Full text of 2006 : Text File, USDL 07-0712
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Technical information: (202) 691-6569 USDL 07-0712
http://www.bls.gov/oes/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, May 17, 2007
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, 2006
The highest paying occupations in the U.S. in 2006 included physician
specialists, chief executives, dentists, airline pilots, lawyers, air
traffic controllers, and engineering managers, according to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. The lowest paying
occupations included combined food preparation and serving workers, fast
food cooks, and dishwashers. Occupations with the highest employment in-
cluded retail salespersons, cashiers, general office clerks, combined food
preparation and serving workers, and registered nurses. Employment and wage
information for all occupations is shown in table 1.
These data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) pro-
gram, which provides employment and wage estimates for wage and salary work-
ers in 22 major occupational groups and 801 detailed occupations. OES pro-
duces data by occupation for the nation, states, and metropolitan areas, and
by occupation and industry for the nation. Data are available from the OES
homepage at http://www.bls.gov/oes/.
OES data can be used to compare wages and employment for different
occupations, or to compare wages and employment for a given occupation
across industries. For instance, national mean hourly wages ranged from
$44.20 for management occupations to $8.86 for food preparation and serv-
ing related occupations. (See table 2.) Mean hourly wages for food pre-
paration and serving related occupations ranged from $13.02 for workers
employed in the mining industry to $7.85 for workers employed in the
information industry. However, these industries employed relatively
few food preparation and serving related workers: 46,110 in the infor-
mation industry and 140 in mining. By contrast, the accommodation and
food services industry employed nearly 8.8 million food preparation and
serving workers, representing 79 percent of total industry employment.
(See table 3.)
OES data also can be used to make comparisons across geographical areas.
For instance, retail salespersons earned a mean hourly wage of $14.78 in
Carson City, Nev., as compared to $8.41 in Laredo, Texas. Employment of re-
tail salespersons was higher in Laredo (3,550) than in Carson City (570).
(See table 7.)
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Major Occupational Group Employment and Wages by Industry Sector
Management was the highest paying occupational group, with a mean hourly
wage of $44.20, followed by legal occupations at $41.04. Food preparation
and serving related occupations; farming, fishing, and forestry occupations;
and building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations were among the
lowest paying occupational groups. (See table 2.)
As shown in the table, mining; utilities; manufacturing; finance and
insurance; and professional, scientific, and technical services were among
the highest paying industries for several occupational groups. Other in-
dustries were high paying for occupations directly related to their output.
For example, the healthcare and social assistance industry paid high wages
to healthcare practitioner and technical workers, but not to most other oc-
cupational groups.
Some occupational groups were widely distributed across industries. For
example, office and administrative support workers not only had the highest
total employment of any occupational group, but were found in large numbers
in many industries. Other occupations were concentrated in specific indus-
tries, where they made up a high proportion of industry employment. Of the
7.6 million workers employed in the construction sector, 67 percent were em-
ployed in construction and extraction occupations. (See table 3.) Manufac-
turing employed nearly 14.2 million workers with 53 percent employed in pro-
duction occupations. Of the 12.3 million workers in the education sector,
59 percent were in education, training, and library occupations. Finally,
the healthcare sector employed nearly 15.6 million workers with 33 percent
employed in the healthcare practitioner and technical occupations and 19 per-
cent in healthcare support occupations.
Detailed Occupational Employment and Wages by Detailed Industry
In addition to the occupational group and industry sector data previ-
ously discussed, OES data also are available for detailed occupations and
industries. For example, registered nurses, with total employment of over
2.4 million workers, was one of the largest occupations in the workforce
as a whole. In addition, with a mean hourly wage of $28.71, this was among
the highest paying large occupations. Nearly 57 percent of registered nurses
worked in general medical and surgical hospitals, where their wages averaged
$29.31 per hour. (See table 4.) Offices of physicians, nursing care facili-
ties, home health care services, and employment services (including tempo-
rary help services) were among the other major employers of registered nurses.
The highest paying of these industries was employment services with a mean
hourly wage of $31.36.
Not only were general medical and surgical hospitals the largest
employer of registered nurses, registered nurses was also the largest
occupation in this industry, representing 28 percent of industry em-
ployment. (See table 5.) Other large occupations in this industry
included nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants; licensed practical
and licensed vocational nurses; maids and housekeeping cleaners; and
radiologic technologists and technicians.
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Occupational Wages by State and Area
OES data also permit comparison of occupational employment and wages
across states and metropolitan areas. Tables 6 and 7 show the highest-
and lowest-paying states, metropolitan areas, and divisions for selected
large detailed occupations. For example, state mean hourly wages for reg-
istered nurses ranged from $36.12 in California to $22.61 in Iowa, while
wages for bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ranged from $19.11
in the District of Columbia to $11.64 in South Dakota.
In these selected occupations, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
New York, and Washington were frequently among the higher paying states,
although this varies by occupation. Alaska and Hawaii, although signifi-
cantly smaller in terms of employment than the states listed above, were
also among the highest paying states for several of the occupations. Lower
paying states for several of the selected occupations include the Dakotas,
Kentucky, Montana, West Virginia, Wyoming, and several southern states.
At the metropolitan area level, mean hourly wages for the selected oc-
cupations were about twice as much in the highest paying areas as in the
lowest paying areas. (See table 7.) For example, the areas with the high-
est mean hourly pay for registered nurses were in California: the San Jose-
Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metropolitan area ($44.42) and the Oakland-Fremont-
Hayward metropolitan division ($43.18). Among the areas with the lowest
wages paid to registered nurses were Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, Va.
($19.70) and Morristown, Tenn. ($20.16).
Additional Information
The Occupational Employment Statistics program produces occupational em-
ployment and wage estimates nationwide and for all states and 409 metro-
politan areas, and national industry-specific occupational employment and
wage estimates for sectors and 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) industries. Wage data include mean
hourly and annual wages and 10th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th, and 90th per-
centile wages. Percentile wages can be used to show the distribution of
wages within an occupation or industry. OES data are produced by a co-
operative effort between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, and are based
on a sample of 1.2 million business establishments, collected in 6
semiannual panels over a 3-year period. Complete May 2006 Occupational
Employment Statistics data are available from the OES Web site at http://
www.bls.gov/oes/.
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Technical Note
Scope of the Survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage
and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States.
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their
data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to
approximately 200,000 establishments in May and November of each year
for a 3-year period. The nationwide response rate for the May 2006 sur-
vey was 78.1 percent based on establishments and 73.4 percent based on
employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May 2006,
November 2005, May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, and November 2003 semi-
annual panels.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Clas-
sification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. To-
gether, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey. The major groups are as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
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The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government. The U.S. Postal Service and the
executive branch of the federal government also are included. An establish-
ment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services,
such as a factory, mine, or store. The establishment is generally at a sin-
gle physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activ-
ity.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS
produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation,
states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry-specific esti-
mates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-
digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national esti-
mates; the SWAs release industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA
levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from
reports submitted by employers to the UI program. Supplemental sources are
used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan areas and industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May
2005 were stratified using MSA definitions based on the 1990 Metropolitan
Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the May 2005 panel, the sample
was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000 Metropolitan
Statistical Area standards.
A census of the executive branch of the federal government and the U.S.
Postal Service is taken every panel. A census of state government and Hawaii's
local government is taken every November panel. In order to provide the most
occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be selected than smaller
employers. The unweighted employment of sampled establishments make up approxi-
mately 65 percent of total national employment.
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Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary em-
ployment in an occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-
or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types
of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their pay-
check.
The OES survey form sent to establishments with more than 10 workers con-
tains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled
establishment's industry classification. To reduce paperwork and respondent
burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Thus, data for speci-
fic occupations are collected primarily from establishments in industries
that are the predominant employers of workers in those occupations. Each
survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed
occupational information for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlist-
ed occupations can be added to the survey form. Employers with 10 or fewer
workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill
in the occupations for their workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, haz-
ardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses,
tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay,
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range. The wage intervals
used for the May 2006 survey are as follows:
May 2006 and November 2005 panels
--------------------------------------------------------
|
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $7.50 | Under $15,600
Range B | $7.50 to $9.49 | $15,600 to $19,759
Range C | $9.50 to $11.99 | $19,760 to $24,959
Range D | $12.00 to $15.24 | $24,960 to $31,719
Range E | $15.25 to $19.24 | $31,720 to $40,039
Range F | $19.25 to $24.49 | $40,040 to $50,959
Range G | $24.50 to $30.99 | $50,960 to $64,479
Range H | $31.00 to $39.24 | $64,480 to $81,639
Range I | $39.25 to $49.74 | $81,640 to $103,479
Range J | $49.75 to $63.24 | $103,480 to $131,559
Range K | $63.25 to $79.99 | $131,560 to $166,399
Range L | $80.00 and over | $166,400 and over
--------------------------------------------------------
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May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, and
November 2003 panels
--------------------------------------------------------
|
| Wages
Interval |-------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
Beginning with the November 2005 panel the lower boundary of the highest
wage interval was increased from $70.00 to $80.00. The mean hourly wage
value for the highest wage interval was computed separately for NCS data
from 2005 for $80.00 and over, and from 2004 and 2003 for $70.00 and over.
The mean wage rate from 2005 was used for the $80.00 and over interval for
the May 2006 and November 2005 panels. The average of the 2004 and 2003
mean wage rates was used for the $70.00 and over interval for the May 2005,
November 2004, May 2004, November 2003 panels.
Percentile wage. The p-th percentile wage rate for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more. This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
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Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual
wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by
multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than
full time, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and
reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers,
flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work
the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported.
Other workers, such as entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but gen-
erally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly
wage is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report
the hourly rate for part-time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The
OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years)
of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows
the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry,
and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained
by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas
and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However,
wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey
data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data.
The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate,
as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its
broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupa-
tional division. The wage rates for the highest wage interval are not updated.
Imputation. About 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a given
panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute
missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used
to impute missing wage distributions. The variant of mean imputation for wage
distributions also is applied to establishments that provide reports with occu-
pational totals but partial or missing wage data.
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Weighting and benchmarking. The sample establishments in each panel are
weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope frame
from which the panel was selected. Based on the sampled establishments, sam-
pling weights are adjusted when six panels are combined. Sampling weights
are further adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of Novem-
ber 2004 and May 2005 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey.
May 2006 OES survey estimates. The May 2006 OES survey estimates are based
on all data collected from establishments in the May 2006, November 2005, May
2005, November 2004, May 2004, and November 2003 semiannual samples.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling
error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (that is, a sample)
of the population instead of the full population. When a sample of the popu-
lation is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the charac-
teristic of interest may differ from the population value of that characteris-
tic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will
vary depending on the sample selected. This variability can be estimated by
calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to
repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same
survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding
and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the popula-
tion value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals. The
OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of a
sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined
as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This
statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment and
mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using
a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean
wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance components model that accounts
for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The
variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the
BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many estab-
lishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the
distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confi-
dence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2006
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
Management occupations 5,892,900 $44.20 $91,930 $38.93
Chief executives 299,520 69.52 144,600 (3)
General and operations managers 1,663,280 47.73 99,280 40.97
Legislators 62,020 (2) 32,730 (2)
Advertising and promotions managers 38,130 40.93 85,140 35.12
Marketing managers 159,950 51.74 107,610 47.46
Sales managers 307,960 49.39 102,730 44.02
Public relations managers 44,010 44.35 92,250 39.51
Administrative services managers 232,410 35.02 72,840 32.54
Computer and information systems managers 251,210 51.56 107,250 48.84
Financial managers 468,270 48.77 101,450 43.74
Compensation and benefits managers 46,640 39.43 82,010 35.94
Training and development managers 27,450 41.67 86,670 38.58
Human resources managers, all other 55,280 45.63 94,910 42.55
Industrial production managers 153,410 40.37 83,970 37.34
Purchasing managers 66,490 41.35 86,020 39.22
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 89,010 37.77 78,560 35.14
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 3,300 28.15 58,550 25.03
Farmers and ranchers 300 20.92 43,520 17.85
Construction managers 207,630 39.79 82,760 35.43
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program 46,890 20.88 43,430 18.15
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school 215,630 (2) 79,200 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 103,330 39.82 82,820 35.57
Education administrators, all other 26,570 34.38 71,520 32.03
Engineering managers 183,960 52.90 110,030 50.69
Food service managers 189,050 22.49 46,780 20.68
Funeral directors 22,810 27.53 57,250 23.86
Gaming managers 3,330 32.38 67,340 30.20
Lodging managers 31,300 23.83 49,560 20.35
Medical and health services managers 232,920 39.02 81,160 35.26
Natural sciences managers 38,660 51.91 107,970 48.11
Postmasters and mail superintendents 26,580 26.74 55,630 26.82
Property, real estate, and community association managers 156,880 25.14 52,290 20.71
Social and community service managers 112,360 26.97 56,090 25.03
Managers, all other 326,390 41.95 87,250 39.66
Business and financial operations occupations 5,826,140 28.85 60,000 25.81
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 11,130 40.42 84,070 31.01
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 13,110 25.83 53,730 22.49
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 137,310 24.52 51,010 21.46
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 275,910 26.04 54,160 24.39
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 279,240 25.36 52,750 24.36
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 12,630 24.03 49,980 23.65
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
and transportation 222,080 24.47 50,890 22.62
Cost estimators 216,900 27.32 56,820 25.45
Emergency management specialists 11,330 24.26 50,450 22.79
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 186,620 24.07 50,070 20.40
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 103,870 25.72 53,500 24.15
Training and development specialists 197,050 24.57 51,100 22.99
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other 204,290 26.30 54,700 25.13
Logisticians 79,570 31.56 65,640 30.49
Management analysts 476,070 37.15 77,270 32.72
Meeting and convention planners 42,510 21.92 45,580 20.28
Business operations specialists, all other 983,340 28.96 60,240 26.76
Accountants and auditors 1,092,960 29.17 60,670 26.26
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 66,420 24.57 51,110 21.38
Budget analysts 58,100 30.73 63,920 29.53
Credit analysts 66,690 28.94 60,190 25.17
Financial analysts 196,960 37.16 77,280 32.02
Personal financial advisors 119,690 41.70 86,730 31.79
Insurance underwriters 99,430 27.86 57,960 25.17
Financial examiners 24,430 34.25 71,240 31.43
Loan counselors 30,430 20.12 41,840 17.21
Loan officers 359,260 29.77 61,930 24.89
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 75,160 23.89 49,690 21.93
Tax preparers 62,860 15.94 33,160 13.15
Financial specialists, all other 120,790 28.65 59,600 25.81
Computer and mathematical science occupations 3,076,200 33.29 69,240 31.80
Computer and information scientists, research 27,650 46.36 96,440 45.17
Computer programmers 396,020 33.42 69,500 31.50
Computer software engineers, applications 472,520 39.42 82,000 38.36
Computer software engineers, systems software 329,060 41.95 87,250 41.04
Computer support specialists 514,460 21.32 44,350 19.94
Computer systems analysts 446,460 34.73 72,230 33.54
Database administrators 109,840 32.43 67,460 31.09
Network and computer systems administrators 289,520 31.37 65,260 29.87
Network systems and data communications analysts 203,710 32.43 67,460 31.06
Computer specialists, all other 180,270 33.35 69,370 32.97
Actuaries 16,620 44.14 91,810 39.81
Mathematicians 2,840 41.72 86,780 41.79
Operations research analysts 56,170 33.22 69,100 31.08
Statisticians 19,660 33.21 69,080 31.60
Mathematical technicians 1,210 22.12 46,010 18.21
Mathematical scientists, all other 10,190 31.21 64,920 30.56
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,430,250 31.82 66,190 30.00
Architects, except landscape and naval 101,010 33.54 69,760 30.84
Landscape architects 22,130 29.08 60,480 26.51
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 11,430 25.29 52,600 23.19
Surveyors 56,820 24.71 51,390 23.22
Aerospace engineers 86,720 42.92 89,260 42.12
Agricultural engineers 3,050 32.60 67,810 31.75
Biomedical engineers 14,030 37.51 78,030 35.54
Chemical engineers 29,060 39.23 81,600 37.91
Civil engineers 236,690 34.67 72,120 32.98
Computer hardware engineers 74,480 43.88 91,280 42.54
Electrical engineers 147,670 37.93 78,900 36.50
Electronics engineers, except computer 131,880 39.82 82,820 38.97
Environmental engineers 51,370 34.90 72,590 33.63
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 24,620 32.89 68,400 31.87
Industrial engineers 198,340 33.96 70,630 32.99
Marine engineers and naval architects 7,810 36.25 75,400 35.09
Materials engineers 21,230 36.52 75,960 35.57
Mechanical engineers 217,500 34.89 72,580 33.58
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 6,810 37.32 77,620 34.69
Nuclear engineers 14,870 44.25 92,040 43.38
Petroleum engineers 15,060 48.86 101,620 47.30
Engineers, all other 155,620 39.30 81,750 39.26
Architectural and civil drafters 107,110 21.11 43,900 20.17
Electrical and electronics drafters 32,440 23.85 49,610 22.51
Mechanical drafters 72,950 22.10 45,960 21.01
Drafters, all other 22,800 21.87 45,480 20.70
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 8,280 26.19 54,480 25.62
Civil engineering technicians 86,730 20.37 42,380 19.50
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 166,340 24.44 50,840 24.35
Electro-mechanical technicians 15,310 22.37 46,540 21.50
Environmental engineering technicians 20,600 20.72 43,100 19.50
Industrial engineering technicians 73,640 24.48 50,920 22.51
Mechanical engineering technicians 46,660 22.94 47,710 22.04
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 78,260 25.89 53,850 26.08
Surveying and mapping technicians 70,940 16.63 34,590 15.55
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,231,070 28.68 59,660 25.49
Animal scientists 3,930 25.59 53,230 22.98
Food scientists and technologists 8,770 28.49 59,260 25.87
Soil and plant scientists 10,720 28.52 59,330 26.96
Biochemists and biophysicists 18,680 38.90 80,900 36.69
Microbiologists 15,730 31.35 65,200 27.87
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 18,000 26.98 56,120 25.63
Biological scientists, all other 25,220 30.56 63,560 29.30
Conservation scientists 16,000 26.64 55,410 26.43
Foresters 10,760 25.22 52,450 24.61
Epidemiologists 4,120 28.99 60,290 27.25
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 78,210 33.82 70,350 29.66
Life scientists, all other 12,830 31.00 64,480 27.39
Astronomers 1,430 45.67 95,000 46.03
Physicists 15,420 45.95 95,580 45.31
Atmospheric and space scientists 8,250 37.41 77,810 37.09
Chemists 80,500 31.75 66,040 28.78
Materials scientists 9,390 37.02 77,010 35.87
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 77,720 29.38 61,120 26.97
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 28,980 38.41 79,890 34.93
Hydrologists 7,740 32.80 68,230 31.86
Physical scientists, all other 21,380 41.01 85,310 40.12
Economists 12,970 40.14 83,500 37.03
Market research analysts 213,590 31.70 65,930 28.28
Survey researchers 24,140 19.08 39,680 16.04
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 97,330 31.78 66,110 28.58
Industrial-organizational psychologists 1,140 43.23 89,920 41.55
Psychologists, all other 7,960 38.63 80,360 36.69
Sociologists 3,440 32.83 68,300 28.99
Urban and regional planners 32,640 28.33 58,940 27.22
Anthropologists and archeologists 4,960 25.43 52,900 24.00
Geographers 960 30.64 63,720 30.28
Historians 3,090 25.36 52,750 23.33
Political scientists 3,970 41.52 86,370 43.34
Social scientists and related workers, all other 31,110 32.56 67,720 31.21
Agricultural and food science technicians 19,220 16.20 33,700 15.26
Biological technicians 71,590 18.38 38,240 17.17
Chemical technicians 59,900 19.70 40,970 18.87
Geological and petroleum technicians 11,280 24.76 51,490 22.19
Nuclear technicians 6,400 31.14 64,760 31.49
Social science research assistants 15,840 17.23 35,840 16.28
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 34,790 19.36 40,260 18.31
Forensic science technicians 12,310 23.14 48,130 21.79
Forest and conservation technicians 30,580 16.24 33,780 14.84
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 58,080 19.65 40,870 18.23
Community and social services occupations 1,749,210 18.75 39,000 17.21
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 75,940 17.28 35,950 16.36
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 226,720 23.92 49,760 22.85
Marriage and family therapists 21,330 21.49 44,700 20.78
Mental health counselors 91,830 18.19 37,840 16.53
Rehabilitation counselors 121,380 15.80 32,870 14.04
Counselors, all other 24,260 19.37 40,280 18.37
Child, family, and school social workers 262,830 19.54 40,640 18.02
Medical and public health social workers 116,750 21.48 44,690 20.69
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 114,820 18.26 37,980 17.02
Social workers, all other 61,270 21.61 44,950 20.95
Health educators 57,900 21.81 45,370 19.87
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 89,650 22.18 46,130 20.43
Social and human service assistants 318,620 13.08 27,200 12.30
Community and social service specialists, all other 107,380 17.99 37,410 16.93
Clergy 37,820 20.70 43,060 19.07
Directors, religious activities and education 14,750 18.06 37,570 16.47
Religious workers, all other 5,990 14.11 29,350 11.70
Legal occupations 976,740 41.04 85,360 32.56
Lawyers 547,710 54.65 113,660 49.26
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers 14,470 37.37 77,730 34.90
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 8,110 28.27 58,790 23.80
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 25,870 45.98 95,640 48.89
Paralegals and legal assistants 229,430 21.86 45,460 20.69
Court reporters 16,940 23.25 48,370 21.93
Law clerks 31,890 18.85 39,210 17.48
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 63,410 19.55 40,660 17.32
Legal support workers, all other 38,910 24.29 50,520 21.70
Education, training, and library occupations 8,206,440 21.79 45,320 19.76
Business teachers, postsecondary 67,390 (2) 70,220 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 36,630 (2) 65,000 (2)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 44,570 (2) 62,790 (2)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary 5,820 (2) 67,390 (2)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 31,950 (2) 82,080 (2)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary 10,120 (2) 77,190 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 51,950 (2) 82,110 (2)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary 2,630 (2) 66,970 (2)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary 8,670 (2) 74,880 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 19,560 (2) 70,100 (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 4,310 (2) 71,980 (2)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 12,340 (2) 74,650 (2)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 5,040 (2) 68,240 (2)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary 7,350 (2) 63,710 (2)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 12,330 (2) 79,370 (2)
Geography teachers, postsecondary 4,070 (2) 62,850 (2)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 13,850 (2) 69,040 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 29,690 (2) 64,580 (2)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 16,110 (2) 63,160 (2)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 5,750 (2) 69,640 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 116,370 (2) 91,260 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 39,350 (2) 58,690 (2)
Education teachers, postsecondary 53,470 (2) 57,410 (2)
Library science teachers, postsecondary 3,830 (2) 57,550 (2)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary 10,430 (2) 55,310 (2)
Law teachers, postsecondary 11,870 (2) 94,290 (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary 7,860 (2) 57,990 (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 72,100 (2) 58,250 (2)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 23,560 (2) 56,600 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 59,320 (2) 57,320 (2)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 24,680 (2) 60,050 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 20,980 (2) 63,200 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 17,840 (2) 60,180 (2)
Graduate teaching assistants 112,830 (2) 30,190 (2)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary 4,330 (2) 60,630 (2)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 17,110 (2) 54,020 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 109,360 22.65 47,110 21.11
Postsecondary teachers, all other 272,410 (2) 72,310 (2)
Preschool teachers, except special education 361,600 12.45 25,900 10.91
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 165,780 (2) 47,040 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 1,509,180 (2) 48,700 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education 652,700 (2) 49,470 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 15,740 (2) 46,650 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education 1,030,780 (2) 51,150 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 95,040 (2) 51,050 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school 216,930 (2) 49,710 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 101,420 (2) 52,550 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 136,870 (2) 52,520 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors 71,740 22.45 46,690 21.11
Self-enrichment education teachers 149,700 18.50 38,470 16.08
Teachers and instructors, all other 576,840 (2) 35,370 (2)
Archivists 5,460 21.35 44,400 19.58
Curators 9,520 24.03 49,980 22.26
Museum technicians and conservators 9,810 18.30 38,060 16.51
Librarians 148,610 24.45 50,860 23.59
Library technicians 113,940 13.42 27,910 12.77
Audio-visual collections specialists 6,520 20.23 42,090 19.49
Farm and home management advisors 12,390 22.59 46,990 20.06
Instructional coordinators 117,630 26.72 55,570 25.38
Teacher assistants 1,246,030 (2) 21,860 (2)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 84,390 17.14 35,640 15.46
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,727,380 22.17 46,110 18.44
Art directors 31,030 37.70 78,420 32.74
Craft artists 4,870 13.75 28,610 11.58
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 11,260 22.65 47,100 20.18
Multi-media artists and animators 26,260 27.90 58,030 24.69
Artists and related workers, all other 7,870 23.51 48,890 20.19
Commercial and industrial designers 33,540 28.53 59,340 26.23
Fashion designers 15,670 33.30 69,270 30.10
Floral designers 61,320 11.08 23,040 10.43
Graphic designers 190,880 21.07 43,830 19.18
Interior designers 52,440 23.08 48,000 20.32
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 62,580 12.77 26,550 11.45
Set and exhibit designers 8,320 21.93 45,620 20.11
Designers, all other 11,390 23.50 48,890 21.09
Actors 51,880 21.84 (2) 11.61
Producers and directors 63,840 34.72 72,210 27.07
Athletes and sports competitors 12,500 (2) 74,440 (2)
Coaches and scouts 154,350 (2) 33,290 (2)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 13,790 (2) 27,450 (2)
Dancers 16,010 13.86 (2) 9.55
Choreographers 16,340 18.42 38,320 16.67
Music directors and composers 9,470 25.63 53,320 19.11
Musicians and singers 46,600 27.51 (2) 19.73
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 59,450 16.84 (2) 15.11
Radio and television announcers 40,020 17.36 36,120 11.69
Public address system and other announcers 8,300 16.33 33,970 12.02
Broadcast news analysts 6,770 32.17 66,910 22.46
Reporters and correspondents 53,060 20.14 41,900 16.09
Public relations specialists 209,560 25.85 53,760 22.76
Editors 100,170 25.59 53,220 22.59
Technical writers 45,330 29.25 60,850 27.91
Writers and authors 43,260 27.93 58,080 23.38
Interpreters and translators 30,910 19.11 39,750 17.10
Media and communication workers, all other 22,970 22.26 46,310 20.47
Audio and video equipment technicians 40,360 18.61 38,710 16.75
Broadcast technicians 32,070 17.09 35,540 14.75
Radio operators 1,220 18.69 38,870 18.22
Sound engineering technicians 14,080 24.16 50,260 20.68
Photographers 60,300 15.30 31,830 12.58
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 22,230 22.19 46,150 19.26
Film and video editors 17,380 27.93 58,100 22.44
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 17,740 25.59 53,230 25.03
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations 6,713,780 29.82 62,030 24.99
Chiropractors 25,470 38.97 81,070 31.36
Dentists, general 86,110 67.76 140,950 63.53
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 5,320 79.21 164,760 (3)
Orthodontists 5,200 85.05 176,900 (3)
Prosthodontists 480 76.42 158,940 (3)
Dentists, all other specialists 4,560 52.09 108,340 43.85
Dietitians and nutritionists 51,230 23.02 47,890 22.59
Optometrists 24,220 47.38 98,550 43.77
Pharmacists 239,920 44.95 93,500 45.44
Anesthesiologists 29,890 88.63 184,340 (3)
Family and general practitioners 109,400 72.04 149,850 (3)
Internists, general 48,700 77.34 160,860 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 22,520 85.60 178,040 (3)
Pediatricians, general 28,930 68.00 141,440 66.41
Psychiatrists 24,730 72.11 149,990 (3)
Surgeons 51,900 88.53 184,150 (3)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 208,960 68.38 142,220 (3)
Physician assistants 62,960 35.71 74,270 36.05
Podiatrists 9,020 56.97 118,500 52.03
Registered nurses 2,417,150 28.71 59,730 27.54
Audiologists 10,910 29.38 61,110 27.46
Occupational therapists 88,570 30.05 62,510 29.07
Physical therapists 156,100 32.72 68,050 31.83
Radiation therapists 14,290 32.49 67,580 31.81
Recreational therapists 24,130 17.55 36,510 16.82
Respiratory therapists 99,330 23.37 48,610 22.80
Speech-language pathologists 98,690 29.25 60,840 27.74
Therapists, all other 11,660 21.67 45,070 20.31
Veterinarians 49,750 39.18 81,490 34.61
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 53,270 39.96 83,110 29.60
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 160,760 24.30 50,550 23.90
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 144,710 16.65 34,620 15.79
Dental hygienists 166,380 30.01 62,430 30.19
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 43,870 21.15 43,990 20.34
Diagnostic medical sonographers 44,340 27.94 58,110 27.48
Nuclear medicine technologists 19,270 30.29 63,000 29.95
Radiologic technologists and technicians 190,180 23.71 49,320 23.16
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 196,190 14.13 29,390 13.01
Dietetic technicians 24,450 12.55 26,090 11.56
Pharmacy technicians 282,450 12.75 26,510 12.32
Psychiatric technicians 58,940 14.64 30,450 13.36
Respiratory therapy technicians 18,710 19.17 39,860 18.81
Surgical technologists 84,330 17.97 37,370 17.35
Veterinary technologists and technicians 69,700 13.34 27,750 12.88
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 720,380 18.05 37,530 17.57
Medical records and health information technicians 164,700 14.49 30,140 13.48
Opticians, dispensing 65,190 15.49 32,220 14.57
Orthotists and prosthetists 5,290 29.86 62,110 28.36
Health technologists and technicians, all other 72,180 18.39 38,260 16.89
Occupational health and safety specialists 42,220 28.50 59,270 27.90
Occupational health and safety technicians 10,020 21.32 44,340 20.27
Athletic trainers 15,440 (2) 38,860 (2)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other 50,690 21.68 45,090 17.89
Healthcare support occupations 3,483,270 11.83 24,610 11.00
Home health aides 751,480 9.66 20,100 9.34
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 1,376,660 11.04 22,960 10.67
Psychiatric aides 57,000 12.01 24,990 11.49
Occupational therapist assistants 23,700 20.25 42,110 20.22
Occupational therapist aides 7,780 13.35 27,760 12.03
Physical therapist assistants 59,350 19.91 41,410 19.88
Physical therapist aides 45,520 11.20 23,290 10.61
Massage therapists 41,920 18.93 39,380 16.06
Dental assistants 277,040 14.83 30,850 14.53
Medical assistants 409,570 13.07 27,190 12.64
Medical equipment preparers 42,740 12.97 26,980 12.47
Medical transcriptionists 86,790 14.74 30,660 14.40
Pharmacy aides 47,810 10.07 20,950 9.35
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 70,310 10.13 21,060 9.60
Healthcare support workers, all other 185,580 13.55 28,170 12.98
Protective service occupations 3,024,840 17.81 37,040 15.42
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 37,400 26.27 54,630 25.28
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 89,170 33.76 70,230 33.32
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers 50,810 31.27 65,030 30.24
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other 45,170 22.28 46,350 19.99
Fire fighters 283,630 20.37 42,370 19.80
Fire inspectors and investigators 13,360 24.02 49,950 23.10
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists 1,710 17.21 35,810 15.84
Bailiffs 17,890 17.43 36,260 16.45
Correctional officers and jailers 417,810 18.42 38,310 17.19
Detectives and criminal investigators 100,110 29.03 60,390 28.01
Fish and game wardens 7,520 21.25 44,200 21.01
Parking enforcement workers 10,090 15.03 31,260 14.50
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 624,380 23.27 48,410 22.82
Transit and railroad police 5,320 23.86 49,620 22.63
Animal control workers 14,600 14.12 29,370 13.42
Private detectives and investigators 35,980 18.41 38,290 16.23
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators 8,470 14.65 30,470 13.04
Security guards 1,004,130 11.35 23,620 10.35
Crossing guards 67,750 10.71 22,270 10.13
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 108,870 8.85 18,410 8.25
Protective service workers, all other 80,680 14.63 30,420 12.94
Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,029,280 8.86 18,430 7.90
Chefs and head cooks 104,080 18.21 37,880 16.52
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers 769,320 13.88 28,870 12.97
Cooks, fast food 612,020 7.67 15,960 7.41
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 375,210 10.25 21,320 9.81
Cooks, private household 900 13.64 28,370 11.00
Cooks, restaurant 825,840 10.11 21,020 9.78
Cooks, short order 189,610 8.99 18,710 8.59
Cooks, all other 12,940 11.34 23,590 10.39
Food preparation workers 871,470 8.88 18,480 8.37
Bartenders 485,120 8.91 18,540 7.86
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 2,461,890 7.66 15,930 7.24
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 524,410 8.15 16,950 7.76
Waiters and waitresses 2,312,930 8.27 17,190 7.14
Food servers, nonrestaurant 183,700 9.48 19,710 8.70
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 401,790 7.84 16,320 7.36
Dishwashers 502,770 7.78 16,190 7.57
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 340,390 8.10 16,860 7.78
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 54,900 9.31 19,360 8.55
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,396,250 10.86 22,580 9.75
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers 182,690 16.16 33,610 15.04
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
groundskeeping workers 111,100 19.35 40,240 17.93
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 2,124,860 10.45 21,730 9.58
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 900,040 8.99 18,700 8.45
Building cleaning workers, all other 14,390 13.78 28,670 12.06
Pest control workers 62,710 14.11 29,350 13.41
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 924,330 11.06 23,010 10.22
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 25,880 13.73 28,560 12.84
Tree trimmers and pruners 28,300 14.38 29,910 13.58
Grounds maintenance workers, all other 21,930 11.77 24,490 9.82
Personal care and service occupations 3,249,760 11.02 22,920 9.17
Gaming supervisors 23,860 20.38 42,390 19.79
Slot key persons 13,450 12.16 25,300 10.92
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers 125,430 17.35 36,090 15.77
Animal trainers 10,020 14.39 29,920 12.65
Nonfarm animal caretakers 108,130 9.73 20,230 8.72
Gaming dealers 82,960 8.18 17,010 7.08
Gaming and sports book writers and runners 17,780 10.02 20,850 9.04
Gaming service workers, all other (4) 11.59 24,110 10.52
Motion picture projectionists 10,620 9.70 20,180 8.39
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 101,530 8.41 17,500 7.64
Amusement and recreation attendants 235,670 8.43 17,530 7.83
Costume attendants 4,150 14.20 29,540 12.37
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 18,770 9.50 19,760 8.95
Embalmers 8,860 19.43 40,410 18.19
Funeral attendants 32,250 10.56 21,970 9.78
Barbers 11,500 12.76 26,540 11.13
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 344,900 11.80 24,550 10.25
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 1,250 17.66 36,730 15.30
Manicurists and pedicurists 47,450 10.23 21,280 9.23
Shampooers 15,580 8.20 17,050 7.78
Skin care specialists 22,620 14.21 29,550 12.58
Baggage porters and bellhops 48,450 10.37 21,580 8.83
Concierges 19,150 12.50 26,000 11.83
Tour guides and escorts 30,390 10.73 22,310 9.82
Travel guides 3,220 14.83 30,840 13.68
Flight attendants 96,760 (2) 56,150 (2)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters 20,790 10.17 21,140 9.65
Child care workers 572,950 9.05 18,820 8.48
Personal and home care aides 578,290 8.74 18,180 8.54
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 205,970 15.24 31,710 12.46
Recreation workers 273,280 11.03 22,950 9.84
Residential advisors 48,470 11.79 24,520 10.90
Personal care and service workers, all other 58,440 10.40 21,640 9.12
Sales and related occupations 14,114,860 16.52 34,350 11.14
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,111,740 18.67 38,830 16.33
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 285,690 36.94 76,840 31.49
Cashiers 3,479,390 8.62 17,930 8.08
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers 26,700 10.32 21,470 9.94
Counter and rental clerks 468,900 11.22 23,340 9.41
Parts salespersons 234,770 14.43 30,010 13.19
Retail salespersons 4,374,230 11.51 23,940 9.50
Advertising sales agents 159,640 24.70 51,370 20.55
Insurance sales agents 311,380 28.10 58,450 21.09
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 260,360 43.45 90,380 32.93
Travel agents 87,600 15.12 31,460 14.05
Sales representatives, services, all other 501,850 27.13 56,420 23.12
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products 390,280 34.95 72,700 30.98
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
and scientific products 1,488,990 28.14 58,540 23.85
Demonstrators and product promoters 82,830 12.39 25,770 10.65
Models 1,470 13.45 27,980 11.22
Real estate brokers 46,950 38.57 80,230 29.23
Real estate sales agents 168,400 26.13 54,350 19.12
Sales engineers 75,150 39.94 83,080 37.37
Telemarketers 385,700 11.63 24,190 10.09
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 11,140 12.92 26,880 9.71
Sales and related workers, all other 161,700 19.63 40,820 16.47
Office and administrative support occupations 23,077,190 14.60 30,370 13.50
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 1,351,180 22.37 46,530 20.92
Switchboard operators, including answering service 172,060 11.37 23,640 10.88
Telephone operators 26,350 15.73 32,710 16.41
Communications equipment operators, all other 4,220 15.93 33,130 15.23
Bill and account collectors 423,090 14.73 30,640 13.97
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 517,750 14.39 29,930 13.87
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1,856,890 15.28 31,780 14.69
Gaming cage workers 17,970 11.62 24,170 11.13
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 205,970 15.93 33,140 15.58
Procurement clerks 74,370 16.13 33,540 15.91
Tellers 603,150 10.97 22,810 10.64
Brokerage clerks 72,400 18.89 39,280 17.50
Correspondence clerks 16,260 14.35 29,850 13.80
Court, municipal, and license clerks 107,100 15.66 32,580 14.89
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 67,400 15.25 31,710 14.41
Customer service representatives 2,147,770 14.61 30,400 13.62
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 106,210 18.16 37,770 18.05
File clerks 223,090 11.32 23,540 10.62
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 214,110 9.37 19,480 8.88
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 211,500 13.07 27,190 12.64
Library assistants, clerical 109,090 11.03 22,940 10.40
Loan interviewers and clerks 248,050 15.71 32,680 14.89
New accounts clerks 80,770 14.19 29,510 13.65
Order clerks 264,520 13.52 28,130 12.66
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 159,750 16.70 34,740 16.23
Receptionists and information clerks 1,112,350 11.45 23,810 11.01
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 157,650 14.48 30,120 13.72
All other information and record clerks 230,990 15.82 32,900 14.98
Cargo and freight agents 84,340 18.54 38,560 17.84
Couriers and messengers 105,070 11.14 23,170 10.36
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 94,710 15.67 32,590 15.13
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 185,410 16.56 34,450 15.48
Meter readers, utilities 45,770 15.41 32,040 14.58
Postal service clerks 81,670 21.13 43,950 21.54
Postal service mail carriers 346,990 21.03 43,750 21.32
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 203,110 19.75 41,070 21.10
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 286,160 19.23 40,000 18.57
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 763,350 13.21 27,480 12.53
Stock clerks and order fillers 1,705,450 10.79 22,440 9.83
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 77,520 13.14 27,330 12.20
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 1,487,310 18.83 39,160 17.90
Legal secretaries 268,170 19.07 39,670 18.36
Medical secretaries 394,330 14.05 29,220 13.51
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 1,750,600 13.68 28,460 13.20
Computer operators 123,750 16.83 35,010 16.13
Data entry keyers 295,650 12.33 25,640 11.87
Word processors and typists 153,530 14.68 30,540 14.15
Desktop publishers 30,440 17.36 36,120 16.41
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 238,210 15.74 32,740 14.96
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 141,170 12.05 25,060 11.45
Office clerks, general 3,026,710 12.12 25,200 11.40
Office machine operators, except computer 91,810 12.51 26,010 11.80
Proofreaders and copy markers 16,960 14.12 29,380 13.20
Statistical assistants 19,680 15.84 32,950 15.02
Office and administrative support workers, all other 277,310 14.07 29,260 13.08
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 450,040 10.49 21,810 8.63
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 19,670 19.33 40,210 18.15
Farm labor contractors 2,060 13.87 28,850 11.32
Agricultural inspectors 14,790 18.67 38,820 18.32
Animal breeders 2,060 15.37 31,970 13.02
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 45,890 8.95 18,610 8.27
Agricultural equipment operators 21,140 10.55 21,950 9.72
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 230,780 8.48 17,630 7.95
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 47,870 9.92 20,630 9.17
Agricultural workers, all other 8,550 12.05 25,070 10.80
Fishers and related fishing workers 880 13.71 28,510 13.10
Forest and conservation workers 8,530 11.97 24,890 10.01
Fallers 8,790 15.84 32,960 13.80
Logging equipment operators 28,300 14.85 30,880 14.28
Log graders and scalers 4,810 14.90 30,980 14.06
Logging workers, all other 5,880 15.25 31,720 15.32
Construction and extraction occupations 6,680,710 18.89 39,290 17.04
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 574,870 27.64 57,500 25.89
Boilermakers 17,240 23.37 48,600 22.58
Brickmasons and blockmasons 118,080 21.33 44,370 20.66
Stonemasons 18,210 18.29 38,040 17.29
Carpenters 985,990 19.20 39,930 17.57
Carpet installers 36,840 18.40 38,280 16.62
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 14,910 18.81 39,120 16.44
Floor sanders and finishers 7,480 15.29 31,810 13.89
Tile and marble setters 51,330 18.92 39,360 17.59
Cement masons and concrete finishers 218,170 17.13 35,630 15.70
Terrazzo workers and finishers 6,550 16.78 34,900 15.21
Construction laborers 1,016,530 14.39 29,930 12.66
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 63,090 16.45 34,210 15.05
Pile-driver operators 5,280 24.02 49,950 22.20
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 393,090 19.50 40,560 17.74
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 140,630 18.66 38,810 17.38
Tapers 40,090 20.48 42,590 19.85
Electricians 617,370 22.41 46,620 20.97
Glaziers 51,990 18.30 38,060 16.64
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 31,450 16.48 34,280 14.67
Insulation workers, mechanical 27,900 20.07 41,740 17.74
Painters, construction and maintenance 263,390 16.45 34,220 15.00
Paperhangers 6,160 17.42 36,230 16.21
Pipelayers 58,330 16.21 33,710 14.58
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 435,960 22.03 45,830 20.56
Plasterers and stucco masons 50,700 17.91 37,260 16.68
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 30,180 20.35 42,330 18.38
Roofers 125,030 16.99 35,340 15.51
Sheet metal workers 177,540 19.61 40,780 17.96
Structural iron and steel workers 67,560 21.13 43,950 19.46
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters 62,290 13.39 27,850 12.19
Helpers--carpenters 104,200 11.63 24,190 11.09
Helpers--electricians 100,550 12.05 25,050 11.42
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons 23,390 10.87 22,620 10.25
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 81,510 12.22 25,430 11.50
Helpers--roofers 21,050 10.93 22,740 10.46
Helpers, construction trades, all other 35,880 11.93 24,820 10.94
Construction and building inspectors 96,630 23.37 48,620 22.39
Elevator installers and repairers 21,700 29.78 61,930 30.59
Fence erectors 24,610 13.53 28,130 12.69
Hazardous materials removal workers 38,740 18.43 38,340 17.04
Highway maintenance workers 138,670 15.56 32,370 15.17
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 13,680 19.06 39,640 19.23
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 22,090 15.65 32,560 15.11
Segmental pavers 880 13.75 28,600 13.80
Construction and related workers, all other 56,130 15.81 32,880 14.65
Derrick operators, oil and gas 16,920 18.23 37,930 17.42
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas 18,010 20.36 42,350 18.49
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 25,360 17.37 36,120 15.82
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 19,070 17.80 37,030 16.59
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 5,110 19.83 41,240 19.18
Continuous mining machine operators 9,660 19.38 40,310 19.44
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators 7,700 18.71 38,930 19.23
Mining machine operators, all other 2,880 18.50 38,490 17.97
Rock splitters, quarry 3,790 13.91 28,940 13.05
Roof bolters, mining 4,240 20.29 42,200 19.83
Roustabouts, oil and gas 41,120 12.93 26,890 12.36
Helpers--extraction workers 23,980 14.65 30,460 13.79
Extraction workers, all other 8,880 18.49 38,470 17.04
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,352,420 18.78 39,060 17.65
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers 450,710 26.98 56,110 25.91
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 139,770 18.29 38,050 17.54
Radio mechanics 6,250 19.17 39,880 18.12
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 190,130 24.33 50,610 25.21
Avionics technicians 15,360 22.78 47,380 22.57
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 22,100 16.74 34,810 15.80
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 20,480 20.98 43,650 20.72
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 78,570 21.96 45,670 21.72
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 22,090 27.34 56,870 27.60
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 19,510 14.99 31,190 13.57
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 35,310 15.25 31,710 14.42
Security and fire alarm systems installers 51,740 17.51 36,410 16.73
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 118,210 23.70 49,300 22.95
Automotive body and related repairers 155,500 18.38 38,230 16.92
Automotive glass installers and repairers 18,650 15.41 32,050 14.77
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 642,360 17.34 36,070 16.24
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 254,850 18.48 38,440 18.11
Farm equipment mechanics 29,500 14.58 30,320 14.16
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 119,060 19.90 41,390 19.44
Rail car repairers 23,810 20.68 43,010 20.82
Motorboat mechanics 18,550 16.55 34,430 15.96
Motorcycle mechanics 16,700 15.39 32,000 14.45
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 25,560 13.44 27,950 12.94
Bicycle repairers 8,350 10.87 22,610 10.48
Recreational vehicle service technicians 13,560 16.00 33,280 15.15
Tire repairers and changers 103,120 10.96 22,790 10.26
Mechanical door repairers 15,130 16.38 34,060 15.20
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 42,270 21.77 45,290 21.84
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 250,970 19.09 39,710 18.11
Home appliance repairers 42,810 16.99 35,350 16.28
Industrial machinery mechanics 250,810 20.47 42,570 19.74
Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,310,580 16.11 33,510 15.34
Maintenance workers, machinery 81,580 17.50 36,390 16.61
Millwrights 53,320 22.99 47,820 21.94
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons 3,340 19.61 40,790 19.61
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 110,520 23.99 49,900 24.41
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 156,440 21.99 45,740 22.25
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 3,470 17.60 36,600 16.76
Medical equipment repairers 32,100 20.69 43,040 19.51
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 5,120 15.31 31,850 14.04
Watch repairers 3,050 15.75 32,760 14.86
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 12,980 22.71 47,230 22.23
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 39,440 14.33 29,820 13.80
Commercial divers 2,680 21.83 45,410 19.03
Fabric menders, except garment 1,280 14.55 30,260 13.64
Locksmiths and safe repairers 17,870 16.14 33,560 15.39
Manufactured building and mobile home installers 9,520 12.79 26,600 12.06
Riggers 12,010 19.07 39,670 18.85
Signal and track switch repairers 5,980 23.98 49,870 24.11
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 159,110 11.64 24,210 10.71
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 130,260 17.10 35,560 15.84
Production occupations 10,268,510 14.65 30,480 13.16
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 676,640 24.27 50,480 22.74
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 27,680 21.09 43,860 21.83
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 22,560 12.94 26,910 12.64
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 211,460 13.23 27,510 12.29
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 59,760 13.91 28,930 13.25
Engine and other machine assemblers 45,120 17.02 35,400 15.99
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 99,680 15.11 31,440 14.56
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 32,510 12.96 26,960 12.49
Team assemblers 1,250,120 12.59 26,180 11.63
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators 2,460 14.68 30,530 13.86
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 288,370 14.90 31,000 12.85
Bakers 139,700 11.40 23,710 10.59
Butchers and meat cutters 128,350 13.61 28,310 12.95
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 139,830 10.22 21,260 9.79
Slaughterers and meat packers 118,610 10.55 21,940 10.43
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 18,510 12.36 25,710 11.30
Food batchmakers 92,590 11.92 24,790 11.11
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 44,060 10.94 22,750 10.23
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic 139,580 15.78 32,820 15.23
Numerical tool and process control programmers 17,800 21.54 44,810 20.42
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 93,810 14.10 29,330 13.58
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 31,050 14.41 29,980 13.94
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 34,710 15.43 32,080 14.93
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 269,640 13.33 27,730 12.66
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 42,480 15.21 31,640 14.36
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 100,010 14.32 29,780 13.50
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 65,840 15.98 33,250 15.46
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 29,040 15.52 32,280 15.18
Machinists 385,690 17.22 35,810 16.71
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 18,430 16.14 33,560 15.69
Pourers and casters, metal 14,880 14.87 30,930 14.22
Model makers, metal and plastic 8,370 21.22 44,130 20.22
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 7,070 18.31 38,090 17.01
Foundry mold and coremakers 14,460 14.40 29,950 13.82
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 155,670 13.14 27,330 12.29
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 96,480 15.45 32,140 14.68
Tool and die makers 96,960 21.95 45,650 21.29
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 376,630 15.81 32,880 15.10
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders 48,770 16.08 33,440 14.90
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 27,050 15.27 31,750 14.83
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 9,960 16.87 35,080 16.15
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 41,500 14.08 29,280 13.21
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 17,620 15.49 32,210 14.73
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 47,760 18.14 37,730 16.69
Bindery workers 63,700 13.16 27,370 12.29
Bookbinders 7,120 15.49 32,210 14.55
Job printers 46,200 16.36 34,020 15.58
Prepress technicians and workers 70,890 16.70 34,730 16.01
Printing machine operators 191,610 15.79 32,840 14.90
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 217,580 9.08 18,890 8.58
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 75,150 8.88 18,470 8.56
Sewing machine operators 219,080 9.78 20,340 9.04
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 7,450 10.41 21,660 9.83
Shoe machine operators and tenders 4,080 10.92 22,710 10.54
Sewers, hand 9,750 10.43 21,680 9.79
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 30,000 11.91 24,770 11.01
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders 20,070 11.50 23,920 11.20
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 19,140 10.93 22,740 10.39
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 38,900 11.80 24,530 11.68
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 44,210 11.32 23,550 11.08
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers 17,860 14.38 29,910 13.78
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 8,840 18.45 38,380 15.74
Upholsterers 40,340 13.70 28,500 13.09
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 22,890 11.91 24,770 11.03
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 127,780 13.83 28,760 12.99
Furniture finishers 24,890 12.83 26,680 12.02
Model makers, wood 1,920 15.86 33,000 13.69
Patternmakers, wood 2,270 16.20 33,690 15.15
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 60,230 12.20 25,380 11.67
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 97,700 12.07 25,110 11.51
Woodworkers, all other 11,350 12.03 25,030 10.86
Nuclear power reactor operators 3,750 34.04 70,800 33.35
Power distributors and dispatchers 8,420 30.12 62,640 30.09
Power plant operators 34,200 26.60 55,340 26.44
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 42,730 22.59 46,990 22.13
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators 106,550 17.88 37,180 17.34
Chemical plant and system operators 52,970 23.53 48,930 23.60
Gas plant operators 12,120 25.90 53,870 25.80
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers 40,880 25.20 52,410 25.18
Plant and system operators, all other 13,820 22.33 46,450 22.25
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 50,570 19.85 41,300 19.37
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
and tenders 43,660 17.37 36,130 16.81
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders 41,910 14.22 29,570 13.50
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 43,980 12.24 25,460 11.48
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 140,710 14.80 30,790 14.10
Cutters and trimmers, hand 28,790 11.72 24,370 10.73
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 77,960 14.23 29,610 13.43
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 81,000 14.06 29,230 13.32
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 27,100 15.25 31,720 14.58
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 483,020 15.48 32,190 14.14
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 26,220 16.01 33,300 14.30
Dental laboratory technicians 45,840 16.79 34,910 15.67
Medical appliance technicians 10,610 16.56 34,450 14.99
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 29,130 13.35 27,770 12.24
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 384,160 12.02 25,000 11.06
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders 102,210 13.57 28,230 12.90
Painters, transportation equipment 52,170 18.57 38,630 17.15
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 29,950 12.14 25,260 11.04
Photographic process workers 24,180 12.84 26,710 11.19
Photographic processing machine operators 50,040 10.35 21,540 9.38
Semiconductor processors 41,520 16.70 34,730 15.80
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 23,540 12.90 26,840 12.10
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 15,500 12.22 25,420 10.99
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 10,050 12.48 25,970 11.48
Etchers and engravers 11,390 13.34 27,750 12.30
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 42,610 12.85 26,730 12.03
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 113,930 15.68 32,610 15.14
Tire builders 23,210 18.38 38,220 18.33
Helpers--production workers 539,350 10.63 22,120 9.97
Production workers, all other 288,470 13.82 28,740 11.97
Transportation and material moving occupations 9,647,730 14.16 29,460 12.17
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 5,620 21.85 45,440 19.16
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand 178,820 20.16 41,940 19.02
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
and vehicle operators 220,570 24.51 50,990 23.24
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 75,810 (2) 140,380 (2)
Commercial pilots 27,120 (2) 66,720 (2)
Air traffic controllers 23,240 53.02 110,270 56.37
Airfield operations specialists 4,760 19.90 41,400 18.09
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 21,100 10.54 21,930 9.79
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 191,120 15.89 33,050 15.43
Bus drivers, school 456,570 12.08 25,130 11.93
Driver/sales workers 396,680 11.72 24,380 9.99
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 1,673,950 17.46 36,320 16.85
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 941,590 13.23 27,520 12.17
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 154,490 10.62 22,080 9.78
Motor vehicle operators, all other 71,880 12.76 26,550 10.92
Locomotive engineers 36,870 29.74 61,850 27.88
Locomotive firers 560 21.96 45,680 19.85
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers 5,820 19.24 40,020 18.21
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 22,810 25.05 52,110 23.49
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 37,110 28.31 58,880 26.70
Subway and streetcar operators 6,740 22.20 46,180 23.55
Rail transportation workers, all other 6,360 18.43 38,330 18.82
Sailors and marine oilers 31,690 15.73 32,710 14.73
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 29,170 27.43 57,060 25.69
Motorboat operators 2,450 16.74 34,810 15.55
Ship engineers 14,190 28.53 59,340 26.36
Bridge and lock tenders 3,700 17.27 35,930 18.76
Parking lot attendants 131,870 8.87 18,450 8.33
Service station attendants 94,780 9.21 19,150 8.53
Traffic technicians 6,560 18.68 38,840 17.86
Transportation inspectors 23,790 26.62 55,370 24.22
Transportation workers, all other 42,130 15.55 32,350 14.51
Conveyor operators and tenders 50,080 13.45 27,970 13.09
Crane and tower operators 45,740 19.93 41,450 18.77
Dredge operators 1,780 17.81 37,050 16.26
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 67,590 17.19 35,740 15.83
Loading machine operators, underground mining 2,480 19.37 40,290 17.91
Hoist and winch operators 2,990 17.56 36,530 16.16
Industrial truck and tractor operators 629,100 13.99 29,090 13.11
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 334,560 9.68 20,130 8.68
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 2,372,130 11.08 23,050 10.20
Machine feeders and offbearers 150,600 11.58 24,080 10.88
Packers and packagers, hand 827,470 9.30 19,340 8.48
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators 3,900 21.52 44,760 21.83
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 10,030 19.55 40,670 19.13
Wellhead pumpers 13,280 17.67 36,760 17.38
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 125,770 14.96 31,110 13.93
Shuttle car operators 2,860 18.92 39,350 18.78
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 15,360 16.44 34,200 15.37
Material moving workers, all other 52,120 15.87 33,000 14.55
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the
reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual
salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
4 Estimates not released.
Table 2. Hourly mean wage rates by industry and occupational group
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Occupational group
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Business | | | Life, | | | | Arts, design, | |
Industry | | and | Computer and | Architecture | physical, | Community | | Education, | entertainment, | Healthcare | Healthcare
| Management | financial | mathematical | and | and social | and social | Legal | training, and | sports, and | practitioners | support
| | operations | science | engineering | science | services | | library | media | and technical |
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| | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | $44.20 | $28.85 | $33.29 | $31.82 | $28.68 | $18.75 | $41.04 | $21.79 | $22.17 | $29.82 | $11.83
| | | | | | | | | | |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing | | | | | | | | | | |
and hunting .....................| 37.36 | 26.48 | 26.60 | 29.11 | 21.82 | (1) | (1) | (1) | 14.45 | 21.53 | (1)
Mining ...........................| 49.10 | 30.71 | 33.08 | 40.08 | 35.71 | (1) | 35.88 | (1) | 29.18 | 27.52 | 8.39
Utilities ........................| 49.26 | 31.97 | 33.83 | 33.73 | 32.30 | (1) | 53.51 | 29.93 | 29.27 | 30.85 | (1)
Construction .....................| 45.18 | 28.42 | 28.22 | 29.55 | 28.44 | 18.57 | 43.27 | (1) | 23.68 | 25.04 | 9.97
Manufacturing ....................| 49.47 | 28.58 | 36.51 | 32.66 | 29.43 | 23.82 | 54.67 | 26.73 | 22.96 | 26.38 | 13.96
Wholesale trade ..................| 52.26 | 28.70 | 33.96 | 32.03 | 31.99 | 18.04 | 52.04 | 22.90 | 21.89 | 26.53 | 12.63
Retail trade .....................| 40.30 | 24.25 | 26.08 | 27.66 | 26.51 | 16.59 | 24.80 | 15.64 | 13.93 | 25.67 | 9.99
Transportation and warehousing ...| 40.02 | 27.83 | 30.28 | 31.28 | 31.26 | 14.61 | 48.95 | 24.04 | 21.23 | 23.79 | 11.37
Information ......................| 53.89 | 31.44 | 34.57 | 33.10 | 34.90 | 18.46 | 51.52 | 18.69 | 23.39 | 28.95 | 16.50
Finance and insurance ............| 52.97 | 30.24 | 33.78 | 36.21 | 31.66 | 20.58 | 34.04 | 24.20 | 25.60 | 27.95 | 13.69
Real estate and rental | | | | | | | | | | |
and leasing .....................| 32.47 | 27.60 | 28.84 | 29.40 | 25.06 | 17.25 | 33.32 | 20.29 | 21.01 | 21.12 | 11.07
Professional, scientific, and | | | | | | | | | | |
technical services ..............| 56.58 | 32.82 | 35.36 | 30.91 | 29.45 | 21.27 | 43.54 | 27.39 | 24.68 | 24.68 | 10.18
Management of companies | | | | | | | | | | |
and enterprises .................| 53.20 | 30.08 | 32.95 | 35.34 | 32.64 | 17.44 | 51.33 | 20.04 | 28.60 | 30.19 | 13.23
Administrative and support | | | | | | | | | | |
and waste management | | | | | | | | | | |
and remediation services ........| 44.37 | 26.81 | 30.57 | 29.20 | 25.73 | 16.25 | 30.49 | 19.78 | 20.92 | 27.99 | 12.03
Educational services .............| 39.10 | 24.60 | 24.54 | 27.75 | 23.92 | 24.44 | 39.42 | 22.61 | 17.67 | 25.70 | 13.37
Health care and social | | | | | | | | | | |
assistance ......................| 36.28 | 24.12 | 27.24 | 27.75 | 31.12 | 16.51 | 33.91 | 12.13 | 20.55 | 30.84 | 11.72
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | | | |
recreation ......................| 38.65 | 29.45 | 24.96 | 33.47 | 21.45 | 15.23 | 51.91 | 18.16 | 23.93 | 18.96 | 18.32
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | | | |
services ........................| 26.49 | 21.33 | 24.93 | 26.87 | 23.10 | 13.00 | 45.11 | 14.91 | 14.58 | 20.54 | 15.51
Other services (except | | | | | | | | | | |
public administration) ..........| 38.11 | 23.94 | 27.27 | 30.80 | 26.70 | 17.19 | 37.57 | 14.41 | 22.62 | 23.64 | 16.85
Federal, state, and local | | | | | | | | | | |
government ......................| 36.37 | 27.63 | 31.26 | 32.13 | 27.68 | 20.24 | 36.37 | 19.25 | 24.27 | 27.17 | 13.69
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Building and | Personal | | Office and | Farming, | | | | Transpor-
| Protective | Food | grounds | care and | Sales and | administrative | fishing, | Construction | Installation, | | tation and
| service | preparation | cleaning and | service | related | support | and | and | maintenance, | Production | material
| | and serving | maintenance | | | | forestry | extraction | and repair | | moving
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | $17.81 | $8.86 | $10.86 | $11.02 | $16.52 | $14.60 | $10.49 | $18.89 | $18.78 | $14.65 | $14.16
| | | | | | | | | | |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, | | | | | | | | | | |
and hunting .....................| 12.35 | 11.30 | 11.80 | 11.66 | 23.11 | 12.27 | 9.71 | 16.03 | 15.16 | 11.53 | 11.36
Mining ...........................| 12.87 | 13.02 | 10.67 | 14.72 | 29.14 | 15.46 | 10.03 | 18.41 | 20.12 | 20.02 | 17.14
Utilities ........................| 19.87 | 10.65 | 14.59 | 21.20 | 26.88 | 18.31 | 12.43 | 24.04 | 25.66 | 26.44 | 19.73
Construction .....................| 12.95 | 8.72 | 11.64 | 10.39 | 27.31 | 14.85 | 11.86 | 19.02 | 18.87 | 16.23 | 15.88
Manufacturing ....................| 15.08 | 9.30 | 11.57 | 12.74 | 28.04 | 15.82 | 11.79 | 19.42 | 20.33 | 15.00 | 13.42
Wholesale trade ..................| 13.16 | 8.90 | 10.63 | 12.02 | 28.01 | 14.64 | 9.96 | 18.54 | 18.72 | 14.26 | 13.42
Retail trade .....................| 12.67 | 9.52 | 9.84 | 9.14 | 11.63 | 11.52 | 9.97 | 16.65 | 16.91 | 12.73 | 10.55
Transportation and warehousing ...| 16.30 | 12.22 | 16.49 | 21.58 | 24.35 | 17.72 | 13.60 | 20.21 | 21.22 | 17.06 | 18.17
Information ......................| 15.32 | 7.85 | 10.96 | 8.71 | 23.44 | 16.41 | (1) | 23.40 | 24.41 | 16.40 | 12.76
Finance and insurance ............| 17.94 | 11.60 | 10.48 | 12.22 | 32.22 | 14.99 | 12.45 | 18.97 | 17.81 | 17.74 | 19.13
Real estate and rental | | | | | | | | | | |
and leasing .....................| 12.72 | 9.56 | 11.01 | 11.72 | 18.01 | 13.93 | 11.15 | 18.82 | 15.17 | 14.27 | 12.03
Professional, scientific, and | | | | | | | | | | |
technical services ..............| 18.36 | 10.49 | 11.26 | 9.82 | 28.41 | 15.83 | 10.99 | 22.03 | 20.69 | 16.38 | 13.74
Management of companies | | | | | | | | | | |
and enterprises .................| 15.73 | 11.11 | 11.56 | 10.93 | 26.75 | 16.41 | 11.34 | 23.16 | 20.55 | 16.32 | 14.86
Administrative and support | | | | | | | | | | |
and waste management | | | | | | | | | | |
and remediation services ........| 10.98 | 9.24 | 10.58 | 10.50 | 15.98 | 13.13 | 10.72 | 15.30 | 17.02 | 11.08 | 11.21
Educational services .............| 14.22 | 9.87 | 12.57 | 10.76 | 16.35 | 14.42 | 13.60 | 20.64 | 17.40 | 18.07 | 12.31
Health care and social | | | | | | | | | | |
assistance ......................| 13.51 | 9.89 | 10.16 | 9.27 | 16.80 | 14.01 | 10.08 | 21.83 | 16.22 | 11.73 | 11.00
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | | | |
recreation ......................| 10.69 | 9.61 | 10.94 | 11.34 | 11.29 | 12.82 | 10.39 | 21.10 | 15.31 | 16.97 | 11.97
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | | | |
services ........................| 11.48 | 8.64 | 9.24 | 10.60 | 9.24 | 11.27 | 11.44 | 19.57 | 14.02 | 10.32 | 8.55
Other services (except | | | | | | | | | | |
public administration) ..........| 10.05 | 8.93 | 10.41 | 11.54 | 13.64 | 13.23 | 12.73 | 18.56 | 17.05 | 11.58 | 10.12
Federal, state, and local | | | | | | | | | | |
government ......................| 21.79 | 11.69 | 13.36 | 11.65 | 14.61 | 15.99 | 16.56 | 18.54 | 20.19 | 20.14 | 19.18
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Data not available.
Table 3. Employment by industry and occupational group
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Occupational group
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | Business | | | Life, | | | | Arts, design, |
Industry | Total | | and | Computer and | Architecture | physical, | Community | | Education, | entertainment, | Healthcare
| | Management | financial | mathematical | and | and social | and social | Legal | training, and | sports, and | practitioners
| | | operations | science | engineering | science | services | | library | media | and technical
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All industries | 132,604,980 | 5,892,900 | 5,826,140 | 3,076,200 | 2,430,250 | 1,231,070 | 1,749,210 | 976,740 | 8,206,440 | 1,727,380 | 6,713,780
| | | | | | | | | | |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, | | | | | | | | | | |
and hunting .....................| 379,690 | 6,190 | 1,480 | 320 | 100 | 2,140 | (1) | (1) | 150 | 220 | 180
Mining ...........................| 590,510 | 32,890 | 23,300 | 7,940 | 25,230 | 17,320 | (1) | 2,620 | (1) | 360 | 2,320
Utilities ........................| 546,400 | 31,020 | 35,160 | 16,360 | 47,070 | 9,750 | (1) | 1,240 | 100 | 2,030 | 1,330
Construction .....................| 7,633,080 | 362,950 | 215,190 | 7,620 | 75,220 | 3,590 | (1) | 1,440 | 50 | 7,670 | 1,690
Manufacturing ....................| 14,185,770 | 690,670 | 430,190 | 266,930 | 799,490 | 149,880 | 120 | 5,510 | 1,460 | 84,670 | 16,640
Wholesale trade ..................| 5,862,420 | 320,730 | 228,870 | 157,140 | 63,650 | 29,260 | (1) | 2,490 | 1,070 | 49,400 | 17,210
Retail trade .....................| 15,516,280 | 362,320 | 167,930 | 58,000 | 4,980 | 4,970 | 480 | 1,350 | 6,640 | 122,640 | 408,480
Transportation and warehousing ...| 5,203,910 | 147,330 | 98,290 | 23,150 | 23,290 | 3,460 | 120 | 1,890 | 1,050 | 3,550 | 3,820
Information ......................| 3,056,170 | 186,750 | 152,630 | 411,560 | 66,530 | 29,820 | 190 | 6,320 | 14,510 | 488,130 | 1,370
Finance and insurance ............| 5,992,570 | 445,990 | 1,300,620 | (1) | 3,880 | 31,000 | 3,330 | 56,530 | 1,480 | 18,910 | (1)
Real estate and rental | | | | | | | | | | |
and leasing .....................| 2,148,700 | 193,420 | 99,450 | 12,520 | 4,380 | 5,040 | 1,700 | 8,080 | 490 | 12,090 | 8,330
Professional, scientific, and | | | | | | | | | | |
technical services ..............| 7,243,130 | 504,580 | 840,540 | 986,210 | 881,350 | 342,000 | 7,790 | 594,630 | 20,430 | 303,820 | 141,350
Management of companies | | | | | | | | | | |
and enterprises.. ...............| 1,786,440 | 292,640 | 299,170 | 172,560 | 46,860 | 33,190 | 15,950 | 19,590 | 6,900 | 29,590 | 21,770
Administrative and support | | | | | | | | | | |
and waste management | | | | | | | | | | |
and remediation services ........| 8,350,180 | 230,940 | 277,170 | 136,680 | 77,260 | 26,090 | 13,290 | 21,300 | 30,870 | 50,040 | 203,830
Educational services | 12,291,320 | 523,940 | 211,390 | 176,140 | 20,350 | 162,250 | 56,650 | 3,150 | 7,311,310 | 197,430 | 237,080
Health care and social | | | | | | | | | | |
assistance ......................| 15,586,670 | 526,580 | 207,120 | 77,980 | 6,060 | 81,100 | 77,000 | 5,170 | 487,370 | 27,700 | 5,191,170
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | | | |
recreation ......................| 1,866,930 | 63,460 | 35,130 | 4,990 | 1,080 | 5,160 | 380 | 450 | 31,030 | 175,200 | 7,910
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | | | |
services ........................| 11,049,000 | 276,870 | 38,540 | 2,320 | 350 | 970 | 510 | 170 | 600 | 17,770 | 3,250
Other services (except | | | | | | | | | | |
public administration) ..........| 3,833,100 | 174,340 | 192,410 | 27,040 | 6,480 | 12,410 | 98,600 | 7,450 | 78,120 | 77,460 | 9,210
Federal, state, and local | | | | | | | | | | |
government ......................| 9,482,720 | 519,300 | 971,570 | 222,600 | 276,640 | 281,680 | 472,420 | 237,360 | 212,800 | 58,690 | 403,690
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Building and | Personal | | Office and | Farming, | | | | Transpor-
| Healthcare | Protective | Food | grounds | care and | Sales and | administrative | fishing, | Construction | Installation, | | tation and
| support | service | preparation | cleaning and | service | related | support | and | and | maintenance, | Production | material
| | | and serving | maintenance | | | | forestry | extraction | and repair | | moving
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | 3,483,270 | 3,024,840 | 11,029,280 | 4,396,250 | 3,249,760 | 14,114,860 | 23,077,190 | 450,040 | 6,680,710 | 5,352,420 | 10,268,510 | 9,647,730
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, | | | | | | | | | | | |
and hunting .....................| (1) | 380 | 40 | 5,020 | 5,620 | 2,830 | 21,320 | 264,960 | 750 | 8,040 | 10,100 | 49,650
Mining ...........................| 350 | 650 | 140 | 1,220 | 60 | 8,110 | 56,920 | 190 | 221,780 | 47,700 | 51,300 | 90,120
Utilities ........................| (1) | 3,890 | 40 | 3,020 | 40 | 10,170 | 115,390 | 330 | 32,780 | 148,070 | 76,610 | 11,970
Construction .....................| 270 | 5,300 | (1) | 49,890 | 1,290 | 152,510 | 732,340 | 1,280 | 5,101,800 | 531,060 | 99,780 | 280,150
Manufacturing ....................| 1,100 | 17,910 | 36,990 | 94,310 | 1,120 | 430,490 | 1,384,540 | 36,860 | 265,280 | 705,450 | 7,449,080 | 1,317,070
Wholesale trade ..................| 1,740 | 5,300 | 5,180 | 27,340 | 1,580 | 1,540,650 | 1,390,270 | 53,100 | 22,810 | 386,850 | 326,820 | 1,230,430
Retail trade .....................| 47,420 | 71,520 | 489,240 | 134,500 | 86,850 | 8,405,880 | 2,574,000 | 22,430 | 59,290 | 814,090 | 443,740 | 1,229,530
Transportation and warehousing ...| 270 | 14,840 | 9,050 | 34,050 | 145,880 | 91,030 | 1,540,090 | 2,460 | 26,010 | 303,610 | 71,010 | 2,659,640
Information ......................| (1) | 5,370 | 46,110 | 11,840 | 55,390 | 397,700 | 710,420 | (1) | 4,110 | 302,550 | 86,930 | 77,760
Finance and insurance ............| 2,300 | 12,860 | 2,140 | 16,400 | 1,020 | (1) | 2,994,960 | 270 | 1,830 | 13,440 | 3,310 | 3,220
Real estate and rental | | | | | | | | | | | |
and leasing .....................| 4,940 | 33,910 | 22,380 | 175,080 | 23,240 | 529,370 | 504,080 | 1,320 | 30,170 | 319,160 | 11,830 | 147,720
Professional, scientific, and | | | | | | | | | | | |
technical services ..............| 70,160 | 12,990 | 2,920 | 46,530 | 28,030 | 325,130 | 1,836,570 | 5,700 | 61,690 | 70,290 | 104,750 | 55,670
Management of companies | | | | | | | | | | | |
and enterprises.. ...............| 8,010 | 10,270 | (1) | 19,420 | 10,430 | 102,890 | 522,740 | 2,170 | 11,770 | 42,060 | 32,670 | 66,990
Administrative and support | | | | | | | | | | | |
and waste management | | | | | | | | | | | |
and remediation services ........| 102,840 | 662,920 | 132,540 | 1,667,460 | 64,860 | 522,100 | 1,823,130 | 21,030 | 287,700 | 198,310 | 785,300 | 1,014,520
Educational services .............| 35,910 | 107,540 | 456,140 | 535,220 | 197,920 | 34,600 | 1,316,450 | 2,960 | 43,470 | 150,390 | 22,020 | 289,010
Health care and social | | | | | | | | | | | |
assistance ......................| 3,027,740 | 69,640 | 513,940 | 440,900 | 1,022,390 | 49,760 | 2,609,770 | 1,190 | 19,290 | 122,740 | 112,420 | 109,650
Arts, entertainment, and | | | | | | | | | | | |
recreation ......................| 5,550 | 75,290 | 317,090 | 189,670 | 504,600 | 149,700 | 178,350 | 5,150 | 9,590 | 66,020 | 5,940 | 35,210
Accommodation and food | | | | | | | | | | | |
services ........................| 6,630 | 62,190 | 8,770,580 | 590,870 | 138,720 | 329,810 | 412,420 | 450 | 4,150 | 95,100 | 78,940 | 217,790
Other services (except | | | | | | | | | | | |
public administration) ..........| 25,210 | 46,250 | 103,790 | 110,280 | 693,980 | 226,650 | 589,670 | 1,130 | 15,060 | 651,140 | 330,020 | 356,390
Federal, state, and local | | | | | | | | | | | |
government ......................| 142,510 | 1,805,820 | 100,300 | 243,200 | 266,720 | 67,650 | 1,763,780 | 27,050 | 461,380 | 376,350 | 165,970 | 405,250
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Data not available.
Table 4. Employment and wages for registered nurses by industry
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
Industry | | Percent of | Mean wages
| Employment |occupational|-------------------
| | employment | Hourly | Annual
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
Total, all industries (1) .............| 2,417,150 | 100.0 | $28.71 | $59,730
| | | |
General medical and surgical hospitals ...| 1,373,610 | 56.8 | 29.31 | 60,970
Offices of physicians ....................| 209,260 | 8.7 | 28.45 | 59,170
Home health care services ................| 124,470 | 5.1 | 27.31 | 56,810
Nursing care facilities ..................| 122,990 | 5.1 | 25.81 | 53,690
Employment services ......................| 95,490 | 4.0 | 31.36 | 65,230
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. National employment and wages for the 10 largest occupations in the general medical and surgical hospital industry
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| | | Mean wages | Percentiles
Occupation | | Percent of |------------------------------------
| Employment | industry | | | |
| | employment| Hourly | Annual | 25th | 75th
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
General medical and surgical hospitals (NAICS 622100): | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Registered nurses ............................................| 1,373,610 | 28.1 | $29.31 | $60,970 | $23.80 | $34.03
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .....................| 382,940 | 7.8 | 11.55 | 24,030 | 9.47 | 13.34
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ............| 171,470 | 3.5 | 17.33 | 36,050 | 14.33 | 19.91
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ..............................| 115,790 | 2.4 | 10.15 | 21,110 | 8.16 | 11.61
Radiologic technologists and technicians .....................| 114,600 | 2.3 | 23.87 | 49,640 | 19.55 | 28.01
Office clerks, general .......................................| 114,250 | 2.3 | 12.94 | 26,910 | 10.17 | 15.31
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ................| 96,590 | 2.0 | 24.34 | 50,630 | 20.35 | 28.04
Medical secretaries ..........................................| 95,090 | 1.9 | 13.67 | 28,440 | 11.18 | 15.79
Medical and health services managers .........................| 87,620 | 1.8 | 40.83 | 84,930 | 30.32 | 47.45
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ....................| 80,650 | 1.7 | 12.93 | 26,900 | 10.66 | 14.83
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 6. Highest and lowest paying states by selected occupations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
Highest paying | Lowest paying
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
| Hourly | | | Hourly |
State | mean | Employment | State | mean | Employment
| wage | | | wage |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retail salespersons
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
Washington ..............| $13.46 | 84,650 |South Dakota ........| $10.41 | 13,670
Connecticut .............| 13.27 | 53,750 |Wyoming .............| 9.99 | 7,570
Alaska ..................| 12.91 | 9,760 |West Virginia .......| 9.93 | 22,260
New Jersey ..............| 12.57 | 118,670 |Kentucky ............| 9.83 | 60,070
Oregon ..................| 12.44 | 61,270 |Arkansas ............| 9.74 | 37,620
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Registered nurses
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
California ..............| $36.12 | 234,260 |West Virginia .......| $23.78 | 15,380
Massachusetts ...........| 34.09 | 76,350 |Kansas ..............| 23.64 | 23,590
Hawaii ..................| 33.02 | 9,610 |Wyoming .............| 23.54 | 4,010
Maryland ................| 32.87 | 47,560 |Oklahoma ............| 23.31 | 24,720
New Jersey ..............| 32.02 | 80,330 |Iowa ................| 22.61 | 1,040
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
District of Columbia ....| $19.11 | 5,400 |Montana .............| $13.12 | 9,800
Connecticut .............| 18.34 | 25,270 |Wyoming .............| 12.93 | 5,490
Alaska ..................| 18.08 | 5,110 |North Dakota ........| 12.88 | 5,970
New Jersey ..............| 17.63 | 54,180 |West Virginia .......| 12.43 | 8,620
Massachusetts ...........| 17.52 | 47,280 |South Dakota ........| 11.64 | 8,620
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General and operations managers
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
New Jersey ..............| $66.14 | 39,740 |Alaska ..............| $34.99 | 7,860
Washington ..............| 58.48 | 16,890 |Wyoming .............| 34.16 | 5,510
New York ................| 57.42 | 92,200 |Oklahoma ............| 33.97 | 27,800
Virginia ................| 57.14 | 30,970 |Montana .............| 31.60 | 9,390
Connecticut .............| 56.87 | 22,940 |Idaho ...............| 29.66 | 14,520
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 7. Highest and lowest paying metropolitan area or division by selected occupations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
Highest paying | Lowest paying
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
| Hourly | | | Hourly |
Metropolitan area or division | mean | Employment | Metropolitan area or division | mean | Employment
| wage | | | wage |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retail salespersons
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
Carson City, NV ......................| $14.78 | 570 |El Paso, TX ......................| $8.93 | 10,460
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ......| 14.49 | 15,110 |McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX .....| 8.86 | 7,870
Tacoma, WA metropolitan division .....| 14.14 | 8,660 |Brownsville-Harlingen, TX ........| 8.73 | 4,700
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL ............| 13.98 | 10,550 |Gadsden, AL ......................| 8.53 | 1,180
Fairbanks, AK.........................| 13.89 | 1,350 |Laredo, TX .......................| 8.41 | 3,550
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Registered nurses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ...| $44.42 | 14,930 |State College, PA ................| $20.76 | 930
Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA | | |Jonesboro, AR ....................| 20.68 | 990
metropolitan division ...............| 43.18 | 17,430 |Lawrence, KS .....................| 20.55 | 250
Salinas, CA ..........................| 40.83 | 2,130 |Morristown, TN ...................| 20.16 | 630
San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood | | |Blacksburg-Christiansburg- | |
City, CA metropolitan division ......| 39.83 | 15,430 | Radford, VA .....................| 19.70 | 770
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA ..............| 38.84 | 3,240 | | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood | | |Las Cruces, NM ...................| $11.64 | 910
City, CA metropolitan division ......| $19.62 | 13,900 |Rapid City, SD ...................| 11.59 | 1,340
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ...| 19.60 | 10,690 |McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX .....| .11.56 | 2,290
Fairbanks, AK ........................| 19.57 | 590 |Logan, UT-ID .....................| 11.41 | 490
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA ...........| 19.01 | 1,620 |Brownsville-Harlingen, TX ........| 10.75 | 1,450
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ......| 18.97 | 8,840 | | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General and operations managers
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ......| $69.01 | 6,700 |Morristown, TN ...................| $30.01 | 750
Trenton-Ewing, NJ . ..................| 68.86 | 2,050 |Idaho Falls, ID ..................| 29.73 | 1,180
Edison, NJ metropolitan division .....| 67.64 | 9,670 |Missoula, MT .....................| 28.69 | 1,420
New York-White Plains-Wayne, | | |Lawton, OK .......................| 28.27 | 590
NY-NJ metropolitan division ........| 66.04 | 57,400 |Pocatello, ID .................. .| 26.92 | 980
Newark-Union, NJ-PA metropolitan | | | | |
division ............................| 65.01 | 10,780 | | |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------