
Financial managers 493,360 44.04 91,610 39.37
Compensation and benefits managers 55,040 35.59 74,020 31.99
Training and development managers 35,510 35.45 73,730 32.43
Human resources managers, all other 58,770 42.11 87,580 39.33
Industrial production managers 155,980 38.06 79,170 35.09
Purchasing managers 73,480 37.51 78,020 34.83
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 88,100 34.87 72,530 32.02
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 4,810 26.51 55,140 24.38
Farmers and ranchers 540 20.78 43,230 19.44
Construction managers 185,580 37.83 78,690 33.59
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program 50,590 19.74 41,060 17.18
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 209,630 (2) 75,640 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 101,530 36.44 75,800 32.86
Education administrators, all other 22,570 32.01 66,580 28.96
Engineering managers 186,380 49.33 102,600 46.94
Food service managers 206,340 21.13 43,940 19.04
Funeral directors 23,140 25.82 53,710 22.10
Gaming managers 3,520 31.77 66,090 28.17
Lodging managers 30,860 21.18 44,060 18.11
Medical and health services managers 224,070 36.12 75,140 32.42
Natural sciences managers 40,240 46.06 95,800 42.63
Postmasters and mail superintendents 26,430 24.43 50,820 24.32
Property, real estate, and community association managers 159,980 23.44 48,760 19.22
Social and community service managers 119,280 24.39 50,740 22.50
Managers, all other 354,730 39.28 81,700 37.19
Business and financial operations occupations
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 10,860 33.42 69,520 26.48
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 14,300 24.03 49,980 21.02
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 136,930 23.29 48,450 20.30
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 257,070 24.60 51,180 22.92
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 234,950 22.74 47,310 21.26
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 12,520 22.01 45,780 21.79
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
and transportation 167,650 24.64 51,260 22.78
Cost estimators 191,080 25.90 53,870 24.01
Emergency management specialists 10,070 23.73 49,350 21.82
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 169,750 22.76 47,330 19.80
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 92,940 24.10 50,130 22.83
Training and development specialists 200,440 22.97 47,780 21.43
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other 158,930 23.67 49,240 22.85
Logisticians 52,470 28.99 60,310 27.46
Management analysts 416,340 34.97 72,730 30.51
Meeting and convention planners 34,640 20.43 42,490 19.05
Business operations specialists, all other 847,170 27.72 57,660 25.70
Accountants and auditors 995,910 27.35 56,880 24.41
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 62,270 23.73 49,350 20.86
Budget analysts 53,300 28.41 59,100 26.94
Credit analysts 67,100 26.57 55,280 22.72
Financial analysts 177,780 33.89 70,500 29.76
Personal financial advisors 94,490 39.70 82,570 30.14
Insurance underwriters 96,110 26.08 54,240 23.34
Financial examiners 23,400 31.47 65,450 29.00
Loan counselors 31,160 18.61 38,710 16.33
Loan officers 278,830 27.98 58,200 23.48
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 71,610 23.18 48,210 20.91
Tax preparers 51,950 16.50 34,330 13.33
Financial specialists, all other 119,840 26.64 55,420 23.82
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Computer and information scientists, research 24,720 42.32 88,020 40.96
Computer programmers 412,090 31.69 65,910 30.24
Computer software engineers, applications 425,890 37.18 77,330 36.05
Computer software engineers, systems software 318,020 39.50 82,160 38.34
Computer support specialists 488,540 20.97 43,620 19.44
Computer systems analysts 489,130 32.87 68,370 31.95
Database administrators 96,960 30.51 63,460 29.16
Network and computer systems administrators 259,320 29.55 61,470 27.98
Network systems and data communications analysts 169,200 30.49 63,410 29.14
Computer specialists, all other 130,420 30.31 63,030 28.60
Actuaries 16,350 42.05 87,460 36.70
Mathematicians 2,410 39.18 81,500 39.06
Operations research analysts 55,030 30.49 63,420 28.94
Statisticians 17,030 30.42 63,260 28.18
Mathematical technicians 1,720 20.99 43,650 18.49
Mathematical scientists, all other 8,500 29.67 61,710 29.98
Architecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval 94,280 31.84 66,230 28.99
Landscape architects 17,960 27.73 57,680 25.54
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 9,870 23.48 48,830 22.15
Surveyors 52,680 22.15 46,080 20.66
Aerospace engineers 73,650 38.68 80,460 38.03
Agricultural engineers 3,220 29.04 60,400 27.17
Biomedical engineers 8,650 34.04 70,800 32.54
Chemical engineers 30,320 38.49 80,050 36.91
Civil engineers 218,220 32.18 66,930 30.88
Computer hardware engineers 74,760 40.39 84,010 39.02
Electrical engineers 148,310 35.68 74,220 34.43
Electronics engineers, except computer 135,560 37.24 77,450 36.43
Environmental engineers 47,690 32.86 68,350 31.96
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 25,860 31.78 66,110 30.64
Industrial engineers 174,960 32.05 66,660 31.26
Marine engineers and naval architects 6,620 35.44 73,720 34.63
Materials engineers 21,130 33.36 69,390 32.26
Mechanical engineers 217,010 32.91 68,460 31.88
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 5,050 32.77 68,160 31.10
Nuclear engineers 17,180 42.67 88,760 40.81
Petroleum engineers 14,690 44.15 91,820 42.55
Engineers, all other 159,720 36.32 75,540 35.78
Architectural and civil drafters 101,060 19.59 40,750 18.84
Electrical and electronics drafters 34,850 22.48 46,760 20.76
Mechanical drafters 76,610 21.70 45,140 20.67
Drafters, all other 22,620 21.91 45,560 20.13
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 9,260 25.98 54,040 25.24
Civil engineering technicians 90,000 19.18 39,900 18.50
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 178,560 22.66 47,130 22.26
Electro-mechanical technicians 18,770 20.74 43,130 19.92
Environmental engineering technicians 19,840 19.55 40,660 18.53
Industrial engineering technicians 68,210 22.64 47,080 20.96
Mechanical engineering technicians 46,990 21.66 45,050 20.87
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 88,100 23.86 49,630 23.77
Surveying and mapping technicians 60,530 15.76 32,780 14.60
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Animal scientists 1,540 25.87 53,800 24.00
Food scientists and technologists 7,210 26.98 56,110 24.44
Soil and plant scientists 9,690 26.67 55,470 24.62
Biochemists and biophysicists 15,200 34.48 71,730 33.15
Microbiologists 13,880 29.45 61,250 26.37
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 15,050 25.54 53,120 24.20
Biological scientists, all other 26,180 29.03 60,370 27.05
Conservation scientists 14,290 25.72 53,500 25.23
Foresters 10,250 23.91 49,730 23.19
Epidemiologists 4,560 27.91 58,060 26.35
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 66,450 33.04 68,730 29.48
Life scientists, all other 13,870 30.63 63,710 26.65
Astronomers 680 44.99 93,580 46.79
Physicists 14,150 42.83 89,090 42.04
Atmospheric and space scientists 7,070 33.46 69,590 33.70
Chemists 79,650 29.43 61,220 26.95
Materials scientists 7,330 35.77 74,390 34.80
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 66,850 26.53 55,190 24.56
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 25,100 36.96 76,870 33.04
Hydrologists 7,290 30.82 64,100 29.57
Physical scientists, all other 25,260 39.21 81,560 38.53
Economists 12,030 38.35 79,770 34.99
Market research analysts 170,200 30.28 62,990 26.99
Survey researchers 19,480 15.39 32,010 12.74
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 96,540 29.24 60,810 26.42
Industrial-organizational psychologists 1,500 37.88 78,800 34.33
Psychologists, all other 6,480 33.53 69,740 34.57
Sociologists 3,640 30.46 63,350 27.82
Urban and regional planners 31,140 26.75 55,640 25.70
Anthropologists and archeologists 4,510 22.86 47,550 21.10
Geographers 750 28.65 59,600 28.35
Historians 2,350 23.48 48,850 21.39
Political scientists 4,370 41.24 85,770 41.71
Social scientists and related workers, all other 31,990 29.09 60,500 28.12
Agricultural and food science technicians 18,940 15.37 31,980 14.29
Biological technicians 59,710 17.04 35,450 15.97
Chemical technicians 61,700 19.04 39,600 18.35
Geological and petroleum technicians 10,420 20.85 43,360 19.35
Nuclear technicians 7,210 28.28 58,830 28.46
Social science research assistants 15,710 17.26 35,900 16.52
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 29,460 17.90 37,230 16.99
Forensic science technicians 9,230 22.83 47,490 21.16
Forest and conservation technicians 29,910 14.79 30,770 13.14
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 72,580 20.52 42,680 18.19
Community and social services occupations
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 68,880 16.50 34,310 15.45
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 220,690 22.88 47,590 21.91
Marriage and family therapists 20,710 20.21 42,040 18.74
Mental health counselors 89,300 17.31 36,000 15.85
Rehabilitation counselors 115,150 14.76 30,710 13.40
Counselors, all other 21,970 18.21 37,880 16.82
Child, family, and school social workers 250,790 18.19 37,830 16.74
Medical and public health social workers 103,180 19.92 41,440 19.27
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 108,950 17.34 36,060 16.31
Social workers, all other 60,120 19.80 41,180 18.96
Health educators 46,490 20.25 42,120 18.50
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 89,170 20.53 42,690 19.04
Social and human service assistants 331,860 12.45 25,890 11.67
Community and social service specialists, all other 89,250 16.57 34,470 15.64
Clergy 35,790 19.23 40,000 17.64
Directors, religious activities and education 12,620 16.14 33,560 14.76
Religious workers, all other 8,810 11.41 23,730 9.01
Legal occupations
Lawyers 521,130 52.30 108,790 45.64
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers 14,830 35.44 73,710 33.14
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 4,940 29.08 60,480 26.32
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 25,500 42.96 89,360 44.75
Paralegals and legal assistants 210,020 19.95 41,490 18.81
Court reporters 15,520 22.63 47,070 20.63
Law clerks 43,300 16.92 35,180 16.34
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 53,700 18.93 39,360 16.77
Legal support workers, all other 69,590 21.79 45,330 20.26
Education, training, and library occupations
Business teachers, postsecondary 68,340 (2) 65,430 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 37,260 (2) 58,140 (2)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 43,760 (2) 57,240 (2)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary 5,700 (2) 65,510 (2)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 33,520 (2) 77,070 (2)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary 10,230 (2) 67,520 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 60,260 (2) 73,220 (2)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary 2,970 (2) 67,660 (2)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary 8,660 (2) 70,300 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 18,720 (2) 63,520 (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 3,860 (2) 66,790 (2)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 12,590 (2) 69,210 (2)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 4,990 (2) 66,060 (2)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary 7,670 (2) 62,940 (2)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 12,230 (2) 73,280 (2)
Geography teachers, postsecondary 4,180 (2) 61,020 (2)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 13,230 (2) 64,950 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 29,400 (2) 60,800 (2)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 14,220 (2) 59,830 (2)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 6,310 (2) 68,460 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 105,610 (2) 76,720 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 34,360 (2) 55,770 (2)
Education teachers, postsecondary 47,710 (2) 52,850 (2)
Library science teachers, postsecondary 3,740 (2) 54,590 (2)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary 9,550 (2) 51,500 (2)
Law teachers, postsecondary 12,580 (2) 95,300 (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary 6,670 (2) 56,620 (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 63,730 (2) 52,750 (2)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 20,760 (2) 53,130 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 57,400 (2) 52,560 (2)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 22,460 (2) 51,620 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 19,190 (2) 58,490 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 17,170 (2) 56,630 (2)
Graduate teaching assistants 111,730 (2) 27,860 (2)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary 3,870 (2) 50,810 (2)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 15,470 (2) 47,360 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 112,990 21.19 44,060 19.59
Postsecondary teachers, all other 248,330 30.73 63,920 27.93
Preschool teachers, except special education 354,800 11.51 23,940 10.09
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 164,530 (2) 44,000 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 1,422,840 (2) 45,670 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education 623,400 (2) 46,510 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 16,820 (2) 46,250 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education 1,021,180 (2) 48,420 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 102,210 (2) 48,000 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school 205,960 (2) 46,420 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 98,840 (2) 48,910 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 138,470 (2) 49,620 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors 63,200 20.92 43,520 18.74
Self-enrichment education teachers 141,180 16.93 35,210 14.85
Teachers and instructors, all other 505,570 (2) 33,100 (2)
Archivists 5,190 19.05 39,630 17.54
Curators 8,590 23.04 47,920 20.97
Museum technicians and conservators 8,850 16.96 35,270 15.30
Librarians 149,680 22.88 47,590 22.07
Library technicians 113,520 12.63 26,260 11.99
Audio-visual collections specialists 8,420 17.13 35,630 15.86
Farm and home management advisors 12,620 21.62 44,960 20.00
Instructional coordinators 106,590 24.74 51,450 23.46
Teacher assistants 1,242,760 (2) 20,400 (2)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 65,150 16.29 33,890 14.29
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Art directors 26,870 35.21 73,240 30.69
Craft artists 3,890 13.33 27,720 11.31
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 9,570 20.98 43,640 18.30
Multi-media artists and animators 30,210 27.65 57,520 24.21
Artists and related workers, all other 5,370 18.02 37,490 14.72
Commercial and industrial designers 33,050 26.77 55,670 25.15
Fashion designers 12,100 30.84 64,150 26.85
Floral designers 67,710 10.51 21,860 9.83
Graphic designers 159,720 20.25 42,120 18.28
Interior designers 46,360 21.59 44,900 19.56
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 62,220 12.51 26,020 10.89
Set and exhibit designers 8,750 19.23 40,000 17.21
Designers, all other 12,650 22.27 46,320 20.31
Actors 59,000 22.48 (3) 11.28
Producers and directors 55,260 34.84 72,470 25.40
Athletes and sports competitors 12,250 (2) 86,690 (2)
Coaches and scouts 122,930 (2) 32,780 (2)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 11,440 (2) 27,850 (2)
Dancers 14,880 12.15 (3) 8.54
Choreographers 15,360 18.39 38,250 16.19
Music directors and composers 8,870 21.06 43,810 16.62
Musicians and singers 52,000 24.96 (3) 17.85
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 54,800 18.82 (3) 16.73
Radio and television announcers 41,430 15.22 31,650 10.64
Public address system and other announcers 8,180 14.08 29,290 10.56
Broadcast news analysts 6,930 27.28 56,740 17.78
Reporters and correspondents 52,550 18.58 38,650 15.06
Public relations specialists 166,210 23.80 49,510 21.07
Editors 100,790 23.65 49,190 21.10
Technical writers 45,100 27.24 56,650 25.71
Writers and authors 42,780 25.52 53,080 21.32
Interpreters and translators 25,410 17.61 36,630 16.28
Media and communication workers, all other 27,380 21.66 45,060 19.64
Audio and video equipment technicians 40,050 17.62 36,650 15.66
Broadcast technicians 29,940 16.14 33,560 13.47
Radio operators 1,670 17.06 35,490 15.73
Sound engineering technicians 11,650 21.91 45,570 18.32
Photographers 54,400 15.00 31,200 12.54
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 21,600 20.04 41,690 18.08
Film and video editors 15,800 24.37 50,690 20.96
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 18,570 22.36 46,510 19.77
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Chiropractors 21,830 42.01 87,390 33.61
Dentists, general 84,240 63.87 132,850 59.16
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 4,950 79.69 165,750 (4)
Orthodontists 6,190 72.45 150,700 (4)
Prosthodontists 730 70.04 145,670 (4)
Dentists, all other specialists 2,710 62.64 130,300 60.64
Dietitians and nutritionists 46,530 21.46 44,640 20.98
Optometrists 22,780 46.53 96,780 42.51
Pharmacists 222,960 40.56 84,370 40.82
Anesthesiologists 25,130 83.77 174,250 (4)
Family and general practitioners 106,750 66.58 138,490 65.91
Internists, general 51,180 76.06 158,200 (4)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 20,850 84.74 176,270 (4)
Pediatricians, general 26,520 68.04 141,520 65.26
Psychiatrists 22,440 72.17 150,110 (4)
Surgeons 55,800 87.31 181,610 (4)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 162,720 66.16 137,610 67.44
Physician assistants 59,470 33.07 68,780 33.37
Podiatrists 7,550 52.11 108,400 45.38
Registered nurses 2,311,970 26.06 54,210 25.16
Audiologists 9,810 26.47 55,050 24.74
Occupational therapists 83,560 27.19 56,550 26.28
Physical therapists 142,940 30.00 62,390 28.93
Radiation therapists 14,470 29.05 60,420 27.74
Recreational therapists 23,050 16.48 34,280 15.82
Respiratory therapists 91,350 21.24 44,180 20.74
Speech-language pathologists 89,260 26.71 55,550 25.20
Therapists, all other 8,090 21.45 44,620 19.32
Veterinarians 46,090 36.07 75,030 32.01
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 56,920 44.38 92,300 27.87
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 151,240 22.41 46,600 21.99
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 141,720 15.44 32,120 14.83
Dental hygienists 155,810 28.58 59,440 28.05
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 43,540 19.09 39,710 18.60
Diagnostic medical sonographers 41,280 25.78 53,620 25.24
Nuclear medicine technologists 17,520 29.43 61,210 27.14
Radiologic technologists and technicians 177,220 21.41 44,530 20.84
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 187,900 13.30 27,650 12.17
Dietetic technicians 24,630 11.89 24,730 11.05
Pharmacy technicians 255,290 11.87 24,700 11.37
Psychiatric technicians 59,010 13.43 27,940 12.28
Respiratory therapy technicians 24,190 18.00 37,440 17.67
Surgical technologists 82,280 16.72 34,770 16.35
Veterinary technologists and technicians 58,570 12.49 25,990 11.99
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 702,740 16.75 34,840 16.33
Medical records and health information technicians 155,030 13.30 27,660 12.30
Opticians, dispensing 62,350 14.37 29,880 13.44
Orthotists and prosthetists 4,930 27.47 57,130 24.17
Health technologists and technicians, all other 72,390 18.10 37,650 16.46
Occupational health and safety specialists 36,360 25.54 53,110 24.79
Occupational health and safety technicians 11,190 21.31 44,320 20.25
Athletic trainers 13,100 (2) 36,350 (2)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other 52,240 18.20 37,860 16.04
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides 596,330 9.13 18,980 8.81
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 1,384,120 10.39 21,610 10.09
Psychiatric aides 54,520 11.70 24,340 11.19
Occupational therapist assistants 20,880 18.49 38,460 18.48
Occupational therapist aides 5,240 12.51 26,030 11.13
Physical therapist assistants 57,420 18.14 37,730 18.22
Physical therapist aides 41,910 11.14 23,160 10.28
Massage therapists 32,200 17.63 36,670 15.36
Dental assistants 264,820 13.97 29,060 13.62
Medical assistants 380,340 12.21 25,400 11.83
Medical equipment preparers 40,380 12.14 25,240 11.76
Medical transcriptionists 92,740 14.01 29,150 13.64
Pharmacy aides 47,720 9.52 19,810 8.86
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 70,200 9.44 19,640 8.97
Healthcare support workers, all other 182,550 12.62 26,250 12.01
Protective service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 35,880 22.83 47,490 21.50
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 96,080 31.34 65,180 30.97
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers 54,170 29.26 60,860 28.33
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other 47,280 20.05 41,690 17.91
Fire fighters 273,630 19.06 39,640 18.43
Fire inspectors and investigators 12,500 23.03 47,890 22.28
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists 1,580 19.98 41,560 18.77
Bailiffs 17,270 16.80 34,950 16.28
Correctional officers and jailers 409,580 17.29 35,970 16.15
Detectives and criminal investigators 86,880 27.16 56,500 25.96
Fish and game wardens 7,050 23.60 49,090 20.57
Parking enforcement workers 9,990 14.37 29,890 13.64
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 616,340 22.20 46,180 21.74
Transit and railroad police 4,610 22.77 47,370 21.84
Animal control workers 13,780 13.15 27,360 12.60
Private detectives and investigators 31,220 17.47 36,330 15.44
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators 8,560 13.69 28,470 12.42
Security guards 978,570 10.61 22,070 9.77
Crossing guards 70,180 9.94 20,670 9.28
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 108,210 8.43 17,530 7.95
Protective service workers, all other 122,740 14.54 30,240 13.50
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks 116,930 16.42 34,160 14.75
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers 733,680 13.21 27,480 12.22
Cooks, fast food 652,500 7.33 15,250 7.07
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 401,110 9.55 19,860 9.10
Cooks, private household 650 10.83 22,530 9.42
Cooks, restaurant 765,670 9.73 20,230 9.39
Cooks, short order 225,740 8.46 17,590 8.11
Cooks, all other 10,780 10.87 22,600 10.09
Food preparation workers 863,700 8.47 17,620 8.03
Bartenders 463,000 8.29 17,240 7.42
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 2,140,740 7.40 15,390 7.06
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 458,610 7.78 16,170 7.53
Waiters and waitresses 2,219,850 7.66 15,930 6.75
Food servers, nonrestaurant 186,770 8.58 17,840 7.95
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 390,980 7.44 15,470 7.10
Dishwashers 497,650 7.50 15,600 7.35
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 316,400 7.82 16,260 7.52
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 62,620 8.89 18,490 8.26
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers 199,990 15.32 31,880 14.19
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
groundskeeping workers 102,380 18.38 38,230 16.99
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 2,103,490 9.91 20,620 9.04
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 880,150 8.62 17,930 8.13
Building cleaning workers, all other 13,580 10.74 22,350 10.17
Pest control workers 59,080 13.38 27,830 12.61
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 860,200 10.62 22,080 9.82
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 24,200 12.74 26,500 12.30
Tree trimmers and pruners 39,600 13.37 27,800 12.57
Grounds maintenance workers, all other 17,760 11.18 23,250 9.57
Personal care and service occupations
Gaming supervisors 25,040 19.98 41,570 19.64
Slot key persons 16,210 12.07 25,110 11.06
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 121,250 16.07 33,430 14.59
Animal trainers 8,060 12.48 25,950 10.60
Nonfarm animal caretakers 81,110 9.24 19,220 8.39
Gaming dealers 82,560 7.89 16,420 6.89
Gaming and sports book writers and runners 18,290 9.76 20,310 8.84
Gaming service workers, all other 14,860 10.85 22,570 10.01
Motion picture projectionists 10,290 9.55 19,870 8.32
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 110,420 8.07 16,780 7.30
Amusement and recreation attendants 241,110 8.00 16,630 7.47
Costume attendants 3,460 13.81 28,720 12.04
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 24,320 8.80 18,310 8.44
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 37,080 8.57 17,820 8.14
Embalmers 8,660 17.93 37,300 17.09
Funeral attendants 29,660 10.05 20,900 9.26
Barbers 15,830 12.04 25,040 10.19
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 331,260 10.95 22,770 9.52
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 1,060 15.28 31,780 11.74
Manicurists and pedicurists 38,030 9.65 20,080 8.89
Shampooers 16,180 7.51 15,610 7.03
Skin care specialists 19,650 13.20 27,450 11.55
Baggage porters and bellhops 55,910 10.46 21,760 8.54
Concierges 17,310 11.93 24,820 11.23
Tour guides and escorts 28,660 9.92 20,640 9.32
Travel guides 4,140 14.30 29,750 13.20
Flight attendants 101,980 (2) 51,160 (2)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters 27,730 9.99 20,780 9.17
Child care workers 513,110 8.57 17,830 8.06
Personal and home care aides 532,490 8.38 17,430 8.12
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 182,280 14.98 31,170 12.25
Recreation workers 266,520 10.43 21,690 9.29
Residential advisors 49,960 11.17 23,240 10.30
Personal care and service workers, all other 65,070 9.81 20,410 8.63
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,087,830 18.01 37,470 15.73
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 307,610 34.33 71,420 28.51
Cashiers 3,438,070 8.29 17,250 7.81
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers 28,830 10.04 20,890 9.87
Counter and rental clerks 444,850 10.47 21,770 8.79
Parts salespersons 236,710 13.58 28,240 12.32
Retail salespersons 4,130,470 11.03 22,930 8.98
Advertising sales agents 144,690 23.76 49,420 19.37
Insurance sales agents 285,390 26.77 55,680 20.06
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 240,500 43.77 91,040 33.27
Travel agents 90,500 14.25 29,650 13.29
Sales representatives, services, all other 352,050 25.93 53,940 22.60
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products 378,080 32.37 67,330 28.17
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products 1,385,630 25.91 53,900 21.83
Demonstrators and product promoters 93,240 12.00 24,960 9.95
Models 1,410 13.21 27,480 10.50
Real estate brokers 40,050 37.43 77,850 28.23
Real estate sales agents 126,470 23.05 47,950 17.15
Sales engineers 71,690 36.42 75,740 33.95
Telemarketers 410,360 11.29 23,490 9.82
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 15,200 13.36 27,790 10.85
Sales and related workers, all other 198,230 18.44 38,350 15.09
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 1,406,240 21.15 43,990 19.72
Switchboard operators, including answering service 206,370 10.81 22,490 10.38
Telephone operators 38,500 14.53 30,220 13.65
Communications equipment operators, all other 4,040 15.98 33,240 15.23
Bill and account collectors 445,180 13.95 29,010 13.20
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 496,780 13.50 28,070 13.00
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1,770,860 14.34 29,830 13.74
Gaming cage workers 19,710 11.09 23,070 10.74
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 205,670 15.02 31,240 14.59
Procurement clerks 71,740 15.11 31,420 14.85
Tellers 552,860 10.30 21,420 10.15
Brokerage clerks 73,910 18.15 37,750 16.94
Correspondence clerks 21,590 14.19 29,510 13.51
Court, municipal, and license clerks 103,090 14.63 30,420 13.67
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 66,010 15.15 31,520 13.97
Customer service representatives 2,021,350 14.01 29,130 12.99
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 93,250 16.25 33,800 15.92
File clerks 242,640 10.72 22,310 10.11
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 190,300 8.93 18,570 8.51
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 193,780 11.91 24,770 11.38
Library assistants, clerical 102,310 10.57 21,990 9.96
Loan interviewers and clerks 209,320 14.75 30,680 13.94
New accounts clerks 96,560 13.55 28,180 12.91
Order clerks 289,830 12.85 26,730 12.07
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 164,940 15.77 32,810 15.26
Receptionists and information clerks 1,071,230 10.91 22,690 10.50
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 159,910 14.48 30,120 13.34
All other information and record clerks 269,070 18.34 38,150 15.44
Cargo and freight agents 70,000 17.24 35,870 16.47
Couriers and messengers 111,700 10.26 21,330 9.71
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 90,930 14.58 30,330 13.91
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 165,910 16.01 33,310 14.87
Meter readers, utilities 48,830 15.03 31,260 14.15
Postal service clerks 76,870 19.82 41,230 19.69
Postal service mail carriers 344,050 20.85 43,370 21.37
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 214,400 18.12 37,690 18.96
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 285,940 18.10 37,650 17.47
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 747,270 12.43 25,850 11.73
Stock clerks and order fillers 1,561,530 10.52 21,890 9.66
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 83,570 12.92 26,880 11.81
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 1,422,610 17.69 36,790 16.81
Legal secretaries 264,070 18.40 38,280 17.65
Medical secretaries 360,850 13.42 27,900 12.76
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 1,743,560 13.06 27,160 12.55
Computer operators 140,870 15.79 32,850 14.94
Data entry keyers 313,590 11.72 24,380 11.18
Word processors and typists 168,430 14.17 29,480 13.48
Desktop publishers 32,790 16.40 34,110 15.55
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 239,250 14.70 30,580 14.06
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 149,700 11.27 23,440 10.76
Office clerks, general 2,970,660 11.62 24,170 10.95
Office machine operators, except computer 97,140 11.83 24,610 11.16
Proofreaders and copy markers 20,530 12.99 27,010 12.18
Statistical assistants 18,560 15.19 31,600 14.55
Office and administrative support workers, all other 318,430 13.16 27,380 12.22
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 19,890 18.50 38,480 17.06
Farm labor contractors 2,770 10.84 22,540 8.42
Agricultural inspectors 12,300 16.05 33,390 14.92
Animal breeders 1,530 15.74 32,730 13.55
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 50,110 8.52 17,710 7.90
Agricultural equipment operators 20,960 9.76 20,300 8.88
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 240,000 8.07 16,780 7.70
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 43,250 9.07 18,870 8.31
Agricultural workers, all other 9,500 11.06 23,010 10.15
Fishers and related fishing workers 940 14.04 29,200 11.58
Forest and conservation workers 9,140 11.34 23,590 9.51
Fallers 10,180 15.15 31,510 13.23
Logging equipment operators 27,690 13.75 28,600 13.18
Log graders and scalers 4,870 13.21 27,480 12.29
Logging workers, all other 5,680 14.06 29,240 14.29
Construction and extraction occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 542,440 25.95 53,980 24.25
Boilermakers 18,520 22.29 46,360 21.68
Brickmasons and blockmasons 107,660 20.42 42,480 20.07
Stonemasons 16,320 17.75 36,920 16.82
Carpenters 882,490 18.26 37,970 16.78
Carpet installers 40,170 17.72 36,860 16.39
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 15,800 17.13 35,640 15.68
Floor sanders and finishers 6,430 13.93 28,980 12.88
Tile and marble setters 42,930 18.28 38,020 17.02
Cement masons and concrete finishers 191,690 16.36 34,030 15.10
Terrazzo workers and finishers 6,700 15.47 32,170 13.45
Construction laborers 854,840 13.86 28,830 12.10
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 61,860 16.07 33,430 14.42
Pile-driver operators 4,450 22.46 46,720 21.29
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 357,080 18.62 38,730 17.00
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 113,350 17.71 36,830 16.36
Tapers 36,370 19.25 40,040 18.78
Electricians 582,920 21.58 44,900 20.33
Glaziers 43,140 17.63 36,680 15.70
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 37,000 16.12 33,530 14.57
Insulation workers, mechanical 17,110 17.48 36,350 16.03
Painters, construction and maintenance 249,560 15.87 33,010 14.55
Paperhangers 7,660 16.87 35,090 15.73
Pipelayers 54,470 15.40 32,040 13.68
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 424,360 21.21 44,110 19.85
Plasterers and stucco masons 54,920 16.96 35,270 15.60
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 32,660 19.32 40,190 16.90
Roofers 119,820 16.17 33,630 14.83
Sheet metal workers 184,740 18.63 38,760 17.09
Structural iron and steel workers 70,240 21.30 44,300 20.40
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters 61,680 13.40 27,860 12.00
Helpers--carpenters 106,130 10.94 22,750 10.38
Helpers--electricians 92,820 11.97 24,890 11.26
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons 26,090 10.87 22,610 9.87
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 74,820 11.50 23,930 10.75
Helpers--roofers 21,530 10.58 22,000 9.93
Helpers, construction trades, all other 38,310 10.97 22,820 9.91
Construction and building inspectors 82,690 21.86 45,460 21.00
Elevator installers and repairers 21,110 27.98 58,190 28.23
Fence erectors 23,350 12.27 25,530 11.24
Hazardous materials removal workers 38,550 17.54 36,480 16.02
Highway maintenance workers 136,550 14.61 30,390 14.21
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 10,430 17.96 37,360 18.35
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 16,670 14.73 30,640 13.88
Segmental pavers 840 13.31 27,690 11.74
Construction and related workers, all other 81,260 12.71 26,440 11.40
Derrick operators, oil and gas 13,880 16.74 34,810 16.11
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas 13,860 18.68 38,860 17.11
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 16,210 16.05 33,380 14.75
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 19,320 17.18 35,740 16.07
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 5,290 17.85 37,130 17.16
Continuous mining machine operators 8,060 17.71 36,840 17.87
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators 3,900 17.95 37,330 17.96
Mining machine operators, all other 2,710 17.17 35,710 16.45
Rock splitters, quarry 3,180 13.43 27,940 12.54
Roof bolters, mining 4,290 18.54 38,570 18.70
Roustabouts, oil and gas 32,280 12.74 26,500 11.94
Helpers--extraction workers 26,430 13.23 27,520 12.66
Extraction workers, all other 10,450 16.37 34,050 15.66
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers 459,440 25.34 52,700 24.20
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 141,350 17.59 36,580 16.90
Radio mechanics 6,340 18.30 38,070 17.65
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 202,160 23.10 48,050 23.96
Avionics technicians 22,310 21.38 44,460 21.30
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 21,910 16.11 33,520 15.54
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 17,390 19.46 40,470 19.25
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 71,300 20.63 42,910 20.48
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 20,660 25.51 53,060 25.86
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 15,490 14.24 29,610 12.79
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 32,210 14.25 29,640 13.44
Security and fire alarm systems installers 44,710 16.78 34,900 16.06
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 112,830 22.69 47,190 21.77
Automotive body and related repairers 162,820 18.10 37,650 16.68
Automotive glass installers and repairers 18,150 13.98 29,080 13.45
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 668,540 16.61 34,550 15.60
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 251,430 17.66 36,730 17.20
Farm equipment mechanics 30,770 13.74 28,580 13.40
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 112,000 18.68 38,860 18.34
Rail car repairers 18,140 19.01 39,550 19.48
Motorboat mechanics 17,680 15.16 31,530 14.74
Motorcycle mechanics 15,920 14.61 30,380 13.70
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 25,170 12.66 26,340 11.98
Bicycle repairers 7,750 9.90 20,580 9.71
Recreational vehicle service technicians 12,340 14.73 30,630 13.93
Tire repairers and changers 87,110 10.75 22,350 10.01
Mechanical door repairers 10,470 16.92 35,190 15.38
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 37,260 20.83 43,320 21.01
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 225,630 18.30 38,060 17.43
Home appliance repairers 40,300 16.00 33,280 15.47
Industrial machinery mechanics 212,770 19.28 40,090 18.78
Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,267,390 15.41 32,060 14.77
Maintenance workers, machinery 84,850 16.40 34,120 15.79
Millwrights 57,050 21.63 44,990 21.02
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons 3,570 18.76 39,020 18.09
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 101,760 22.91 47,640 23.61
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 144,080 19.55 40,660 19.39
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 3,830 16.29 33,880 15.54
Medical equipment repairers 23,750 18.72 38,930 17.90
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 5,290 14.88 30,950 13.47
Watch repairers 3,450 15.23 31,670 13.87
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 13,500 21.64 45,000 21.25
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 37,230 13.95 29,020 13.47
Commercial divers 2,230 18.66 38,820 16.94
Fabric menders, except garment 2,150 15.60 32,440 15.62
Locksmiths and safe repairers 15,540 15.30 31,830 14.60
Manufactured building and mobile home installers 12,150 11.64 24,210 11.23
Riggers 12,480 17.55 36,500 16.98
Signal and track switch repairers 7,780 21.73 45,210 21.43
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 157,310 11.18 23,250 10.25
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 137,650 17.23 35,830 16.23
Production occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 696,750 22.96 47,760 21.51
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 18,710 18.02 37,470 17.79
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 27,360 12.69 26,400 12.24
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 217,360 12.63 26,270 11.68
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 51,370 13.29 27,650 12.71
Engine and other machine assemblers 45,730 17.29 35,960 16.73
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 86,240 14.94 31,070 14.34
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 30,250 12.59 26,190 12.18
Team assemblers 1,208,270 12.36 25,720 11.42
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators 3,150 14.57 30,310 13.76
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 259,830 14.14 29,410 11.90
Bakers 150,900 10.97 22,820 10.26
Butchers and meat cutters 131,490 13.12 27,300 12.45
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 137,370 9.60 19,970 9.09
Slaughterers and meat packers 134,140 10.20 21,220 10.03
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 18,110 12.12 25,210 11.46
Food batchmakers 85,010 11.34 23,590 10.62
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 41,810 10.72 22,290 10.02
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic 124,330 15.22 31,650 14.75
Numerical tool and process control programmers 17,310 20.27 42,160 19.31
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 88,980 13.54 28,170 13.18
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 37,890 14.05 29,210 13.22
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 37,210 14.81 30,810 14.33
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 248,800 13.04 27,120 12.45
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 41,940 14.72 30,620 13.69
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 98,770 14.10 29,330 13.19
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 70,230 15.47 32,190 15.04
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 30,280 15.16 31,530 14.91
Machinists 361,280 16.73 34,790 16.33
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 17,150 16.13 33,560 15.74
Pourers and casters, metal 13,670 14.68 30,530 13.92
Model makers, metal and plastic 8,030 21.57 44,870 21.28
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 5,930 18.19 37,840 17.86
Foundry mold and coremakers 17,320 14.29 29,720 13.37
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 156,480 12.47 25,940 11.63
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 97,060 14.88 30,960 14.06
Tool and die makers 99,390 21.19 44,070 20.55
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 344,970 15.41 32,050 14.72
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders 47,210 15.39 32,020 14.32
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 25,690 14.73 30,630 14.26
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 11,240 16.23 33,750 15.65
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 38,620 13.68 28,440 12.96
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 19,750 15.10 31,410 14.52
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 53,050 17.19 35,750 16.15
Bindery workers 73,240 12.33 25,650 11.31
Bookbinders 7,160 14.58 30,320 13.71
Job printers 56,770 16.23 33,750 15.41
Prepress technicians and workers 76,190 16.08 33,450 15.30
Printing machine operators 184,230 15.26 31,740 14.38
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 218,610 8.74 18,170 8.28
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 80,520 8.62 17,920 8.33
Sewing machine operators 242,500 9.24 19,230 8.61
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 7,840 9.68 20,120 9.29
Shoe machine operators and tenders 4,530 9.85 20,500 9.44
Sewers, hand 12,430 10.20 21,210 9.13
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 27,180 11.76 24,450 10.79
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders 21,480 10.96 22,790 10.56
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 25,320 10.44 21,700 9.80
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 45,320 11.47 23,850 11.48
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 53,490 11.41 23,740 10.87
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers 23,040 13.71 28,520 13.37
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 9,340 16.23 33,760 13.85
Upholsterers 38,550 13.05 27,140 12.35
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 21,920 10.96 22,790 10.34
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 121,380 12.90 26,830 12.16
Furniture finishers 25,770 12.11 25,190 11.35
Model makers, wood 3,210 14.82 30,820 12.94
Patternmakers, wood 2,500 15.74 32,750 14.88
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 56,500 11.35 23,600 10.91
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 88,870 11.43 23,780 10.93
Woodworkers, all other 12,190 10.94 22,760 10.16
Nuclear power reactor operators 4,300 30.71 63,880 30.81
Power distributors and dispatchers 8,290 28.03 58,300 27.56
Power plant operators 33,350 25.02 52,030 25.26
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 46,870 21.66 45,060 21.22
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators 92,120 17.32 36,030 16.81
Chemical plant and system operators 59,980 21.61 44,940 21.55
Gas plant operators 10,670 24.36 50,660 24.36
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers 42,300 23.44 48,760 24.27
Plant and system operators, all other 14,930 20.14 41,900 20.10
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 48,450 18.94 39,390 18.69
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
and tenders 38,000 16.49 34,290 15.98
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders 42,600 13.70 28,490 12.96
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 44,210 12.03 25,030 11.28
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 119,320 14.06 29,240 13.51
Cutters and trimmers, hand 28,780 11.60 24,120 10.59
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 73,250 13.46 27,990 12.82
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 73,970 13.88 28,880 13.20
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 29,750 15.08 31,360 14.29
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 495,430 15.00 31,210 13.66
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 26,360 14.76 30,700 13.18
Dental laboratory technicians 44,540 16.21 33,720 14.93
Medical appliance technicians 10,080 15.19 31,600 13.38
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 25,170 12.32 25,620 11.40
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 411,660 11.59 24,110 10.67
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders 96,510 13.25 27,550 12.64
Painters, transportation equipment 49,810 18.17 37,800 16.89
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 26,990 12.01 24,970 10.95
Photographic process workers 31,610 11.07 23,010 9.63
Photographic processing machine operators 53,350 10.26 21,340 9.33
Semiconductor processors 44,440 14.46 30,070 13.85
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 24,630 12.34 25,660 11.57
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 16,860 12.15 25,270 11.18
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 8,790 12.18 25,340 10.96
Etchers and engravers 8,490 12.59 26,180 11.33
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 37,930 12.51 26,020 11.58
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 109,560 15.01 31,220 14.63
Tire builders 17,960 17.38 36,150 17.50
Helpers--production workers 480,430 10.35 21,530 9.70
Production workers, all other 299,950 13.47 28,010 11.38
Transportation and material moving occupations
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 7,460 18.90 39,310 16.40
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand 169,860 19.45 40,460 18.40
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
and vehicle operators 222,590 23.23 48,320 21.54
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 78,490 (2) 129,620 (2)
Commercial pilots 21,370 (2) 62,290 (2)
Air traffic controllers 22,260 47.94 99,710 49.05
Airfield operations specialists 4,810 20.22 42,050 17.64
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 17,410 10.17 21,140 9.49
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 183,710 15.09 31,390 14.30
Bus drivers, school 475,430 11.33 23,560 11.18
Driver/sales workers 406,910 11.36 23,620 9.66
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 1,553,370 16.63 34,580 16.11
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 938,730 12.88 26,790 11.80
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 132,650 10.34 21,510 9.41
Motor vehicle operators, all other 85,520 11.04 22,960 9.45
Locomotive engineers 31,180 26.29 54,680 24.30
Locomotive firers 620 22.23 46,230 21.56
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers 6,170 18.41 38,280 17.70
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 16,410 23.03 47,900 21.46
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 35,720 25.28 52,580 22.28
Subway and streetcar operators 8,900 22.67 47,150 23.70
Rail transportation workers, all other 7,680 19.56 40,680 19.57
Sailors and marine oilers 27,570 14.98 31,160 14.00
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 25,200 25.11 52,230 24.20
Motorboat operators 2,830 16.25 33,790 15.39
Ship engineers 10,330 27.80 57,830 26.42
Bridge and lock tenders 3,500 17.05 35,460 17.98
Parking lot attendants 120,080 8.48 17,650 8.08
Service station attendants 90,640 8.92 18,560 8.29
Traffic technicians 6,240 17.11 35,600 16.19
Transportation inspectors 24,140 24.89 51,780 24.22
Transportation workers, all other 51,850 16.11 33,510 15.47
Conveyor operators and tenders 54,380 12.85 26,720 12.23
Crane and tower operators 43,570 18.81 39,130 17.99
Dredge operators 1,730 14.43 30,010 13.47
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 67,080 16.40 34,120 15.37
Loading machine operators, underground mining 3,330 16.34 34,000 15.98
Hoist and winch operators 5,550 18.65 38,790 16.19
Industrial truck and tractor operators 631,530 13.57 28,230 12.78
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 330,520 9.33 19,400 8.41
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 2,390,910 10.53 21,910 9.67
Machine feeders and offbearers 149,500 11.31 23,530 10.68
Packers and packagers, hand 872,260 8.97 18,660 8.25
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators 4,680 21.56 44,850 21.07
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 9,810 17.79 37,000 17.04
Wellhead pumpers 10,040 16.33 33,960 16.31
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 139,920 13.37 27,810 12.38
Shuttle car operators 3,000 17.58 36,570 18.08
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 16,530 16.44 34,190 15.59
Material moving workers, all other 57,390 15.29 31,800 13.87
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from
the reported survey data.
2 Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
3 There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers, singers, and musicians.
Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is extremely rare for a performer to have guaranteed employment
for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months. Therefore only hourly wages are available for these occupations.
4 Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.